[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164059},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2306},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2299,"extension":2300,"meta":2301,"navigation":132,"path":2302,"seo":2303,"stem":2304,"__hash__":2305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2262},"minimark",[9,13,22,28,42,48,53,161,164,220,229,233,238,241,252,260,264,267,291,304,307,324,328,333,360,362,371,374,447,449,474,481,485,490,527,529,550,557,561,595,597,631,636,640,674,676,708,718,722,766,769,790,793,797,878,880,905,911,918,922,925,928,943,946,970,972,999,1002,1021,1023,1054,1066,1070,1077,1162,1164,1207,1213,1221,1319,1321,1380,1383,1390,1394,1399,1403,1467,1469,1494,1498,1562,1564,1589,1593,1656,1658,1705,1708,1712,1717,1741,1746,1837,1839,1875,1885,1889,1894,1898,1901,1930,1935,1938,1966,1973,1976,2000,2002,2054,2057,2060,2081,2085,2088,2141,2144,2150,2154,2159,2162,2166,2173,2182,2186,2192,2196,2199,2203,2206,2210,2216,2220,2258],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The built-in ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"list()"," function creates a new list.",[14,23,24,25,27],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,26,20],{}," for two main reasons:",[29,30,31,35],"ul",{},[32,33,34],"li",{},"to make an empty list",[32,36,37,38,41],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,39,40],{},"range",", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,43,44,45,47],{},"This page explains how ",[18,46,20],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"quick-example","Quick example",[54,55,60],"pre",{"className":56,"code":57,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n","python","",[18,61,62,101,127,134,149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64,67,71,75,79,83,87,90,93,95,98],"span",{"class":65,"line":66},"line",1,[63,68,70],{"class":69},"su5hD","numbers ",[63,72,74],{"class":73},"smGrS","=",[63,76,78],{"class":77},"sZMiF"," list",[63,80,82],{"class":81},"sP7_E","((",[63,84,86],{"class":85},"srdBf","1",[63,88,89],{"class":81},",",[63,91,92],{"class":85}," 2",[63,94,89],{"class":81},[63,96,97],{"class":85}," 3",[63,99,100],{"class":81},"))\n",[63,102,104,107,109,111,114,118,122,124],{"class":65,"line":103},2,[63,105,106],{"class":69},"letters ",[63,108,74],{"class":73},[63,110,78],{"class":77},[63,112,113],{"class":81},"(",[63,115,117],{"class":116},"sjJ54","\"",[63,119,121],{"class":120},"s_sjI","abc",[63,123,117],{"class":116},[63,125,126],{"class":81},")\n",[63,128,130],{"class":65,"line":129},3,[63,131,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},true,"\n",[63,135,137,141,143,147],{"class":65,"line":136},4,[63,138,140],{"class":139},"sptTA","print",[63,142,113],{"class":81},[63,144,146],{"class":145},"slqww","numbers",[63,148,126],{"class":81},[63,150,152,154,156,159],{"class":65,"line":151},5,[63,153,140],{"class":139},[63,155,113],{"class":81},[63,157,158],{"class":145},"letters",[63,160,126],{"class":81},[14,162,163],{},"Output:",[54,165,167],{"className":56,"code":166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,168,169,187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,170,171,174,176,178,180,182,184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,172,173],{"class":81},"[",[63,175,86],{"class":85},[63,177,89],{"class":81},[63,179,92],{"class":85},[63,181,89],{"class":81},[63,183,97],{"class":85},[63,185,186],{"class":81},"]\n",[63,188,189,191,194,197,199,201,204,207,209,211,213,216,218],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,190,173],{"class":81},[63,192,193],{"class":116},"'",[63,195,196],{"class":120},"a",[63,198,193],{"class":116},[63,200,89],{"class":81},[63,202,203],{"class":116}," '",[63,205,206],{"class":120},"b",[63,208,193],{"class":116},[63,210,89],{"class":81},[63,212,203],{"class":116},[63,214,215],{"class":120},"c",[63,217,193],{"class":116},[63,219,186],{"class":81},[14,221,222,223,225,226,228],{},"Use ",[18,224,20],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,227,40],{},", set, or dictionary.",[49,230,232],{"id":231},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,234,235,237],{},[18,236,20],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,239,240],{},"It can:",[29,242,243,246,249],{},[32,244,245],{},"create a new list object",[32,247,248],{},"make an empty list",[32,250,251],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,253,254,255,259],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[196,256,258],{"href":257},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",".",[49,261,263],{"id":262},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,265,266],{},"There are two common forms:",[54,268,270],{"className":56,"code":269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,271,272,280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,273,274,277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,275,276],{"class":77},"list",[63,278,279],{"class":81},"()\n",[63,281,282,284,286,289],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,283,276],{"class":77},[63,285,113],{"class":81},[63,287,288],{"class":145},"iterable",[63,290,126],{"class":81},[29,292,293,298],{},[32,294,295,297],{},[18,296,20],{}," makes an empty list",[32,299,300,303],{},[18,301,302],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,305,306],{},"Common iterable values include:",[29,308,309,312,315,318,321],{},[32,310,311],{},"strings",[32,313,314],{},"tuples",[32,316,317],{},"sets",[32,319,320],{},"ranges",[32,322,323],{},"dictionaries",[49,325,327],{"id":326},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,329,222,330,332],{},[18,331,20],{}," with no arguments:",[54,334,336],{"className":56,"code":335,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,337,338,349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,339,340,343,345,347],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,341,342],{"class":69},"items ",[63,344,74],{"class":73},[63,346,78],{"class":77},[63,348,279],{"class":81},[63,350,351,353,355,358],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,352,140],{"class":139},[63,354,113],{"class":81},[63,356,357],{"class":145},"items",[63,359,126],{"class":81},[14,361,163],{},[54,363,365],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[]\n",[18,366,367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,368,369],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,370,364],{"class":81},[14,372,373],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[54,375,377],{"className":56,"code":376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,378,379,389,393,413,432,436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,380,381,383,385,387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,382,342],{"class":69},[63,384,74],{"class":73},[63,386,78],{"class":77},[63,388,279],{"class":81},[63,390,391],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,392,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,394,395,397,399,402,404,406,409,411],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,396,357],{"class":69},[63,398,259],{"class":81},[63,400,401],{"class":145},"append",[63,403,113],{"class":81},[63,405,117],{"class":116},[63,407,408],{"class":120},"apple",[63,410,117],{"class":116},[63,412,126],{"class":81},[63,414,415,417,419,421,423,425,428,430],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,416,357],{"class":69},[63,418,259],{"class":81},[63,420,401],{"class":145},[63,422,113],{"class":81},[63,424,117],{"class":116},[63,426,427],{"class":120},"banana",[63,429,117],{"class":116},[63,431,126],{"class":81},[63,433,434],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,435,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,437,439,441,443,445],{"class":65,"line":438},6,[63,440,140],{"class":139},[63,442,113],{"class":81},[63,444,357],{"class":145},[63,446,126],{"class":81},[14,448,163],{},[54,450,452],{"className":56,"code":451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,453,454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,455,456,458,460,462,464,466,468,470,472],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,457,173],{"class":81},[63,459,193],{"class":116},[63,461,408],{"class":120},[63,463,193],{"class":116},[63,465,89],{"class":81},[63,467,203],{"class":116},[63,469,427],{"class":120},[63,471,193],{"class":116},[63,473,186],{"class":81},[14,475,476,477,480],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,478,479],{},"[]",". Both are valid.",[49,482,484],{"id":483},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[486,487,489],"h3",{"id":488},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[54,491,493],{"className":56,"code":492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,494,495,517],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,496,497,499,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,498,70],{"class":69},[63,500,74],{"class":73},[63,502,78],{"class":77},[63,504,82],{"class":81},[63,506,86],{"class":85},[63,508,89],{"class":81},[63,510,92],{"class":85},[63,512,89],{"class":81},[63,514,97],{"class":85},[63,516,100],{"class":81},[63,518,519,521,523,525],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,520,140],{"class":139},[63,522,113],{"class":81},[63,524,146],{"class":145},[63,526,126],{"class":81},[14,528,163],{},[54,530,532],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,533,534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,535,536,538,540,542,544,546,548],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,537,173],{"class":81},[63,539,86],{"class":85},[63,541,89],{"class":81},[63,543,92],{"class":85},[63,545,89],{"class":81},[63,547,97],{"class":85},[63,549,186],{"class":81},[14,551,552,553,259],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[196,554,556],{"href":555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[486,558,560],{"id":559},"string-to-list","String to list",[54,562,564],{"className":56,"code":563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,565,566,585],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,567,568,570,572,574,576,578,581,583],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,569,106],{"class":69},[63,571,74],{"class":73},[63,573,78],{"class":77},[63,575,113],{"class":81},[63,577,117],{"class":116},[63,579,580],{"class":120},"cat",[63,582,117],{"class":116},[63,584,126],{"class":81},[63,586,587,589,591,593],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,588,140],{"class":139},[63,590,113],{"class":81},[63,592,158],{"class":145},[63,594,126],{"class":81},[14,596,163],{},[54,598,600],{"className":56,"code":599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,601,602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,603,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620,622,624,627,629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,605,173],{"class":81},[63,607,193],{"class":116},[63,609,215],{"class":120},[63,611,193],{"class":116},[63,613,89],{"class":81},[63,615,203],{"class":116},[63,617,196],{"class":120},[63,619,193],{"class":116},[63,621,89],{"class":81},[63,623,203],{"class":116},[63,625,626],{"class":120},"t",[63,628,193],{"class":116},[63,630,186],{"class":81},[14,632,633,635],{},[18,634,20],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[486,637,639],{"id":638},"range-to-list","Range to list",[54,641,643],{"className":56,"code":642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,644,645,664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,646,647,649,651,653,655,657,659,662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,648,70],{"class":69},[63,650,74],{"class":73},[63,652,78],{"class":77},[63,654,113],{"class":81},[63,656,40],{"class":139},[63,658,113],{"class":81},[63,660,661],{"class":85},"5",[63,663,100],{"class":81},[63,665,666,668,670,672],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,667,140],{"class":139},[63,669,113],{"class":81},[63,671,146],{"class":145},[63,673,126],{"class":81},[14,675,163],{},[54,677,679],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,680,681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,682,683,685,688,690,693,695,697,699,701,703,706],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,684,173],{"class":81},[63,686,687],{"class":85},"0",[63,689,89],{"class":81},[63,691,692],{"class":85}," 1",[63,694,89],{"class":81},[63,696,92],{"class":85},[63,698,89],{"class":81},[63,700,97],{"class":85},[63,702,89],{"class":81},[63,704,705],{"class":85}," 4",[63,707,186],{"class":81},[14,709,710,711,717],{},"This is common when working with ",[196,712,714],{"href":713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,715,716],{},"range()",", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[486,719,721],{"id":720},"set-to-list","Set to list",[54,723,725],{"className":56,"code":724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,726,727,755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,728,729,732,734,736,739,742,744,747,749,752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,730,731],{"class":69},"values ",[63,733,74],{"class":73},[63,735,78],{"class":77},[63,737,738],{"class":81},"({",[63,740,741],{"class":85},"10",[63,743,89],{"class":81},[63,745,746],{"class":85}," 20",[63,748,89],{"class":81},[63,750,751],{"class":85}," 30",[63,753,754],{"class":81},"})\n",[63,756,757,759,761,764],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,758,140],{"class":139},[63,760,113],{"class":81},[63,762,763],{"class":145},"values",[63,765,126],{"class":81},[14,767,768],{},"Example output:",[54,770,772],{"className":56,"code":771,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,773,774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,775,776,778,780,782,784,786,788],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,777,173],{"class":81},[63,779,741],{"class":85},[63,781,89],{"class":81},[63,783,746],{"class":85},[63,785,89],{"class":81},[63,787,751],{"class":85},[63,789,186],{"class":81},[14,791,792],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[486,794,796],{"id":795},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[54,798,800],{"className":56,"code":799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,801,802,847,863,867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,803,804,807,809,812,814,817,819,822,825,828,830,832,834,837,839,841,844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,805,806],{"class":69},"person ",[63,808,74],{"class":73},[63,810,811],{"class":81}," {",[63,813,117],{"class":116},[63,815,816],{"class":120},"name",[63,818,117],{"class":116},[63,820,821],{"class":81},":",[63,823,824],{"class":116}," \"",[63,826,827],{"class":120},"Ana",[63,829,117],{"class":116},[63,831,89],{"class":81},[63,833,824],{"class":116},[63,835,836],{"class":120},"age",[63,838,117],{"class":116},[63,840,821],{"class":81},[63,842,843],{"class":85}," 25",[63,845,846],{"class":81},"}\n",[63,848,849,852,854,856,858,861],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,850,851],{"class":69},"result ",[63,853,74],{"class":73},[63,855,78],{"class":77},[63,857,113],{"class":81},[63,859,860],{"class":145},"person",[63,862,126],{"class":81},[63,864,865],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,866,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,868,869,871,873,876],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,870,140],{"class":139},[63,872,113],{"class":81},[63,874,875],{"class":145},"result",[63,877,126],{"class":81},[14,879,163],{},[54,881,883],{"className":56,"code":882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,884,885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,886,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901,903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,888,173],{"class":81},[63,890,193],{"class":116},[63,892,816],{"class":120},[63,894,193],{"class":116},[63,896,89],{"class":81},[63,898,203],{"class":116},[63,900,836],{"class":120},[63,902,193],{"class":116},[63,904,186],{"class":81},[14,906,907,908,910],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,909,20],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,912,913,914,259],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[196,915,917],{"href":916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[49,919,921],{"id":920},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,923,924],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,926,927],{},"Common iterables include:",[29,929,930,933,935,937,939,941],{},[32,931,932],{},"lists",[32,934,314],{},[32,936,311],{},[32,938,317],{},[32,940,320],{},[32,942,323],{},[14,944,945],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[54,947,949],{"className":56,"code":948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,950,951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,952,953,955,957,959,961,963,966,968],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,954,140],{"class":139},[63,956,113],{"class":81},[63,958,276],{"class":77},[63,960,113],{"class":81},[63,962,117],{"class":116},[63,964,965],{"class":120},"hi",[63,967,117],{"class":116},[63,969,100],{"class":81},[14,971,163],{},[54,973,975],{"className":56,"code":974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,976,977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,978,979,981,983,986,988,990,992,995,997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,980,173],{"class":81},[63,982,193],{"class":116},[63,984,985],{"class":120},"h",[63,987,193],{"class":116},[63,989,89],{"class":81},[63,991,203],{"class":116},[63,993,994],{"class":120},"i",[63,996,193],{"class":116},[63,998,186],{"class":81},[14,1000,1001],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[54,1003,1005],{"className":56,"code":1004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(5))\n",[18,1006,1007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1008,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1010,140],{"class":139},[63,1012,113],{"class":81},[63,1014,276],{"class":77},[63,1016,113],{"class":81},[63,1018,661],{"class":85},[63,1020,100],{"class":81},[14,1022,163],{},[54,1024,1026],{"className":56,"code":1025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,1027,1028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1029,1030,1033,1035,1037,1040,1042,1045,1048,1051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1031,1032],{"class":77},"TypeError",[63,1034,821],{"class":81},[63,1036,203],{"class":116},[63,1038,1039],{"class":120},"int",[63,1041,193],{"class":116},[63,1043,1044],{"class":77}," object",[63,1046,1047],{"class":73}," is",[63,1049,1050],{"class":73}," not",[63,1052,1053],{"class":69}," iterable\n",[14,1055,1056,1057,1061,1062,259],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[196,1058,1060],{"href":1059},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",". If you hit this exact error, see ",[196,1063,1065],{"href":1064},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[49,1067,1069],{"id":1068},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,1071,1072,1073,1076],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,1074,1075],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[54,1078,1080],{"className":56,"code":1079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,1081,1082,1104,1120,1124,1134,1145],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1083,1084,1087,1089,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1085,1086],{"class":69},"original ",[63,1088,74],{"class":73},[63,1090,1091],{"class":81}," [",[63,1093,86],{"class":85},[63,1095,89],{"class":81},[63,1097,92],{"class":85},[63,1099,89],{"class":81},[63,1101,97],{"class":85},[63,1103,186],{"class":81},[63,1105,1106,1109,1111,1113,1115,1118],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1107,1108],{"class":69},"copied ",[63,1110,74],{"class":73},[63,1112,78],{"class":77},[63,1114,113],{"class":81},[63,1116,1117],{"class":145},"original",[63,1119,126],{"class":81},[63,1121,1122],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,1123,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,1125,1126,1128,1130,1132],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,1127,140],{"class":139},[63,1129,113],{"class":81},[63,1131,1117],{"class":145},[63,1133,126],{"class":81},[63,1135,1136,1138,1140,1143],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,1137,140],{"class":139},[63,1139,113],{"class":81},[63,1141,1142],{"class":145},"copied",[63,1144,126],{"class":81},[63,1146,1147,1149,1151,1153,1157,1160],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,1148,140],{"class":139},[63,1150,113],{"class":81},[63,1152,1086],{"class":145},[63,1154,1156],{"class":1155},"sVHd0","is",[63,1158,1159],{"class":145}," copied",[63,1161,126],{"class":81},[14,1163,163],{},[54,1165,1167],{"className":56,"code":1166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,1168,1169,1185,1201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1170,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1172,173],{"class":81},[63,1174,86],{"class":85},[63,1176,89],{"class":81},[63,1178,92],{"class":85},[63,1180,89],{"class":81},[63,1182,97],{"class":85},[63,1184,186],{"class":81},[63,1186,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1188,173],{"class":81},[63,1190,86],{"class":85},[63,1192,89],{"class":81},[63,1194,92],{"class":85},[63,1196,89],{"class":81},[63,1198,97],{"class":85},[63,1200,186],{"class":81},[63,1202,1203],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,1204,1206],{"class":1205},"s39Yj","False\n",[14,1208,1209,1210,1212],{},"This means ",[18,1211,1142],{}," is a different list object.",[14,1214,1215,1216,1220],{},"However, this is only a ",[1217,1218,1219],"strong",{},"shallow copy",". Nested items are still shared:",[54,1222,1224],{"className":56,"code":1223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,1225,1226,1256,1270,1274,1294,1298,1308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1227,1228,1230,1232,1235,1237,1239,1241,1244,1246,1249,1251,1253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1229,1086],{"class":69},[63,1231,74],{"class":73},[63,1233,1234],{"class":81}," [[",[63,1236,86],{"class":85},[63,1238,89],{"class":81},[63,1240,92],{"class":85},[63,1242,1243],{"class":81},"],",[63,1245,1091],{"class":81},[63,1247,1248],{"class":85},"3",[63,1250,89],{"class":81},[63,1252,705],{"class":85},[63,1254,1255],{"class":81},"]]\n",[63,1257,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1259,1108],{"class":69},[63,1261,74],{"class":73},[63,1263,78],{"class":77},[63,1265,113],{"class":81},[63,1267,1117],{"class":145},[63,1269,126],{"class":81},[63,1271,1272],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,1273,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,1275,1276,1278,1280,1282,1285,1287,1289,1292],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,1277,1142],{"class":69},[63,1279,173],{"class":81},[63,1281,687],{"class":85},[63,1283,1284],{"class":81},"].",[63,1286,401],{"class":145},[63,1288,113],{"class":81},[63,1290,1291],{"class":85},"99",[63,1293,126],{"class":81},[63,1295,1296],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,1297,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,1299,1300,1302,1304,1306],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,1301,140],{"class":139},[63,1303,113],{"class":81},[63,1305,1117],{"class":145},[63,1307,126],{"class":81},[63,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317],{"class":65,"line":1310},7,[63,1312,140],{"class":139},[63,1314,113],{"class":81},[63,1316,1142],{"class":145},[63,1318,126],{"class":81},[14,1320,163],{},[54,1322,1324],{"className":56,"code":1323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,1325,1326,1354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1327,1328,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1329,1330],{"class":81},"[[",[63,1332,86],{"class":85},[63,1334,89],{"class":81},[63,1336,92],{"class":85},[63,1338,89],{"class":81},[63,1340,1341],{"class":85}," 99",[63,1343,1243],{"class":81},[63,1345,1091],{"class":81},[63,1347,1248],{"class":85},[63,1349,89],{"class":81},[63,1351,705],{"class":85},[63,1353,1255],{"class":81},[63,1355,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1357,1330],{"class":81},[63,1359,86],{"class":85},[63,1361,89],{"class":81},[63,1363,92],{"class":85},[63,1365,89],{"class":81},[63,1367,1341],{"class":85},[63,1369,1243],{"class":81},[63,1371,1091],{"class":81},[63,1373,1248],{"class":85},[63,1375,89],{"class":81},[63,1377,705],{"class":85},[63,1379,1255],{"class":81},[14,1381,1382],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,1384,1385,1386,259],{},"For more on this, see ",[196,1387,1389],{"href":1388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[49,1391,1393],{"id":1392},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,1395,1396,1397,259],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,1398,20],{},[486,1400,1402],{"id":1401},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[54,1404,1406],{"className":56,"code":1405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,1407,1408,1452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1409,1410,1413,1415,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1430,1432,1434,1436,1439,1441,1443,1445,1448,1450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1411,1412],{"class":69},"student ",[63,1414,74],{"class":73},[63,1416,811],{"class":81},[63,1418,117],{"class":116},[63,1420,816],{"class":120},[63,1422,117],{"class":116},[63,1424,821],{"class":81},[63,1426,824],{"class":116},[63,1428,1429],{"class":120},"Mia",[63,1431,117],{"class":116},[63,1433,89],{"class":81},[63,1435,824],{"class":116},[63,1437,1438],{"class":120},"grade",[63,1440,117],{"class":116},[63,1442,821],{"class":81},[63,1444,824],{"class":116},[63,1446,1447],{"class":120},"A",[63,1449,117],{"class":116},[63,1451,846],{"class":81},[63,1453,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1465],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1455,140],{"class":139},[63,1457,113],{"class":81},[63,1459,276],{"class":77},[63,1461,113],{"class":81},[63,1463,1464],{"class":145},"student",[63,1466,100],{"class":81},[14,1468,163],{},[54,1470,1472],{"className":56,"code":1471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,1473,1474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1475,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1477,173],{"class":81},[63,1479,193],{"class":116},[63,1481,816],{"class":120},[63,1483,193],{"class":116},[63,1485,89],{"class":81},[63,1487,203],{"class":116},[63,1489,1438],{"class":120},[63,1491,193],{"class":116},[63,1493,186],{"class":81},[486,1495,1497],{"id":1496},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[54,1499,1501],{"className":56,"code":1500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,1502,1503,1543],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1504,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1506,1412],{"class":69},[63,1508,74],{"class":73},[63,1510,811],{"class":81},[63,1512,117],{"class":116},[63,1514,816],{"class":120},[63,1516,117],{"class":116},[63,1518,821],{"class":81},[63,1520,824],{"class":116},[63,1522,1429],{"class":120},[63,1524,117],{"class":116},[63,1526,89],{"class":81},[63,1528,824],{"class":116},[63,1530,1438],{"class":120},[63,1532,117],{"class":116},[63,1534,821],{"class":81},[63,1536,824],{"class":116},[63,1538,1447],{"class":120},[63,1540,117],{"class":116},[63,1542,846],{"class":81},[63,1544,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1546,140],{"class":139},[63,1548,113],{"class":81},[63,1550,276],{"class":77},[63,1552,113],{"class":81},[63,1554,1464],{"class":145},[63,1556,259],{"class":81},[63,1558,763],{"class":145},[63,1560,1561],{"class":81},"()))\n",[14,1563,163],{},[54,1565,1567],{"className":56,"code":1566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,1568,1569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1570,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1572,173],{"class":81},[63,1574,193],{"class":116},[63,1576,1429],{"class":120},[63,1578,193],{"class":116},[63,1580,89],{"class":81},[63,1582,203],{"class":116},[63,1584,1447],{"class":120},[63,1586,193],{"class":116},[63,1588,186],{"class":81},[486,1590,1592],{"id":1591},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[54,1594,1596],{"className":56,"code":1595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,1597,1598,1638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1599,1600,1602,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1601,1412],{"class":69},[63,1603,74],{"class":73},[63,1605,811],{"class":81},[63,1607,117],{"class":116},[63,1609,816],{"class":120},[63,1611,117],{"class":116},[63,1613,821],{"class":81},[63,1615,824],{"class":116},[63,1617,1429],{"class":120},[63,1619,117],{"class":116},[63,1621,89],{"class":81},[63,1623,824],{"class":116},[63,1625,1438],{"class":120},[63,1627,117],{"class":116},[63,1629,821],{"class":81},[63,1631,824],{"class":116},[63,1633,1447],{"class":120},[63,1635,117],{"class":116},[63,1637,846],{"class":81},[63,1639,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1641,140],{"class":139},[63,1643,113],{"class":81},[63,1645,276],{"class":77},[63,1647,113],{"class":81},[63,1649,1464],{"class":145},[63,1651,259],{"class":81},[63,1653,357],{"class":145},[63,1655,1561],{"class":81},[14,1657,163],{},[54,1659,1661],{"className":56,"code":1660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,1662,1663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1664,1665,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1685,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1666,1667],{"class":81},"[(",[63,1669,193],{"class":116},[63,1671,816],{"class":120},[63,1673,193],{"class":116},[63,1675,89],{"class":81},[63,1677,203],{"class":116},[63,1679,1429],{"class":120},[63,1681,193],{"class":116},[63,1683,1684],{"class":81},"),",[63,1686,1687],{"class":81}," (",[63,1689,193],{"class":116},[63,1691,1438],{"class":120},[63,1693,193],{"class":116},[63,1695,89],{"class":81},[63,1697,203],{"class":116},[63,1699,1447],{"class":120},[63,1701,193],{"class":116},[63,1703,1704],{"class":81},")]\n",[14,1706,1707],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[49,1709,1711],{"id":1710},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,1713,222,1714,1716],{},[18,1715,20],{}," when:",[29,1718,1719,1729,1738],{},[32,1720,1721,1722,1725,1726],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,1723,1724],{},"append()"," or ",[18,1727,1728],{},"sort()",[32,1730,1731,1732,1725,1734,1737],{},"you want to convert ",[18,1733,716],{},[18,1735,1736],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[32,1739,1740],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,1742,1743,1744,821],{},"Example with ",[18,1745,1736],{},[54,1747,1749],{"className":56,"code":1748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,1750,1751,1777,1796,1800,1826],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1752,1753,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1773,1775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1754,1755],{"class":69},"names ",[63,1757,74],{"class":73},[63,1759,1091],{"class":81},[63,1761,117],{"class":116},[63,1763,827],{"class":120},[63,1765,117],{"class":116},[63,1767,89],{"class":81},[63,1769,824],{"class":116},[63,1771,1772],{"class":120},"Ben",[63,1774,117],{"class":116},[63,1776,186],{"class":81},[63,1778,1779,1782,1784,1786,1789,1791,1794],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1780,1781],{"class":69},"scores ",[63,1783,74],{"class":73},[63,1785,1091],{"class":81},[63,1787,1788],{"class":85},"90",[63,1790,89],{"class":81},[63,1792,1793],{"class":85}," 85",[63,1795,186],{"class":81},[63,1797,1798],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,1799,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,1801,1802,1805,1807,1809,1811,1814,1816,1819,1821,1824],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,1803,1804],{"class":69},"pairs ",[63,1806,74],{"class":73},[63,1808,78],{"class":77},[63,1810,113],{"class":81},[63,1812,1813],{"class":139},"zip",[63,1815,113],{"class":81},[63,1817,1818],{"class":145},"names",[63,1820,89],{"class":81},[63,1822,1823],{"class":145}," scores",[63,1825,100],{"class":81},[63,1827,1828,1830,1832,1835],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,1829,140],{"class":139},[63,1831,113],{"class":81},[63,1833,1834],{"class":145},"pairs",[63,1836,126],{"class":81},[14,1838,163],{},[54,1840,1842],{"className":56,"code":1841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,1843,1844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1845,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1847,1667],{"class":81},[63,1849,193],{"class":116},[63,1851,827],{"class":120},[63,1853,193],{"class":116},[63,1855,89],{"class":81},[63,1857,1858],{"class":85}," 90",[63,1860,1684],{"class":81},[63,1862,1687],{"class":81},[63,1864,193],{"class":116},[63,1866,1772],{"class":120},[63,1868,193],{"class":116},[63,1870,89],{"class":81},[63,1872,1793],{"class":85},[63,1874,1704],{"class":81},[14,1876,1877,1878,1880,1881,259],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,1879,1724],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[196,1882,1884],{"href":1883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[49,1886,1888],{"id":1887},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[14,1890,1891,1892,259],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,1893,20],{},[486,1895,1897],{"id":1896},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,1899,1900],{},"This is wrong:",[54,1902,1904],{"className":56,"code":1903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,1905,1906,1912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1907,1908],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1909,1911],{"class":1910},"sutJx","# Wrong\n",[63,1913,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,1915,276],{"class":77},[63,1917,113],{"class":81},[63,1919,86],{"class":85},[63,1921,89],{"class":81},[63,1923,92],{"class":85},[63,1925,89],{"class":81},[63,1927,97],{"class":85},[63,1929,126],{"class":81},[14,1931,1932,1934],{},[18,1933,20],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,1936,1937],{},"Use:",[54,1939,1941],{"className":56,"code":1940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,1942,1943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1944,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1946,140],{"class":139},[63,1948,113],{"class":81},[63,1950,276],{"class":77},[63,1952,82],{"class":81},[63,1954,86],{"class":85},[63,1956,89],{"class":81},[63,1958,92],{"class":85},[63,1960,89],{"class":81},[63,1962,97],{"class":85},[63,1964,1965],{"class":81},")))\n",[486,1967,1969,1970],{"id":1968},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[63,1971,1972],{},"\"hello\"",[14,1974,1975],{},"This is a common surprise:",[54,1977,1979],{"className":56,"code":1978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,1980,1981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,1982,1983,1985,1987,1989,1991,1993,1996,1998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,1984,140],{"class":139},[63,1986,113],{"class":81},[63,1988,276],{"class":77},[63,1990,113],{"class":81},[63,1992,117],{"class":116},[63,1994,1995],{"class":120},"hello",[63,1997,117],{"class":116},[63,1999,100],{"class":81},[14,2001,163],{},[54,2003,2005],{"className":56,"code":2004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,2006,2007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2008,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021,2024,2026,2028,2030,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2050,2052],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2010,173],{"class":81},[63,2012,193],{"class":116},[63,2014,985],{"class":120},[63,2016,193],{"class":116},[63,2018,89],{"class":81},[63,2020,203],{"class":116},[63,2022,2023],{"class":120},"e",[63,2025,193],{"class":116},[63,2027,89],{"class":81},[63,2029,203],{"class":116},[63,2031,2032],{"class":120},"l",[63,2034,193],{"class":116},[63,2036,89],{"class":81},[63,2038,203],{"class":116},[63,2040,2032],{"class":120},[63,2042,193],{"class":116},[63,2044,89],{"class":81},[63,2046,203],{"class":116},[63,2048,2049],{"class":120},"o",[63,2051,193],{"class":116},[63,2053,186],{"class":81},[14,2055,2056],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,2058,2059],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[54,2061,2063],{"className":56,"code":2062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,2064,2065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2066,2067,2069,2072,2074,2076,2078],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2068,140],{"class":139},[63,2070,2071],{"class":81},"([",[63,2073,117],{"class":116},[63,2075,1995],{"class":120},[63,2077,117],{"class":116},[63,2079,2080],{"class":81},"])\n",[486,2082,2084],{"id":2083},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,2086,2087],{},"This:",[54,2089,2091],{"className":56,"code":2090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,2092,2093,2126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2094,2095,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2096,2097],{"class":69},"data ",[63,2099,74],{"class":73},[63,2101,811],{"class":81},[63,2103,117],{"class":116},[63,2105,196],{"class":120},[63,2107,117],{"class":116},[63,2109,821],{"class":81},[63,2111,692],{"class":85},[63,2113,89],{"class":81},[63,2115,824],{"class":116},[63,2117,206],{"class":120},[63,2119,117],{"class":116},[63,2121,821],{"class":81},[63,2123,92],{"class":85},[63,2125,846],{"class":81},[63,2127,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136,2139],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2129,140],{"class":139},[63,2131,113],{"class":81},[63,2133,276],{"class":77},[63,2135,113],{"class":81},[63,2137,2138],{"class":145},"data",[63,2140,100],{"class":81},[14,2142,2143],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,2145,222,2146,2149],{},[18,2147,2148],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[486,2151,2153],{"id":2152},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,2155,2156,2158],{},[18,2157,20],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,2160,2161],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[49,2163,2165],{"id":2164},"faq","FAQ",[486,2167,2169,2170,2172],{"id":2168},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list","What is the difference between ",[63,2171],{}," and list()?",[14,2174,2175,2176,2178,2179,2181],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,2177,479],{}," is shorter. ",[18,2180,20],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[486,2183,2185],{"id":2184},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,2187,2188,2189,2191],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,2190,20],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[486,2193,2195],{"id":2194},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,2197,2198],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[486,2200,2202],{"id":2201},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,2204,2205],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[486,2207,2209],{"id":2208},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,2211,2212,2213,2215],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,2214,20],{}," cannot loop through it.",[49,2217,2219],{"id":2218},"see-also","See also",[29,2221,2222,2226,2231,2235,2239,2244,2248,2253],{},[32,2223,2224],{},[196,2225,258],{"href":257},[32,2227,2228],{},[196,2229,2230],{"href":713},"Python range() function explained",[32,2232,2233],{},[196,2234,556],{"href":555},[32,2236,2237],{},[196,2238,917],{"href":916},[32,2240,2241],{},[196,2242,2243],{"href":1059},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[32,2245,2246],{},[196,2247,1389],{"href":1388},[32,2249,2250],{},[196,2251,2252],{"href":1064},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,2254,2255],{},[196,2256,2257],{"href":1883},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[2259,2260,2261],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":2263},[2264,2265,2266,2267,2268,2275,2276,2277,2282,2283,2290,2298],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":231,"depth":103,"text":232},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":326,"depth":103,"text":327},{"id":483,"depth":103,"text":484,"children":2269},[2270,2271,2272,2273,2274],{"id":488,"depth":129,"text":489},{"id":559,"depth":129,"text":560},{"id":638,"depth":129,"text":639},{"id":720,"depth":129,"text":721},{"id":795,"depth":129,"text":796},{"id":920,"depth":103,"text":921},{"id":1068,"depth":103,"text":1069},{"id":1392,"depth":103,"text":1393,"children":2278},[2279,2280,2281],{"id":1401,"depth":129,"text":1402},{"id":1496,"depth":129,"text":1497},{"id":1591,"depth":129,"text":1592},{"id":1710,"depth":103,"text":1711},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":2284},[2285,2286,2288,2289],{"id":1896,"depth":129,"text":1897},{"id":1968,"depth":129,"text":2287},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":2083,"depth":129,"text":2084},{"id":2152,"depth":129,"text":2153},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":2291},[2292,2294,2295,2296,2297],{"id":2168,"depth":129,"text":2293},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":2184,"depth":129,"text":2185},{"id":2194,"depth":129,"text":2195},{"id":2201,"depth":129,"text":2202},{"id":2208,"depth":129,"text":2209},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2299},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",[2307,3904,5603,7293,9427,11617,13135,15299,17505,19962,21799,24362,26458,28739,30687,32597,34594,36034,37856,40379,42540,43769,45140,46787,49108,50952,52932,54620,55872,57561,59312,61275,63024,64948,66308,68259,69822,71813,73608,75508,77950,80028,82668,84697,86660,88848,90852,93165,94847,96292,97486,98664,100504,102944,104648,106663,108187,109432,110595,111977,114048,115945,117719,119585,121704,123444,124906,126500,128423,130100,132035,133524,136308,137885,139444,141472,143424,144887,146076,147962,149373,151069,152623,154045,155448,157346,159740,161571],{"id":2308,"title":2309,"body":2310,"description":3898,"extension":2300,"meta":3899,"navigation":132,"path":3900,"seo":3901,"stem":3902,"__hash__":3903},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2311,"toc":3870},[2312,2315,2322,2325,2336,2339,2341,2406,2408,2428,2433,2437,2442,2445,2460,2463,2488,2491,2493,2496,2512,2515,2541,2544,2602,2604,2619,2629,2640,2644,2647,2700,2702,2722,2725,2749,2756,2760,2765,2771,2773,2810,2812,2821,2828,2846,2849,2861,2865,2870,2874,2877,2898,2900,2958,2960,2968,2971,2975,3007,3009,3017,3020,3024,3029,3077,3079,3087,3091,3151,3153,3161,3164,3168,3172,3175,3198,3207,3222,3272,3274,3289,3300,3304,3307,3335,3341,3345,3350,3391,3393,3404,3407,3450,3452,3460,3464,3469,3491,3493,3502,3511,3515,3520,3542,3544,3615,3617,3667,3670,3673,3676,3756,3758,3789,3791,3795,3798,3802,3805,3809,3812,3816,3828,3832,3835,3837,3867],[10,2313,2309],{"id":2314},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2316,2317,2318,2321],{},"The ",[18,2319,2320],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2323,2324],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[29,2326,2327,2330,2333],{},[32,2328,2329],{},"a number without its negative sign",[32,2331,2332],{},"the distance between two numbers",[32,2334,2335],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2337,2338],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[49,2340,52],{"id":51},[54,2342,2344],{"className":56,"code":2343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[18,2345,2346,2365,2380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2347,2348,2350,2352,2355,2357,2360,2363],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2349,140],{"class":139},[63,2351,113],{"class":81},[63,2353,2354],{"class":139},"abs",[63,2356,113],{"class":81},[63,2358,2359],{"class":73},"-",[63,2361,2362],{"class":85},"7",[63,2364,100],{"class":81},[63,2366,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2378],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2368,140],{"class":139},[63,2370,113],{"class":81},[63,2372,2354],{"class":139},[63,2374,113],{"class":81},[63,2376,2377],{"class":85},"3.5",[63,2379,100],{"class":81},[63,2381,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390,2392,2395,2398,2400,2404],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2383,140],{"class":139},[63,2385,113],{"class":81},[63,2387,2354],{"class":139},[63,2389,113],{"class":81},[63,2391,2359],{"class":73},[63,2393,2394],{"class":85},"2",[63,2396,2397],{"class":73},"+",[63,2399,1248],{"class":85},[63,2401,2403],{"class":2402},"sbsja","j",[63,2405,100],{"class":81},[14,2407,163],{},[54,2409,2411],{"className":56,"code":2410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,2412,2413,2418,2423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2414,2415],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2416,2417],{"class":85},"7\n",[63,2419,2420],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2421,2422],{"class":85},"3.5\n",[63,2424,2425],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2426,2427],{"class":85},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2429,222,2430,2432],{},[18,2431,2320],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[49,2434,2436],{"id":2435},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2438,2439,2441],{},[18,2440,2320],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2443,2444],{},"That means:",[29,2446,2447,2450,2453],{},[32,2448,2449],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[32,2451,2452],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[32,2454,2455,2457,2458],{},[18,2456,687],{}," stays ",[18,2459,687],{},[14,2461,2462],{},"Examples:",[29,2464,2465,2473,2481],{},[32,2466,2467,2470,2471],{},[18,2468,2469],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,2472,661],{},[32,2474,2475,2470,2478],{},[18,2476,2477],{},"abs(9)",[18,2479,2480],{},"9",[32,2482,2483,2470,2486],{},[18,2484,2485],{},"abs(0)",[18,2487,687],{},[14,2489,2490],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[49,2492,263],{"id":262},[14,2494,2495],{},"The syntax is:",[54,2497,2499],{"className":56,"code":2498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(x)\n",[18,2500,2501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2502,2503,2505,2507,2510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2504,2354],{"class":139},[63,2506,113],{"class":81},[63,2508,2509],{"class":145},"x",[63,2511,126],{"class":81},[14,2513,2514],{},"Here:",[29,2516,2517,2533,2538],{},[32,2518,2519,2521,2522,2524,2525,2528,2529,2532],{},[18,2520,2509],{}," is usually an ",[18,2523,1039],{},", ",[18,2526,2527],{},"float",", or ",[18,2530,2531],{},"complex"," number",[32,2534,2535,2537],{},[18,2536,2320],{}," returns a new value",[32,2539,2540],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2542,2543],{},"Example:",[54,2545,2547],{"className":56,"code":2546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,2548,2549,2562,2578,2582,2592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2550,2551,2554,2556,2559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2552,2553],{"class":69},"number ",[63,2555,74],{"class":73},[63,2557,2558],{"class":73}," -",[63,2560,2561],{"class":85},"12\n",[63,2563,2564,2566,2568,2571,2573,2576],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2565,851],{"class":69},[63,2567,74],{"class":73},[63,2569,2570],{"class":139}," abs",[63,2572,113],{"class":81},[63,2574,2575],{"class":145},"number",[63,2577,126],{"class":81},[63,2579,2580],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2581,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,2583,2584,2586,2588,2590],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,2585,140],{"class":139},[63,2587,113],{"class":81},[63,2589,2575],{"class":145},[63,2591,126],{"class":81},[63,2593,2594,2596,2598,2600],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,2595,140],{"class":139},[63,2597,113],{"class":81},[63,2599,875],{"class":145},[63,2601,126],{"class":81},[14,2603,163],{},[54,2605,2607],{"className":56,"code":2606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-12\n12\n",[18,2608,2609,2615],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2610,2611,2613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2612,2359],{"class":73},[63,2614,2561],{"class":85},[63,2616,2617],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2618,2561],{"class":85},[14,2620,2621,2622,2624,2625,2628],{},"Notice that ",[18,2623,2575],{}," is still ",[18,2626,2627],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2630,2631,2632,2639],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[196,2633,2635,2638],{"href":2634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,2636,2637],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[49,2641,2643],{"id":2642},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2645,2646],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[54,2648,2650],{"className":56,"code":2649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,2651,2652,2668,2683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2653,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2655,140],{"class":139},[63,2657,113],{"class":81},[63,2659,2354],{"class":139},[63,2661,113],{"class":81},[63,2663,2359],{"class":73},[63,2665,741],{"class":85},[63,2667,100],{"class":81},[63,2669,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2681],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2671,140],{"class":139},[63,2673,113],{"class":81},[63,2675,2354],{"class":139},[63,2677,113],{"class":81},[63,2679,2680],{"class":85},"8",[63,2682,100],{"class":81},[63,2684,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695,2698],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2686,140],{"class":139},[63,2688,113],{"class":81},[63,2690,2354],{"class":139},[63,2692,113],{"class":81},[63,2694,2359],{"class":73},[63,2696,2697],{"class":85},"4.2",[63,2699,100],{"class":81},[14,2701,163],{},[54,2703,2705],{"className":56,"code":2704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,2706,2707,2712,2717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2708,2709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2710,2711],{"class":85},"10\n",[63,2713,2714],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2715,2716],{"class":85},"8\n",[63,2718,2719],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2720,2721],{"class":85},"4.2\n",[14,2723,2724],{},"What each line does:",[29,2726,2727,2735,2742],{},[32,2728,2729,2732,2733],{},[18,2730,2731],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,2734,741],{},[32,2736,2737,2732,2740],{},[18,2738,2739],{},"abs(8)",[18,2741,2680],{},[32,2743,2744,2732,2747],{},[18,2745,2746],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,2748,2697],{},[14,2750,2751,2752,259],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[196,2753,2755],{"href":2754},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[49,2757,2759],{"id":2758},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2761,2762,2764],{},[18,2763,2320],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2766,2767,2768,2770],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,2769,687],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2772,2543],{},[54,2774,2776],{"className":56,"code":2775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,2777,2778,2795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2779,2780,2783,2785,2787,2790,2792],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2781,2782],{"class":69},"value ",[63,2784,74],{"class":73},[63,2786,97],{"class":85},[63,2788,2789],{"class":73}," +",[63,2791,705],{"class":85},[63,2793,2794],{"class":2402},"j\n",[63,2796,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2808],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2798,140],{"class":139},[63,2800,113],{"class":81},[63,2802,2354],{"class":139},[63,2804,113],{"class":81},[63,2806,2807],{"class":145},"value",[63,2809,100],{"class":81},[14,2811,163],{},[54,2813,2815],{"className":56,"code":2814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n",[18,2816,2817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2818,2819],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2820,2814],{"class":85},[14,2822,2823,2824,2827],{},"Why ",[18,2825,2826],{},"5.0","?",[29,2829,2830,2835,2841],{},[32,2831,2832,2833],{},"the real part is ",[18,2834,1248],{},[32,2836,2837,2838],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,2839,2840],{},"4",[32,2842,2843,2844],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,2845,2826],{},[14,2847,2848],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[29,2850,2851,2858],{},[32,2852,2853,2855,2856],{},[18,2854,2320],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,2857,2527],{},[32,2859,2860],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[49,2862,2864],{"id":2863},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2866,2867,2868,259],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,2869,2320],{},[486,2871,2873],{"id":2872},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2875,2876],{},"A very common pattern is:",[54,2878,2880],{"className":56,"code":2879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,2881,2882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2883,2884,2886,2888,2891,2893,2896],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2885,2354],{"class":139},[63,2887,113],{"class":81},[63,2889,2890],{"class":145},"a ",[63,2892,2359],{"class":73},[63,2894,2895],{"class":145}," b",[63,2897,126],{"class":81},[14,2899,2543],{},[54,2901,2903],{"className":56,"code":2902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,2904,2905,2914,2924,2928,2947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2906,2907,2909,2911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2908,2890],{"class":69},[63,2910,74],{"class":73},[63,2912,2913],{"class":85}," 3\n",[63,2915,2916,2919,2921],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2917,2918],{"class":69},"b ",[63,2920,74],{"class":73},[63,2922,2923],{"class":85}," 10\n",[63,2925,2926],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,2927,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,2929,2930,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,2931,2932],{"class":69},"distance ",[63,2934,74],{"class":73},[63,2936,2570],{"class":139},[63,2938,113],{"class":81},[63,2940,2890],{"class":145},[63,2942,2359],{"class":73},[63,2944,2895],{"class":145},[63,2946,126],{"class":81},[63,2948,2949,2951,2953,2956],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,2950,140],{"class":139},[63,2952,113],{"class":81},[63,2954,2955],{"class":145},"distance",[63,2957,126],{"class":81},[14,2959,163],{},[54,2961,2962],{"className":56,"code":2417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,2963,2964],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2965,2966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2967,2417],{"class":85},[14,2969,2970],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[486,2972,2974],{"id":2973},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[54,2976,2978],{"className":56,"code":2977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,2979,2980,2992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,2981,2982,2985,2987,2989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,2983,2984],{"class":69},"temperature_change ",[63,2986,74],{"class":73},[63,2988,2558],{"class":73},[63,2990,2991],{"class":85},"6\n",[63,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3005],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,2995,140],{"class":139},[63,2997,113],{"class":81},[63,2999,2354],{"class":139},[63,3001,113],{"class":81},[63,3003,3004],{"class":145},"temperature_change",[63,3006,100],{"class":81},[14,3008,163],{},[54,3010,3011],{"className":56,"code":2991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,3012,3013],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3014,3015],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3016,2991],{"class":85},[14,3018,3019],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[486,3021,3023],{"id":3022},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3025,3026,3027,2639],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,3028,2320],{},[54,3030,3032],{"className":56,"code":3031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,3033,3034,3046,3062,3066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3035,3036,3039,3041,3043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3037,3038],{"class":69},"balance_change ",[63,3040,74],{"class":73},[63,3042,2558],{"class":73},[63,3044,3045],{"class":85},"25\n",[63,3047,3048,3051,3053,3055,3057,3060],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3049,3050],{"class":69},"safe_value ",[63,3052,74],{"class":73},[63,3054,2570],{"class":139},[63,3056,113],{"class":81},[63,3058,3059],{"class":145},"balance_change",[63,3061,126],{"class":81},[63,3063,3064],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3065,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,3067,3068,3070,3072,3075],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,3069,140],{"class":139},[63,3071,113],{"class":81},[63,3073,3074],{"class":145},"safe_value",[63,3076,126],{"class":81},[14,3078,163],{},[54,3080,3081],{"className":56,"code":3045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,3082,3083],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3084,3085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3086,3045],{"class":85},[486,3088,3090],{"id":3089},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[54,3092,3094],{"className":56,"code":3093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,3095,3096,3106,3116,3120,3140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3097,3098,3101,3103],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3099,3100],{"class":69},"guess ",[63,3102,74],{"class":73},[63,3104,3105],{"class":85}," 42\n",[63,3107,3108,3111,3113],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3109,3110],{"class":69},"target ",[63,3112,74],{"class":73},[63,3114,3115],{"class":85}," 50\n",[63,3117,3118],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3119,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,3121,3122,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133,3135,3138],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,3123,3124],{"class":69},"difference ",[63,3126,74],{"class":73},[63,3128,2570],{"class":139},[63,3130,113],{"class":81},[63,3132,3100],{"class":145},[63,3134,2359],{"class":73},[63,3136,3137],{"class":145}," target",[63,3139,126],{"class":81},[63,3141,3142,3144,3146,3149],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,3143,140],{"class":139},[63,3145,113],{"class":81},[63,3147,3148],{"class":145},"difference",[63,3150,126],{"class":81},[14,3152,163],{},[54,3154,3155],{"className":56,"code":2716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,3156,3157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3158,3159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3160,2716],{"class":85},[14,3162,3163],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[49,3165,3167],{"id":3166},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[486,3169,3171],{"id":3170},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3173,3174],{},"This causes an error:",[54,3176,3178],{"className":56,"code":3177,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,3179,3180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3181,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3183,140],{"class":139},[63,3185,113],{"class":81},[63,3187,2354],{"class":139},[63,3189,113],{"class":81},[63,3191,117],{"class":116},[63,3193,661],{"class":120},[63,3195,117],{"class":116},[63,3197,100],{"class":81},[14,3199,3200,3203,3204,3206],{},[18,3201,3202],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,3205,2320],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3208,3209,3210,1725,3216,821],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[196,3211,3213],{"href":3212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,3214,3215],{},"int()",[196,3217,3219],{"href":3218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,3220,3221],{},"float()",[54,3223,3225],{"className":56,"code":3224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,3226,3227,3249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3228,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237,3239,3241,3243,3245,3247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3230,140],{"class":139},[63,3232,113],{"class":81},[63,3234,2354],{"class":139},[63,3236,113],{"class":81},[63,3238,1039],{"class":77},[63,3240,113],{"class":81},[63,3242,117],{"class":116},[63,3244,661],{"class":120},[63,3246,117],{"class":116},[63,3248,1965],{"class":81},[63,3250,3251,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261,3263,3265,3268,3270],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3252,140],{"class":139},[63,3254,113],{"class":81},[63,3256,2354],{"class":139},[63,3258,113],{"class":81},[63,3260,2527],{"class":77},[63,3262,113],{"class":81},[63,3264,117],{"class":116},[63,3266,3267],{"class":120},"-3.2",[63,3269,117],{"class":116},[63,3271,1965],{"class":81},[14,3273,163],{},[54,3275,3277],{"className":56,"code":3276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n3.2\n",[18,3278,3279,3284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3280,3281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3282,3283],{"class":85},"5\n",[63,3285,3286],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3287,3288],{"class":85},"3.2\n",[14,3290,3291,3292,3295,3296,259],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,3293,3294],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[196,3297,3299],{"href":3298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[486,3301,3303],{"id":3302},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3305,3306],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[54,3308,3310],{"className":56,"code":3309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,3311,3312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3313,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330,3332],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3315,140],{"class":139},[63,3317,113],{"class":81},[63,3319,2354],{"class":139},[63,3321,2071],{"class":81},[63,3323,86],{"class":85},[63,3325,89],{"class":81},[63,3327,92],{"class":85},[63,3329,89],{"class":81},[63,3331,97],{"class":85},[63,3333,3334],{"class":81},"]))\n",[14,3336,3337,3338,3340],{},"This raises a ",[18,3339,1032],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[486,3342,3344],{"id":3343},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3346,3347,3349],{},[18,3348,2320],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[54,3351,3353],{"className":56,"code":3352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3354,3355,3367,3377,3381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3356,3357,3360,3362,3364],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3358,3359],{"class":69},"x ",[63,3361,74],{"class":73},[63,3363,2558],{"class":73},[63,3365,3366],{"class":85},"9\n",[63,3368,3369,3371,3373,3375],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3370,2354],{"class":139},[63,3372,113],{"class":81},[63,3374,2509],{"class":145},[63,3376,126],{"class":81},[63,3378,3379],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3380,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,3382,3383,3385,3387,3389],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,3384,140],{"class":139},[63,3386,113],{"class":81},[63,3388,2509],{"class":145},[63,3390,126],{"class":81},[14,3392,163],{},[54,3394,3396],{"className":56,"code":3395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-9\n",[18,3397,3398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3399,3400,3402],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3401,2359],{"class":73},[63,3403,3366],{"class":85},[14,3405,3406],{},"If you want to store the result:",[54,3408,3410],{"className":56,"code":3409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,3411,3412,3422,3436,3440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3413,3414,3416,3418,3420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3415,3359],{"class":69},[63,3417,74],{"class":73},[63,3419,2558],{"class":73},[63,3421,3366],{"class":85},[63,3423,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3425,3359],{"class":69},[63,3427,74],{"class":73},[63,3429,2570],{"class":139},[63,3431,113],{"class":81},[63,3433,2509],{"class":145},[63,3435,126],{"class":81},[63,3437,3438],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3439,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,3441,3442,3444,3446,3448],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,3443,140],{"class":139},[63,3445,113],{"class":81},[63,3447,2509],{"class":145},[63,3449,126],{"class":81},[14,3451,163],{},[54,3453,3454],{"className":56,"code":3366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,3455,3456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3457,3458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3459,3366],{"class":85},[486,3461,3463],{"id":3462},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3465,3466,3468],{},[18,3467,2320],{}," does not round numbers.",[54,3470,3472],{"className":56,"code":3471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,3473,3474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3475,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3477,140],{"class":139},[63,3479,113],{"class":81},[63,3481,2354],{"class":139},[63,3483,113],{"class":81},[63,3485,2359],{"class":73},[63,3487,3488],{"class":85},"4.7",[63,3490,100],{"class":81},[14,3492,163],{},[54,3494,3496],{"className":56,"code":3495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.7\n",[18,3497,3498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3499,3500],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3501,3495],{"class":85},[14,3503,3504,3505,3507,3508,3510],{},"If you expected ",[18,3506,661],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,3509,2320],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[49,3512,3514],{"id":3513},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3516,3517,3519],{},[18,3518,2320],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[29,3521,3522,3529,3536],{},[32,3523,3524,3526,3527],{},[18,3525,1039],{}," input → returns an ",[18,3528,1039],{},[32,3530,3531,3533,3534],{},[18,3532,2527],{}," input → returns a ",[18,3535,2527],{},[32,3537,3538,3533,3540],{},[18,3539,2531],{},[18,3541,2527],{},[14,3543,2543],{},[54,3545,3547],{"className":56,"code":3546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,3548,3549,3570,3591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3550,3551,3553,3555,3558,3560,3562,3564,3566,3568],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3552,140],{"class":139},[63,3554,113],{"class":81},[63,3556,3557],{"class":77},"type",[63,3559,113],{"class":81},[63,3561,2354],{"class":139},[63,3563,113],{"class":81},[63,3565,2359],{"class":73},[63,3567,661],{"class":85},[63,3569,1965],{"class":81},[63,3571,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584,3586,3589],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3573,140],{"class":139},[63,3575,113],{"class":81},[63,3577,3557],{"class":77},[63,3579,113],{"class":81},[63,3581,2354],{"class":139},[63,3583,113],{"class":81},[63,3585,2359],{"class":73},[63,3587,3588],{"class":85},"3.2",[63,3590,1965],{"class":81},[63,3592,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611,3613],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3594,140],{"class":139},[63,3596,113],{"class":81},[63,3598,3557],{"class":77},[63,3600,113],{"class":81},[63,3602,2354],{"class":139},[63,3604,113],{"class":81},[63,3606,1248],{"class":85},[63,3608,2789],{"class":73},[63,3610,705],{"class":85},[63,3612,2403],{"class":2402},[63,3614,1965],{"class":81},[14,3616,163],{},[54,3618,3620],{"className":56,"code":3619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,3621,3622,3639,3653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3623,3624,3627,3630,3632,3634,3636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3625,3626],{"class":73},"\u003C",[63,3628,3629],{"class":2402},"class",[63,3631,203],{"class":116},[63,3633,1039],{"class":120},[63,3635,193],{"class":116},[63,3637,3638],{"class":73},">\n",[63,3640,3641,3643,3645,3647,3649,3651],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3642,3626],{"class":73},[63,3644,3629],{"class":2402},[63,3646,203],{"class":116},[63,3648,2527],{"class":120},[63,3650,193],{"class":116},[63,3652,3638],{"class":73},[63,3654,3655,3657,3659,3661,3663,3665],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3656,3626],{"class":73},[63,3658,3629],{"class":2402},[63,3660,203],{"class":116},[63,3662,2527],{"class":120},[63,3664,193],{"class":116},[63,3666,3638],{"class":73},[14,3668,3669],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3671,3672],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3674,3675],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[54,3677,3679],{"className":56,"code":3678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,3680,3681,3695,3705,3719,3723,3737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3682,3683,3685,3687,3689,3692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3684,2782],{"class":69},[63,3686,74],{"class":73},[63,3688,824],{"class":116},[63,3690,3691],{"class":120},"-5",[63,3693,3694],{"class":116},"\"\n",[63,3696,3697,3699,3701,3703],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3698,140],{"class":139},[63,3700,113],{"class":81},[63,3702,2807],{"class":145},[63,3704,126],{"class":81},[63,3706,3707,3709,3711,3713,3715,3717],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3708,140],{"class":139},[63,3710,113],{"class":81},[63,3712,3557],{"class":77},[63,3714,113],{"class":81},[63,3716,2807],{"class":145},[63,3718,100],{"class":81},[63,3720,3721],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,3722,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,3724,3725,3728,3730,3732,3735],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,3726,3727],{"class":69},"user_input ",[63,3729,74],{"class":73},[63,3731,824],{"class":116},[63,3733,3734],{"class":120},"-3.7",[63,3736,3694],{"class":116},[63,3738,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747,3749,3751,3754],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,3740,140],{"class":139},[63,3742,113],{"class":81},[63,3744,2354],{"class":139},[63,3746,113],{"class":81},[63,3748,2527],{"class":77},[63,3750,113],{"class":81},[63,3752,3753],{"class":145},"user_input",[63,3755,1965],{"class":81},[14,3757,163],{},[54,3759,3761],{"className":56,"code":3760,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,3762,3763,3769,3784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3764,3765,3767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3766,2359],{"class":73},[63,3768,3283],{"class":85},[63,3770,3771,3773,3775,3777,3780,3782],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3772,3626],{"class":73},[63,3774,3629],{"class":2402},[63,3776,203],{"class":116},[63,3778,3779],{"class":120},"str",[63,3781,193],{"class":116},[63,3783,3638],{"class":73},[63,3785,3786],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3787,3788],{"class":85},"3.7\n",[49,3790,2165],{"id":2164},[486,3792,3794],{"id":3793},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3796,3797],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[486,3799,3801],{"id":3800},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3803,3804],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[486,3806,3808],{"id":3807},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3810,3811],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[486,3813,3815],{"id":3814},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3817,3818,3820,3821,1725,3823,3825,3826,259],{},[18,3819,3294],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,3822,3215],{},[18,3824,3221],{}," before using ",[18,3827,2320],{},[486,3829,3831],{"id":3830},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3833,3834],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[49,3836,2219],{"id":2218},[29,3838,3839,3846,3852,3858,3863],{},[32,3840,3841],{},[196,3842,3843,3845],{"href":3212},[18,3844,3215],{}," function explained",[32,3847,3848],{},[196,3849,3850,3845],{"href":3218},[18,3851,3221],{},[32,3853,3854],{},[196,3855,3856,3845],{"href":2634},[18,3857,2637],{},[32,3859,3860],{},[196,3861,3862],{"href":3298},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[32,3864,3865],{},[196,3866,2755],{"href":2754},[2259,3868,3869],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":3871},[3872,3873,3874,3875,3876,3877,3883,3889,3890,3897],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":2435,"depth":103,"text":2436},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":2642,"depth":103,"text":2643},{"id":2758,"depth":103,"text":2759},{"id":2863,"depth":103,"text":2864,"children":3878},[3879,3880,3881,3882],{"id":2872,"depth":129,"text":2873},{"id":2973,"depth":129,"text":2974},{"id":3022,"depth":129,"text":3023},{"id":3089,"depth":129,"text":3090},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":3884},[3885,3886,3887,3888],{"id":3170,"depth":129,"text":3171},{"id":3302,"depth":129,"text":3303},{"id":3343,"depth":129,"text":3344},{"id":3462,"depth":129,"text":3463},{"id":3513,"depth":103,"text":3514},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":3891},[3892,3893,3894,3895,3896],{"id":3793,"depth":129,"text":3794},{"id":3800,"depth":129,"text":3801},{"id":3807,"depth":129,"text":3808},{"id":3814,"depth":129,"text":3815},{"id":3830,"depth":129,"text":3831},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2309,"description":3898},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3905,"title":3906,"body":3907,"description":5597,"extension":2300,"meta":5598,"navigation":132,"path":5599,"seo":5600,"stem":5601,"__hash__":5602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3908,"toc":5561},[3909,3917,3923,3926,3943,3947,4001,4011,4018,4022,4041,4044,4060,4063,4067,4075,4092,4095,4134,4137,4144,4150,4223,4225,4256,4262,4266,4270,4309,4311,4320,4327,4331,4370,4372,4380,4390,4394,4448,4450,4458,4461,4464,4511,4513,4521,4527,4534,4539,4542,4545,4612,4614,4622,4625,4692,4694,4702,4716,4719,4731,4735,4741,4744,4746,4762,4764,4772,4775,4778,4781,4798,4801,4804,4834,4836,4849,4851,4855,4857,4871,4876,4879,4906,4913,4916,4956,4963,4969,4977,4980,5032,5039,5103,5108,5117,5120,5138,5144,5147,5289,5295,5300,5303,5314,5317,5371,5373,5381,5384,5441,5443,5451,5454,5464,5466,5473,5482,5491,5494,5501,5504,5512,5525,5527,5558],[10,3910,3912,3913,3916],{"id":3911},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3914,3915],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3918,3919,3920,3922],{},"Python’s ",[18,3921,3915],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3924,3925],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[29,3927,3928,3931,3934],{},[32,3929,3930],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[32,3932,3933],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[32,3935,3936,2732,3939,3942],{},[18,3937,3938],{},"all([])",[18,3940,3941],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[49,3944,3946],{"id":3945},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[54,3948,3950],{"className":56,"code":3949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3951,3952,3972,3987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,3953,3954,3956,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,3955,70],{"class":69},[63,3957,74],{"class":73},[63,3959,1091],{"class":81},[63,3961,86],{"class":85},[63,3963,89],{"class":81},[63,3965,92],{"class":85},[63,3967,89],{"class":81},[63,3969,97],{"class":85},[63,3971,186],{"class":81},[63,3973,3974,3976,3978,3981,3983,3985],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,3975,851],{"class":69},[63,3977,74],{"class":73},[63,3979,3980],{"class":139}," all",[63,3982,113],{"class":81},[63,3984,146],{"class":145},[63,3986,126],{"class":81},[63,3988,3989,3991,3993,3995,3998],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,3990,140],{"class":139},[63,3992,113],{"class":81},[63,3994,875],{"class":145},[63,3996,3997],{"class":81},")",[63,3999,4000],{"class":1910},"  # True\n",[14,4002,4003,2732,4005,4007,4008,259],{},[18,4004,3915],{},[18,4006,3941],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,4009,4010],{},"False",[49,4012,4014,4015,4017],{"id":4013},"what-all-does","What ",[18,4016,3915],{}," does",[14,4019,4020,821],{},[18,4021,3915],{},[29,4023,4024,4027,4033,4038],{},[32,4025,4026],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[32,4028,4029,4030,4032],{},"returns ",[18,4031,3941],{}," if all items are truthy",[32,4034,4029,4035,4037],{},[18,4036,4010],{}," if any item is falsy",[32,4039,4040],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4042,4043],{},"Basic syntax:",[54,4045,4047],{"className":56,"code":4046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all(iterable)\n",[18,4048,4049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4050,4051,4054,4056,4058],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4052,4053],{"class":139},"all",[63,4055,113],{"class":81},[63,4057,288],{"class":145},[63,4059,126],{"class":81},[14,4061,4062],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[49,4064,4066],{"id":4065},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4068,4069,4070,1725,4072,4074],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,4071,3941],{},[18,4073,4010],{}," in conditions.",[29,4076,4077,4085],{},[32,4078,4079,4082,4083],{},[1217,4080,4081],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,4084,3941],{},[32,4086,4087,4082,4090],{},[1217,4088,4089],{},"Falsy",[18,4091,4010],{},[14,4093,4094],{},"Common falsy values include:",[29,4096,4097,4101,4106,4111,4116,4120,4124,4129],{},[32,4098,4099],{},[18,4100,687],{},[32,4102,4103],{},[18,4104,4105],{},"0.0",[32,4107,4108],{},[18,4109,4110],{},"''",[32,4112,4113],{},[18,4114,4115],{},"None",[32,4117,4118],{},[18,4119,4010],{},[32,4121,4122],{},[18,4123,479],{},[32,4125,4126],{},[18,4127,4128],{},"{}",[32,4130,4131],{},[18,4132,4133],{},"set()",[14,4135,4136],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4138,4139,4140,259],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[196,4141,4143],{"href":4142},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4145,4146,4147,821],{},"You can test this with ",[18,4148,4149],{},"bool()",[54,4151,4153],{"className":56,"code":4152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,4154,4155,4190,4194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4156,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4170,4172,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4188],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4158,731],{"class":69},[63,4160,74],{"class":73},[63,4162,1091],{"class":81},[63,4164,86],{"class":85},[63,4166,89],{"class":81},[63,4168,4169],{"class":85}," 0",[63,4171,89],{"class":81},[63,4173,4174],{"class":116}," ''",[63,4176,89],{"class":81},[63,4178,203],{"class":116},[63,4180,1995],{"class":120},[63,4182,193],{"class":116},[63,4184,89],{"class":81},[63,4186,4187],{"class":1205}," None",[63,4189,186],{"class":81},[63,4191,4192],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4193,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,4195,4196,4198,4200,4203,4205,4207,4209,4212,4215,4218,4221],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,4197,140],{"class":139},[63,4199,2071],{"class":81},[63,4201,4202],{"class":77},"bool",[63,4204,113],{"class":81},[63,4206,2509],{"class":145},[63,4208,3997],{"class":81},[63,4210,4211],{"class":1155}," for",[63,4213,4214],{"class":145}," x ",[63,4216,4217],{"class":1155},"in",[63,4219,4220],{"class":145}," values",[63,4222,2080],{"class":81},[14,4224,163],{},[54,4226,4228],{"className":56,"code":4227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,4229,4230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4231,4232,4234,4236,4238,4241,4243,4245,4247,4250,4252,4254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4233,173],{"class":81},[63,4235,3941],{"class":1205},[63,4237,89],{"class":81},[63,4239,4240],{"class":1205}," False",[63,4242,89],{"class":81},[63,4244,4240],{"class":1205},[63,4246,89],{"class":81},[63,4248,4249],{"class":1205}," True",[63,4251,89],{"class":81},[63,4253,4240],{"class":1205},[63,4255,186],{"class":81},[14,4257,4258,4259,4261],{},"This matters because ",[18,4260,3915],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[49,4263,4265],{"id":4264},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[486,4267,4269],{"id":4268},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[54,4271,4273],{"className":56,"code":4272,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4274,4275,4295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4276,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4278,70],{"class":69},[63,4280,74],{"class":73},[63,4282,1091],{"class":81},[63,4284,86],{"class":85},[63,4286,89],{"class":81},[63,4288,92],{"class":85},[63,4290,89],{"class":81},[63,4292,97],{"class":85},[63,4294,186],{"class":81},[63,4296,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4298,140],{"class":139},[63,4300,113],{"class":81},[63,4302,4053],{"class":139},[63,4304,113],{"class":81},[63,4306,146],{"class":145},[63,4308,100],{"class":81},[14,4310,163],{},[54,4312,4314],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n",[18,4315,4316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4317,4318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4319,4313],{"class":1205},[14,4321,4322,4323,2732,4325,259],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,4324,3915],{},[18,4326,3941],{},[486,4328,4330],{"id":4329},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[54,4332,4334],{"className":56,"code":4333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4335,4336,4356],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4339,70],{"class":69},[63,4341,74],{"class":73},[63,4343,1091],{"class":81},[63,4345,86],{"class":85},[63,4347,89],{"class":81},[63,4349,4169],{"class":85},[63,4351,89],{"class":81},[63,4353,97],{"class":85},[63,4355,186],{"class":81},[63,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4359,140],{"class":139},[63,4361,113],{"class":81},[63,4363,4053],{"class":139},[63,4365,113],{"class":81},[63,4367,146],{"class":145},[63,4369,100],{"class":81},[14,4371,163],{},[54,4373,4374],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4375,4376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4377,4378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4379,1206],{"class":1205},[14,4381,4382,4383,4385,4386,2732,4388,259],{},"The value ",[18,4384,687],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,4387,3915],{},[18,4389,4010],{},[486,4391,4393],{"id":4392},"example-strings","Example: strings",[54,4395,4397],{"className":56,"code":4396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4398,4399,4433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4400,4401,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4429,4431],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4402,4403],{"class":69},"words ",[63,4405,74],{"class":73},[63,4407,1091],{"class":81},[63,4409,193],{"class":116},[63,4411,408],{"class":120},[63,4413,193],{"class":116},[63,4415,89],{"class":81},[63,4417,203],{"class":116},[63,4419,427],{"class":120},[63,4421,193],{"class":116},[63,4423,89],{"class":81},[63,4425,203],{"class":116},[63,4427,4428],{"class":120},"cherry",[63,4430,193],{"class":116},[63,4432,186],{"class":81},[63,4434,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4446],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4436,140],{"class":139},[63,4438,113],{"class":81},[63,4440,4053],{"class":139},[63,4442,113],{"class":81},[63,4444,4445],{"class":145},"words",[63,4447,100],{"class":81},[14,4449,163],{},[54,4451,4452],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4453,4454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4455,4456],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4457,4313],{"class":1205},[14,4459,4460],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4462,4463],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[54,4465,4467],{"className":56,"code":4466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,4468,4469,4497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4470,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4472,4403],{"class":69},[63,4474,74],{"class":73},[63,4476,1091],{"class":81},[63,4478,193],{"class":116},[63,4480,408],{"class":120},[63,4482,193],{"class":116},[63,4484,89],{"class":81},[63,4486,4174],{"class":116},[63,4488,89],{"class":81},[63,4490,203],{"class":116},[63,4492,4428],{"class":120},[63,4494,193],{"class":116},[63,4496,186],{"class":81},[63,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4500,140],{"class":139},[63,4502,113],{"class":81},[63,4504,4053],{"class":139},[63,4506,113],{"class":81},[63,4508,4445],{"class":145},[63,4510,100],{"class":81},[14,4512,163],{},[54,4514,4515],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4516,4517],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4518,4519],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4520,1206],{"class":1205},[14,4522,4523,4524,4526],{},"The empty string ",[18,4525,4110],{}," is falsy.",[49,4528,4530,4531,4533],{"id":4529},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,4532,3915],{}," works with conditions",[14,4535,4536,4538],{},[18,4537,3915],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4540,4541],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4543,4544],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[54,4546,4548],{"className":56,"code":4547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4549,4550,4570,4598,4602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4551,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4553,70],{"class":69},[63,4555,74],{"class":73},[63,4557,1091],{"class":81},[63,4559,86],{"class":85},[63,4561,89],{"class":81},[63,4563,92],{"class":85},[63,4565,89],{"class":81},[63,4567,97],{"class":85},[63,4569,186],{"class":81},[63,4571,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4596],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4573,851],{"class":69},[63,4575,74],{"class":73},[63,4577,3980],{"class":139},[63,4579,113],{"class":81},[63,4581,3359],{"class":145},[63,4583,4584],{"class":73},">",[63,4586,4169],{"class":85},[63,4588,4211],{"class":1155},[63,4590,4214],{"class":145},[63,4592,4217],{"class":1155},[63,4594,4595],{"class":145}," numbers",[63,4597,126],{"class":81},[63,4599,4600],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,4601,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,4603,4604,4606,4608,4610],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,4605,140],{"class":139},[63,4607,113],{"class":81},[63,4609,875],{"class":145},[63,4611,126],{"class":81},[14,4613,163],{},[54,4615,4616],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4617,4618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4619,4620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4621,4313],{"class":1205},[14,4623,4624],{},"Here is one that fails:",[54,4626,4628],{"className":56,"code":4627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,4629,4630,4652,4678,4682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4631,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4633,70],{"class":69},[63,4635,74],{"class":73},[63,4637,1091],{"class":81},[63,4639,86],{"class":85},[63,4641,89],{"class":81},[63,4643,2558],{"class":73},[63,4645,2394],{"class":85},[63,4647,89],{"class":81},[63,4649,97],{"class":85},[63,4651,186],{"class":81},[63,4653,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4655,851],{"class":69},[63,4657,74],{"class":73},[63,4659,3980],{"class":139},[63,4661,113],{"class":81},[63,4663,3359],{"class":145},[63,4665,4584],{"class":73},[63,4667,4169],{"class":85},[63,4669,4211],{"class":1155},[63,4671,4214],{"class":145},[63,4673,4217],{"class":1155},[63,4675,4595],{"class":145},[63,4677,126],{"class":81},[63,4679,4680],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,4681,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,4683,4684,4686,4688,4690],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,4685,140],{"class":139},[63,4687,113],{"class":81},[63,4689,875],{"class":145},[63,4691,126],{"class":81},[14,4693,163],{},[54,4695,4696],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4697,4698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4699,4700],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4701,1206],{"class":1205},[14,4703,4704,4705,4708,4709,4711,4712,2732,4714,259],{},"The expression ",[18,4706,4707],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,4710,3941],{},", then ",[18,4713,3915],{},[18,4715,3941],{},[14,4717,4718],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4720,4721,4722,4726,4727,259],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[196,4723,4725],{"href":4724},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[196,4728,4730],{"href":4729},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[49,4732,4734],{"id":4733},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4736,4737,2732,4739,259],{},[18,4738,3938],{},[18,4740,3941],{},[14,4742,4743],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4745,2543],{},[54,4747,4749],{"className":56,"code":4748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))\n",[18,4750,4751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4752,4753,4755,4757,4759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4754,140],{"class":139},[63,4756,113],{"class":81},[63,4758,4053],{"class":139},[63,4760,4761],{"class":81},"([]))\n",[14,4763,163],{},[54,4765,4766],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4767,4768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4769,4770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4771,4313],{"class":1205},[14,4773,4774],{},"Why?",[14,4776,4777],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4779,4780],{},"Think of it this way:",[29,4782,4783,4790,4793],{},[32,4784,4785,2732,4787,4789],{},[18,4786,3915],{},[18,4788,4010],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[32,4791,4792],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[32,4794,4795,4796],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,4797,4010],{},[14,4799,4800],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4802,4803],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[54,4805,4807],{"className":56,"code":4806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,4808,4809,4820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4810,4811,4813,4815,4817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4812,140],{"class":139},[63,4814,113],{"class":81},[63,4816,4053],{"class":139},[63,4818,4819],{"class":81},"(()))\n",[63,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4823,140],{"class":139},[63,4825,113],{"class":81},[63,4827,4053],{"class":139},[63,4829,113],{"class":81},[63,4831,4110],{"class":116},[63,4833,100],{"class":81},[14,4835,163],{},[54,4837,4839],{"className":56,"code":4838,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\n",[18,4840,4841,4845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4842,4843],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4844,4313],{"class":1205},[63,4846,4847],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4848,4313],{"class":1205},[49,4850,1888],{"id":1887},[486,4852,4854],{"id":4853},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4856,1900],{},[54,4858,4860],{"className":56,"code":4859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4861,4862,4866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4863,4864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4865,1911],{"class":1910},[63,4867,4868],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4869,4870],{"class":1910},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4872,4873,4875],{},[18,4874,3915],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4877,4878],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[54,4880,4882],{"className":56,"code":4881,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4883,4884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4885,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902,4904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4887,140],{"class":139},[63,4889,113],{"class":81},[63,4891,4053],{"class":139},[63,4893,2071],{"class":81},[63,4895,86],{"class":85},[63,4897,89],{"class":81},[63,4899,92],{"class":85},[63,4901,89],{"class":81},[63,4903,97],{"class":85},[63,4905,3334],{"class":81},[486,4907,4909,4910,4912],{"id":4908},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4911,3915],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4914,4915],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[54,4917,4919],{"className":56,"code":4918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4920,4921,4942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4922,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4936,4938,4940],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4924,70],{"class":69},[63,4926,74],{"class":73},[63,4928,1091],{"class":81},[63,4930,661],{"class":85},[63,4932,89],{"class":81},[63,4934,4935],{"class":85}," 5",[63,4937,89],{"class":81},[63,4939,4935],{"class":85},[63,4941,186],{"class":81},[63,4943,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,4945,140],{"class":139},[63,4947,113],{"class":81},[63,4949,4053],{"class":139},[63,4951,113],{"class":81},[63,4953,146],{"class":145},[63,4955,100],{"class":81},[14,4957,4958,4959,4962],{},"This does ",[1217,4960,4961],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4964,4965,4966,4968],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4967,661],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[54,4970,4971],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,4972,4973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4974,4975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4976,4313],{"class":1205},[14,4978,4979],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[54,4981,4983],{"className":56,"code":4982,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4984,4985,5005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,4986,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,4988,70],{"class":69},[63,4990,74],{"class":73},[63,4992,1091],{"class":81},[63,4994,661],{"class":85},[63,4996,89],{"class":81},[63,4998,4935],{"class":85},[63,5000,89],{"class":81},[63,5002,4935],{"class":85},[63,5004,186],{"class":81},[63,5006,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5008,140],{"class":139},[63,5010,113],{"class":81},[63,5012,4053],{"class":139},[63,5014,113],{"class":81},[63,5016,3359],{"class":145},[63,5018,5019],{"class":73},"==",[63,5021,4935],{"class":85},[63,5023,4211],{"class":1155},[63,5025,4214],{"class":145},[63,5027,4217],{"class":1155},[63,5029,4595],{"class":145},[63,5031,100],{"class":81},[486,5033,5035,5036,5038],{"id":5034},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,5037,687],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[54,5040,5042],{"className":56,"code":5041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,5043,5044,5070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5045,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5067],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5047,140],{"class":139},[63,5049,113],{"class":81},[63,5051,4053],{"class":139},[63,5053,2071],{"class":81},[63,5055,86],{"class":85},[63,5057,89],{"class":81},[63,5059,92],{"class":85},[63,5061,89],{"class":81},[63,5063,4169],{"class":85},[63,5065,5066],{"class":81},"]))",[63,5068,5069],{"class":1910},"       # False\n",[63,5071,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5073,140],{"class":139},[63,5075,113],{"class":81},[63,5077,4053],{"class":139},[63,5079,2071],{"class":81},[63,5081,193],{"class":116},[63,5083,196],{"class":120},[63,5085,193],{"class":116},[63,5087,89],{"class":81},[63,5089,203],{"class":116},[63,5091,206],{"class":120},[63,5093,193],{"class":116},[63,5095,89],{"class":81},[63,5097,4174],{"class":116},[63,5099,5066],{"class":81},[63,5101,5102],{"class":1910},"  # False\n",[14,5104,5105,5106,259],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,5107,4010],{},[486,5109,5111,5112,5114,5115],{"id":5110},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,5113,3938],{}," is ",[18,5116,3941],{},[14,5118,5119],{},"This is expected behavior:",[54,5121,5123],{"className":56,"code":5122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,5124,5125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5126,5127,5129,5131,5133,5136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5128,140],{"class":139},[63,5130,113],{"class":81},[63,5132,4053],{"class":139},[63,5134,5135],{"class":81},"([]))",[63,5137,4000],{"class":1910},[14,5139,5140,5141,5143],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,5142,3941],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5145,5146],{},"Useful quick tests:",[54,5148,5150],{"className":56,"code":5149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,5151,5152,5174,5196,5243,5279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5153,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5155,140],{"class":139},[63,5157,113],{"class":81},[63,5159,4053],{"class":139},[63,5161,2071],{"class":81},[63,5163,86],{"class":85},[63,5165,89],{"class":81},[63,5167,92],{"class":85},[63,5169,89],{"class":81},[63,5171,97],{"class":85},[63,5173,3334],{"class":81},[63,5175,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5177,140],{"class":139},[63,5179,113],{"class":81},[63,5181,4053],{"class":139},[63,5183,2071],{"class":81},[63,5185,86],{"class":85},[63,5187,89],{"class":81},[63,5189,4169],{"class":85},[63,5191,89],{"class":81},[63,5193,97],{"class":85},[63,5195,3334],{"class":81},[63,5197,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,5199,140],{"class":139},[63,5201,2071],{"class":81},[63,5203,4202],{"class":77},[63,5205,113],{"class":81},[63,5207,2509],{"class":145},[63,5209,3997],{"class":81},[63,5211,4211],{"class":1155},[63,5213,4214],{"class":145},[63,5215,4217],{"class":1155},[63,5217,1091],{"class":81},[63,5219,86],{"class":85},[63,5221,89],{"class":81},[63,5223,4169],{"class":85},[63,5225,89],{"class":81},[63,5227,4174],{"class":116},[63,5229,89],{"class":81},[63,5231,203],{"class":116},[63,5233,1995],{"class":120},[63,5235,193],{"class":116},[63,5237,89],{"class":81},[63,5239,4187],{"class":1205},[63,5241,5242],{"class":81},"]])\n",[63,5244,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,5246,140],{"class":139},[63,5248,113],{"class":81},[63,5250,4053],{"class":139},[63,5252,113],{"class":81},[63,5254,3359],{"class":145},[63,5256,4584],{"class":73},[63,5258,4169],{"class":85},[63,5260,4211],{"class":1155},[63,5262,4214],{"class":145},[63,5264,4217],{"class":1155},[63,5266,1091],{"class":81},[63,5268,86],{"class":85},[63,5270,89],{"class":81},[63,5272,92],{"class":85},[63,5274,89],{"class":81},[63,5276,97],{"class":85},[63,5278,3334],{"class":81},[63,5280,5281,5283,5285,5287],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,5282,140],{"class":139},[63,5284,113],{"class":81},[63,5286,4053],{"class":139},[63,5288,4761],{"class":81},[49,5290,5292,5293],{"id":5291},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,5294,3915],{},[14,5296,5297,5299],{},[18,5298,3915],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5301,5302],{},"Common use cases:",[29,5304,5305,5308,5311],{},[32,5306,5307],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[32,5309,5310],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[32,5312,5313],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5315,5316],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[54,5318,5320],{"className":56,"code":5319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,5321,5322,5357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5323,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5335,5337,5339,5341,5344,5346,5348,5350,5353,5355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5325,1755],{"class":69},[63,5327,74],{"class":73},[63,5329,1091],{"class":81},[63,5331,193],{"class":116},[63,5333,5334],{"class":120},"Alice",[63,5336,193],{"class":116},[63,5338,89],{"class":81},[63,5340,203],{"class":116},[63,5342,5343],{"class":120},"Bob",[63,5345,193],{"class":116},[63,5347,89],{"class":81},[63,5349,203],{"class":116},[63,5351,5352],{"class":120},"Charlie",[63,5354,193],{"class":116},[63,5356,186],{"class":81},[63,5358,5359,5361,5363,5365,5367,5369],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5360,140],{"class":139},[63,5362,113],{"class":81},[63,5364,4053],{"class":139},[63,5366,113],{"class":81},[63,5368,1818],{"class":145},[63,5370,100],{"class":81},[14,5372,163],{},[54,5374,5375],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,5376,5377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5378,5379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5380,4313],{"class":1205},[14,5382,5383],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[54,5385,5387],{"className":56,"code":5386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,5388,5389,5412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5390,5391,5393,5395,5397,5400,5402,5405,5407,5410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5392,1781],{"class":69},[63,5394,74],{"class":73},[63,5396,1091],{"class":81},[63,5398,5399],{"class":85},"75",[63,5401,89],{"class":81},[63,5403,5404],{"class":85}," 80",[63,5406,89],{"class":81},[63,5408,5409],{"class":85}," 50",[63,5411,186],{"class":81},[63,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5425,5428,5430,5432,5435,5437,5439],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5415,140],{"class":139},[63,5417,113],{"class":81},[63,5419,4053],{"class":139},[63,5421,113],{"class":81},[63,5423,5424],{"class":145},"score ",[63,5426,5427],{"class":73},">=",[63,5429,5409],{"class":85},[63,5431,4211],{"class":1155},[63,5433,5434],{"class":145}," score ",[63,5436,4217],{"class":1155},[63,5438,1823],{"class":145},[63,5440,100],{"class":81},[14,5442,163],{},[54,5444,5445],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,5446,5447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5448,5449],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5450,4313],{"class":1205},[14,5452,5453],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5455,5456,5457,4726,5461,259],{},"For related tasks, see ",[196,5458,5460],{"href":5459},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[196,5462,1060],{"href":5463},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[49,5465,2165],{"id":2164},[486,5467,5469,5470,5472],{"id":5468},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,5471,3915],{}," return in Python?",[14,5474,5475,5476,5478,5479,5481],{},"It returns ",[18,5477,3941],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,5480,4010],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[486,5483,5485,5486,5488,5489,2827],{"id":5484},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,5487,3938],{}," return ",[18,5490,3941],{},[14,5492,5493],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[486,5495,5497,5498,5500],{"id":5496},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,5499,3915],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5502,5503],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[486,5505,2169,5507,4726,5509,2827],{"id":5506},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[18,5508,3915],{},[18,5510,5511],{},"any()",[14,5513,5514,5516,5517,5519,5520,259],{},[18,5515,3915],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,5518,5511],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[196,5521,3912,5523,3845],{"href":5522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,5524,5511],{},[49,5526,2219],{"id":2218},[29,5528,5529,5535,5539,5543,5548,5553],{},[32,5530,5531],{},[196,5532,3912,5533,3845],{"href":5522},[18,5534,5511],{},[32,5536,5537],{},[196,5538,4143],{"href":4142},[32,5540,5541],{},[196,5542,2243],{"href":5463},[32,5544,5545],{},[196,5546,5547],{"href":5459},"How to filter a list in Python",[32,5549,5550],{},[196,5551,5552],{"href":4724},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[32,5554,5555],{},[196,5556,5557],{"href":4729},"What is an iterable in Python",[2259,5559,5560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":5562},[5563,5564,5566,5567,5572,5574,5575,5584,5586,5596],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":4013,"depth":103,"text":5565},"What all() does",{"id":4065,"depth":103,"text":4066},{"id":4264,"depth":103,"text":4265,"children":5568},[5569,5570,5571],{"id":4268,"depth":129,"text":4269},{"id":4329,"depth":129,"text":4330},{"id":4392,"depth":129,"text":4393},{"id":4529,"depth":103,"text":5573},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4733,"depth":103,"text":4734},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":5576},[5577,5578,5580,5582],{"id":4853,"depth":129,"text":4854},{"id":4908,"depth":129,"text":5579},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5034,"depth":129,"text":5581},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5110,"depth":129,"text":5583},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5291,"depth":103,"text":5585},"When to use all()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":5587},[5588,5590,5592,5594],{"id":5468,"depth":129,"text":5589},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5484,"depth":129,"text":5591},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5496,"depth":129,"text":5593},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5506,"depth":129,"text":5595},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3906,"description":5597},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5604,"title":5605,"body":5606,"description":7288,"extension":2300,"meta":7289,"navigation":132,"path":5522,"seo":7290,"stem":7291,"__hash__":7292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5607,"toc":7266},[5608,5611,5619,5622,5635,5643,5686,5695,5699,5704,5707,5724,5727,5738,5750,5754,5757,5772,5777,5780,5792,5795,5877,5880,5901,5906,5908,5916,5930,5932,5966,5968,5971,6032,6034,6051,6054,6081,6083,6091,6103,6107,6110,6149,6151,6159,6161,6177,6185,6188,6231,6233,6241,6246,6250,6258,6261,6288,6291,6294,6368,6370,6378,6385,6409,6420,6423,6502,6504,6512,6519,6523,6528,6543,6545,6553,6556,6562,6565,6610,6612,6629,6633,6638,6649,6652,6766,6769,6828,6834,6836,6841,6845,6847,6866,6872,6875,6894,6898,6907,6934,6936,6944,6952,6956,6962,6985,6987,6995,7002,7006,7009,7060,7063,7114,7117,7119,7123,7130,7134,7141,7145,7153,7157,7160,7182,7184,7234,7236,7263],[10,5609,5605],{"id":5610},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5612,5613,5615,5616,259],{},[18,5614,5511],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1217,5617,5618],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5620,5621],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[29,5623,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632],{},[32,5625,932],{},[32,5627,314],{},[32,5629,317],{},[32,5631,311],{},[32,5633,5634],{},"generator expressions",[14,5636,5637,5638,1725,5640,5642],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,5639,3941],{},[18,5641,4010],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[54,5644,5646],{"className":56,"code":5645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,5647,5648,5668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5649,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5651,731],{"class":69},[63,5653,74],{"class":73},[63,5655,1091],{"class":81},[63,5657,687],{"class":85},[63,5659,89],{"class":81},[63,5661,4174],{"class":116},[63,5663,89],{"class":81},[63,5665,4935],{"class":85},[63,5667,186],{"class":81},[63,5669,5670,5672,5674,5677,5679,5681,5684],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5671,140],{"class":139},[63,5673,113],{"class":81},[63,5675,5676],{"class":139},"any",[63,5678,113],{"class":81},[63,5680,763],{"class":145},[63,5682,5683],{"class":81},"))",[63,5685,4000],{"class":1910},[14,5687,222,5688,5691,5692,5694],{},[18,5689,5690],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,5693,3941],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[49,5696,5698],{"id":5697},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5700,5701,5703],{},[18,5702,5511],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5705,5706],{},"It returns:",[29,5708,5709,5714,5719],{},[32,5710,5711,5713],{},[18,5712,3941],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[32,5715,5716,5718],{},[18,5717,4010],{}," if all items are falsy",[32,5720,5721,5723],{},[18,5722,4010],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5725,5726],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[29,5728,5729,5732,5735],{},[32,5730,5731],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[32,5733,5734],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[32,5736,5737],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5739,5740,5741,5744,5745,259],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1217,5742,5743],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[196,5746,5748],{"href":5747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,5749,3915],{},[49,5751,5753],{"id":5752},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5755,5756],{},"The syntax is simple:",[54,5758,5760],{"className":56,"code":5759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(iterable)\n",[18,5761,5762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5763,5764,5766,5768,5770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5765,5676],{"class":139},[63,5767,113],{"class":81},[63,5769,288],{"class":145},[63,5771,126],{"class":81},[14,5773,5774,5775,259],{},"The argument must be an ",[1217,5776,288],{},[14,5778,5779],{},"Common inputs include:",[29,5781,5782,5784,5786,5788,5790],{},[32,5783,932],{},[32,5785,314],{},[32,5787,317],{},[32,5789,311],{},[32,5791,5634],{},[14,5793,5794],{},"For example:",[54,5796,5798],{"className":56,"code":5797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,5799,5800,5822,5840,5859],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5801,5802,5804,5806,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5803,140],{"class":139},[63,5805,113],{"class":81},[63,5807,5676],{"class":139},[63,5809,2071],{"class":81},[63,5811,687],{"class":85},[63,5813,89],{"class":81},[63,5815,4169],{"class":85},[63,5817,89],{"class":81},[63,5819,692],{"class":85},[63,5821,3334],{"class":81},[63,5823,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5825,140],{"class":139},[63,5827,113],{"class":81},[63,5829,5676],{"class":139},[63,5831,82],{"class":81},[63,5833,4010],{"class":1205},[63,5835,89],{"class":81},[63,5837,4240],{"class":1205},[63,5839,1965],{"class":81},[63,5841,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852,5854,5856],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,5843,140],{"class":139},[63,5845,113],{"class":81},[63,5847,5676],{"class":139},[63,5849,738],{"class":81},[63,5851,687],{"class":85},[63,5853,89],{"class":81},[63,5855,92],{"class":85},[63,5857,5858],{"class":81},"}))\n",[63,5860,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,5862,140],{"class":139},[63,5864,113],{"class":81},[63,5866,5676],{"class":139},[63,5868,113],{"class":81},[63,5870,117],{"class":116},[63,5872,1995],{"class":120},[63,5874,117],{"class":116},[63,5876,100],{"class":81},[14,5878,5879],{},"Expected output:",[54,5881,5883],{"className":56,"code":5882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5884,5885,5889,5893,5897],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5886,5887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5888,4313],{"class":1205},[63,5890,5891],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5892,1206],{"class":1205},[63,5894,5895],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,5896,4313],{"class":1205},[63,5898,5899],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,5900,4313],{"class":1205},[14,5902,5903,5904,259],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[196,5905,1060],{"href":1059},[49,5907,4066],{"id":4065},[14,5909,4069,5910,1725,5913,4074],{},[1217,5911,5912],{},"truthy",[1217,5914,5915],{},"falsy",[29,5917,5918,5924],{},[32,5919,5920,4082,5922],{},[1217,5921,4081],{},[18,5923,3941],{},[32,5925,5926,4082,5928],{},[1217,5927,4089],{},[18,5929,4010],{},[14,5931,4094],{},[29,5933,5934,5938,5942,5946,5950,5954,5958,5962],{},[32,5935,5936],{},[18,5937,4010],{},[32,5939,5940],{},[18,5941,687],{},[32,5943,5944],{},[18,5945,4105],{},[32,5947,5948],{},[18,5949,4110],{},[32,5951,5952],{},[18,5953,479],{},[32,5955,5956],{},[18,5957,4128],{},[32,5959,5960],{},[18,5961,4133],{},[32,5963,5964],{},[18,5965,4115],{},[14,5967,4136],{},[14,5969,5970],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[54,5972,5974],{"className":56,"code":5973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5975,5976,5990,6008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,5977,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,5979,140],{"class":139},[63,5981,113],{"class":81},[63,5983,5676],{"class":139},[63,5985,2071],{"class":81},[63,5987,86],{"class":85},[63,5989,3334],{"class":81},[63,5991,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,5993,140],{"class":139},[63,5995,113],{"class":81},[63,5997,5676],{"class":139},[63,5999,2071],{"class":81},[63,6001,193],{"class":116},[63,6003,1995],{"class":120},[63,6005,193],{"class":116},[63,6007,3334],{"class":81},[63,6009,6010,6012,6014,6016,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6011,140],{"class":139},[63,6013,113],{"class":81},[63,6015,5676],{"class":139},[63,6017,6018],{"class":81},"([[",[63,6020,86],{"class":85},[63,6022,89],{"class":81},[63,6024,92],{"class":85},[63,6026,89],{"class":81},[63,6028,97],{"class":85},[63,6030,6031],{"class":81},"]]))\n",[14,6033,5879],{},[54,6035,6037],{"className":56,"code":6036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,6038,6039,6043,6047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6040,6041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6042,4313],{"class":1205},[63,6044,6045],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6046,4313],{"class":1205},[63,6048,6049],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6050,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6052,6053],{},"And these are all falsy:",[54,6055,6057],{"className":56,"code":6056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,6058,6059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6060,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6062,140],{"class":139},[63,6064,113],{"class":81},[63,6066,5676],{"class":139},[63,6068,2071],{"class":81},[63,6070,687],{"class":85},[63,6072,89],{"class":81},[63,6074,4174],{"class":116},[63,6076,89],{"class":81},[63,6078,4187],{"class":1205},[63,6080,3334],{"class":81},[14,6082,5879],{},[54,6084,6085],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6086,6087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6088,6089],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6090,1206],{"class":1205},[14,6092,6093,6094,4726,6097,259],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[196,6095,4143],{"href":6096},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[196,6098,6100,6102],{"href":6099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,6101,4149],{}," explained",[49,6104,6106],{"id":6105},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6108,6109],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[54,6111,6113],{"className":56,"code":6112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6114,6115,6135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6116,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129,6131,6133],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6118,731],{"class":69},[63,6120,74],{"class":73},[63,6122,1091],{"class":81},[63,6124,687],{"class":85},[63,6126,89],{"class":81},[63,6128,4174],{"class":116},[63,6130,89],{"class":81},[63,6132,4935],{"class":85},[63,6134,186],{"class":81},[63,6136,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145,6147],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6138,140],{"class":139},[63,6140,113],{"class":81},[63,6142,5676],{"class":139},[63,6144,113],{"class":81},[63,6146,763],{"class":145},[63,6148,100],{"class":81},[14,6150,163],{},[54,6152,6153],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6154,6155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6156,6157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6158,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6160,4774],{},[29,6162,6163,6168,6172],{},[32,6164,6165,6167],{},[18,6166,687],{}," is falsy",[32,6169,6170,6167],{},[18,6171,4110],{},[32,6173,6174,6176],{},[18,6175,661],{}," is truthy",[14,6178,6179,6180,2732,6183,259],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,6181,6182],{},"any(values)",[18,6184,3941],{},[14,6186,6187],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[54,6189,6191],{"className":56,"code":6190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,6192,6193,6217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6194,6195,6197,6199,6201,6203,6205,6207,6209,6211,6213,6215],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6196,731],{"class":69},[63,6198,74],{"class":73},[63,6200,1091],{"class":81},[63,6202,687],{"class":85},[63,6204,89],{"class":81},[63,6206,4174],{"class":116},[63,6208,89],{"class":81},[63,6210,4187],{"class":1205},[63,6212,89],{"class":81},[63,6214,4240],{"class":1205},[63,6216,186],{"class":81},[63,6218,6219,6221,6223,6225,6227,6229],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6220,140],{"class":139},[63,6222,113],{"class":81},[63,6224,5676],{"class":139},[63,6226,113],{"class":81},[63,6228,763],{"class":145},[63,6230,100],{"class":81},[14,6232,163],{},[54,6234,6235],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6236,6237],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6238,6239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6240,1206],{"class":1205},[14,6242,6243,6244,259],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,6245,4010],{},[49,6247,6249],{"id":6248},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6251,6252,6254,6255,259],{},[18,6253,5511],{}," is often used with a ",[1217,6256,6257],{},"generator expression",[14,6259,6260],{},"This is a common pattern:",[54,6262,6264],{"className":56,"code":6263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,6265,6266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6267,6268,6270,6272,6275,6278,6281,6283,6286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6269,5676],{"class":139},[63,6271,113],{"class":81},[63,6273,6274],{"class":145},"condition ",[63,6276,6277],{"class":1155},"for",[63,6279,6280],{"class":145}," item ",[63,6282,4217],{"class":1155},[63,6284,6285],{"class":145}," items",[63,6287,126],{"class":81},[14,6289,6290],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6292,6293],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[54,6295,6297],{"className":56,"code":6296,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,6298,6299,6327,6331,6358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6300,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6325],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6302,70],{"class":69},[63,6304,74],{"class":73},[63,6306,1091],{"class":81},[63,6308,2840],{"class":85},[63,6310,89],{"class":81},[63,6312,6313],{"class":85}," 7",[63,6315,89],{"class":81},[63,6317,2558],{"class":73},[63,6319,2394],{"class":85},[63,6321,89],{"class":81},[63,6323,6324],{"class":85}," 10",[63,6326,186],{"class":81},[63,6328,6329],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6330,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,6332,6333,6335,6337,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6334,851],{"class":69},[63,6336,74],{"class":73},[63,6338,6339],{"class":139}," any",[63,6341,113],{"class":81},[63,6343,3359],{"class":145},[63,6345,3626],{"class":73},[63,6347,4169],{"class":85},[63,6349,4211],{"class":1155},[63,6351,4214],{"class":145},[63,6353,4217],{"class":1155},[63,6355,4595],{"class":145},[63,6357,126],{"class":81},[63,6359,6360,6362,6364,6366],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,6361,140],{"class":139},[63,6363,113],{"class":81},[63,6365,875],{"class":145},[63,6367,126],{"class":81},[14,6369,163],{},[54,6371,6372],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6373,6374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6375,6376],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6377,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6379,6380,6381,6384],{},"This works because ",[18,6382,6383],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[29,6386,6387,6395,6402],{},[32,6388,6389,6392,6393],{},[18,6390,6391],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,6394,4010],{},[32,6396,6397,6392,6400],{},[18,6398,6399],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,6401,4010],{},[32,6403,6404,6392,6407],{},[18,6405,6406],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,6408,3941],{},[14,6410,6411,6412,6414,6415,6417,6418,259],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,6413,3941],{}," result, ",[18,6416,5511],{}," can return ",[18,6419,3941],{},[14,6421,6422],{},"Here is another example:",[54,6424,6426],{"className":56,"code":6425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,6427,6428,6457,6461,6491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6429,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6431,4403],{"class":69},[63,6433,74],{"class":73},[63,6435,1091],{"class":81},[63,6437,117],{"class":116},[63,6439,408],{"class":120},[63,6441,117],{"class":116},[63,6443,89],{"class":81},[63,6445,6446],{"class":116}," \"\"",[63,6448,89],{"class":81},[63,6450,824],{"class":116},[63,6452,427],{"class":120},[63,6454,117],{"class":116},[63,6456,186],{"class":81},[63,6458,6459],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6460,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,6462,6463,6466,6468,6470,6472,6475,6477,6479,6481,6484,6486,6489],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6464,6465],{"class":69},"has_empty_string ",[63,6467,74],{"class":73},[63,6469,6339],{"class":139},[63,6471,113],{"class":81},[63,6473,6474],{"class":145},"word ",[63,6476,5019],{"class":73},[63,6478,6446],{"class":116},[63,6480,4211],{"class":1155},[63,6482,6483],{"class":145}," word ",[63,6485,4217],{"class":1155},[63,6487,6488],{"class":145}," words",[63,6490,126],{"class":81},[63,6492,6493,6495,6497,6500],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,6494,140],{"class":139},[63,6496,113],{"class":81},[63,6498,6499],{"class":145},"has_empty_string",[63,6501,126],{"class":81},[14,6503,163],{},[54,6505,6506],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6507,6508],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6509,6510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6511,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6513,6514,6515,259],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[196,6516,6518],{"href":6517},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[49,6520,6522],{"id":6521},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6524,6525,6526,821],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,6527,4010],{},[54,6529,6531],{"className":56,"code":6530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([]))\n",[18,6532,6533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6534,6535,6537,6539,6541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6536,140],{"class":139},[63,6538,113],{"class":81},[63,6540,5676],{"class":139},[63,6542,4761],{"class":81},[14,6544,163],{},[54,6546,6547],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6548,6549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6550,6551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6552,1206],{"class":1205},[14,6554,6555],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6557,6558,6559,6561],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,6560,5511],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6563,6564],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[54,6566,6568],{"className":56,"code":6567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,6569,6570,6580,6595],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6571,6572,6574,6576,6578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6573,140],{"class":139},[63,6575,113],{"class":81},[63,6577,5676],{"class":139},[63,6579,4819],{"class":81},[63,6581,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590,6593],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6583,140],{"class":139},[63,6585,113],{"class":81},[63,6587,5676],{"class":139},[63,6589,113],{"class":81},[63,6591,6592],{"class":116},"\"\"",[63,6594,100],{"class":81},[63,6596,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6608],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6598,140],{"class":139},[63,6600,113],{"class":81},[63,6602,5676],{"class":139},[63,6604,113],{"class":81},[63,6606,6607],{"class":77},"set",[63,6609,1561],{"class":81},[14,6611,163],{},[54,6613,6615],{"className":56,"code":6614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6616,6617,6621,6625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6618,6619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6620,1206],{"class":1205},[63,6622,6623],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6624,1206],{"class":1205},[63,6626,6627],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6628,1206],{"class":1205},[49,6630,6632],{"id":6631},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6634,222,6635,6637],{},[18,6636,5511],{}," when you want to:",[29,6639,6640,6643,6646],{},[32,6641,6642],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[32,6644,6645],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[32,6647,6648],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6650,6651],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[54,6653,6655],{"className":56,"code":6654,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,6656,6657,6682,6686,6696,6700,6714,6733,6743,6749,6754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6658,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677,6680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6660,70],{"class":69},[63,6662,74],{"class":73},[63,6664,1091],{"class":81},[63,6666,86],{"class":85},[63,6668,89],{"class":81},[63,6670,97],{"class":85},[63,6672,89],{"class":81},[63,6674,4935],{"class":85},[63,6676,89],{"class":81},[63,6678,6679],{"class":85}," 8",[63,6681,186],{"class":81},[63,6683,6684],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6685,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,6687,6688,6691,6693],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,6689,6690],{"class":69},"found_even ",[63,6692,74],{"class":73},[63,6694,6695],{"class":1205}," False\n",[63,6697,6698],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,6699,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,6701,6702,6704,6707,6709,6711],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,6703,6277],{"class":1155},[63,6705,6706],{"class":69}," number ",[63,6708,4217],{"class":1155},[63,6710,4595],{"class":69},[63,6712,6713],{"class":81},":\n",[63,6715,6716,6719,6721,6724,6726,6729,6731],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,6717,6718],{"class":1155},"    if",[63,6720,6706],{"class":69},[63,6722,6723],{"class":73},"%",[63,6725,92],{"class":85},[63,6727,6728],{"class":73}," ==",[63,6730,4169],{"class":85},[63,6732,6713],{"class":81},[63,6734,6735,6738,6740],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,6736,6737],{"class":69},"        found_even ",[63,6739,74],{"class":73},[63,6741,6742],{"class":1205}," True\n",[63,6744,6746],{"class":65,"line":6745},8,[63,6747,6748],{"class":1155},"        break\n",[63,6750,6752],{"class":65,"line":6751},9,[63,6753,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,6755,6757,6759,6761,6764],{"class":65,"line":6756},10,[63,6758,140],{"class":139},[63,6760,113],{"class":81},[63,6762,6763],{"class":145},"found_even",[63,6765,126],{"class":81},[14,6767,6768],{},"You can write:",[54,6770,6772],{"className":56,"code":6771,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,6773,6774,6798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6775,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6777,70],{"class":69},[63,6779,74],{"class":73},[63,6781,1091],{"class":81},[63,6783,86],{"class":85},[63,6785,89],{"class":81},[63,6787,97],{"class":85},[63,6789,89],{"class":81},[63,6791,4935],{"class":85},[63,6793,89],{"class":81},[63,6795,6679],{"class":85},[63,6797,186],{"class":81},[63,6799,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,6801,140],{"class":139},[63,6803,113],{"class":81},[63,6805,5676],{"class":139},[63,6807,113],{"class":81},[63,6809,2553],{"class":145},[63,6811,6723],{"class":73},[63,6813,92],{"class":85},[63,6815,6728],{"class":73},[63,6817,4169],{"class":85},[63,6819,4211],{"class":1155},[63,6821,6706],{"class":145},[63,6823,4217],{"class":1155},[63,6825,4595],{"class":145},[63,6827,100],{"class":81},[14,6829,6830,6831,6833],{},"Both work, but ",[18,6832,5511],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[49,6835,1888],{"id":1887},[14,6837,6838,6839,259],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,6840,5511],{},[486,6842,6844],{"id":6843},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6846,1900],{},[54,6848,6850],{"className":56,"code":6849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6851,6852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6855,140],{"class":139},[63,6857,113],{"class":81},[63,6859,5676],{"class":139},[63,6861,113],{"class":81},[63,6863,661],{"class":85},[63,6865,100],{"class":81},[14,6867,6868,6869,6871],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6870,661],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6873,6874],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[54,6876,6878],{"className":56,"code":6877,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6879,6880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6881,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6883,140],{"class":139},[63,6885,113],{"class":81},[63,6887,5676],{"class":139},[63,6889,2071],{"class":81},[63,6891,661],{"class":85},[63,6893,3334],{"class":81},[486,6895,6897],{"id":6896},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6899,6900,6902,6903,6906],{},[18,6901,5511],{}," needs only ",[1217,6904,6905],{},"one"," truthy item.",[54,6908,6910],{"className":56,"code":6909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6911,6912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6913,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6915,140],{"class":139},[63,6917,113],{"class":81},[63,6919,5676],{"class":139},[63,6921,2071],{"class":81},[63,6923,4010],{"class":1205},[63,6925,89],{"class":81},[63,6927,4240],{"class":1205},[63,6929,89],{"class":81},[63,6931,4249],{"class":1205},[63,6933,3334],{"class":81},[14,6935,163],{},[54,6937,6938],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6939,6940],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6941,6942],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6943,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6945,6946,6947,6951],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[196,6948,6949],{"href":5747},[18,6950,3915],{}," instead.",[486,6953,6955],{"id":6954},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6957,6958,6959,259],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6960,6961],{},"\"True\"",[54,6963,6965],{"className":56,"code":6964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6966,6967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6968,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6970,140],{"class":139},[63,6972,113],{"class":81},[63,6974,5676],{"class":139},[63,6976,2071],{"class":81},[63,6978,117],{"class":116},[63,6980,4010],{"class":120},[63,6982,117],{"class":116},[63,6984,3334],{"class":81},[14,6986,163],{},[54,6988,6989],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,6990,6991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,6992,6993],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,6994,4313],{"class":1205},[14,6996,6997,6998,7001],{},"That is because ",[18,6999,7000],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[486,7003,7005],{"id":7004},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7007,7008],{},"This works:",[54,7010,7012],{"className":56,"code":7011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,7013,7014,7034],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7015,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7017,70],{"class":69},[63,7019,74],{"class":73},[63,7021,1091],{"class":81},[63,7023,86],{"class":85},[63,7025,89],{"class":81},[63,7027,92],{"class":85},[63,7029,89],{"class":81},[63,7031,97],{"class":85},[63,7033,186],{"class":81},[63,7035,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7037,140],{"class":139},[63,7039,113],{"class":81},[63,7041,5676],{"class":139},[63,7043,2071],{"class":81},[63,7045,3359],{"class":145},[63,7047,4584],{"class":73},[63,7049,92],{"class":85},[63,7051,4211],{"class":1155},[63,7053,4214],{"class":145},[63,7055,4217],{"class":1155},[63,7057,4595],{"class":145},[63,7059,3334],{"class":81},[14,7061,7062],{},"But this is usually better:",[54,7064,7066],{"className":56,"code":7065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,7067,7068,7088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7069,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7071,70],{"class":69},[63,7073,74],{"class":73},[63,7075,1091],{"class":81},[63,7077,86],{"class":85},[63,7079,89],{"class":81},[63,7081,92],{"class":85},[63,7083,89],{"class":81},[63,7085,97],{"class":85},[63,7087,186],{"class":81},[63,7089,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7091,140],{"class":139},[63,7093,113],{"class":81},[63,7095,5676],{"class":139},[63,7097,113],{"class":81},[63,7099,3359],{"class":145},[63,7101,4584],{"class":73},[63,7103,92],{"class":85},[63,7105,4211],{"class":1155},[63,7107,4214],{"class":145},[63,7109,4217],{"class":1155},[63,7111,4595],{"class":145},[63,7113,100],{"class":81},[14,7115,7116],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[49,7118,2165],{"id":2164},[486,7120,7122],{"id":7121},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7124,5475,7125,7127,7128,259],{},[18,7126,3941],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,7129,4010],{},[486,7131,7133],{"id":7132},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7135,7136,2732,7138,7140],{},[18,7137,5511],{},[18,7139,4010],{}," for an empty iterable.",[486,7142,7144],{"id":7143},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7146,7147,7149,7150,7152],{},[18,7148,5511],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,7151,3915],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[486,7154,7156],{"id":7155},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7158,7159],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[54,7161,7162],{"className":56,"code":6263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,7163,7164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7165,7166,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7167,5676],{"class":139},[63,7169,113],{"class":81},[63,7171,6274],{"class":145},[63,7173,6277],{"class":1155},[63,7175,6280],{"class":145},[63,7177,4217],{"class":1155},[63,7179,6285],{"class":145},[63,7181,126],{"class":81},[14,7183,5794],{},[54,7185,7186],{"className":56,"code":7065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,7187,7188,7208],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7189,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7191,70],{"class":69},[63,7193,74],{"class":73},[63,7195,1091],{"class":81},[63,7197,86],{"class":85},[63,7199,89],{"class":81},[63,7201,92],{"class":85},[63,7203,89],{"class":81},[63,7205,97],{"class":85},[63,7207,186],{"class":81},[63,7209,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230,7232],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7211,140],{"class":139},[63,7213,113],{"class":81},[63,7215,5676],{"class":139},[63,7217,113],{"class":81},[63,7219,3359],{"class":145},[63,7221,4584],{"class":73},[63,7223,92],{"class":85},[63,7225,4211],{"class":1155},[63,7227,4214],{"class":145},[63,7229,4217],{"class":1155},[63,7231,4595],{"class":145},[63,7233,100],{"class":81},[49,7235,2219],{"id":2218},[29,7237,7238,7244,7248,7252,7257],{},[32,7239,7240],{},[196,7241,7242,3845],{"href":5747},[18,7243,3915],{},[32,7245,7246],{},[196,7247,4143],{"href":6096},[32,7249,7250],{},[196,7251,2243],{"href":1059},[32,7253,7254],{},[196,7255,7256],{"href":6517},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,7258,7259],{},[196,7260,7261,3845],{"href":6099},[18,7262,4149],{},[2259,7264,7265],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":7267},[7268,7269,7270,7271,7272,7273,7274,7275,7281,7287],{"id":5697,"depth":103,"text":5698},{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753},{"id":4065,"depth":103,"text":4066},{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":6248,"depth":103,"text":6249},{"id":6521,"depth":103,"text":6522},{"id":6631,"depth":103,"text":6632},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":7276},[7277,7278,7279,7280],{"id":6843,"depth":129,"text":6844},{"id":6896,"depth":129,"text":6897},{"id":6954,"depth":129,"text":6955},{"id":7004,"depth":129,"text":7005},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":7282},[7283,7284,7285,7286],{"id":7121,"depth":129,"text":7122},{"id":7132,"depth":129,"text":7133},{"id":7143,"depth":129,"text":7144},{"id":7155,"depth":129,"text":7156},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5605,"description":7288},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7294,"title":7295,"body":7296,"description":9421,"extension":2300,"meta":9422,"navigation":132,"path":9423,"seo":9424,"stem":9425,"__hash__":9426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7297,"toc":9384},[7298,7301,7310,7320,7322,7419,7421,7450,7466,7470,7475,7478,7488,7494,7500,7516,7518,7526,7533,7537,7540,7555,7560,7577,7582,7584,7632,7634,7651,7655,7661,7664,7699,7701,7807,7809,7846,7850,7858,7860,7880,7882,8002,8004,8033,8036,8059,8061,8069,8077,8081,8087,8091,8130,8132,8140,8143,8171,8173,8181,8185,8214,8216,8224,8255,8257,8265,8269,8320,8322,8330,8338,8342,8345,8398,8400,8418,8425,8429,8435,8438,8446,8468,8470,8478,8486,8509,8511,8519,8524,8529,8541,8543,8584,8595,8599,8608,8611,8614,8673,8676,8728,8731,8737,8753,8759,8761,8766,8775,8778,8800,8802,8810,8815,8818,8853,8855,8863,8867,8872,8910,8922,8925,8979,8987,8991,8994,9016,9025,9028,9069,9071,9094,9100,9106,9121,9123,9143,9146,9165,9167,9186,9190,9196,9275,9278,9292,9299,9301,9305,9312,9316,9320,9324,9329,9333,9338,9342,9349,9351,9381],[10,7299,7295],{"id":7300},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7302,2317,7303,7305,7306,1725,7308,259],{},[18,7304,4149],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,7307,3941],{},[18,7309,4010],{},[14,7311,7312,7313,7315,7316,7319],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,7314,4149],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,7317,7318],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[49,7321,3946],{"id":3945},[54,7323,7325],{"className":56,"code":7324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,7326,7327,7341,7355,7369,7387,7397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7328,7329,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7330,140],{"class":139},[63,7332,113],{"class":81},[63,7334,4202],{"class":77},[63,7336,113],{"class":81},[63,7338,687],{"class":85},[63,7340,100],{"class":81},[63,7342,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351,7353],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7344,140],{"class":139},[63,7346,113],{"class":81},[63,7348,4202],{"class":77},[63,7350,113],{"class":81},[63,7352,86],{"class":85},[63,7354,100],{"class":81},[63,7356,7357,7359,7361,7363,7365,7367],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7358,140],{"class":139},[63,7360,113],{"class":81},[63,7362,4202],{"class":77},[63,7364,113],{"class":81},[63,7366,6592],{"class":116},[63,7368,100],{"class":81},[63,7370,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,7372,140],{"class":139},[63,7374,113],{"class":81},[63,7376,4202],{"class":77},[63,7378,113],{"class":81},[63,7380,117],{"class":116},[63,7382,1995],{"class":120},[63,7384,117],{"class":116},[63,7386,100],{"class":81},[63,7388,7389,7391,7393,7395],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,7390,140],{"class":139},[63,7392,113],{"class":81},[63,7394,4202],{"class":77},[63,7396,4761],{"class":81},[63,7398,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,7400,140],{"class":139},[63,7402,113],{"class":81},[63,7404,4202],{"class":77},[63,7406,2071],{"class":81},[63,7408,86],{"class":85},[63,7410,89],{"class":81},[63,7412,92],{"class":85},[63,7414,89],{"class":81},[63,7416,97],{"class":85},[63,7418,3334],{"class":81},[14,7420,5879],{},[54,7422,7424],{"className":56,"code":7423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,7425,7426,7430,7434,7438,7442,7446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7427,7428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7429,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7431,7432],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7433,4313],{"class":1205},[63,7435,7436],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7437,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7439,7440],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,7441,4313],{"class":1205},[63,7443,7444],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,7445,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7447,7448],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,7449,4313],{"class":1205},[14,7451,222,7452,7455,7456,1725,7458,7460,7461,7463,7464,259],{},[18,7453,7454],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,7457,3941],{},[18,7459,4010],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,7462,4010],{},". Most other values become ",[18,7465,3941],{},[49,7467,7469],{"id":7468},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7471,7472,7474],{},[18,7473,4149],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7476,7477],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[29,7479,7480,7484],{},[32,7481,7482],{},[18,7483,3941],{},[32,7485,7486],{},[18,7487,4010],{},[14,7489,7490,7491,7493],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,7492,7318],{}," statements.",[14,7495,7496,7497,7499],{},"You can also call ",[18,7498,4149],{}," with no argument:",[54,7501,7503],{"className":56,"code":7502,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool())\n",[18,7504,7505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7506,7507,7509,7511,7513],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7508,140],{"class":139},[63,7510,113],{"class":81},[63,7512,4202],{"class":77},[63,7514,7515],{"class":81},"())\n",[14,7517,163],{},[54,7519,7520],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,7521,7522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7523,7524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7525,1206],{"class":1205},[14,7527,7528,7529,259],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[196,7530,7532],{"href":7531},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[49,7534,7536],{"id":7535},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7538,7539],{},"The basic syntax is:",[54,7541,7543],{"className":56,"code":7542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bool(value)\n",[18,7544,7545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7546,7547,7549,7551,7553],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7548,4202],{"class":77},[63,7550,113],{"class":81},[63,7552,2807],{"class":145},[63,7554,126],{"class":81},[14,7556,2317,7557,7559],{},[18,7558,2807],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[29,7561,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574],{},[32,7563,146],{},[32,7565,311],{},[32,7567,932],{},[32,7569,314],{},[32,7571,323],{},[32,7573,317],{},[32,7575,7576],{},"other objects",[14,7578,7579,7580,259],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,7581,4010],{},[14,7583,2543],{},[54,7585,7587],{"className":56,"code":7586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,7588,7589,7603,7622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7590,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7592,140],{"class":139},[63,7594,113],{"class":81},[63,7596,4202],{"class":77},[63,7598,113],{"class":81},[63,7600,741],{"class":85},[63,7602,100],{"class":81},[63,7604,7605,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7618,7620],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7606,140],{"class":139},[63,7608,113],{"class":81},[63,7610,4202],{"class":77},[63,7612,113],{"class":81},[63,7614,117],{"class":116},[63,7616,7617],{"class":120},"Python",[63,7619,117],{"class":116},[63,7621,100],{"class":81},[63,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7625,140],{"class":139},[63,7627,113],{"class":81},[63,7629,4202],{"class":77},[63,7631,7515],{"class":81},[14,7633,163],{},[54,7635,7637],{"className":56,"code":7636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,7638,7639,7643,7647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7640,7641],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7642,4313],{"class":1205},[63,7644,7645],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7646,4313],{"class":1205},[63,7648,7649],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7650,1206],{"class":1205},[49,7652,7654],{"id":7653},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7656,7657,7658,7660],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1217,7659,5915],{}," values.",[14,7662,7663],{},"Common examples:",[29,7665,7666,7670,7674,7678,7682,7687,7691,7695],{},[32,7667,7668],{},[18,7669,687],{},[32,7671,7672],{},[18,7673,4105],{},[32,7675,7676],{},[18,7677,6592],{},[32,7679,7680],{},[18,7681,479],{},[32,7683,7684],{},[18,7685,7686],{},"()",[32,7688,7689],{},[18,7690,4128],{},[32,7692,7693],{},[18,7694,4133],{},[32,7696,7697],{},[18,7698,4115],{},[14,7700,2543],{},[54,7702,7704],{"className":56,"code":7703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,7705,7706,7720,7734,7748,7758,7768,7779,7793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7709,140],{"class":139},[63,7711,113],{"class":81},[63,7713,4202],{"class":77},[63,7715,113],{"class":81},[63,7717,687],{"class":85},[63,7719,100],{"class":81},[63,7721,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7723,140],{"class":139},[63,7725,113],{"class":81},[63,7727,4202],{"class":77},[63,7729,113],{"class":81},[63,7731,4105],{"class":85},[63,7733,100],{"class":81},[63,7735,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7737,140],{"class":139},[63,7739,113],{"class":81},[63,7741,4202],{"class":77},[63,7743,113],{"class":81},[63,7745,6592],{"class":116},[63,7747,100],{"class":81},[63,7749,7750,7752,7754,7756],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,7751,140],{"class":139},[63,7753,113],{"class":81},[63,7755,4202],{"class":77},[63,7757,4761],{"class":81},[63,7759,7760,7762,7764,7766],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,7761,140],{"class":139},[63,7763,113],{"class":81},[63,7765,4202],{"class":77},[63,7767,4819],{"class":81},[63,7769,7770,7772,7774,7776],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,7771,140],{"class":139},[63,7773,113],{"class":81},[63,7775,4202],{"class":77},[63,7777,7778],{"class":81},"({}))\n",[63,7780,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,7782,140],{"class":139},[63,7784,113],{"class":81},[63,7786,4202],{"class":77},[63,7788,113],{"class":81},[63,7790,6607],{"class":77},[63,7792,1561],{"class":81},[63,7794,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,7796,140],{"class":139},[63,7798,113],{"class":81},[63,7800,4202],{"class":77},[63,7802,113],{"class":81},[63,7804,4115],{"class":1205},[63,7806,100],{"class":81},[14,7808,163],{},[54,7810,7812],{"className":56,"code":7811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,7813,7814,7818,7822,7826,7830,7834,7838,7842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7815,7816],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7817,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7819,7820],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7821,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7823,7824],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7825,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7827,7828],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,7829,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7831,7832],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,7833,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7835,7836],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,7837,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7839,7840],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,7841,1206],{"class":1205},[63,7843,7844],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,7845,1206],{"class":1205},[49,7847,7849],{"id":7848},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7851,7852,7853,7855,7856,7660],{},"Many values become ",[18,7854,3941],{},". These are often called ",[1217,7857,5912],{},[14,7859,7663],{},[29,7861,7862,7865,7868,7871,7874,7877],{},[32,7863,7864],{},"non-zero numbers",[32,7866,7867],{},"non-empty strings",[32,7869,7870],{},"non-empty lists",[32,7872,7873],{},"non-empty tuples",[32,7875,7876],{},"non-empty sets",[32,7878,7879],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7881,2543],{},[54,7883,7885],{"className":56,"code":7884,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7886,7887,7901,7917,7935,7957,7975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,7888,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,7890,140],{"class":139},[63,7892,113],{"class":81},[63,7894,4202],{"class":77},[63,7896,113],{"class":81},[63,7898,661],{"class":85},[63,7900,100],{"class":81},[63,7902,7903,7905,7907,7909,7911,7913,7915],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,7904,140],{"class":139},[63,7906,113],{"class":81},[63,7908,4202],{"class":77},[63,7910,113],{"class":81},[63,7912,2359],{"class":73},[63,7914,2394],{"class":85},[63,7916,100],{"class":81},[63,7918,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,7920,140],{"class":139},[63,7922,113],{"class":81},[63,7924,4202],{"class":77},[63,7926,113],{"class":81},[63,7928,117],{"class":116},[63,7930,1995],{"class":120},[63,7932,117],{"class":116},[63,7934,100],{"class":81},[63,7936,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949,7951,7953,7955],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,7938,140],{"class":139},[63,7940,113],{"class":81},[63,7942,4202],{"class":77},[63,7944,2071],{"class":81},[63,7946,86],{"class":85},[63,7948,89],{"class":81},[63,7950,92],{"class":85},[63,7952,89],{"class":81},[63,7954,97],{"class":85},[63,7956,3334],{"class":81},[63,7958,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,7960,140],{"class":139},[63,7962,113],{"class":81},[63,7964,4202],{"class":77},[63,7966,82],{"class":81},[63,7968,86],{"class":85},[63,7970,89],{"class":81},[63,7972,92],{"class":85},[63,7974,1965],{"class":81},[63,7976,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7998,8000],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,7978,140],{"class":139},[63,7980,113],{"class":81},[63,7982,4202],{"class":77},[63,7984,738],{"class":81},[63,7986,117],{"class":116},[63,7988,816],{"class":120},[63,7990,117],{"class":116},[63,7992,821],{"class":81},[63,7994,824],{"class":116},[63,7996,7997],{"class":120},"Sam",[63,7999,117],{"class":116},[63,8001,5858],{"class":81},[14,8003,163],{},[54,8005,8007],{"className":56,"code":8006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,8008,8009,8013,8017,8021,8025,8029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8010,8011],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8012,4313],{"class":1205},[63,8014,8015],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8016,4313],{"class":1205},[63,8018,8019],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,8020,4313],{"class":1205},[63,8022,8023],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,8024,4313],{"class":1205},[63,8026,8027],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,8028,4313],{"class":1205},[63,8030,8031],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,8032,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8034,8035],{},"One important example is this:",[54,8037,8039],{"className":56,"code":8038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,8040,8041],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8042,8043,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8044,140],{"class":139},[63,8046,113],{"class":81},[63,8048,4202],{"class":77},[63,8050,113],{"class":81},[63,8052,117],{"class":116},[63,8054,4010],{"class":120},[63,8056,117],{"class":116},[63,8058,100],{"class":81},[14,8060,163],{},[54,8062,8063],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8064,8065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8066,8067],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8068,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8070,8071,8072,8074,8075,259],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,8073,7000],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,8076,3941],{},[49,8078,8080],{"id":8079},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8082,8083,8084,8086],{},"You can use ",[18,8085,4149],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[486,8088,8090],{"id":8089},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[54,8092,8094],{"className":56,"code":8093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8095,8096,8116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8097,8098,8100,8102,8104,8106,8108,8110,8112,8114],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8099,342],{"class":69},[63,8101,74],{"class":73},[63,8103,1091],{"class":81},[63,8105,741],{"class":85},[63,8107,89],{"class":81},[63,8109,746],{"class":85},[63,8111,89],{"class":81},[63,8113,751],{"class":85},[63,8115,186],{"class":81},[63,8117,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8119,140],{"class":139},[63,8121,113],{"class":81},[63,8123,4202],{"class":77},[63,8125,113],{"class":81},[63,8127,357],{"class":145},[63,8129,100],{"class":81},[14,8131,163],{},[54,8133,8134],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8135,8136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8137,8138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8139,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8141,8142],{},"With an empty list:",[54,8144,8146],{"className":56,"code":8145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,8147,8148,8157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8149,8150,8152,8154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8151,342],{"class":69},[63,8153,74],{"class":73},[63,8155,8156],{"class":81}," []\n",[63,8158,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167,8169],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8160,140],{"class":139},[63,8162,113],{"class":81},[63,8164,4202],{"class":77},[63,8166,113],{"class":81},[63,8168,357],{"class":145},[63,8170,100],{"class":81},[14,8172,163],{},[54,8174,8175],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8176,8177],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8178,8179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8180,1206],{"class":1205},[486,8182,8184],{"id":8183},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[54,8186,8188],{"className":56,"code":8187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8189,8190,8200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8191,8192,8195,8197],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8193,8194],{"class":69},"name ",[63,8196,74],{"class":73},[63,8198,8199],{"class":116}," \"\"\n",[63,8201,8202,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8203,140],{"class":139},[63,8205,113],{"class":81},[63,8207,4202],{"class":77},[63,8209,113],{"class":81},[63,8211,816],{"class":145},[63,8213,100],{"class":81},[14,8215,163],{},[54,8217,8218],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8219,8220],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8221,8222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8223,1206],{"class":1205},[54,8225,8227],{"className":56,"code":8226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,8228,8229,8241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8230,8231,8233,8235,8237,8239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8232,8194],{"class":69},[63,8234,74],{"class":73},[63,8236,824],{"class":116},[63,8238,1429],{"class":120},[63,8240,3694],{"class":116},[63,8242,8243,8245,8247,8249,8251,8253],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8244,140],{"class":139},[63,8246,113],{"class":81},[63,8248,4202],{"class":77},[63,8250,113],{"class":81},[63,8252,816],{"class":145},[63,8254,100],{"class":81},[14,8256,163],{},[54,8258,8259],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8260,8261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8262,8263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8264,4313],{"class":1205},[486,8266,8268],{"id":8267},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[54,8270,8272],{"className":56,"code":8271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,8273,8274,8288,8305,8309],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8275,8276,8279,8281,8283,8286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8277,8278],{"class":69},"username ",[63,8280,74],{"class":73},[63,8282,824],{"class":116},[63,8284,8285],{"class":120},"alex",[63,8287,3694],{"class":116},[63,8289,8290,8293,8295,8298,8300,8303],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8291,8292],{"class":69},"has_name ",[63,8294,74],{"class":73},[63,8296,8297],{"class":77}," bool",[63,8299,113],{"class":81},[63,8301,8302],{"class":145},"username",[63,8304,126],{"class":81},[63,8306,8307],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,8308,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,8310,8311,8313,8315,8318],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,8312,140],{"class":139},[63,8314,113],{"class":81},[63,8316,8317],{"class":145},"has_name",[63,8319,126],{"class":81},[14,8321,163],{},[54,8323,8324],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8325,8326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8327,8328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8329,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8331,8332,8333,1725,8335,8337],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,8334,3941],{},[18,8336,4010],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[486,8339,8341],{"id":8340},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8343,8344],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[54,8346,8348],{"className":56,"code":8347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,8349,8350,8370,8374,8382],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8351,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8353,70],{"class":69},[63,8355,74],{"class":73},[63,8357,1091],{"class":81},[63,8359,86],{"class":85},[63,8361,89],{"class":81},[63,8363,92],{"class":85},[63,8365,89],{"class":81},[63,8367,97],{"class":85},[63,8369,186],{"class":81},[63,8371,8372],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8373,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,8375,8376,8378,8380],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,8377,7318],{"class":1155},[63,8379,4595],{"class":69},[63,8381,6713],{"class":81},[63,8383,8384,8387,8389,8391,8394,8396],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,8385,8386],{"class":139},"    print",[63,8388,113],{"class":81},[63,8390,117],{"class":116},[63,8392,8393],{"class":120},"The list is not empty",[63,8395,117],{"class":116},[63,8397,126],{"class":81},[14,8399,163],{},[54,8401,8403],{"className":56,"code":8402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is not empty\n",[18,8404,8405],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8406,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8408,2317],{"class":69},[63,8410,276],{"class":77},[63,8412,1047],{"class":73},[63,8414,1050],{"class":73},[63,8416,8417],{"class":69}," empty\n",[14,8419,8420,8421,259],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[196,8422,8424],{"href":8423},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[49,8426,8428],{"id":8427},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8430,8431,8432,8434],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,8433,4149],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8436,8437],{},"It does not do that.",[486,8439,8441,2732,8444],{"id":8440},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,8442,8443],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,8445,3941],{},[54,8447,8448],{"className":56,"code":8038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8449,8450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8451,8452,8454,8456,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8453,140],{"class":139},[63,8455,113],{"class":81},[63,8457,4202],{"class":77},[63,8459,113],{"class":81},[63,8461,117],{"class":116},[63,8463,4010],{"class":120},[63,8465,117],{"class":116},[63,8467,100],{"class":81},[14,8469,163],{},[54,8471,8472],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8473,8474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8475,8476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8477,4313],{"class":1205},[486,8479,8481,2732,8484],{"id":8480},"bool0-returns-true",[18,8482,8483],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,8485,3941],{},[54,8487,8489],{"className":56,"code":8488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,8490,8491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8492,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8494,140],{"class":139},[63,8496,113],{"class":81},[63,8498,4202],{"class":77},[63,8500,113],{"class":81},[63,8502,117],{"class":116},[63,8504,687],{"class":120},[63,8506,117],{"class":116},[63,8508,100],{"class":81},[14,8510,163],{},[54,8512,8513],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8514,8515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8516,8517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8518,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8520,8521,8522,259],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1217,8523,7867],{},[14,8525,8526,8528],{},[18,8527,4149],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8530,8531,8532,8537,8538,8540],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[196,8533,8535],{"href":8534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,8536,3294],{},", because ",[18,8539,3294],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8542,2543],{},[54,8544,8546],{"className":56,"code":8545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,8547,8548,8569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8549,8550,8553,8555,8558,8560,8562,8565,8567],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8551,8552],{"class":69},"user_value ",[63,8554,74],{"class":73},[63,8556,8557],{"class":139}," input",[63,8559,113],{"class":81},[63,8561,117],{"class":116},[63,8563,8564],{"class":120},"Enter True or False: ",[63,8566,117],{"class":116},[63,8568,126],{"class":81},[63,8570,8571,8573,8575,8577,8579,8582],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8572,140],{"class":139},[63,8574,113],{"class":81},[63,8576,4202],{"class":77},[63,8578,113],{"class":81},[63,8580,8581],{"class":145},"user_value",[63,8583,100],{"class":81},[14,8585,8586,8587,8589,8590,8537,8592,8594],{},"If the user types ",[18,8588,4010],{},", the result will still be ",[18,8591,3941],{},[18,8593,7000],{}," is not empty.",[49,8596,8598],{"id":8597},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8600,8601,8602,8604,8605,8607],{},"In many ",[18,8603,7318],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,8606,4149],{}," yourself.",[14,8609,8610],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8612,8613],{},"Instead of this:",[54,8615,8617],{"className":56,"code":8616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8618,8619,8640,8644,8658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8620,8621,8624,8626,8628,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8622,8623],{"class":69},"my_list ",[63,8625,74],{"class":73},[63,8627,1091],{"class":81},[63,8629,86],{"class":85},[63,8631,89],{"class":81},[63,8633,92],{"class":85},[63,8635,89],{"class":81},[63,8637,97],{"class":85},[63,8639,186],{"class":81},[63,8641,8642],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8643,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,8645,8646,8648,8650,8652,8655],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,8647,7318],{"class":1155},[63,8649,8297],{"class":77},[63,8651,113],{"class":81},[63,8653,8654],{"class":145},"my_list",[63,8656,8657],{"class":81},"):\n",[63,8659,8660,8662,8664,8666,8669,8671],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,8661,8386],{"class":139},[63,8663,113],{"class":81},[63,8665,117],{"class":116},[63,8667,8668],{"class":120},"List has items",[63,8670,117],{"class":116},[63,8672,126],{"class":81},[14,8674,8675],{},"You can simply write:",[54,8677,8679],{"className":56,"code":8678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,8680,8681,8701,8705,8714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8682,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8684,8623],{"class":69},[63,8686,74],{"class":73},[63,8688,1091],{"class":81},[63,8690,86],{"class":85},[63,8692,89],{"class":81},[63,8694,92],{"class":85},[63,8696,89],{"class":81},[63,8698,97],{"class":85},[63,8700,186],{"class":81},[63,8702,8703],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8704,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,8706,8707,8709,8712],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,8708,7318],{"class":1155},[63,8710,8711],{"class":69}," my_list",[63,8713,6713],{"class":81},[63,8715,8716,8718,8720,8722,8724,8726],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,8717,8386],{"class":139},[63,8719,113],{"class":81},[63,8721,117],{"class":116},[63,8723,8668],{"class":120},[63,8725,117],{"class":116},[63,8727,126],{"class":81},[14,8729,8730],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8732,8733,8734,8736],{},"Using ",[18,8735,4149],{}," is still helpful when:",[29,8738,8739,8742,8750],{},[32,8740,8741],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[32,8743,8744,8745,1725,8747,8749],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,8746,3941],{},[18,8748,4010],{}," value",[32,8751,8752],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8754,8755,8756,259],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[196,8757,8758],{"href":2634},"Python type() function explained",[49,8760,3167],{"id":3166},[14,8762,8763,8764,259],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,8765,4149],{},[486,8767,8769,8770,8772,8773],{"id":8768},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,8771,8443],{}," to return ",[18,8774,4010],{},[14,8776,8777],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[54,8779,8780],{"className":56,"code":8038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8781,8782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8783,8784,8786,8788,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8785,140],{"class":139},[63,8787,113],{"class":81},[63,8789,4202],{"class":77},[63,8791,113],{"class":81},[63,8793,117],{"class":116},[63,8795,4010],{"class":120},[63,8797,117],{"class":116},[63,8799,100],{"class":81},[14,8801,163],{},[54,8803,8804],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8805,8806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8807,8808],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8809,4313],{"class":1205},[14,8811,8812,8813,7001],{},"Why? Because ",[18,8814,7000],{},[14,8816,8817],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[54,8819,8821],{"className":56,"code":8820,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,8822,8823,8835],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8824,8825,8827,8829,8831,8833],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8826,2782],{"class":69},[63,8828,74],{"class":73},[63,8830,824],{"class":116},[63,8832,4010],{"class":120},[63,8834,3694],{"class":116},[63,8836,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8838,140],{"class":139},[63,8840,113],{"class":81},[63,8842,2782],{"class":145},[63,8844,5019],{"class":73},[63,8846,824],{"class":116},[63,8848,3941],{"class":120},[63,8850,117],{"class":116},[63,8852,126],{"class":81},[14,8854,163],{},[54,8856,8857],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,8858,8859],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8860,8861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8862,1206],{"class":1205},[486,8864,8866],{"id":8865},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8868,8869,8871],{},[18,8870,3294],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[54,8873,8875],{"className":56,"code":8874,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8876,8877,8896],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8878,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887,8889,8892,8894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8880,2782],{"class":69},[63,8882,74],{"class":73},[63,8884,8557],{"class":139},[63,8886,113],{"class":81},[63,8888,117],{"class":116},[63,8890,8891],{"class":120},"Enter yes or no: ",[63,8893,117],{"class":116},[63,8895,126],{"class":81},[63,8897,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8899,140],{"class":139},[63,8901,113],{"class":81},[63,8903,4202],{"class":77},[63,8905,113],{"class":81},[63,8907,2807],{"class":145},[63,8909,100],{"class":81},[14,8911,8586,8912,8915,8916,8918,8919,8594],{},[18,8913,8914],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8917,3941],{}," because ",[18,8920,8921],{},"\"no\"",[14,8923,8924],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[54,8926,8928],{"className":56,"code":8927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8929,8930,8960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,8931,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8949,8952,8955,8958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,8933,2782],{"class":69},[63,8935,74],{"class":73},[63,8937,8557],{"class":139},[63,8939,113],{"class":81},[63,8941,117],{"class":116},[63,8943,8891],{"class":120},[63,8945,117],{"class":116},[63,8947,8948],{"class":81},").",[63,8950,8951],{"class":145},"strip",[63,8953,8954],{"class":81},"().",[63,8956,8957],{"class":145},"lower",[63,8959,279],{"class":81},[63,8961,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8975,8977],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,8963,140],{"class":139},[63,8965,113],{"class":81},[63,8967,2782],{"class":145},[63,8969,5019],{"class":73},[63,8971,824],{"class":116},[63,8973,8974],{"class":120},"yes",[63,8976,117],{"class":116},[63,8978,126],{"class":81},[14,8980,8981,8982,8984,8985,259],{},"This gives ",[18,8983,3941],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8986,8974],{},[486,8988,8990],{"id":8989},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8992,8993],{},"These are different:",[29,8995,8996,9000,9004,9008,9012],{},[32,8997,8998],{},[18,8999,4010],{},[32,9001,9002],{},[18,9003,687],{},[32,9005,9006],{},[18,9007,6592],{},[32,9009,9010],{},[18,9011,479],{},[32,9013,9014],{},[18,9015,4115],{},[14,9017,9018,9019,9021,9022,9024],{},"They all become ",[18,9020,4010],{}," with ",[18,9023,4149],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9026,9027],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[54,9029,9031],{"className":56,"code":9030,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,9032,9033,9041,9055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9034,9035,9037,9039],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9036,2782],{"class":69},[63,9038,74],{"class":73},[63,9040,8156],{"class":81},[63,9042,9043,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9044,140],{"class":139},[63,9046,113],{"class":81},[63,9048,3557],{"class":77},[63,9050,113],{"class":81},[63,9052,2807],{"class":145},[63,9054,100],{"class":81},[63,9056,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,9058,140],{"class":139},[63,9060,113],{"class":81},[63,9062,4202],{"class":77},[63,9064,113],{"class":81},[63,9066,2807],{"class":145},[63,9068,100],{"class":81},[14,9070,163],{},[54,9072,9074],{"className":56,"code":9073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,9075,9076,9090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9077,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9079,3626],{"class":73},[63,9081,3629],{"class":2402},[63,9083,203],{"class":116},[63,9085,276],{"class":120},[63,9087,193],{"class":116},[63,9089,3638],{"class":73},[63,9091,9092],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9093,1206],{"class":1205},[486,9095,8733,9097,9099],{"id":9096},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,9098,4128],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9101,9102,9103,9105],{},"In Python, ",[18,9104,4128],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[54,9107,9109],{"className":56,"code":9108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type({}))\n",[18,9110,9111],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9112,9113,9115,9117,9119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9114,140],{"class":139},[63,9116,113],{"class":81},[63,9118,3557],{"class":77},[63,9120,7778],{"class":81},[14,9122,163],{},[54,9124,9126],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,9127,9128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9129,9130,9132,9134,9136,9139,9141],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9131,3626],{"class":73},[63,9133,3629],{"class":2402},[63,9135,203],{"class":116},[63,9137,9138],{"class":120},"dict",[63,9140,193],{"class":116},[63,9142,3638],{"class":73},[14,9144,9145],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[54,9147,9149],{"className":56,"code":9148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,9150,9151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9152,9153,9155,9157,9159,9161,9163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9154,140],{"class":139},[63,9156,113],{"class":81},[63,9158,3557],{"class":77},[63,9160,113],{"class":81},[63,9162,6607],{"class":77},[63,9164,1561],{"class":81},[14,9166,163],{},[54,9168,9170],{"className":56,"code":9169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,9171,9172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9173,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9175,3626],{"class":73},[63,9177,3629],{"class":2402},[63,9179,203],{"class":116},[63,9181,6607],{"class":120},[63,9183,193],{"class":116},[63,9185,3638],{"class":73},[49,9187,9189],{"id":9188},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9191,9192,9193,9195],{},"If ",[18,9194,4149],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[54,9197,9199],{"className":56,"code":9198,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,9200,9201,9215,9229,9239,9257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9202,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9204,140],{"class":139},[63,9206,113],{"class":81},[63,9208,4202],{"class":77},[63,9210,113],{"class":81},[63,9212,2807],{"class":145},[63,9214,100],{"class":81},[63,9216,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9218,140],{"class":139},[63,9220,113],{"class":81},[63,9222,3557],{"class":77},[63,9224,113],{"class":81},[63,9226,2807],{"class":145},[63,9228,100],{"class":81},[63,9230,9231,9233,9235,9237],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,9232,140],{"class":139},[63,9234,113],{"class":81},[63,9236,2807],{"class":145},[63,9238,126],{"class":81},[63,9240,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,9242,140],{"class":139},[63,9244,113],{"class":81},[63,9246,2782],{"class":145},[63,9248,5019],{"class":73},[63,9250,824],{"class":116},[63,9252,3941],{"class":120},[63,9254,117],{"class":116},[63,9256,126],{"class":81},[63,9258,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,9260,140],{"class":139},[63,9262,113],{"class":81},[63,9264,2807],{"class":145},[63,9266,259],{"class":81},[63,9268,8951],{"class":145},[63,9270,8954],{"class":81},[63,9272,8957],{"class":145},[63,9274,7515],{"class":81},[14,9276,9277],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[29,9279,9280,9283,9286,9289],{},[32,9281,9282],{},"what the value really is",[32,9284,9285],{},"whether it is a string",[32,9287,9288],{},"whether it contains spaces",[32,9290,9291],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9293,9294,9295,259],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[196,9296,9298],{"href":9297},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[49,9300,2165],{"id":2164},[486,9302,9304],{"id":9303},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9306,9307,9308,1725,9310,259],{},"It returns either ",[18,9309,3941],{},[18,9311,4010],{},[486,9313,9315],{"id":9314},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9317,5475,9318,259],{},[18,9319,4010],{},[486,9321,9323],{"id":9322},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9325,9326,9327,259],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,9328,3941],{},[486,9330,9332],{"id":9331},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9334,9335,9336,259],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,9337,4010],{},[486,9339,9341],{"id":9340},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9343,9344,9345,1725,9347,4074],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,9346,3941],{},[18,9348,4010],{},[49,9350,2219],{"id":2218},[29,9352,9353,9358,9362,9367,9371,9376],{},[32,9354,9355],{},[196,9356,9357],{"href":6096},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[32,9359,9360],{},[196,9361,8424],{"href":8423},[32,9363,9364],{},[196,9365,9366],{"href":8534},"Python input() function explained",[32,9368,9369],{},[196,9370,8758],{"href":2634},[32,9372,9373],{},[196,9374,9375],{"href":9297},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9377,9378],{},[196,9379,9380],{"href":7531},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2259,9382,9383],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":9385},[9386,9387,9388,9389,9390,9391,9397,9403,9404,9412,9413,9420],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":7468,"depth":103,"text":7469},{"id":7535,"depth":103,"text":7536},{"id":7653,"depth":103,"text":7654},{"id":7848,"depth":103,"text":7849},{"id":8079,"depth":103,"text":8080,"children":9392},[9393,9394,9395,9396],{"id":8089,"depth":129,"text":8090},{"id":8183,"depth":129,"text":8184},{"id":8267,"depth":129,"text":8268},{"id":8340,"depth":129,"text":8341},{"id":8427,"depth":103,"text":8428,"children":9398},[9399,9401],{"id":8440,"depth":129,"text":9400},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8480,"depth":129,"text":9402},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8597,"depth":103,"text":8598},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":9405},[9406,9408,9409,9410],{"id":8768,"depth":129,"text":9407},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8865,"depth":129,"text":8866},{"id":8989,"depth":129,"text":8990},{"id":9096,"depth":129,"text":9411},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9188,"depth":103,"text":9189},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":9414},[9415,9416,9417,9418,9419],{"id":9303,"depth":129,"text":9304},{"id":9314,"depth":129,"text":9315},{"id":9322,"depth":129,"text":9323},{"id":9331,"depth":129,"text":9332},{"id":9340,"depth":129,"text":9341},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7295,"description":9421},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9428,"title":9429,"body":9430,"description":11611,"extension":2300,"meta":11612,"navigation":132,"path":11613,"seo":11614,"stem":11615,"__hash__":11616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9431,"toc":11573},[9432,9438,9443,9450,9455,9466,9473,9575,9579,9645,9650,9655,9660,9663,9674,9679,9682,9693,9700,9702,9707,9711,9736,9740,9749,9753,9816,9820,9853,9857,9902,9906,9943,9947,9950,10006,10010,10055,10058,10063,10102,10106,10129,10132,10146,10159,10163,10168,10235,10239,10275,10278,10286,10289,10353,10357,10389,10395,10397,10457,10464,10467,10544,10548,10581,10585,10588,10632,10636,10672,10675,10692,10695,10698,10751,10754,10765,10772,10781,10784,10841,10845,10886,10894,10902,10907,10915,10927,10932,10943,11016,11019,11031,11047,11051,11056,11060,11062,11105,11111,11114,11177,11181,11184,11193,11198,11235,11239,11242,11250,11253,11292,11296,11299,11350,11354,11375,11382,11384,11390,11417,11420,11475,11478,11489,11491,11498,11506,11512,11517,11524,11527,11534,11541,11543,11570],[10,9433,3912,9435,3916],{"id":9434},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,9436,9437],{},"dict()",[14,9439,16,9440,9442],{},[18,9441,9437],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9444,9445,9446,9449],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1217,9447,9448],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9451,9452,9454],{},[18,9453,9437],{}," is commonly used to:",[29,9456,9457,9460,9463],{},[32,9458,9459],{},"create an empty dictionary",[32,9461,9462],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,9464,9465],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9467,9468,9469,259],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[196,9470,9472],{"href":9471},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[54,9474,9476],{"className":56,"code":9475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,9477,9478,9512,9522,9526,9561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9479,9480,9482,9484,9487,9489,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9505,9507,9510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9481,2097],{"class":69},[63,9483,74],{"class":73},[63,9485,9486],{"class":77}," dict",[63,9488,113],{"class":81},[63,9490,816],{"class":9491},"s99_P",[63,9493,74],{"class":73},[63,9495,193],{"class":116},[63,9497,5334],{"class":120},[63,9499,193],{"class":116},[63,9501,89],{"class":81},[63,9503,9504],{"class":9491}," age",[63,9506,74],{"class":73},[63,9508,9509],{"class":85},"25",[63,9511,126],{"class":81},[63,9513,9514,9516,9518,9520],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9515,140],{"class":139},[63,9517,113],{"class":81},[63,9519,2138],{"class":145},[63,9521,126],{"class":81},[63,9523,9524],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,9525,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,9527,9528,9530,9532,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,9529,1804],{"class":69},[63,9531,74],{"class":73},[63,9533,9534],{"class":81}," [(",[63,9536,193],{"class":116},[63,9538,196],{"class":120},[63,9540,193],{"class":116},[63,9542,89],{"class":81},[63,9544,692],{"class":85},[63,9546,1684],{"class":81},[63,9548,1687],{"class":81},[63,9550,193],{"class":116},[63,9552,206],{"class":120},[63,9554,193],{"class":116},[63,9556,89],{"class":81},[63,9558,92],{"class":85},[63,9560,1704],{"class":81},[63,9562,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,9564,140],{"class":139},[63,9566,113],{"class":81},[63,9568,9138],{"class":77},[63,9570,113],{"class":81},[63,9572,1834],{"class":145},[63,9574,100],{"class":81},[14,9576,9577],{},[1217,9578,163],{},[54,9580,9582],{"className":56,"code":9581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9583,9584,9617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9585,9586,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9587,9588],{"class":81},"{",[63,9590,193],{"class":116},[63,9592,816],{"class":120},[63,9594,193],{"class":116},[63,9596,821],{"class":81},[63,9598,203],{"class":116},[63,9600,5334],{"class":120},[63,9602,193],{"class":116},[63,9604,89],{"class":81},[63,9606,203],{"class":116},[63,9608,836],{"class":120},[63,9610,193],{"class":116},[63,9612,821],{"class":81},[63,9614,843],{"class":85},[63,9616,846],{"class":81},[63,9618,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9620,9588],{"class":81},[63,9622,193],{"class":116},[63,9624,196],{"class":120},[63,9626,193],{"class":116},[63,9628,821],{"class":81},[63,9630,692],{"class":85},[63,9632,89],{"class":81},[63,9634,203],{"class":116},[63,9636,206],{"class":120},[63,9638,193],{"class":116},[63,9640,821],{"class":81},[63,9642,92],{"class":85},[63,9644,846],{"class":81},[14,9646,222,9647,9649],{},[18,9648,9437],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[49,9651,4014,9653,4017],{"id":9652},"what-dict-does",[18,9654,9437],{},[14,9656,9657,9659],{},[18,9658,9437],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9661,9662],{},"A dictionary:",[29,9664,9665,9668,9671],{},[32,9666,9667],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[32,9669,9670],{},"lets you look up values by key",[32,9672,9673],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9675,9676,9678],{},[18,9677,9437],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9680,9681],{},"Common uses include:",[29,9683,9684,9687,9690],{},[32,9685,9686],{},"making an empty dictionary",[32,9688,9689],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[32,9691,9692],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9694,9695,9696,259],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[196,9697,9699],{"href":9698},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[49,9701,263],{"id":262},[14,9703,9704,9706],{},[18,9705,9437],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[486,9708,9710],{"id":9709},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[54,9712,9714],{"className":56,"code":9713,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,9715,9716,9726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9717,9718,9720,9722,9724],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9719,2097],{"class":69},[63,9721,74],{"class":73},[63,9723,9486],{"class":77},[63,9725,279],{"class":81},[63,9727,9728,9730,9732,9734],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9729,140],{"class":139},[63,9731,113],{"class":81},[63,9733,2138],{"class":145},[63,9735,126],{"class":81},[14,9737,9738],{},[1217,9739,163],{},[54,9741,9743],{"className":56,"code":9742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n",[18,9744,9745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9746,9747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9748,9742],{"class":81},[486,9750,9752],{"id":9751},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[54,9754,9756],{"className":56,"code":9755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9757,9758,9792,9806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9759,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9761,1804],{"class":69},[63,9763,74],{"class":73},[63,9765,9534],{"class":81},[63,9767,193],{"class":116},[63,9769,196],{"class":120},[63,9771,193],{"class":116},[63,9773,89],{"class":81},[63,9775,692],{"class":85},[63,9777,1684],{"class":81},[63,9779,1687],{"class":81},[63,9781,193],{"class":116},[63,9783,206],{"class":120},[63,9785,193],{"class":116},[63,9787,89],{"class":81},[63,9789,92],{"class":85},[63,9791,1704],{"class":81},[63,9793,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9795,2097],{"class":69},[63,9797,74],{"class":73},[63,9799,9486],{"class":77},[63,9801,113],{"class":81},[63,9803,1834],{"class":145},[63,9805,126],{"class":81},[63,9807,9808,9810,9812,9814],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,9809,140],{"class":139},[63,9811,113],{"class":81},[63,9813,2138],{"class":145},[63,9815,126],{"class":81},[14,9817,9818],{},[1217,9819,163],{},[54,9821,9823],{"className":56,"code":9822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9824,9825],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9828,9588],{"class":81},[63,9830,193],{"class":116},[63,9832,196],{"class":120},[63,9834,193],{"class":116},[63,9836,821],{"class":81},[63,9838,692],{"class":85},[63,9840,89],{"class":81},[63,9842,203],{"class":116},[63,9844,206],{"class":120},[63,9846,193],{"class":116},[63,9848,821],{"class":81},[63,9850,92],{"class":85},[63,9852,846],{"class":81},[486,9854,9856],{"id":9855},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[54,9858,9860],{"className":56,"code":9859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9861,9862,9892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9863,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9865,2097],{"class":69},[63,9867,74],{"class":73},[63,9869,9486],{"class":77},[63,9871,113],{"class":81},[63,9873,816],{"class":9491},[63,9875,74],{"class":73},[63,9877,193],{"class":116},[63,9879,5334],{"class":120},[63,9881,193],{"class":116},[63,9883,89],{"class":81},[63,9885,9504],{"class":9491},[63,9887,74],{"class":73},[63,9889,9509],{"class":85},[63,9891,126],{"class":81},[63,9893,9894,9896,9898,9900],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9895,140],{"class":139},[63,9897,113],{"class":81},[63,9899,2138],{"class":145},[63,9901,126],{"class":81},[14,9903,9904],{},[1217,9905,163],{},[54,9907,9909],{"className":56,"code":9908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9910,9911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9912,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9914,9588],{"class":81},[63,9916,193],{"class":116},[63,9918,816],{"class":120},[63,9920,193],{"class":116},[63,9922,821],{"class":81},[63,9924,203],{"class":116},[63,9926,5334],{"class":120},[63,9928,193],{"class":116},[63,9930,89],{"class":81},[63,9932,203],{"class":116},[63,9934,836],{"class":120},[63,9936,193],{"class":116},[63,9938,821],{"class":81},[63,9940,843],{"class":85},[63,9942,846],{"class":81},[486,9944,9946],{"id":9945},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9948,9949],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[54,9951,9953],{"className":56,"code":9952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9954,9955,9996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,9956,9957,9959,9961,9963,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9990,9992,9994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,9958,2097],{"class":69},[63,9960,74],{"class":73},[63,9962,9486],{"class":77},[63,9964,9965],{"class":81},"([(",[63,9967,193],{"class":116},[63,9969,196],{"class":120},[63,9971,193],{"class":116},[63,9973,89],{"class":81},[63,9975,692],{"class":85},[63,9977,9978],{"class":81},")],",[63,9980,2895],{"class":9491},[63,9982,74],{"class":73},[63,9984,2394],{"class":85},[63,9986,89],{"class":81},[63,9988,9989],{"class":9491}," c",[63,9991,74],{"class":73},[63,9993,1248],{"class":85},[63,9995,126],{"class":81},[63,9997,9998,10000,10002,10004],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,9999,140],{"class":139},[63,10001,113],{"class":81},[63,10003,2138],{"class":145},[63,10005,126],{"class":81},[14,10007,10008],{},[1217,10009,163],{},[54,10011,10013],{"className":56,"code":10012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,10014,10015],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10016,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10018,9588],{"class":81},[63,10020,193],{"class":116},[63,10022,196],{"class":120},[63,10024,193],{"class":116},[63,10026,821],{"class":81},[63,10028,692],{"class":85},[63,10030,89],{"class":81},[63,10032,203],{"class":116},[63,10034,206],{"class":120},[63,10036,193],{"class":116},[63,10038,821],{"class":81},[63,10040,92],{"class":85},[63,10042,89],{"class":81},[63,10044,203],{"class":116},[63,10046,215],{"class":120},[63,10048,193],{"class":116},[63,10050,821],{"class":81},[63,10052,97],{"class":85},[63,10054,846],{"class":81},[49,10056,9710],{"id":10057},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10059,222,10060,10062],{},[18,10061,9437],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[54,10064,10066],{"className":56,"code":10065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,10067,10068,10078,10092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10069,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10071,2097],{"class":69},[63,10073,74],{"class":73},[63,10075,9486],{"class":77},[63,10077,279],{"class":81},[63,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10081,140],{"class":139},[63,10083,113],{"class":81},[63,10085,3557],{"class":77},[63,10087,113],{"class":81},[63,10089,2138],{"class":145},[63,10091,100],{"class":81},[63,10093,10094,10096,10098,10100],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,10095,140],{"class":139},[63,10097,113],{"class":81},[63,10099,2138],{"class":145},[63,10101,126],{"class":81},[14,10103,10104],{},[1217,10105,163],{},[54,10107,10109],{"className":56,"code":10108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,10110,10111,10125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10112,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10114,3626],{"class":73},[63,10116,3629],{"class":2402},[63,10118,203],{"class":116},[63,10120,9138],{"class":120},[63,10122,193],{"class":116},[63,10124,3638],{"class":73},[63,10126,10127],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10128,9742],{"class":81},[14,10130,10131],{},"This gives the same result as:",[54,10133,10135],{"className":56,"code":10134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n",[18,10136,10137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10138,10139,10141,10143],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10140,2097],{"class":69},[63,10142,74],{"class":73},[63,10144,10145],{"class":81}," {}\n",[14,10147,10148,10149,10151,10152,10155,10156,10158],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,10150,4128],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10153,10154],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,10157,9437],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[49,10160,10162],{"id":10161},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10164,10165,10166,259],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,10167,9437],{},[54,10169,10171],{"className":56,"code":10170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10172,10173,10211,10225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10174,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10176,1804],{"class":69},[63,10178,74],{"class":73},[63,10180,9534],{"class":81},[63,10182,193],{"class":116},[63,10184,816],{"class":120},[63,10186,193],{"class":116},[63,10188,89],{"class":81},[63,10190,203],{"class":116},[63,10192,5334],{"class":120},[63,10194,193],{"class":116},[63,10196,1684],{"class":81},[63,10198,1687],{"class":81},[63,10200,193],{"class":116},[63,10202,836],{"class":120},[63,10204,193],{"class":116},[63,10206,89],{"class":81},[63,10208,843],{"class":85},[63,10210,1704],{"class":81},[63,10212,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10214,2097],{"class":69},[63,10216,74],{"class":73},[63,10218,9486],{"class":77},[63,10220,113],{"class":81},[63,10222,1834],{"class":145},[63,10224,126],{"class":81},[63,10226,10227,10229,10231,10233],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,10228,140],{"class":139},[63,10230,113],{"class":81},[63,10232,2138],{"class":145},[63,10234,126],{"class":81},[14,10236,10237],{},[1217,10238,163],{},[54,10240,10241],{"className":56,"code":9908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,10242,10243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10244,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10246,9588],{"class":81},[63,10248,193],{"class":116},[63,10250,816],{"class":120},[63,10252,193],{"class":116},[63,10254,821],{"class":81},[63,10256,203],{"class":116},[63,10258,5334],{"class":120},[63,10260,193],{"class":116},[63,10262,89],{"class":81},[63,10264,203],{"class":116},[63,10266,836],{"class":120},[63,10268,193],{"class":116},[63,10270,821],{"class":81},[63,10272,843],{"class":85},[63,10274,846],{"class":81},[14,10276,10277],{},"Each pair becomes:",[29,10279,10280,10283],{},[32,10281,10282],{},"the first item as the key",[32,10284,10285],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10287,10288],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[54,10290,10292],{"className":56,"code":10291,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10293,10294,10329,10343],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10295,10296,10298,10300,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10297,1804],{"class":69},[63,10299,74],{"class":73},[63,10301,10302],{"class":81}," ((",[63,10304,193],{"class":116},[63,10306,196],{"class":120},[63,10308,193],{"class":116},[63,10310,89],{"class":81},[63,10312,692],{"class":85},[63,10314,1684],{"class":81},[63,10316,1687],{"class":81},[63,10318,193],{"class":116},[63,10320,206],{"class":120},[63,10322,193],{"class":116},[63,10324,89],{"class":81},[63,10326,92],{"class":85},[63,10328,100],{"class":81},[63,10330,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10332,2097],{"class":69},[63,10334,74],{"class":73},[63,10336,9486],{"class":77},[63,10338,113],{"class":81},[63,10340,1834],{"class":145},[63,10342,126],{"class":81},[63,10344,10345,10347,10349,10351],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,10346,140],{"class":139},[63,10348,113],{"class":81},[63,10350,2138],{"class":145},[63,10352,126],{"class":81},[14,10354,10355],{},[1217,10356,163],{},[54,10358,10359],{"className":56,"code":9822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,10360,10361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10362,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10364,9588],{"class":81},[63,10366,193],{"class":116},[63,10368,196],{"class":120},[63,10370,193],{"class":116},[63,10372,821],{"class":81},[63,10374,692],{"class":85},[63,10376,89],{"class":81},[63,10378,203],{"class":116},[63,10380,206],{"class":120},[63,10382,193],{"class":116},[63,10384,821],{"class":81},[63,10386,92],{"class":85},[63,10388,846],{"class":81},[14,10390,10391,10392,259],{},"Each item must contain ",[1217,10393,10394],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10396,3174],{},[54,10398,10400],{"className":56,"code":10399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,10401,10402,10442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10403,10404,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10405,10406],{"class":69},"bad_data ",[63,10408,74],{"class":73},[63,10410,9534],{"class":81},[63,10412,193],{"class":116},[63,10414,196],{"class":120},[63,10416,193],{"class":116},[63,10418,89],{"class":81},[63,10420,692],{"class":85},[63,10422,89],{"class":81},[63,10424,10425],{"class":85}," 100",[63,10427,1684],{"class":81},[63,10429,1687],{"class":81},[63,10431,193],{"class":116},[63,10433,206],{"class":120},[63,10435,193],{"class":116},[63,10437,89],{"class":81},[63,10439,92],{"class":85},[63,10441,1704],{"class":81},[63,10443,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10455],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10445,851],{"class":69},[63,10447,74],{"class":73},[63,10449,9486],{"class":77},[63,10451,113],{"class":81},[63,10453,10454],{"class":145},"bad_data",[63,10456,126],{"class":81},[14,10458,10459,10460,10463],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,10461,10462],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10465,10466],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[54,10468,10470],{"className":56,"code":10469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10471,10472,10520,10534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10473,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10475,1804],{"class":69},[63,10477,74],{"class":73},[63,10479,9534],{"class":81},[63,10481,193],{"class":116},[63,10483,196],{"class":120},[63,10485,193],{"class":116},[63,10487,89],{"class":81},[63,10489,692],{"class":85},[63,10491,1684],{"class":81},[63,10493,1687],{"class":81},[63,10495,193],{"class":116},[63,10497,196],{"class":120},[63,10499,193],{"class":116},[63,10501,89],{"class":81},[63,10503,1341],{"class":85},[63,10505,1684],{"class":81},[63,10507,1687],{"class":81},[63,10509,193],{"class":116},[63,10511,206],{"class":120},[63,10513,193],{"class":116},[63,10515,89],{"class":81},[63,10517,92],{"class":85},[63,10519,1704],{"class":81},[63,10521,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10523,2097],{"class":69},[63,10525,74],{"class":73},[63,10527,9486],{"class":77},[63,10529,113],{"class":81},[63,10531,1834],{"class":145},[63,10533,126],{"class":81},[63,10535,10536,10538,10540,10542],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,10537,140],{"class":139},[63,10539,113],{"class":81},[63,10541,2138],{"class":145},[63,10543,126],{"class":81},[14,10545,10546],{},[1217,10547,163],{},[54,10549,10551],{"className":56,"code":10550,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,10552,10553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10554,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10556,9588],{"class":81},[63,10558,193],{"class":116},[63,10560,196],{"class":120},[63,10562,193],{"class":116},[63,10564,821],{"class":81},[63,10566,1341],{"class":85},[63,10568,89],{"class":81},[63,10570,203],{"class":116},[63,10572,206],{"class":120},[63,10574,193],{"class":116},[63,10576,821],{"class":81},[63,10578,92],{"class":85},[63,10580,846],{"class":81},[49,10582,10584],{"id":10583},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10586,10587],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[54,10589,10590],{"className":56,"code":9859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,10591,10592,10622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10593,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10595,2097],{"class":69},[63,10597,74],{"class":73},[63,10599,9486],{"class":77},[63,10601,113],{"class":81},[63,10603,816],{"class":9491},[63,10605,74],{"class":73},[63,10607,193],{"class":116},[63,10609,5334],{"class":120},[63,10611,193],{"class":116},[63,10613,89],{"class":81},[63,10615,9504],{"class":9491},[63,10617,74],{"class":73},[63,10619,9509],{"class":85},[63,10621,126],{"class":81},[63,10623,10624,10626,10628,10630],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10625,140],{"class":139},[63,10627,113],{"class":81},[63,10629,2138],{"class":145},[63,10631,126],{"class":81},[14,10633,10634],{},[1217,10635,163],{},[54,10637,10638],{"className":56,"code":9908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,10639,10640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10641,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10643,9588],{"class":81},[63,10645,193],{"class":116},[63,10647,816],{"class":120},[63,10649,193],{"class":116},[63,10651,821],{"class":81},[63,10653,203],{"class":116},[63,10655,5334],{"class":120},[63,10657,193],{"class":116},[63,10659,89],{"class":81},[63,10661,203],{"class":116},[63,10663,836],{"class":120},[63,10665,193],{"class":116},[63,10667,821],{"class":81},[63,10669,843],{"class":85},[63,10671,846],{"class":81},[14,10673,10674],{},"In this form:",[29,10676,10677,10685],{},[32,10678,10679,10681,10682],{},[18,10680,816],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,10683,10684],{},"'name'",[32,10686,10687,10681,10689],{},[18,10688,836],{},[18,10690,10691],{},"'age'",[14,10693,10694],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10696,10697],{},"Valid examples:",[54,10699,10701],{"className":56,"code":10700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10702,10703,10741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10704,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10716,10718,10720,10723,10725,10727,10730,10732,10734,10737,10739],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10706,2097],{"class":69},[63,10708,74],{"class":73},[63,10710,9486],{"class":77},[63,10712,113],{"class":81},[63,10714,10715],{"class":9491},"city",[63,10717,74],{"class":73},[63,10719,193],{"class":116},[63,10721,10722],{"class":120},"Paris",[63,10724,193],{"class":116},[63,10726,89],{"class":81},[63,10728,10729],{"class":9491}," country",[63,10731,74],{"class":73},[63,10733,193],{"class":116},[63,10735,10736],{"class":120},"France",[63,10738,193],{"class":116},[63,10740,126],{"class":81},[63,10742,10743,10745,10747,10749],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10744,140],{"class":139},[63,10746,113],{"class":81},[63,10748,2138],{"class":145},[63,10750,126],{"class":81},[14,10752,10753],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[29,10755,10756,10759,10762],{},[32,10757,10758],{},"spaces",[32,10760,10761],{},"hyphens",[32,10763,10764],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10766,10767,10768,10771],{},"For example, this is ",[1217,10769,10770],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[54,10773,10775],{"className":56,"code":10774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,10776,10777],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10778,10779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10780,10774],{"class":1910},[14,10782,10783],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[54,10785,10787],{"className":56,"code":10786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10788,10789,10831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10790,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10792,2097],{"class":69},[63,10794,74],{"class":73},[63,10796,811],{"class":81},[63,10798,193],{"class":116},[63,10800,10801],{"class":120},"first-name",[63,10803,193],{"class":116},[63,10805,821],{"class":81},[63,10807,203],{"class":116},[63,10809,7997],{"class":120},[63,10811,193],{"class":116},[63,10813,89],{"class":81},[63,10815,203],{"class":116},[63,10817,10818],{"class":120},"first name",[63,10820,193],{"class":116},[63,10822,821],{"class":81},[63,10824,203],{"class":116},[63,10826,7997],{"class":120},[63,10828,193],{"class":116},[63,10830,846],{"class":81},[63,10832,10833,10835,10837,10839],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10834,140],{"class":139},[63,10836,113],{"class":81},[63,10838,2138],{"class":145},[63,10840,126],{"class":81},[14,10842,10843],{},[1217,10844,163],{},[54,10846,10848],{"className":56,"code":10847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10849,10850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10851,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10853,9588],{"class":81},[63,10855,193],{"class":116},[63,10857,10801],{"class":120},[63,10859,193],{"class":116},[63,10861,821],{"class":81},[63,10863,203],{"class":116},[63,10865,7997],{"class":120},[63,10867,193],{"class":116},[63,10869,89],{"class":81},[63,10871,203],{"class":116},[63,10873,10818],{"class":120},[63,10875,193],{"class":116},[63,10877,821],{"class":81},[63,10879,203],{"class":116},[63,10881,7997],{"class":120},[63,10883,193],{"class":116},[63,10885,846],{"class":81},[49,10887,10889,10891,10892],{"id":10888},"dict-vs",[18,10890,9437],{}," vs ",[18,10893,4128],{},[14,10895,10896,10897,4726,10899,10901],{},"Both ",[18,10898,9437],{},[18,10900,4128],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[486,10903,222,10905,1716],{"id":10904},"use-when",[18,10906,4128],{},[29,10908,10909,10912],{},[32,10910,10911],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[32,10913,10914],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[54,10916,10917],{"className":56,"code":10134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,10918,10919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10920,10921,10923,10925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10922,2097],{"class":69},[63,10924,74],{"class":73},[63,10926,10145],{"class":81},[486,10928,222,10930,1716],{"id":10929},"use-dict-when",[18,10931,9437],{},[29,10933,10934,10937,10940],{},[32,10935,10936],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[32,10938,10939],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[32,10941,10942],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[54,10944,10946],{"className":56,"code":10945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10947,10948,10985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,10949,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,10951,2097],{"class":69},[63,10953,74],{"class":73},[63,10955,9486],{"class":77},[63,10957,9965],{"class":81},[63,10959,193],{"class":116},[63,10961,196],{"class":120},[63,10963,193],{"class":116},[63,10965,89],{"class":81},[63,10967,692],{"class":85},[63,10969,1684],{"class":81},[63,10971,1687],{"class":81},[63,10973,193],{"class":116},[63,10975,206],{"class":120},[63,10977,193],{"class":116},[63,10979,89],{"class":81},[63,10981,92],{"class":85},[63,10983,10984],{"class":81},")])\n",[63,10986,10987,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,10988,10989],{"class":69},"info ",[63,10991,74],{"class":73},[63,10993,9486],{"class":77},[63,10995,113],{"class":81},[63,10997,816],{"class":9491},[63,10999,74],{"class":73},[63,11001,193],{"class":116},[63,11003,5334],{"class":120},[63,11005,193],{"class":116},[63,11007,89],{"class":81},[63,11009,9504],{"class":9491},[63,11011,74],{"class":73},[63,11013,9509],{"class":85},[63,11015,126],{"class":81},[14,11017,11018],{},"So:",[29,11020,11021,11026],{},[32,11022,11023,11025],{},[18,11024,4128],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[32,11027,11028,11030],{},[18,11029,9437],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11032,11033,11034,11038,11039,259],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[196,11035,11037],{"href":11036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[196,11040,11042,11043,11046],{"href":11041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,11044,11045],{},"get()"," method",[49,11048,11050],{"id":11049},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11052,11053,11054,259],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,11055,9437],{},[486,11057,11059],{"id":11058},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11061,1900],{},[54,11063,11065],{"className":56,"code":11064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,11066,11067,11091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11068,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11070,342],{"class":69},[63,11072,74],{"class":73},[63,11074,1091],{"class":81},[63,11076,193],{"class":116},[63,11078,196],{"class":120},[63,11080,193],{"class":116},[63,11082,89],{"class":81},[63,11084,203],{"class":116},[63,11086,206],{"class":120},[63,11088,193],{"class":116},[63,11090,186],{"class":81},[63,11092,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11094,2097],{"class":69},[63,11096,74],{"class":73},[63,11098,9486],{"class":77},[63,11100,113],{"class":81},[63,11102,357],{"class":145},[63,11104,126],{"class":81},[14,11106,11107,11108,259],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,11109,11110],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11112,11113],{},"Correct version:",[54,11115,11117],{"className":56,"code":11116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,11118,11119,11153,11167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11120,11121,11123,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11122,342],{"class":69},[63,11124,74],{"class":73},[63,11126,9534],{"class":81},[63,11128,193],{"class":116},[63,11130,196],{"class":120},[63,11132,193],{"class":116},[63,11134,89],{"class":81},[63,11136,692],{"class":85},[63,11138,1684],{"class":81},[63,11140,1687],{"class":81},[63,11142,193],{"class":116},[63,11144,206],{"class":120},[63,11146,193],{"class":116},[63,11148,89],{"class":81},[63,11150,92],{"class":85},[63,11152,1704],{"class":81},[63,11154,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11156,2097],{"class":69},[63,11158,74],{"class":73},[63,11160,9486],{"class":77},[63,11162,113],{"class":81},[63,11164,357],{"class":145},[63,11166,126],{"class":81},[63,11168,11169,11171,11173,11175],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,11170,140],{"class":139},[63,11172,113],{"class":81},[63,11174,2138],{"class":145},[63,11176,126],{"class":81},[486,11178,11180],{"id":11179},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11182,11183],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[54,11185,11187],{"className":56,"code":11186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,11188,11189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11190,11191],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11192,11186],{"class":1910},[14,11194,11195,11196,821],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,11197,74],{},[54,11199,11201],{"className":56,"code":11200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,11202,11203,11225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11204,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11206,2097],{"class":69},[63,11208,74],{"class":73},[63,11210,9486],{"class":77},[63,11212,113],{"class":81},[63,11214,816],{"class":9491},[63,11216,74],{"class":73},[63,11218,193],{"class":116},[63,11220,5334],{"class":120},[63,11222,193],{"class":116},[63,11224,126],{"class":81},[63,11226,11227,11229,11231,11233],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11228,140],{"class":139},[63,11230,113],{"class":81},[63,11232,2138],{"class":145},[63,11234,126],{"class":81},[486,11236,11238],{"id":11237},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11240,11241],{},"This will not work:",[54,11243,11244],{"className":56,"code":10774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,11245,11246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11247,11248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11249,10774],{"class":1910},[14,11251,11252],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[54,11254,11256],{"className":56,"code":11255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,11257,11258,11282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11259,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11261,2097],{"class":69},[63,11263,74],{"class":73},[63,11265,811],{"class":81},[63,11267,193],{"class":116},[63,11269,10801],{"class":120},[63,11271,193],{"class":116},[63,11273,821],{"class":81},[63,11275,203],{"class":116},[63,11277,7997],{"class":120},[63,11279,193],{"class":116},[63,11281,846],{"class":81},[63,11283,11284,11286,11288,11290],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11285,140],{"class":139},[63,11287,113],{"class":81},[63,11289,2138],{"class":145},[63,11291,126],{"class":81},[486,11293,11295],{"id":11294},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11297,11298],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[54,11300,11302],{"className":56,"code":11301,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,11303,11304,11340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11305,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11307,2097],{"class":69},[63,11309,74],{"class":73},[63,11311,9486],{"class":77},[63,11313,9965],{"class":81},[63,11315,193],{"class":116},[63,11317,2509],{"class":120},[63,11319,193],{"class":116},[63,11321,89],{"class":81},[63,11323,692],{"class":85},[63,11325,1684],{"class":81},[63,11327,1687],{"class":81},[63,11329,193],{"class":116},[63,11331,2509],{"class":120},[63,11333,193],{"class":116},[63,11335,89],{"class":81},[63,11337,92],{"class":85},[63,11339,10984],{"class":81},[63,11341,11342,11344,11346,11348],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11343,140],{"class":139},[63,11345,113],{"class":81},[63,11347,2138],{"class":145},[63,11349,126],{"class":81},[14,11351,11352],{},[1217,11353,163],{},[54,11355,11357],{"className":56,"code":11356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,11358,11359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11360,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11362,9588],{"class":81},[63,11364,193],{"class":116},[63,11366,2509],{"class":120},[63,11368,193],{"class":116},[63,11370,821],{"class":81},[63,11372,92],{"class":85},[63,11374,846],{"class":81},[14,11376,11377,11378,259],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[196,11379,11381],{"href":11380},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[49,11383,3167],{"id":3166},[14,11385,11386,11387,11389],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,11388,9437],{}," include:",[29,11391,11392,11402,11408,11411],{},[32,11393,11394,11395,11398,11399],{},"passing a list like ",[18,11396,11397],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,11400,11401],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[32,11403,11404,11405],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,11406,11407],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[32,11409,11410],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[32,11412,11413,11414,11416],{},"confusing ",[18,11415,9437],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11418,11419],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,11421,11423],{"className":56,"code":11422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,11424,11425,11439,11449,11460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11426,11427,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11428,140],{"class":139},[63,11430,113],{"class":81},[63,11432,3557],{"class":77},[63,11434,113],{"class":81},[63,11436,2138],{"class":145},[63,11438,100],{"class":81},[63,11440,11441,11443,11445,11447],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11442,140],{"class":139},[63,11444,113],{"class":81},[63,11446,2138],{"class":145},[63,11448,126],{"class":81},[63,11450,11451,11453,11455,11458],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,11452,140],{"class":139},[63,11454,113],{"class":81},[63,11456,11457],{"class":145},"list_of_pairs",[63,11459,126],{"class":81},[63,11461,11462,11464,11466,11469,11471,11473],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,11463,140],{"class":139},[63,11465,113],{"class":81},[63,11467,11468],{"class":139},"len",[63,11470,113],{"class":81},[63,11472,11457],{"class":145},[63,11474,100],{"class":81},[14,11476,11477],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[29,11479,11480,11483,11486],{},[32,11481,11482],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[32,11484,11485],{},"what data is being passed in",[32,11487,11488],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[49,11490,2165],{"id":2164},[486,11492,2169,11494,4726,11496,2827],{"id":11493},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,11495,9437],{},[18,11497,4128],{},[14,11499,11500,11502,11503,11505],{},[18,11501,4128],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,11504,9437],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[486,11507,5497,11509,11511],{"id":11508},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,11510,9437],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11513,11514,11515,259],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,11516,11401],{},[486,11518,5485,11520,11523],{"id":11519},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,11521,11522],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11525,11526],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[486,11528,11530,11531,11533],{"id":11529},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,11532,9437],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11535,11536,11537,11540],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,11538,11539],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[49,11542,2219],{"id":2218},[29,11544,11545,11550,11554,11559,11565],{},[32,11546,11547],{},[196,11548,11549],{"href":9698},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[32,11551,11552],{},[196,11553,9472],{"href":9471},[32,11555,11556],{},[196,11557,11558],{"href":11036},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,11560,11561],{},[196,11562,11042,11563,11046],{"href":11041},[18,11564,11045],{},[32,11566,11567],{},[196,11568,11569],{"href":11380},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2259,11571,11572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":11574},[11575,11577,11583,11584,11585,11586,11593,11599,11600,11610],{"id":9652,"depth":103,"text":11576},"What dict() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":11578},[11579,11580,11581,11582],{"id":9709,"depth":129,"text":9710},{"id":9751,"depth":129,"text":9752},{"id":9855,"depth":129,"text":9856},{"id":9945,"depth":129,"text":9946},{"id":10057,"depth":103,"text":9710},{"id":10161,"depth":103,"text":10162},{"id":10583,"depth":103,"text":10584},{"id":10888,"depth":103,"text":11587,"children":11588},"dict() vs {}",[11589,11591],{"id":10904,"depth":129,"text":11590},"Use {} when:",{"id":10929,"depth":129,"text":11592},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11049,"depth":103,"text":11050,"children":11594},[11595,11596,11597,11598],{"id":11058,"depth":129,"text":11059},{"id":11179,"depth":129,"text":11180},{"id":11237,"depth":129,"text":11238},{"id":11294,"depth":129,"text":11295},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":11601},[11602,11604,11606,11608],{"id":11493,"depth":129,"text":11603},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11508,"depth":129,"text":11605},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11519,"depth":129,"text":11607},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11529,"depth":129,"text":11609},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9429,"description":11611},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11618,"title":11619,"body":11620,"description":13129,"extension":2300,"meta":13130,"navigation":132,"path":13131,"seo":13132,"stem":13133,"__hash__":13134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11621,"toc":13098},[11622,11630,11636,11643,11645,11706,11711,11716,11721,11739,11742,11746,11748,11764,11767,11780,11784,11787,11921,11923,11990,11993,12009,12015,12021,12024,12106,12108,12122,12126,12132,12197,12199,12207,12210,12233,12239,12302,12308,12311,12325,12338,12342,12353,12358,12369,12376,12380,12386,12505,12507,12533,12536,12553,12556,12667,12669,12718,12720,12733,12742,12747,12752,12763,12765,12868,12891,12893,12897,12916,12919,12977,12980,13006,13008,13015,13018,13024,13028,13035,13043,13049,13052,13054,13095],[10,11623,11625,11626,11629],{"id":11624},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,11627,11628],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11631,11632,11635],{},[18,11633,11634],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11637,11638,11639,11642],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1217,11640,11641],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[49,11644,52],{"id":51},[54,11646,11648],{"className":56,"code":11647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,11649,11650,11682,11693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11651,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11653,2097],{"class":69},[63,11655,74],{"class":73},[63,11657,811],{"class":81},[63,11659,117],{"class":116},[63,11661,196],{"class":120},[63,11663,117],{"class":116},[63,11665,821],{"class":81},[63,11667,692],{"class":85},[63,11669,89],{"class":81},[63,11671,824],{"class":116},[63,11673,206],{"class":120},[63,11675,117],{"class":116},[63,11677,821],{"class":81},[63,11679,92],{"class":85},[63,11681,846],{"class":81},[63,11683,11684,11686,11688,11691],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11685,2138],{"class":69},[63,11687,259],{"class":81},[63,11689,11690],{"class":145},"clear",[63,11692,279],{"class":81},[63,11694,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,11696,140],{"class":139},[63,11698,113],{"class":81},[63,11700,2138],{"class":145},[63,11702,3997],{"class":81},[63,11704,11705],{"class":1910},"  # {}\n",[14,11707,11708,11710],{},[18,11709,11628],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[49,11712,4014,11714,4017],{"id":11713},"what-clear-does",[18,11715,11628],{},[14,11717,2317,11718,11720],{},[18,11719,11628],{}," method:",[29,11722,11723,11726,11729,11734],{},[32,11724,11725],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[32,11727,11728],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[32,11730,11731,11732],{},"Returns ",[18,11733,4115],{},[32,11735,11736,11737],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,11738,4128],{},[14,11740,11741],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11743,9468,11744,259],{},[196,11745,9472],{"href":9471},[49,11747,263],{"id":262},[54,11749,11751],{"className":56,"code":11750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,11752,11753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11754,11755,11758,11760,11762],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11756,11757],{"class":69},"my_dict",[63,11759,259],{"class":81},[63,11761,11690],{"class":145},[63,11763,279],{"class":81},[14,11765,11766],{},"Important points:",[29,11768,11769,11774,11777],{},[32,11770,11771,11773],{},[18,11772,11628],{}," takes no arguments",[32,11775,11776],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[32,11778,11779],{},"It empties that dictionary",[49,11781,11783],{"id":11782},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11785,11786],{},"Here is a basic example:",[54,11788,11790],{"className":56,"code":11789,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,11791,11792,11802,11823,11837,11854,11858,11862,11882,11886,11897,11901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11793,11794,11797,11799],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11795,11796],{"class":69},"user ",[63,11798,74],{"class":73},[63,11800,11801],{"class":81}," {\n",[63,11803,11804,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11818,11820],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11805,11806],{"class":116},"    \"",[63,11808,816],{"class":120},[63,11810,117],{"class":116},[63,11812,821],{"class":81},[63,11814,824],{"class":116},[63,11816,11817],{"class":120},"Maya",[63,11819,117],{"class":116},[63,11821,11822],{"class":81},",\n",[63,11824,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,11826,11806],{"class":116},[63,11828,836],{"class":120},[63,11830,117],{"class":116},[63,11832,821],{"class":81},[63,11834,843],{"class":85},[63,11836,11822],{"class":81},[63,11838,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11852],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,11840,11806],{"class":116},[63,11842,10715],{"class":120},[63,11844,117],{"class":116},[63,11846,821],{"class":81},[63,11848,824],{"class":116},[63,11850,11851],{"class":120},"Berlin",[63,11853,3694],{"class":116},[63,11855,11856],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,11857,846],{"class":81},[63,11859,11860],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,11861,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,11863,11864,11866,11868,11870,11873,11875,11877,11880],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,11865,140],{"class":139},[63,11867,113],{"class":81},[63,11869,117],{"class":116},[63,11871,11872],{"class":120},"Before:",[63,11874,117],{"class":116},[63,11876,89],{"class":81},[63,11878,11879],{"class":145}," user",[63,11881,126],{"class":81},[63,11883,11884],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,11885,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,11887,11888,11891,11893,11895],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,11889,11890],{"class":69},"user",[63,11892,259],{"class":81},[63,11894,11690],{"class":145},[63,11896,279],{"class":81},[63,11898,11899],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,11900,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910,11913,11915,11917,11919],{"class":65,"line":11903},11,[63,11905,140],{"class":139},[63,11907,113],{"class":81},[63,11909,117],{"class":116},[63,11911,11912],{"class":120},"After:",[63,11914,117],{"class":116},[63,11916,89],{"class":81},[63,11918,11879],{"class":145},[63,11920,126],{"class":81},[14,11922,5879],{},[54,11924,11926],{"className":56,"code":11925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11927,11928,11981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,11929,11930,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,11931,11932],{"class":69},"Before",[63,11934,821],{"class":81},[63,11936,811],{"class":81},[63,11938,193],{"class":116},[63,11940,816],{"class":120},[63,11942,193],{"class":116},[63,11944,821],{"class":81},[63,11946,203],{"class":116},[63,11948,11817],{"class":120},[63,11950,193],{"class":116},[63,11952,89],{"class":81},[63,11954,203],{"class":116},[63,11956,836],{"class":120},[63,11958,193],{"class":116},[63,11960,821],{"class":81},[63,11962,843],{"class":85},[63,11964,89],{"class":81},[63,11966,203],{"class":116},[63,11968,10715],{"class":120},[63,11970,193],{"class":116},[63,11972,821],{"class":81},[63,11974,203],{"class":116},[63,11976,11851],{"class":120},[63,11978,193],{"class":116},[63,11980,846],{"class":81},[63,11982,11983,11986,11988],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,11984,11985],{"class":69},"After",[63,11987,821],{"class":81},[63,11989,10145],{"class":81},[14,11991,11992],{},"What happens here:",[29,11994,11995,12000,12006],{},[32,11996,11997,11999],{},[18,11998,11890],{}," starts with three items",[32,12001,12002,12005],{},[18,12003,12004],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[32,12007,12008],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[49,12010,4014,12012,12014],{"id":12011},"what-clear-returns",[18,12013,11628],{}," returns",[14,12016,12017,2732,12019,259],{},[18,12018,11628],{},[18,12020,4115],{},[14,12022,12023],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,12025,12027],{"className":56,"code":12026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12028,12029,12063,12067,12082,12086,12096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12030,12031,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12055,12057,12059,12061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12032,12033],{"class":69},"my_dict ",[63,12035,74],{"class":73},[63,12037,811],{"class":81},[63,12039,117],{"class":116},[63,12041,2509],{"class":120},[63,12043,117],{"class":116},[63,12045,821],{"class":81},[63,12047,692],{"class":85},[63,12049,89],{"class":81},[63,12051,824],{"class":116},[63,12053,12054],{"class":120},"y",[63,12056,117],{"class":116},[63,12058,821],{"class":81},[63,12060,92],{"class":85},[63,12062,846],{"class":81},[63,12064,12065],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12066,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12068,12069,12071,12073,12076,12078,12080],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12070,851],{"class":69},[63,12072,74],{"class":73},[63,12074,12075],{"class":69}," my_dict",[63,12077,259],{"class":81},[63,12079,11690],{"class":145},[63,12081,279],{"class":81},[63,12083,12084],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12085,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12087,12088,12090,12092,12094],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,12089,140],{"class":139},[63,12091,113],{"class":81},[63,12093,875],{"class":145},[63,12095,126],{"class":81},[63,12097,12098,12100,12102,12104],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,12099,140],{"class":139},[63,12101,113],{"class":81},[63,12103,11757],{"class":145},[63,12105,126],{"class":81},[14,12107,163],{},[54,12109,12111],{"className":56,"code":12110,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{}\n",[18,12112,12113,12118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12114,12115],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12116,12117],{"class":1205},"None\n",[63,12119,12120],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12121,9742],{"class":81},[486,12123,12125],{"id":12124},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12127,12128,12129,12131],{},"Do ",[1217,12130,4961],{}," do this:",[54,12133,12135],{"className":56,"code":12134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,12136,12137,12169,12183,12187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12138,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165,12167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12140,12033],{"class":69},[63,12142,74],{"class":73},[63,12144,811],{"class":81},[63,12146,117],{"class":116},[63,12148,2509],{"class":120},[63,12150,117],{"class":116},[63,12152,821],{"class":81},[63,12154,692],{"class":85},[63,12156,89],{"class":81},[63,12158,824],{"class":116},[63,12160,12054],{"class":120},[63,12162,117],{"class":116},[63,12164,821],{"class":81},[63,12166,92],{"class":85},[63,12168,846],{"class":81},[63,12170,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12172,12033],{"class":69},[63,12174,74],{"class":73},[63,12176,12075],{"class":69},[63,12178,259],{"class":81},[63,12180,11690],{"class":145},[63,12182,279],{"class":81},[63,12184,12185],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12186,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12188,12189,12191,12193,12195],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12190,140],{"class":139},[63,12192,113],{"class":81},[63,12194,11757],{"class":145},[63,12196,126],{"class":81},[14,12198,163],{},[54,12200,12201],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,12202,12203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12204,12205],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12206,12117],{"class":1205},[14,12208,12209],{},"Why this happens:",[29,12211,12212,12218,12223],{},[32,12213,12214,12217],{},[18,12215,12216],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[32,12219,12220,12221],{},"The method returns ",[18,12222,4115],{},[32,12224,12225,12226,12229,12230,12232],{},"Then ",[18,12227,12228],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,12231,4115],{}," in the variable",[14,12234,12235,12236,12238],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,12237,11628],{}," by itself:",[54,12240,12242],{"className":56,"code":12241,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,12243,12244,12276,12286,12290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12245,12246,12248,12250,12252,12254,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12247,12033],{"class":69},[63,12249,74],{"class":73},[63,12251,811],{"class":81},[63,12253,117],{"class":116},[63,12255,2509],{"class":120},[63,12257,117],{"class":116},[63,12259,821],{"class":81},[63,12261,692],{"class":85},[63,12263,89],{"class":81},[63,12265,824],{"class":116},[63,12267,12054],{"class":120},[63,12269,117],{"class":116},[63,12271,821],{"class":81},[63,12273,92],{"class":85},[63,12275,846],{"class":81},[63,12277,12278,12280,12282,12284],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12279,11757],{"class":69},[63,12281,259],{"class":81},[63,12283,11690],{"class":145},[63,12285,279],{"class":81},[63,12287,12288],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12289,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12291,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12293,140],{"class":139},[63,12295,113],{"class":81},[63,12297,11757],{"class":145},[63,12299,3997],{"class":81},[63,12301,11705],{"class":1910},[49,12303,12305,12307],{"id":12304},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,12306,11628],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12309,12310],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[54,12312,12313],{"className":56,"code":11750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,12314,12315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12316,12317,12319,12321,12323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12318,11757],{"class":69},[63,12320,259],{"class":81},[63,12322,11690],{"class":145},[63,12324,279],{"class":81},[54,12326,12328],{"className":56,"code":12327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,12329,12330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12331,12332,12334,12336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12333,12033],{"class":69},[63,12335,74],{"class":73},[63,12337,10145],{"class":81},[486,12339,12340],{"id":11690},[18,12341,11628],{},[29,12343,12344,12347,12350],{},[32,12345,12346],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[32,12348,12349],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[32,12351,12352],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[486,12354,12355],{"id":11757},[18,12356,12357],{},"my_dict = {}",[29,12359,12360,12363,12366],{},[32,12361,12362],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[32,12364,12365],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[32,12367,12368],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12370,12371,12372,259],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[196,12373,12375],{"href":12374},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[49,12377,12379],{"id":12378},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12381,12382,12383,12385],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,12384,11628],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[54,12387,12389],{"className":56,"code":12388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12390,12391,12423,12433,12437,12447,12451,12471,12491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12392,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12394,1086],{"class":69},[63,12396,74],{"class":73},[63,12398,811],{"class":81},[63,12400,117],{"class":116},[63,12402,196],{"class":120},[63,12404,117],{"class":116},[63,12406,821],{"class":81},[63,12408,692],{"class":85},[63,12410,89],{"class":81},[63,12412,824],{"class":116},[63,12414,206],{"class":120},[63,12416,117],{"class":116},[63,12418,821],{"class":81},[63,12420,92],{"class":85},[63,12422,846],{"class":81},[63,12424,12425,12428,12430],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12426,12427],{"class":69},"other_ref ",[63,12429,74],{"class":73},[63,12431,12432],{"class":69}," original\n",[63,12434,12435],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12436,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12438,12439,12441,12443,12445],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12440,1117],{"class":69},[63,12442,259],{"class":81},[63,12444,11690],{"class":145},[63,12446,279],{"class":81},[63,12448,12449],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,12450,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12452,12453,12455,12457,12459,12462,12464,12466,12469],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,12454,140],{"class":139},[63,12456,113],{"class":81},[63,12458,117],{"class":116},[63,12460,12461],{"class":120},"original:",[63,12463,117],{"class":116},[63,12465,89],{"class":81},[63,12467,12468],{"class":145}," original",[63,12470,126],{"class":81},[63,12472,12473,12475,12477,12479,12482,12484,12486,12489],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,12474,140],{"class":139},[63,12476,113],{"class":81},[63,12478,117],{"class":116},[63,12480,12481],{"class":120},"other_ref:",[63,12483,117],{"class":116},[63,12485,89],{"class":81},[63,12487,12488],{"class":145}," other_ref",[63,12490,126],{"class":81},[63,12492,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,12494,140],{"class":139},[63,12496,113],{"class":81},[63,12498,1086],{"class":145},[63,12500,1156],{"class":1155},[63,12502,12488],{"class":145},[63,12504,126],{"class":81},[14,12506,163],{},[54,12508,12510],{"className":56,"code":12509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,12511,12512,12520,12529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12513,12514,12516,12518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12515,1117],{"class":69},[63,12517,821],{"class":81},[63,12519,10145],{"class":81},[63,12521,12522,12525,12527],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12523,12524],{"class":69},"other_ref",[63,12526,821],{"class":81},[63,12528,10145],{"class":81},[63,12530,12531],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12532,4313],{"class":1205},[14,12534,12535],{},"This shows:",[29,12537,12538,12545,12550],{},[32,12539,12540,4726,12542,12544],{},[18,12541,1117],{},[18,12543,12524],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[32,12546,12547,12549],{},[18,12548,11628],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[32,12551,12552],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12554,12555],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[54,12557,12559],{"className":56,"code":12558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,12560,12561,12593,12601,12605,12613,12617,12635,12653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12562,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12564,1086],{"class":69},[63,12566,74],{"class":73},[63,12568,811],{"class":81},[63,12570,117],{"class":116},[63,12572,196],{"class":120},[63,12574,117],{"class":116},[63,12576,821],{"class":81},[63,12578,692],{"class":85},[63,12580,89],{"class":81},[63,12582,824],{"class":116},[63,12584,206],{"class":120},[63,12586,117],{"class":116},[63,12588,821],{"class":81},[63,12590,92],{"class":85},[63,12592,846],{"class":81},[63,12594,12595,12597,12599],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12596,12427],{"class":69},[63,12598,74],{"class":73},[63,12600,12432],{"class":69},[63,12602,12603],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12604,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12606,12607,12609,12611],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12608,1086],{"class":69},[63,12610,74],{"class":73},[63,12612,10145],{"class":81},[63,12614,12615],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,12616,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12618,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,12620,140],{"class":139},[63,12622,113],{"class":81},[63,12624,117],{"class":116},[63,12626,12461],{"class":120},[63,12628,117],{"class":116},[63,12630,89],{"class":81},[63,12632,12468],{"class":145},[63,12634,126],{"class":81},[63,12636,12637,12639,12641,12643,12645,12647,12649,12651],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,12638,140],{"class":139},[63,12640,113],{"class":81},[63,12642,117],{"class":116},[63,12644,12481],{"class":120},[63,12646,117],{"class":116},[63,12648,89],{"class":81},[63,12650,12488],{"class":145},[63,12652,126],{"class":81},[63,12654,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663,12665],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,12656,140],{"class":139},[63,12658,113],{"class":81},[63,12660,1086],{"class":145},[63,12662,1156],{"class":1155},[63,12664,12488],{"class":145},[63,12666,126],{"class":81},[14,12668,163],{},[54,12670,12672],{"className":56,"code":12671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,12673,12674,12682,12714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12675,12676,12678,12680],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12677,1117],{"class":69},[63,12679,821],{"class":81},[63,12681,10145],{"class":81},[63,12683,12684,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12685,12524],{"class":69},[63,12687,821],{"class":81},[63,12689,811],{"class":81},[63,12691,193],{"class":116},[63,12693,196],{"class":120},[63,12695,193],{"class":116},[63,12697,821],{"class":81},[63,12699,692],{"class":85},[63,12701,89],{"class":81},[63,12703,203],{"class":116},[63,12705,206],{"class":120},[63,12707,193],{"class":116},[63,12709,821],{"class":81},[63,12711,92],{"class":85},[63,12713,846],{"class":81},[63,12715,12716],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12717,1206],{"class":1205},[14,12719,2514],{},[29,12721,12722,12728],{},[32,12723,12724,12727],{},[18,12725,12726],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[32,12729,12730,12732],{},[18,12731,12524],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12734,12735,12736,259],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[196,12737,12739],{"href":12738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,12740,12741],{},"dict.copy()",[49,12743,5292,12745],{"id":12744},"when-to-use-clear",[18,12746,11628],{},[14,12748,12749,12751],{},[18,12750,11628],{}," is useful when you want to:",[29,12753,12754,12757,12760],{},[32,12755,12756],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[32,12758,12759],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[32,12761,12762],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12764,2543],{},[54,12766,12768],{"className":56,"code":12767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,12769,12770,12779,12795,12815,12828,12832,12836,12841,12852,12856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12771,12772,12775,12777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12773,12774],{"class":69},"session_data ",[63,12776,74],{"class":73},[63,12778,11801],{"class":81},[63,12780,12781,12783,12786,12788,12790,12793],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12782,11806],{"class":116},[63,12784,12785],{"class":120},"user_id",[63,12787,117],{"class":116},[63,12789,821],{"class":81},[63,12791,12792],{"class":85}," 101",[63,12794,11822],{"class":81},[63,12796,12797,12799,12802,12804,12806,12808,12811,12813],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12798,11806],{"class":116},[63,12800,12801],{"class":120},"theme",[63,12803,117],{"class":116},[63,12805,821],{"class":81},[63,12807,824],{"class":116},[63,12809,12810],{"class":120},"dark",[63,12812,117],{"class":116},[63,12814,11822],{"class":81},[63,12816,12817,12819,12822,12824,12826],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12818,11806],{"class":116},[63,12820,12821],{"class":120},"logged_in",[63,12823,117],{"class":116},[63,12825,821],{"class":81},[63,12827,6742],{"class":1205},[63,12829,12830],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,12831,846],{"class":81},[63,12833,12834],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,12835,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12837,12838],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,12839,12840],{"class":1910},"# Reset for a new session\n",[63,12842,12843,12846,12848,12850],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,12844,12845],{"class":69},"session_data",[63,12847,259],{"class":81},[63,12849,11690],{"class":145},[63,12851,279],{"class":81},[63,12853,12854],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,12855,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,12857,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,12859,140],{"class":139},[63,12861,113],{"class":81},[63,12863,12845],{"class":145},[63,12865,3997],{"class":81},[63,12867,11705],{"class":1910},[14,12869,12870,12871,12877,12878,259,12882,12884,12885,259],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[196,12872,12874],{"href":12873},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12875,12876],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[196,12879,12881],{"href":12880},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10153,12883],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[196,12886,12888],{"href":12887},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12889,12890],{},"dict.popitem()",[49,12892,3167],{"id":3166},[14,12894,11053,12895,821],{},[18,12896,11628],{},[29,12898,12899,12905,12910,12913],{},[32,12900,12901,12902,12904],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12903,11628],{}," to a variable",[32,12906,8769,12907,12909],{},[18,12908,11628],{}," to return a new dictionary",[32,12911,12912],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[32,12914,12915],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12917,12918],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[54,12920,12922],{"className":56,"code":12921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12923,12924,12934,12948,12963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,12925,12926,12928,12930,12932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,12927,140],{"class":139},[63,12929,113],{"class":81},[63,12931,11757],{"class":145},[63,12933,126],{"class":81},[63,12935,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,12937,140],{"class":139},[63,12939,113],{"class":81},[63,12941,3557],{"class":77},[63,12943,113],{"class":81},[63,12945,11757],{"class":145},[63,12947,100],{"class":81},[63,12949,12950,12952,12954,12957,12959,12961],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,12951,140],{"class":139},[63,12953,113],{"class":81},[63,12955,12956],{"class":139},"id",[63,12958,113],{"class":81},[63,12960,11757],{"class":145},[63,12962,100],{"class":81},[63,12964,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,12966,140],{"class":139},[63,12968,113],{"class":81},[63,12970,12427],{"class":145},[63,12972,1156],{"class":1155},[63,12974,12075],{"class":145},[63,12976,126],{"class":81},[14,12978,12979],{},"What these show:",[29,12981,12982,12988,12994,13000],{},[32,12983,12984,12987],{},[18,12985,12986],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[32,12989,12990,12993],{},[18,12991,12992],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[32,12995,12996,12999],{},[18,12997,12998],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[32,13001,13002,13005],{},[18,13003,13004],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[49,13007,2165],{"id":2164},[486,13009,13011,13012,13014],{"id":13010},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,13013,11628],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13016,13017],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[486,13019,5469,13021,13023],{"id":13020},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,13022,11634],{}," return?",[14,13025,5475,13026,259],{},[18,13027,4115],{},[486,13029,2169,13031,4726,13033,2827],{"id":13030},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,13032,11628],{},[18,13034,4128],{},[14,13036,13037,13039,13040,13042],{},[18,13038,11628],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,13041,4128],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[486,13044,13011,13046,13048],{"id":13045},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,13047,11628],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13050,13051],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[49,13053,2219],{"id":2218},[29,13055,13056,13060,13064,13071,13078,13085,13090],{},[32,13057,13058],{},[196,13059,9472],{"href":9471},[32,13061,13062],{},[196,13063,11549],{"href":9698},[32,13065,13066],{},[196,13067,11042,13068,11046],{"href":12873},[18,13069,13070],{},"pop()",[32,13072,13073],{},[196,13074,11042,13075,11046],{"href":12887},[18,13076,13077],{},"popitem()",[32,13079,13080],{},[196,13081,11042,13082,11046],{"href":12738},[18,13083,13084],{},"copy()",[32,13086,13087],{},[196,13088,13089],{"href":12374},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,13091,13092],{},[196,13093,13094],{"href":12880},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2259,13096,13097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":13099},[13100,13101,13103,13104,13105,13109,13114,13115,13117,13118,13128],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":11713,"depth":103,"text":13102},"What clear() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":12011,"depth":103,"text":13106,"children":13107},"What clear() returns",[13108],{"id":12124,"depth":129,"text":12125},{"id":12304,"depth":103,"text":13110,"children":13111},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13112,13113],{"id":11690,"depth":129,"text":11628},{"id":11757,"depth":129,"text":12357},{"id":12378,"depth":103,"text":12379},{"id":12744,"depth":103,"text":13116},"When to use clear()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":13119},[13120,13122,13124,13126],{"id":13010,"depth":129,"text":13121},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13020,"depth":129,"text":13123},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13030,"depth":129,"text":13125},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13045,"depth":129,"text":13127},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11619,"description":13129},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13136,"title":13137,"body":13138,"description":15293,"extension":2300,"meta":15294,"navigation":132,"path":15295,"seo":15296,"stem":15297,"__hash__":15298},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13139,"toc":15265},[13140,13145,13150,13159,13161,13248,13252,13293,13298,13305,13323,13332,13334,13355,13358,13370,13372,13451,13455,13496,13498,13501,13628,13632,13712,13715,13733,13736,13740,13746,13748,13759,13761,13951,13955,14061,14064,14082,14085,14090,14095,14099,14113,14115,14242,14246,14326,14339,14345,14348,14356,14360,14486,14490,14564,14569,14697,14701,14775,14778,14792,14796,14800,14814,14816,14952,14956,15025,15027,15032,15054,15057,15164,15167,15178,15185,15187,15193,15196,15203,15206,15213,15221,15225,15228,15230,15262],[10,13141,11625,13143,11629],{"id":13142},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,13144,13084],{},[14,13146,13147,13149],{},[18,13148,12741],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13151,13152,13153,13155,13156,13158],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,13154,13084],{}," makes a ",[1217,13157,1219],{},", not a deep copy.",[49,13160,52],{"id":51},[54,13162,13164],{"className":56,"code":13163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,13165,13166,13202,13219,13223,13234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13167,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13169,1412],{"class":69},[63,13171,74],{"class":73},[63,13173,811],{"class":81},[63,13175,117],{"class":116},[63,13177,816],{"class":120},[63,13179,117],{"class":116},[63,13181,821],{"class":81},[63,13183,824],{"class":116},[63,13185,827],{"class":120},[63,13187,117],{"class":116},[63,13189,89],{"class":81},[63,13191,824],{"class":116},[63,13193,836],{"class":120},[63,13195,117],{"class":116},[63,13197,821],{"class":81},[63,13199,746],{"class":85},[63,13201,846],{"class":81},[63,13203,13204,13207,13209,13212,13214,13217],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13205,13206],{"class":69},"student_copy ",[63,13208,74],{"class":73},[63,13210,13211],{"class":69}," student",[63,13213,259],{"class":81},[63,13215,13216],{"class":145},"copy",[63,13218,279],{"class":81},[63,13220,13221],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,13222,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13224,13225,13227,13229,13232],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,13226,140],{"class":139},[63,13228,113],{"class":81},[63,13230,13231],{"class":145},"student_copy",[63,13233,126],{"class":81},[63,13235,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,13237,140],{"class":139},[63,13239,113],{"class":81},[63,13241,13206],{"class":145},[63,13243,1156],{"class":1155},[63,13245,13211],{"class":145},[63,13247,126],{"class":81},[14,13249,13250],{},[1217,13251,163],{},[54,13253,13255],{"className":56,"code":13254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,13256,13257,13289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13258,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13260,9588],{"class":81},[63,13262,193],{"class":116},[63,13264,816],{"class":120},[63,13266,193],{"class":116},[63,13268,821],{"class":81},[63,13270,203],{"class":116},[63,13272,827],{"class":120},[63,13274,193],{"class":116},[63,13276,89],{"class":81},[63,13278,203],{"class":116},[63,13280,836],{"class":120},[63,13282,193],{"class":116},[63,13284,821],{"class":81},[63,13286,746],{"class":85},[63,13288,846],{"class":81},[63,13290,13291],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13292,1206],{"class":1205},[14,13294,222,13295,13297],{},[18,13296,13084],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[49,13299,13301,13302,13304],{"id":13300},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,13303,13084],{}," method does",[29,13306,13307,13312,13315,13320],{},[32,13308,13309,13311],{},[18,13310,12741],{}," returns a new dictionary",[32,13313,13314],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[32,13316,13317,13318],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,13319,13084],{},[32,13321,13322],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13324,13325,13326,1725,13329,259],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[196,13327,9472],{"href":13328},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[196,13330,9699],{"href":13331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[49,13333,263],{"id":262},[54,13335,13337],{"className":56,"code":13336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,13338,13339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13340,13341,13344,13346,13349,13351,13353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13342,13343],{"class":69},"new_dict ",[63,13345,74],{"class":73},[63,13347,13348],{"class":69}," old_dict",[63,13350,259],{"class":81},[63,13352,13216],{"class":145},[63,13354,279],{"class":81},[14,13356,13357],{},"Key points:",[29,13359,13360,13364,13367],{},[32,13361,13362,11773],{},[18,13363,13084],{},[32,13365,13366],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[32,13368,13369],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13371,2543],{},[54,13373,13375],{"className":56,"code":13374,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,13376,13377,13420,13436,13440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13378,13379,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13416,13418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13380,13381],{"class":69},"colors ",[63,13383,74],{"class":73},[63,13385,811],{"class":81},[63,13387,117],{"class":116},[63,13389,196],{"class":120},[63,13391,117],{"class":116},[63,13393,821],{"class":81},[63,13395,824],{"class":116},[63,13397,13398],{"class":120},"red",[63,13400,117],{"class":116},[63,13402,89],{"class":81},[63,13404,824],{"class":116},[63,13406,206],{"class":120},[63,13408,117],{"class":116},[63,13410,821],{"class":81},[63,13412,824],{"class":116},[63,13414,13415],{"class":120},"blue",[63,13417,117],{"class":116},[63,13419,846],{"class":81},[63,13421,13422,13425,13427,13430,13432,13434],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13423,13424],{"class":69},"new_colors ",[63,13426,74],{"class":73},[63,13428,13429],{"class":69}," colors",[63,13431,259],{"class":81},[63,13433,13216],{"class":145},[63,13435,279],{"class":81},[63,13437,13438],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,13439,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13441,13442,13444,13446,13449],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,13443,140],{"class":139},[63,13445,113],{"class":81},[63,13447,13448],{"class":145},"new_colors",[63,13450,126],{"class":81},[14,13452,13453],{},[1217,13454,163],{},[54,13456,13458],{"className":56,"code":13457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,13459,13460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13461,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13463,9588],{"class":81},[63,13465,193],{"class":116},[63,13467,196],{"class":120},[63,13469,193],{"class":116},[63,13471,821],{"class":81},[63,13473,203],{"class":116},[63,13475,13398],{"class":120},[63,13477,193],{"class":116},[63,13479,89],{"class":81},[63,13481,203],{"class":116},[63,13483,206],{"class":120},[63,13485,193],{"class":116},[63,13487,821],{"class":81},[63,13489,203],{"class":116},[63,13491,13415],{"class":120},[63,13493,193],{"class":116},[63,13495,846],{"class":81},[49,13497,11783],{"id":11782},[14,13499,13500],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[54,13502,13504],{"className":56,"code":13503,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,13505,13506,13543,13559,13563,13585,13589,13608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13507,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13509,806],{"class":69},[63,13511,74],{"class":73},[63,13513,811],{"class":81},[63,13515,117],{"class":116},[63,13517,816],{"class":120},[63,13519,117],{"class":116},[63,13521,821],{"class":81},[63,13523,824],{"class":116},[63,13525,13526],{"class":120},"Liam",[63,13528,117],{"class":116},[63,13530,89],{"class":81},[63,13532,824],{"class":116},[63,13534,836],{"class":120},[63,13536,117],{"class":116},[63,13538,821],{"class":81},[63,13540,843],{"class":85},[63,13542,846],{"class":81},[63,13544,13545,13548,13550,13553,13555,13557],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13546,13547],{"class":69},"person_copy ",[63,13549,74],{"class":73},[63,13551,13552],{"class":69}," person",[63,13554,259],{"class":81},[63,13556,13216],{"class":145},[63,13558,279],{"class":81},[63,13560,13561],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,13562,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13579,13582],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,13566,13567],{"class":69},"person_copy",[63,13569,173],{"class":81},[63,13571,117],{"class":116},[63,13573,836],{"class":120},[63,13575,117],{"class":116},[63,13577,13578],{"class":81},"]",[63,13580,13581],{"class":73}," =",[63,13583,13584],{"class":85}," 26\n",[63,13586,13587],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,13588,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13590,13591,13593,13595,13597,13600,13602,13604,13606],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,13592,140],{"class":139},[63,13594,113],{"class":81},[63,13596,117],{"class":116},[63,13598,13599],{"class":120},"Original:",[63,13601,117],{"class":116},[63,13603,89],{"class":81},[63,13605,13552],{"class":145},[63,13607,126],{"class":81},[63,13609,13610,13612,13614,13616,13619,13621,13623,13626],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,13611,140],{"class":139},[63,13613,113],{"class":81},[63,13615,117],{"class":116},[63,13617,13618],{"class":120},"Copy:",[63,13620,117],{"class":116},[63,13622,89],{"class":81},[63,13624,13625],{"class":145}," person_copy",[63,13627,126],{"class":81},[14,13629,13630],{},[1217,13631,163],{},[54,13633,13635],{"className":56,"code":13634,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,13636,13637,13674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13638,13639,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13640,13641],{"class":69},"Original",[63,13643,821],{"class":81},[63,13645,811],{"class":81},[63,13647,193],{"class":116},[63,13649,816],{"class":120},[63,13651,193],{"class":116},[63,13653,821],{"class":81},[63,13655,203],{"class":116},[63,13657,13526],{"class":120},[63,13659,193],{"class":116},[63,13661,89],{"class":81},[63,13663,203],{"class":116},[63,13665,836],{"class":120},[63,13667,193],{"class":116},[63,13669,821],{"class":81},[63,13671,843],{"class":85},[63,13673,846],{"class":81},[63,13675,13676,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13710],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13677,13678],{"class":69},"Copy",[63,13680,821],{"class":81},[63,13682,811],{"class":81},[63,13684,193],{"class":116},[63,13686,816],{"class":120},[63,13688,193],{"class":116},[63,13690,821],{"class":81},[63,13692,203],{"class":116},[63,13694,13526],{"class":120},[63,13696,193],{"class":116},[63,13698,89],{"class":81},[63,13700,203],{"class":116},[63,13702,836],{"class":120},[63,13704,193],{"class":116},[63,13706,821],{"class":81},[63,13708,13709],{"class":85}," 26",[63,13711,846],{"class":81},[14,13713,13714],{},"What happened here:",[29,13716,13717,13723,13730],{},[32,13718,13719,13722],{},[18,13720,13721],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[32,13724,13725,13726,13729],{},"Changing ",[18,13727,13728],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[32,13731,13732],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13734,13735],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[49,13737,13739],{"id":13738},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13741,13742,13155,13744,259],{},[18,13743,13084],{},[1217,13745,1219],{},[14,13747,2444],{},[29,13749,13750,13753,13756],{},[32,13751,13752],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[32,13754,13755],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[32,13757,13758],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13760,2543],{},[54,13762,13764],{"className":56,"code":13763,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,13765,13766,13774,13792,13813,13817,13821,13835,13839,13862,13866,13884,13903,13918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13767,13768,13770,13772],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13769,1412],{"class":69},[63,13771,74],{"class":73},[63,13773,11801],{"class":81},[63,13775,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,13777,11806],{"class":116},[63,13779,816],{"class":120},[63,13781,117],{"class":116},[63,13783,821],{"class":81},[63,13785,824],{"class":116},[63,13787,827],{"class":120},[63,13789,117],{"class":116},[63,13791,11822],{"class":81},[63,13793,13794,13796,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,13795,11806],{"class":116},[63,13797,13798],{"class":120},"grades",[63,13800,117],{"class":116},[63,13802,821],{"class":81},[63,13804,1091],{"class":81},[63,13806,1788],{"class":85},[63,13808,89],{"class":81},[63,13810,1793],{"class":85},[63,13812,186],{"class":81},[63,13814,13815],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,13816,846],{"class":81},[63,13818,13819],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,13820,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13822,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,13824,13206],{"class":69},[63,13826,74],{"class":73},[63,13828,13211],{"class":69},[63,13830,259],{"class":81},[63,13832,13216],{"class":145},[63,13834,279],{"class":81},[63,13836,13837],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,13838,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13840,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13860],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,13842,13231],{"class":69},[63,13844,173],{"class":81},[63,13846,117],{"class":116},[63,13848,13798],{"class":120},[63,13850,117],{"class":116},[63,13852,1284],{"class":81},[63,13854,401],{"class":145},[63,13856,113],{"class":81},[63,13858,13859],{"class":85},"100",[63,13861,126],{"class":81},[63,13863,13864],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,13865,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,13867,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,13869,140],{"class":139},[63,13871,113],{"class":81},[63,13873,117],{"class":116},[63,13875,13599],{"class":120},[63,13877,117],{"class":116},[63,13879,89],{"class":81},[63,13881,13211],{"class":145},[63,13883,126],{"class":81},[63,13885,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13901],{"class":65,"line":11903},[63,13887,140],{"class":139},[63,13889,113],{"class":81},[63,13891,117],{"class":116},[63,13893,13618],{"class":120},[63,13895,117],{"class":116},[63,13897,89],{"class":81},[63,13899,13900],{"class":145}," student_copy",[63,13902,126],{"class":81},[63,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916],{"class":65,"line":13905},12,[63,13907,140],{"class":139},[63,13909,113],{"class":81},[63,13911,1412],{"class":145},[63,13913,1156],{"class":1155},[63,13915,13900],{"class":145},[63,13917,126],{"class":81},[63,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949],{"class":65,"line":13920},13,[63,13922,140],{"class":139},[63,13924,113],{"class":81},[63,13926,1464],{"class":145},[63,13928,173],{"class":81},[63,13930,117],{"class":116},[63,13932,13798],{"class":120},[63,13934,117],{"class":116},[63,13936,13578],{"class":81},[63,13938,1047],{"class":1155},[63,13940,13900],{"class":145},[63,13942,173],{"class":81},[63,13944,117],{"class":116},[63,13946,13798],{"class":120},[63,13948,117],{"class":116},[63,13950,2080],{"class":81},[14,13952,13953],{},[1217,13954,163],{},[54,13956,13958],{"className":56,"code":13957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13959,13960,14007,14053,14057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,13961,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,13963,13641],{"class":69},[63,13965,821],{"class":81},[63,13967,811],{"class":81},[63,13969,193],{"class":116},[63,13971,816],{"class":120},[63,13973,193],{"class":116},[63,13975,821],{"class":81},[63,13977,203],{"class":116},[63,13979,827],{"class":120},[63,13981,193],{"class":116},[63,13983,89],{"class":81},[63,13985,203],{"class":116},[63,13987,13798],{"class":120},[63,13989,193],{"class":116},[63,13991,821],{"class":81},[63,13993,1091],{"class":81},[63,13995,1788],{"class":85},[63,13997,89],{"class":81},[63,13999,1793],{"class":85},[63,14001,89],{"class":81},[63,14003,10425],{"class":85},[63,14005,14006],{"class":81},"]}\n",[63,14008,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14010,13678],{"class":69},[63,14012,821],{"class":81},[63,14014,811],{"class":81},[63,14016,193],{"class":116},[63,14018,816],{"class":120},[63,14020,193],{"class":116},[63,14022,821],{"class":81},[63,14024,203],{"class":116},[63,14026,827],{"class":120},[63,14028,193],{"class":116},[63,14030,89],{"class":81},[63,14032,203],{"class":116},[63,14034,13798],{"class":120},[63,14036,193],{"class":116},[63,14038,821],{"class":81},[63,14040,1091],{"class":81},[63,14042,1788],{"class":85},[63,14044,89],{"class":81},[63,14046,1793],{"class":85},[63,14048,89],{"class":81},[63,14050,10425],{"class":85},[63,14052,14006],{"class":81},[63,14054,14055],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14056,1206],{"class":1205},[63,14058,14059],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,14060,4313],{"class":1205},[14,14062,14063],{},"Notice the difference:",[29,14065,14066,14074],{},[32,14067,14068,5114,14071,14073],{},[18,14069,14070],{},"student is student_copy",[18,14072,4010],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[32,14075,14076,5114,14079,14081],{},[18,14077,14078],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,14080,3941],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14083,14084],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14086,14087,14088,259],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[196,14089,1389],{"href":1388},[49,14091,5292,14093],{"id":14092},"when-to-use-copy",[18,14094,13084],{},[14,14096,222,14097,1716],{},[18,14098,13084],{},[29,14100,14101,14104,14107,14110],{},[32,14102,14103],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[32,14105,14106],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[32,14108,14109],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[32,14111,14112],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14114,2543],{},[54,14116,14118],{"className":56,"code":14117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,14119,14120,14159,14175,14179,14199,14203,14222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14121,14122,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14150,14152,14154,14157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14123,14124],{"class":69},"settings ",[63,14126,74],{"class":73},[63,14128,811],{"class":81},[63,14130,117],{"class":116},[63,14132,12801],{"class":120},[63,14134,117],{"class":116},[63,14136,821],{"class":81},[63,14138,824],{"class":116},[63,14140,12810],{"class":120},[63,14142,117],{"class":116},[63,14144,89],{"class":81},[63,14146,824],{"class":116},[63,14148,14149],{"class":120},"font_size",[63,14151,117],{"class":116},[63,14153,821],{"class":81},[63,14155,14156],{"class":85}," 14",[63,14158,846],{"class":81},[63,14160,14161,14164,14166,14169,14171,14173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14162,14163],{"class":69},"settings_backup ",[63,14165,74],{"class":73},[63,14167,14168],{"class":69}," settings",[63,14170,259],{"class":81},[63,14172,13216],{"class":145},[63,14174,279],{"class":81},[63,14176,14177],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14178,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14180,14181,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,14182,14183],{"class":69},"settings",[63,14185,173],{"class":81},[63,14187,117],{"class":116},[63,14189,14149],{"class":120},[63,14191,117],{"class":116},[63,14193,13578],{"class":81},[63,14195,13581],{"class":73},[63,14197,14198],{"class":85}," 16\n",[63,14200,14201],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,14202,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14204,14205,14207,14209,14211,14214,14216,14218,14220],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,14206,140],{"class":139},[63,14208,113],{"class":81},[63,14210,117],{"class":116},[63,14212,14213],{"class":120},"Current:",[63,14215,117],{"class":116},[63,14217,89],{"class":81},[63,14219,14168],{"class":145},[63,14221,126],{"class":81},[63,14223,14224,14226,14228,14230,14233,14235,14237,14240],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,14225,140],{"class":139},[63,14227,113],{"class":81},[63,14229,117],{"class":116},[63,14231,14232],{"class":120},"Backup:",[63,14234,117],{"class":116},[63,14236,89],{"class":81},[63,14238,14239],{"class":145}," settings_backup",[63,14241,126],{"class":81},[14,14243,14244],{},[1217,14245,163],{},[54,14247,14249],{"className":56,"code":14248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,14250,14251,14289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14252,14253,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14287],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14254,14255],{"class":69},"Current",[63,14257,821],{"class":81},[63,14259,811],{"class":81},[63,14261,193],{"class":116},[63,14263,12801],{"class":120},[63,14265,193],{"class":116},[63,14267,821],{"class":81},[63,14269,203],{"class":116},[63,14271,12810],{"class":120},[63,14273,193],{"class":116},[63,14275,89],{"class":81},[63,14277,203],{"class":116},[63,14279,14149],{"class":120},[63,14281,193],{"class":116},[63,14283,821],{"class":81},[63,14285,14286],{"class":85}," 16",[63,14288,846],{"class":81},[63,14290,14291,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14292,14293],{"class":69},"Backup",[63,14295,821],{"class":81},[63,14297,811],{"class":81},[63,14299,193],{"class":116},[63,14301,12801],{"class":120},[63,14303,193],{"class":116},[63,14305,821],{"class":81},[63,14307,203],{"class":116},[63,14309,12810],{"class":120},[63,14311,193],{"class":116},[63,14313,89],{"class":81},[63,14315,203],{"class":116},[63,14317,14149],{"class":120},[63,14319,193],{"class":116},[63,14321,821],{"class":81},[63,14323,14156],{"class":85},[63,14325,846],{"class":81},[14,14327,14328,14329,1725,14335,259],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[196,14330,14332],{"href":14331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,14333,14334],{},"dict.update()",[196,14336,14337],{"href":13131},[18,14338,11634],{},[49,14340,14342,14344],{"id":14341},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,14343,13084],{}," vs assignment",[14,14346,14347],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14349,8733,14350,14352,14353,14355],{},[18,14351,74],{}," does ",[1217,14354,4961],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[486,14357,14359],{"id":14358},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[54,14361,14363],{"className":56,"code":14362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,14364,14365,14397,14406,14410,14430,14434,14452,14472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14366,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14368,1086],{"class":69},[63,14370,74],{"class":73},[63,14372,811],{"class":81},[63,14374,117],{"class":116},[63,14376,2509],{"class":120},[63,14378,117],{"class":116},[63,14380,821],{"class":81},[63,14382,692],{"class":85},[63,14384,89],{"class":81},[63,14386,824],{"class":116},[63,14388,12054],{"class":120},[63,14390,117],{"class":116},[63,14392,821],{"class":81},[63,14394,92],{"class":85},[63,14396,846],{"class":81},[63,14398,14399,14402,14404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14400,14401],{"class":69},"assigned ",[63,14403,74],{"class":73},[63,14405,12432],{"class":69},[63,14407,14408],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14409,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14411,14412,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,14413,14414],{"class":69},"assigned",[63,14416,173],{"class":81},[63,14418,117],{"class":116},[63,14420,2509],{"class":120},[63,14422,117],{"class":116},[63,14424,13578],{"class":81},[63,14426,13581],{"class":73},[63,14428,14429],{"class":85}," 99\n",[63,14431,14432],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,14433,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14435,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,14437,140],{"class":139},[63,14439,113],{"class":81},[63,14441,117],{"class":116},[63,14443,13599],{"class":120},[63,14445,117],{"class":116},[63,14447,89],{"class":81},[63,14449,12468],{"class":145},[63,14451,126],{"class":81},[63,14453,14454,14456,14458,14460,14463,14465,14467,14470],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,14455,140],{"class":139},[63,14457,113],{"class":81},[63,14459,117],{"class":116},[63,14461,14462],{"class":120},"Assigned:",[63,14464,117],{"class":116},[63,14466,89],{"class":81},[63,14468,14469],{"class":145}," assigned",[63,14471,126],{"class":81},[63,14473,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,14475,140],{"class":139},[63,14477,113],{"class":81},[63,14479,1086],{"class":145},[63,14481,1156],{"class":1155},[63,14483,14469],{"class":145},[63,14485,126],{"class":81},[14,14487,14488],{},[1217,14489,163],{},[54,14491,14493],{"className":56,"code":14492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,14494,14495,14527,14560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14496,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14498,13641],{"class":69},[63,14500,821],{"class":81},[63,14502,811],{"class":81},[63,14504,193],{"class":116},[63,14506,2509],{"class":120},[63,14508,193],{"class":116},[63,14510,821],{"class":81},[63,14512,1341],{"class":85},[63,14514,89],{"class":81},[63,14516,203],{"class":116},[63,14518,12054],{"class":120},[63,14520,193],{"class":116},[63,14522,821],{"class":81},[63,14524,92],{"class":85},[63,14526,846],{"class":81},[63,14528,14529,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14530,14531],{"class":69},"Assigned",[63,14533,821],{"class":81},[63,14535,811],{"class":81},[63,14537,193],{"class":116},[63,14539,2509],{"class":120},[63,14541,193],{"class":116},[63,14543,821],{"class":81},[63,14545,1341],{"class":85},[63,14547,89],{"class":81},[63,14549,203],{"class":116},[63,14551,12054],{"class":120},[63,14553,193],{"class":116},[63,14555,821],{"class":81},[63,14557,92],{"class":85},[63,14559,846],{"class":81},[63,14561,14562],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14563,4313],{"class":1205},[486,14565,8733,14567],{"id":14566},"using-copy",[18,14568,13084],{},[54,14570,14572],{"className":56,"code":14571,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,14573,14574,14606,14620,14624,14642,14646,14664,14683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14575,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14577,1086],{"class":69},[63,14579,74],{"class":73},[63,14581,811],{"class":81},[63,14583,117],{"class":116},[63,14585,2509],{"class":120},[63,14587,117],{"class":116},[63,14589,821],{"class":81},[63,14591,692],{"class":85},[63,14593,89],{"class":81},[63,14595,824],{"class":116},[63,14597,12054],{"class":120},[63,14599,117],{"class":116},[63,14601,821],{"class":81},[63,14603,92],{"class":85},[63,14605,846],{"class":81},[63,14607,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14609,1108],{"class":69},[63,14611,74],{"class":73},[63,14613,12468],{"class":69},[63,14615,259],{"class":81},[63,14617,13216],{"class":145},[63,14619,279],{"class":81},[63,14621,14622],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14623,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14625,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,14627,1142],{"class":69},[63,14629,173],{"class":81},[63,14631,117],{"class":116},[63,14633,2509],{"class":120},[63,14635,117],{"class":116},[63,14637,13578],{"class":81},[63,14639,13581],{"class":73},[63,14641,14429],{"class":85},[63,14643,14644],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,14645,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14647,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,14649,140],{"class":139},[63,14651,113],{"class":81},[63,14653,117],{"class":116},[63,14655,13599],{"class":120},[63,14657,117],{"class":116},[63,14659,89],{"class":81},[63,14661,12468],{"class":145},[63,14663,126],{"class":81},[63,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14675,14677,14679,14681],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,14667,140],{"class":139},[63,14669,113],{"class":81},[63,14671,117],{"class":116},[63,14673,14674],{"class":120},"Copied:",[63,14676,117],{"class":116},[63,14678,89],{"class":81},[63,14680,1159],{"class":145},[63,14682,126],{"class":81},[63,14684,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,14686,140],{"class":139},[63,14688,113],{"class":81},[63,14690,1086],{"class":145},[63,14692,1156],{"class":1155},[63,14694,1159],{"class":145},[63,14696,126],{"class":81},[14,14698,14699],{},[1217,14700,163],{},[54,14702,14704],{"className":56,"code":14703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,14705,14706,14738,14771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14707,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14709,13641],{"class":69},[63,14711,821],{"class":81},[63,14713,811],{"class":81},[63,14715,193],{"class":116},[63,14717,2509],{"class":120},[63,14719,193],{"class":116},[63,14721,821],{"class":81},[63,14723,692],{"class":85},[63,14725,89],{"class":81},[63,14727,203],{"class":116},[63,14729,12054],{"class":120},[63,14731,193],{"class":116},[63,14733,821],{"class":81},[63,14735,92],{"class":85},[63,14737,846],{"class":81},[63,14739,14740,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14741,14742],{"class":69},"Copied",[63,14744,821],{"class":81},[63,14746,811],{"class":81},[63,14748,193],{"class":116},[63,14750,2509],{"class":120},[63,14752,193],{"class":116},[63,14754,821],{"class":81},[63,14756,1341],{"class":85},[63,14758,89],{"class":81},[63,14760,203],{"class":116},[63,14762,12054],{"class":120},[63,14764,193],{"class":116},[63,14766,821],{"class":81},[63,14768,92],{"class":85},[63,14770,846],{"class":81},[63,14772,14773],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14774,1206],{"class":1205},[14,14776,14777],{},"Summary:",[29,14779,14780,14786],{},[32,14781,14782,14785],{},[18,14783,14784],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[32,14787,14788,14791],{},[18,14789,14790],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[49,14793,14795],{"id":14794},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14797,14798,821],{},[18,14799,13084],{},[29,14801,14802,14805,14808,14811],{},[32,14803,14804],{},"Returns a dictionary",[32,14806,14807],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[32,14809,14810],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[32,14812,14813],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14815,2543],{},[54,14817,14819],{"className":56,"code":14818,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14820,14821,14853,14869,14873,14891,14911,14915,14933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14822,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14824,2097],{"class":69},[63,14826,74],{"class":73},[63,14828,811],{"class":81},[63,14830,117],{"class":116},[63,14832,196],{"class":120},[63,14834,117],{"class":116},[63,14836,821],{"class":81},[63,14838,692],{"class":85},[63,14840,89],{"class":81},[63,14842,824],{"class":116},[63,14844,206],{"class":120},[63,14846,117],{"class":116},[63,14848,821],{"class":81},[63,14850,92],{"class":85},[63,14852,846],{"class":81},[63,14854,14855,14858,14860,14863,14865,14867],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14856,14857],{"class":69},"data_copy ",[63,14859,74],{"class":73},[63,14861,14862],{"class":69}," data",[63,14864,259],{"class":81},[63,14866,13216],{"class":145},[63,14868,279],{"class":81},[63,14870,14871],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,14872,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14874,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,14876,2138],{"class":69},[63,14878,173],{"class":81},[63,14880,117],{"class":116},[63,14882,196],{"class":120},[63,14884,117],{"class":116},[63,14886,13578],{"class":81},[63,14888,13581],{"class":73},[63,14890,2923],{"class":85},[63,14892,14893,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,14894,14895],{"class":69},"data_copy",[63,14897,173],{"class":81},[63,14899,117],{"class":116},[63,14901,206],{"class":120},[63,14903,117],{"class":116},[63,14905,13578],{"class":81},[63,14907,13581],{"class":73},[63,14909,14910],{"class":85}," 20\n",[63,14912,14913],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,14914,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,14916,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14931],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,14918,140],{"class":139},[63,14920,113],{"class":81},[63,14922,117],{"class":116},[63,14924,13599],{"class":120},[63,14926,117],{"class":116},[63,14928,89],{"class":81},[63,14930,14862],{"class":145},[63,14932,126],{"class":81},[63,14934,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14950],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,14936,140],{"class":139},[63,14938,113],{"class":81},[63,14940,117],{"class":116},[63,14942,13618],{"class":120},[63,14944,117],{"class":116},[63,14946,89],{"class":81},[63,14948,14949],{"class":145}," data_copy",[63,14951,126],{"class":81},[14,14953,14954],{},[1217,14955,163],{},[54,14957,14959],{"className":56,"code":14958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14960,14961,14993],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,14962,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,14964,13641],{"class":69},[63,14966,821],{"class":81},[63,14968,811],{"class":81},[63,14970,193],{"class":116},[63,14972,196],{"class":120},[63,14974,193],{"class":116},[63,14976,821],{"class":81},[63,14978,6324],{"class":85},[63,14980,89],{"class":81},[63,14982,203],{"class":116},[63,14984,206],{"class":120},[63,14986,193],{"class":116},[63,14988,821],{"class":81},[63,14990,92],{"class":85},[63,14992,846],{"class":81},[63,14994,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,14996,13678],{"class":69},[63,14998,821],{"class":81},[63,15000,811],{"class":81},[63,15002,193],{"class":116},[63,15004,196],{"class":120},[63,15006,193],{"class":116},[63,15008,821],{"class":81},[63,15010,692],{"class":85},[63,15012,89],{"class":81},[63,15014,203],{"class":116},[63,15016,206],{"class":120},[63,15018,193],{"class":116},[63,15020,821],{"class":81},[63,15022,746],{"class":85},[63,15024,846],{"class":81},[49,15026,3167],{"id":3166},[14,15028,15029,15030,821],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,15031,12741],{},[29,15033,15034,15041,15046,15051],{},[32,15035,8733,15036,11398,15038,15040],{},[18,15037,74],{},[18,15039,13084],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[32,15042,4909,15043,15045],{},[18,15044,13084],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[32,15047,15048,15049],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,15050,13084],{},[32,15052,15053],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15055,15056],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[54,15058,15060],{"className":56,"code":15059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,15061,15062,15072,15082,15096,15119,15142],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15063,15064,15066,15068,15070],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15065,140],{"class":139},[63,15067,113],{"class":81},[63,15069,1117],{"class":145},[63,15071,126],{"class":81},[63,15073,15074,15076,15078,15080],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15075,140],{"class":139},[63,15077,113],{"class":81},[63,15079,1142],{"class":145},[63,15081,126],{"class":81},[63,15083,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15085,140],{"class":139},[63,15087,113],{"class":81},[63,15089,1086],{"class":145},[63,15091,1156],{"class":1155},[63,15093,1159],{"class":145},[63,15095,126],{"class":81},[63,15097,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15113,15115,15117],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,15099,140],{"class":139},[63,15101,113],{"class":81},[63,15103,12956],{"class":139},[63,15105,113],{"class":81},[63,15107,1117],{"class":145},[63,15109,1684],{"class":81},[63,15111,15112],{"class":139}," id",[63,15114,113],{"class":81},[63,15116,1142],{"class":145},[63,15118,100],{"class":81},[63,15120,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15138,15140],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,15122,140],{"class":139},[63,15124,113],{"class":81},[63,15126,12956],{"class":139},[63,15128,113],{"class":81},[63,15130,1117],{"class":145},[63,15132,173],{"class":81},[63,15134,117],{"class":116},[63,15136,15137],{"class":120},"key",[63,15139,117],{"class":116},[63,15141,3334],{"class":81},[63,15143,15144,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,15145,140],{"class":139},[63,15147,113],{"class":81},[63,15149,12956],{"class":139},[63,15151,113],{"class":81},[63,15153,1142],{"class":145},[63,15155,173],{"class":81},[63,15157,117],{"class":116},[63,15159,15137],{"class":120},[63,15161,117],{"class":116},[63,15163,3334],{"class":81},[14,15165,15166],{},"What these help you check:",[29,15168,15169,15172,15175],{},[32,15170,15171],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[32,15173,15174],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[32,15176,15177],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15179,15180,15181,259],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[196,15182,15184],{"href":15183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[49,15186,2165],{"id":2164},[486,15188,13011,15190,15192],{"id":15189},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,15191,12741],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15194,15195],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[486,15197,15199,15200,15202],{"id":15198},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,15201,12741],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15204,15205],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[486,15207,2169,15209,4726,15211,2827],{"id":15208},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,15210,13084],{},[18,15212,74],{},[14,15214,15215,15217,15218,15220],{},[18,15216,13084],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,15219,74],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[486,15222,15224],{"id":15223},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15226,15227],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[49,15229,2219],{"id":2218},[29,15231,15232,15236,15240,15244,15251,15257],{},[32,15233,15234],{},[196,15235,11549],{"href":13331},[32,15237,15238],{},[196,15239,9472],{"href":13328},[32,15241,15242],{},[196,15243,1389],{"href":1388},[32,15245,15246],{},[196,15247,11042,15248,11046],{"href":14331},[18,15249,15250],{},"update()",[32,15252,15253],{},[196,15254,11042,15255,11046],{"href":13131},[18,15256,11628],{},[32,15258,15259],{},[196,15260,15261],{"href":15183},"How to copy a list in Python",[2259,15263,15264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":15266},[15267,15268,15270,15271,15272,15273,15275,15281,15282,15283,15292],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":13300,"depth":103,"text":15269},"What the copy() method does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":13738,"depth":103,"text":13739},{"id":14092,"depth":103,"text":15274},"When to use copy()",{"id":14341,"depth":103,"text":15276,"children":15277},"copy() vs assignment",[15278,15279],{"id":14358,"depth":129,"text":14359},{"id":14566,"depth":129,"text":15280},"Using copy()",{"id":14794,"depth":103,"text":14795},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":15284},[15285,15287,15289,15291],{"id":15189,"depth":129,"text":15286},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15198,"depth":129,"text":15288},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15208,"depth":129,"text":15290},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15223,"depth":129,"text":15224},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13137,"description":15293},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15300,"title":15301,"body":15302,"description":17500,"extension":2300,"meta":17501,"navigation":132,"path":13331,"seo":17502,"stem":17503,"__hash__":17504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15303,"toc":17462},[15304,15307,15313,15322,15324,15400,15404,15453,15456,15460,15474,15477,15481,15494,15497,15530,15544,15547,15559,15563,15566,15574,15654,15658,15711,15715,15733,15735,15817,15820,15822,15825,15828,15851,15875,15879,15887,15890,15894,15903,15908,15966,15970,16003,16009,16015,16018,16073,16077,16127,16130,16136,16139,16147,16149,16194,16199,16208,16211,16214,16261,16263,16268,16271,16365,16369,16422,16425,16481,16484,16488,16491,16505,16509,16575,16579,16604,16607,16611,16689,16693,16696,16699,16719,16722,16775,16779,16782,16785,16798,16800,16889,16896,16899,16910,16912,16915,16935,16939,16942,16951,16954,16993,16997,16999,17008,17017,17019,17057,17061,17108,17112,17133,17137,17140,17252,17256,17354,17376,17378,17382,17389,17393,17399,17403,17406,17410,17413,17420,17428,17430,17456,17459],[10,15305,15301],{"id":15306},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15308,15309,15310,15312],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1217,15311,9448],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15314,15315,15316,1725,15318,259],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[196,15317,9472],{"href":9471},[196,15319,15321],{"href":15320},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[49,15323,52],{"id":51},[54,15325,15327],{"className":56,"code":15326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15328,15329,15337,15355,15369,15382,15386,15390],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15330,15331,15333,15335],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15332,1412],{"class":69},[63,15334,74],{"class":73},[63,15336,11801],{"class":81},[63,15338,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15340,11806],{"class":116},[63,15342,816],{"class":120},[63,15344,117],{"class":116},[63,15346,821],{"class":81},[63,15348,824],{"class":116},[63,15350,827],{"class":120},[63,15352,117],{"class":116},[63,15354,11822],{"class":81},[63,15356,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15358,11806],{"class":116},[63,15360,836],{"class":120},[63,15362,117],{"class":116},[63,15364,821],{"class":81},[63,15366,746],{"class":85},[63,15368,11822],{"class":81},[63,15370,15371,15373,15376,15378,15380],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,15372,11806],{"class":116},[63,15374,15375],{"class":120},"is_active",[63,15377,117],{"class":116},[63,15379,821],{"class":81},[63,15381,6742],{"class":1205},[63,15383,15384],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,15385,846],{"class":81},[63,15387,15388],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,15389,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,15391,15392,15394,15396,15398],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,15393,140],{"class":139},[63,15395,113],{"class":81},[63,15397,1464],{"class":145},[63,15399,126],{"class":81},[14,15401,15402],{},[1217,15403,163],{},[54,15405,15407],{"className":56,"code":15406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,15408,15409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15410,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15412,9588],{"class":81},[63,15414,193],{"class":116},[63,15416,816],{"class":120},[63,15418,193],{"class":116},[63,15420,821],{"class":81},[63,15422,203],{"class":116},[63,15424,827],{"class":120},[63,15426,193],{"class":116},[63,15428,89],{"class":81},[63,15430,203],{"class":116},[63,15432,836],{"class":120},[63,15434,193],{"class":116},[63,15436,821],{"class":81},[63,15438,746],{"class":85},[63,15440,89],{"class":81},[63,15442,203],{"class":116},[63,15444,15375],{"class":120},[63,15446,193],{"class":116},[63,15448,821],{"class":81},[63,15450,4249],{"class":1205},[63,15452,846],{"class":81},[14,15454,15455],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[49,15457,15459],{"id":15458},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[29,15461,15462,15465,15468,15471],{},[32,15463,15464],{},"What a dictionary is",[32,15466,15467],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[32,15469,15470],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[32,15472,15473],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[49,15475,15464],{"id":15476},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15478,9445,15479,259],{},[1217,15480,9448],{},[29,15482,15483,15489],{},[32,15484,15485,15486,15488],{},"A ",[1217,15487,15137],{}," is the label",[32,15490,15485,15491,15493],{},[1217,15492,2807],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15495,15496],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[54,15498,15500],{"className":56,"code":15499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,15501,15502,15510,15526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15503,15504,15506,15508],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15505,1412],{"class":69},[63,15507,74],{"class":73},[63,15509,11801],{"class":81},[63,15511,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15513,11806],{"class":116},[63,15515,816],{"class":120},[63,15517,117],{"class":116},[63,15519,821],{"class":81},[63,15521,824],{"class":116},[63,15523,827],{"class":120},[63,15525,3694],{"class":116},[63,15527,15528],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15529,846],{"class":81},[29,15531,15532,15538],{},[32,15533,15534,15537],{},[18,15535,15536],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[32,15539,15540,15543],{},[18,15541,15542],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15545,15546],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[29,15548,15549,15551,15553,15556],{},[32,15550,816],{},[32,15552,836],{},[32,15554,15555],{},"email",[32,15557,15558],{},"country",[49,15560,15562],{"id":15561},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15564,15565],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15567,222,15568,15570,15571,259],{},[18,15569,4128],{}," and write each item as ",[18,15572,15573],{},"key: value",[54,15575,15577],{"className":56,"code":15576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15578,15579,15587,15605,15619,15636,15640,15644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15580,15581,15583,15585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15582,1412],{"class":69},[63,15584,74],{"class":73},[63,15586,11801],{"class":81},[63,15588,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15590,11806],{"class":116},[63,15592,816],{"class":120},[63,15594,117],{"class":116},[63,15596,821],{"class":81},[63,15598,824],{"class":116},[63,15600,827],{"class":120},[63,15602,117],{"class":116},[63,15604,11822],{"class":81},[63,15606,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15608,11806],{"class":116},[63,15610,836],{"class":120},[63,15612,117],{"class":116},[63,15614,821],{"class":81},[63,15616,746],{"class":85},[63,15618,11822],{"class":81},[63,15620,15621,15623,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,15622,11806],{"class":116},[63,15624,15625],{"class":120},"course",[63,15627,117],{"class":116},[63,15629,821],{"class":81},[63,15631,824],{"class":116},[63,15633,7617],{"class":120},[63,15635,3694],{"class":116},[63,15637,15638],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,15639,846],{"class":81},[63,15641,15642],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,15643,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,15645,15646,15648,15650,15652],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,15647,140],{"class":139},[63,15649,113],{"class":81},[63,15651,1464],{"class":145},[63,15653,126],{"class":81},[14,15655,15656],{},[1217,15657,163],{},[54,15659,15661],{"className":56,"code":15660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,15662,15663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15664,15665,15667,15669,15671,15673,15675,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15666,9588],{"class":81},[63,15668,193],{"class":116},[63,15670,816],{"class":120},[63,15672,193],{"class":116},[63,15674,821],{"class":81},[63,15676,203],{"class":116},[63,15678,827],{"class":120},[63,15680,193],{"class":116},[63,15682,89],{"class":81},[63,15684,203],{"class":116},[63,15686,836],{"class":120},[63,15688,193],{"class":116},[63,15690,821],{"class":81},[63,15692,746],{"class":85},[63,15694,89],{"class":81},[63,15696,203],{"class":116},[63,15698,15625],{"class":120},[63,15700,193],{"class":116},[63,15702,821],{"class":81},[63,15704,203],{"class":116},[63,15706,7617],{"class":120},[63,15708,193],{"class":116},[63,15710,846],{"class":81},[486,15712,15714],{"id":15713},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[29,15716,15717,15722,15727,15730],{},[32,15718,222,15719,15721],{},[18,15720,4128],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[32,15723,15724,15725],{},"Write each item as ",[18,15726,15573],{},[32,15728,15729],{},"Separate items with commas",[32,15731,15732],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15734,2543],{},[54,15736,15738],{"className":56,"code":15737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,15739,15740,15749,15769,15785,15798,15802,15806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15741,15742,15745,15747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15743,15744],{"class":69},"book ",[63,15746,74],{"class":73},[63,15748,11801],{"class":81},[63,15750,15751,15753,15756,15758,15760,15762,15765,15767],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15752,11806],{"class":116},[63,15754,15755],{"class":120},"title",[63,15757,117],{"class":116},[63,15759,821],{"class":81},[63,15761,824],{"class":116},[63,15763,15764],{"class":120},"Python Basics",[63,15766,117],{"class":116},[63,15768,11822],{"class":81},[63,15770,15771,15773,15776,15778,15780,15783],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15772,11806],{"class":116},[63,15774,15775],{"class":120},"pages",[63,15777,117],{"class":116},[63,15779,821],{"class":81},[63,15781,15782],{"class":85}," 150",[63,15784,11822],{"class":81},[63,15786,15787,15789,15792,15794,15796],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,15788,11806],{"class":116},[63,15790,15791],{"class":120},"available",[63,15793,117],{"class":116},[63,15795,821],{"class":81},[63,15797,6742],{"class":1205},[63,15799,15800],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,15801,846],{"class":81},[63,15803,15804],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,15805,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,15807,15808,15810,15812,15815],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,15809,140],{"class":139},[63,15811,113],{"class":81},[63,15813,15814],{"class":145},"book",[63,15816,126],{"class":81},[14,15818,15819],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[49,15821,9710],{"id":9709},[14,15823,15824],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15826,15827],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[54,15829,15831],{"className":56,"code":15830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15832,15833,15841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15834,15835,15837,15839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15836,2097],{"class":69},[63,15838,74],{"class":73},[63,15840,10145],{"class":81},[63,15842,15843,15845,15847,15849],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15844,140],{"class":139},[63,15846,113],{"class":81},[63,15848,2138],{"class":145},[63,15850,126],{"class":81},[54,15852,15853],{"className":56,"code":9713,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,15854,15855,15865],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15856,15857,15859,15861,15863],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15858,2097],{"class":69},[63,15860,74],{"class":73},[63,15862,9486],{"class":77},[63,15864,279],{"class":81},[63,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15868,140],{"class":139},[63,15870,113],{"class":81},[63,15872,2138],{"class":145},[63,15874,126],{"class":81},[14,15876,15877],{},[1217,15878,163],{},[54,15880,15881],{"className":56,"code":9742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,15882,15883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15884,15885],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15886,9742],{"class":81},[14,15888,15889],{},"Both are correct.",[486,15891,15893],{"id":15892},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15895,15896,15898,15899,15902],{},[18,15897,4128],{}," creates an empty ",[1217,15900,15901],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15904,15905,15906,259],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15907,4133],{},[54,15909,15911],{"className":56,"code":15910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15912,15913,15921,15933,15937,15951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15914,15915,15917,15919],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15916,12033],{"class":69},[63,15918,74],{"class":73},[63,15920,10145],{"class":81},[63,15922,15923,15926,15928,15931],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15924,15925],{"class":69},"my_set ",[63,15927,74],{"class":73},[63,15929,15930],{"class":77}," set",[63,15932,279],{"class":81},[63,15934,15935],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,15936,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,15938,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,15940,140],{"class":139},[63,15942,113],{"class":81},[63,15944,3557],{"class":77},[63,15946,113],{"class":81},[63,15948,11757],{"class":145},[63,15950,100],{"class":81},[63,15952,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15964],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,15954,140],{"class":139},[63,15956,113],{"class":81},[63,15958,3557],{"class":77},[63,15960,113],{"class":81},[63,15962,15963],{"class":145},"my_set",[63,15965,100],{"class":81},[14,15967,15968],{},[1217,15969,163],{},[54,15971,15973],{"className":56,"code":15972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15974,15975,15989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,15976,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,15978,3626],{"class":73},[63,15980,3629],{"class":2402},[63,15982,203],{"class":116},[63,15984,9138],{"class":120},[63,15986,193],{"class":116},[63,15988,3638],{"class":73},[63,15990,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,15992,3626],{"class":73},[63,15994,3629],{"class":2402},[63,15996,203],{"class":116},[63,15998,6607],{"class":120},[63,16000,193],{"class":116},[63,16002,3638],{"class":73},[49,16004,16006,16007],{"id":16005},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,16008,9437],{},[14,16010,16011,16012,16014],{},"You can also use ",[18,16013,9437],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,16016,16017],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[54,16019,16021],{"className":56,"code":16020,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,16022,16023,16063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16024,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16052,16054,16057,16059,16061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16026,1412],{"class":69},[63,16028,74],{"class":73},[63,16030,9486],{"class":77},[63,16032,113],{"class":81},[63,16034,816],{"class":9491},[63,16036,74],{"class":73},[63,16038,117],{"class":116},[63,16040,827],{"class":120},[63,16042,117],{"class":116},[63,16044,89],{"class":81},[63,16046,9504],{"class":9491},[63,16048,74],{"class":73},[63,16050,16051],{"class":85},"20",[63,16053,89],{"class":81},[63,16055,16056],{"class":9491}," active",[63,16058,74],{"class":73},[63,16060,3941],{"class":1205},[63,16062,126],{"class":81},[63,16064,16065,16067,16069,16071],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16066,140],{"class":139},[63,16068,113],{"class":81},[63,16070,1464],{"class":145},[63,16072,126],{"class":81},[14,16074,16075],{},[1217,16076,163],{},[54,16078,16080],{"className":56,"code":16079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,16081,16082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16083,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16119,16121,16123,16125],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16085,9588],{"class":81},[63,16087,193],{"class":116},[63,16089,816],{"class":120},[63,16091,193],{"class":116},[63,16093,821],{"class":81},[63,16095,203],{"class":116},[63,16097,827],{"class":120},[63,16099,193],{"class":116},[63,16101,89],{"class":81},[63,16103,203],{"class":116},[63,16105,836],{"class":120},[63,16107,193],{"class":116},[63,16109,821],{"class":81},[63,16111,746],{"class":85},[63,16113,89],{"class":81},[63,16115,203],{"class":116},[63,16117,16118],{"class":120},"active",[63,16120,193],{"class":116},[63,16122,821],{"class":81},[63,16124,4249],{"class":1205},[63,16126,846],{"class":81},[14,16128,16129],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[486,16131,16133,16134],{"id":16132},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,16135,9437],{},[14,16137,16138],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[29,16140,16141,16144],{},[32,16142,16143],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[32,16145,16146],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16148,7008],{},[54,16150,16152],{"className":56,"code":16151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,16153,16154,16184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16155,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16157,11796],{"class":69},[63,16159,74],{"class":73},[63,16161,9486],{"class":77},[63,16163,113],{"class":81},[63,16165,816],{"class":9491},[63,16167,74],{"class":73},[63,16169,117],{"class":116},[63,16171,7997],{"class":120},[63,16173,117],{"class":116},[63,16175,89],{"class":81},[63,16177,9504],{"class":9491},[63,16179,74],{"class":73},[63,16181,9509],{"class":85},[63,16183,126],{"class":81},[63,16185,16186,16188,16190,16192],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16187,140],{"class":139},[63,16189,113],{"class":81},[63,16191,11890],{"class":145},[63,16193,126],{"class":81},[14,16195,4958,16196,16198],{},[1217,16197,4961],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[54,16200,16202],{"className":56,"code":16201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,16203,16204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16205,16206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16207,16201],{"class":1910},[14,16209,16210],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16212,16213],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[54,16215,16217],{"className":56,"code":16216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,16218,16219,16227,16243,16247,16251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16220,16221,16223,16225],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16222,11796],{"class":69},[63,16224,74],{"class":73},[63,16226,11801],{"class":81},[63,16228,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16230,11806],{"class":116},[63,16232,10801],{"class":120},[63,16234,117],{"class":116},[63,16236,821],{"class":81},[63,16238,824],{"class":116},[63,16240,7997],{"class":120},[63,16242,3694],{"class":116},[63,16244,16245],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16246,846],{"class":81},[63,16248,16249],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16250,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16252,16253,16255,16257,16259],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16254,140],{"class":139},[63,16256,113],{"class":81},[63,16258,11890],{"class":145},[63,16260,126],{"class":81},[49,16262,9752],{"id":9751},[14,16264,16265,16267],{},[18,16266,9437],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16269,16270],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[54,16272,16274],{"className":56,"code":16273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,16275,16276,16333,16337,16351,16355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16277,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16329,16331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16279,1804],{"class":69},[63,16281,74],{"class":73},[63,16283,9534],{"class":81},[63,16285,117],{"class":116},[63,16287,816],{"class":120},[63,16289,117],{"class":116},[63,16291,89],{"class":81},[63,16293,824],{"class":116},[63,16295,827],{"class":120},[63,16297,117],{"class":116},[63,16299,1684],{"class":81},[63,16301,1687],{"class":81},[63,16303,117],{"class":116},[63,16305,836],{"class":120},[63,16307,117],{"class":116},[63,16309,89],{"class":81},[63,16311,746],{"class":85},[63,16313,1684],{"class":81},[63,16315,1687],{"class":81},[63,16317,117],{"class":116},[63,16319,10715],{"class":120},[63,16321,117],{"class":116},[63,16323,89],{"class":81},[63,16325,824],{"class":116},[63,16327,16328],{"class":120},"Lima",[63,16330,117],{"class":116},[63,16332,1704],{"class":81},[63,16334,16335],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16336,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16338,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16340,1412],{"class":69},[63,16342,74],{"class":73},[63,16344,9486],{"class":77},[63,16346,113],{"class":81},[63,16348,1834],{"class":145},[63,16350,126],{"class":81},[63,16352,16353],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16354,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16356,16357,16359,16361,16363],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16358,140],{"class":139},[63,16360,113],{"class":81},[63,16362,1464],{"class":145},[63,16364,126],{"class":81},[14,16366,16367],{},[1217,16368,163],{},[54,16370,16372],{"className":56,"code":16371,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,16373,16374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16375,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418,16420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16377,9588],{"class":81},[63,16379,193],{"class":116},[63,16381,816],{"class":120},[63,16383,193],{"class":116},[63,16385,821],{"class":81},[63,16387,203],{"class":116},[63,16389,827],{"class":120},[63,16391,193],{"class":116},[63,16393,89],{"class":81},[63,16395,203],{"class":116},[63,16397,836],{"class":120},[63,16399,193],{"class":116},[63,16401,821],{"class":81},[63,16403,746],{"class":85},[63,16405,89],{"class":81},[63,16407,203],{"class":116},[63,16409,10715],{"class":120},[63,16411,193],{"class":116},[63,16413,821],{"class":81},[63,16415,203],{"class":116},[63,16417,16328],{"class":120},[63,16419,193],{"class":116},[63,16421,846],{"class":81},[14,16423,16424],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[54,16426,16428],{"className":56,"code":16427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,16429,16430,16471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16431,16432,16434,16436,16438,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16433,1412],{"class":69},[63,16435,74],{"class":73},[63,16437,9486],{"class":77},[63,16439,16440],{"class":81},"(((",[63,16442,117],{"class":116},[63,16444,816],{"class":120},[63,16446,117],{"class":116},[63,16448,89],{"class":81},[63,16450,824],{"class":116},[63,16452,827],{"class":120},[63,16454,117],{"class":116},[63,16456,1684],{"class":81},[63,16458,1687],{"class":81},[63,16460,117],{"class":116},[63,16462,836],{"class":120},[63,16464,117],{"class":116},[63,16466,89],{"class":81},[63,16468,746],{"class":85},[63,16470,1965],{"class":81},[63,16472,16473,16475,16477,16479],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16474,140],{"class":139},[63,16476,113],{"class":81},[63,16478,1464],{"class":145},[63,16480,126],{"class":81},[14,16482,16483],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[49,16485,16487],{"id":16486},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16489,16490],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[29,16492,16493,16496,16499,16502],{},[32,16494,16495],{},"Keys must be unique",[32,16497,16498],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[32,16500,16501],{},"Values can repeat",[32,16503,16504],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[486,16506,16508],{"id":16507},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[54,16510,16512],{"className":56,"code":16511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,16513,16514,16522,16540,16557,16561,16565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16515,16516,16518,16520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16517,2097],{"class":69},[63,16519,74],{"class":73},[63,16521,11801],{"class":81},[63,16523,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16525,11806],{"class":116},[63,16527,816],{"class":120},[63,16529,117],{"class":116},[63,16531,821],{"class":81},[63,16533,824],{"class":116},[63,16535,827],{"class":120},[63,16537,117],{"class":116},[63,16539,11822],{"class":81},[63,16541,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550,16552,16555],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16543,11806],{"class":116},[63,16545,816],{"class":120},[63,16547,117],{"class":116},[63,16549,821],{"class":81},[63,16551,824],{"class":116},[63,16553,16554],{"class":120},"Maria",[63,16556,3694],{"class":116},[63,16558,16559],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16560,846],{"class":81},[63,16562,16563],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16564,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16566,16567,16569,16571,16573],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,16568,140],{"class":139},[63,16570,113],{"class":81},[63,16572,2138],{"class":145},[63,16574,126],{"class":81},[14,16576,16577],{},[1217,16578,163],{},[54,16580,16582],{"className":56,"code":16581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,16583,16584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16585,16586,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600,16602],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16587,9588],{"class":81},[63,16589,193],{"class":116},[63,16591,816],{"class":120},[63,16593,193],{"class":116},[63,16595,821],{"class":81},[63,16597,203],{"class":116},[63,16599,16554],{"class":120},[63,16601,193],{"class":116},[63,16603,846],{"class":81},[14,16605,16606],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[486,16608,16610],{"id":16609},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[54,16612,16614],{"className":56,"code":16613,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,16615,16616,16624,16640,16656,16670,16674,16678],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16617,16618,16620,16622],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16619,1781],{"class":69},[63,16621,74],{"class":73},[63,16623,11801],{"class":81},[63,16625,16626,16629,16631,16633,16636,16638],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16627,16628],{"class":85},"    1",[63,16630,821],{"class":81},[63,16632,824],{"class":116},[63,16634,16635],{"class":120},"low",[63,16637,117],{"class":116},[63,16639,11822],{"class":81},[63,16641,16642,16645,16647,16649,16652,16654],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16643,16644],{"class":85},"    2",[63,16646,821],{"class":81},[63,16648,824],{"class":116},[63,16650,16651],{"class":120},"medium",[63,16653,117],{"class":116},[63,16655,11822],{"class":81},[63,16657,16658,16661,16663,16665,16668],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16659,16660],{"class":85},"    3",[63,16662,821],{"class":81},[63,16664,824],{"class":116},[63,16666,16667],{"class":120},"high",[63,16669,3694],{"class":116},[63,16671,16672],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16673,846],{"class":81},[63,16675,16676],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,16677,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16679,16680,16682,16684,16687],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,16681,140],{"class":139},[63,16683,113],{"class":81},[63,16685,16686],{"class":145},"scores",[63,16688,126],{"class":81},[486,16690,16692],{"id":16691},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16694,16695],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16697,16698],{},"This will cause an error:",[54,16700,16702],{"className":56,"code":16701,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,16703,16704,16709,16714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16705,16706],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16707,16708],{"class":1910},"# bad = {\n",[63,16710,16711],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16712,16713],{"class":1910},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[63,16715,16716],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16717,16718],{"class":1910},"# }\n",[14,16720,16721],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[54,16723,16725],{"className":56,"code":16724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,16726,16727,16736,16756,16760,16764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16728,16729,16732,16734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16730,16731],{"class":69},"good ",[63,16733,74],{"class":73},[63,16735,11801],{"class":81},[63,16737,16738,16741,16743,16745,16747,16750,16752,16754],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16739,16740],{"class":81},"    (",[63,16742,86],{"class":85},[63,16744,89],{"class":81},[63,16746,92],{"class":85},[63,16748,16749],{"class":81},"):",[63,16751,824],{"class":116},[63,16753,146],{"class":120},[63,16755,3694],{"class":116},[63,16757,16758],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16759,846],{"class":81},[63,16761,16762],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16763,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16765,16766,16768,16770,16773],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16767,140],{"class":139},[63,16769,113],{"class":81},[63,16771,16772],{"class":145},"good",[63,16774,126],{"class":81},[49,16776,16778],{"id":16777},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16780,16781],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16783,16784],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[29,16786,16787,16790,16792,16795],{},[32,16788,16789],{},"user data",[32,16791,14183],{},[32,16793,16794],{},"counters",[32,16796,16797],{},"lookups",[14,16799,2543],{},[54,16801,16803],{"className":56,"code":16802,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16804,16805,16813,16832,16851,16863,16867,16871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16806,16807,16809,16811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16808,11796],{"class":69},[63,16810,74],{"class":73},[63,16812,11801],{"class":81},[63,16814,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16828,16830],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16816,11806],{"class":116},[63,16818,8302],{"class":120},[63,16820,117],{"class":116},[63,16822,821],{"class":81},[63,16824,824],{"class":116},[63,16826,16827],{"class":120},"ana123",[63,16829,117],{"class":116},[63,16831,11822],{"class":81},[63,16833,16834,16836,16838,16840,16842,16844,16847,16849],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,16835,11806],{"class":116},[63,16837,15555],{"class":120},[63,16839,117],{"class":116},[63,16841,821],{"class":81},[63,16843,824],{"class":116},[63,16845,16846],{"class":120},"ana@example.com",[63,16848,117],{"class":116},[63,16850,11822],{"class":81},[63,16852,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,16854,11806],{"class":116},[63,16856,12821],{"class":120},[63,16858,117],{"class":116},[63,16860,821],{"class":81},[63,16862,6742],{"class":1205},[63,16864,16865],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,16866,846],{"class":81},[63,16868,16869],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,16870,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,16872,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,16874,140],{"class":139},[63,16876,113],{"class":81},[63,16878,11890],{"class":145},[63,16880,173],{"class":81},[63,16882,117],{"class":116},[63,16884,15555],{"class":120},[63,16886,117],{"class":116},[63,16888,2080],{"class":81},[14,16890,16891,16892,259],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[196,16893,16895],{"href":16894},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16897,16898],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[29,16900,16901,16904,16907],{},[32,16902,16903],{},"labels are not needed",[32,16905,16906],{},"you mostly care about position",[32,16908,16909],{},"order matters more than named fields",[49,16911,3167],{"id":3166},[14,16913,16914],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[29,16916,16917,16920,16923,16926,16929],{},[32,16918,16919],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[32,16921,16922],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[32,16924,16925],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[32,16927,16928],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[32,16930,16931,16932,16934],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16933,4128],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[486,16936,16938],{"id":16937},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16940,16941],{},"Wrong:",[54,16943,16945],{"className":56,"code":16944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16946,16947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16948,16949],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16950,16944],{"class":1910},[14,16952,16953],{},"Correct:",[54,16955,16957],{"className":56,"code":16956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16958,16959,16983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,16962,1412],{"class":69},[63,16964,74],{"class":73},[63,16966,811],{"class":81},[63,16968,117],{"class":116},[63,16970,816],{"class":120},[63,16972,117],{"class":116},[63,16974,821],{"class":81},[63,16976,824],{"class":116},[63,16978,827],{"class":120},[63,16980,117],{"class":116},[63,16982,846],{"class":81},[63,16984,16985,16987,16989,16991],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,16986,140],{"class":139},[63,16988,113],{"class":81},[63,16990,1464],{"class":145},[63,16992,126],{"class":81},[486,16994,16996],{"id":16995},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16998,16941],{},[54,17000,17002],{"className":56,"code":17001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,17003,17004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17005,17006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17007,17001],{"class":1910},[14,17009,17010,17011,17013,17014,17016],{},"This only works if ",[18,17012,816],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,17015,15536],{},", use quotes.",[14,17018,16953],{},[54,17020,17021],{"className":56,"code":16956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,17022,17023,17047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17024,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17026,1412],{"class":69},[63,17028,74],{"class":73},[63,17030,811],{"class":81},[63,17032,117],{"class":116},[63,17034,816],{"class":120},[63,17036,117],{"class":116},[63,17038,821],{"class":81},[63,17040,824],{"class":116},[63,17042,827],{"class":120},[63,17044,117],{"class":116},[63,17046,846],{"class":81},[63,17048,17049,17051,17053,17055],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17050,140],{"class":139},[63,17052,113],{"class":81},[63,17054,1464],{"class":145},[63,17056,126],{"class":81},[486,17058,17060],{"id":17059},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[54,17062,17064],{"className":56,"code":17063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,17065,17066,17098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17067,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17069,2097],{"class":69},[63,17071,74],{"class":73},[63,17073,811],{"class":81},[63,17075,117],{"class":116},[63,17077,836],{"class":120},[63,17079,117],{"class":116},[63,17081,821],{"class":81},[63,17083,746],{"class":85},[63,17085,89],{"class":81},[63,17087,824],{"class":116},[63,17089,836],{"class":120},[63,17091,117],{"class":116},[63,17093,821],{"class":81},[63,17095,751],{"class":85},[63,17097,846],{"class":81},[63,17099,17100,17102,17104,17106],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17101,140],{"class":139},[63,17103,113],{"class":81},[63,17105,2138],{"class":145},[63,17107,126],{"class":81},[14,17109,17110],{},[1217,17111,163],{},[54,17113,17115],{"className":56,"code":17114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,17116,17117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17118,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17120,9588],{"class":81},[63,17122,193],{"class":116},[63,17124,836],{"class":120},[63,17126,193],{"class":116},[63,17128,821],{"class":81},[63,17130,751],{"class":85},[63,17132,846],{"class":81},[49,17134,17136],{"id":17135},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17138,17139],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[54,17141,17143],{"className":56,"code":17142,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,17144,17145,17181,17185,17195,17209,17224,17238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17146,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17148,12033],{"class":69},[63,17150,74],{"class":73},[63,17152,811],{"class":81},[63,17154,117],{"class":116},[63,17156,816],{"class":120},[63,17158,117],{"class":116},[63,17160,821],{"class":81},[63,17162,824],{"class":116},[63,17164,827],{"class":120},[63,17166,117],{"class":116},[63,17168,89],{"class":81},[63,17170,824],{"class":116},[63,17172,836],{"class":120},[63,17174,117],{"class":116},[63,17176,821],{"class":81},[63,17178,746],{"class":85},[63,17180,846],{"class":81},[63,17182,17183],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17184,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,17186,17187,17189,17191,17193],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,17188,140],{"class":139},[63,17190,113],{"class":81},[63,17192,11757],{"class":145},[63,17194,126],{"class":81},[63,17196,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,17198,140],{"class":139},[63,17200,113],{"class":81},[63,17202,3557],{"class":77},[63,17204,113],{"class":81},[63,17206,11757],{"class":145},[63,17208,100],{"class":81},[63,17210,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17222],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,17212,140],{"class":139},[63,17214,113],{"class":81},[63,17216,11757],{"class":145},[63,17218,259],{"class":81},[63,17220,17221],{"class":145},"keys",[63,17223,7515],{"class":81},[63,17225,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,17227,140],{"class":139},[63,17229,113],{"class":81},[63,17231,11757],{"class":145},[63,17233,259],{"class":81},[63,17235,763],{"class":145},[63,17237,7515],{"class":81},[63,17239,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,17241,140],{"class":139},[63,17243,113],{"class":81},[63,17245,11468],{"class":139},[63,17247,113],{"class":81},[63,17249,11757],{"class":145},[63,17251,100],{"class":81},[14,17253,17254],{},[1217,17255,768],{},[54,17257,17259],{"className":56,"code":17258,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,17260,17261,17293,17307,17330,17349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17262,17263,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17264,9588],{"class":81},[63,17266,193],{"class":116},[63,17268,816],{"class":120},[63,17270,193],{"class":116},[63,17272,821],{"class":81},[63,17274,203],{"class":116},[63,17276,827],{"class":120},[63,17278,193],{"class":116},[63,17280,89],{"class":81},[63,17282,203],{"class":116},[63,17284,836],{"class":120},[63,17286,193],{"class":116},[63,17288,821],{"class":81},[63,17290,746],{"class":85},[63,17292,846],{"class":81},[63,17294,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17296,3626],{"class":73},[63,17298,3629],{"class":2402},[63,17300,203],{"class":116},[63,17302,9138],{"class":120},[63,17304,193],{"class":116},[63,17306,3638],{"class":73},[63,17308,17309,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,17310,17311],{"class":145},"dict_keys",[63,17313,2071],{"class":81},[63,17315,193],{"class":116},[63,17317,816],{"class":120},[63,17319,193],{"class":116},[63,17321,89],{"class":81},[63,17323,203],{"class":116},[63,17325,836],{"class":120},[63,17327,193],{"class":116},[63,17329,2080],{"class":81},[63,17331,17332,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,17333,17334],{"class":145},"dict_values",[63,17336,2071],{"class":81},[63,17338,193],{"class":116},[63,17340,827],{"class":120},[63,17342,193],{"class":116},[63,17344,89],{"class":81},[63,17346,746],{"class":85},[63,17348,2080],{"class":81},[63,17350,17351],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,17352,17353],{"class":85},"2\n",[14,17355,17356,17357,2524,17363,17369,17370,259],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[196,17358,11042,17360],{"href":17359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,17361,17362],{},"keys()",[196,17364,11042,17366],{"href":17365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,17367,17368],{},"values()",", and ",[196,17371,11042,17373],{"href":17372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,17374,17375],{},"items()",[49,17377,2165],{"id":2164},[486,17379,17381],{"id":17380},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17383,222,17384,1725,17386,17388],{},[18,17385,4128],{},[18,17387,9437],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[486,17390,17392],{"id":17391},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17394,17395,17396,259],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,17397,17398],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[486,17400,17402],{"id":17401},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17404,17405],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[486,17407,17409],{"id":17408},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17411,17412],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[486,17414,2169,17416,4726,17418,2827],{"id":17415},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,17417,4128],{},[18,17419,9437],{},[14,17421,17422,17424,17425,17427],{},[18,17423,4128],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,17426,9437],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[49,17429,2219],{"id":2218},[29,17431,17432,17436,17442,17446,17452],{},[32,17433,17434],{},[196,17435,9472],{"href":9471},[32,17437,17438],{},[196,17439,11042,17440,11046],{"href":11041},[18,17441,11045],{},[32,17443,17444],{},[196,17445,11558],{"href":11036},[32,17447,17448],{},[196,17449,17451],{"href":17450},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,17453,17454],{},[196,17455,11569],{"href":11380},[14,17457,17458],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2259,17460,17461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":17463},[17464,17465,17466,17467,17470,17473,17478,17479,17484,17485,17490,17491,17499],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":15476,"depth":103,"text":15464},{"id":15561,"depth":103,"text":15562,"children":17468},[17469],{"id":15713,"depth":129,"text":15714},{"id":9709,"depth":103,"text":9710,"children":17471},[17472],{"id":15892,"depth":129,"text":15893},{"id":16005,"depth":103,"text":17474,"children":17475},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17476],{"id":16132,"depth":129,"text":17477},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9751,"depth":103,"text":9752},{"id":16486,"depth":103,"text":16487,"children":17480},[17481,17482,17483],{"id":16507,"depth":129,"text":16508},{"id":16609,"depth":129,"text":16610},{"id":16691,"depth":129,"text":16692},{"id":16777,"depth":103,"text":16778},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":17486},[17487,17488,17489],{"id":16937,"depth":129,"text":16938},{"id":16995,"depth":129,"text":16996},{"id":17059,"depth":129,"text":17060},{"id":17135,"depth":103,"text":17136},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":17492},[17493,17494,17495,17496,17497],{"id":17380,"depth":129,"text":17381},{"id":17391,"depth":129,"text":17392},{"id":17401,"depth":129,"text":17402},{"id":17408,"depth":129,"text":17409},{"id":17415,"depth":129,"text":17498},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15301,"description":17500},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17506,"title":17507,"body":17508,"description":19956,"extension":2300,"meta":19957,"navigation":132,"path":19958,"seo":19959,"stem":19960,"__hash__":19961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17509,"toc":19912},[17510,17516,17522,17525,17528,17530,17611,17617,17622,17626,17644,17656,17661,17665,17688,17692,17704,17712,17716,17722,17724,17727,17802,17804,17849,17851,17868,17873,17879,17884,17958,17960,18005,18008,18019,18021,18140,18142,18195,18202,18206,18209,18226,18232,18236,18334,18336,18387,18394,18398,18404,18407,18410,18437,18442,18446,18449,18553,18555,18600,18603,18606,18611,18616,18627,18629,18690,18750,18756,18764,18770,18775,18780,18840,18844,18911,18914,18918,18989,18991,19004,19011,19013,19017,19021,19092,19094,19131,19134,19137,19200,19207,19210,19252,19262,19265,19334,19340,19345,19429,19431,19480,19487,19493,19538,19540,19573,19578,19582,19588,19627,19671,19739,19782,19784,19790,19793,19797,19802,19806,19809,19813,19815,19876,19878,19904,19909],[10,17511,11625,17513,11629],{"id":17512},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,17514,17515],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17517,17518,17521],{},[18,17519,17520],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17523,17524],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17526,17527],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[49,17529,52],{"id":51},[54,17531,17533],{"className":56,"code":17532,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,17534,17535,17568,17596,17606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17536,17537,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17538,17539],{"class":69},"keys ",[63,17541,74],{"class":73},[63,17543,1091],{"class":81},[63,17545,117],{"class":116},[63,17547,816],{"class":120},[63,17549,117],{"class":116},[63,17551,89],{"class":81},[63,17553,824],{"class":116},[63,17555,836],{"class":120},[63,17557,117],{"class":116},[63,17559,89],{"class":81},[63,17561,824],{"class":116},[63,17563,10715],{"class":120},[63,17565,117],{"class":116},[63,17567,186],{"class":81},[63,17569,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17592,17594],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17571,806],{"class":69},[63,17573,74],{"class":73},[63,17575,9486],{"class":77},[63,17577,259],{"class":81},[63,17579,17580],{"class":145},"fromkeys",[63,17582,113],{"class":81},[63,17584,17221],{"class":145},[63,17586,89],{"class":81},[63,17588,824],{"class":116},[63,17590,17591],{"class":120},"unknown",[63,17593,117],{"class":116},[63,17595,126],{"class":81},[63,17597,17598,17600,17602,17604],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,17599,140],{"class":139},[63,17601,113],{"class":81},[63,17603,860],{"class":145},[63,17605,126],{"class":81},[63,17607,17608],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,17609,17610],{"class":1910},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17612,222,17613,17616],{},[18,17614,17615],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[49,17618,4014,17620,4017],{"id":17619},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,17621,17520],{},[14,17623,17624,821],{},[18,17625,17520],{},[29,17627,17628,17631,17634,17637],{},[32,17629,17630],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[32,17632,17633],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[32,17635,17636],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[32,17638,17639,17640,17643],{},"Is called as ",[18,17641,17642],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17645,17646,17647,17649,17650,17652,17653,259],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,17648,9138],{},", so you write ",[18,17651,17642],{}," instead of something like ",[18,17654,17655],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17657,17658,17659,259],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[196,17660,9472],{"href":13328},[49,17662,17664],{"id":17663},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[54,17666,17668],{"className":56,"code":17667,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,17669,17670],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17671,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17673,9138],{"class":77},[63,17675,259],{"class":81},[63,17677,17580],{"class":145},[63,17679,113],{"class":81},[63,17681,288],{"class":145},[63,17683,89],{"class":81},[63,17685,8749],{"class":145},[63,17687,126],{"class":81},[486,17689,17691],{"id":17690},"parameters","Parameters",[29,17693,17694,17699],{},[32,17695,17696,17698],{},[18,17697,288],{},": the keys to use",[32,17700,17701,17703],{},[18,17702,2807],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17705,17706,17707,17709,17710,259],{},"If you leave out ",[18,17708,2807],{},", each key gets ",[18,17711,4115],{},[486,17713,17715],{"id":17714},"return-value","Return value",[14,17717,17718,17719,259],{},"It returns a ",[1217,17720,17721],{},"new dictionary",[49,17723,6106],{"id":6105},[14,17725,17726],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[54,17728,17730],{"className":56,"code":17729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,17731,17732,17765,17787,17791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17733,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17735,17539],{"class":69},[63,17737,74],{"class":73},[63,17739,1091],{"class":81},[63,17741,117],{"class":116},[63,17743,13398],{"class":120},[63,17745,117],{"class":116},[63,17747,89],{"class":81},[63,17749,824],{"class":116},[63,17751,17752],{"class":120},"green",[63,17754,117],{"class":116},[63,17756,89],{"class":81},[63,17758,824],{"class":116},[63,17760,13415],{"class":120},[63,17762,117],{"class":116},[63,17764,186],{"class":81},[63,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17768,13381],{"class":69},[63,17770,74],{"class":73},[63,17772,9486],{"class":77},[63,17774,259],{"class":81},[63,17776,17580],{"class":145},[63,17778,113],{"class":81},[63,17780,17221],{"class":145},[63,17782,89],{"class":81},[63,17784,4169],{"class":85},[63,17786,126],{"class":81},[63,17788,17789],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,17790,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,17792,17793,17795,17797,17800],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,17794,140],{"class":139},[63,17796,113],{"class":81},[63,17798,17799],{"class":145},"colors",[63,17801,126],{"class":81},[14,17803,163],{},[54,17805,17807],{"className":56,"code":17806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17808,17809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17810,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17812,9588],{"class":81},[63,17814,193],{"class":116},[63,17816,13398],{"class":120},[63,17818,193],{"class":116},[63,17820,821],{"class":81},[63,17822,4169],{"class":85},[63,17824,89],{"class":81},[63,17826,203],{"class":116},[63,17828,17752],{"class":120},[63,17830,193],{"class":116},[63,17832,821],{"class":81},[63,17834,4169],{"class":85},[63,17836,89],{"class":81},[63,17838,203],{"class":116},[63,17840,13415],{"class":120},[63,17842,193],{"class":116},[63,17844,821],{"class":81},[63,17846,4169],{"class":85},[63,17848,846],{"class":81},[14,17850,11992],{},[29,17852,17853,17858,17863],{},[32,17854,17855,17857],{},[18,17856,17221],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[32,17859,17860,17862],{},[18,17861,687],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[32,17864,17865,17867],{},[18,17866,17520],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17869,17870,17871,259],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[196,17872,9699],{"href":13331},[49,17874,8733,17876,17878],{"id":17875},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17877,17515],{}," without a value",[14,17880,17881,17882,259],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17883,4115],{},[54,17885,17887],{"className":56,"code":17886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17888,17889,17923,17943,17947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17890,17891,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17919,17921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17892,17893],{"class":69},"fields ",[63,17895,74],{"class":73},[63,17897,1091],{"class":81},[63,17899,117],{"class":116},[63,17901,8302],{"class":120},[63,17903,117],{"class":116},[63,17905,89],{"class":81},[63,17907,824],{"class":116},[63,17909,15555],{"class":120},[63,17911,117],{"class":116},[63,17913,89],{"class":81},[63,17915,824],{"class":116},[63,17917,17918],{"class":120},"password",[63,17920,117],{"class":116},[63,17922,186],{"class":81},[63,17924,17925,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17941],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,17926,17927],{"class":69},"user_data ",[63,17929,74],{"class":73},[63,17931,9486],{"class":77},[63,17933,259],{"class":81},[63,17935,17580],{"class":145},[63,17937,113],{"class":81},[63,17939,17940],{"class":145},"fields",[63,17942,126],{"class":81},[63,17944,17945],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,17946,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,17948,17949,17951,17953,17956],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,17950,140],{"class":139},[63,17952,113],{"class":81},[63,17954,17955],{"class":145},"user_data",[63,17957,126],{"class":81},[14,17959,163],{},[54,17961,17963],{"className":56,"code":17962,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17964,17965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,17966,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,17968,9588],{"class":81},[63,17970,193],{"class":116},[63,17972,8302],{"class":120},[63,17974,193],{"class":116},[63,17976,821],{"class":81},[63,17978,4187],{"class":1205},[63,17980,89],{"class":81},[63,17982,203],{"class":116},[63,17984,15555],{"class":120},[63,17986,193],{"class":116},[63,17988,821],{"class":81},[63,17990,4187],{"class":1205},[63,17992,89],{"class":81},[63,17994,203],{"class":116},[63,17996,17918],{"class":120},[63,17998,193],{"class":116},[63,18000,821],{"class":81},[63,18002,4187],{"class":1205},[63,18004,846],{"class":81},[14,18006,18007],{},"This is useful when:",[29,18009,18010,18013,18016],{},[32,18011,18012],{},"You want to create the keys first",[32,18014,18015],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[32,18017,18018],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,18020,2543],{},[54,18022,18024],{"className":56,"code":18023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,18025,18026,18058,18076,18080,18103,18126,18130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18027,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18029,17893],{"class":69},[63,18031,74],{"class":73},[63,18033,1091],{"class":81},[63,18035,117],{"class":116},[63,18037,8302],{"class":120},[63,18039,117],{"class":116},[63,18041,89],{"class":81},[63,18043,824],{"class":116},[63,18045,15555],{"class":120},[63,18047,117],{"class":116},[63,18049,89],{"class":81},[63,18051,824],{"class":116},[63,18053,17918],{"class":120},[63,18055,117],{"class":116},[63,18057,186],{"class":81},[63,18059,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18061,17927],{"class":69},[63,18063,74],{"class":73},[63,18065,9486],{"class":77},[63,18067,259],{"class":81},[63,18069,17580],{"class":145},[63,18071,113],{"class":81},[63,18073,17940],{"class":145},[63,18075,126],{"class":81},[63,18077,18078],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,18079,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18081,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18101],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,18083,17955],{"class":69},[63,18085,173],{"class":81},[63,18087,117],{"class":116},[63,18089,8302],{"class":120},[63,18091,117],{"class":116},[63,18093,13578],{"class":81},[63,18095,13581],{"class":73},[63,18097,824],{"class":116},[63,18099,18100],{"class":120},"alice",[63,18102,3694],{"class":116},[63,18104,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18124],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,18106,17955],{"class":69},[63,18108,173],{"class":81},[63,18110,117],{"class":116},[63,18112,15555],{"class":120},[63,18114,117],{"class":116},[63,18116,13578],{"class":81},[63,18118,13581],{"class":73},[63,18120,824],{"class":116},[63,18122,18123],{"class":120},"alice@example.com",[63,18125,3694],{"class":116},[63,18127,18128],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,18129,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18131,18132,18134,18136,18138],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,18133,140],{"class":139},[63,18135,113],{"class":81},[63,18137,17955],{"class":145},[63,18139,126],{"class":81},[14,18141,163],{},[54,18143,18145],{"className":56,"code":18144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,18146,18147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18148,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18150,9588],{"class":81},[63,18152,193],{"class":116},[63,18154,8302],{"class":120},[63,18156,193],{"class":116},[63,18158,821],{"class":81},[63,18160,203],{"class":116},[63,18162,18100],{"class":120},[63,18164,193],{"class":116},[63,18166,89],{"class":81},[63,18168,203],{"class":116},[63,18170,15555],{"class":120},[63,18172,193],{"class":116},[63,18174,821],{"class":81},[63,18176,203],{"class":116},[63,18178,18123],{"class":120},[63,18180,193],{"class":116},[63,18182,89],{"class":81},[63,18184,203],{"class":116},[63,18186,17918],{"class":120},[63,18188,193],{"class":116},[63,18190,821],{"class":81},[63,18192,4187],{"class":1205},[63,18194,846],{"class":81},[14,18196,18197,18198,259],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[196,18199,18201],{"href":18200},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[49,18203,18205],{"id":18204},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18207,18208],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[29,18210,18211,18216,18221],{},[32,18212,18213,18215],{},[18,18214,479],{}," (list)",[32,18217,18218,18220],{},[18,18219,4128],{}," (dictionary)",[32,18222,18223,18225],{},[18,18224,4133],{}," (set)",[14,18227,18228,18229,259],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1217,18230,18231],{},"same object",[486,18233,18235],{"id":18234},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[54,18237,18239],{"className":56,"code":18238,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18240,18241,18273,18294,18298,18320,18324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18242,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18244,17539],{"class":69},[63,18246,74],{"class":73},[63,18248,1091],{"class":81},[63,18250,117],{"class":116},[63,18252,196],{"class":120},[63,18254,117],{"class":116},[63,18256,89],{"class":81},[63,18258,824],{"class":116},[63,18260,206],{"class":120},[63,18262,117],{"class":116},[63,18264,89],{"class":81},[63,18266,824],{"class":116},[63,18268,215],{"class":120},[63,18270,117],{"class":116},[63,18272,186],{"class":81},[63,18274,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18276,2097],{"class":69},[63,18278,74],{"class":73},[63,18280,9486],{"class":77},[63,18282,259],{"class":81},[63,18284,17580],{"class":145},[63,18286,113],{"class":81},[63,18288,17221],{"class":145},[63,18290,89],{"class":81},[63,18292,18293],{"class":81}," [])\n",[63,18295,18296],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,18297,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18299,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,18301,2138],{"class":69},[63,18303,173],{"class":81},[63,18305,117],{"class":116},[63,18307,196],{"class":120},[63,18309,117],{"class":116},[63,18311,1284],{"class":81},[63,18313,401],{"class":145},[63,18315,113],{"class":81},[63,18317,86],{"class":85},[63,18319,126],{"class":81},[63,18321,18322],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,18323,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18325,18326,18328,18330,18332],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,18327,140],{"class":139},[63,18329,113],{"class":81},[63,18331,2138],{"class":145},[63,18333,126],{"class":81},[14,18335,163],{},[54,18337,18339],{"className":56,"code":18338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,18340,18341],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18342,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18344,9588],{"class":81},[63,18346,193],{"class":116},[63,18348,196],{"class":120},[63,18350,193],{"class":116},[63,18352,821],{"class":81},[63,18354,1091],{"class":81},[63,18356,86],{"class":85},[63,18358,1243],{"class":81},[63,18360,203],{"class":116},[63,18362,206],{"class":120},[63,18364,193],{"class":116},[63,18366,821],{"class":81},[63,18368,1091],{"class":81},[63,18370,86],{"class":85},[63,18372,1243],{"class":81},[63,18374,203],{"class":116},[63,18376,215],{"class":120},[63,18378,193],{"class":116},[63,18380,821],{"class":81},[63,18382,1091],{"class":81},[63,18384,86],{"class":85},[63,18386,14006],{"class":81},[14,18388,18389,18390,18393],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,18391,18392],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[486,18395,18397],{"id":18396},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18399,18400,18403],{},[18,18401,18402],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18405,18406],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18408,18409],{},"So this:",[54,18411,18413],{"className":56,"code":18412,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,18414,18415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18416,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18418,2138],{"class":69},[63,18420,173],{"class":81},[63,18422,117],{"class":116},[63,18424,196],{"class":120},[63,18426,117],{"class":116},[63,18428,1284],{"class":81},[63,18430,401],{"class":145},[63,18432,113],{"class":81},[63,18434,86],{"class":85},[63,18436,126],{"class":81},[14,18438,18439,18440,259],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,18441,18392],{},[486,18443,18445],{"id":18444},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18447,18448],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[54,18450,18452],{"className":56,"code":18451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,18453,18454,18486,18513,18517,18539,18543],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18455,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18457,17539],{"class":69},[63,18459,74],{"class":73},[63,18461,1091],{"class":81},[63,18463,117],{"class":116},[63,18465,196],{"class":120},[63,18467,117],{"class":116},[63,18469,89],{"class":81},[63,18471,824],{"class":116},[63,18473,206],{"class":120},[63,18475,117],{"class":116},[63,18477,89],{"class":81},[63,18479,824],{"class":116},[63,18481,215],{"class":120},[63,18483,117],{"class":116},[63,18485,186],{"class":81},[63,18487,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18501,18503,18506,18508,18511],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18489,2097],{"class":69},[63,18491,74],{"class":73},[63,18493,811],{"class":81},[63,18495,15137],{"class":69},[63,18497,821],{"class":81},[63,18499,18500],{"class":81}," []",[63,18502,4211],{"class":1155},[63,18504,18505],{"class":69}," key ",[63,18507,4217],{"class":1155},[63,18509,18510],{"class":69}," keys",[63,18512,846],{"class":81},[63,18514,18515],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,18516,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18518,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,18520,2138],{"class":69},[63,18522,173],{"class":81},[63,18524,117],{"class":116},[63,18526,196],{"class":120},[63,18528,117],{"class":116},[63,18530,1284],{"class":81},[63,18532,401],{"class":145},[63,18534,113],{"class":81},[63,18536,86],{"class":85},[63,18538,126],{"class":81},[63,18540,18541],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,18542,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,18544,18545,18547,18549,18551],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,18546,140],{"class":139},[63,18548,113],{"class":81},[63,18550,2138],{"class":145},[63,18552,126],{"class":81},[14,18554,163],{},[54,18556,18558],{"className":56,"code":18557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,18559,18560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18561,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18563,9588],{"class":81},[63,18565,193],{"class":116},[63,18567,196],{"class":120},[63,18569,193],{"class":116},[63,18571,821],{"class":81},[63,18573,1091],{"class":81},[63,18575,86],{"class":85},[63,18577,1243],{"class":81},[63,18579,203],{"class":116},[63,18581,206],{"class":120},[63,18583,193],{"class":116},[63,18585,821],{"class":81},[63,18587,18588],{"class":81}," [],",[63,18590,203],{"class":116},[63,18592,215],{"class":120},[63,18594,193],{"class":116},[63,18596,821],{"class":81},[63,18598,18599],{"class":81}," []}\n",[14,18601,18602],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18604,18605],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[49,18607,5292,18609],{"id":18608},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,18610,17515],{},[14,18612,18613,18615],{},[18,18614,17520],{}," is a good choice when:",[29,18617,18618,18621,18624],{},[32,18619,18620],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[32,18622,18623],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[32,18625,18626],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18628,2462],{},[54,18630,18632],{"className":56,"code":18631,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,18633,18634,18679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18635,18636,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18671,18673,18675,18677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18637,18638],{"class":69},"flags ",[63,18640,74],{"class":73},[63,18642,9486],{"class":77},[63,18644,259],{"class":81},[63,18646,17580],{"class":145},[63,18648,2071],{"class":81},[63,18650,117],{"class":116},[63,18652,18653],{"class":120},"is_admin",[63,18655,117],{"class":116},[63,18657,89],{"class":81},[63,18659,824],{"class":116},[63,18661,15375],{"class":120},[63,18663,117],{"class":116},[63,18665,89],{"class":81},[63,18667,824],{"class":116},[63,18669,18670],{"class":120},"is_verified",[63,18672,117],{"class":116},[63,18674,1243],{"class":81},[63,18676,4240],{"class":1205},[63,18678,126],{"class":81},[63,18680,18681,18683,18685,18688],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18682,140],{"class":139},[63,18684,113],{"class":81},[63,18686,18687],{"class":145},"flags",[63,18689,126],{"class":81},[54,18691,18693],{"className":56,"code":18692,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,18694,18695,18740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18696,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18714,18716,18718,18720,18723,18725,18727,18729,18732,18734,18736,18738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18698,1781],{"class":69},[63,18700,74],{"class":73},[63,18702,9486],{"class":77},[63,18704,259],{"class":81},[63,18706,17580],{"class":145},[63,18708,2071],{"class":81},[63,18710,117],{"class":116},[63,18712,18713],{"class":120},"math",[63,18715,117],{"class":116},[63,18717,89],{"class":81},[63,18719,824],{"class":116},[63,18721,18722],{"class":120},"science",[63,18724,117],{"class":116},[63,18726,89],{"class":81},[63,18728,824],{"class":116},[63,18730,18731],{"class":120},"history",[63,18733,117],{"class":116},[63,18735,1243],{"class":81},[63,18737,4169],{"class":85},[63,18739,126],{"class":81},[63,18741,18742,18744,18746,18748],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18743,140],{"class":139},[63,18745,113],{"class":81},[63,18747,16686],{"class":145},[63,18749,126],{"class":81},[14,18751,18752,18753,18755],{},"It is ",[1217,18754,4961],{}," the best choice when:",[29,18757,18758,18761],{},[32,18759,18760],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[32,18762,18763],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[49,18765,18767,18769],{"id":18766},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,18768,17515],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18771,18772,18774],{},[18,18773,17515],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[486,18776,8733,18778],{"id":18777},"using-fromkeys",[18,18779,17515],{},[54,18781,18783],{"className":56,"code":18782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18784,18785,18830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18786,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18804,18806,18808,18810,18813,18815,18817,18819,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18788,14124],{"class":69},[63,18790,74],{"class":73},[63,18792,9486],{"class":77},[63,18794,259],{"class":81},[63,18796,17580],{"class":145},[63,18798,2071],{"class":81},[63,18800,117],{"class":116},[63,18802,18803],{"class":120},"sound",[63,18805,117],{"class":116},[63,18807,89],{"class":81},[63,18809,824],{"class":116},[63,18811,18812],{"class":120},"music",[63,18814,117],{"class":116},[63,18816,89],{"class":81},[63,18818,824],{"class":116},[63,18820,18821],{"class":120},"notifications",[63,18823,117],{"class":116},[63,18825,1243],{"class":81},[63,18827,4249],{"class":1205},[63,18829,126],{"class":81},[63,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18833,140],{"class":139},[63,18835,113],{"class":81},[63,18837,14183],{"class":145},[63,18839,126],{"class":81},[486,18841,18843],{"id":18842},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[54,18845,18847],{"className":56,"code":18846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18848,18849,18857,18871,18885,18897,18901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18850,18851,18853,18855],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18852,14124],{"class":69},[63,18854,74],{"class":73},[63,18856,11801],{"class":81},[63,18858,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18860,11806],{"class":116},[63,18862,18803],{"class":120},[63,18864,117],{"class":116},[63,18866,821],{"class":81},[63,18868,4249],{"class":1205},[63,18870,11822],{"class":81},[63,18872,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,18874,11806],{"class":116},[63,18876,18812],{"class":120},[63,18878,117],{"class":116},[63,18880,821],{"class":81},[63,18882,4240],{"class":1205},[63,18884,11822],{"class":81},[63,18886,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,18888,11806],{"class":116},[63,18890,18821],{"class":120},[63,18892,117],{"class":116},[63,18894,821],{"class":81},[63,18896,6742],{"class":1205},[63,18898,18899],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,18900,846],{"class":81},[63,18902,18903,18905,18907,18909],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,18904,140],{"class":139},[63,18906,113],{"class":81},[63,18908,14183],{"class":145},[63,18910,126],{"class":81},[14,18912,18913],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[486,18915,18917],{"id":18916},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[54,18919,18921],{"className":56,"code":18920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18922,18923,18955,18979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,18924,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,18926,17539],{"class":69},[63,18928,74],{"class":73},[63,18930,1091],{"class":81},[63,18932,117],{"class":116},[63,18934,196],{"class":120},[63,18936,117],{"class":116},[63,18938,89],{"class":81},[63,18940,824],{"class":116},[63,18942,206],{"class":120},[63,18944,117],{"class":116},[63,18946,89],{"class":81},[63,18948,824],{"class":116},[63,18950,215],{"class":120},[63,18952,117],{"class":116},[63,18954,186],{"class":81},[63,18956,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,18958,2097],{"class":69},[63,18960,74],{"class":73},[63,18962,811],{"class":81},[63,18964,15137],{"class":69},[63,18966,821],{"class":81},[63,18968,18500],{"class":81},[63,18970,4211],{"class":1155},[63,18972,18505],{"class":69},[63,18974,4217],{"class":1155},[63,18976,18510],{"class":69},[63,18978,846],{"class":81},[63,18980,18981,18983,18985,18987],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,18982,140],{"class":139},[63,18984,113],{"class":81},[63,18986,2138],{"class":145},[63,18988,126],{"class":81},[14,18990,1937],{},[29,18992,18993,18998,19001],{},[32,18994,18995,18997],{},[18,18996,17515],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[32,18999,19000],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[32,19002,19003],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,19005,19006,19007,259],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[196,19008,11042,19009,11046],{"href":14331},[18,19010,15250],{},[49,19012,3167],{"id":3166},[14,19014,15029,19015,259],{},[18,19016,17520],{},[486,19018,19020],{"id":19019},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[54,19022,19024],{"className":56,"code":19023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19025,19026,19059,19082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19027,19028,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19029,19030],{"class":69},"d ",[63,19032,74],{"class":73},[63,19034,9486],{"class":77},[63,19036,259],{"class":81},[63,19038,17580],{"class":145},[63,19040,2071],{"class":81},[63,19042,117],{"class":116},[63,19044,196],{"class":120},[63,19046,117],{"class":116},[63,19048,89],{"class":81},[63,19050,824],{"class":116},[63,19052,206],{"class":120},[63,19054,117],{"class":116},[63,19056,1243],{"class":81},[63,19058,18293],{"class":81},[63,19060,19061,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19062,19063],{"class":69},"d",[63,19065,173],{"class":81},[63,19067,117],{"class":116},[63,19069,196],{"class":120},[63,19071,117],{"class":116},[63,19073,1284],{"class":81},[63,19075,401],{"class":145},[63,19077,113],{"class":81},[63,19079,86],{"class":85},[63,19081,126],{"class":81},[63,19083,19084,19086,19088,19090],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,19085,140],{"class":139},[63,19087,113],{"class":81},[63,19089,19063],{"class":145},[63,19091,126],{"class":81},[14,19093,163],{},[54,19095,19097],{"className":56,"code":19096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,19098,19099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19100,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19102,9588],{"class":81},[63,19104,193],{"class":116},[63,19106,196],{"class":120},[63,19108,193],{"class":116},[63,19110,821],{"class":81},[63,19112,1091],{"class":81},[63,19114,86],{"class":85},[63,19116,1243],{"class":81},[63,19118,203],{"class":116},[63,19120,206],{"class":120},[63,19122,193],{"class":116},[63,19124,821],{"class":81},[63,19126,1091],{"class":81},[63,19128,86],{"class":85},[63,19130,14006],{"class":81},[14,19132,19133],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19135,19136],{},"Use this instead:",[54,19138,19140],{"className":56,"code":19139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,19141,19142,19166,19190],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19143,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19145,17539],{"class":69},[63,19147,74],{"class":73},[63,19149,1091],{"class":81},[63,19151,117],{"class":116},[63,19153,196],{"class":120},[63,19155,117],{"class":116},[63,19157,89],{"class":81},[63,19159,824],{"class":116},[63,19161,206],{"class":120},[63,19163,117],{"class":116},[63,19165,186],{"class":81},[63,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19169,19030],{"class":69},[63,19171,74],{"class":73},[63,19173,811],{"class":81},[63,19175,15137],{"class":69},[63,19177,821],{"class":81},[63,19179,18500],{"class":81},[63,19181,4211],{"class":1155},[63,19183,18505],{"class":69},[63,19185,4217],{"class":1155},[63,19187,18510],{"class":69},[63,19189,846],{"class":81},[63,19191,19192,19194,19196,19198],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,19193,140],{"class":139},[63,19195,113],{"class":81},[63,19197,19063],{"class":145},[63,19199,126],{"class":81},[486,19201,19203,19204,19206],{"id":19202},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,19205,17515],{}," on a list",[14,19208,19209],{},"Wrong idea:",[54,19211,19213],{"className":56,"code":19212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,19214,19215,19247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19216,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19218,17539],{"class":69},[63,19220,74],{"class":73},[63,19222,1091],{"class":81},[63,19224,117],{"class":116},[63,19226,196],{"class":120},[63,19228,117],{"class":116},[63,19230,89],{"class":81},[63,19232,824],{"class":116},[63,19234,206],{"class":120},[63,19236,117],{"class":116},[63,19238,89],{"class":81},[63,19240,824],{"class":116},[63,19242,215],{"class":120},[63,19244,117],{"class":116},[63,19246,186],{"class":81},[63,19248,19249],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19250,19251],{"class":1910},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19253,19254,19256,19257,19259,19260,259],{},[18,19255,17515],{}," belongs to ",[18,19258,9138],{},", not ",[18,19261,276],{},[14,19263,19264],{},"Correct usage:",[54,19266,19268],{"className":56,"code":19267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,19269,19270,19302,19324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19271,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19273,17539],{"class":69},[63,19275,74],{"class":73},[63,19277,1091],{"class":81},[63,19279,117],{"class":116},[63,19281,196],{"class":120},[63,19283,117],{"class":116},[63,19285,89],{"class":81},[63,19287,824],{"class":116},[63,19289,206],{"class":120},[63,19291,117],{"class":116},[63,19293,89],{"class":81},[63,19295,824],{"class":116},[63,19297,215],{"class":120},[63,19299,117],{"class":116},[63,19301,186],{"class":81},[63,19303,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19305,19030],{"class":69},[63,19307,74],{"class":73},[63,19309,9486],{"class":77},[63,19311,259],{"class":81},[63,19313,17580],{"class":145},[63,19315,113],{"class":81},[63,19317,17221],{"class":145},[63,19319,89],{"class":81},[63,19321,4169],{"class":85},[63,19323,126],{"class":81},[63,19325,19326,19328,19330,19332],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,19327,140],{"class":139},[63,19329,113],{"class":81},[63,19331,19063],{"class":145},[63,19333,126],{"class":81},[486,19335,8769,19337,19339],{"id":19336},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19338,17515],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19341,19342,19344],{},[18,19343,17520],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[54,19346,19348],{"className":56,"code":19347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,19349,19350,19370,19404,19408,19418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19351,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19353,1086],{"class":69},[63,19355,74],{"class":73},[63,19357,811],{"class":81},[63,19359,117],{"class":116},[63,19361,2509],{"class":120},[63,19363,117],{"class":116},[63,19365,821],{"class":81},[63,19367,692],{"class":85},[63,19369,846],{"class":81},[63,19371,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19373,13343],{"class":69},[63,19375,74],{"class":73},[63,19377,9486],{"class":77},[63,19379,259],{"class":81},[63,19381,17580],{"class":145},[63,19383,2071],{"class":81},[63,19385,117],{"class":116},[63,19387,196],{"class":120},[63,19389,117],{"class":116},[63,19391,89],{"class":81},[63,19393,824],{"class":116},[63,19395,206],{"class":120},[63,19397,117],{"class":116},[63,19399,1243],{"class":81},[63,19401,4169],{"class":85},[63,19403,126],{"class":81},[63,19405,19406],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,19407,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,19409,19410,19412,19414,19416],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,19411,140],{"class":139},[63,19413,113],{"class":81},[63,19415,1117],{"class":145},[63,19417,126],{"class":81},[63,19419,19420,19422,19424,19427],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,19421,140],{"class":139},[63,19423,113],{"class":81},[63,19425,19426],{"class":145},"new_dict",[63,19428,126],{"class":81},[14,19430,163],{},[54,19432,19434],{"className":56,"code":19433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,19435,19436,19452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19437,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19439,9588],{"class":81},[63,19441,193],{"class":116},[63,19443,2509],{"class":120},[63,19445,193],{"class":116},[63,19447,821],{"class":81},[63,19449,692],{"class":85},[63,19451,846],{"class":81},[63,19453,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19455,9588],{"class":81},[63,19457,193],{"class":116},[63,19459,196],{"class":120},[63,19461,193],{"class":116},[63,19463,821],{"class":81},[63,19465,4169],{"class":85},[63,19467,89],{"class":81},[63,19469,203],{"class":116},[63,19471,206],{"class":120},[63,19473,193],{"class":116},[63,19475,821],{"class":81},[63,19477,4169],{"class":85},[63,19479,846],{"class":81},[14,19481,19482,19483,259],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[196,19484,11042,19485,11046],{"href":14331},[18,19486,15250],{},[486,19488,19490,19491],{"id":19489},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,19492,4115],{},[54,19494,19496],{"className":56,"code":19495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,19497,19498,19528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19499,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19501,19030],{"class":69},[63,19503,74],{"class":73},[63,19505,9486],{"class":77},[63,19507,259],{"class":81},[63,19509,17580],{"class":145},[63,19511,2071],{"class":81},[63,19513,117],{"class":116},[63,19515,2509],{"class":120},[63,19517,117],{"class":116},[63,19519,89],{"class":81},[63,19521,824],{"class":116},[63,19523,12054],{"class":120},[63,19525,117],{"class":116},[63,19527,2080],{"class":81},[63,19529,19530,19532,19534,19536],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19531,140],{"class":139},[63,19533,113],{"class":81},[63,19535,19063],{"class":145},[63,19537,126],{"class":81},[14,19539,163],{},[54,19541,19543],{"className":56,"code":19542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,19544,19545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19546,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19548,9588],{"class":81},[63,19550,193],{"class":116},[63,19552,2509],{"class":120},[63,19554,193],{"class":116},[63,19556,821],{"class":81},[63,19558,4187],{"class":1205},[63,19560,89],{"class":81},[63,19562,203],{"class":116},[63,19564,12054],{"class":120},[63,19566,193],{"class":116},[63,19568,821],{"class":81},[63,19570,4187],{"class":1205},[63,19572,846],{"class":81},[14,19574,19575,19576,259],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,19577,4115],{},[49,19579,19581],{"id":19580},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19583,19584,19585,19587],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,19586,17515],{}," works.",[54,19589,19591],{"className":56,"code":19590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,19592,19593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19594,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19596,140],{"class":139},[63,19598,113],{"class":81},[63,19600,9138],{"class":77},[63,19602,259],{"class":81},[63,19604,17580],{"class":145},[63,19606,2071],{"class":81},[63,19608,117],{"class":116},[63,19610,196],{"class":120},[63,19612,117],{"class":116},[63,19614,89],{"class":81},[63,19616,824],{"class":116},[63,19618,206],{"class":120},[63,19620,117],{"class":116},[63,19622,1243],{"class":81},[63,19624,4169],{"class":85},[63,19626,100],{"class":81},[54,19628,19629],{"className":56,"code":19495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,19630,19631,19661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19632,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19634,19030],{"class":69},[63,19636,74],{"class":73},[63,19638,9486],{"class":77},[63,19640,259],{"class":81},[63,19642,17580],{"class":145},[63,19644,2071],{"class":81},[63,19646,117],{"class":116},[63,19648,2509],{"class":120},[63,19650,117],{"class":116},[63,19652,89],{"class":81},[63,19654,824],{"class":116},[63,19656,12054],{"class":120},[63,19658,117],{"class":116},[63,19660,2080],{"class":81},[63,19662,19663,19665,19667,19669],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19664,140],{"class":139},[63,19666,113],{"class":81},[63,19668,19063],{"class":145},[63,19670,126],{"class":81},[54,19672,19673],{"className":56,"code":19023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,19674,19675,19707,19729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19676,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19678,19030],{"class":69},[63,19680,74],{"class":73},[63,19682,9486],{"class":77},[63,19684,259],{"class":81},[63,19686,17580],{"class":145},[63,19688,2071],{"class":81},[63,19690,117],{"class":116},[63,19692,196],{"class":120},[63,19694,117],{"class":116},[63,19696,89],{"class":81},[63,19698,824],{"class":116},[63,19700,206],{"class":120},[63,19702,117],{"class":116},[63,19704,1243],{"class":81},[63,19706,18293],{"class":81},[63,19708,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19710,19063],{"class":69},[63,19712,173],{"class":81},[63,19714,117],{"class":116},[63,19716,196],{"class":120},[63,19718,117],{"class":116},[63,19720,1284],{"class":81},[63,19722,401],{"class":145},[63,19724,113],{"class":81},[63,19726,86],{"class":85},[63,19728,126],{"class":81},[63,19730,19731,19733,19735,19737],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,19732,140],{"class":139},[63,19734,113],{"class":81},[63,19736,19063],{"class":145},[63,19738,126],{"class":81},[54,19740,19742],{"className":56,"code":19741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,19743,19744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19745,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19747,140],{"class":139},[63,19749,113],{"class":81},[63,19751,3557],{"class":77},[63,19753,113],{"class":81},[63,19755,9138],{"class":77},[63,19757,259],{"class":81},[63,19759,17580],{"class":145},[63,19761,2071],{"class":81},[63,19763,86],{"class":85},[63,19765,89],{"class":81},[63,19767,92],{"class":85},[63,19769,89],{"class":81},[63,19771,97],{"class":85},[63,19773,1243],{"class":81},[63,19775,824],{"class":116},[63,19777,2807],{"class":120},[63,19779,117],{"class":116},[63,19781,1965],{"class":81},[49,19783,2165],{"id":2164},[486,19785,13011,19787,19789],{"id":19786},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,19788,17515],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19791,19792],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[486,19794,19796],{"id":19795},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19798,19799,19800,259],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19801,4115],{},[486,19803,19805],{"id":19804},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19807,19808],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[486,19810,19812],{"id":19811},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19814,18448],{},[54,19816,19818],{"className":56,"code":19817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19819,19820,19852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19821,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19823,17539],{"class":69},[63,19825,74],{"class":73},[63,19827,1091],{"class":81},[63,19829,117],{"class":116},[63,19831,196],{"class":120},[63,19833,117],{"class":116},[63,19835,89],{"class":81},[63,19837,824],{"class":116},[63,19839,206],{"class":120},[63,19841,117],{"class":116},[63,19843,89],{"class":81},[63,19845,824],{"class":116},[63,19847,215],{"class":120},[63,19849,117],{"class":116},[63,19851,186],{"class":81},[63,19853,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,19855,2097],{"class":69},[63,19857,74],{"class":73},[63,19859,811],{"class":81},[63,19861,15137],{"class":69},[63,19863,821],{"class":81},[63,19865,18500],{"class":81},[63,19867,4211],{"class":1155},[63,19869,18505],{"class":69},[63,19871,4217],{"class":1155},[63,19873,18510],{"class":69},[63,19875,846],{"class":81},[49,19877,2219],{"id":2218},[29,19879,19880,19884,19888,19892,19898],{},[32,19881,19882],{},[196,19883,11549],{"href":13331},[32,19885,19886],{},[196,19887,9472],{"href":13328},[32,19889,19890],{},[196,19891,11558],{"href":18200},[32,19893,19894],{},[196,19895,11042,19896,11046],{"href":14331},[18,19897,15250],{},[32,19899,19900],{},[196,19901,11042,19902,11046],{"href":15295},[18,19903,13084],{},[14,19905,222,19906,19908],{},[18,19907,17520],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2259,19910,19911],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":19913},[19914,19915,19917,19921,19922,19924,19929,19931,19938,19947,19948,19955],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":17619,"depth":103,"text":19916},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17663,"depth":103,"text":17664,"children":19918},[19919,19920],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":17714,"depth":129,"text":17715},{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":17875,"depth":103,"text":19923},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18204,"depth":103,"text":18205,"children":19925},[19926,19927,19928],{"id":18234,"depth":129,"text":18235},{"id":18396,"depth":129,"text":18397},{"id":18444,"depth":129,"text":18445},{"id":18608,"depth":103,"text":19930},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18766,"depth":103,"text":19932,"children":19933},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19934,19936,19937],{"id":18777,"depth":129,"text":19935},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18842,"depth":129,"text":18843},{"id":18916,"depth":129,"text":18917},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":19939},[19940,19941,19943,19945],{"id":19019,"depth":129,"text":19020},{"id":19202,"depth":129,"text":19942},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19336,"depth":129,"text":19944},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19489,"depth":129,"text":19946},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19580,"depth":103,"text":19581},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":19949},[19950,19952,19953,19954],{"id":19786,"depth":129,"text":19951},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19795,"depth":129,"text":19796},{"id":19804,"depth":129,"text":19805},{"id":19811,"depth":129,"text":19812},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17507,"description":19956},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19963,"title":19964,"body":19965,"description":21793,"extension":2300,"meta":21794,"navigation":132,"path":21795,"seo":21796,"stem":21797,"__hash__":21798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19966,"toc":21760},[19967,19972,19978,19989,20119,20126,20131,20135,20151,20153,20249,20252,20269,20273,20275,20280,20318,20321,20339,20341,20459,20464,20468,20484,20487,20623,20626,20631,20637,20640,20677,20680,20684,20689,20765,20769,20774,20856,20858,20874,20879,20883,20889,20958,20961,20978,20981,21063,21069,21072,21092,21096,21101,21107,21113,21184,21187,21193,21196,21270,21277,21283,21291,21301,21303,21398,21404,21409,21496,21502,21504,21509,21531,21534,21629,21632,21663,21676,21678,21686,21692,21698,21701,21707,21712,21719,21724,21726,21757],[10,19968,11625,19970,11629],{"id":19969},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19971,11045],{},[14,19973,19974,19975,19977],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19976,11045],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19979,19980,19981,2524,19984,2732,19986,19988],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19982,19983],{},"KeyError",[18,19985,11045],{},[18,19987,4115],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[54,19990,19992],{"className":56,"code":19991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19993,19994,20030,20034,20060,20085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,19995,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,19997,806],{"class":69},[63,19999,74],{"class":73},[63,20001,811],{"class":81},[63,20003,117],{"class":116},[63,20005,816],{"class":120},[63,20007,117],{"class":116},[63,20009,821],{"class":81},[63,20011,824],{"class":116},[63,20013,827],{"class":120},[63,20015,117],{"class":116},[63,20017,89],{"class":81},[63,20019,824],{"class":116},[63,20021,836],{"class":120},[63,20023,117],{"class":116},[63,20025,821],{"class":81},[63,20027,843],{"class":85},[63,20029,846],{"class":81},[63,20031,20032],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20033,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20035,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20037,140],{"class":139},[63,20039,113],{"class":81},[63,20041,860],{"class":145},[63,20043,259],{"class":81},[63,20045,20046],{"class":145},"get",[63,20048,113],{"class":81},[63,20050,117],{"class":116},[63,20052,816],{"class":120},[63,20054,117],{"class":116},[63,20056,5683],{"class":81},[63,20058,20059],{"class":1910},"           # Ana\n",[63,20061,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20063,140],{"class":139},[63,20065,113],{"class":81},[63,20067,860],{"class":145},[63,20069,259],{"class":81},[63,20071,20046],{"class":145},[63,20073,113],{"class":81},[63,20075,117],{"class":116},[63,20077,10715],{"class":120},[63,20079,117],{"class":116},[63,20081,5683],{"class":81},[63,20083,20084],{"class":1910},"           # None\n",[63,20086,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20112,20114,20116],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,20088,140],{"class":139},[63,20090,113],{"class":81},[63,20092,860],{"class":145},[63,20094,259],{"class":81},[63,20096,20046],{"class":145},[63,20098,113],{"class":81},[63,20100,117],{"class":116},[63,20102,10715],{"class":120},[63,20104,117],{"class":116},[63,20106,89],{"class":81},[63,20108,824],{"class":116},[63,20110,20111],{"class":120},"N\u002FA",[63,20113,117],{"class":116},[63,20115,5683],{"class":81},[63,20117,20118],{"class":1910},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20120,222,20121,20123,20124,259],{},[18,20122,11045],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,20125,19983],{},[49,20127,4014,20129,4017],{"id":20128},"what-get-does",[18,20130,11045],{},[14,20132,2317,20133,11720],{},[18,20134,11045],{},[29,20136,20137,20140,20145,20148],{},[32,20138,20139],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[32,20141,11731,20142,20144],{},[18,20143,4115],{}," if the key does not exist",[32,20146,20147],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[32,20149,20150],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20152,2543],{},[54,20154,20156],{"className":56,"code":20155,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,20157,20158,20195,20199,20224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20159,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20161,1412],{"class":69},[63,20163,74],{"class":73},[63,20165,811],{"class":81},[63,20167,117],{"class":116},[63,20169,816],{"class":120},[63,20171,117],{"class":116},[63,20173,821],{"class":81},[63,20175,824],{"class":116},[63,20177,20178],{"class":120},"Lina",[63,20180,117],{"class":116},[63,20182,89],{"class":81},[63,20184,824],{"class":116},[63,20186,1438],{"class":120},[63,20188,117],{"class":116},[63,20190,821],{"class":81},[63,20192,1858],{"class":85},[63,20194,846],{"class":81},[63,20196,20197],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20198,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20200,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20202,140],{"class":139},[63,20204,113],{"class":81},[63,20206,1464],{"class":145},[63,20208,259],{"class":81},[63,20210,20046],{"class":145},[63,20212,113],{"class":81},[63,20214,117],{"class":116},[63,20216,816],{"class":120},[63,20218,117],{"class":116},[63,20220,5683],{"class":81},[63,20222,20223],{"class":1910},"     # Lina\n",[63,20225,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20227,140],{"class":139},[63,20229,113],{"class":81},[63,20231,1464],{"class":145},[63,20233,259],{"class":81},[63,20235,20046],{"class":145},[63,20237,113],{"class":81},[63,20239,117],{"class":116},[63,20241,15555],{"class":120},[63,20243,117],{"class":116},[63,20245,5683],{"class":81},[63,20247,20248],{"class":1910},"    # None\n",[14,20250,20251],{},"In this example:",[29,20253,20254,20259],{},[32,20255,20256,20258],{},[18,20257,15536],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[32,20260,20261,20264,20265,2732,20267],{},[18,20262,20263],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,20266,11045],{},[18,20268,4115],{},[14,20270,13325,20271,259],{},[196,20272,9472],{"href":9471},[49,20274,263],{"id":262},[14,20276,20277,20278,821],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,20279,11045],{},[54,20281,20283],{"className":56,"code":20282,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,20284,20285,20299],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20286,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20288,15901],{"class":69},[63,20290,259],{"class":81},[63,20292,20046],{"class":145},[63,20294,113],{"class":81},[63,20296,15137],{"class":145},[63,20298,126],{"class":81},[63,20300,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20316],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20302,15901],{"class":69},[63,20304,259],{"class":81},[63,20306,20046],{"class":145},[63,20308,113],{"class":81},[63,20310,15137],{"class":145},[63,20312,89],{"class":81},[63,20314,20315],{"class":145}," default_value",[63,20317,126],{"class":81},[14,20319,20320],{},"What each part means:",[29,20322,20323,20328,20334],{},[32,20324,20325,20327],{},[18,20326,15137],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[32,20329,20330,20333],{},[18,20331,20332],{},"default_value"," is optional",[32,20335,20336,20337],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,20338,4115],{},[14,20340,2543],{},[54,20342,20344],{"className":56,"code":20343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,20345,20346,20370,20374,20399,20425],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20347,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20349,14124],{"class":69},[63,20351,74],{"class":73},[63,20353,811],{"class":81},[63,20355,117],{"class":116},[63,20357,12801],{"class":120},[63,20359,117],{"class":116},[63,20361,821],{"class":81},[63,20363,824],{"class":116},[63,20365,12810],{"class":120},[63,20367,117],{"class":116},[63,20369,846],{"class":81},[63,20371,20372],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20373,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20375,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20377,140],{"class":139},[63,20379,113],{"class":81},[63,20381,14183],{"class":145},[63,20383,259],{"class":81},[63,20385,20046],{"class":145},[63,20387,113],{"class":81},[63,20389,117],{"class":116},[63,20391,12801],{"class":120},[63,20393,117],{"class":116},[63,20395,5683],{"class":81},[63,20397,20398],{"class":1910},"            # dark\n",[63,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20418,20420,20422],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20402,140],{"class":139},[63,20404,113],{"class":81},[63,20406,14183],{"class":145},[63,20408,259],{"class":81},[63,20410,20046],{"class":145},[63,20412,113],{"class":81},[63,20414,117],{"class":116},[63,20416,20417],{"class":120},"language",[63,20419,117],{"class":116},[63,20421,5683],{"class":81},[63,20423,20424],{"class":1910},"         # None\n",[63,20426,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20452,20454,20456],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,20428,140],{"class":139},[63,20430,113],{"class":81},[63,20432,14183],{"class":145},[63,20434,259],{"class":81},[63,20436,20046],{"class":145},[63,20438,113],{"class":81},[63,20440,117],{"class":116},[63,20442,20417],{"class":120},[63,20444,117],{"class":116},[63,20446,89],{"class":81},[63,20448,824],{"class":116},[63,20450,20451],{"class":120},"en",[63,20453,117],{"class":116},[63,20455,5683],{"class":81},[63,20457,20458],{"class":1910},"   # en\n",[49,20460,5292,20462],{"id":20461},"when-to-use-get",[18,20463,11045],{},[14,20465,222,20466,1716],{},[18,20467,11045],{},[29,20469,20470,20473,20478,20481],{},[32,20471,20472],{},"A key might not exist",[32,20474,20475,20476],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,20477,19983],{},[32,20479,20480],{},"You are reading optional data",[32,20482,20483],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20485,20486],{},"Example with optional user data:",[54,20488,20490],{"className":56,"code":20489,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,20491,20492,20534,20538,20563,20589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20493,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20530,20532],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20495,11796],{"class":69},[63,20497,74],{"class":73},[63,20499,811],{"class":81},[63,20501,117],{"class":116},[63,20503,8302],{"class":120},[63,20505,117],{"class":116},[63,20507,821],{"class":81},[63,20509,824],{"class":116},[63,20511,20512],{"class":120},"sam",[63,20514,117],{"class":116},[63,20516,89],{"class":81},[63,20518,824],{"class":116},[63,20520,15555],{"class":120},[63,20522,117],{"class":116},[63,20524,821],{"class":81},[63,20526,824],{"class":116},[63,20528,20529],{"class":120},"sam@example.com",[63,20531,117],{"class":116},[63,20533,846],{"class":81},[63,20535,20536],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20537,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20539,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20541,140],{"class":139},[63,20543,113],{"class":81},[63,20545,11890],{"class":145},[63,20547,259],{"class":81},[63,20549,20046],{"class":145},[63,20551,113],{"class":81},[63,20553,117],{"class":116},[63,20555,8302],{"class":120},[63,20557,117],{"class":116},[63,20559,5683],{"class":81},[63,20561,20562],{"class":1910},"              # sam\n",[63,20564,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20582,20584,20586],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20566,140],{"class":139},[63,20568,113],{"class":81},[63,20570,11890],{"class":145},[63,20572,259],{"class":81},[63,20574,20046],{"class":145},[63,20576,113],{"class":81},[63,20578,117],{"class":116},[63,20580,20581],{"class":120},"phone",[63,20583,117],{"class":116},[63,20585,5683],{"class":81},[63,20587,20588],{"class":1910},"                 # None\n",[63,20590,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20616,20618,20620],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,20592,140],{"class":139},[63,20594,113],{"class":81},[63,20596,11890],{"class":145},[63,20598,259],{"class":81},[63,20600,20046],{"class":145},[63,20602,113],{"class":81},[63,20604,117],{"class":116},[63,20606,20581],{"class":120},[63,20608,117],{"class":116},[63,20610,89],{"class":81},[63,20612,824],{"class":116},[63,20614,20615],{"class":120},"Not provided",[63,20617,117],{"class":116},[63,20619,5683],{"class":81},[63,20621,20622],{"class":1910}," # Not provided\n",[14,20624,20625],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20627,20628,20629,259],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[196,20630,16895],{"href":16894},[49,20632,20634,20636],{"id":20633},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,20635,11045],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20638,20639],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[54,20641,20643],{"className":56,"code":20642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,20644,20645,20659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20646,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20648,2138],{"class":69},[63,20650,173],{"class":81},[63,20652,117],{"class":116},[63,20654,15137],{"class":120},[63,20656,117],{"class":116},[63,20658,186],{"class":81},[63,20660,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20662,2138],{"class":69},[63,20664,259],{"class":81},[63,20666,20046],{"class":145},[63,20668,113],{"class":81},[63,20670,117],{"class":116},[63,20672,15137],{"class":120},[63,20674,117],{"class":116},[63,20676,126],{"class":81},[14,20678,20679],{},"The difference is important.",[486,20681,20683],{"id":20682},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20685,20686,20687,259],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,20688,19983],{},[54,20690,20692],{"className":56,"code":20691,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,20693,20694,20718,20722,20744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20695,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20697,2097],{"class":69},[63,20699,74],{"class":73},[63,20701,811],{"class":81},[63,20703,117],{"class":116},[63,20705,816],{"class":120},[63,20707,117],{"class":116},[63,20709,821],{"class":81},[63,20711,824],{"class":116},[63,20713,827],{"class":120},[63,20715,117],{"class":116},[63,20717,846],{"class":81},[63,20719,20720],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20721,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20723,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20741],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20725,140],{"class":139},[63,20727,113],{"class":81},[63,20729,2138],{"class":145},[63,20731,173],{"class":81},[63,20733,117],{"class":116},[63,20735,816],{"class":120},[63,20737,117],{"class":116},[63,20739,20740],{"class":81},"])",[63,20742,20743],{"class":1910},"   # Ana\n",[63,20745,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20747,140],{"class":139},[63,20749,113],{"class":81},[63,20751,2138],{"class":145},[63,20753,173],{"class":81},[63,20755,117],{"class":116},[63,20757,10715],{"class":120},[63,20759,117],{"class":116},[63,20761,20740],{"class":81},[63,20763,20764],{"class":1910},"   # KeyError\n",[486,20766,20767],{"id":20046},[18,20768,11045],{},[14,20770,20771,20773],{},[18,20772,11045],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[54,20775,20777],{"className":56,"code":20776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,20778,20779,20803,20807,20831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20780,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20782,2097],{"class":69},[63,20784,74],{"class":73},[63,20786,811],{"class":81},[63,20788,117],{"class":116},[63,20790,816],{"class":120},[63,20792,117],{"class":116},[63,20794,821],{"class":81},[63,20796,824],{"class":116},[63,20798,827],{"class":120},[63,20800,117],{"class":116},[63,20802,846],{"class":81},[63,20804,20805],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20806,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20808,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20810,140],{"class":139},[63,20812,113],{"class":81},[63,20814,2138],{"class":145},[63,20816,259],{"class":81},[63,20818,20046],{"class":145},[63,20820,113],{"class":81},[63,20822,117],{"class":116},[63,20824,816],{"class":120},[63,20826,117],{"class":116},[63,20828,5683],{"class":81},[63,20830,20743],{"class":1910},[63,20832,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,20834,140],{"class":139},[63,20836,113],{"class":81},[63,20838,2138],{"class":145},[63,20840,259],{"class":81},[63,20842,20046],{"class":145},[63,20844,113],{"class":81},[63,20846,117],{"class":116},[63,20848,10715],{"class":120},[63,20850,117],{"class":116},[63,20852,5683],{"class":81},[63,20854,20855],{"class":1910},"   # None\n",[14,20857,1937],{},[29,20859,20860,20866],{},[32,20861,20862,20863],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1217,20864,20865],{},"must exist",[32,20867,20868,20870,20871],{},[18,20869,11045],{}," when the key is ",[1217,20872,20873],{},"optional",[14,20875,20876,20877,259],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[196,20878,11569],{"href":11380},[49,20880,20882],{"id":20881},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20884,20885,20886,20888],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20887,11045],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[54,20890,20892],{"className":56,"code":20891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20893,20894,20919,20923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20895,20896,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20897,20898],{"class":69},"profile ",[63,20900,74],{"class":73},[63,20902,811],{"class":81},[63,20904,117],{"class":116},[63,20906,816],{"class":120},[63,20908,117],{"class":116},[63,20910,821],{"class":81},[63,20912,824],{"class":116},[63,20914,1429],{"class":120},[63,20916,117],{"class":116},[63,20918,846],{"class":81},[63,20920,20921],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,20922,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,20924,20925,20927,20929,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20951,20953,20955],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,20926,140],{"class":139},[63,20928,113],{"class":81},[63,20930,20931],{"class":145},"profile",[63,20933,259],{"class":81},[63,20935,20046],{"class":145},[63,20937,113],{"class":81},[63,20939,117],{"class":116},[63,20941,15558],{"class":120},[63,20943,117],{"class":116},[63,20945,89],{"class":81},[63,20947,824],{"class":116},[63,20949,20950],{"class":120},"Unknown",[63,20952,117],{"class":116},[63,20954,5683],{"class":81},[63,20956,20957],{"class":1910},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20959,20960],{},"This is useful for display text:",[29,20962,20963,20968,20973],{},[32,20964,20965],{},[18,20966,20967],{},"\"Unknown\"",[32,20969,20970],{},[18,20971,20972],{},"\"Not set\"",[32,20974,20975],{},[18,20976,20977],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20979,20980],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[54,20982,20984],{"className":56,"code":20983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20985,20986,21018,21022,21049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,20987,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,20989,1781],{"class":69},[63,20991,74],{"class":73},[63,20993,811],{"class":81},[63,20995,117],{"class":116},[63,20997,18713],{"class":120},[63,20999,117],{"class":116},[63,21001,821],{"class":81},[63,21003,6324],{"class":85},[63,21005,89],{"class":81},[63,21007,824],{"class":116},[63,21009,18722],{"class":120},[63,21011,117],{"class":116},[63,21013,821],{"class":81},[63,21015,6679],{"class":85},[63,21017,846],{"class":81},[63,21019,21020],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21021,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21023,21024,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21025,21026],{"class":69},"total_history ",[63,21028,74],{"class":73},[63,21030,1823],{"class":69},[63,21032,259],{"class":81},[63,21034,20046],{"class":145},[63,21036,113],{"class":81},[63,21038,117],{"class":116},[63,21040,18731],{"class":120},[63,21042,117],{"class":116},[63,21044,89],{"class":81},[63,21046,4169],{"class":85},[63,21048,126],{"class":81},[63,21050,21051,21053,21055,21058,21060],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21052,140],{"class":139},[63,21054,113],{"class":81},[63,21056,21057],{"class":145},"total_history",[63,21059,3997],{"class":81},[63,21061,21062],{"class":1910},"   # 0\n",[14,21064,21065,21066,21068],{},"Here, ",[18,21067,687],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,21070,21071],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[29,21073,21074,21077,21082,21087],{},[32,21075,21076],{},"Use a string for text",[32,21078,222,21079,21081],{},[18,21080,687],{}," for numbers",[32,21083,222,21084,21086],{},[18,21085,479],{}," for lists if needed",[32,21088,222,21089,21091],{},[18,21090,4128],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[49,21093,21095],{"id":21094},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21097,21098,21099,259],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,21100,11045],{},[486,21102,21104,21106],{"id":21103},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,21105,11045],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21108,21109,21110,21112],{},"This code does ",[1217,21111,4961],{}," create a new key:",[54,21114,21116],{"className":56,"code":21115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,21117,21118,21142,21146,21171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21119,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21121,806],{"class":69},[63,21123,74],{"class":73},[63,21125,811],{"class":81},[63,21127,117],{"class":116},[63,21129,816],{"class":120},[63,21131,117],{"class":116},[63,21133,821],{"class":81},[63,21135,824],{"class":116},[63,21137,827],{"class":120},[63,21139,117],{"class":116},[63,21141,846],{"class":81},[63,21143,21144],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21145,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21147,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21149,140],{"class":139},[63,21151,113],{"class":81},[63,21153,860],{"class":145},[63,21155,259],{"class":81},[63,21157,20046],{"class":145},[63,21159,113],{"class":81},[63,21161,117],{"class":116},[63,21163,10715],{"class":120},[63,21165,117],{"class":116},[63,21167,5683],{"class":81},[63,21169,21170],{"class":1910},"  # None\n",[63,21172,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21174,140],{"class":139},[63,21176,113],{"class":81},[63,21178,860],{"class":145},[63,21180,3997],{"class":81},[63,21182,21183],{"class":1910},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21185,21186],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[486,21188,21190,21192],{"id":21189},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,21191,11045],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21194,21195],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[54,21197,21199],{"className":56,"code":21198,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,21200,21201,21227,21231,21257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21202,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21214,21216,21218,21220,21223,21225],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21204,14124],{"class":69},[63,21206,74],{"class":73},[63,21208,811],{"class":81},[63,21210,117],{"class":116},[63,21212,21213],{"class":120},"mode",[63,21215,117],{"class":116},[63,21217,821],{"class":81},[63,21219,824],{"class":116},[63,21221,21222],{"class":120},"light",[63,21224,117],{"class":116},[63,21226,846],{"class":81},[63,21228,21229],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21230,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21232,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21234,14183],{"class":69},[63,21236,259],{"class":81},[63,21238,20046],{"class":145},[63,21240,113],{"class":81},[63,21242,117],{"class":116},[63,21244,12801],{"class":120},[63,21246,117],{"class":116},[63,21248,89],{"class":81},[63,21250,824],{"class":116},[63,21252,12810],{"class":120},[63,21254,117],{"class":116},[63,21256,126],{"class":81},[63,21258,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21260,140],{"class":139},[63,21262,113],{"class":81},[63,21264,14183],{"class":145},[63,21266,3997],{"class":81},[63,21268,21269],{"class":1910},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21271,21272,21273,21276],{},"Even though ",[18,21274,21275],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[486,21278,21280,21281],{"id":21279},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,21282,4115],{},[14,21284,21285,21286,2732,21288,21290],{},"Sometimes ",[18,21287,11045],{},[18,21289,4115],{}," because:",[29,21292,21293,21296],{},[32,21294,21295],{},"The key is missing, or",[32,21297,21298,21299],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,21300,4115],{},[14,21302,2543],{},[54,21304,21306],{"className":56,"code":21305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,21307,21308,21345,21349,21373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21309,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21337,21339,21341,21343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21311,2097],{"class":69},[63,21313,74],{"class":73},[63,21315,811],{"class":81},[63,21317,117],{"class":116},[63,21319,816],{"class":120},[63,21321,117],{"class":116},[63,21323,821],{"class":81},[63,21325,824],{"class":116},[63,21327,827],{"class":120},[63,21329,117],{"class":116},[63,21331,89],{"class":81},[63,21333,824],{"class":116},[63,21335,21336],{"class":120},"nickname",[63,21338,117],{"class":116},[63,21340,821],{"class":81},[63,21342,4187],{"class":1205},[63,21344,846],{"class":81},[63,21346,21347],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21348,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21350,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21352,140],{"class":139},[63,21354,113],{"class":81},[63,21356,2138],{"class":145},[63,21358,259],{"class":81},[63,21360,20046],{"class":145},[63,21362,113],{"class":81},[63,21364,117],{"class":116},[63,21366,21336],{"class":120},[63,21368,117],{"class":116},[63,21370,5683],{"class":81},[63,21372,21170],{"class":1910},[63,21374,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21376,140],{"class":139},[63,21378,113],{"class":81},[63,21380,2138],{"class":145},[63,21382,259],{"class":81},[63,21384,20046],{"class":145},[63,21386,113],{"class":81},[63,21388,117],{"class":116},[63,21390,10715],{"class":120},[63,21392,117],{"class":116},[63,21394,5683],{"class":81},[63,21396,21397],{"class":1910},"      # None\n",[14,21399,21400,21401,21403],{},"Both lines print ",[18,21402,4115],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21405,21406,21407,821],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,21408,4217],{},[54,21410,21412],{"className":56,"code":21411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,21413,21414,21450,21454,21475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21415,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21417,2097],{"class":69},[63,21419,74],{"class":73},[63,21421,811],{"class":81},[63,21423,117],{"class":116},[63,21425,816],{"class":120},[63,21427,117],{"class":116},[63,21429,821],{"class":81},[63,21431,824],{"class":116},[63,21433,827],{"class":120},[63,21435,117],{"class":116},[63,21437,89],{"class":81},[63,21439,824],{"class":116},[63,21441,21336],{"class":120},[63,21443,117],{"class":116},[63,21445,821],{"class":81},[63,21447,4187],{"class":1205},[63,21449,846],{"class":81},[63,21451,21452],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21453,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21455,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21469,21471,21473],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21457,140],{"class":139},[63,21459,113],{"class":81},[63,21461,117],{"class":116},[63,21463,21336],{"class":120},[63,21465,117],{"class":116},[63,21467,21468],{"class":1155}," in",[63,21470,14862],{"class":145},[63,21472,3997],{"class":81},[63,21474,4000],{"class":1910},[63,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21478,140],{"class":139},[63,21480,113],{"class":81},[63,21482,117],{"class":116},[63,21484,10715],{"class":120},[63,21486,117],{"class":116},[63,21488,21468],{"class":1155},[63,21490,14862],{"class":145},[63,21492,3997],{"class":81},[63,21494,21495],{"class":1910},"      # False\n",[14,21497,21498,21499,259],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[196,21500,21501],{"href":17450},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[49,21503,3167],{"id":3166},[14,21505,21506,21507,821],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,21508,11045],{},[29,21510,21511,21516,21523,21528],{},[32,21512,21513,21514],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,21515,19983],{},[32,21517,5035,21518,2732,21520,21522],{},[18,21519,11045],{},[18,21521,4115],{}," if no default is provided",[32,21524,4909,21525,21527],{},[18,21526,11045],{}," creates a key automatically",[32,21529,21530],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21532,21533],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[54,21535,21537],{"className":56,"code":21536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,21538,21539,21549,21563,21581,21603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21540,21541,21543,21545,21547],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21542,140],{"class":139},[63,21544,113],{"class":81},[63,21546,11757],{"class":145},[63,21548,126],{"class":81},[63,21550,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21552,140],{"class":139},[63,21554,113],{"class":81},[63,21556,11757],{"class":145},[63,21558,259],{"class":81},[63,21560,17221],{"class":145},[63,21562,7515],{"class":81},[63,21564,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21566,140],{"class":139},[63,21568,113],{"class":81},[63,21570,193],{"class":116},[63,21572,816],{"class":120},[63,21574,193],{"class":116},[63,21576,21468],{"class":1155},[63,21578,12075],{"class":145},[63,21580,126],{"class":81},[63,21582,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21584,140],{"class":139},[63,21586,113],{"class":81},[63,21588,11757],{"class":145},[63,21590,259],{"class":81},[63,21592,20046],{"class":145},[63,21594,113],{"class":81},[63,21596,193],{"class":116},[63,21598,816],{"class":120},[63,21600,193],{"class":116},[63,21602,100],{"class":81},[63,21604,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,21606,140],{"class":139},[63,21608,113],{"class":81},[63,21610,3557],{"class":77},[63,21612,113],{"class":81},[63,21614,11757],{"class":145},[63,21616,259],{"class":81},[63,21618,20046],{"class":145},[63,21620,113],{"class":81},[63,21622,193],{"class":116},[63,21624,816],{"class":120},[63,21626,193],{"class":116},[63,21628,1965],{"class":81},[14,21630,21631],{},"What these checks tell you:",[29,21633,21634,21639,21645,21651,21657],{},[32,21635,21636,21638],{},[18,21637,12986],{}," shows the full dictionary",[32,21640,21641,21644],{},[18,21642,21643],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[32,21646,21647,21650],{},[18,21648,21649],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[32,21652,21653,21656],{},[18,21654,21655],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[32,21658,21659,21662],{},[18,21660,21661],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21664,21665,21666,4726,21671,21675],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[196,21667,21668,21669,11046],{"href":17359},"the dictionary ",[18,21670,17362],{},[196,21672,21668,21673,11046],{"href":17372},[18,21674,17375],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[49,21677,2165],{"id":2164},[486,21679,13011,21681,21683,21684,2827],{"id":21680},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,21682,11045],{}," raise ",[18,21685,19983],{},[14,21687,21688,21689,21691],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,21690,4115],{}," or the default value you provide.",[486,21693,13011,21695,21697],{"id":21694},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,21696,11045],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21699,21700],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[486,21702,21704,21705,2827],{"id":21703},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,21706,11045],{},[14,21708,21709,21711],{},[18,21710,4115],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[486,21713,21715,21716,21718],{"id":21714},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,21717,11045],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21720,222,21721,21723],{},[18,21722,11045],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[49,21725,2219],{"id":2218},[29,21727,21728,21732,21738,21744,21748,21753],{},[32,21729,21730],{},[196,21731,9472],{"href":9471},[32,21733,21734],{},[196,21735,11042,21736,11046],{"href":17359},[18,21737,17362],{},[32,21739,21740],{},[196,21741,11042,21742,11046],{"href":17372},[18,21743,17375],{},[32,21745,21746],{},[196,21747,17451],{"href":17450},[32,21749,21750],{},[196,21751,21752],{"href":16894},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[32,21754,21755],{},[196,21756,11569],{"href":11380},[2259,21758,21759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21770,21771],{"id":20682,"depth":129,"text":20683},{"id":20046,"depth":129,"text":11045},{"id":20881,"depth":103,"text":20882},{"id":21094,"depth":103,"text":21095,"children":21774},[21775,21777,21779],{"id":21103,"depth":129,"text":21776},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21189,"depth":129,"text":21778},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21279,"depth":129,"text":21780},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":21783},[21784,21786,21788,21790],{"id":21680,"depth":129,"text":21785},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21694,"depth":129,"text":21787},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21703,"depth":129,"text":21789},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21714,"depth":129,"text":21791},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19964,"description":21793},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21800,"title":21801,"body":21802,"description":24356,"extension":2300,"meta":24357,"navigation":132,"path":24358,"seo":24359,"stem":24360,"__hash__":24361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21803,"toc":24322},[21804,21809,21815,21821,21823,21905,21909,21926,21931,21936,21941,21943,21957,21959,22022,22026,22065,22073,22075,22077,22092,22095,22108,22110,22189,22193,22259,22261,22265,22273,22275,22286,22288,22398,22402,22481,22487,22493,22498,22610,22614,22646,22649,22756,22762,22769,22773,22776,22878,22882,22943,22946,22949,22960,22969,22972,22989,22991,23090,23094,23169,23172,23195,23200,23205,23222,23224,23345,23349,23383,23385,23390,23397,23407,23409,23487,23490,23561,23571,23574,23606,23609,23648,23654,23661,23664,23755,23759,23840,23846,23849,23852,23957,23960,23963,24085,24089,24092,24159,24163,24200,24206,24208,24214,24219,24225,24232,24238,24241,24280,24286,24289,24291,24319],[10,21805,11625,21807,11629],{"id":21806},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21808,17375],{},[14,21810,2317,21811,21814],{},[18,21812,21813],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21816,21817,21818,21820],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21819,17375],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[49,21822,52],{"id":51},[54,21824,21826],{"className":56,"code":21825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21827,21828,21864,21868,21891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21829,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21831,806],{"class":69},[63,21833,74],{"class":73},[63,21835,811],{"class":81},[63,21837,117],{"class":116},[63,21839,816],{"class":120},[63,21841,117],{"class":116},[63,21843,821],{"class":81},[63,21845,824],{"class":116},[63,21847,827],{"class":120},[63,21849,117],{"class":116},[63,21851,89],{"class":81},[63,21853,824],{"class":116},[63,21855,836],{"class":120},[63,21857,117],{"class":116},[63,21859,821],{"class":81},[63,21861,843],{"class":85},[63,21863,846],{"class":81},[63,21865,21866],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21867,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,21869,21870,21872,21875,21877,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,21871,6277],{"class":1155},[63,21873,21874],{"class":69}," key",[63,21876,89],{"class":81},[63,21878,21879],{"class":69}," value ",[63,21881,4217],{"class":1155},[63,21883,13552],{"class":69},[63,21885,259],{"class":81},[63,21887,357],{"class":145},[63,21889,21890],{"class":81},"():\n",[63,21892,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,21894,8386],{"class":139},[63,21896,113],{"class":81},[63,21898,15137],{"class":145},[63,21900,89],{"class":81},[63,21902,8749],{"class":145},[63,21904,126],{"class":81},[14,21906,21907],{},[1217,21908,163],{},[54,21910,21912],{"className":56,"code":21911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21913,21914,21919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21915,21916],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21917,21918],{"class":69},"name Ana\n",[63,21920,21921,21924],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,21922,21923],{"class":69},"age ",[63,21925,3045],{"class":85},[14,21927,222,21928,21930],{},[18,21929,17375],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[49,21932,4014,21934,4017],{"id":21933},"what-items-does",[18,21935,17375],{},[14,21937,21938,21940],{},[18,21939,17375],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21942,11766],{},[29,21944,21945,21951,21954],{},[32,21946,21947,21948],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21949,21950],{},"(key, value)",[32,21952,21953],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[32,21955,21956],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21958,2543],{},[54,21960,21962],{"className":56,"code":21961,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21963,21964,22000,22004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,21965,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,21967,806],{"class":69},[63,21969,74],{"class":73},[63,21971,811],{"class":81},[63,21973,117],{"class":116},[63,21975,816],{"class":120},[63,21977,117],{"class":116},[63,21979,821],{"class":81},[63,21981,824],{"class":116},[63,21983,827],{"class":120},[63,21985,117],{"class":116},[63,21987,89],{"class":81},[63,21989,824],{"class":116},[63,21991,836],{"class":120},[63,21993,117],{"class":116},[63,21995,821],{"class":81},[63,21997,843],{"class":85},[63,21999,846],{"class":81},[63,22001,22002],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22003,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22005,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22007,140],{"class":139},[63,22009,113],{"class":81},[63,22011,276],{"class":77},[63,22013,113],{"class":81},[63,22015,860],{"class":145},[63,22017,259],{"class":81},[63,22019,357],{"class":145},[63,22021,1561],{"class":81},[14,22023,22024],{},[1217,22025,163],{},[54,22027,22029],{"className":56,"code":22028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22030,22031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22032,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22034,1667],{"class":81},[63,22036,193],{"class":116},[63,22038,816],{"class":120},[63,22040,193],{"class":116},[63,22042,89],{"class":81},[63,22044,203],{"class":116},[63,22046,827],{"class":120},[63,22048,193],{"class":116},[63,22050,1684],{"class":81},[63,22052,1687],{"class":81},[63,22054,193],{"class":116},[63,22056,836],{"class":120},[63,22058,193],{"class":116},[63,22060,89],{"class":81},[63,22062,843],{"class":85},[63,22064,1704],{"class":81},[14,22066,22067,22068,1725,22070,259],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[196,22069,9472],{"href":13328},[196,22071,15321],{"href":22072},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[49,22074,263],{"id":262},[14,22076,5756],{},[54,22078,22080],{"className":56,"code":22079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,22081,22082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22083,22084,22086,22088,22090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22085,11757],{"class":69},[63,22087,259],{"class":81},[63,22089,357],{"class":145},[63,22091,279],{"class":81},[14,22093,22094],{},"Things to remember:",[29,22096,22097,22102,22105],{},[32,22098,22099,22101],{},[18,22100,17375],{}," does not take any arguments",[32,22103,22104],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[32,22106,22107],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22109,2543],{},[54,22111,22113],{"className":56,"code":22112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,22114,22115,22147,22151,22165,22169,22179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22116,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22118,1781],{"class":69},[63,22120,74],{"class":73},[63,22122,811],{"class":81},[63,22124,117],{"class":116},[63,22126,5334],{"class":120},[63,22128,117],{"class":116},[63,22130,821],{"class":81},[63,22132,1858],{"class":85},[63,22134,89],{"class":81},[63,22136,824],{"class":116},[63,22138,5343],{"class":120},[63,22140,117],{"class":116},[63,22142,821],{"class":81},[63,22144,1793],{"class":85},[63,22146,846],{"class":81},[63,22148,22149],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22150,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22152,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22154,851],{"class":69},[63,22156,74],{"class":73},[63,22158,1823],{"class":69},[63,22160,259],{"class":81},[63,22162,357],{"class":145},[63,22164,279],{"class":81},[63,22166,22167],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,22168,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22170,22171,22173,22175,22177],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,22172,140],{"class":139},[63,22174,113],{"class":81},[63,22176,875],{"class":145},[63,22178,126],{"class":81},[63,22180,22181,22183,22185,22187],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,22182,140],{"class":139},[63,22184,113],{"class":81},[63,22186,16686],{"class":145},[63,22188,126],{"class":81},[14,22190,22191],{},[1217,22192,163],{},[54,22194,22196],{"className":56,"code":22195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,22197,22198,22231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22199,22200,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22201,22202],{"class":145},"dict_items",[63,22204,9965],{"class":81},[63,22206,193],{"class":116},[63,22208,5334],{"class":120},[63,22210,193],{"class":116},[63,22212,89],{"class":81},[63,22214,1858],{"class":85},[63,22216,1684],{"class":81},[63,22218,1687],{"class":81},[63,22220,193],{"class":116},[63,22222,5343],{"class":120},[63,22224,193],{"class":116},[63,22226,89],{"class":81},[63,22228,1793],{"class":85},[63,22230,10984],{"class":81},[63,22232,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22234,9588],{"class":81},[63,22236,193],{"class":116},[63,22238,5334],{"class":120},[63,22240,193],{"class":116},[63,22242,821],{"class":81},[63,22244,1858],{"class":85},[63,22246,89],{"class":81},[63,22248,203],{"class":116},[63,22250,5343],{"class":120},[63,22252,193],{"class":116},[63,22254,821],{"class":81},[63,22256,1793],{"class":85},[63,22258,846],{"class":81},[14,22260,21186],{},[49,22262,22264],{"id":22263},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22266,22267,22269,22270,22272],{},[18,22268,17375],{}," returns a ",[18,22271,22202],{}," view object.",[14,22274,2444],{},[29,22276,22277,22280,22283],{},[32,22278,22279],{},"You can loop over it",[32,22281,22282],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[32,22284,22285],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22287,2543],{},[54,22289,22291],{"className":56,"code":22290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,22292,22293,22325,22339,22343,22357,22361,22380,22384],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22294,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22296,2097],{"class":69},[63,22298,74],{"class":73},[63,22300,811],{"class":81},[63,22302,117],{"class":116},[63,22304,2509],{"class":120},[63,22306,117],{"class":116},[63,22308,821],{"class":81},[63,22310,692],{"class":85},[63,22312,89],{"class":81},[63,22314,824],{"class":116},[63,22316,12054],{"class":120},[63,22318,117],{"class":116},[63,22320,821],{"class":81},[63,22322,92],{"class":85},[63,22324,846],{"class":81},[63,22326,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22328,1804],{"class":69},[63,22330,74],{"class":73},[63,22332,14862],{"class":69},[63,22334,259],{"class":81},[63,22336,357],{"class":145},[63,22338,279],{"class":81},[63,22340,22341],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22342,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22344,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,22346,140],{"class":139},[63,22348,113],{"class":81},[63,22350,276],{"class":77},[63,22352,113],{"class":81},[63,22354,1834],{"class":145},[63,22356,100],{"class":81},[63,22358,22359],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,22360,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22362,22363,22365,22367,22369,22372,22374,22376,22378],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,22364,2138],{"class":69},[63,22366,173],{"class":81},[63,22368,117],{"class":116},[63,22370,22371],{"class":120},"z",[63,22373,117],{"class":116},[63,22375,13578],{"class":81},[63,22377,13581],{"class":73},[63,22379,2913],{"class":85},[63,22381,22382],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,22383,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22385,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,22387,140],{"class":139},[63,22389,113],{"class":81},[63,22391,276],{"class":77},[63,22393,113],{"class":81},[63,22395,1834],{"class":145},[63,22397,100],{"class":81},[14,22399,22400],{},[1217,22401,163],{},[54,22403,22405],{"className":56,"code":22404,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,22406,22407,22437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22408,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22410,1667],{"class":81},[63,22412,193],{"class":116},[63,22414,2509],{"class":120},[63,22416,193],{"class":116},[63,22418,89],{"class":81},[63,22420,692],{"class":85},[63,22422,1684],{"class":81},[63,22424,1687],{"class":81},[63,22426,193],{"class":116},[63,22428,12054],{"class":120},[63,22430,193],{"class":116},[63,22432,89],{"class":81},[63,22434,92],{"class":85},[63,22436,1704],{"class":81},[63,22438,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22440,1667],{"class":81},[63,22442,193],{"class":116},[63,22444,2509],{"class":120},[63,22446,193],{"class":116},[63,22448,89],{"class":81},[63,22450,692],{"class":85},[63,22452,1684],{"class":81},[63,22454,1687],{"class":81},[63,22456,193],{"class":116},[63,22458,12054],{"class":120},[63,22460,193],{"class":116},[63,22462,89],{"class":81},[63,22464,92],{"class":85},[63,22466,1684],{"class":81},[63,22468,1687],{"class":81},[63,22470,193],{"class":116},[63,22472,22371],{"class":120},[63,22474,193],{"class":116},[63,22476,89],{"class":81},[63,22478,97],{"class":85},[63,22480,1704],{"class":81},[14,22482,22483,22484,22486],{},"This happens because ",[18,22485,1834],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[49,22488,22490,22491],{"id":22489},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,22492,17375],{},[14,22494,22495,22496,821],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,22497,17375],{},[54,22499,22501],{"className":56,"code":22500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,22502,22503,22555,22559,22579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22504,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22506,1412],{"class":69},[63,22508,74],{"class":73},[63,22510,811],{"class":81},[63,22512,117],{"class":116},[63,22514,816],{"class":120},[63,22516,117],{"class":116},[63,22518,821],{"class":81},[63,22520,824],{"class":116},[63,22522,1429],{"class":120},[63,22524,117],{"class":116},[63,22526,89],{"class":81},[63,22528,824],{"class":116},[63,22530,1438],{"class":120},[63,22532,117],{"class":116},[63,22534,821],{"class":81},[63,22536,824],{"class":116},[63,22538,1447],{"class":120},[63,22540,117],{"class":116},[63,22542,89],{"class":81},[63,22544,824],{"class":116},[63,22546,836],{"class":120},[63,22548,117],{"class":116},[63,22550,821],{"class":81},[63,22552,14156],{"class":85},[63,22554,846],{"class":81},[63,22556,22557],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22558,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22560,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22562,6277],{"class":1155},[63,22564,21874],{"class":69},[63,22566,89],{"class":81},[63,22568,21879],{"class":69},[63,22570,4217],{"class":1155},[63,22572,13211],{"class":69},[63,22574,259],{"class":81},[63,22576,357],{"class":145},[63,22578,21890],{"class":81},[63,22580,22581,22583,22585,22588,22590,22592,22594,22597,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,22582,8386],{"class":139},[63,22584,113],{"class":81},[63,22586,22587],{"class":2402},"f",[63,22589,117],{"class":120},[63,22591,9588],{"class":85},[63,22593,15137],{"class":145},[63,22595,22596],{"class":85},"}",[63,22598,22599],{"class":120},": ",[63,22601,9588],{"class":85},[63,22603,2807],{"class":145},[63,22605,22596],{"class":85},[63,22607,117],{"class":120},[63,22609,126],{"class":81},[14,22611,22612],{},[1217,22613,163],{},[54,22615,22617],{"className":56,"code":22616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,22618,22619,22628,22637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22620,22621,22623,22625],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22622,816],{"class":69},[63,22624,821],{"class":81},[63,22626,22627],{"class":69}," Mia\n",[63,22629,22630,22632,22634],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22631,1438],{"class":69},[63,22633,821],{"class":81},[63,22635,22636],{"class":69}," A\n",[63,22638,22639,22641,22643],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22640,836],{"class":69},[63,22642,821],{"class":81},[63,22644,22645],{"class":85}," 14\n",[14,22647,22648],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[54,22650,22652],{"className":56,"code":22651,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,22653,22654,22706,22710,22722],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22655,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22657,1412],{"class":69},[63,22659,74],{"class":73},[63,22661,811],{"class":81},[63,22663,117],{"class":116},[63,22665,816],{"class":120},[63,22667,117],{"class":116},[63,22669,821],{"class":81},[63,22671,824],{"class":116},[63,22673,1429],{"class":120},[63,22675,117],{"class":116},[63,22677,89],{"class":81},[63,22679,824],{"class":116},[63,22681,1438],{"class":120},[63,22683,117],{"class":116},[63,22685,821],{"class":81},[63,22687,824],{"class":116},[63,22689,1447],{"class":120},[63,22691,117],{"class":116},[63,22693,89],{"class":81},[63,22695,824],{"class":116},[63,22697,836],{"class":120},[63,22699,117],{"class":116},[63,22701,821],{"class":81},[63,22703,14156],{"class":85},[63,22705,846],{"class":81},[63,22707,22708],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22709,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22711,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22713,6277],{"class":1155},[63,22715,18505],{"class":69},[63,22717,4217],{"class":1155},[63,22719,13211],{"class":69},[63,22721,6713],{"class":81},[63,22723,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,22725,8386],{"class":139},[63,22727,113],{"class":81},[63,22729,22587],{"class":2402},[63,22731,117],{"class":120},[63,22733,9588],{"class":85},[63,22735,15137],{"class":145},[63,22737,22596],{"class":85},[63,22739,22599],{"class":120},[63,22741,9588],{"class":85},[63,22743,1464],{"class":145},[63,22745,173],{"class":81},[63,22747,15137],{"class":145},[63,22749,13578],{"class":81},[63,22751,22596],{"class":85},[63,22753,117],{"class":120},[63,22755,126],{"class":81},[14,22757,6830,22758,22761],{},[18,22759,22760],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22763,22764,22765,259],{},"For a full guide, see ",[196,22766,22768],{"href":22767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[49,22770,22772],{"id":22771},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22774,22775],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[54,22777,22779],{"className":56,"code":22778,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,22780,22781,22840,22844,22863,22867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22782,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22818,22820,22822,22824,22827,22829,22831,22833,22836,22838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22784,13381],{"class":69},[63,22786,74],{"class":73},[63,22788,811],{"class":81},[63,22790,117],{"class":116},[63,22792,408],{"class":120},[63,22794,117],{"class":116},[63,22796,821],{"class":81},[63,22798,824],{"class":116},[63,22800,13398],{"class":120},[63,22802,117],{"class":116},[63,22804,89],{"class":81},[63,22806,824],{"class":116},[63,22808,427],{"class":120},[63,22810,117],{"class":116},[63,22812,821],{"class":81},[63,22814,824],{"class":116},[63,22816,22817],{"class":120},"yellow",[63,22819,117],{"class":116},[63,22821,89],{"class":81},[63,22823,824],{"class":116},[63,22825,22826],{"class":120},"grape",[63,22828,117],{"class":116},[63,22830,821],{"class":81},[63,22832,824],{"class":116},[63,22834,22835],{"class":120},"purple",[63,22837,117],{"class":116},[63,22839,846],{"class":81},[63,22841,22842],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,22843,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22845,22846,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,22847,22848],{"class":69},"pairs_list ",[63,22850,74],{"class":73},[63,22852,78],{"class":77},[63,22854,113],{"class":81},[63,22856,17799],{"class":145},[63,22858,259],{"class":81},[63,22860,357],{"class":145},[63,22862,7515],{"class":81},[63,22864,22865],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,22866,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,22868,22869,22871,22873,22876],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,22870,140],{"class":139},[63,22872,113],{"class":81},[63,22874,22875],{"class":145},"pairs_list",[63,22877,126],{"class":81},[14,22879,22880],{},[1217,22881,163],{},[54,22883,22885],{"className":56,"code":22884,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22886,22887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22888,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22890,1667],{"class":81},[63,22892,193],{"class":116},[63,22894,408],{"class":120},[63,22896,193],{"class":116},[63,22898,89],{"class":81},[63,22900,203],{"class":116},[63,22902,13398],{"class":120},[63,22904,193],{"class":116},[63,22906,1684],{"class":81},[63,22908,1687],{"class":81},[63,22910,193],{"class":116},[63,22912,427],{"class":120},[63,22914,193],{"class":116},[63,22916,89],{"class":81},[63,22918,203],{"class":116},[63,22920,22817],{"class":120},[63,22922,193],{"class":116},[63,22924,1684],{"class":81},[63,22926,1687],{"class":81},[63,22928,193],{"class":116},[63,22930,22826],{"class":120},[63,22932,193],{"class":116},[63,22934,89],{"class":81},[63,22936,203],{"class":116},[63,22938,22835],{"class":120},[63,22940,193],{"class":116},[63,22942,1704],{"class":81},[14,22944,22945],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22947,22948],{},"Use this when:",[29,22950,22951,22954,22957],{},[32,22952,22953],{},"You want clearer printed output",[32,22955,22956],{},"You need list behavior",[32,22958,22959],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[49,22961,22963,10891,22965,10891,22967],{"id":22962},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22964,17375],{},[18,22966,17362],{},[18,22968,17368],{},[14,22970,22971],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[29,22973,22974,22979,22984],{},[32,22975,22976,22978],{},[18,22977,17375],{}," gives both key and value",[32,22980,22981,22983],{},[18,22982,17362],{}," gives only keys",[32,22985,22986,22988],{},[18,22987,17368],{}," gives only values",[14,22990,2543],{},[54,22992,22994],{"className":56,"code":22993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22995,22996,23032,23036,23054,23072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,22997,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,22999,806],{"class":69},[63,23001,74],{"class":73},[63,23003,811],{"class":81},[63,23005,117],{"class":116},[63,23007,816],{"class":120},[63,23009,117],{"class":116},[63,23011,821],{"class":81},[63,23013,824],{"class":116},[63,23015,827],{"class":120},[63,23017,117],{"class":116},[63,23019,89],{"class":81},[63,23021,824],{"class":116},[63,23023,836],{"class":120},[63,23025,117],{"class":116},[63,23027,821],{"class":81},[63,23029,843],{"class":85},[63,23031,846],{"class":81},[63,23033,23034],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23035,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23037,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23039,140],{"class":139},[63,23041,113],{"class":81},[63,23043,276],{"class":77},[63,23045,113],{"class":81},[63,23047,860],{"class":145},[63,23049,259],{"class":81},[63,23051,17221],{"class":145},[63,23053,1561],{"class":81},[63,23055,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23057,140],{"class":139},[63,23059,113],{"class":81},[63,23061,276],{"class":77},[63,23063,113],{"class":81},[63,23065,860],{"class":145},[63,23067,259],{"class":81},[63,23069,763],{"class":145},[63,23071,1561],{"class":81},[63,23073,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,23075,140],{"class":139},[63,23077,113],{"class":81},[63,23079,276],{"class":77},[63,23081,113],{"class":81},[63,23083,860],{"class":145},[63,23085,259],{"class":81},[63,23087,357],{"class":145},[63,23089,1561],{"class":81},[14,23091,23092],{},[1217,23093,163],{},[54,23095,23097],{"className":56,"code":23096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,23098,23099,23119,23135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23100,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23102,173],{"class":81},[63,23104,193],{"class":116},[63,23106,816],{"class":120},[63,23108,193],{"class":116},[63,23110,89],{"class":81},[63,23112,203],{"class":116},[63,23114,836],{"class":120},[63,23116,193],{"class":116},[63,23118,186],{"class":81},[63,23120,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23122,173],{"class":81},[63,23124,193],{"class":116},[63,23126,827],{"class":120},[63,23128,193],{"class":116},[63,23130,89],{"class":81},[63,23132,843],{"class":85},[63,23134,186],{"class":81},[63,23136,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23138,1667],{"class":81},[63,23140,193],{"class":116},[63,23142,816],{"class":120},[63,23144,193],{"class":116},[63,23146,89],{"class":81},[63,23148,203],{"class":116},[63,23150,827],{"class":120},[63,23152,193],{"class":116},[63,23154,1684],{"class":81},[63,23156,1687],{"class":81},[63,23158,193],{"class":116},[63,23160,836],{"class":120},[63,23162,193],{"class":116},[63,23164,89],{"class":81},[63,23166,843],{"class":85},[63,23168,1704],{"class":81},[14,23170,23171],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[29,23173,23174,23182,23190],{},[32,23175,23176,23177],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[196,23178,23180],{"href":23179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23181,17362],{},[32,23183,23184,23185],{},"Need just values? Use ",[196,23186,23188],{"href":23187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,23189,17368],{},[32,23191,23192,23193],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,23194,17375],{},[49,23196,5292,23198],{"id":23197},"when-to-use-items",[18,23199,17375],{},[14,23201,23202,23204],{},[18,23203,17375],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[29,23206,23207,23210,23213,23216,23219],{},[32,23208,23209],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[32,23211,23212],{},"Building formatted output",[32,23214,23215],{},"Looping through settings and values",[32,23217,23218],{},"Showing names with scores",[32,23220,23221],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23223,2543],{},[54,23225,23227],{"className":56,"code":23226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,23228,23229,23237,23255,23274,23286,23290,23294,23315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23230,23231,23233,23235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23232,14124],{"class":69},[63,23234,74],{"class":73},[63,23236,11801],{"class":81},[63,23238,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23240,11806],{"class":116},[63,23242,12801],{"class":120},[63,23244,117],{"class":116},[63,23246,821],{"class":81},[63,23248,824],{"class":116},[63,23250,12810],{"class":120},[63,23252,117],{"class":116},[63,23254,11822],{"class":81},[63,23256,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23267,23270,23272],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23258,11806],{"class":116},[63,23260,20417],{"class":120},[63,23262,117],{"class":116},[63,23264,821],{"class":81},[63,23266,824],{"class":116},[63,23268,23269],{"class":120},"English",[63,23271,117],{"class":116},[63,23273,11822],{"class":81},[63,23275,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23277,11806],{"class":116},[63,23279,18821],{"class":120},[63,23281,117],{"class":116},[63,23283,821],{"class":81},[63,23285,6742],{"class":1205},[63,23287,23288],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,23289,846],{"class":81},[63,23291,23292],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,23293,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23295,23296,23298,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,23297,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23299,23300],{"class":69}," setting",[63,23302,89],{"class":81},[63,23304,21879],{"class":69},[63,23306,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23308,14168],{"class":69},[63,23310,259],{"class":81},[63,23312,357],{"class":145},[63,23314,21890],{"class":81},[63,23316,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23330,23332,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,23318,8386],{"class":139},[63,23320,113],{"class":81},[63,23322,22587],{"class":2402},[63,23324,117],{"class":120},[63,23326,9588],{"class":85},[63,23328,23329],{"class":145},"setting",[63,23331,22596],{"class":85},[63,23333,23334],{"class":120}," = ",[63,23336,9588],{"class":85},[63,23338,2807],{"class":145},[63,23340,22596],{"class":85},[63,23342,117],{"class":120},[63,23344,126],{"class":81},[14,23346,23347],{},[1217,23348,163],{},[54,23350,23352],{"className":56,"code":23351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,23353,23354,23364,23374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23355,23356,23359,23361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23357,23358],{"class":69},"theme ",[63,23360,74],{"class":73},[63,23362,23363],{"class":69}," dark\n",[63,23365,23366,23369,23371],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23367,23368],{"class":69},"language ",[63,23370,74],{"class":73},[63,23372,23373],{"class":69}," English\n",[63,23375,23376,23379,23381],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23377,23378],{"class":69},"notifications ",[63,23380,74],{"class":73},[63,23382,6742],{"class":1205},[49,23384,3167],{"id":3166},[14,23386,23387,23388,259],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,23389,17375],{},[486,23391,23393,23394,23396],{"id":23392},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,23395,17375],{}," incorrectly",[14,23398,23399,23400,23402,23403,23406],{},"Each result from ",[18,23401,17375],{}," has ",[1217,23404,23405],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23408,7008],{},[54,23410,23411],{"className":56,"code":21825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,23412,23413,23449,23453,23473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23414,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23416,806],{"class":69},[63,23418,74],{"class":73},[63,23420,811],{"class":81},[63,23422,117],{"class":116},[63,23424,816],{"class":120},[63,23426,117],{"class":116},[63,23428,821],{"class":81},[63,23430,824],{"class":116},[63,23432,827],{"class":120},[63,23434,117],{"class":116},[63,23436,89],{"class":81},[63,23438,824],{"class":116},[63,23440,836],{"class":120},[63,23442,117],{"class":116},[63,23444,821],{"class":81},[63,23446,843],{"class":85},[63,23448,846],{"class":81},[63,23450,23451],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23452,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23454,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23456,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23458,21874],{"class":69},[63,23460,89],{"class":81},[63,23462,21879],{"class":69},[63,23464,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23466,13552],{"class":69},[63,23468,259],{"class":81},[63,23470,357],{"class":145},[63,23472,21890],{"class":81},[63,23474,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23476,8386],{"class":139},[63,23478,113],{"class":81},[63,23480,15137],{"class":145},[63,23482,89],{"class":81},[63,23484,8749],{"class":145},[63,23486,126],{"class":81},[14,23488,23489],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[54,23491,23493],{"className":56,"code":23492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,23494,23495,23531,23535,23551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23498,806],{"class":69},[63,23500,74],{"class":73},[63,23502,811],{"class":81},[63,23504,117],{"class":116},[63,23506,816],{"class":120},[63,23508,117],{"class":116},[63,23510,821],{"class":81},[63,23512,824],{"class":116},[63,23514,827],{"class":120},[63,23516,117],{"class":116},[63,23518,89],{"class":81},[63,23520,824],{"class":116},[63,23522,836],{"class":120},[63,23524,117],{"class":116},[63,23526,821],{"class":81},[63,23528,843],{"class":85},[63,23530,846],{"class":81},[63,23532,23533],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23534,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23536,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23538,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23540,18505],{"class":69},[63,23542,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23544,13552],{"class":69},[63,23546,259],{"class":81},[63,23548,357],{"class":145},[63,23550,21890],{"class":81},[63,23552,23553,23555,23557,23559],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23554,8386],{"class":139},[63,23556,113],{"class":81},[63,23558,15137],{"class":145},[63,23560,126],{"class":81},[14,23562,23563,23564,23566,23567,23570],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,23565,15137],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,23568,23569],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23572,23573],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[54,23575,23577],{"className":56,"code":23576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23578,23579,23595],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23580,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23582,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23584,6280],{"class":69},[63,23586,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23588,13552],{"class":69},[63,23590,259],{"class":81},[63,23592,357],{"class":145},[63,23594,21890],{"class":81},[63,23596,23597,23599,23601,23604],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23598,8386],{"class":139},[63,23600,113],{"class":81},[63,23602,23603],{"class":145},"item",[63,23605,126],{"class":81},[14,23607,23608],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[54,23610,23612],{"className":56,"code":23611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23613,23614,23634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23615,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23617,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23619,21874],{"class":69},[63,23621,89],{"class":81},[63,23623,21879],{"class":69},[63,23625,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23627,13552],{"class":69},[63,23629,259],{"class":81},[63,23631,357],{"class":145},[63,23633,21890],{"class":81},[63,23635,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23637,8386],{"class":139},[63,23639,113],{"class":81},[63,23641,15137],{"class":145},[63,23643,89],{"class":81},[63,23645,8749],{"class":145},[63,23647,126],{"class":81},[486,23649,8769,23651,23653],{"id":23650},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,23652,17375],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23655,23656,22269,23658,23660],{},[18,23657,17375],{},[18,23659,22202],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23662,23663],{},"Check it:",[54,23665,23667],{"className":56,"code":23666,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,23668,23669,23701,23705,23719,23737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23672,12033],{"class":69},[63,23674,74],{"class":73},[63,23676,811],{"class":81},[63,23678,117],{"class":116},[63,23680,196],{"class":120},[63,23682,117],{"class":116},[63,23684,821],{"class":81},[63,23686,692],{"class":85},[63,23688,89],{"class":81},[63,23690,824],{"class":116},[63,23692,206],{"class":120},[63,23694,117],{"class":116},[63,23696,821],{"class":81},[63,23698,92],{"class":85},[63,23700,846],{"class":81},[63,23702,23703],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23704,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23706,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23708,140],{"class":139},[63,23710,113],{"class":81},[63,23712,11757],{"class":145},[63,23714,259],{"class":81},[63,23716,357],{"class":145},[63,23718,7515],{"class":81},[63,23720,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23722,140],{"class":139},[63,23724,113],{"class":81},[63,23726,3557],{"class":77},[63,23728,113],{"class":81},[63,23730,11757],{"class":145},[63,23732,259],{"class":81},[63,23734,357],{"class":145},[63,23736,1561],{"class":81},[63,23738,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,23740,140],{"class":139},[63,23742,113],{"class":81},[63,23744,276],{"class":77},[63,23746,113],{"class":81},[63,23748,11757],{"class":145},[63,23750,259],{"class":81},[63,23752,357],{"class":145},[63,23754,1561],{"class":81},[14,23756,23757],{},[1217,23758,163],{},[54,23760,23762],{"className":56,"code":23761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,23763,23764,23796,23810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23765,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23767,22202],{"class":145},[63,23769,9965],{"class":81},[63,23771,193],{"class":116},[63,23773,196],{"class":120},[63,23775,193],{"class":116},[63,23777,89],{"class":81},[63,23779,692],{"class":85},[63,23781,1684],{"class":81},[63,23783,1687],{"class":81},[63,23785,193],{"class":116},[63,23787,206],{"class":120},[63,23789,193],{"class":116},[63,23791,89],{"class":81},[63,23793,92],{"class":85},[63,23795,10984],{"class":81},[63,23797,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23799,3626],{"class":73},[63,23801,3629],{"class":2402},[63,23803,203],{"class":116},[63,23805,22202],{"class":120},[63,23807,193],{"class":116},[63,23809,3638],{"class":73},[63,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23813,1667],{"class":81},[63,23815,193],{"class":116},[63,23817,196],{"class":120},[63,23819,193],{"class":116},[63,23821,89],{"class":81},[63,23823,692],{"class":85},[63,23825,1684],{"class":81},[63,23827,1687],{"class":81},[63,23829,193],{"class":116},[63,23831,206],{"class":120},[63,23833,193],{"class":116},[63,23835,89],{"class":81},[63,23837,92],{"class":85},[63,23839,1704],{"class":81},[486,23841,23843,23844],{"id":23842},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23845,17375],{},[14,23847,23848],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23850,23851],{},"Problem example:",[54,23853,23855],{"className":56,"code":23854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23856,23857,23901,23905,23925,23937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23858,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23860,70],{"class":69},[63,23862,74],{"class":73},[63,23864,811],{"class":81},[63,23866,117],{"class":116},[63,23868,196],{"class":120},[63,23870,117],{"class":116},[63,23872,821],{"class":81},[63,23874,692],{"class":85},[63,23876,89],{"class":81},[63,23878,824],{"class":116},[63,23880,206],{"class":120},[63,23882,117],{"class":116},[63,23884,821],{"class":81},[63,23886,92],{"class":85},[63,23888,89],{"class":81},[63,23890,824],{"class":116},[63,23892,215],{"class":120},[63,23894,117],{"class":116},[63,23896,821],{"class":81},[63,23898,97],{"class":85},[63,23900,846],{"class":81},[63,23902,23903],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,23904,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,23906,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,23908,6277],{"class":1155},[63,23910,21874],{"class":69},[63,23912,89],{"class":81},[63,23914,21879],{"class":69},[63,23916,4217],{"class":1155},[63,23918,4595],{"class":69},[63,23920,259],{"class":81},[63,23922,357],{"class":145},[63,23924,21890],{"class":81},[63,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,23928,6718],{"class":1155},[63,23930,21879],{"class":69},[63,23932,5019],{"class":73},[63,23934,92],{"class":85},[63,23936,6713],{"class":81},[63,23938,23939,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,23940,23941],{"class":69},"        numbers",[63,23943,173],{"class":81},[63,23945,117],{"class":116},[63,23947,19063],{"class":120},[63,23949,117],{"class":116},[63,23951,13578],{"class":81},[63,23953,13581],{"class":73},[63,23955,23956],{"class":85}," 4\n",[14,23958,23959],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23961,23962],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[54,23964,23966],{"className":56,"code":23965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23967,23968,24012,24016,24041,24053,24071,24075],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,23969,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,23971,70],{"class":69},[63,23973,74],{"class":73},[63,23975,811],{"class":81},[63,23977,117],{"class":116},[63,23979,196],{"class":120},[63,23981,117],{"class":116},[63,23983,821],{"class":81},[63,23985,692],{"class":85},[63,23987,89],{"class":81},[63,23989,824],{"class":116},[63,23991,206],{"class":120},[63,23993,117],{"class":116},[63,23995,821],{"class":81},[63,23997,92],{"class":85},[63,23999,89],{"class":81},[63,24001,824],{"class":116},[63,24003,215],{"class":120},[63,24005,117],{"class":116},[63,24007,821],{"class":81},[63,24009,97],{"class":85},[63,24011,846],{"class":81},[63,24013,24014],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24015,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24017,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,24019,6277],{"class":1155},[63,24021,21874],{"class":69},[63,24023,89],{"class":81},[63,24025,21879],{"class":69},[63,24027,4217],{"class":1155},[63,24029,78],{"class":77},[63,24031,113],{"class":81},[63,24033,146],{"class":145},[63,24035,259],{"class":81},[63,24037,357],{"class":145},[63,24039,24040],{"class":81},"()):\n",[63,24042,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,24044,6718],{"class":1155},[63,24046,21879],{"class":69},[63,24048,5019],{"class":73},[63,24050,92],{"class":85},[63,24052,6713],{"class":81},[63,24054,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,24056,23941],{"class":69},[63,24058,173],{"class":81},[63,24060,117],{"class":116},[63,24062,19063],{"class":120},[63,24064,117],{"class":116},[63,24066,13578],{"class":81},[63,24068,13581],{"class":73},[63,24070,23956],{"class":85},[63,24072,24073],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,24074,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24076,24077,24079,24081,24083],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,24078,140],{"class":139},[63,24080,113],{"class":81},[63,24082,146],{"class":145},[63,24084,126],{"class":81},[486,24086,24088],{"id":24087},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24090,24091],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[54,24093,24095],{"className":56,"code":24094,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,24096,24097,24129,24133,24149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24098,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24100,2097],{"class":69},[63,24102,74],{"class":73},[63,24104,811],{"class":81},[63,24106,117],{"class":116},[63,24108,2509],{"class":120},[63,24110,117],{"class":116},[63,24112,821],{"class":81},[63,24114,6324],{"class":85},[63,24116,89],{"class":81},[63,24118,824],{"class":116},[63,24120,12054],{"class":120},[63,24122,117],{"class":116},[63,24124,821],{"class":81},[63,24126,746],{"class":85},[63,24128,846],{"class":81},[63,24130,24131],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24132,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24134,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,24136,6277],{"class":1155},[63,24138,6280],{"class":69},[63,24140,4217],{"class":1155},[63,24142,14862],{"class":69},[63,24144,259],{"class":81},[63,24146,357],{"class":145},[63,24148,21890],{"class":81},[63,24150,24151,24153,24155,24157],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,24152,8386],{"class":139},[63,24154,113],{"class":81},[63,24156,23603],{"class":145},[63,24158,126],{"class":81},[14,24160,24161],{},[1217,24162,163],{},[54,24164,24166],{"className":56,"code":24165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,24167,24168,24184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24169,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24171,113],{"class":81},[63,24173,193],{"class":116},[63,24175,2509],{"class":120},[63,24177,193],{"class":116},[63,24179,89],{"class":81},[63,24181,6324],{"class":85},[63,24183,126],{"class":81},[63,24185,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24187,113],{"class":81},[63,24189,193],{"class":116},[63,24191,12054],{"class":120},[63,24193,193],{"class":116},[63,24195,89],{"class":81},[63,24197,746],{"class":85},[63,24199,126],{"class":81},[14,24201,24202,24203,24205],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,24204,21950],{}," pair.",[49,24207,2165],{"id":2164},[486,24209,24211,24212,5472],{"id":24210},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,24213,17375],{},[14,24215,17718,24216,24218],{},[18,24217,22202],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[486,24220,13011,24222,24224],{"id":24221},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,24223,17375],{}," return a list?",[14,24226,24227,24228,24231],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,24229,24230],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[486,24233,24235,24236,2827],{"id":24234},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,24237,17375],{},[14,24239,24240],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[54,24242,24244],{"className":56,"code":24243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,24245,24246,24266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24247,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24249,6277],{"class":1155},[63,24251,21874],{"class":69},[63,24253,89],{"class":81},[63,24255,21879],{"class":69},[63,24257,4217],{"class":1155},[63,24259,12075],{"class":69},[63,24261,259],{"class":81},[63,24263,357],{"class":145},[63,24265,21890],{"class":81},[63,24267,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24269,8386],{"class":139},[63,24271,113],{"class":81},[63,24273,15137],{"class":145},[63,24275,89],{"class":81},[63,24277,8749],{"class":145},[63,24279,126],{"class":81},[486,24281,13011,24283,24285],{"id":24282},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,24284,17375],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24287,24288],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[49,24290,2219],{"id":2218},[29,24292,24293,24299,24305,24310,24314],{},[32,24294,24295],{},[196,24296,11042,24297,11046],{"href":23179},[18,24298,17362],{},[32,24300,24301],{},[196,24302,11042,24303,11046],{"href":23187},[18,24304,17368],{},[32,24306,24307],{},[196,24308,24309],{"href":22767},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,24311,24312],{},[196,24313,9472],{"href":13328},[32,24315,24316],{},[196,24317,24318],{"href":22072},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2259,24320,24321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":24323},[24324,24325,24327,24328,24329,24331,24332,24334,24336,24345,24355],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":21933,"depth":103,"text":24326},"What items() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":22263,"depth":103,"text":22264},{"id":22489,"depth":103,"text":24330},"Looping with items()",{"id":22771,"depth":103,"text":22772},{"id":22962,"depth":103,"text":24333},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23197,"depth":103,"text":24335},"When to use items()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":24337},[24338,24340,24342,24344],{"id":23392,"depth":129,"text":24339},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23650,"depth":129,"text":24341},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23842,"depth":129,"text":24343},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24087,"depth":129,"text":24088},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":24346},[24347,24349,24351,24353],{"id":24210,"depth":129,"text":24348},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24221,"depth":129,"text":24350},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24234,"depth":129,"text":24352},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24282,"depth":129,"text":24354},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21801,"description":24356},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24363,"title":24364,"body":24365,"description":26453,"extension":2300,"meta":26454,"navigation":132,"path":23179,"seo":26455,"stem":26456,"__hash__":26457},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24366,"toc":26419},[24367,24372,24378,24381,24392,24399,24401,24484,24488,24535,24540,24545,24550,24552,24568,24570,24669,24673,24730,24733,24735,24738,24831,24835,24898,24901,24916,24921,24923,24925,24940,24942,24953,24955,24998,25001,25045,25048,25050,25057,25060,25076,25078,25171,25175,25216,25228,25232,25235,25323,25327,25347,25350,25377,25384,25389,25393,25404,25406,25510,25514,25540,25543,25610,25615,25618,25641,25646,25650,25655,25661,25666,25668,25723,25727,25754,25761,25767,25770,25794,25800,25826,25829,25904,25911,25916,25918,25957,25975,25979,25982,26025,26028,26030,26049,26051,26056,26081,26084,26154,26157,26230,26234,26236,26297,26300,26316,26318,26323,26328,26335,26344,26350,26356,26363,26369,26373,26378,26380,26416],[10,24368,11625,24370,11629],{"id":24369},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,24371,17362],{},[14,24373,24374,24375,24377],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,24376,17362],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24379,24380],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[29,24382,24383,24386,24389],{},[32,24384,24385],{},"view the available keys",[32,24387,24388],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[32,24390,24391],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24393,24394,24396,24397,259],{},[18,24395,17362],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,24398,17311],{},[49,24400,52],{"id":51},[54,24402,24404],{"className":56,"code":24403,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,24405,24406,24442,24456,24460,24470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24407,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24409,1412],{"class":69},[63,24411,74],{"class":73},[63,24413,811],{"class":81},[63,24415,117],{"class":116},[63,24417,816],{"class":120},[63,24419,117],{"class":116},[63,24421,821],{"class":81},[63,24423,824],{"class":116},[63,24425,827],{"class":120},[63,24427,117],{"class":116},[63,24429,89],{"class":81},[63,24431,824],{"class":116},[63,24433,836],{"class":120},[63,24435,117],{"class":116},[63,24437,821],{"class":81},[63,24439,746],{"class":85},[63,24441,846],{"class":81},[63,24443,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24445,17539],{"class":69},[63,24447,74],{"class":73},[63,24449,13211],{"class":69},[63,24451,259],{"class":81},[63,24453,17221],{"class":145},[63,24455,279],{"class":81},[63,24457,24458],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,24459,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24461,24462,24464,24466,24468],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,24463,140],{"class":139},[63,24465,113],{"class":81},[63,24467,17221],{"class":145},[63,24469,126],{"class":81},[63,24471,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,24473,140],{"class":139},[63,24475,113],{"class":81},[63,24477,276],{"class":77},[63,24479,113],{"class":81},[63,24481,17221],{"class":145},[63,24483,100],{"class":81},[14,24485,24486],{},[1217,24487,163],{},[54,24489,24491],{"className":56,"code":24490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,24492,24493,24515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24494,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24496,17311],{"class":145},[63,24498,2071],{"class":81},[63,24500,193],{"class":116},[63,24502,816],{"class":120},[63,24504,193],{"class":116},[63,24506,89],{"class":81},[63,24508,203],{"class":116},[63,24510,836],{"class":120},[63,24512,193],{"class":116},[63,24514,2080],{"class":81},[63,24516,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24518,173],{"class":81},[63,24520,193],{"class":116},[63,24522,816],{"class":120},[63,24524,193],{"class":116},[63,24526,89],{"class":81},[63,24528,203],{"class":116},[63,24530,836],{"class":120},[63,24532,193],{"class":116},[63,24534,186],{"class":81},[14,24536,222,24537,24539],{},[18,24538,17362],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[49,24541,4014,24543,4017],{"id":24542},"what-keys-does",[18,24544,17362],{},[14,24546,24547,24549],{},[18,24548,17362],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24551,11766],{},[29,24553,24554,24557,24560,24565],{},[32,24555,24556],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[32,24558,24559],{},"It does not need any arguments",[32,24561,17718,24562,24564],{},[18,24563,17311],{}," view object, not a list",[32,24566,24567],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24569,2543],{},[54,24571,24573],{"className":56,"code":24572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,24574,24575,24611,24615,24629,24633,24655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24576,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24578,806],{"class":69},[63,24580,74],{"class":73},[63,24582,811],{"class":81},[63,24584,117],{"class":116},[63,24586,816],{"class":120},[63,24588,117],{"class":116},[63,24590,821],{"class":81},[63,24592,824],{"class":116},[63,24594,13526],{"class":120},[63,24596,117],{"class":116},[63,24598,89],{"class":81},[63,24600,824],{"class":116},[63,24602,836],{"class":120},[63,24604,117],{"class":116},[63,24606,821],{"class":81},[63,24608,843],{"class":85},[63,24610,846],{"class":81},[63,24612,24613],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24614,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24616,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,24618,140],{"class":139},[63,24620,113],{"class":81},[63,24622,860],{"class":145},[63,24624,259],{"class":81},[63,24626,17221],{"class":145},[63,24628,7515],{"class":81},[63,24630,24631],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,24632,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24634,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,24636,860],{"class":69},[63,24638,173],{"class":81},[63,24640,117],{"class":116},[63,24642,10715],{"class":120},[63,24644,117],{"class":116},[63,24646,13578],{"class":81},[63,24648,13581],{"class":73},[63,24650,824],{"class":116},[63,24652,10722],{"class":120},[63,24654,3694],{"class":116},[63,24656,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,24658,140],{"class":139},[63,24660,113],{"class":81},[63,24662,860],{"class":145},[63,24664,259],{"class":81},[63,24666,17221],{"class":145},[63,24668,7515],{"class":81},[14,24670,24671],{},[1217,24672,163],{},[54,24674,24676],{"className":56,"code":24675,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,24677,24678,24700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24679,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24681,17311],{"class":145},[63,24683,2071],{"class":81},[63,24685,193],{"class":116},[63,24687,816],{"class":120},[63,24689,193],{"class":116},[63,24691,89],{"class":81},[63,24693,203],{"class":116},[63,24695,836],{"class":120},[63,24697,193],{"class":116},[63,24699,2080],{"class":81},[63,24701,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24703,17311],{"class":145},[63,24705,2071],{"class":81},[63,24707,193],{"class":116},[63,24709,816],{"class":120},[63,24711,193],{"class":116},[63,24713,89],{"class":81},[63,24715,203],{"class":116},[63,24717,836],{"class":120},[63,24719,193],{"class":116},[63,24721,89],{"class":81},[63,24723,203],{"class":116},[63,24725,10715],{"class":120},[63,24727,193],{"class":116},[63,24729,2080],{"class":81},[14,24731,24732],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[49,24734,6106],{"id":6105},[14,24736,24737],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[54,24739,24741],{"className":56,"code":24740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,24742,24743,24795,24799,24813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24744,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24746,2097],{"class":69},[63,24748,74],{"class":73},[63,24750,811],{"class":81},[63,24752,117],{"class":116},[63,24754,816],{"class":120},[63,24756,117],{"class":116},[63,24758,821],{"class":81},[63,24760,824],{"class":116},[63,24762,827],{"class":120},[63,24764,117],{"class":116},[63,24766,89],{"class":81},[63,24768,824],{"class":116},[63,24770,836],{"class":120},[63,24772,117],{"class":116},[63,24774,821],{"class":81},[63,24776,746],{"class":85},[63,24778,89],{"class":81},[63,24780,824],{"class":116},[63,24782,1438],{"class":120},[63,24784,117],{"class":116},[63,24786,821],{"class":81},[63,24788,824],{"class":116},[63,24790,1447],{"class":120},[63,24792,117],{"class":116},[63,24794,846],{"class":81},[63,24796,24797],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24798,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,24802,140],{"class":139},[63,24804,113],{"class":81},[63,24806,2138],{"class":145},[63,24808,259],{"class":81},[63,24810,17221],{"class":145},[63,24812,7515],{"class":81},[63,24814,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,24816,140],{"class":139},[63,24818,113],{"class":81},[63,24820,276],{"class":77},[63,24822,113],{"class":81},[63,24824,2138],{"class":145},[63,24826,259],{"class":81},[63,24828,17221],{"class":145},[63,24830,1561],{"class":81},[14,24832,24833],{},[1217,24834,163],{},[54,24836,24838],{"className":56,"code":24837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24839,24840,24870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24841,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24843,17311],{"class":145},[63,24845,2071],{"class":81},[63,24847,193],{"class":116},[63,24849,816],{"class":120},[63,24851,193],{"class":116},[63,24853,89],{"class":81},[63,24855,203],{"class":116},[63,24857,836],{"class":120},[63,24859,193],{"class":116},[63,24861,89],{"class":81},[63,24863,203],{"class":116},[63,24865,1438],{"class":120},[63,24867,193],{"class":116},[63,24869,2080],{"class":81},[63,24871,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24873,173],{"class":81},[63,24875,193],{"class":116},[63,24877,816],{"class":120},[63,24879,193],{"class":116},[63,24881,89],{"class":81},[63,24883,203],{"class":116},[63,24885,836],{"class":120},[63,24887,193],{"class":116},[63,24889,89],{"class":81},[63,24891,203],{"class":116},[63,24893,1438],{"class":120},[63,24895,193],{"class":116},[63,24897,186],{"class":81},[14,24899,24900],{},"This shows two things:",[29,24902,24903,24910],{},[32,24904,24905,22269,24908,1044],{},[18,24906,24907],{},"data.keys()",[18,24909,17311],{},[32,24911,24912,24915],{},[18,24913,24914],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24917,9468,24918,259],{},[196,24919,24920],{"href":9698},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[49,24922,5753],{"id":5752},[14,24924,2495],{},[54,24926,24928],{"className":56,"code":24927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24929,24930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24931,24932,24934,24936,24938],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24933,11757],{"class":69},[63,24935,259],{"class":81},[63,24937,17221],{"class":145},[63,24939,279],{"class":81},[14,24941,22094],{},[29,24943,24944,24947,24950],{},[32,24945,24946],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[32,24948,24949],{},"It takes no parameters",[32,24951,24952],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24954,16953],{},[54,24956,24958],{"className":56,"code":24957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24959,24960,24984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,24961,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,24963,1412],{"class":69},[63,24965,74],{"class":73},[63,24967,811],{"class":81},[63,24969,117],{"class":116},[63,24971,816],{"class":120},[63,24973,117],{"class":116},[63,24975,821],{"class":81},[63,24977,824],{"class":116},[63,24979,827],{"class":120},[63,24981,117],{"class":116},[63,24983,846],{"class":81},[63,24985,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,24987,140],{"class":139},[63,24989,113],{"class":81},[63,24991,1464],{"class":145},[63,24993,259],{"class":81},[63,24995,17221],{"class":145},[63,24997,7515],{"class":81},[14,24999,25000],{},"Incorrect:",[54,25002,25004],{"className":56,"code":25003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,25005,25006,25030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25007,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25009,1412],{"class":69},[63,25011,74],{"class":73},[63,25013,811],{"class":81},[63,25015,117],{"class":116},[63,25017,816],{"class":120},[63,25019,117],{"class":116},[63,25021,821],{"class":81},[63,25023,824],{"class":116},[63,25025,827],{"class":120},[63,25027,117],{"class":116},[63,25029,846],{"class":81},[63,25031,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25043],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25033,140],{"class":139},[63,25035,113],{"class":81},[63,25037,1464],{"class":145},[63,25039,259],{"class":81},[63,25041,17221],{"class":25042},"skxfh",[63,25044,126],{"class":81},[14,25046,25047],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[49,25049,17715],{"id":17714},[14,25051,25052,22269,25054,25056],{},[18,25053,17362],{},[18,25055,17311],{}," object.",[14,25058,25059],{},"This object:",[29,25061,25062,25065,25068,25073],{},[32,25063,25064],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[32,25066,25067],{},"can be used in a loop",[32,25069,25070,25071],{},"can be converted with ",[18,25072,20],{},[32,25074,25075],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25077,2543],{},[54,25079,25081],{"className":56,"code":25080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,25082,25083,25124,25128,25143,25147,25157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25084,25085,25088,25090,25092,25094,25097,25099,25101,25103,25106,25108,25110,25112,25115,25117,25119,25122],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25086,25087],{"class":69},"car ",[63,25089,74],{"class":73},[63,25091,811],{"class":81},[63,25093,117],{"class":116},[63,25095,25096],{"class":120},"brand",[63,25098,117],{"class":116},[63,25100,821],{"class":81},[63,25102,824],{"class":116},[63,25104,25105],{"class":120},"Toyota",[63,25107,117],{"class":116},[63,25109,89],{"class":81},[63,25111,824],{"class":116},[63,25113,25114],{"class":120},"year",[63,25116,117],{"class":116},[63,25118,821],{"class":81},[63,25120,25121],{"class":85}," 2020",[63,25123,846],{"class":81},[63,25125,25126],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25127,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25129,25130,25132,25134,25137,25139,25141],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25131,851],{"class":69},[63,25133,74],{"class":73},[63,25135,25136],{"class":69}," car",[63,25138,259],{"class":81},[63,25140,17221],{"class":145},[63,25142,279],{"class":81},[63,25144,25145],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,25146,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25148,25149,25151,25153,25155],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,25150,140],{"class":139},[63,25152,113],{"class":81},[63,25154,875],{"class":145},[63,25156,126],{"class":81},[63,25158,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,25160,140],{"class":139},[63,25162,113],{"class":81},[63,25164,3557],{"class":77},[63,25166,113],{"class":81},[63,25168,875],{"class":145},[63,25170,100],{"class":81},[14,25172,25173],{},[1217,25174,163],{},[54,25176,25178],{"className":56,"code":25177,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,25179,25180,25202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25181,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25183,17311],{"class":145},[63,25185,2071],{"class":81},[63,25187,193],{"class":116},[63,25189,25096],{"class":120},[63,25191,193],{"class":116},[63,25193,89],{"class":81},[63,25195,203],{"class":116},[63,25197,25114],{"class":120},[63,25199,193],{"class":116},[63,25201,2080],{"class":81},[63,25203,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25205,3626],{"class":73},[63,25207,3629],{"class":2402},[63,25209,203],{"class":116},[63,25211,17311],{"class":120},[63,25213,193],{"class":116},[63,25215,3638],{"class":73},[14,25217,25218,25219,25223,25224,259],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[196,25220,11042,25221,11046],{"href":17365},[18,25222,17368],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[196,25225,11042,25226,11046],{"href":17372},[18,25227,17375],{},[49,25229,25231],{"id":25230},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25233,25234],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[54,25236,25238],{"className":56,"code":25237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25239,25240,25293,25297,25313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25241,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25289,25291],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25243,1412],{"class":69},[63,25245,74],{"class":73},[63,25247,811],{"class":81},[63,25249,117],{"class":116},[63,25251,816],{"class":120},[63,25253,117],{"class":116},[63,25255,821],{"class":81},[63,25257,824],{"class":116},[63,25259,827],{"class":120},[63,25261,117],{"class":116},[63,25263,89],{"class":81},[63,25265,824],{"class":116},[63,25267,836],{"class":120},[63,25269,117],{"class":116},[63,25271,821],{"class":81},[63,25273,746],{"class":85},[63,25275,89],{"class":81},[63,25277,824],{"class":116},[63,25279,15625],{"class":120},[63,25281,117],{"class":116},[63,25283,821],{"class":81},[63,25285,824],{"class":116},[63,25287,25288],{"class":120},"Math",[63,25290,117],{"class":116},[63,25292,846],{"class":81},[63,25294,25295],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25296,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25298,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25300,6277],{"class":1155},[63,25302,18505],{"class":69},[63,25304,4217],{"class":1155},[63,25306,13211],{"class":69},[63,25308,259],{"class":81},[63,25310,17221],{"class":145},[63,25312,21890],{"class":81},[63,25314,25315,25317,25319,25321],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,25316,8386],{"class":139},[63,25318,113],{"class":81},[63,25320,15137],{"class":145},[63,25322,126],{"class":81},[14,25324,25325],{},[1217,25326,163],{},[54,25328,25330],{"className":56,"code":25329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,25331,25332,25337,25342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25333,25334],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25335,25336],{"class":69},"name\n",[63,25338,25339],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25340,25341],{"class":69},"age\n",[63,25343,25344],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25345,25346],{"class":69},"course\n",[14,25348,25349],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[54,25351,25353],{"className":56,"code":25352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,25354,25355,25367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25356,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25358,6277],{"class":1155},[63,25360,18505],{"class":69},[63,25362,4217],{"class":1155},[63,25364,13211],{"class":69},[63,25366,6713],{"class":81},[63,25368,25369,25371,25373,25375],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25370,8386],{"class":139},[63,25372,113],{"class":81},[63,25374,15137],{"class":145},[63,25376,126],{"class":81},[14,25378,25379,25380,25383],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,25381,25382],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[49,25385,5292,25387],{"id":25386},"when-to-use-keys",[18,25388,17362],{},[14,25390,222,25391,1716],{},[18,25392,17362],{},[29,25394,25395,25398,25401],{},[32,25396,25397],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[32,25399,25400],{},"you want to display available fields",[32,25402,25403],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25405,2543],{},[54,25407,25409],{"className":56,"code":25408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,25410,25411,25464,25468,25483,25500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25412,25413,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25433,25435,25437,25439,25442,25444,25446,25449,25451,25453,25456,25458,25460,25462],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25414,25415],{"class":69},"product ",[63,25417,74],{"class":73},[63,25419,811],{"class":81},[63,25421,117],{"class":116},[63,25423,816],{"class":120},[63,25425,117],{"class":116},[63,25427,821],{"class":81},[63,25429,824],{"class":116},[63,25431,25432],{"class":120},"Book",[63,25434,117],{"class":116},[63,25436,89],{"class":81},[63,25438,824],{"class":116},[63,25440,25441],{"class":120},"price",[63,25443,117],{"class":116},[63,25445,821],{"class":81},[63,25447,25448],{"class":85}," 12.99",[63,25450,89],{"class":81},[63,25452,824],{"class":116},[63,25454,25455],{"class":120},"stock",[63,25457,117],{"class":116},[63,25459,821],{"class":81},[63,25461,4935],{"class":85},[63,25463,846],{"class":81},[63,25465,25466],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25467,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25469,25470,25472,25474,25476,25479,25481],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25471,140],{"class":139},[63,25473,113],{"class":81},[63,25475,117],{"class":116},[63,25477,25478],{"class":120},"Available fields:",[63,25480,117],{"class":116},[63,25482,126],{"class":81},[63,25484,25485,25487,25489,25491,25494,25496,25498],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,25486,6277],{"class":1155},[63,25488,18505],{"class":69},[63,25490,4217],{"class":1155},[63,25492,25493],{"class":69}," product",[63,25495,259],{"class":81},[63,25497,17221],{"class":145},[63,25499,21890],{"class":81},[63,25501,25502,25504,25506,25508],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,25503,8386],{"class":139},[63,25505,113],{"class":81},[63,25507,15137],{"class":145},[63,25509,126],{"class":81},[14,25511,25512],{},[1217,25513,163],{},[54,25515,25517],{"className":56,"code":25516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,25518,25519,25526,25530,25535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25520,25521,25524],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25522,25523],{"class":69},"Available fields",[63,25525,6713],{"class":81},[63,25527,25528],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25529,25336],{"class":69},[63,25531,25532],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25533,25534],{"class":69},"price\n",[63,25536,25537],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,25538,25539],{"class":69},"stock\n",[14,25541,25542],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[54,25544,25546],{"className":56,"code":25545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,25547,25548,25584,25588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25549,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25551,25415],{"class":69},[63,25553,74],{"class":73},[63,25555,811],{"class":81},[63,25557,117],{"class":116},[63,25559,816],{"class":120},[63,25561,117],{"class":116},[63,25563,821],{"class":81},[63,25565,824],{"class":116},[63,25567,25432],{"class":120},[63,25569,117],{"class":116},[63,25571,89],{"class":81},[63,25573,824],{"class":116},[63,25575,25441],{"class":120},[63,25577,117],{"class":116},[63,25579,821],{"class":81},[63,25581,25448],{"class":85},[63,25583,846],{"class":81},[63,25585,25586],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25587,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25589,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25591,140],{"class":139},[63,25593,113],{"class":81},[63,25595,117],{"class":116},[63,25597,816],{"class":120},[63,25599,117],{"class":116},[63,25601,21468],{"class":1155},[63,25603,25493],{"class":145},[63,25605,259],{"class":81},[63,25607,17221],{"class":145},[63,25609,7515],{"class":81},[14,25611,25612,25613,259],{},"This works and returns ",[18,25614,3941],{},[14,25616,25617],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[54,25619,25621],{"className":56,"code":25620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,25622,25623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25624,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635,25637,25639],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25626,140],{"class":139},[63,25628,113],{"class":81},[63,25630,117],{"class":116},[63,25632,816],{"class":120},[63,25634,117],{"class":116},[63,25636,21468],{"class":1155},[63,25638,25493],{"class":145},[63,25640,126],{"class":81},[14,25642,25643,25644,259],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[196,25645,21501],{"href":17450},[49,25647,25649],{"id":25648},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25651,25652,25653,259],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,25654,17362],{},[486,25656,8769,25658,25660],{"id":25657},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,25659,17362],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25662,25663,25665],{},[18,25664,17362],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25667,2543],{},[54,25669,25671],{"className":56,"code":25670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,25672,25673,25709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25674,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25676,2097],{"class":69},[63,25678,74],{"class":73},[63,25680,811],{"class":81},[63,25682,117],{"class":116},[63,25684,816],{"class":120},[63,25686,117],{"class":116},[63,25688,821],{"class":81},[63,25690,824],{"class":116},[63,25692,827],{"class":120},[63,25694,117],{"class":116},[63,25696,89],{"class":81},[63,25698,824],{"class":116},[63,25700,836],{"class":120},[63,25702,117],{"class":116},[63,25704,821],{"class":81},[63,25706,746],{"class":85},[63,25708,846],{"class":81},[63,25710,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25712,140],{"class":139},[63,25714,113],{"class":81},[63,25716,2138],{"class":145},[63,25718,259],{"class":81},[63,25720,17221],{"class":145},[63,25722,7515],{"class":81},[14,25724,25725],{},[1217,25726,163],{},[54,25728,25730],{"className":56,"code":25729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,25731,25732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25733,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25735,17311],{"class":145},[63,25737,2071],{"class":81},[63,25739,193],{"class":116},[63,25741,816],{"class":120},[63,25743,193],{"class":116},[63,25745,89],{"class":81},[63,25747,203],{"class":116},[63,25749,836],{"class":120},[63,25751,193],{"class":116},[63,25753,2080],{"class":81},[14,25755,25756,25757,259],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[196,25758,25759],{"href":17372},[18,25760,17375],{},[486,25762,25764,25765],{"id":25763},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,25766,17311],{},[14,25768,25769],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[54,25771,25772],{"className":56,"code":882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,25773,25774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25775,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25777,173],{"class":81},[63,25779,193],{"class":116},[63,25781,816],{"class":120},[63,25783,193],{"class":116},[63,25785,89],{"class":81},[63,25787,203],{"class":116},[63,25789,836],{"class":120},[63,25791,193],{"class":116},[63,25793,186],{"class":81},[14,25795,25796,25797,25799],{},"But ",[18,25798,17362],{}," returns:",[54,25801,25802],{"className":56,"code":25729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,25803,25804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25805,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25807,17311],{"class":145},[63,25809,2071],{"class":81},[63,25811,193],{"class":116},[63,25813,816],{"class":120},[63,25815,193],{"class":116},[63,25817,89],{"class":81},[63,25819,203],{"class":116},[63,25821,836],{"class":120},[63,25823,193],{"class":116},[63,25825,2080],{"class":81},[14,25827,25828],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[54,25830,25832],{"className":56,"code":25831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25833,25834,25870,25889,25893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25835,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25837,2097],{"class":69},[63,25839,74],{"class":73},[63,25841,811],{"class":81},[63,25843,117],{"class":116},[63,25845,816],{"class":120},[63,25847,117],{"class":116},[63,25849,821],{"class":81},[63,25851,824],{"class":116},[63,25853,827],{"class":120},[63,25855,117],{"class":116},[63,25857,89],{"class":81},[63,25859,824],{"class":116},[63,25861,836],{"class":120},[63,25863,117],{"class":116},[63,25865,821],{"class":81},[63,25867,746],{"class":85},[63,25869,846],{"class":81},[63,25871,25872,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25873,25874],{"class":69},"key_list ",[63,25876,74],{"class":73},[63,25878,78],{"class":77},[63,25880,113],{"class":81},[63,25882,2138],{"class":145},[63,25884,259],{"class":81},[63,25886,17221],{"class":145},[63,25888,7515],{"class":81},[63,25890,25891],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,25892,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,25894,25895,25897,25899,25902],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,25896,140],{"class":139},[63,25898,113],{"class":81},[63,25900,25901],{"class":145},"key_list",[63,25903,126],{"class":81},[486,25905,25907,25908,25910],{"id":25906},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25909,17362],{}," on a list or string",[14,25912,25913,25915],{},[18,25914,17362],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25917,3174],{},[54,25919,25921],{"className":56,"code":25920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25922,25923,25943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25924,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25926,70],{"class":69},[63,25928,74],{"class":73},[63,25930,1091],{"class":81},[63,25932,86],{"class":85},[63,25934,89],{"class":81},[63,25936,92],{"class":85},[63,25938,89],{"class":81},[63,25940,97],{"class":85},[63,25942,186],{"class":81},[63,25944,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,25946,140],{"class":139},[63,25948,113],{"class":81},[63,25950,146],{"class":145},[63,25952,259],{"class":81},[63,25954,17221],{"class":145},[63,25956,7515],{"class":81},[14,25958,25959,25960,25963,25964,25966,25967,259],{},"You may get an ",[18,25961,25962],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25965,17362],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[196,25968,25970,25971,25974],{"href":25969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25972,25973],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[486,25976,25978],{"id":25977},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25980,25981],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[54,25983,25985],{"className":56,"code":25984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25986,25987,26011],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,25988,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,25990,2097],{"class":69},[63,25992,74],{"class":73},[63,25994,811],{"class":81},[63,25996,117],{"class":116},[63,25998,816],{"class":120},[63,26000,117],{"class":116},[63,26002,821],{"class":81},[63,26004,824],{"class":116},[63,26006,827],{"class":120},[63,26008,117],{"class":116},[63,26010,846],{"class":81},[63,26012,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26014,140],{"class":139},[63,26016,113],{"class":81},[63,26018,2138],{"class":145},[63,26020,259],{"class":81},[63,26022,17221],{"class":25042},[63,26024,126],{"class":81},[14,26026,26027],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,26029,1937],{},[54,26031,26033],{"className":56,"code":26032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,26034,26035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26036,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26038,140],{"class":139},[63,26040,113],{"class":81},[63,26042,2138],{"class":145},[63,26044,259],{"class":81},[63,26046,17221],{"class":145},[63,26048,7515],{"class":81},[49,26050,3167],{"id":3166},[14,26052,26053,26054,821],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,26055,17362],{},[29,26057,26058,26063,26069,26075],{},[32,26059,8733,26060,26062],{},[18,26061,17362],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[32,26064,26065,26066,26068],{},"Thinking ",[18,26067,17362],{}," returns values too",[32,26070,26071,26072,26074],{},"Trying to index ",[18,26073,17311],{}," like a normal list",[32,26076,26077,26078,26080],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,26079,17311],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26082,26083],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[54,26085,26087],{"className":56,"code":26086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,26088,26089,26121,26135,26139,26149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26090,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26092,2097],{"class":69},[63,26094,74],{"class":73},[63,26096,811],{"class":81},[63,26098,117],{"class":116},[63,26100,196],{"class":120},[63,26102,117],{"class":116},[63,26104,821],{"class":81},[63,26106,692],{"class":85},[63,26108,89],{"class":81},[63,26110,824],{"class":116},[63,26112,206],{"class":120},[63,26114,117],{"class":116},[63,26116,821],{"class":81},[63,26118,92],{"class":85},[63,26120,846],{"class":81},[63,26122,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26124,17539],{"class":69},[63,26126,74],{"class":73},[63,26128,14862],{"class":69},[63,26130,259],{"class":81},[63,26132,17221],{"class":145},[63,26134,279],{"class":81},[63,26136,26137],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26138,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26140,26141,26143,26145,26147],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26142,140],{"class":139},[63,26144,113],{"class":81},[63,26146,17221],{"class":145},[63,26148,126],{"class":81},[63,26150,26151],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,26152,26153],{"class":1910},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26155,26156],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[54,26158,26160],{"className":56,"code":26159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,26161,26162,26194,26212,26216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26163,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26165,2097],{"class":69},[63,26167,74],{"class":73},[63,26169,811],{"class":81},[63,26171,117],{"class":116},[63,26173,196],{"class":120},[63,26175,117],{"class":116},[63,26177,821],{"class":81},[63,26179,692],{"class":85},[63,26181,89],{"class":81},[63,26183,824],{"class":116},[63,26185,206],{"class":120},[63,26187,117],{"class":116},[63,26189,821],{"class":81},[63,26191,92],{"class":85},[63,26193,846],{"class":81},[63,26195,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26197,17539],{"class":69},[63,26199,74],{"class":73},[63,26201,78],{"class":77},[63,26203,113],{"class":81},[63,26205,2138],{"class":145},[63,26207,259],{"class":81},[63,26209,17221],{"class":145},[63,26211,7515],{"class":81},[63,26213,26214],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26215,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26217,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26219,140],{"class":139},[63,26221,113],{"class":81},[63,26223,17221],{"class":145},[63,26225,173],{"class":81},[63,26227,687],{"class":85},[63,26229,2080],{"class":81},[49,26231,26233],{"id":26232},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26235,11419],{},[54,26237,26239],{"className":56,"code":26238,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,26240,26241,26255,26265,26279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26242,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26244,140],{"class":139},[63,26246,113],{"class":81},[63,26248,3557],{"class":77},[63,26250,113],{"class":81},[63,26252,11757],{"class":145},[63,26254,100],{"class":81},[63,26256,26257,26259,26261,26263],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26258,140],{"class":139},[63,26260,113],{"class":81},[63,26262,11757],{"class":145},[63,26264,126],{"class":81},[63,26266,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26268,140],{"class":139},[63,26270,113],{"class":81},[63,26272,11757],{"class":145},[63,26274,259],{"class":81},[63,26276,17221],{"class":145},[63,26278,7515],{"class":81},[63,26280,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26282,140],{"class":139},[63,26284,113],{"class":81},[63,26286,276],{"class":77},[63,26288,113],{"class":81},[63,26290,11757],{"class":145},[63,26292,259],{"class":81},[63,26294,17221],{"class":145},[63,26296,1561],{"class":81},[14,26298,26299],{},"These help you confirm:",[29,26301,26302,26305,26308,26313],{},[32,26303,26304],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[32,26306,26307],{},"what data it contains",[32,26309,26310,26311,12014],{},"what ",[18,26312,17362],{},[32,26314,26315],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[49,26317,2165],{"id":2164},[486,26319,24211,26321,5472],{"id":26320},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,26322,17362],{},[14,26324,17718,26325,26327],{},[18,26326,17311],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[486,26329,15199,26331,26334],{"id":26330},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,26332,26333],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26336,26337,26338,26340,26341,259],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,26339,17311],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,26342,26343],{},"list(dict.keys())",[486,26345,26347,26348,2827],{"id":26346},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,26349,26333],{},[14,26351,26352,26353,26355],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,26354,6277],{}," loop.",[486,26357,26359,26360,26362],{"id":26358},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,26361,17362],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26364,26365,26366,26368],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,26367,17362],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[486,26370,26372],{"id":26371},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26374,222,26375,259],{},[18,26376,26377],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[49,26379,2219],{"id":2218},[29,26381,26382,26387,26393,26399,26405,26409],{},[32,26383,26384],{},[196,26385,26386],{"href":9698},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[32,26388,26389],{},[196,26390,11042,26391,11046],{"href":17365},[18,26392,17368],{},[32,26394,26395],{},[196,26396,11042,26397,11046],{"href":17372},[18,26398,17375],{},[32,26400,26401],{},[196,26402,26404],{"href":26403},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[32,26406,26407],{},[196,26408,17451],{"href":17450},[32,26410,26411],{},[196,26412,26413,26414,25974],{"href":25969},"How to fix ",[18,26415,25973],{},[2259,26417,26418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":26420},[26421,26422,26424,26425,26426,26427,26428,26430,26439,26440,26441,26452],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":24542,"depth":103,"text":26423},"What keys() does",{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":25230,"depth":103,"text":25231},{"id":25386,"depth":103,"text":26429},"When to use keys()",{"id":25648,"depth":103,"text":25649,"children":26431},[26432,26434,26436,26438],{"id":25657,"depth":129,"text":26433},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25763,"depth":129,"text":26435},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25906,"depth":129,"text":26437},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25977,"depth":129,"text":25978},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":26232,"depth":103,"text":26233},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":26442},[26443,26445,26447,26449,26451],{"id":26320,"depth":129,"text":26444},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26330,"depth":129,"text":26446},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26346,"depth":129,"text":26448},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26358,"depth":129,"text":26450},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26371,"depth":129,"text":26372},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24364,"description":26453},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26459,"title":26460,"body":26461,"description":28733,"extension":2300,"meta":28734,"navigation":132,"path":28735,"seo":28736,"stem":28737,"__hash__":28738},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26462,"toc":28686},[26463,26468,26473,26476,26478,26624,26637,26642,26646,26660,26662,26765,26774,26776,26778,26816,26841,26843,26950,26952,26959,26962,26970,26972,27113,27121,27126,27130,27141,27143,27305,27308,27316,27323,27329,27426,27432,27509,27512,27524,27529,27535,27538,27542,27631,27634,27638,27742,27749,27836,27845,27847,27852,27858,27861,27907,27910,27976,27985,27991,28084,28090,28096,28139,28142,28207,28213,28305,28308,28312,28318,28343,28346,28442,28449,28451,28456,28547,28549,28577,28582,28584,28591,28594,28598,28608,28613,28616,28623,28633,28640,28648,28650,28683],[10,26464,11625,26466,11629],{"id":26465},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,26467,13070],{},[14,26469,26470,26472],{},[18,26471,12876],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26474,26475],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[49,26477,3946],{"id":3945},[54,26479,26481],{"className":56,"code":26480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,26482,26483,26519,26543,26557,26570,26574,26579,26611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26484,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26486,806],{"class":69},[63,26488,74],{"class":73},[63,26490,811],{"class":81},[63,26492,117],{"class":116},[63,26494,816],{"class":120},[63,26496,117],{"class":116},[63,26498,821],{"class":81},[63,26500,824],{"class":116},[63,26502,827],{"class":120},[63,26504,117],{"class":116},[63,26506,89],{"class":81},[63,26508,824],{"class":116},[63,26510,836],{"class":120},[63,26512,117],{"class":116},[63,26514,821],{"class":81},[63,26516,843],{"class":85},[63,26518,846],{"class":81},[63,26520,26521,26524,26526,26528,26530,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26522,26523],{"class":69},"removed_age ",[63,26525,74],{"class":73},[63,26527,13552],{"class":69},[63,26529,259],{"class":81},[63,26531,26532],{"class":145},"pop",[63,26534,113],{"class":81},[63,26536,117],{"class":116},[63,26538,836],{"class":120},[63,26540,117],{"class":116},[63,26542,126],{"class":81},[63,26544,26545,26547,26549,26552,26554],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26546,140],{"class":139},[63,26548,113],{"class":81},[63,26550,26551],{"class":145},"removed_age",[63,26553,3997],{"class":81},[63,26555,26556],{"class":1910},"   # 25\n",[63,26558,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26560,140],{"class":139},[63,26562,113],{"class":81},[63,26564,860],{"class":145},[63,26566,3997],{"class":81},[63,26568,26569],{"class":1910},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[63,26571,26572],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,26573,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26575,26576],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,26577,26578],{"class":1910},"# Safe version with default value\n",[63,26580,26581,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26607,26609],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,26582,26583],{"class":69},"country ",[63,26585,74],{"class":73},[63,26587,13552],{"class":69},[63,26589,259],{"class":81},[63,26591,26532],{"class":145},[63,26593,113],{"class":81},[63,26595,117],{"class":116},[63,26597,15558],{"class":120},[63,26599,117],{"class":116},[63,26601,89],{"class":81},[63,26603,824],{"class":116},[63,26605,26606],{"class":120},"Not found",[63,26608,117],{"class":116},[63,26610,126],{"class":81},[63,26612,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,26614,140],{"class":139},[63,26616,113],{"class":81},[63,26618,15558],{"class":145},[63,26620,3997],{"class":81},[63,26622,26623],{"class":1910},"       # Not found\n",[14,26625,222,26626,26629,26630,26633,26634,26636],{},[18,26627,26628],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,26631,26632],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,26635,19983],{}," when the key might not exist.",[49,26638,4014,26640,4017],{"id":26639},"what-dictpop-does",[18,26641,12876],{},[14,26643,26644,821],{},[18,26645,12876],{},[29,26647,26648,26651,26654,26657],{},[32,26649,26650],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[32,26652,26653],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[32,26655,26656],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[32,26658,26659],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26661,2543],{},[54,26663,26665],{"className":56,"code":26664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,26666,26667,26707,26711,26734,26738,26752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26668,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26670,11796],{"class":69},[63,26672,74],{"class":73},[63,26674,811],{"class":81},[63,26676,117],{"class":116},[63,26678,816],{"class":120},[63,26680,117],{"class":116},[63,26682,821],{"class":81},[63,26684,824],{"class":116},[63,26686,13526],{"class":120},[63,26688,117],{"class":116},[63,26690,89],{"class":81},[63,26692,824],{"class":116},[63,26694,10715],{"class":120},[63,26696,117],{"class":116},[63,26698,821],{"class":81},[63,26700,824],{"class":116},[63,26702,10722],{"class":120},[63,26704,117],{"class":116},[63,26706,846],{"class":81},[63,26708,26709],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26710,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26712,26713,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26714,26715],{"class":69},"removed_city ",[63,26717,74],{"class":73},[63,26719,11879],{"class":69},[63,26721,259],{"class":81},[63,26723,26532],{"class":145},[63,26725,113],{"class":81},[63,26727,117],{"class":116},[63,26729,10715],{"class":120},[63,26731,117],{"class":116},[63,26733,126],{"class":81},[63,26735,26736],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26737,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26739,26740,26742,26744,26747,26749],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,26741,140],{"class":139},[63,26743,113],{"class":81},[63,26745,26746],{"class":145},"removed_city",[63,26748,3997],{"class":81},[63,26750,26751],{"class":1910},"  # Paris\n",[63,26753,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,26755,140],{"class":139},[63,26757,113],{"class":81},[63,26759,11890],{"class":145},[63,26761,3997],{"class":81},[63,26763,26764],{"class":1910},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26766,21065,26767,26770,26771,259],{},[18,26768,26769],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,26772,26773],{},"\"Paris\"",[49,26775,263],{"id":262},[14,26777,266],{},[54,26779,26781],{"className":56,"code":26780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,26782,26783,26797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26784,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26786,11757],{"class":69},[63,26788,259],{"class":81},[63,26790,26532],{"class":145},[63,26792,113],{"class":81},[63,26794,15137],{"class":145},[63,26796,126],{"class":81},[63,26798,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26814],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26800,11757],{"class":69},[63,26802,259],{"class":81},[63,26804,26532],{"class":145},[63,26806,113],{"class":81},[63,26808,15137],{"class":145},[63,26810,89],{"class":81},[63,26812,26813],{"class":145}," default",[63,26815,126],{"class":81},[29,26817,26818,26824,26832,26838],{},[32,26819,26820,26823],{},[18,26821,26822],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[32,26825,26826,26828,26829,26831],{},[18,26827,26822],{}," raises ",[18,26830,19983],{}," if the key is missing",[32,26833,26834,26837],{},[18,26835,26836],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[32,26839,26840],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26842,2543],{},[54,26844,26846],{"className":56,"code":26845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26847,26848,26880,26884,26909,26937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26849,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26851,1781],{"class":69},[63,26853,74],{"class":73},[63,26855,811],{"class":81},[63,26857,117],{"class":116},[63,26859,18713],{"class":120},[63,26861,117],{"class":116},[63,26863,821],{"class":81},[63,26865,1858],{"class":85},[63,26867,89],{"class":81},[63,26869,824],{"class":116},[63,26871,18722],{"class":120},[63,26873,117],{"class":116},[63,26875,821],{"class":81},[63,26877,1793],{"class":85},[63,26879,846],{"class":81},[63,26881,26882],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,26883,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,26885,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,26887,140],{"class":139},[63,26889,113],{"class":81},[63,26891,16686],{"class":145},[63,26893,259],{"class":81},[63,26895,26532],{"class":145},[63,26897,113],{"class":81},[63,26899,117],{"class":116},[63,26901,18713],{"class":120},[63,26903,117],{"class":116},[63,26905,5683],{"class":81},[63,26907,26908],{"class":1910},"         # 90\n",[63,26910,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,26912,140],{"class":139},[63,26914,113],{"class":81},[63,26916,16686],{"class":145},[63,26918,259],{"class":81},[63,26920,26532],{"class":145},[63,26922,113],{"class":81},[63,26924,117],{"class":116},[63,26926,18731],{"class":120},[63,26928,117],{"class":116},[63,26930,89],{"class":81},[63,26932,4169],{"class":85},[63,26934,5683],{"class":81},[63,26936,21062],{"class":1910},[63,26938,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,26940,140],{"class":139},[63,26942,113],{"class":81},[63,26944,16686],{"class":145},[63,26946,3997],{"class":81},[63,26948,26949],{"class":1910},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[49,26951,17715],{"id":17714},[14,26953,26954,14352,26956,26958],{},[18,26955,13070],{},[1217,26957,4961],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26960,26961],{},"Instead, it returns:",[29,26963,26964,26967],{},[32,26965,26966],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[32,26968,26969],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26971,2543],{},[54,26973,26975],{"className":56,"code":26974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26976,26977,27009,27013,27036,27068,27072,27086,27100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,26980,2097],{"class":69},[63,26982,74],{"class":73},[63,26984,811],{"class":81},[63,26986,117],{"class":116},[63,26988,196],{"class":120},[63,26990,117],{"class":116},[63,26992,821],{"class":81},[63,26994,6324],{"class":85},[63,26996,89],{"class":81},[63,26998,824],{"class":116},[63,27000,206],{"class":120},[63,27002,117],{"class":116},[63,27004,821],{"class":81},[63,27006,746],{"class":85},[63,27008,846],{"class":81},[63,27010,27011],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27012,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27014,27015,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27016,27017],{"class":69},"result1 ",[63,27019,74],{"class":73},[63,27021,14862],{"class":69},[63,27023,259],{"class":81},[63,27025,26532],{"class":145},[63,27027,113],{"class":81},[63,27029,117],{"class":116},[63,27031,196],{"class":120},[63,27033,117],{"class":116},[63,27035,126],{"class":81},[63,27037,27038,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27064,27066],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27039,27040],{"class":69},"result2 ",[63,27042,74],{"class":73},[63,27044,14862],{"class":69},[63,27046,259],{"class":81},[63,27048,26532],{"class":145},[63,27050,113],{"class":81},[63,27052,117],{"class":116},[63,27054,215],{"class":120},[63,27056,117],{"class":116},[63,27058,89],{"class":81},[63,27060,824],{"class":116},[63,27062,27063],{"class":120},"missing",[63,27065,117],{"class":116},[63,27067,126],{"class":81},[63,27069,27070],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27071,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27073,27074,27076,27078,27081,27083],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27075,140],{"class":139},[63,27077,113],{"class":81},[63,27079,27080],{"class":145},"result1",[63,27082,3997],{"class":81},[63,27084,27085],{"class":1910},"  # 10\n",[63,27087,27088,27090,27092,27095,27097],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,27089,140],{"class":139},[63,27091,113],{"class":81},[63,27093,27094],{"class":145},"result2",[63,27096,3997],{"class":81},[63,27098,27099],{"class":1910},"  # missing\n",[63,27101,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,27103,140],{"class":139},[63,27105,113],{"class":81},[63,27107,2138],{"class":145},[63,27109,3997],{"class":81},[63,27111,27112],{"class":1910},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27114,27115,27116,6951],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[196,27117,27118],{"href":11041},[18,27119,27120],{},"dict.get()",[49,27122,5292,27124],{"id":27123},"when-to-use-pop",[18,27125,13070],{},[14,27127,222,27128,1716],{},[18,27129,13070],{},[29,27131,27132,27135,27138],{},[32,27133,27134],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[32,27136,27137],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[32,27139,27140],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27142,2543],{},[54,27144,27146],{"className":56,"code":27145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,27147,27148,27200,27204,27231,27235,27259,27263,27277,27291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27149,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27184,27186,27188,27191,27193,27195,27198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27151,25415],{"class":69},[63,27153,74],{"class":73},[63,27155,811],{"class":81},[63,27157,117],{"class":116},[63,27159,816],{"class":120},[63,27161,117],{"class":116},[63,27163,821],{"class":81},[63,27165,824],{"class":116},[63,27167,27168],{"class":120},"Laptop",[63,27170,117],{"class":116},[63,27172,89],{"class":81},[63,27174,824],{"class":116},[63,27176,25441],{"class":120},[63,27178,117],{"class":116},[63,27180,821],{"class":81},[63,27182,27183],{"class":85}," 1200",[63,27185,89],{"class":81},[63,27187,824],{"class":116},[63,27189,27190],{"class":120},"discount",[63,27192,117],{"class":116},[63,27194,821],{"class":81},[63,27196,27197],{"class":85}," 200",[63,27199,846],{"class":81},[63,27201,27202],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27203,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27205,27206,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27207,27208],{"class":69},"discount_amount ",[63,27210,74],{"class":73},[63,27212,25493],{"class":69},[63,27214,259],{"class":81},[63,27216,26532],{"class":145},[63,27218,113],{"class":81},[63,27220,117],{"class":116},[63,27222,27190],{"class":120},[63,27224,117],{"class":116},[63,27226,89],{"class":81},[63,27228,4169],{"class":85},[63,27230,126],{"class":81},[63,27232,27233],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27234,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27236,27237,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27238,27239],{"class":69},"final_price ",[63,27241,74],{"class":73},[63,27243,25493],{"class":69},[63,27245,173],{"class":81},[63,27247,117],{"class":116},[63,27249,25441],{"class":120},[63,27251,117],{"class":116},[63,27253,13578],{"class":81},[63,27255,2558],{"class":73},[63,27257,27258],{"class":69}," discount_amount\n",[63,27260,27261],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27262,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27264,27265,27267,27269,27272,27274],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,27266,140],{"class":139},[63,27268,113],{"class":81},[63,27270,27271],{"class":145},"discount_amount",[63,27273,3997],{"class":81},[63,27275,27276],{"class":1910},"  # 200\n",[63,27278,27279,27281,27283,27286,27288],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,27280,140],{"class":139},[63,27282,113],{"class":81},[63,27284,27285],{"class":145},"final_price",[63,27287,3997],{"class":81},[63,27289,27290],{"class":1910},"      # 1000\n",[63,27292,27293,27295,27297,27300,27302],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,27294,140],{"class":139},[63,27296,113],{"class":81},[63,27298,27299],{"class":145},"product",[63,27301,3997],{"class":81},[63,27303,27304],{"class":1910},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27306,27307],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[49,27309,27311,10891,27313],{"id":27310},"pop-vs-del",[18,27312,13070],{},[18,27314,27315],{},"del",[14,27317,10896,27318,4726,27320,27322],{},[18,27319,13070],{},[18,27321,27315],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[486,27324,222,27326,27328],{"id":27325},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,27327,13070],{}," when you need the removed value",[54,27330,27332],{"className":56,"code":27331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27333,27334,27370,27374,27396,27400,27413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27335,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27337,806],{"class":69},[63,27339,74],{"class":73},[63,27341,811],{"class":81},[63,27343,117],{"class":116},[63,27345,816],{"class":120},[63,27347,117],{"class":116},[63,27349,821],{"class":81},[63,27351,824],{"class":116},[63,27353,827],{"class":120},[63,27355,117],{"class":116},[63,27357,89],{"class":81},[63,27359,824],{"class":116},[63,27361,836],{"class":120},[63,27363,117],{"class":116},[63,27365,821],{"class":81},[63,27367,843],{"class":85},[63,27369,846],{"class":81},[63,27371,27372],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27373,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27375,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27377,21923],{"class":69},[63,27379,74],{"class":73},[63,27381,13552],{"class":69},[63,27383,259],{"class":81},[63,27385,26532],{"class":145},[63,27387,113],{"class":81},[63,27389,117],{"class":116},[63,27391,836],{"class":120},[63,27393,117],{"class":116},[63,27395,126],{"class":81},[63,27397,27398],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27399,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27401,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27403,140],{"class":139},[63,27405,113],{"class":81},[63,27407,836],{"class":145},[63,27409,3997],{"class":81},[63,27411,27412],{"class":1910},"     # 25\n",[63,27414,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27416,140],{"class":139},[63,27418,113],{"class":81},[63,27420,860],{"class":145},[63,27422,3997],{"class":81},[63,27424,27425],{"class":1910},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[486,27427,222,27429,27431],{"id":27428},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,27430,27315],{}," when you only want deletion",[54,27433,27435],{"className":56,"code":27434,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,27436,27437,27473,27477,27493,27497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27438,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27440,806],{"class":69},[63,27442,74],{"class":73},[63,27444,811],{"class":81},[63,27446,117],{"class":116},[63,27448,816],{"class":120},[63,27450,117],{"class":116},[63,27452,821],{"class":81},[63,27454,824],{"class":116},[63,27456,827],{"class":120},[63,27458,117],{"class":116},[63,27460,89],{"class":81},[63,27462,824],{"class":116},[63,27464,836],{"class":120},[63,27466,117],{"class":116},[63,27468,821],{"class":81},[63,27470,843],{"class":85},[63,27472,846],{"class":81},[63,27474,27475],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27476,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27478,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27480,27315],{"class":1155},[63,27482,13552],{"class":69},[63,27484,173],{"class":81},[63,27486,117],{"class":116},[63,27488,836],{"class":120},[63,27490,117],{"class":116},[63,27492,186],{"class":81},[63,27494,27495],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27496,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27498,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27500,140],{"class":139},[63,27502,113],{"class":81},[63,27504,860],{"class":145},[63,27506,3997],{"class":81},[63,27508,27425],{"class":1910},[14,27510,27511],{},"Difference:",[29,27513,27514,27519],{},[32,27515,27516,27518],{},[18,27517,13070],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[32,27520,27521,27523],{},[18,27522,27315],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27525,27526,27527,259],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[196,27528,12881],{"href":12880},[49,27530,27532,27533],{"id":27531},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,27534,19983],{},[14,27536,27537],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[486,27539,27541],{"id":27540},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[54,27543,27545],{"className":56,"code":27544,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27546,27547,27572,27576,27602,27606,27618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27548,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27568,27570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27550,12033],{"class":69},[63,27552,74],{"class":73},[63,27554,811],{"class":81},[63,27556,117],{"class":116},[63,27558,816],{"class":120},[63,27560,117],{"class":116},[63,27562,821],{"class":81},[63,27564,824],{"class":116},[63,27566,27567],{"class":120},"Sara",[63,27569,117],{"class":116},[63,27571,846],{"class":81},[63,27573,27574],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27575,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27579,2782],{"class":69},[63,27581,74],{"class":73},[63,27583,12075],{"class":69},[63,27585,259],{"class":81},[63,27587,26532],{"class":145},[63,27589,113],{"class":81},[63,27591,117],{"class":116},[63,27593,836],{"class":120},[63,27595,117],{"class":116},[63,27597,89],{"class":81},[63,27599,4187],{"class":1205},[63,27601,126],{"class":81},[63,27603,27604],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27605,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27607,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27609,140],{"class":139},[63,27611,113],{"class":81},[63,27613,2807],{"class":145},[63,27615,3997],{"class":81},[63,27617,20855],{"class":1910},[63,27619,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27621,140],{"class":139},[63,27623,113],{"class":81},[63,27625,11757],{"class":145},[63,27627,3997],{"class":81},[63,27629,27630],{"class":1910}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27632,27633],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[486,27635,27637],{"id":27636},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[54,27639,27641],{"className":56,"code":27640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,27642,27643,27667,27671,27687,27710,27720,27727],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27644,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27646,12033],{"class":69},[63,27648,74],{"class":73},[63,27650,811],{"class":81},[63,27652,117],{"class":116},[63,27654,816],{"class":120},[63,27656,117],{"class":116},[63,27658,821],{"class":81},[63,27660,824],{"class":116},[63,27662,27567],{"class":120},[63,27664,117],{"class":116},[63,27666,846],{"class":81},[63,27668,27669],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27670,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27672,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27674,7318],{"class":1155},[63,27676,824],{"class":116},[63,27678,836],{"class":120},[63,27680,117],{"class":116},[63,27682,21468],{"class":73},[63,27684,12075],{"class":69},[63,27686,6713],{"class":81},[63,27688,27689,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27690,27691],{"class":69},"    value ",[63,27693,74],{"class":73},[63,27695,12075],{"class":69},[63,27697,259],{"class":81},[63,27699,26532],{"class":145},[63,27701,113],{"class":81},[63,27703,117],{"class":116},[63,27705,836],{"class":120},[63,27707,117],{"class":116},[63,27709,126],{"class":81},[63,27711,27712,27714,27716,27718],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27713,8386],{"class":139},[63,27715,113],{"class":81},[63,27717,2807],{"class":145},[63,27719,126],{"class":81},[63,27721,27722,27725],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27723,27724],{"class":1155},"else",[63,27726,6713],{"class":81},[63,27728,27729,27731,27733,27735,27738,27740],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,27730,8386],{"class":139},[63,27732,113],{"class":81},[63,27734,117],{"class":116},[63,27736,27737],{"class":120},"Key not found",[63,27739,117],{"class":116},[63,27741,126],{"class":81},[486,27743,27745,27746,27748],{"id":27744},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,27747,11045],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[54,27750,27752],{"className":56,"code":27751,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,27753,27754,27778,27782,27808,27812,27824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27755,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27757,12033],{"class":69},[63,27759,74],{"class":73},[63,27761,811],{"class":81},[63,27763,117],{"class":116},[63,27765,816],{"class":120},[63,27767,117],{"class":116},[63,27769,821],{"class":81},[63,27771,824],{"class":116},[63,27773,27567],{"class":120},[63,27775,117],{"class":116},[63,27777,846],{"class":81},[63,27779,27780],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27781,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27783,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,27785,2782],{"class":69},[63,27787,74],{"class":73},[63,27789,12075],{"class":69},[63,27791,259],{"class":81},[63,27793,20046],{"class":145},[63,27795,113],{"class":81},[63,27797,117],{"class":116},[63,27799,836],{"class":120},[63,27801,117],{"class":116},[63,27803,89],{"class":81},[63,27805,4187],{"class":1205},[63,27807,126],{"class":81},[63,27809,27810],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,27811,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,27813,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,27815,140],{"class":139},[63,27817,113],{"class":81},[63,27819,2807],{"class":145},[63,27821,3997],{"class":81},[63,27823,20855],{"class":1910},[63,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,27827,140],{"class":139},[63,27829,113],{"class":81},[63,27831,11757],{"class":145},[63,27833,3997],{"class":81},[63,27835,27630],{"class":1910},[14,27837,222,27838,27842,27843,259],{},[196,27839,27840],{"href":11041},[18,27841,27120],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[196,27844,11569],{"href":11380},[49,27846,1888],{"id":1887},[14,27848,27849,27850,259],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27851,12876],{},[486,27853,26065,27855,27857],{"id":27854},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27856,13070],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27859,27860],{},"Lists use indexes:",[54,27862,27864],{"className":56,"code":27863,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27865,27866,27886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27869,70],{"class":69},[63,27871,74],{"class":73},[63,27873,1091],{"class":81},[63,27875,741],{"class":85},[63,27877,89],{"class":81},[63,27879,746],{"class":85},[63,27881,89],{"class":81},[63,27883,751],{"class":85},[63,27885,186],{"class":81},[63,27887,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27889,140],{"class":139},[63,27891,113],{"class":81},[63,27893,146],{"class":145},[63,27895,259],{"class":81},[63,27897,26532],{"class":145},[63,27899,113],{"class":81},[63,27901,86],{"class":85},[63,27903,5683],{"class":81},[63,27905,27906],{"class":1910},"  # 20\n",[14,27908,27909],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[54,27911,27913],{"className":56,"code":27912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27914,27915,27951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27916,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27918,806],{"class":69},[63,27920,74],{"class":73},[63,27922,811],{"class":81},[63,27924,117],{"class":116},[63,27926,816],{"class":120},[63,27928,117],{"class":116},[63,27930,821],{"class":81},[63,27932,824],{"class":116},[63,27934,827],{"class":120},[63,27936,117],{"class":116},[63,27938,89],{"class":81},[63,27940,824],{"class":116},[63,27942,836],{"class":120},[63,27944,117],{"class":116},[63,27946,821],{"class":81},[63,27948,843],{"class":85},[63,27950,846],{"class":81},[63,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,27954,140],{"class":139},[63,27956,113],{"class":81},[63,27958,860],{"class":145},[63,27960,259],{"class":81},[63,27962,26532],{"class":145},[63,27964,113],{"class":81},[63,27966,117],{"class":116},[63,27968,836],{"class":120},[63,27970,117],{"class":116},[63,27972,5683],{"class":81},[63,27974,27975],{"class":1910},"  # 25\n",[14,27977,27978,27979,27981,27982,27984],{},"A dictionary does ",[1217,27980,4961],{}," use positions with ",[18,27983,13070],{},". It uses keys.",[486,27986,5035,27988,27990],{"id":27987},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27989,13070],{}," changes the original dictionary",[54,27992,27994],{"className":56,"code":27993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27995,27996,28028,28032,28054,28058,28071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,27999,2097],{"class":69},[63,28001,74],{"class":73},[63,28003,811],{"class":81},[63,28005,117],{"class":116},[63,28007,2509],{"class":120},[63,28009,117],{"class":116},[63,28011,821],{"class":81},[63,28013,692],{"class":85},[63,28015,89],{"class":81},[63,28017,824],{"class":116},[63,28019,12054],{"class":120},[63,28021,117],{"class":116},[63,28023,821],{"class":81},[63,28025,92],{"class":85},[63,28027,846],{"class":81},[63,28029,28030],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28031,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28035,2782],{"class":69},[63,28037,74],{"class":73},[63,28039,14862],{"class":69},[63,28041,259],{"class":81},[63,28043,26532],{"class":145},[63,28045,113],{"class":81},[63,28047,117],{"class":116},[63,28049,2509],{"class":120},[63,28051,117],{"class":116},[63,28053,126],{"class":81},[63,28055,28056],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28057,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28059,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,28061,140],{"class":139},[63,28063,113],{"class":81},[63,28065,2807],{"class":145},[63,28067,3997],{"class":81},[63,28069,28070],{"class":1910},"  # 1\n",[63,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,28074,140],{"class":139},[63,28076,113],{"class":81},[63,28078,2138],{"class":145},[63,28080,3997],{"class":81},[63,28082,28083],{"class":1910},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28085,28086,28087,28089],{},"After ",[18,28088,13070],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[486,28091,8733,28093,28095],{"id":28092},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,28094,13070],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[54,28097,28099],{"className":56,"code":28098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,28100,28101,28125,28129,28134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28102,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28104,2097],{"class":69},[63,28106,74],{"class":73},[63,28108,811],{"class":81},[63,28110,117],{"class":116},[63,28112,816],{"class":120},[63,28114,117],{"class":116},[63,28116,821],{"class":81},[63,28118,824],{"class":116},[63,28120,1429],{"class":120},[63,28122,117],{"class":116},[63,28124,846],{"class":81},[63,28126,28127],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28128,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28130,28131],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28132,28133],{"class":1910},"# This causes an error\n",[63,28135,28136],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28137,28138],{"class":1910},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28140,28141],{},"Safer version:",[54,28143,28145],{"className":56,"code":28144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,28146,28147,28171,28175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28148,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28150,2097],{"class":69},[63,28152,74],{"class":73},[63,28154,811],{"class":81},[63,28156,117],{"class":116},[63,28158,816],{"class":120},[63,28160,117],{"class":116},[63,28162,821],{"class":81},[63,28164,824],{"class":116},[63,28166,1429],{"class":120},[63,28168,117],{"class":116},[63,28170,846],{"class":81},[63,28172,28173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28174,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28176,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28178,140],{"class":139},[63,28180,113],{"class":81},[63,28182,2138],{"class":145},[63,28184,259],{"class":81},[63,28186,26532],{"class":145},[63,28188,113],{"class":81},[63,28190,117],{"class":116},[63,28192,836],{"class":120},[63,28194,117],{"class":116},[63,28196,89],{"class":81},[63,28198,824],{"class":116},[63,28200,27063],{"class":120},[63,28202,117],{"class":116},[63,28204,5683],{"class":81},[63,28206,27099],{"class":1910},[486,28208,8769,28210,28212],{"id":28209},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,28211,13070],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[54,28214,28216],{"className":56,"code":28215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,28217,28218,28250,28254,28276,28280,28292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28219,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28221,2097],{"class":69},[63,28223,74],{"class":73},[63,28225,811],{"class":81},[63,28227,117],{"class":116},[63,28229,196],{"class":120},[63,28231,117],{"class":116},[63,28233,821],{"class":81},[63,28235,692],{"class":85},[63,28237,89],{"class":81},[63,28239,824],{"class":116},[63,28241,206],{"class":120},[63,28243,117],{"class":116},[63,28245,821],{"class":81},[63,28247,92],{"class":85},[63,28249,846],{"class":81},[63,28251,28252],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28253,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28255,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28257,851],{"class":69},[63,28259,74],{"class":73},[63,28261,14862],{"class":69},[63,28263,259],{"class":81},[63,28265,26532],{"class":145},[63,28267,113],{"class":81},[63,28269,117],{"class":116},[63,28271,196],{"class":120},[63,28273,117],{"class":116},[63,28275,126],{"class":81},[63,28277,28278],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28279,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28281,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,28283,140],{"class":139},[63,28285,113],{"class":81},[63,28287,875],{"class":145},[63,28289,3997],{"class":81},[63,28291,28070],{"class":1910},[63,28293,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,28295,140],{"class":139},[63,28297,113],{"class":81},[63,28299,2138],{"class":145},[63,28301,3997],{"class":81},[63,28303,28304],{"class":1910},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28306,28307],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[49,28309,28311],{"id":28310},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28313,28314,28315,28317],{},"Problems with ",[18,28316,12876],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[29,28319,28320,28323,28332,28335],{},[32,28321,28322],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[32,28324,28325,28326,28329,28330],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,28327,28328],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,28331,26628],{},[32,28333,28334],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[32,28336,28337,28338,11398,28340],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,28339,86],{},[18,28341,28342],{},"\"1\"",[14,28344,28345],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[54,28347,28349],{"className":56,"code":28348,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,28350,28351,28375,28379,28409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28352,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28354,2097],{"class":69},[63,28356,74],{"class":73},[63,28358,811],{"class":81},[63,28360,117],{"class":116},[63,28362,86],{"class":120},[63,28364,117],{"class":116},[63,28366,821],{"class":81},[63,28368,824],{"class":116},[63,28370,6905],{"class":120},[63,28372,117],{"class":116},[63,28374,846],{"class":81},[63,28376,28377],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28378,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28380,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28402,28404,28406],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28382,140],{"class":139},[63,28384,113],{"class":81},[63,28386,2138],{"class":145},[63,28388,259],{"class":81},[63,28390,26532],{"class":145},[63,28392,113],{"class":81},[63,28394,86],{"class":85},[63,28396,89],{"class":81},[63,28398,824],{"class":116},[63,28400,28401],{"class":120},"not found",[63,28403,117],{"class":116},[63,28405,5683],{"class":81},[63,28407,28408],{"class":1910},"    # not found\n",[63,28410,28411,28413,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28412,140],{"class":139},[63,28414,113],{"class":81},[63,28416,2138],{"class":145},[63,28418,259],{"class":81},[63,28420,26532],{"class":145},[63,28422,113],{"class":81},[63,28424,117],{"class":116},[63,28426,86],{"class":120},[63,28428,117],{"class":116},[63,28430,89],{"class":81},[63,28432,824],{"class":116},[63,28434,28401],{"class":120},[63,28436,117],{"class":116},[63,28438,5683],{"class":81},[63,28440,28441],{"class":1910},"  # one\n",[14,28443,28444,4726,28446,28448],{},[18,28445,86],{},[18,28447,28342],{}," are different keys.",[49,28450,9189],{"id":9188},[14,28452,9192,28453,28455],{},[18,28454,13070],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,28457,28459],{"className":56,"code":28458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,28460,28461,28471,28485,28503,28533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28462,28463,28465,28467,28469],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28464,140],{"class":139},[63,28466,113],{"class":81},[63,28468,11757],{"class":145},[63,28470,126],{"class":81},[63,28472,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28474,140],{"class":139},[63,28476,113],{"class":81},[63,28478,11757],{"class":145},[63,28480,259],{"class":81},[63,28482,17221],{"class":145},[63,28484,7515],{"class":81},[63,28486,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28488,140],{"class":139},[63,28490,113],{"class":81},[63,28492,193],{"class":116},[63,28494,816],{"class":120},[63,28496,193],{"class":116},[63,28498,21468],{"class":1155},[63,28500,12075],{"class":145},[63,28502,126],{"class":81},[63,28504,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28506,140],{"class":139},[63,28508,113],{"class":81},[63,28510,11757],{"class":145},[63,28512,259],{"class":81},[63,28514,26532],{"class":145},[63,28516,113],{"class":81},[63,28518,193],{"class":116},[63,28520,816],{"class":120},[63,28522,193],{"class":116},[63,28524,89],{"class":81},[63,28526,203],{"class":116},[63,28528,27063],{"class":120},[63,28530,193],{"class":116},[63,28532,100],{"class":81},[63,28534,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28545],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,28536,140],{"class":139},[63,28538,113],{"class":81},[63,28540,3557],{"class":77},[63,28542,113],{"class":81},[63,28544,11757],{"class":145},[63,28546,100],{"class":81},[14,28548,21631],{},[29,28550,28551,28556,28561,28566,28572],{},[32,28552,28553,28555],{},[18,28554,12986],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[32,28557,28558,28560],{},[18,28559,21643],{}," shows all available keys",[32,28562,28563,28565],{},[18,28564,21649],{}," checks whether a key exists",[32,28567,28568,28571],{},[18,28569,28570],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[32,28573,28574,28576],{},[18,28575,12992],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28578,28579,28580,259],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[196,28581,9699],{"href":9698},[49,28583,2165],{"id":2164},[486,28585,28587,28588,28590],{"id":28586},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,28589,13070],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28592,28593],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[486,28595,28597],{"id":28596},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28599,28600,26828,28602,28604,28605,28607],{},[18,28601,26628],{},[18,28603,19983],{},". ",[18,28606,26632],{}," returns the default value instead.",[486,28609,13011,28611,15192],{"id":28610},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,28612,13070],{},[14,28614,28615],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[486,28617,28619,28620,28622],{"id":28618},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,28621,13070],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28624,28625,28626,28628,28629,259],{},"Not with ",[18,28627,12876],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[196,28630,28631],{"href":12887},[18,28632,13077],{},[486,28634,2169,28636,4726,28638,2827],{"id":28635},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,28637,11045],{},[18,28639,13070],{},[14,28641,28642,28644,28645,28647],{},[18,28643,11045],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,28646,13070],{}," reads and removes it.",[49,28649,2219],{"id":2218},[29,28651,28652,28658,28665,28669,28673,28677],{},[32,28653,28654],{},[196,28655,28656],{"href":11041},[18,28657,19964],{},[32,28659,28660],{},[196,28661,28662],{"href":12887},[18,28663,28664],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[32,28666,28667],{},[196,28668,13094],{"href":12880},[32,28670,28671],{},[196,28672,21752],{"href":16894},[32,28674,28675],{},[196,28676,11569],{"href":11380},[32,28678,28679],{},[196,28680,28682],{"href":28681},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2259,28684,28685],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":28687},[28688,28689,28691,28692,28693,28695,28702,28709,28719,28720,28721,28732],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":26639,"depth":103,"text":28690},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":27123,"depth":103,"text":28694},"When to use pop()",{"id":27310,"depth":103,"text":28696,"children":28697},"pop() vs del",[28698,28700],{"id":27325,"depth":129,"text":28699},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27428,"depth":129,"text":28701},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27531,"depth":103,"text":28703,"children":28704},"How to avoid KeyError",[28705,28706,28707],{"id":27540,"depth":129,"text":27541},{"id":27636,"depth":129,"text":27637},{"id":27744,"depth":129,"text":28708},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":28710},[28711,28713,28715,28717],{"id":27854,"depth":129,"text":28712},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27987,"depth":129,"text":28714},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28092,"depth":129,"text":28716},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28209,"depth":129,"text":28718},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28310,"depth":103,"text":28311},{"id":9188,"depth":103,"text":9189},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":28722},[28723,28725,28726,28728,28730],{"id":28586,"depth":129,"text":28724},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28596,"depth":129,"text":28597},{"id":28610,"depth":129,"text":28727},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28618,"depth":129,"text":28729},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28635,"depth":129,"text":28731},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26460,"description":28733},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28740,"title":28664,"body":28741,"description":30681,"extension":2300,"meta":30682,"navigation":132,"path":30683,"seo":30684,"stem":30685,"__hash__":30686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28742,"toc":30645},[28743,28748,28753,28756,28764,28774,28776,28865,28869,28918,28923,28928,28932,28948,28951,28953,28968,28970,28986,28993,28997,29003,29012,29014,29083,29087,29108,29111,29130,29133,29156,29158,29161,29276,29280,29339,29346,29350,29356,29481,29485,29535,29538,29542,29549,29551,29614,29618,29639,29642,29651,29666,29674,29681,29685,29697,29701,29712,29714,29860,29864,29923,29930,29935,29939,29945,29968,29973,29992,29996,30067,30074,30147,30156,30161,30166,30177,30180,30317,30322,30354,30359,30361,30365,30425,30428,30485,30488,30531,30533,30538,30544,30550,30553,30560,30568,30573,30576,30583,30591,30593,30642],[10,28744,11625,28746,11629],{"id":28745},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,28747,13077],{},[14,28749,2317,28750,28752],{},[18,28751,13077],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28754,28755],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[29,28757,28758,28761],{},[32,28759,28760],{},"remove an item",[32,28762,28763],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28765,28766,28767,28769,28770,28773],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,28768,13077],{}," removes the ",[1217,28771,28772],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[49,28775,52],{"id":51},[54,28777,28779],{"className":56,"code":28778,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,28780,28781,28825,28841,28845,28855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28782,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28784,2097],{"class":69},[63,28786,74],{"class":73},[63,28788,811],{"class":81},[63,28790,117],{"class":116},[63,28792,196],{"class":120},[63,28794,117],{"class":116},[63,28796,821],{"class":81},[63,28798,692],{"class":85},[63,28800,89],{"class":81},[63,28802,824],{"class":116},[63,28804,206],{"class":120},[63,28806,117],{"class":116},[63,28808,821],{"class":81},[63,28810,92],{"class":85},[63,28812,89],{"class":81},[63,28814,824],{"class":116},[63,28816,215],{"class":120},[63,28818,117],{"class":116},[63,28820,821],{"class":81},[63,28822,97],{"class":85},[63,28824,846],{"class":81},[63,28826,28827,28830,28832,28834,28836,28839],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28828,28829],{"class":69},"item ",[63,28831,74],{"class":73},[63,28833,14862],{"class":69},[63,28835,259],{"class":81},[63,28837,28838],{"class":145},"popitem",[63,28840,279],{"class":81},[63,28842,28843],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,28844,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,28846,28847,28849,28851,28853],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,28848,140],{"class":139},[63,28850,113],{"class":81},[63,28852,23603],{"class":145},[63,28854,126],{"class":81},[63,28856,28857,28859,28861,28863],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,28858,140],{"class":139},[63,28860,113],{"class":81},[63,28862,2138],{"class":145},[63,28864,126],{"class":81},[14,28866,28867],{},[1217,28868,163],{},[54,28870,28872],{"className":56,"code":28871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28873,28874,28890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28875,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28877,113],{"class":81},[63,28879,193],{"class":116},[63,28881,215],{"class":120},[63,28883,193],{"class":116},[63,28885,89],{"class":81},[63,28887,97],{"class":85},[63,28889,126],{"class":81},[63,28891,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,28893,9588],{"class":81},[63,28895,193],{"class":116},[63,28897,196],{"class":120},[63,28899,193],{"class":116},[63,28901,821],{"class":81},[63,28903,692],{"class":85},[63,28905,89],{"class":81},[63,28907,203],{"class":116},[63,28909,206],{"class":120},[63,28911,193],{"class":116},[63,28913,821],{"class":81},[63,28915,92],{"class":85},[63,28917,846],{"class":81},[14,28919,28920,28922],{},[18,28921,13077],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[49,28924,4014,28926,4017],{"id":28925},"what-popitem-does",[18,28927,13077],{},[14,28929,28930,821],{},[18,28931,13077],{},[29,28933,28934,28937,28942,28945],{},[32,28935,28936],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[32,28938,28939,28940],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28941,21950],{},[32,28943,28944],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[32,28946,28947],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28949,28950],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[49,28952,263],{"id":262},[54,28954,28956],{"className":56,"code":28955,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28957,28958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,28959,28960,28962,28964,28966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,28961,15901],{"class":69},[63,28963,259],{"class":81},[63,28965,28838],{"class":145},[63,28967,279],{"class":81},[14,28969,11766],{},[29,28971,28972,28980,28983],{},[32,28973,28974,28976,28977],{},[18,28975,13077],{}," takes ",[1217,28978,28979],{},"no arguments",[32,28981,28982],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[32,28984,28985],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28987,28988,28989,6951],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[196,28990,28991],{"href":12873},[18,28992,13070],{},[49,28994,28996],{"id":28995},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28998,28999,29000,29002],{},"The value returned by ",[18,29001,13077],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29004,29005,29006,29009],"ol",{},[32,29007,29008],{},"the key",[32,29010,29011],{},"the value",[14,29013,2543],{},[54,29015,29017],{"className":56,"code":29016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,29018,29019,29055,29069,29073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29020,29021,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29022,806],{"class":69},[63,29024,74],{"class":73},[63,29026,811],{"class":81},[63,29028,117],{"class":116},[63,29030,816],{"class":120},[63,29032,117],{"class":116},[63,29034,821],{"class":81},[63,29036,824],{"class":116},[63,29038,5334],{"class":120},[63,29040,117],{"class":116},[63,29042,89],{"class":81},[63,29044,824],{"class":116},[63,29046,836],{"class":120},[63,29048,117],{"class":116},[63,29050,821],{"class":81},[63,29052,843],{"class":85},[63,29054,846],{"class":81},[63,29056,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29058,851],{"class":69},[63,29060,74],{"class":73},[63,29062,13552],{"class":69},[63,29064,259],{"class":81},[63,29066,28838],{"class":145},[63,29068,279],{"class":81},[63,29070,29071],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29072,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29074,29075,29077,29079,29081],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,29076,140],{"class":139},[63,29078,113],{"class":81},[63,29080,875],{"class":145},[63,29082,126],{"class":81},[14,29084,29085],{},[1217,29086,163],{},[54,29088,29090],{"className":56,"code":29089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('age', 25)\n",[18,29091,29092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29093,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29095,113],{"class":81},[63,29097,193],{"class":116},[63,29099,836],{"class":120},[63,29101,193],{"class":116},[63,29103,89],{"class":81},[63,29105,843],{"class":85},[63,29107,126],{"class":81},[14,29109,29110],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[54,29112,29114],{"className":56,"code":29113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,29115,29116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29117,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29119,851],{"class":69},[63,29121,74],{"class":73},[63,29123,13552],{"class":69},[63,29125,259],{"class":81},[63,29127,28838],{"class":145},[63,29129,279],{"class":81},[14,29131,29132],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[54,29134,29136],{"className":56,"code":29135,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,29137,29138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29139,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29141,15137],{"class":69},[63,29143,89],{"class":81},[63,29145,21879],{"class":69},[63,29147,74],{"class":73},[63,29149,13552],{"class":69},[63,29151,259],{"class":81},[63,29153,28838],{"class":145},[63,29155,279],{"class":81},[49,29157,11783],{"id":11782},[14,29159,29160],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[54,29162,29164],{"className":56,"code":29163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,29165,29166,29214,29218,29233,29237,29257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29167,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29198,29200,29202,29205,29207,29209,29212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29169,1781],{"class":69},[63,29171,74],{"class":73},[63,29173,811],{"class":81},[63,29175,117],{"class":116},[63,29177,29178],{"class":120},"Tom",[63,29180,117],{"class":116},[63,29182,821],{"class":81},[63,29184,5404],{"class":85},[63,29186,89],{"class":81},[63,29188,824],{"class":116},[63,29190,827],{"class":120},[63,29192,117],{"class":116},[63,29194,821],{"class":81},[63,29196,29197],{"class":85}," 95",[63,29199,89],{"class":81},[63,29201,824],{"class":116},[63,29203,29204],{"class":120},"Leo",[63,29206,117],{"class":116},[63,29208,821],{"class":81},[63,29210,29211],{"class":85}," 88",[63,29213,846],{"class":81},[63,29215,29216],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29217,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29219,29220,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29221,29222],{"class":69},"removed_pair ",[63,29224,74],{"class":73},[63,29226,1823],{"class":69},[63,29228,259],{"class":81},[63,29230,28838],{"class":145},[63,29232,279],{"class":81},[63,29234,29235],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,29236,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29238,29239,29241,29243,29245,29248,29250,29252,29255],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,29240,140],{"class":139},[63,29242,113],{"class":81},[63,29244,117],{"class":116},[63,29246,29247],{"class":120},"Removed:",[63,29249,117],{"class":116},[63,29251,89],{"class":81},[63,29253,29254],{"class":145}," removed_pair",[63,29256,126],{"class":81},[63,29258,29259,29261,29263,29265,29268,29270,29272,29274],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,29260,140],{"class":139},[63,29262,113],{"class":81},[63,29264,117],{"class":116},[63,29266,29267],{"class":120},"After removal:",[63,29269,117],{"class":116},[63,29271,89],{"class":81},[63,29273,1823],{"class":145},[63,29275,126],{"class":81},[14,29277,29278],{},[1217,29279,163],{},[54,29281,29283],{"className":56,"code":29282,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,29284,29285,29306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29286,29287,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29288,29289],{"class":69},"Removed",[63,29291,821],{"class":81},[63,29293,1687],{"class":81},[63,29295,193],{"class":116},[63,29297,29204],{"class":120},[63,29299,193],{"class":116},[63,29301,89],{"class":81},[63,29303,29211],{"class":85},[63,29305,126],{"class":81},[63,29307,29308,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29309,29310],{"class":69},"After removal",[63,29312,821],{"class":81},[63,29314,811],{"class":81},[63,29316,193],{"class":116},[63,29318,29178],{"class":120},[63,29320,193],{"class":116},[63,29322,821],{"class":81},[63,29324,5404],{"class":85},[63,29326,89],{"class":81},[63,29328,203],{"class":116},[63,29330,827],{"class":120},[63,29332,193],{"class":116},[63,29334,821],{"class":81},[63,29336,29197],{"class":85},[63,29338,846],{"class":81},[14,29340,29341,29342,29345],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,29343,29344],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[49,29347,29349],{"id":29348},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29351,29352,29353,29355],{},"Because ",[18,29354,13077],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[54,29357,29359],{"className":56,"code":29358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,29360,29361,29397,29401,29420,29424,29443,29462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29362,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29364,15744],{"class":69},[63,29366,74],{"class":73},[63,29368,811],{"class":81},[63,29370,117],{"class":116},[63,29372,15755],{"class":120},[63,29374,117],{"class":116},[63,29376,821],{"class":81},[63,29378,824],{"class":116},[63,29380,15764],{"class":120},[63,29382,117],{"class":116},[63,29384,89],{"class":81},[63,29386,824],{"class":116},[63,29388,15775],{"class":120},[63,29390,117],{"class":116},[63,29392,821],{"class":81},[63,29394,27197],{"class":85},[63,29396,846],{"class":81},[63,29398,29399],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29400,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29402,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29414,29416,29418],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29404,15137],{"class":69},[63,29406,89],{"class":81},[63,29408,21879],{"class":69},[63,29410,74],{"class":73},[63,29412,29413],{"class":69}," book",[63,29415,259],{"class":81},[63,29417,28838],{"class":145},[63,29419,279],{"class":81},[63,29421,29422],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,29423,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29425,29426,29428,29430,29432,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,29427,140],{"class":139},[63,29429,113],{"class":81},[63,29431,117],{"class":116},[63,29433,29434],{"class":120},"Key:",[63,29436,117],{"class":116},[63,29438,89],{"class":81},[63,29440,21874],{"class":145},[63,29442,126],{"class":81},[63,29444,29445,29447,29449,29451,29454,29456,29458,29460],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,29446,140],{"class":139},[63,29448,113],{"class":81},[63,29450,117],{"class":116},[63,29452,29453],{"class":120},"Value:",[63,29455,117],{"class":116},[63,29457,89],{"class":81},[63,29459,8749],{"class":145},[63,29461,126],{"class":81},[63,29463,29464,29466,29468,29470,29473,29475,29477,29479],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,29465,140],{"class":139},[63,29467,113],{"class":81},[63,29469,117],{"class":116},[63,29471,29472],{"class":120},"Dictionary:",[63,29474,117],{"class":116},[63,29476,89],{"class":81},[63,29478,29413],{"class":145},[63,29480,126],{"class":81},[14,29482,29483],{},[1217,29484,163],{},[54,29486,29488],{"className":56,"code":29487,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,29489,29490,29500,29510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29491,29492,29495,29497],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29493,29494],{"class":69},"Key",[63,29496,821],{"class":81},[63,29498,29499],{"class":69}," pages\n",[63,29501,29502,29505,29507],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29503,29504],{"class":69},"Value",[63,29506,821],{"class":81},[63,29508,29509],{"class":85}," 200\n",[63,29511,29512,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29513,29514],{"class":69},"Dictionary",[63,29516,821],{"class":81},[63,29518,811],{"class":81},[63,29520,193],{"class":116},[63,29522,15755],{"class":120},[63,29524,193],{"class":116},[63,29526,821],{"class":81},[63,29528,203],{"class":116},[63,29530,15764],{"class":120},[63,29532,193],{"class":116},[63,29534,846],{"class":81},[14,29536,29537],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[49,29539,29541],{"id":29540},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29543,29544,29545,28769,29547,259],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,29546,13077],{},[1217,29548,28772],{},[14,29550,2543],{},[54,29552,29554],{"className":56,"code":29553,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,29555,29556,29600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29557,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29559,2097],{"class":69},[63,29561,74],{"class":73},[63,29563,811],{"class":81},[63,29565,117],{"class":116},[63,29567,2509],{"class":120},[63,29569,117],{"class":116},[63,29571,821],{"class":81},[63,29573,692],{"class":85},[63,29575,89],{"class":81},[63,29577,824],{"class":116},[63,29579,12054],{"class":120},[63,29581,117],{"class":116},[63,29583,821],{"class":81},[63,29585,92],{"class":85},[63,29587,89],{"class":81},[63,29589,824],{"class":116},[63,29591,22371],{"class":120},[63,29593,117],{"class":116},[63,29595,821],{"class":81},[63,29597,97],{"class":85},[63,29599,846],{"class":81},[63,29601,29602,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29603,140],{"class":139},[63,29605,113],{"class":81},[63,29607,2138],{"class":145},[63,29609,259],{"class":81},[63,29611,28838],{"class":145},[63,29613,7515],{"class":81},[14,29615,29616],{},[1217,29617,163],{},[54,29619,29621],{"className":56,"code":29620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('z', 3)\n",[18,29622,29623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29624,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29626,113],{"class":81},[63,29628,193],{"class":116},[63,29630,22371],{"class":120},[63,29632,193],{"class":116},[63,29634,89],{"class":81},[63,29636,97],{"class":85},[63,29638,126],{"class":81},[14,29640,29641],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29643,29644,29645,29647,29648,29650],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1217,29646,4961],{}," think of ",[18,29649,13077],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29652,29653,29654,2524,29658,17369,29662,259],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[196,29655,29656],{"href":17372},[18,29657,17375],{},[196,29659,29660],{"href":17359},[18,29661,17362],{},[196,29663,29664],{"href":17365},[18,29665,17368],{},[49,29667,29669,29670,4726,29672],{"id":29668},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,29671,13077],{},[18,29673,13070],{},[14,29675,29676,4726,29678,29680],{},[18,29677,13077],{},[18,29679,13070],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[486,29682,29683],{"id":28838},[18,29684,13077],{},[29,29686,29687,29690,29693],{},[32,29688,29689],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[32,29691,29692],{},"does not need a key argument",[32,29694,4029,29695],{},[18,29696,21950],{},[486,29698,29699],{"id":26532},[18,29700,13070],{},[29,29702,29703,29706,29709],{},[32,29704,29705],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[32,29707,29708],{},"needs the key name",[32,29710,29711],{},"returns only the value",[14,29713,2543],{},[54,29715,29717],{"className":56,"code":29716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,29718,29719,29763,29767,29781,29801,29805,29827,29846,29850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29720,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29722,2097],{"class":69},[63,29724,74],{"class":73},[63,29726,811],{"class":81},[63,29728,117],{"class":116},[63,29730,196],{"class":120},[63,29732,117],{"class":116},[63,29734,821],{"class":81},[63,29736,692],{"class":85},[63,29738,89],{"class":81},[63,29740,824],{"class":116},[63,29742,206],{"class":120},[63,29744,117],{"class":116},[63,29746,821],{"class":81},[63,29748,92],{"class":85},[63,29750,89],{"class":81},[63,29752,824],{"class":116},[63,29754,215],{"class":120},[63,29756,117],{"class":116},[63,29758,821],{"class":81},[63,29760,97],{"class":85},[63,29762,846],{"class":81},[63,29764,29765],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29766,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29768,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29770,28829],{"class":69},[63,29772,74],{"class":73},[63,29774,14862],{"class":69},[63,29776,259],{"class":81},[63,29778,28838],{"class":145},[63,29780,279],{"class":81},[63,29782,29783,29785,29787,29789,29792,29794,29796,29799],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,29784,140],{"class":139},[63,29786,113],{"class":81},[63,29788,117],{"class":116},[63,29790,29791],{"class":120},"popitem():",[63,29793,117],{"class":116},[63,29795,89],{"class":81},[63,29797,29798],{"class":145}," item",[63,29800,126],{"class":81},[63,29802,29803],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,29804,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29806,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821,29823,29825],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,29808,2782],{"class":69},[63,29810,74],{"class":73},[63,29812,14862],{"class":69},[63,29814,259],{"class":81},[63,29816,26532],{"class":145},[63,29818,113],{"class":81},[63,29820,117],{"class":116},[63,29822,196],{"class":120},[63,29824,117],{"class":116},[63,29826,126],{"class":81},[63,29828,29829,29831,29833,29835,29838,29840,29842,29844],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,29830,140],{"class":139},[63,29832,113],{"class":81},[63,29834,117],{"class":116},[63,29836,29837],{"class":120},"pop('a'):",[63,29839,117],{"class":116},[63,29841,89],{"class":81},[63,29843,8749],{"class":145},[63,29845,126],{"class":81},[63,29847,29848],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,29849,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,29851,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,29853,140],{"class":139},[63,29855,113],{"class":81},[63,29857,2138],{"class":145},[63,29859,126],{"class":81},[14,29861,29862],{},[1217,29863,163],{},[54,29865,29867],{"className":56,"code":29866,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29868,29869,29890,29907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29870,29871,29873,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884,29886,29888],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29872,28838],{"class":145},[63,29874,29875],{"class":81},"():",[63,29877,1687],{"class":81},[63,29879,193],{"class":116},[63,29881,215],{"class":120},[63,29883,193],{"class":116},[63,29885,89],{"class":81},[63,29887,97],{"class":85},[63,29889,126],{"class":81},[63,29891,29892,29894,29896,29898,29900,29902,29904],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29893,26532],{"class":145},[63,29895,113],{"class":81},[63,29897,193],{"class":116},[63,29899,196],{"class":120},[63,29901,193],{"class":116},[63,29903,16749],{"class":81},[63,29905,29906],{"class":85}," 1\n",[63,29908,29909,29911,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,29910,9588],{"class":81},[63,29912,193],{"class":116},[63,29914,206],{"class":120},[63,29916,193],{"class":116},[63,29918,821],{"class":81},[63,29920,92],{"class":85},[63,29922,846],{"class":81},[14,29924,222,29925,29929],{},[196,29926,29927],{"href":12873},[18,29928,13070],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29931,222,29932,29934],{},[18,29933,13077],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[49,29936,29938],{"id":29937},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29940,29941,29942,29944],{},"Calling ",[18,29943,13077],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[54,29946,29948],{"className":56,"code":29947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29949,29950,29958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29951,29952,29954,29956],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29953,2097],{"class":69},[63,29955,74],{"class":73},[63,29957,10145],{"class":81},[63,29959,29960,29962,29964,29966],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,29961,2138],{"class":69},[63,29963,259],{"class":81},[63,29965,28838],{"class":145},[63,29967,279],{"class":81},[14,29969,29970],{},[1217,29971,29972],{},"Error:",[54,29974,29976],{"className":56,"code":29975,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29977,29978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,29979,29980,29982,29984,29986,29989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,29981,19983],{"class":77},[63,29983,821],{"class":81},[63,29985,203],{"class":116},[63,29987,29988],{"class":120},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[63,29990,29991],{"class":116},"'\n",[486,29993,29995],{"id":29994},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[54,29997,29999],{"className":56,"code":29998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,30000,30001,30009,30013,30021,30036,30046,30052],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30002,30003,30005,30007],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30004,2097],{"class":69},[63,30006,74],{"class":73},[63,30008,10145],{"class":81},[63,30010,30011],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30012,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,30014,30015,30017,30019],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30016,7318],{"class":1155},[63,30018,14862],{"class":69},[63,30020,6713],{"class":81},[63,30022,30023,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,30024,30025],{"class":69},"    item ",[63,30027,74],{"class":73},[63,30029,14862],{"class":69},[63,30031,259],{"class":81},[63,30033,28838],{"class":145},[63,30035,279],{"class":81},[63,30037,30038,30040,30042,30044],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,30039,8386],{"class":139},[63,30041,113],{"class":81},[63,30043,23603],{"class":145},[63,30045,126],{"class":81},[63,30047,30048,30050],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,30049,27724],{"class":1155},[63,30051,6713],{"class":81},[63,30053,30054,30056,30058,30060,30063,30065],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,30055,8386],{"class":139},[63,30057,113],{"class":81},[63,30059,117],{"class":116},[63,30061,30062],{"class":120},"Dictionary is empty",[63,30064,117],{"class":116},[63,30066,126],{"class":81},[486,30068,30070,30071],{"id":30069},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,30072,30073],{},"try-except",[54,30075,30077],{"className":56,"code":30076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,30078,30079,30087,30091,30098,30112,30122,30132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30080,30081,30083,30085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30082,2097],{"class":69},[63,30084,74],{"class":73},[63,30086,10145],{"class":81},[63,30088,30089],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30090,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,30092,30093,30096],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30094,30095],{"class":1155},"try",[63,30097,6713],{"class":81},[63,30099,30100,30102,30104,30106,30108,30110],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,30101,30025],{"class":69},[63,30103,74],{"class":73},[63,30105,14862],{"class":69},[63,30107,259],{"class":81},[63,30109,28838],{"class":145},[63,30111,279],{"class":81},[63,30113,30114,30116,30118,30120],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,30115,8386],{"class":139},[63,30117,113],{"class":81},[63,30119,23603],{"class":145},[63,30121,126],{"class":81},[63,30123,30124,30127,30130],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,30125,30126],{"class":1155},"except",[63,30128,30129],{"class":77}," KeyError",[63,30131,6713],{"class":81},[63,30133,30134,30136,30138,30140,30143,30145],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,30135,8386],{"class":139},[63,30137,113],{"class":81},[63,30139,117],{"class":116},[63,30141,30142],{"class":120},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[63,30144,117],{"class":116},[63,30146,126],{"class":81},[14,30148,30149,30150,259],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[196,30151,25970,30153],{"href":30152},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,30154,30155],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,30157,5292,30159],{"id":30158},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,30160,13077],{},[14,30162,30163,30165],{},[18,30164,13077],{}," is useful when:",[29,30167,30168,30171,30174],{},[32,30169,30170],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[32,30172,30173],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[32,30175,30176],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30178,30179],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[54,30181,30183],{"className":56,"code":30182,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,30184,30185,30194,30214,30234,30252,30256,30260,30270,30289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30186,30187,30190,30192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30188,30189],{"class":69},"tasks ",[63,30191,74],{"class":73},[63,30193,11801],{"class":81},[63,30195,30196,30198,30201,30203,30205,30207,30210,30212],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30197,11806],{"class":116},[63,30199,30200],{"class":120},"first",[63,30202,117],{"class":116},[63,30204,821],{"class":81},[63,30206,824],{"class":116},[63,30208,30209],{"class":120},"wash dishes",[63,30211,117],{"class":116},[63,30213,11822],{"class":81},[63,30215,30216,30218,30221,30223,30225,30227,30230,30232],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30217,11806],{"class":116},[63,30219,30220],{"class":120},"second",[63,30222,117],{"class":116},[63,30224,821],{"class":81},[63,30226,824],{"class":116},[63,30228,30229],{"class":120},"do homework",[63,30231,117],{"class":116},[63,30233,11822],{"class":81},[63,30235,30236,30238,30241,30243,30245,30247,30250],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,30237,11806],{"class":116},[63,30239,30240],{"class":120},"third",[63,30242,117],{"class":116},[63,30244,821],{"class":81},[63,30246,824],{"class":116},[63,30248,30249],{"class":120},"read book",[63,30251,3694],{"class":116},[63,30253,30254],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,30255,846],{"class":81},[63,30257,30258],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,30259,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,30261,30262,30265,30268],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,30263,30264],{"class":1155},"while",[63,30266,30267],{"class":69}," tasks",[63,30269,6713],{"class":81},[63,30271,30272,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,30273,30274],{"class":69},"    key",[63,30276,89],{"class":81},[63,30278,21879],{"class":69},[63,30280,74],{"class":73},[63,30282,30267],{"class":69},[63,30284,259],{"class":81},[63,30286,28838],{"class":145},[63,30288,279],{"class":81},[63,30290,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,30292,8386],{"class":139},[63,30294,113],{"class":81},[63,30296,22587],{"class":2402},[63,30298,117],{"class":120},[63,30300,9588],{"class":85},[63,30302,15137],{"class":145},[63,30304,22596],{"class":85},[63,30306,22599],{"class":120},[63,30308,9588],{"class":85},[63,30310,2807],{"class":145},[63,30312,22596],{"class":85},[63,30314,117],{"class":120},[63,30316,126],{"class":81},[14,30318,30319],{},[1217,30320,30321],{},"Possible output:",[54,30323,30325],{"className":56,"code":30324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,30326,30327,30336,30345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30328,30329,30331,30333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30330,30240],{"class":69},[63,30332,821],{"class":81},[63,30334,30335],{"class":69}," read book\n",[63,30337,30338,30340,30342],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30339,30220],{"class":69},[63,30341,821],{"class":81},[63,30343,30344],{"class":69}," do homework\n",[63,30346,30347,30349,30351],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30348,30200],{"class":69},[63,30350,821],{"class":81},[63,30352,30353],{"class":69}," wash dishes\n",[14,30355,29352,30356,30358],{},[18,30357,13077],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[49,30360,3167],{"id":3166},[14,30362,15029,30363,821],{},[18,30364,13077],{},[29,30366,30367,30381,30400,30411],{},[32,30368,30369,30374],{},[1217,30370,29941,30371,30373],{},[18,30372,13077],{}," on an empty dictionary",[29,30375,30376],{},[32,30377,30378,30379,259],{},"This raises ",[18,30380,19983],{},[32,30382,30383,30388],{},[1217,30384,8769,30385,30387],{},[18,30386,13077],{}," to remove a specific key",[29,30389,30390,30393],{},[32,30391,30392],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[32,30394,222,30395,30399],{},[196,30396,30397],{"href":12873},[18,30398,13070],{}," if you need that.",[32,30401,30402,30406],{},[1217,30403,5035,30404,27990],{},[18,30405,13077],{},[29,30407,30408],{},[32,30409,30410],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[32,30412,30413,30416],{},[1217,30414,30415],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[29,30417,30418],{},[32,30419,30420,22269,30422,30424],{},[18,30421,13077],{},[18,30423,21950],{}," tuple.",[14,30426,30427],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[54,30429,30431],{"className":56,"code":30430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,30432,30433,30443,30457,30461,30475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30434,30435,30437,30439,30441],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30436,140],{"class":139},[63,30438,113],{"class":81},[63,30440,11757],{"class":145},[63,30442,126],{"class":81},[63,30444,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30446,140],{"class":139},[63,30448,113],{"class":81},[63,30450,11468],{"class":139},[63,30452,113],{"class":81},[63,30454,11757],{"class":145},[63,30456,100],{"class":81},[63,30458,30459],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30460,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,30462,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,30464,28829],{"class":69},[63,30466,74],{"class":73},[63,30468,12075],{"class":69},[63,30470,259],{"class":81},[63,30472,28838],{"class":145},[63,30474,279],{"class":81},[63,30476,30477,30479,30481,30483],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,30478,140],{"class":139},[63,30480,113],{"class":81},[63,30482,23603],{"class":145},[63,30484,126],{"class":81},[14,30486,30487],{},"Or with unpacking:",[54,30489,30491],{"className":56,"code":30490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,30492,30493,30511,30521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30494,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30496,15137],{"class":69},[63,30498,89],{"class":81},[63,30500,21879],{"class":69},[63,30502,74],{"class":73},[63,30504,12075],{"class":69},[63,30506,259],{"class":81},[63,30508,28838],{"class":145},[63,30510,279],{"class":81},[63,30512,30513,30515,30517,30519],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30514,140],{"class":139},[63,30516,113],{"class":81},[63,30518,15137],{"class":145},[63,30520,126],{"class":81},[63,30522,30523,30525,30527,30529],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30524,140],{"class":139},[63,30526,113],{"class":81},[63,30528,2807],{"class":145},[63,30530,126],{"class":81},[49,30532,2165],{"id":2164},[486,30534,5469,30536,5472],{"id":30535},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,30537,13077],{},[14,30539,30540,30541,259],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,30542,30543],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[486,30545,13011,30547,30549],{"id":30546},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,30548,13077],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30551,30552],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[486,30554,30556,30557,30559],{"id":30555},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,30558,13077],{}," removes?",[14,30561,30562,30563,30567],{},"No. Use ",[196,30564,30565],{"href":12873},[18,30566,13070],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[486,30569,13011,30571,15192],{"id":30570},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,30572,13077],{},[14,30574,30575],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[486,30577,30579,30580,30582],{"id":30578},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,30581,13077],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30584,30585,30586,30588,30589,259],{},"It raises ",[18,30587,19983],{}," with the message ",[18,30590,29988],{},[49,30592,2219],{"id":2218},[29,30594,30595,30602,30608,30614,30620,30627,30631,30635],{},[32,30596,30597],{},[196,30598,30599,30601],{"href":12873},[18,30600,13070],{}," method for dictionaries",[32,30603,30604],{},[196,30605,30606,30601],{"href":17372},[18,30607,17375],{},[32,30609,30610],{},[196,30611,30612,30601],{"href":17359},[18,30613,17362],{},[32,30615,30616],{},[196,30617,30618,30601],{"href":17365},[18,30619,17368],{},[32,30621,30622],{},[196,30623,30625,30601],{"href":30624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,30626,11628],{},[32,30628,30629],{},[196,30630,13094],{"href":12880},[32,30632,30633],{},[196,30634,21752],{"href":16894},[32,30636,30637],{},[196,30638,30639,30640],{"href":30152},"Fix ",[18,30641,30155],{},[2259,30643,30644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":30646},[30647,30648,30650,30651,30652,30653,30654,30655,30660,30665,30667,30668,30680],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":28925,"depth":103,"text":30649},"What popitem() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":28995,"depth":103,"text":28996},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":29348,"depth":103,"text":29349},{"id":29540,"depth":103,"text":29541},{"id":29668,"depth":103,"text":30656,"children":30657},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30658,30659],{"id":28838,"depth":129,"text":13077},{"id":26532,"depth":129,"text":13070},{"id":29937,"depth":103,"text":29938,"children":30661},[30662,30663],{"id":29994,"depth":129,"text":29995},{"id":30069,"depth":129,"text":30664},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30158,"depth":103,"text":30666},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":30669},[30670,30672,30674,30676,30678],{"id":30535,"depth":129,"text":30671},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30546,"depth":129,"text":30673},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30555,"depth":129,"text":30675},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30570,"depth":129,"text":30677},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30578,"depth":129,"text":30679},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28664,"description":30681},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30688,"title":30689,"body":30690,"description":32592,"extension":2300,"meta":32593,"navigation":132,"path":14331,"seo":32594,"stem":32595,"__hash__":32596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30691,"toc":32564},[30692,30697,30702,30705,30707,30803,30808,30813,30818,30821,30829,30832,30847,30849,30949,30951,31008,31012,31014,31017,31037,31042,31053,31056,31083,31086,31088,31145,31147,31168,31174,31179,31182,31193,31195,31303,31305,31358,31360,31372,31379,31385,31390,31393,31481,31483,31528,31531,31539,31542,31545,31614,31617,31620,31624,31627,31698,31700,31753,31756,31759,31762,31777,31780,31792,31795,31858,31860,31866,31868,31870,31949,31951,31992,31994,32059,32061,32098,32103,32108,32112,32126,32129,32252,32254,32339,32344,32346,32350,32372,32375,32455,32458,32477,32482,32484,32490,32495,32501,32504,32510,32513,32519,32524,32530,32536,32538,32561],[10,30693,11625,30695,11629],{"id":30694},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,30696,15250],{},[14,30698,2317,30699,30701],{},[18,30700,15250],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30703,30704],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[49,30706,52],{"id":51},[54,30708,30710],{"className":56,"code":30709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,30711,30712,30748,30788,30798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30713,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30715,806],{"class":69},[63,30717,74],{"class":73},[63,30719,811],{"class":81},[63,30721,117],{"class":116},[63,30723,816],{"class":120},[63,30725,117],{"class":116},[63,30727,821],{"class":81},[63,30729,824],{"class":116},[63,30731,827],{"class":120},[63,30733,117],{"class":116},[63,30735,89],{"class":81},[63,30737,824],{"class":116},[63,30739,836],{"class":120},[63,30741,117],{"class":116},[63,30743,821],{"class":81},[63,30745,746],{"class":85},[63,30747,846],{"class":81},[63,30749,30750,30752,30754,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30751,860],{"class":69},[63,30753,259],{"class":81},[63,30755,30756],{"class":145},"update",[63,30758,738],{"class":81},[63,30760,117],{"class":116},[63,30762,836],{"class":120},[63,30764,117],{"class":116},[63,30766,821],{"class":81},[63,30768,30769],{"class":85}," 21",[63,30771,89],{"class":81},[63,30773,824],{"class":116},[63,30775,10715],{"class":120},[63,30777,117],{"class":116},[63,30779,821],{"class":81},[63,30781,824],{"class":116},[63,30783,16328],{"class":120},[63,30785,117],{"class":116},[63,30787,754],{"class":81},[63,30789,30790,30792,30794,30796],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30791,140],{"class":139},[63,30793,113],{"class":81},[63,30795,860],{"class":145},[63,30797,126],{"class":81},[63,30799,30800],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,30801,30802],{"class":1910},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30804,222,30805,30807],{},[18,30806,15250],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[49,30809,4014,30811,4017],{"id":30810},"what-update-does",[18,30812,15250],{},[14,30814,30815,30817],{},[18,30816,15250],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30819,30820],{},"It can do two main things:",[29,30822,30823,30826],{},[32,30824,30825],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[32,30827,30828],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30830,30831],{},"Important things to know:",[29,30833,30834,30837,30840,30844],{},[32,30835,30836],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[32,30838,30839],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[32,30841,5475,30842],{},[18,30843,4115],{},[32,30845,30846],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30848,2543],{},[54,30850,30852],{"className":56,"code":30851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30853,30854,30896,30939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30855,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30892,30894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30857,1412],{"class":69},[63,30859,74],{"class":73},[63,30861,811],{"class":81},[63,30863,117],{"class":116},[63,30865,816],{"class":120},[63,30867,117],{"class":116},[63,30869,821],{"class":81},[63,30871,824],{"class":116},[63,30873,30874],{"class":120},"Mira",[63,30876,117],{"class":116},[63,30878,89],{"class":81},[63,30880,824],{"class":116},[63,30882,1438],{"class":120},[63,30884,117],{"class":116},[63,30886,821],{"class":81},[63,30888,824],{"class":116},[63,30890,30891],{"class":120},"B",[63,30893,117],{"class":116},[63,30895,846],{"class":81},[63,30897,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30935,30937],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,30899,1464],{"class":69},[63,30901,259],{"class":81},[63,30903,30756],{"class":145},[63,30905,738],{"class":81},[63,30907,117],{"class":116},[63,30909,1438],{"class":120},[63,30911,117],{"class":116},[63,30913,821],{"class":81},[63,30915,824],{"class":116},[63,30917,1447],{"class":120},[63,30919,117],{"class":116},[63,30921,89],{"class":81},[63,30923,824],{"class":116},[63,30925,10715],{"class":120},[63,30927,117],{"class":116},[63,30929,821],{"class":81},[63,30931,824],{"class":116},[63,30933,30934],{"class":120},"Quito",[63,30936,117],{"class":116},[63,30938,754],{"class":81},[63,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,30942,140],{"class":139},[63,30944,113],{"class":81},[63,30946,1464],{"class":145},[63,30948,126],{"class":81},[14,30950,163],{},[54,30952,30954],{"className":56,"code":30953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30955,30956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,30959,9588],{"class":81},[63,30961,193],{"class":116},[63,30963,816],{"class":120},[63,30965,193],{"class":116},[63,30967,821],{"class":81},[63,30969,203],{"class":116},[63,30971,30874],{"class":120},[63,30973,193],{"class":116},[63,30975,89],{"class":81},[63,30977,203],{"class":116},[63,30979,1438],{"class":120},[63,30981,193],{"class":116},[63,30983,821],{"class":81},[63,30985,203],{"class":116},[63,30987,1447],{"class":120},[63,30989,193],{"class":116},[63,30991,89],{"class":81},[63,30993,203],{"class":116},[63,30995,10715],{"class":120},[63,30997,193],{"class":116},[63,30999,821],{"class":81},[63,31001,203],{"class":116},[63,31003,30934],{"class":120},[63,31005,193],{"class":116},[63,31007,846],{"class":81},[14,31009,9468,31010,259],{},[196,31011,24920],{"href":9698},[49,31013,263],{"id":262},[14,31015,31016],{},"The basic form is:",[54,31018,31020],{"className":56,"code":31019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,31021,31022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31023,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31025,15901],{"class":69},[63,31027,259],{"class":81},[63,31029,30756],{"class":145},[63,31031,113],{"class":81},[63,31033,31034],{"class":145},"other",[63,31036,126],{"class":81},[14,31038,31039,31041],{},[18,31040,31034],{}," can be:",[29,31043,31044,31047,31050],{},[32,31045,31046],{},"Another dictionary",[32,31048,31049],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[32,31051,31052],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,31054,31055],{},"You can also use:",[54,31057,31059],{"className":56,"code":31058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,31060,31061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31064,15901],{"class":69},[63,31066,259],{"class":81},[63,31068,30756],{"class":145},[63,31070,113],{"class":81},[63,31072,816],{"class":9491},[63,31074,74],{"class":73},[63,31076,117],{"class":116},[63,31078,7997],{"class":120},[63,31080,117],{"class":116},[63,31082,126],{"class":81},[14,31084,31085],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31087,2543],{},[54,31089,31091],{"className":56,"code":31090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,31092,31093,31113,31135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31094,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31096,2097],{"class":69},[63,31098,74],{"class":73},[63,31100,811],{"class":81},[63,31102,117],{"class":116},[63,31104,196],{"class":120},[63,31106,117],{"class":116},[63,31108,821],{"class":81},[63,31110,692],{"class":85},[63,31112,846],{"class":81},[63,31114,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31116,2138],{"class":69},[63,31118,259],{"class":81},[63,31120,30756],{"class":145},[63,31122,738],{"class":81},[63,31124,117],{"class":116},[63,31126,196],{"class":120},[63,31128,117],{"class":116},[63,31130,821],{"class":81},[63,31132,6324],{"class":85},[63,31134,754],{"class":81},[63,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31138,140],{"class":139},[63,31140,113],{"class":81},[63,31142,2138],{"class":145},[63,31144,126],{"class":81},[14,31146,163],{},[54,31148,31150],{"className":56,"code":31149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,31151,31152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31153,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31155,9588],{"class":81},[63,31157,193],{"class":116},[63,31159,196],{"class":120},[63,31161,193],{"class":116},[63,31163,821],{"class":81},[63,31165,6324],{"class":85},[63,31167,846],{"class":81},[49,31169,8733,31171,31173],{"id":31170},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,31172,15250],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31175,31176,31177,259],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,31178,15250],{},[14,31180,31181],{},"It is useful when:",[29,31183,31184,31187,31190],{},[32,31185,31186],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[32,31188,31189],{},"Adding extra settings",[32,31191,31192],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31194,2543],{},[54,31196,31198],{"className":56,"code":31197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,31199,31200,31237,31274,31278,31293],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31201,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31203,14124],{"class":69},[63,31205,74],{"class":73},[63,31207,811],{"class":81},[63,31209,117],{"class":116},[63,31211,12801],{"class":120},[63,31213,117],{"class":116},[63,31215,821],{"class":81},[63,31217,824],{"class":116},[63,31219,21222],{"class":120},[63,31221,117],{"class":116},[63,31223,89],{"class":81},[63,31225,824],{"class":116},[63,31227,14149],{"class":120},[63,31229,117],{"class":116},[63,31231,821],{"class":81},[63,31233,31234],{"class":85}," 12",[63,31236,846],{"class":81},[63,31238,31239,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31240,31241],{"class":69},"new_settings ",[63,31243,74],{"class":73},[63,31245,811],{"class":81},[63,31247,117],{"class":116},[63,31249,14149],{"class":120},[63,31251,117],{"class":116},[63,31253,821],{"class":81},[63,31255,14156],{"class":85},[63,31257,89],{"class":81},[63,31259,824],{"class":116},[63,31261,20417],{"class":120},[63,31263,117],{"class":116},[63,31265,821],{"class":81},[63,31267,824],{"class":116},[63,31269,20451],{"class":120},[63,31271,117],{"class":116},[63,31273,846],{"class":81},[63,31275,31276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31277,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,31279,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31291],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,31281,14183],{"class":69},[63,31283,259],{"class":81},[63,31285,30756],{"class":145},[63,31287,113],{"class":81},[63,31289,31290],{"class":145},"new_settings",[63,31292,126],{"class":81},[63,31294,31295,31297,31299,31301],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,31296,140],{"class":139},[63,31298,113],{"class":81},[63,31300,14183],{"class":145},[63,31302,126],{"class":81},[14,31304,163],{},[54,31306,31308],{"className":56,"code":31307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,31309,31310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31311,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31313,9588],{"class":81},[63,31315,193],{"class":116},[63,31317,12801],{"class":120},[63,31319,193],{"class":116},[63,31321,821],{"class":81},[63,31323,203],{"class":116},[63,31325,21222],{"class":120},[63,31327,193],{"class":116},[63,31329,89],{"class":81},[63,31331,203],{"class":116},[63,31333,14149],{"class":120},[63,31335,193],{"class":116},[63,31337,821],{"class":81},[63,31339,14156],{"class":85},[63,31341,89],{"class":81},[63,31343,203],{"class":116},[63,31345,20417],{"class":120},[63,31347,193],{"class":116},[63,31349,821],{"class":81},[63,31351,203],{"class":116},[63,31353,20451],{"class":120},[63,31355,193],{"class":116},[63,31357,846],{"class":81},[14,31359,13714],{},[29,31361,31362,31367],{},[32,31363,31364,31366],{},[18,31365,14149],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[32,31368,31369,31371],{},[18,31370,20417],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31373,31374,31375,259],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[196,31376,31378],{"href":31377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[49,31380,8733,31382,31384],{"id":31381},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,31383,15250],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31386,31387,31389],{},[18,31388,15250],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31391,31392],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[54,31394,31396],{"className":56,"code":31395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,31397,31398,31418,31453,31457,31471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31401,1781],{"class":69},[63,31403,74],{"class":73},[63,31405,811],{"class":81},[63,31407,117],{"class":116},[63,31409,18713],{"class":120},[63,31411,117],{"class":116},[63,31413,821],{"class":81},[63,31415,1858],{"class":85},[63,31417,846],{"class":81},[63,31419,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31445,31447,31449,31451],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31421,1804],{"class":69},[63,31423,74],{"class":73},[63,31425,9534],{"class":81},[63,31427,117],{"class":116},[63,31429,18722],{"class":120},[63,31431,117],{"class":116},[63,31433,89],{"class":81},[63,31435,1793],{"class":85},[63,31437,1684],{"class":81},[63,31439,1687],{"class":81},[63,31441,117],{"class":116},[63,31443,31444],{"class":120},"english",[63,31446,117],{"class":116},[63,31448,89],{"class":81},[63,31450,29211],{"class":85},[63,31452,1704],{"class":81},[63,31454,31455],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31456,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,31458,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,31460,16686],{"class":69},[63,31462,259],{"class":81},[63,31464,30756],{"class":145},[63,31466,113],{"class":81},[63,31468,1834],{"class":145},[63,31470,126],{"class":81},[63,31472,31473,31475,31477,31479],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,31474,140],{"class":139},[63,31476,113],{"class":81},[63,31478,16686],{"class":145},[63,31480,126],{"class":81},[14,31482,163],{},[54,31484,31486],{"className":56,"code":31485,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,31487,31488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31489,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31491,9588],{"class":81},[63,31493,193],{"class":116},[63,31495,18713],{"class":120},[63,31497,193],{"class":116},[63,31499,821],{"class":81},[63,31501,1858],{"class":85},[63,31503,89],{"class":81},[63,31505,203],{"class":116},[63,31507,18722],{"class":120},[63,31509,193],{"class":116},[63,31511,821],{"class":81},[63,31513,1793],{"class":85},[63,31515,89],{"class":81},[63,31517,203],{"class":116},[63,31519,31444],{"class":120},[63,31521,193],{"class":116},[63,31523,821],{"class":81},[63,31525,29211],{"class":85},[63,31527,846],{"class":81},[14,31529,31530],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[29,31532,31533,31536],{},[32,31534,31535],{},"The key",[32,31537,31538],{},"The value",[14,31540,31541],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31543,31544],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[54,31546,31548],{"className":56,"code":31547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,31549,31550,31570,31595,31599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31553,2097],{"class":69},[63,31555,74],{"class":73},[63,31557,811],{"class":81},[63,31559,117],{"class":116},[63,31561,196],{"class":120},[63,31563,117],{"class":116},[63,31565,821],{"class":81},[63,31567,692],{"class":85},[63,31569,846],{"class":81},[63,31571,31572,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31573,31574],{"class":69},"bad_pairs ",[63,31576,74],{"class":73},[63,31578,9534],{"class":81},[63,31580,117],{"class":116},[63,31582,206],{"class":120},[63,31584,117],{"class":116},[63,31586,89],{"class":81},[63,31588,92],{"class":85},[63,31590,89],{"class":81},[63,31592,97],{"class":85},[63,31594,1704],{"class":81},[63,31596,31597],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31598,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,31600,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31612],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,31602,2138],{"class":69},[63,31604,259],{"class":81},[63,31606,30756],{"class":145},[63,31608,113],{"class":81},[63,31610,31611],{"class":145},"bad_pairs",[63,31613,126],{"class":81},[14,31615,31616],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31618,31619],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[49,31621,31623],{"id":31622},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31625,31626],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[54,31628,31630],{"className":56,"code":31629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,31631,31632,31656,31688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31633,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31635,11796],{"class":69},[63,31637,74],{"class":73},[63,31639,811],{"class":81},[63,31641,117],{"class":116},[63,31643,816],{"class":120},[63,31645,117],{"class":116},[63,31647,821],{"class":81},[63,31649,824],{"class":116},[63,31651,29204],{"class":120},[63,31653,117],{"class":116},[63,31655,846],{"class":81},[63,31657,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31677,31679,31681,31684,31686],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31659,11890],{"class":69},[63,31661,259],{"class":81},[63,31663,30756],{"class":145},[63,31665,113],{"class":81},[63,31667,836],{"class":9491},[63,31669,74],{"class":73},[63,31671,9509],{"class":85},[63,31673,89],{"class":81},[63,31675,31676],{"class":9491}," city",[63,31678,74],{"class":73},[63,31680,117],{"class":116},[63,31682,31683],{"class":120},"Madrid",[63,31685,117],{"class":116},[63,31687,126],{"class":81},[63,31689,31690,31692,31694,31696],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31691,140],{"class":139},[63,31693,113],{"class":81},[63,31695,11890],{"class":145},[63,31697,126],{"class":81},[14,31699,163],{},[54,31701,31703],{"className":56,"code":31702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,31704,31705],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31706,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31708,9588],{"class":81},[63,31710,193],{"class":116},[63,31712,816],{"class":120},[63,31714,193],{"class":116},[63,31716,821],{"class":81},[63,31718,203],{"class":116},[63,31720,29204],{"class":120},[63,31722,193],{"class":116},[63,31724,89],{"class":81},[63,31726,203],{"class":116},[63,31728,836],{"class":120},[63,31730,193],{"class":116},[63,31732,821],{"class":81},[63,31734,843],{"class":85},[63,31736,89],{"class":81},[63,31738,203],{"class":116},[63,31740,10715],{"class":120},[63,31742,193],{"class":116},[63,31744,821],{"class":81},[63,31746,203],{"class":116},[63,31748,31683],{"class":120},[63,31750,193],{"class":116},[63,31752,846],{"class":81},[14,31754,31755],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31757,31758],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31760,31761],{},"These work:",[29,31763,31764,31768,31772],{},[32,31765,31766],{},[18,31767,836],{},[32,31769,31770],{},[18,31771,10715],{},[32,31773,31774],{},[18,31775,31776],{},"first_name",[14,31778,31779],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[29,31781,31782,31787],{},[32,31783,31784],{},[18,31785,31786],{},"\"first name\"",[32,31788,31789],{},[18,31790,31791],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31793,31794],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[54,31796,31798],{"className":56,"code":31797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31799,31800,31808,31848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31801,31802,31804,31806],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31803,11796],{"class":69},[63,31805,74],{"class":73},[63,31807,10145],{"class":81},[63,31809,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31839,31841,31843,31846],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31811,11890],{"class":69},[63,31813,259],{"class":81},[63,31815,30756],{"class":145},[63,31817,738],{"class":81},[63,31819,117],{"class":116},[63,31821,10818],{"class":120},[63,31823,117],{"class":116},[63,31825,821],{"class":81},[63,31827,824],{"class":116},[63,31829,29204],{"class":120},[63,31831,117],{"class":116},[63,31833,89],{"class":81},[63,31835,824],{"class":116},[63,31837,31838],{"class":120},"user-id",[63,31840,117],{"class":116},[63,31842,821],{"class":81},[63,31844,31845],{"class":85}," 1001",[63,31847,754],{"class":81},[63,31849,31850,31852,31854,31856],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31851,140],{"class":139},[63,31853,113],{"class":81},[63,31855,11890],{"class":145},[63,31857,126],{"class":81},[49,31859,17715],{"id":17714},[14,31861,31862,2732,31864,259],{},[18,31863,15250],{},[18,31865,4115],{},[14,31867,14347],{},[14,31869,25000],{},[54,31871,31873],{"className":56,"code":31872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31874,31875,31899,31925,31929,31939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31876,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31878,806],{"class":69},[63,31880,74],{"class":73},[63,31882,811],{"class":81},[63,31884,117],{"class":116},[63,31886,816],{"class":120},[63,31888,117],{"class":116},[63,31890,821],{"class":81},[63,31892,824],{"class":116},[63,31894,827],{"class":120},[63,31896,117],{"class":116},[63,31898,846],{"class":81},[63,31900,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31902,851],{"class":69},[63,31904,74],{"class":73},[63,31906,13552],{"class":69},[63,31908,259],{"class":81},[63,31910,30756],{"class":145},[63,31912,738],{"class":81},[63,31914,117],{"class":116},[63,31916,836],{"class":120},[63,31918,117],{"class":116},[63,31920,821],{"class":81},[63,31922,746],{"class":85},[63,31924,754],{"class":81},[63,31926,31927],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,31928,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,31932,140],{"class":139},[63,31934,113],{"class":81},[63,31936,875],{"class":145},[63,31938,126],{"class":81},[63,31940,31941,31943,31945,31947],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,31942,140],{"class":139},[63,31944,113],{"class":81},[63,31946,860],{"class":145},[63,31948,126],{"class":81},[14,31950,163],{},[54,31952,31954],{"className":56,"code":31953,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31955,31956,31960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,31957,31958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,31959,12117],{"class":1205},[63,31961,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,31963,9588],{"class":81},[63,31965,193],{"class":116},[63,31967,816],{"class":120},[63,31969,193],{"class":116},[63,31971,821],{"class":81},[63,31973,203],{"class":116},[63,31975,827],{"class":120},[63,31977,193],{"class":116},[63,31979,89],{"class":81},[63,31981,203],{"class":116},[63,31983,836],{"class":120},[63,31985,193],{"class":116},[63,31987,821],{"class":81},[63,31989,746],{"class":85},[63,31991,846],{"class":81},[14,31993,16953],{},[54,31995,31997],{"className":56,"code":31996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31998,31999,32023,32045,32049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32000,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32002,806],{"class":69},[63,32004,74],{"class":73},[63,32006,811],{"class":81},[63,32008,117],{"class":116},[63,32010,816],{"class":120},[63,32012,117],{"class":116},[63,32014,821],{"class":81},[63,32016,824],{"class":116},[63,32018,827],{"class":120},[63,32020,117],{"class":116},[63,32022,846],{"class":81},[63,32024,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32026,860],{"class":69},[63,32028,259],{"class":81},[63,32030,30756],{"class":145},[63,32032,738],{"class":81},[63,32034,117],{"class":116},[63,32036,836],{"class":120},[63,32038,117],{"class":116},[63,32040,821],{"class":81},[63,32042,746],{"class":85},[63,32044,754],{"class":81},[63,32046,32047],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,32048,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32050,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,32052,140],{"class":139},[63,32054,113],{"class":81},[63,32056,860],{"class":145},[63,32058,126],{"class":81},[14,32060,163],{},[54,32062,32064],{"className":56,"code":32063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,32065,32066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32067,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32069,9588],{"class":81},[63,32071,193],{"class":116},[63,32073,816],{"class":120},[63,32075,193],{"class":116},[63,32077,821],{"class":81},[63,32079,203],{"class":116},[63,32081,827],{"class":120},[63,32083,193],{"class":116},[63,32085,89],{"class":81},[63,32087,203],{"class":116},[63,32089,836],{"class":120},[63,32091,193],{"class":116},[63,32093,821],{"class":81},[63,32095,746],{"class":85},[63,32097,846],{"class":81},[14,32099,32100,32101,259],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[196,32102,18201],{"href":11036},[49,32104,5292,32106],{"id":32105},"when-to-use-update",[18,32107,15250],{},[14,32109,222,32110,1716],{},[18,32111,15250],{},[29,32113,32114,32117,32120,32123],{},[32,32115,32116],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[32,32118,32119],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[32,32121,32122],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[32,32124,32125],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32127,32128],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[54,32130,32132],{"className":56,"code":32131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,32133,32134,32170,32185,32189,32228,32232,32242],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32135,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32137,1086],{"class":69},[63,32139,74],{"class":73},[63,32141,811],{"class":81},[63,32143,117],{"class":116},[63,32145,816],{"class":120},[63,32147,117],{"class":116},[63,32149,821],{"class":81},[63,32151,824],{"class":116},[63,32153,827],{"class":120},[63,32155,117],{"class":116},[63,32157,89],{"class":81},[63,32159,824],{"class":116},[63,32161,836],{"class":120},[63,32163,117],{"class":116},[63,32165,821],{"class":81},[63,32167,746],{"class":85},[63,32169,846],{"class":81},[63,32171,32172,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32173,32174],{"class":69},"updated ",[63,32176,74],{"class":73},[63,32178,12468],{"class":69},[63,32180,259],{"class":81},[63,32182,13216],{"class":145},[63,32184,279],{"class":81},[63,32186,32187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,32188,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32190,32191,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,32192,32193],{"class":69},"updated",[63,32195,259],{"class":81},[63,32197,30756],{"class":145},[63,32199,738],{"class":81},[63,32201,117],{"class":116},[63,32203,836],{"class":120},[63,32205,117],{"class":116},[63,32207,821],{"class":81},[63,32209,30769],{"class":85},[63,32211,89],{"class":81},[63,32213,824],{"class":116},[63,32215,10715],{"class":120},[63,32217,117],{"class":116},[63,32219,821],{"class":81},[63,32221,824],{"class":116},[63,32223,16328],{"class":120},[63,32225,117],{"class":116},[63,32227,754],{"class":81},[63,32229,32230],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,32231,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32233,32234,32236,32238,32240],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,32235,140],{"class":139},[63,32237,113],{"class":81},[63,32239,1117],{"class":145},[63,32241,126],{"class":81},[63,32243,32244,32246,32248,32250],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,32245,140],{"class":139},[63,32247,113],{"class":81},[63,32249,32193],{"class":145},[63,32251,126],{"class":81},[14,32253,163],{},[54,32255,32257],{"className":56,"code":32256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,32258,32259,32291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32260,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32262,9588],{"class":81},[63,32264,193],{"class":116},[63,32266,816],{"class":120},[63,32268,193],{"class":116},[63,32270,821],{"class":81},[63,32272,203],{"class":116},[63,32274,827],{"class":120},[63,32276,193],{"class":116},[63,32278,89],{"class":81},[63,32280,203],{"class":116},[63,32282,836],{"class":120},[63,32284,193],{"class":116},[63,32286,821],{"class":81},[63,32288,746],{"class":85},[63,32290,846],{"class":81},[63,32292,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32294,9588],{"class":81},[63,32296,193],{"class":116},[63,32298,816],{"class":120},[63,32300,193],{"class":116},[63,32302,821],{"class":81},[63,32304,203],{"class":116},[63,32306,827],{"class":120},[63,32308,193],{"class":116},[63,32310,89],{"class":81},[63,32312,203],{"class":116},[63,32314,836],{"class":120},[63,32316,193],{"class":116},[63,32318,821],{"class":81},[63,32320,30769],{"class":85},[63,32322,89],{"class":81},[63,32324,203],{"class":116},[63,32326,10715],{"class":120},[63,32328,193],{"class":116},[63,32330,821],{"class":81},[63,32332,203],{"class":116},[63,32334,16328],{"class":120},[63,32336,193],{"class":116},[63,32338,846],{"class":81},[14,32340,32341,32342,259],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[196,32343,16895],{"href":16894},[49,32345,3167],{"id":3166},[14,32347,11053,32348,821],{},[18,32349,15250],{},[29,32351,32352,32359,32363,32366,32369],{},[32,32353,12901,32354,32356,32357],{},[18,32355,15250],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,32358,4115],{},[32,32360,8769,32361,12909],{},[18,32362,15250],{},[32,32364,32365],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[32,32367,32368],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[32,32370,32371],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32373,32374],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[54,32376,32378],{"className":56,"code":32377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,32379,32380,32390,32404,32418,32440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32381,32382,32384,32386,32388],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32383,140],{"class":139},[63,32385,113],{"class":81},[63,32387,11757],{"class":145},[63,32389,126],{"class":81},[63,32391,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32393,140],{"class":139},[63,32395,113],{"class":81},[63,32397,3557],{"class":77},[63,32399,113],{"class":81},[63,32401,2138],{"class":145},[63,32403,100],{"class":81},[63,32405,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,32407,140],{"class":139},[63,32409,113],{"class":81},[63,32411,276],{"class":77},[63,32413,113],{"class":81},[63,32415,2138],{"class":145},[63,32417,100],{"class":81},[63,32419,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,32421,140],{"class":139},[63,32423,113],{"class":81},[63,32425,11757],{"class":145},[63,32427,259],{"class":81},[63,32429,20046],{"class":145},[63,32431,113],{"class":81},[63,32433,193],{"class":116},[63,32435,15137],{"class":120},[63,32437,193],{"class":116},[63,32439,100],{"class":81},[63,32441,32442,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,32443,32444],{"class":139},"help",[63,32446,113],{"class":81},[63,32448,9138],{"class":77},[63,32450,259],{"class":81},[63,32452,30756],{"class":25042},[63,32454,126],{"class":81},[14,32456,32457],{},"These can help you check:",[29,32459,32460,32463,32468,32471,32474],{},[32,32461,32462],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[32,32464,32465,32466],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,32467,15250],{},[32,32469,32470],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[32,32472,32473],{},"Whether a key exists",[32,32475,32476],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32478,32479,32480,259],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[196,32481,11569],{"href":11380},[49,32483,2165],{"id":2164},[486,32485,13011,32487,32489],{"id":32486},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,32488,15250],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32491,32492,32493,259],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,32494,4115],{},[486,32496,13011,32498,32500],{"id":32497},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,32499,15250],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32502,32503],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[486,32505,5497,32507,32509],{"id":32506},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,32508,15250],{}," add new keys?",[14,32511,32512],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[486,32514,28619,32516,32518],{"id":32515},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,32517,15250],{}," with a list?",[14,32520,32521,32522,259],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,32523,11401],{},[486,32525,2169,32527,32529],{"id":32526},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,32528,15250],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32531,32532,32533,32535],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,32534,15250],{}," can change many keys at once.",[49,32537,2219],{"id":2218},[29,32539,32540,32544,32548,32553,32557],{},[32,32541,32542],{},[196,32543,26386],{"href":9698},[32,32545,32546],{},[196,32547,11558],{"href":11036},[32,32549,32550],{},[196,32551,32552],{"href":31377},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,32554,32555],{},[196,32556,21752],{"href":16894},[32,32558,32559],{},[196,32560,11569],{"href":11380},[2259,32562,32563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":32565},[32566,32567,32569,32570,32572,32574,32575,32576,32578,32579,32591],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":30810,"depth":103,"text":32568},"What update() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":31170,"depth":103,"text":32571},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31381,"depth":103,"text":32573},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31622,"depth":103,"text":31623},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":32105,"depth":103,"text":32577},"When to use update()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":32580},[32581,32583,32585,32587,32589],{"id":32486,"depth":129,"text":32582},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32497,"depth":129,"text":32584},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32506,"depth":129,"text":32586},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32515,"depth":129,"text":32588},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32526,"depth":129,"text":32590},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30689,"description":32592},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32598,"title":32599,"body":32600,"description":34589,"extension":2300,"meta":34590,"navigation":132,"path":23187,"seo":34591,"stem":34592,"__hash__":34593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32601,"toc":34552},[32602,32607,32614,32617,32619,32718,32720,32775,32780,32785,32799,32804,32806,32821,32823,32837,32850,32855,32861,32868,32870,32977,32979,33028,33034,33109,33111,33132,33134,33137,33242,33244,33299,33301,33329,33333,33338,33417,33419,33439,33441,33452,33462,33466,33471,33575,33577,33602,33605,33616,33621,33630,33633,33650,33652,33739,33741,33804,33806,33829,33831,33836,33842,33847,33849,33888,33894,33897,33916,33927,33933,33936,34009,34011,34030,34035,34038,34061,34067,34070,34134,34137,34214,34221,34224,34283,34289,34291,34310,34314,34317,34368,34371,34391,34393,34454,34456,34461,34466,34471,34476,34481,34486,34492,34495,34504,34512,34514,34549],[10,32603,11625,32605,11629],{"id":32604},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,32606,17368],{},[14,32608,32609,32610,32613],{},"The Python ",[18,32611,32612],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32615,32616],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[49,32618,52],{"id":51},[54,32620,32622],{"className":56,"code":32621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,32623,32624,32676,32690,32694,32704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32625,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32627,1412],{"class":69},[63,32629,74],{"class":73},[63,32631,811],{"class":81},[63,32633,117],{"class":116},[63,32635,816],{"class":120},[63,32637,117],{"class":116},[63,32639,821],{"class":81},[63,32641,824],{"class":116},[63,32643,827],{"class":120},[63,32645,117],{"class":116},[63,32647,89],{"class":81},[63,32649,824],{"class":116},[63,32651,836],{"class":120},[63,32653,117],{"class":116},[63,32655,821],{"class":81},[63,32657,746],{"class":85},[63,32659,89],{"class":81},[63,32661,824],{"class":116},[63,32663,10715],{"class":120},[63,32665,117],{"class":116},[63,32667,821],{"class":81},[63,32669,824],{"class":116},[63,32671,16328],{"class":120},[63,32673,117],{"class":116},[63,32675,846],{"class":81},[63,32677,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32679,731],{"class":69},[63,32681,74],{"class":73},[63,32683,13211],{"class":69},[63,32685,259],{"class":81},[63,32687,763],{"class":145},[63,32689,279],{"class":81},[63,32691,32692],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,32693,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32695,32696,32698,32700,32702],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,32697,140],{"class":139},[63,32699,113],{"class":81},[63,32701,763],{"class":145},[63,32703,126],{"class":81},[63,32705,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,32707,140],{"class":139},[63,32709,113],{"class":81},[63,32711,276],{"class":77},[63,32713,113],{"class":81},[63,32715,763],{"class":145},[63,32717,100],{"class":81},[14,32719,163],{},[54,32721,32723],{"className":56,"code":32722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,32724,32725,32751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32726,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32728,17334],{"class":145},[63,32730,2071],{"class":81},[63,32732,193],{"class":116},[63,32734,827],{"class":120},[63,32736,193],{"class":116},[63,32738,89],{"class":81},[63,32740,746],{"class":85},[63,32742,89],{"class":81},[63,32744,203],{"class":116},[63,32746,16328],{"class":120},[63,32748,193],{"class":116},[63,32750,2080],{"class":81},[63,32752,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32754,173],{"class":81},[63,32756,193],{"class":116},[63,32758,827],{"class":120},[63,32760,193],{"class":116},[63,32762,89],{"class":81},[63,32764,746],{"class":85},[63,32766,89],{"class":81},[63,32768,203],{"class":116},[63,32770,16328],{"class":120},[63,32772,193],{"class":116},[63,32774,186],{"class":81},[14,32776,32777,32779],{},[18,32778,17368],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[49,32781,4014,32783,4017],{"id":32782},"what-values-does",[18,32784,17368],{},[29,32786,32787,32790,32793,32796],{},[32,32788,32789],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[32,32791,32792],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[32,32794,32795],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[32,32797,32798],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32800,32801,32802,259],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[196,32803,9699],{"href":9698},[49,32805,263],{"id":262},[54,32807,32809],{"className":56,"code":32808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32810,32811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32812,32813,32815,32817,32819],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32814,11757],{"class":69},[63,32816,259],{"class":81},[63,32818,763],{"class":145},[63,32820,279],{"class":81},[14,32822,13357],{},[29,32824,32825,32829,32832],{},[32,32826,32827,11773],{},[18,32828,17368],{},[32,32830,32831],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[32,32833,32834,32835],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32836,17368],{},[14,32838,32839,32840,4726,32845,259],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[196,32841,32842,32844],{"href":17359},[18,32843,17362],{}," for dictionary keys",[196,32846,32847,32849],{"href":17372},[18,32848,17375],{}," for key-value pairs",[49,32851,4014,32853,12014],{"id":32852},"what-values-returns",[18,32854,17368],{},[14,32856,32857,22269,32859,25056],{},[18,32858,17368],{},[18,32860,17334],{},[14,32862,32863,32864,32867],{},"This object is a ",[1217,32865,32866],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32869,2543],{},[54,32871,32873],{"className":56,"code":32872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32874,32875,32911,32915,32930,32941,32945,32967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32876,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32878,806],{"class":69},[63,32880,74],{"class":73},[63,32882,811],{"class":81},[63,32884,117],{"class":116},[63,32886,816],{"class":120},[63,32888,117],{"class":116},[63,32890,821],{"class":81},[63,32892,824],{"class":116},[63,32894,1429],{"class":120},[63,32896,117],{"class":116},[63,32898,89],{"class":81},[63,32900,824],{"class":116},[63,32902,836],{"class":120},[63,32904,117],{"class":116},[63,32906,821],{"class":81},[63,32908,843],{"class":85},[63,32910,846],{"class":81},[63,32912,32913],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,32914,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32916,32917,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,32918,32919],{"class":69},"values_view ",[63,32921,74],{"class":73},[63,32923,13552],{"class":69},[63,32925,259],{"class":81},[63,32927,763],{"class":145},[63,32929,279],{"class":81},[63,32931,32932,32934,32936,32939],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,32933,140],{"class":139},[63,32935,113],{"class":81},[63,32937,32938],{"class":145},"values_view",[63,32940,126],{"class":81},[63,32942,32943],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,32944,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,32946,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,32948,860],{"class":69},[63,32950,173],{"class":81},[63,32952,117],{"class":116},[63,32954,10715],{"class":120},[63,32956,117],{"class":116},[63,32958,13578],{"class":81},[63,32960,13581],{"class":73},[63,32962,824],{"class":116},[63,32964,30934],{"class":120},[63,32966,3694],{"class":116},[63,32968,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,32970,140],{"class":139},[63,32972,113],{"class":81},[63,32974,32938],{"class":145},[63,32976,126],{"class":81},[14,32978,163],{},[54,32980,32982],{"className":56,"code":32981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32983,32984,33002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,32985,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,32987,17334],{"class":145},[63,32989,2071],{"class":81},[63,32991,193],{"class":116},[63,32993,1429],{"class":120},[63,32995,193],{"class":116},[63,32997,89],{"class":81},[63,32999,843],{"class":85},[63,33001,2080],{"class":81},[63,33003,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33005,17334],{"class":145},[63,33007,2071],{"class":81},[63,33009,193],{"class":116},[63,33011,1429],{"class":120},[63,33013,193],{"class":116},[63,33015,89],{"class":81},[63,33017,843],{"class":85},[63,33019,89],{"class":81},[63,33021,203],{"class":116},[63,33023,30934],{"class":120},[63,33025,193],{"class":116},[63,33027,2080],{"class":81},[14,33029,33030,33031,259],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,33032,33033],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[54,33035,33037],{"className":56,"code":33036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,33038,33039,33075,33094,33098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33040,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33042,806],{"class":69},[63,33044,74],{"class":73},[63,33046,811],{"class":81},[63,33048,117],{"class":116},[63,33050,816],{"class":120},[63,33052,117],{"class":116},[63,33054,821],{"class":81},[63,33056,824],{"class":116},[63,33058,1429],{"class":120},[63,33060,117],{"class":116},[63,33062,89],{"class":81},[63,33064,824],{"class":116},[63,33066,836],{"class":120},[63,33068,117],{"class":116},[63,33070,821],{"class":81},[63,33072,843],{"class":85},[63,33074,846],{"class":81},[63,33076,33077,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33078,33079],{"class":69},"values_list ",[63,33081,74],{"class":73},[63,33083,78],{"class":77},[63,33085,113],{"class":81},[63,33087,860],{"class":145},[63,33089,259],{"class":81},[63,33091,763],{"class":145},[63,33093,7515],{"class":81},[63,33095,33096],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33097,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33099,33100,33102,33104,33107],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33101,140],{"class":139},[63,33103,113],{"class":81},[63,33105,33106],{"class":145},"values_list",[63,33108,126],{"class":81},[14,33110,163],{},[54,33112,33114],{"className":56,"code":33113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,33115,33116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33117,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33119,173],{"class":81},[63,33121,193],{"class":116},[63,33123,1429],{"class":120},[63,33125,193],{"class":116},[63,33127,89],{"class":81},[63,33129,843],{"class":85},[63,33131,186],{"class":81},[49,33133,11783],{"id":11782},[14,33135,33136],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[54,33138,33140],{"className":56,"code":33139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,33141,33142,33196,33200,33214,33218,33228],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33143,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33177,33179,33181,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33145,25087],{"class":69},[63,33147,74],{"class":73},[63,33149,811],{"class":81},[63,33151,117],{"class":116},[63,33153,25096],{"class":120},[63,33155,117],{"class":116},[63,33157,821],{"class":81},[63,33159,824],{"class":116},[63,33161,25105],{"class":120},[63,33163,117],{"class":116},[63,33165,89],{"class":81},[63,33167,824],{"class":116},[63,33169,25114],{"class":120},[63,33171,117],{"class":116},[63,33173,821],{"class":81},[63,33175,33176],{"class":85}," 2022",[63,33178,89],{"class":81},[63,33180,824],{"class":116},[63,33182,33183],{"class":120},"color",[63,33185,117],{"class":116},[63,33187,821],{"class":81},[63,33189,824],{"class":116},[63,33191,13415],{"class":120},[63,33193,117],{"class":116},[63,33195,846],{"class":81},[63,33197,33198],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33199,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33201,33202,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33203,851],{"class":69},[63,33205,74],{"class":73},[63,33207,25136],{"class":69},[63,33209,259],{"class":81},[63,33211,763],{"class":145},[63,33213,279],{"class":81},[63,33215,33216],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33217,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33219,33220,33222,33224,33226],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,33221,140],{"class":139},[63,33223,113],{"class":81},[63,33225,875],{"class":145},[63,33227,126],{"class":81},[63,33229,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,33231,140],{"class":139},[63,33233,113],{"class":81},[63,33235,276],{"class":77},[63,33237,113],{"class":81},[63,33239,875],{"class":145},[63,33241,100],{"class":81},[14,33243,163],{},[54,33245,33247],{"className":56,"code":33246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,33248,33249,33275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33250,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33252,17334],{"class":145},[63,33254,2071],{"class":81},[63,33256,193],{"class":116},[63,33258,25105],{"class":120},[63,33260,193],{"class":116},[63,33262,89],{"class":81},[63,33264,33176],{"class":85},[63,33266,89],{"class":81},[63,33268,203],{"class":116},[63,33270,13415],{"class":120},[63,33272,193],{"class":116},[63,33274,2080],{"class":81},[63,33276,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33278,173],{"class":81},[63,33280,193],{"class":116},[63,33282,25105],{"class":120},[63,33284,193],{"class":116},[63,33286,89],{"class":81},[63,33288,33176],{"class":85},[63,33290,89],{"class":81},[63,33292,203],{"class":116},[63,33294,13415],{"class":120},[63,33296,193],{"class":116},[63,33298,186],{"class":81},[14,33300,11992],{},[29,33302,33303,33309,33315,33323],{},[32,33304,33305,33308],{},[18,33306,33307],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[32,33310,33311,33314],{},[18,33312,33313],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[32,33316,33317,33320,33321,1044],{},[18,33318,33319],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,33322,17334],{},[32,33324,33325,33328],{},[18,33326,33327],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[49,33330,33332],{"id":33331},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33334,33335,33336,26355],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,33337,6277],{},[54,33339,33341],{"className":56,"code":33340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,33342,33343,33387,33391,33407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33346,1781],{"class":69},[63,33348,74],{"class":73},[63,33350,811],{"class":81},[63,33352,117],{"class":116},[63,33354,18713],{"class":120},[63,33356,117],{"class":116},[63,33358,821],{"class":81},[63,33360,1858],{"class":85},[63,33362,89],{"class":81},[63,33364,824],{"class":116},[63,33366,31444],{"class":120},[63,33368,117],{"class":116},[63,33370,821],{"class":81},[63,33372,1793],{"class":85},[63,33374,89],{"class":81},[63,33376,824],{"class":116},[63,33378,18722],{"class":120},[63,33380,117],{"class":116},[63,33382,821],{"class":81},[63,33384,29211],{"class":85},[63,33386,846],{"class":81},[63,33388,33389],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33390,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33392,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33394,6277],{"class":1155},[63,33396,21879],{"class":69},[63,33398,4217],{"class":1155},[63,33400,1823],{"class":69},[63,33402,259],{"class":81},[63,33404,763],{"class":145},[63,33406,21890],{"class":81},[63,33408,33409,33411,33413,33415],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33410,8386],{"class":139},[63,33412,113],{"class":81},[63,33414,2807],{"class":145},[63,33416,126],{"class":81},[14,33418,163],{},[54,33420,33422],{"className":56,"code":33421,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,33423,33424,33429,33434],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33425,33426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33427,33428],{"class":85},"90\n",[63,33430,33431],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33432,33433],{"class":85},"85\n",[63,33435,33436],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33437,33438],{"class":85},"88\n",[14,33440,18007],{},[29,33442,33443,33446,33449],{},[32,33444,33445],{},"You only need the values",[32,33447,33448],{},"You do not care about the keys",[32,33450,33451],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33453,33454,33455,1725,33459,259],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[196,33456,11042,33457,11046],{"href":17372},[18,33458,17375],{},[196,33460,22768],{"href":33461},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[49,33463,33465],{"id":33464},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33467,222,33468,33470],{},[18,33469,33033],{}," when you need a list.",[54,33472,33474],{"className":56,"code":33473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,33475,33476,33522,33526,33546,33550,33561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33477,33478,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33514,33516,33518,33520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33479,33480],{"class":69},"fruit_prices ",[63,33482,74],{"class":73},[63,33484,811],{"class":81},[63,33486,117],{"class":116},[63,33488,408],{"class":120},[63,33490,117],{"class":116},[63,33492,821],{"class":81},[63,33494,92],{"class":85},[63,33496,89],{"class":81},[63,33498,824],{"class":116},[63,33500,427],{"class":120},[63,33502,117],{"class":116},[63,33504,821],{"class":81},[63,33506,692],{"class":85},[63,33508,89],{"class":81},[63,33510,824],{"class":116},[63,33512,33513],{"class":120},"orange",[63,33515,117],{"class":116},[63,33517,821],{"class":81},[63,33519,97],{"class":85},[63,33521,846],{"class":81},[63,33523,33524],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33525,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33527,33528,33531,33533,33535,33537,33540,33542,33544],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33529,33530],{"class":69},"price_list ",[63,33532,74],{"class":73},[63,33534,78],{"class":77},[63,33536,113],{"class":81},[63,33538,33539],{"class":145},"fruit_prices",[63,33541,259],{"class":81},[63,33543,763],{"class":145},[63,33545,7515],{"class":81},[63,33547,33548],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33549,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33551,33552,33554,33556,33559],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,33553,140],{"class":139},[63,33555,113],{"class":81},[63,33557,33558],{"class":145},"price_list",[63,33560,126],{"class":81},[63,33562,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,33564,140],{"class":139},[63,33566,113],{"class":81},[63,33568,33558],{"class":145},[63,33570,173],{"class":81},[63,33572,687],{"class":85},[63,33574,2080],{"class":81},[14,33576,163],{},[54,33578,33580],{"className":56,"code":33579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,33581,33582,33598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33583,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33585,173],{"class":81},[63,33587,2394],{"class":85},[63,33589,89],{"class":81},[63,33591,692],{"class":85},[63,33593,89],{"class":81},[63,33595,97],{"class":85},[63,33597,186],{"class":81},[63,33599,33600],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33601,17353],{"class":85},[14,33603,33604],{},"This is helpful for:",[29,33606,33607,33610,33613],{},[32,33608,33609],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[32,33611,33612],{},"Accessing values by index",[32,33614,33615],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33617,4258,33618,33620],{},[18,33619,17334],{}," is not the same as a list.",[49,33622,33624,10891,33626,10891,33628],{"id":33623},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,33625,17368],{},[18,33627,17362],{},[18,33629,17375],{},[14,33631,33632],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[29,33634,33635,33640,33645],{},[32,33636,33637,33639],{},[18,33638,17368],{}," returns only the values",[32,33641,33642,33644],{},[18,33643,17362],{}," returns only the keys",[32,33646,33647,33649],{},[18,33648,17375],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33651,2462],{},[54,33653,33655],{"className":56,"code":33654,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,33656,33657,33693,33697,33711,33725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33658,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689,33691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33660,1412],{"class":69},[63,33662,74],{"class":73},[63,33664,811],{"class":81},[63,33666,117],{"class":116},[63,33668,816],{"class":120},[63,33670,117],{"class":116},[63,33672,821],{"class":81},[63,33674,824],{"class":116},[63,33676,827],{"class":120},[63,33678,117],{"class":116},[63,33680,89],{"class":81},[63,33682,824],{"class":116},[63,33684,836],{"class":120},[63,33686,117],{"class":116},[63,33688,821],{"class":81},[63,33690,746],{"class":85},[63,33692,846],{"class":81},[63,33694,33695],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33696,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33698,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707,33709],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33700,140],{"class":139},[63,33702,113],{"class":81},[63,33704,1464],{"class":145},[63,33706,259],{"class":81},[63,33708,17221],{"class":145},[63,33710,7515],{"class":81},[63,33712,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33714,140],{"class":139},[63,33716,113],{"class":81},[63,33718,1464],{"class":145},[63,33720,259],{"class":81},[63,33722,763],{"class":145},[63,33724,7515],{"class":81},[63,33726,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,33728,140],{"class":139},[63,33730,113],{"class":81},[63,33732,1464],{"class":145},[63,33734,259],{"class":81},[63,33736,357],{"class":145},[63,33738,7515],{"class":81},[14,33740,163],{},[54,33742,33744],{"className":56,"code":33743,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,33745,33746,33768,33786],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33749,17311],{"class":145},[63,33751,2071],{"class":81},[63,33753,193],{"class":116},[63,33755,816],{"class":120},[63,33757,193],{"class":116},[63,33759,89],{"class":81},[63,33761,203],{"class":116},[63,33763,836],{"class":120},[63,33765,193],{"class":116},[63,33767,2080],{"class":81},[63,33769,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33771,17334],{"class":145},[63,33773,2071],{"class":81},[63,33775,193],{"class":116},[63,33777,827],{"class":120},[63,33779,193],{"class":116},[63,33781,89],{"class":81},[63,33783,746],{"class":85},[63,33785,2080],{"class":81},[63,33787,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33789,22202],{"class":145},[63,33791,9965],{"class":81},[63,33793,193],{"class":116},[63,33795,816],{"class":120},[63,33797,193],{"class":116},[63,33799,89],{"class":81},[63,33801,746],{"class":85},[63,33803,10984],{"class":81},[14,33805,1937],{},[29,33807,33808,33815,33822],{},[32,33809,33810,33814],{},[196,33811,33812],{"href":17359},[18,33813,17362],{}," when you need just the keys",[32,33816,33817,33821],{},[196,33818,33819],{"href":17365},[18,33820,17368],{}," when you need just the values",[32,33823,33824,33828],{},[196,33825,33826],{"href":17372},[18,33827,17375],{}," when you need both",[49,33830,1888],{"id":1887},[14,33832,33833,33834,259],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33835,17368],{},[486,33837,29941,33839,33841],{"id":33838},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33840,17368],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33843,33844,33846],{},[18,33845,17368],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33848,16941],{},[54,33850,33852],{"className":56,"code":33851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33853,33854,33874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33855,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33857,8623],{"class":69},[63,33859,74],{"class":73},[63,33861,1091],{"class":81},[63,33863,86],{"class":85},[63,33865,89],{"class":81},[63,33867,92],{"class":85},[63,33869,89],{"class":81},[63,33871,97],{"class":85},[63,33873,186],{"class":81},[63,33875,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33877,140],{"class":139},[63,33879,113],{"class":81},[63,33881,8654],{"class":145},[63,33883,259],{"class":81},[63,33885,763],{"class":145},[63,33887,7515],{"class":81},[14,33889,33890,33891,33893],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33892,17368],{}," method.",[14,33895,33896],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[54,33898,33900],{"className":56,"code":33899,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33901,33902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33903,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33905,140],{"class":139},[63,33907,113],{"class":81},[63,33909,3557],{"class":77},[63,33911,113],{"class":81},[63,33913,8654],{"class":145},[63,33915,100],{"class":81},[14,33917,33918,33919,33921,33922,259],{},"If you get an ",[18,33920,25962],{},", see ",[196,33923,25970,33924,33926],{"href":25969},[18,33925,25973],{}," errors",[486,33928,4909,33930,33932],{"id":33929},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33931,17368],{}," returns a list",[14,33934,33935],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[54,33937,33939],{"className":56,"code":33938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33940,33941,33977,33991,33995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,33942,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,33944,1412],{"class":69},[63,33946,74],{"class":73},[63,33948,811],{"class":81},[63,33950,117],{"class":116},[63,33952,816],{"class":120},[63,33954,117],{"class":116},[63,33956,821],{"class":81},[63,33958,824],{"class":116},[63,33960,827],{"class":120},[63,33962,117],{"class":116},[63,33964,89],{"class":81},[63,33966,824],{"class":116},[63,33968,836],{"class":120},[63,33970,117],{"class":116},[63,33972,821],{"class":81},[63,33974,746],{"class":85},[63,33976,846],{"class":81},[63,33978,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,33980,731],{"class":69},[63,33982,74],{"class":73},[63,33984,13211],{"class":69},[63,33986,259],{"class":81},[63,33988,763],{"class":145},[63,33990,279],{"class":81},[63,33992,33993],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,33994,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,33996,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,33998,140],{"class":139},[63,34000,113],{"class":81},[63,34002,3557],{"class":77},[63,34004,113],{"class":81},[63,34006,763],{"class":145},[63,34008,100],{"class":81},[14,34010,163],{},[54,34012,34014],{"className":56,"code":34013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,34015,34016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34017,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34019,3626],{"class":73},[63,34021,3629],{"class":2402},[63,34023,203],{"class":116},[63,34025,17334],{"class":120},[63,34027,193],{"class":116},[63,34029,3638],{"class":73},[14,34031,5475,34032,34034],{},[18,34033,17334],{},", not a list.",[14,34036,34037],{},"If you need a list:",[54,34039,34041],{"className":56,"code":34040,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,34042,34043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34044,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34046,731],{"class":69},[63,34048,74],{"class":73},[63,34050,78],{"class":77},[63,34052,113],{"class":81},[63,34054,1464],{"class":145},[63,34056,259],{"class":81},[63,34058,763],{"class":145},[63,34060,7515],{"class":81},[486,34062,34064,34065],{"id":34063},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,34066,17334],{},[14,34068,34069],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[54,34071,34073],{"className":56,"code":34072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,34074,34075,34111,34125,34129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34076,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34078,1412],{"class":69},[63,34080,74],{"class":73},[63,34082,811],{"class":81},[63,34084,117],{"class":116},[63,34086,816],{"class":120},[63,34088,117],{"class":116},[63,34090,821],{"class":81},[63,34092,824],{"class":116},[63,34094,827],{"class":120},[63,34096,117],{"class":116},[63,34098,89],{"class":81},[63,34100,824],{"class":116},[63,34102,836],{"class":120},[63,34104,117],{"class":116},[63,34106,821],{"class":81},[63,34108,746],{"class":85},[63,34110,846],{"class":81},[63,34112,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34114,731],{"class":69},[63,34116,74],{"class":73},[63,34118,13211],{"class":69},[63,34120,259],{"class":81},[63,34122,763],{"class":145},[63,34124,279],{"class":81},[63,34126,34127],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34128,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,34130,34131],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,34132,34133],{"class":1910},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34135,34136],{},"Convert to a list first:",[54,34138,34140],{"className":56,"code":34139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,34141,34142,34178,34196,34200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34143,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34145,1412],{"class":69},[63,34147,74],{"class":73},[63,34149,811],{"class":81},[63,34151,117],{"class":116},[63,34153,816],{"class":120},[63,34155,117],{"class":116},[63,34157,821],{"class":81},[63,34159,824],{"class":116},[63,34161,827],{"class":120},[63,34163,117],{"class":116},[63,34165,89],{"class":81},[63,34167,824],{"class":116},[63,34169,836],{"class":120},[63,34171,117],{"class":116},[63,34173,821],{"class":81},[63,34175,746],{"class":85},[63,34177,846],{"class":81},[63,34179,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34181,731],{"class":69},[63,34183,74],{"class":73},[63,34185,78],{"class":77},[63,34187,113],{"class":81},[63,34189,1464],{"class":145},[63,34191,259],{"class":81},[63,34193,763],{"class":145},[63,34195,7515],{"class":81},[63,34197,34198],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34199,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,34201,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,34203,140],{"class":139},[63,34205,113],{"class":81},[63,34207,763],{"class":145},[63,34209,173],{"class":81},[63,34211,687],{"class":85},[63,34213,2080],{"class":81},[486,34215,8733,34217,11398,34219],{"id":34216},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,34218,763],{},[18,34220,17368],{},[14,34222,34223],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[54,34225,34227],{"className":56,"code":34226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,34228,34229,34265,34269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34230,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249,34251,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34232,1412],{"class":69},[63,34234,74],{"class":73},[63,34236,811],{"class":81},[63,34238,117],{"class":116},[63,34240,816],{"class":120},[63,34242,117],{"class":116},[63,34244,821],{"class":81},[63,34246,824],{"class":116},[63,34248,827],{"class":120},[63,34250,117],{"class":116},[63,34252,89],{"class":81},[63,34254,824],{"class":116},[63,34256,836],{"class":120},[63,34258,117],{"class":116},[63,34260,821],{"class":81},[63,34262,746],{"class":85},[63,34264,846],{"class":81},[63,34266,34267],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34268,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,34270,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34272,140],{"class":139},[63,34274,113],{"class":81},[63,34276,1464],{"class":145},[63,34278,259],{"class":81},[63,34280,763],{"class":25042},[63,34282,126],{"class":81},[14,34284,34285,34288],{},[18,34286,34287],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34290,1937],{},[54,34292,34294],{"className":56,"code":34293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(student.values())\n",[18,34295,34296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34297,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34299,140],{"class":139},[63,34301,113],{"class":81},[63,34303,1464],{"class":145},[63,34305,259],{"class":81},[63,34307,763],{"class":145},[63,34309,7515],{"class":81},[486,34311,34313],{"id":34312},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34315,34316],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[54,34318,34320],{"className":56,"code":34319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,34321,34322,34354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34323,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34325,2097],{"class":69},[63,34327,74],{"class":73},[63,34329,811],{"class":81},[63,34331,117],{"class":116},[63,34333,196],{"class":120},[63,34335,117],{"class":116},[63,34337,821],{"class":81},[63,34339,692],{"class":85},[63,34341,89],{"class":81},[63,34343,824],{"class":116},[63,34345,206],{"class":120},[63,34347,117],{"class":116},[63,34349,821],{"class":81},[63,34351,92],{"class":85},[63,34353,846],{"class":81},[63,34355,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34357,140],{"class":139},[63,34359,113],{"class":81},[63,34361,2138],{"class":145},[63,34363,259],{"class":81},[63,34365,763],{"class":145},[63,34367,7515],{"class":81},[14,34369,34370],{},"Not like this:",[54,34372,34374],{"className":56,"code":34373,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,34375,34376,34381,34386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34377,34378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34379,34380],{"class":1910},"# Wrong examples:\n",[63,34382,34383],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34384,34385],{"class":1910},"# data().values()\n",[63,34387,34388],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34389,34390],{"class":1910},"# values(data)\n",[14,34392,3675],{},[54,34394,34396],{"className":56,"code":34395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,34397,34398,34412,34422,34436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34399,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34401,140],{"class":139},[63,34403,113],{"class":81},[63,34405,3557],{"class":77},[63,34407,113],{"class":81},[63,34409,11757],{"class":145},[63,34411,100],{"class":81},[63,34413,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34415,140],{"class":139},[63,34417,113],{"class":81},[63,34419,11757],{"class":145},[63,34421,126],{"class":81},[63,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34425,140],{"class":139},[63,34427,113],{"class":81},[63,34429,11757],{"class":145},[63,34431,259],{"class":81},[63,34433,763],{"class":145},[63,34435,7515],{"class":81},[63,34437,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448,34450,34452],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,34439,140],{"class":139},[63,34441,113],{"class":81},[63,34443,276],{"class":77},[63,34445,113],{"class":81},[63,34447,11757],{"class":145},[63,34449,259],{"class":81},[63,34451,763],{"class":145},[63,34453,1561],{"class":81},[49,34455,2165],{"id":2164},[486,34457,5469,34459,5472],{"id":34458},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,34460,32612],{},[14,34462,17718,34463,34465],{},[18,34464,17334],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[486,34467,13011,34469,24224],{"id":34468},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,34470,17368],{},[14,34472,24227,34473,24231],{},[18,34474,34475],{},"list(...)",[486,34477,26347,34479,2827],{"id":34478},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,34480,32612],{},[14,34482,34483,34484,26355],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,34485,6277],{},[486,34487,13011,34489,34491],{"id":34488},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,34490,32612],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34493,34494],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[486,34496,34498,34499,34501,34502,2827],{"id":34497},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,34500,17368],{}," different from ",[18,34503,17375],{},[14,34505,34506,34508,34509,34511],{},[18,34507,17368],{}," returns only values. ",[18,34510,17375],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[49,34513,2219],{"id":2218},[29,34515,34516,34522,34528,34532,34538,34542],{},[32,34517,34518],{},[196,34519,11042,34520,11046],{"href":17359},[18,34521,17362],{},[32,34523,34524],{},[196,34525,11042,34526,11046],{"href":17372},[18,34527,17375],{},[32,34529,34530],{},[196,34531,11549],{"href":9698},[32,34533,34534],{},[196,34535,34537],{"href":34536},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[32,34539,34540],{},[196,34541,24309],{"href":33461},[32,34543,34544],{},[196,34545,30639,34546],{"href":25969},[18,34547,34548],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2259,34550,34551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":34553},[34554,34555,34557,34558,34560,34561,34562,34563,34565,34576,34588],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":32782,"depth":103,"text":34556},"What values() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":32852,"depth":103,"text":34559},"What values() returns",{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":33331,"depth":103,"text":33332},{"id":33464,"depth":103,"text":33465},{"id":33623,"depth":103,"text":34564},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":34566},[34567,34569,34571,34573,34575],{"id":33838,"depth":129,"text":34568},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33929,"depth":129,"text":34570},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34063,"depth":129,"text":34572},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34216,"depth":129,"text":34574},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34312,"depth":129,"text":34313},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":34577},[34578,34580,34582,34584,34586],{"id":34458,"depth":129,"text":34579},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34468,"depth":129,"text":34581},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34478,"depth":129,"text":34583},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34488,"depth":129,"text":34585},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34497,"depth":129,"text":34587},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32599,"description":34589},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34595,"title":34596,"body":34597,"description":36028,"extension":2300,"meta":36029,"navigation":132,"path":36030,"seo":36031,"stem":36032,"__hash__":36033},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34598,"toc":35980},[34599,34605,34610,34613,34629,34638,34640,34672,34678,34681,34776,34779,34784,34789,34792,34803,34805,34819,34825,34827,34832,34838,34841,34880,34888,34893,34896,34941,34944,34956,34962,34968,34972,35005,35008,35026,35029,35033,35072,35074,35094,35097,35109,35114,35120,35123,35178,35181,35192,35195,35206,35209,35213,35219,35221,35251,35254,35269,35272,35275,35294,35297,35313,35322,35324,35355,35361,35366,35369,35376,35407,35410,35432,35435,35438,35452,35456,35487,35502,35509,35516,35520,35528,35532,35540,35543,35592,35603,35605,35608,35614,35619,35629,35633,35636,35639,35643,35646,35648,35669,35673,35679,35690,35696,35698,35704,35728,35731,35794,35797,35825,35828,35890,35892,35897,35900,35907,35915,35922,35925,35933,35939,35941,35968,35977],[10,34600,3912,34602,3916],{"id":34601},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,34603,34604],{},"dir()",[14,34606,32609,34607,34609],{},[18,34608,34604],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34611,34612],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[29,34614,34615,34618,34621,34626],{},[32,34616,34617],{},"learning Python",[32,34619,34620],{},"exploring a new object",[32,34622,34623,34624],{},"debugging an ",[18,34625,25962],{},[32,34627,34628],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34630,34631,34632,34634,34635],{},"In short, ",[18,34633,34604],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1217,34636,34637],{},"“What can I use here?”",[49,34639,52],{"id":51},[54,34641,34643],{"className":56,"code":34642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,34644,34645,34657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34646,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34648,8194],{"class":69},[63,34650,74],{"class":73},[63,34652,824],{"class":116},[63,34654,1995],{"class":120},[63,34656,3694],{"class":116},[63,34658,34659,34661,34663,34666,34668,34670],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34660,140],{"class":139},[63,34662,113],{"class":81},[63,34664,34665],{"class":139},"dir",[63,34667,113],{"class":81},[63,34669,816],{"class":145},[63,34671,100],{"class":81},[14,34673,222,34674,34677],{},[18,34675,34676],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34679,34680],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[54,34682,34684],{"className":56,"code":34683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,34685,34686],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34687,34688,34690,34692,34695,34697,34699,34701,34704,34706,34708,34710,34713,34715,34717,34719,34722,34724,34726,34728,34731,34733,34735,34737,34740,34742,34744,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758,34760,34763,34765,34767,34769,34772,34774],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34689,173],{"class":81},[63,34691,193],{"class":116},[63,34693,34694],{"class":120},"__add__",[63,34696,193],{"class":116},[63,34698,89],{"class":81},[63,34700,203],{"class":116},[63,34702,34703],{"class":120},"__class__",[63,34705,193],{"class":116},[63,34707,89],{"class":81},[63,34709,203],{"class":116},[63,34711,34712],{"class":120},"__contains__",[63,34714,193],{"class":116},[63,34716,89],{"class":81},[63,34718,203],{"class":116},[63,34720,34721],{"class":120},"__delattr__",[63,34723,193],{"class":116},[63,34725,89],{"class":81},[63,34727,203],{"class":116},[63,34729,34730],{"class":120},"__dir__",[63,34732,193],{"class":116},[63,34734,89],{"class":81},[63,34736,203],{"class":116},[63,34738,34739],{"class":120},"__doc__",[63,34741,193],{"class":116},[63,34743,89],{"class":81},[63,34745,34747],{"class":34746},"s_hVV"," ...",[63,34749,89],{"class":81},[63,34751,203],{"class":116},[63,34753,8957],{"class":120},[63,34755,193],{"class":116},[63,34757,89],{"class":81},[63,34759,203],{"class":116},[63,34761,34762],{"class":120},"split",[63,34764,193],{"class":116},[63,34766,89],{"class":81},[63,34768,203],{"class":116},[63,34770,34771],{"class":120},"upper",[63,34773,193],{"class":116},[63,34775,186],{"class":81},[14,34777,34778],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[49,34780,4014,34782,4017],{"id":34781},"what-dir-does",[18,34783,34604],{},[14,34785,34786,34788],{},[18,34787,34604],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34790,34791],{},"It usually includes:",[29,34793,34794,34797,34800],{},[32,34795,34796],{},"attributes",[32,34798,34799],{},"methods",[32,34801,34802],{},"special Python names",[14,34804,11766],{},[29,34806,34807,34813,34816],{},[32,34808,34809,34810],{},"The result is a ",[1217,34811,34812],{},"list of strings",[32,34814,34815],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[32,34817,34818],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34820,34821,34822,34824],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34823,34604],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[49,34826,263],{"id":262},[14,34828,34829,34831],{},[18,34830,34604],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[486,34833,34835,34837],{"id":34834},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34836,34604],{}," with no argument",[14,34839,34840],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[54,34842,34844],{"className":56,"code":34843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34845,34846,34854,34866,34870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34847,34848,34850,34852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34849,3359],{"class":69},[63,34851,74],{"class":73},[63,34853,2923],{"class":85},[63,34855,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34857,8194],{"class":69},[63,34859,74],{"class":73},[63,34861,824],{"class":116},[63,34863,7997],{"class":120},[63,34865,3694],{"class":116},[63,34867,34868],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,34869,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,34871,34872,34874,34876,34878],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,34873,140],{"class":139},[63,34875,113],{"class":81},[63,34877,34665],{"class":139},[63,34879,7515],{"class":81},[14,34881,34882,34883,4726,34885,34887],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34884,2509],{},[18,34886,816],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[486,34889,34891],{"id":34890},"dirobject",[18,34892,34676],{},[14,34894,34895],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[54,34897,34899],{"className":56,"code":34898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34900,34901,34919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34902,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911,34913,34915,34917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34904,140],{"class":139},[63,34906,113],{"class":81},[63,34908,34665],{"class":139},[63,34910,113],{"class":81},[63,34912,117],{"class":116},[63,34914,1995],{"class":120},[63,34916,117],{"class":116},[63,34918,100],{"class":81},[63,34920,34921,34923,34925,34927,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937,34939],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34922,140],{"class":139},[63,34924,113],{"class":81},[63,34926,34665],{"class":139},[63,34928,2071],{"class":81},[63,34930,86],{"class":85},[63,34932,89],{"class":81},[63,34934,92],{"class":85},[63,34936,89],{"class":81},[63,34938,97],{"class":85},[63,34940,3334],{"class":81},[14,34942,34943],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[29,34945,34946,34948,34950,34953],{},[32,34947,311],{},[32,34949,932],{},[32,34951,34952],{},"modules",[32,34954,34955],{},"custom objects",[49,34957,8733,34959,34961],{"id":34958},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34960,34604],{}," with a value",[14,34963,34964,34965,34967],{},"A common use of ",[18,34966,34604],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[486,34969,34971],{"id":34970},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[54,34973,34975],{"className":56,"code":34974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34976,34977,34990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,34978,34979,34982,34984,34986,34988],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,34980,34981],{"class":69},"text ",[63,34983,74],{"class":73},[63,34985,824],{"class":116},[63,34987,1995],{"class":120},[63,34989,3694],{"class":116},[63,34991,34992,34994,34996,34998,35000,35003],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,34993,140],{"class":139},[63,34995,113],{"class":81},[63,34997,34665],{"class":139},[63,34999,113],{"class":81},[63,35001,35002],{"class":145},"text",[63,35004,100],{"class":81},[14,35006,35007],{},"You will see method names like:",[29,35009,35010,35014,35018,35022],{},[32,35011,35012],{},[18,35013,8957],{},[32,35015,35016],{},[18,35017,34771],{},[32,35019,35020],{},[18,35021,34762],{},[32,35023,35024],{},[18,35025,8951],{},[14,35027,35028],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[486,35030,35032],{"id":35031},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[54,35034,35036],{"className":56,"code":35035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,35037,35038,35058],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35039,35040,35042,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052,35054,35056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35041,70],{"class":69},[63,35043,74],{"class":73},[63,35045,1091],{"class":81},[63,35047,86],{"class":85},[63,35049,89],{"class":81},[63,35051,92],{"class":85},[63,35053,89],{"class":81},[63,35055,97],{"class":85},[63,35057,186],{"class":81},[63,35059,35060,35062,35064,35066,35068,35070],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35061,140],{"class":139},[63,35063,113],{"class":81},[63,35065,34665],{"class":139},[63,35067,113],{"class":81},[63,35069,146],{"class":145},[63,35071,100],{"class":81},[14,35073,35007],{},[29,35075,35076,35080,35084,35089],{},[32,35077,35078],{},[18,35079,401],{},[32,35081,35082],{},[18,35083,26532],{},[32,35085,35086],{},[18,35087,35088],{},"remove",[32,35090,35091],{},[18,35092,35093],{},"sort",[14,35095,35096],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35098,35099,35100,35105,35106,35108],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[196,35101,35103],{"href":35102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,35104,2637],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,35107,34604],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[49,35110,8733,35112,34837],{"id":35111},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,35113,34604],{},[14,35115,35116,35117,35119],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,35118,34604],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35121,35122],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[54,35124,35126],{"className":56,"code":35125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,35127,35128,35137,35141,35152,35164,35168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35129,35130,35132,35134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35131,3359],{"class":69},[63,35133,74],{"class":73},[63,35135,35136],{"class":85}," 5\n",[63,35138,35139],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35140,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35142,35143,35146,35150],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35144,35145],{"class":2402},"def",[63,35147,35149],{"class":35148},"sGLFI"," greet",[63,35151,21890],{"class":81},[63,35153,35154,35157,35159,35162],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,35155,35156],{"class":1155},"    return",[63,35158,824],{"class":116},[63,35160,35161],{"class":120},"Hello",[63,35163,3694],{"class":116},[63,35165,35166],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,35167,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35169,35170,35172,35174,35176],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,35171,140],{"class":139},[63,35173,113],{"class":81},[63,35175,34665],{"class":139},[63,35177,7515],{"class":81},[14,35179,35180],{},"The output will include names like:",[29,35182,35183,35187],{},[32,35184,35185],{},[18,35186,2509],{},[32,35188,35189],{},[18,35190,35191],{},"greet",[14,35193,35194],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[29,35196,35197,35200,35203],{},[32,35198,35199],{},"what variables exist",[32,35201,35202],{},"what functions you have defined",[32,35204,35205],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35207,35208],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[49,35210,35212],{"id":35211},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35214,35215,35216,35218],{},"When you first use ",[18,35217,34604],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35220,2543],{},[54,35222,35223],{"className":56,"code":34974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,35224,35225,35237],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35226,35227,35229,35231,35233,35235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35228,34981],{"class":69},[63,35230,74],{"class":73},[63,35232,824],{"class":116},[63,35234,1995],{"class":120},[63,35236,3694],{"class":116},[63,35238,35239,35241,35243,35245,35247,35249],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35240,140],{"class":139},[63,35242,113],{"class":81},[63,35244,34665],{"class":139},[63,35246,113],{"class":81},[63,35248,35002],{"class":145},[63,35250,100],{"class":81},[14,35252,35253],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[29,35255,35256,35260,35264],{},[32,35257,35258],{},[18,35259,34703],{},[32,35261,35262],{},[18,35263,34739],{},[32,35265,35266],{},[18,35267,35268],{},"__len__",[14,35270,35271],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35273,35274],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[29,35276,35277,35281,35285,35289],{},[32,35278,35279],{},[18,35280,34771],{},[32,35282,35283],{},[18,35284,8957],{},[32,35286,35287],{},[18,35288,34762],{},[32,35290,35291],{},[18,35292,35293],{},"replace",[14,35295,35296],{},"A key point to remember:",[29,35298,35299,35307],{},[32,35300,35301,35303,35304],{},[18,35302,34604],{}," lists ",[1217,35305,35306],{},"names only",[32,35308,35309,35310,35312],{},"it does ",[1217,35311,4961],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35314,35315,35316,259],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[196,35317,35319],{"href":35318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,35320,35321],{},"help()",[14,35323,5794],{},[54,35325,35327],{"className":56,"code":35326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35328,35329,35341],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35330,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35332,8194],{"class":69},[63,35334,74],{"class":73},[63,35336,824],{"class":116},[63,35338,1995],{"class":120},[63,35340,3694],{"class":116},[63,35342,35343,35345,35347,35349,35351,35353],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35344,32444],{"class":139},[63,35346,113],{"class":81},[63,35348,816],{"class":145},[63,35350,259],{"class":81},[63,35352,34771],{"class":25042},[63,35354,126],{"class":81},[49,35356,35358,35360],{"id":35357},"dir-on-modules",[18,35359,34604],{}," on modules",[14,35362,16011,35363,35365],{},[18,35364,34604],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35367,35368],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[486,35370,35372,35373,35375],{"id":35371},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,35374,18713],{}," module",[54,35377,35379],{"className":56,"code":35378,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,35380,35381,35389,35393],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35382,35383,35386],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35384,35385],{"class":1155},"import",[63,35387,35388],{"class":69}," math\n",[63,35390,35391],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35392,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35394,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403,35405],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35396,140],{"class":139},[63,35398,113],{"class":81},[63,35400,34665],{"class":139},[63,35402,113],{"class":81},[63,35404,18713],{"class":145},[63,35406,100],{"class":81},[14,35408,35409],{},"You may see names like:",[29,35411,35412,35417,35422,35427],{},[32,35413,35414],{},[18,35415,35416],{},"sqrt",[32,35418,35419],{},[18,35420,35421],{},"ceil",[32,35423,35424],{},[18,35425,35426],{},"floor",[32,35428,35429],{},[18,35430,35431],{},"pi",[14,35433,35434],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35436,35437],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[29,35439,35440,35446],{},[32,35441,35442],{},[196,35443,35445],{"href":35444},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[32,35447,35448],{},[196,35449,35451],{"href":35450},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[486,35453,35455],{"id":35454},"another-example","Another example",[54,35457,35459],{"className":56,"code":35458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,35460,35461,35468,35472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35462,35463,35465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35464,35385],{"class":1155},[63,35466,35467],{"class":69}," json\n",[63,35469,35470],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35471,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35473,35474,35476,35478,35480,35482,35485],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35475,140],{"class":139},[63,35477,113],{"class":81},[63,35479,34665],{"class":139},[63,35481,113],{"class":81},[63,35483,35484],{"class":145},"json",[63,35486,100],{"class":81},[14,35488,35489,35490,2524,35493,2524,35496,17369,35499,259],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,35491,35492],{},"dump",[18,35494,35495],{},"dumps",[18,35497,35498],{},"load",[18,35500,35501],{},"loads",[49,35503,35505,10891,35507],{"id":35504},"dir-vs-help",[18,35506,34604],{},[18,35508,35321],{},[14,35510,35511,4726,35513,35515],{},[18,35512,34604],{},[18,35514,35321],{}," are often used together.",[486,35517,35518],{"id":34665},[18,35519,34604],{},[29,35521,35522,35525],{},[32,35523,35524],{},"shows available names",[32,35526,35527],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[486,35529,35530],{"id":32444},[18,35531,35321],{},[29,35533,35534,35537],{},[32,35535,35536],{},"explains what an object or function does",[32,35538,35539],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35541,35542],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[54,35544,35546],{"className":56,"code":35545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35547,35548,35560,35564,35578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35549,35550,35552,35554,35556,35558],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35551,8194],{"class":69},[63,35553,74],{"class":73},[63,35555,824],{"class":116},[63,35557,1995],{"class":120},[63,35559,3694],{"class":116},[63,35561,35562],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35563,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35565,35566,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35567,140],{"class":139},[63,35569,113],{"class":81},[63,35571,34665],{"class":139},[63,35573,113],{"class":81},[63,35575,816],{"class":145},[63,35577,100],{"class":81},[63,35579,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,35581,32444],{"class":139},[63,35583,113],{"class":81},[63,35585,816],{"class":145},[63,35587,259],{"class":81},[63,35589,34771],{"class":25042},[63,35591,126],{"class":81},[14,35593,222,35594,35596,35597,35599,35600,35602],{},[18,35595,34604],{}," first to find a method name.",[10153,35598],{},"\nThen use ",[18,35601,35321],{}," to understand how to use it.",[49,35604,25649],{"id":25648},[14,35606,35607],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[486,35609,35611,35613],{"id":35610},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,35612,34604],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35615,35616,35618],{},[18,35617,34604],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35620,35621,35622,35624,35625,35628],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,35623,34771],{}," in ",[18,35626,35627],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[486,35630,35632],{"id":35631},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35634,35635],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35637,35638],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[486,35640,35642],{"id":35641},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35644,35645],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35647,5794],{},[29,35649,35650,35655,35661],{},[32,35651,35652,35654],{},[18,35653,35627],{}," shows string-related names",[32,35656,35657,35660],{},[18,35658,35659],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[32,35662,35663,35666,35667,35375],{},[18,35664,35665],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,35668,18713],{},[486,35670,35672],{"id":35671},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35674,35675,35676,35678],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,35677,34604],{}," does not mean you already know:",[29,35680,35681,35684,35687],{},[32,35682,35683],{},"what it does",[32,35685,35686],{},"what arguments it needs",[32,35688,35689],{},"what it returns",[14,35691,35692,35693,35695],{},"That is why ",[18,35694,35321],{}," is the natural next step.",[49,35697,3167],{"id":3166},[14,35699,35700,35701,35703],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,35702,34604],{}," in these situations:",[29,35705,35706,35709,35718,35721],{},[32,35707,35708],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[32,35710,35711,35712,35717],{},"Seeing an ",[196,35713,35715],{"href":35714},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,35716,25962],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[32,35719,35720],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[32,35722,8733,35723,35725,35726],{},[18,35724,34604],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,35727,35321],{},[14,35729,35730],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[54,35732,35734],{"className":56,"code":35733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,35735,35736,35748,35752,35766,35780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35737,35738,35740,35742,35744,35746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35739,8194],{"class":69},[63,35741,74],{"class":73},[63,35743,824],{"class":116},[63,35745,1995],{"class":120},[63,35747,3694],{"class":116},[63,35749,35750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35751,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35753,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35755,140],{"class":139},[63,35757,113],{"class":81},[63,35759,3557],{"class":77},[63,35761,113],{"class":81},[63,35763,816],{"class":145},[63,35765,100],{"class":81},[63,35767,35768,35770,35772,35774,35776,35778],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,35769,140],{"class":139},[63,35771,113],{"class":81},[63,35773,34665],{"class":139},[63,35775,113],{"class":81},[63,35777,816],{"class":145},[63,35779,100],{"class":81},[63,35781,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,35783,32444],{"class":139},[63,35785,113],{"class":81},[63,35787,816],{"class":145},[63,35789,259],{"class":81},[63,35791,34771],{"class":25042},[63,35793,126],{"class":81},[14,35795,35796],{},"And for modules:",[54,35798,35799],{"className":56,"code":35378,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,35800,35801,35807,35811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35802,35803,35805],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35804,35385],{"class":1155},[63,35806,35388],{"class":69},[63,35808,35809],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35810,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,35812,35813,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35814,140],{"class":139},[63,35816,113],{"class":81},[63,35818,34665],{"class":139},[63,35820,113],{"class":81},[63,35822,18713],{"class":145},[63,35824,100],{"class":81},[14,35826,35827],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[54,35829,35831],{"className":56,"code":35830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35832,35833,35838,35850,35860,35874,35880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,35834,35835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,35836,35837],{"class":69},"python\n",[63,35839,35840,35842,35844,35846,35848],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,35841,8194],{"class":69},[63,35843,74],{"class":73},[63,35845,824],{"class":116},[63,35847,1995],{"class":120},[63,35849,3694],{"class":116},[63,35851,35852,35854,35856,35858],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,35853,34665],{"class":139},[63,35855,113],{"class":81},[63,35857,816],{"class":145},[63,35859,126],{"class":81},[63,35861,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,35863,32444],{"class":139},[63,35865,113],{"class":81},[63,35867,816],{"class":145},[63,35869,259],{"class":81},[63,35871,34771],{"class":25042},[63,35873,126],{"class":81},[63,35875,35876,35878],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,35877,35385],{"class":1155},[63,35879,35388],{"class":69},[63,35881,35882,35884,35886,35888],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,35883,34665],{"class":139},[63,35885,113],{"class":81},[63,35887,18713],{"class":145},[63,35889,126],{"class":81},[49,35891,2165],{"id":2164},[486,35893,5469,35895,5472],{"id":35894},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35896,34604],{},[14,35898,35899],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[486,35901,2169,35903,4726,35905,2827],{"id":35902},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35904,34604],{},[18,35906,35321],{},[14,35908,35909,35911,35912,35914],{},[18,35910,34604],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35913,35321],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[486,35916,35918,35919,35921],{"id":35917},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35920,34604],{}," output?",[14,35923,35924],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[486,35926,5497,35928,35930,35931,2827],{"id":35927},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35929,34604],{}," help fix ",[18,35932,25962],{},[14,35934,35935,35936,259],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[196,35937,35938],{"href":35714},"object has no attribute",[49,35940,2219],{"id":2218},[29,35942,35943,35949,35954,35958,35962],{},[32,35944,35945],{},[196,35946,3912,35947,3845],{"href":35318},[18,35948,35321],{},[32,35950,35951],{},[196,35952,35953],{"href":35714},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[32,35955,35956],{},[196,35957,35445],{"href":35444},[32,35959,35960],{},[196,35961,35451],{"href":35450},[32,35963,35964],{},[196,35965,3912,35966,3845],{"href":35102},[18,35967,2637],{},[14,35969,35970,35971,35973,35974,35976],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35972,34604],{}," together with ",[18,35975,35321],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2259,35978,35979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":35981},[35982,35983,35985,35990,35995,35997,35998,36004,36009,36016,36017,36027],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":34781,"depth":103,"text":35984},"What dir() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":35986},[35987,35989],{"id":34834,"depth":129,"text":35988},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34890,"depth":129,"text":34676},{"id":34958,"depth":103,"text":35991,"children":35992},"Using dir() with a value",[35993,35994],{"id":34970,"depth":129,"text":34971},{"id":35031,"depth":129,"text":35032},{"id":35111,"depth":103,"text":35996},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35211,"depth":103,"text":35212},{"id":35357,"depth":103,"text":35999,"children":36000},"dir() on modules",[36001,36003],{"id":35371,"depth":129,"text":36002},"Example: math module",{"id":35454,"depth":129,"text":35455},{"id":35504,"depth":103,"text":36005,"children":36006},"dir() vs help()",[36007,36008],{"id":34665,"depth":129,"text":34604},{"id":32444,"depth":129,"text":35321},{"id":25648,"depth":103,"text":25649,"children":36010},[36011,36013,36014,36015],{"id":35610,"depth":129,"text":36012},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35631,"depth":129,"text":35632},{"id":35641,"depth":129,"text":35642},{"id":35671,"depth":129,"text":35672},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":36018},[36019,36021,36023,36025],{"id":35894,"depth":129,"text":36020},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35902,"depth":129,"text":36022},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35917,"depth":129,"text":36024},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35927,"depth":129,"text":36026},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34596,"description":36028},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36035,"title":36036,"body":36037,"description":37850,"extension":2300,"meta":37851,"navigation":132,"path":37852,"seo":37853,"stem":37854,"__hash__":37855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36038,"toc":37819},[36039,36045,36050,36053,36061,36067,36069,36149,36151,36177,36182,36187,36192,36195,36206,36209,36211,36289,36291,36317,36324,36326,36328,36353,36356,36369,36374,36376,36454,36456,36482,36489,36494,36502,36508,36515,36518,36520,36599,36602,36659,36661,36698,36704,36709,36714,36717,36731,36733,36836,36838,36881,36890,36900,36907,36913,36920,37003,37005,37028,37031,37034,37036,37040,37044,37047,37110,37133,37136,37140,37146,37148,37215,37218,37295,37300,37306,37309,37312,37357,37359,37383,37388,37392,37397,37403,37466,37469,37471,37474,37499,37502,37637,37639,37740,37742,37747,37750,37756,37766,37774,37779,37785,37791,37793,37816],[10,36040,3912,36042,3916],{"id":36041},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,36043,36044],{},"enumerate()",[14,36046,36047,36049],{},[18,36048,36044],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,36051,36052],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[29,36054,36055,36058],{},[32,36056,36057],{},"the item itself",[32,36059,36060],{},"its index in the loop",[14,36062,36063,36064,36066],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,36065,36044],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[49,36068,52],{"id":51},[54,36070,36072],{"className":56,"code":36071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36073,36074,36106,36110,36133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36075,36076,36078,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36077,13381],{"class":69},[63,36079,74],{"class":73},[63,36081,1091],{"class":81},[63,36083,117],{"class":116},[63,36085,13398],{"class":120},[63,36087,117],{"class":116},[63,36089,89],{"class":81},[63,36091,824],{"class":116},[63,36093,17752],{"class":120},[63,36095,117],{"class":116},[63,36097,89],{"class":81},[63,36099,824],{"class":116},[63,36101,13415],{"class":120},[63,36103,117],{"class":116},[63,36105,186],{"class":81},[63,36107,36108],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36109,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36111,36112,36114,36117,36119,36122,36124,36127,36129,36131],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36113,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36115,36116],{"class":69}," index",[63,36118,89],{"class":81},[63,36120,36121],{"class":69}," color ",[63,36123,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36125,36126],{"class":139}," enumerate",[63,36128,113],{"class":81},[63,36130,17799],{"class":145},[63,36132,8657],{"class":81},[63,36134,36135,36137,36139,36142,36144,36147],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36136,8386],{"class":139},[63,36138,113],{"class":81},[63,36140,36141],{"class":145},"index",[63,36143,89],{"class":81},[63,36145,36146],{"class":145}," color",[63,36148,126],{"class":81},[14,36150,163],{},[54,36152,36154],{"className":56,"code":36153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,36155,36156,36163,36170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36157,36158,36160],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36159,687],{"class":85},[63,36161,36162],{"class":69}," red\n",[63,36164,36165,36167],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36166,86],{"class":85},[63,36168,36169],{"class":69}," green\n",[63,36171,36172,36174],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36173,2394],{"class":85},[63,36175,36176],{"class":69}," blue\n",[14,36178,222,36179,36181],{},[18,36180,36044],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[49,36183,4014,36185,4017],{"id":36184},"what-enumerate-does",[18,36186,36044],{},[14,36188,36189,36191],{},[18,36190,36044],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36193,36194],{},"It is commonly used with:",[29,36196,36197,36199,36201,36203],{},[32,36198,932],{},[32,36200,314],{},[32,36202,311],{},[32,36204,36205],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36207,36208],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36210,2543],{},[54,36212,36214],{"className":56,"code":36213,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,36215,36216,36249,36253,36274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36217,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36245,36247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36219,1755],{"class":69},[63,36221,74],{"class":73},[63,36223,1091],{"class":81},[63,36225,117],{"class":116},[63,36227,827],{"class":120},[63,36229,117],{"class":116},[63,36231,89],{"class":81},[63,36233,824],{"class":116},[63,36235,1772],{"class":120},[63,36237,117],{"class":116},[63,36239,89],{"class":81},[63,36241,824],{"class":116},[63,36243,36244],{"class":120},"Cara",[63,36246,117],{"class":116},[63,36248,186],{"class":81},[63,36250,36251],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36252,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36254,36255,36257,36259,36261,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36256,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36258,36116],{"class":69},[63,36260,89],{"class":81},[63,36262,36263],{"class":69}," name ",[63,36265,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36267,36126],{"class":139},[63,36269,113],{"class":81},[63,36271,1818],{"class":145},[63,36273,8657],{"class":81},[63,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36287],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36277,8386],{"class":139},[63,36279,113],{"class":81},[63,36281,36141],{"class":145},[63,36283,89],{"class":81},[63,36285,36286],{"class":145}," name",[63,36288,126],{"class":81},[14,36290,163],{},[54,36292,36294],{"className":56,"code":36293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,36295,36296,36303,36310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36297,36298,36300],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36299,687],{"class":85},[63,36301,36302],{"class":69}," Ana\n",[63,36304,36305,36307],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36306,86],{"class":85},[63,36308,36309],{"class":69}," Ben\n",[63,36311,36312,36314],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36313,2394],{"class":85},[63,36315,36316],{"class":69}," Cara\n",[14,36318,36319,36320,259],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[196,36321,36323],{"href":36322},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[49,36325,263],{"id":262},[14,36327,2495],{},[54,36329,36331],{"className":56,"code":36330,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,36332,36333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36334,36335,36338,36340,36342,36344,36347,36349,36351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36336,36337],{"class":139},"enumerate",[63,36339,113],{"class":81},[63,36341,288],{"class":145},[63,36343,89],{"class":81},[63,36345,36346],{"class":9491}," start",[63,36348,74],{"class":73},[63,36350,687],{"class":85},[63,36352,126],{"class":81},[14,36354,36355],{},"It has two parts:",[29,36357,36358,36363],{},[32,36359,36360,36362],{},[18,36361,288],{},": the object you want to loop through",[32,36364,36365,36368],{},[18,36366,36367],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36370,36371,36372,259],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,36373,687],{},[14,36375,2543],{},[54,36377,36379],{"className":56,"code":36378,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,36380,36381,36413,36417,36439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36382,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36384,106],{"class":69},[63,36386,74],{"class":73},[63,36388,1091],{"class":81},[63,36390,117],{"class":116},[63,36392,196],{"class":120},[63,36394,117],{"class":116},[63,36396,89],{"class":81},[63,36398,824],{"class":116},[63,36400,206],{"class":120},[63,36402,117],{"class":116},[63,36404,89],{"class":81},[63,36406,824],{"class":116},[63,36408,215],{"class":120},[63,36410,117],{"class":116},[63,36412,186],{"class":81},[63,36414,36415],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36416,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36418,36419,36421,36424,36426,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36420,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36422,36423],{"class":69}," i",[63,36425,89],{"class":81},[63,36427,36428],{"class":69}," letter ",[63,36430,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36432,36126],{"class":139},[63,36434,113],{"class":81},[63,36436,158],{"class":145},[63,36438,8657],{"class":81},[63,36440,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36452],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36442,8386],{"class":139},[63,36444,113],{"class":81},[63,36446,994],{"class":145},[63,36448,89],{"class":81},[63,36450,36451],{"class":145}," letter",[63,36453,126],{"class":81},[14,36455,163],{},[54,36457,36459],{"className":56,"code":36458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,36460,36461,36468,36475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36462,36463,36465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36464,687],{"class":85},[63,36466,36467],{"class":69}," a\n",[63,36469,36470,36472],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36471,86],{"class":85},[63,36473,36474],{"class":69}," b\n",[63,36476,36477,36479],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36478,2394],{"class":85},[63,36480,36481],{"class":69}," c\n",[14,36483,36484,36485,259],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[196,36486,3912,36487,3845],{"href":713},[18,36488,716],{},[49,36490,4014,36492,12014],{"id":36491},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,36493,36044],{},[14,36495,36496,36498,36499,259],{},[18,36497,36044],{}," returns an ",[1217,36500,36501],{},"enumerate object",[14,36503,36504,36505,36507],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,36506,6277],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[29,36509,36510],{},[32,36511,36512],{},[18,36513,36514],{},"(index, item)",[14,36516,36517],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36519,2543],{},[54,36521,36523],{"className":56,"code":36522,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,36524,36525,36558,36562,36584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36526,36527,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36528,36529],{"class":69},"fruits ",[63,36531,74],{"class":73},[63,36533,1091],{"class":81},[63,36535,117],{"class":116},[63,36537,408],{"class":120},[63,36539,117],{"class":116},[63,36541,89],{"class":81},[63,36543,824],{"class":116},[63,36545,427],{"class":120},[63,36547,117],{"class":116},[63,36549,89],{"class":81},[63,36551,824],{"class":116},[63,36553,33513],{"class":120},[63,36555,117],{"class":116},[63,36557,186],{"class":81},[63,36559,36560],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36561,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36563,36564,36566,36568,36570,36573,36575,36577,36579,36582],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36565,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36567,36116],{"class":69},[63,36569,89],{"class":81},[63,36571,36572],{"class":69}," fruit ",[63,36574,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36576,36126],{"class":139},[63,36578,113],{"class":81},[63,36580,36581],{"class":145},"fruits",[63,36583,8657],{"class":81},[63,36585,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36597],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36587,8386],{"class":139},[63,36589,113],{"class":81},[63,36591,36141],{"class":145},[63,36593,89],{"class":81},[63,36595,36596],{"class":145}," fruit",[63,36598,126],{"class":81},[14,36600,36601],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[54,36603,36605],{"className":56,"code":36604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,36606,36607,36627,36631,36649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36608,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36610,70],{"class":69},[63,36612,74],{"class":73},[63,36614,1091],{"class":81},[63,36616,741],{"class":85},[63,36618,89],{"class":81},[63,36620,746],{"class":85},[63,36622,89],{"class":81},[63,36624,751],{"class":85},[63,36626,186],{"class":81},[63,36628,36629],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36630,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36632,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36634,851],{"class":69},[63,36636,74],{"class":73},[63,36638,78],{"class":77},[63,36640,113],{"class":81},[63,36642,36337],{"class":139},[63,36644,113],{"class":81},[63,36646,146],{"class":145},[63,36648,100],{"class":81},[63,36650,36651,36653,36655,36657],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36652,140],{"class":139},[63,36654,113],{"class":81},[63,36656,875],{"class":145},[63,36658,126],{"class":81},[14,36660,163],{},[54,36662,36664],{"className":56,"code":36663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,36665,36666],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36667,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694,36696],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36669,1667],{"class":81},[63,36671,687],{"class":85},[63,36673,89],{"class":81},[63,36675,6324],{"class":85},[63,36677,1684],{"class":81},[63,36679,1687],{"class":81},[63,36681,86],{"class":85},[63,36683,89],{"class":81},[63,36685,746],{"class":85},[63,36687,1684],{"class":81},[63,36689,1687],{"class":81},[63,36691,2394],{"class":85},[63,36693,89],{"class":81},[63,36695,751],{"class":85},[63,36697,1704],{"class":81},[14,36699,36700,36701,36703],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,36702,36044],{}," produces.",[49,36705,5292,36707],{"id":36706},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,36708,36044],{},[14,36710,222,36711,36713],{},[18,36712,36044],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36715,36716],{},"Common cases:",[29,36718,36719,36722,36725,36728],{},[32,36720,36721],{},"printing numbered output",[32,36723,36724],{},"building menus",[32,36726,36727],{},"showing positions in a list",[32,36729,36730],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36732,2543],{},[54,36734,36736],{"className":56,"code":36735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,36737,36738,36773,36777,36807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36739,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36751,36753,36755,36757,36760,36762,36764,36766,36769,36771],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36741,30189],{"class":69},[63,36743,74],{"class":73},[63,36745,1091],{"class":81},[63,36747,117],{"class":116},[63,36749,36750],{"class":120},"Wash dishes",[63,36752,117],{"class":116},[63,36754,89],{"class":81},[63,36756,824],{"class":116},[63,36758,36759],{"class":120},"Study Python",[63,36761,117],{"class":116},[63,36763,89],{"class":81},[63,36765,824],{"class":116},[63,36767,36768],{"class":120},"Go for a walk",[63,36770,117],{"class":116},[63,36772,186],{"class":81},[63,36774,36775],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36776,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36778,36779,36781,36783,36785,36788,36790,36792,36794,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36780,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36782,2532],{"class":69},[63,36784,89],{"class":81},[63,36786,36787],{"class":69}," task ",[63,36789,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36791,36126],{"class":139},[63,36793,113],{"class":81},[63,36795,36796],{"class":145},"tasks",[63,36798,89],{"class":81},[63,36800,36346],{"class":9491},[63,36802,74],{"class":73},[63,36804,86],{"class":85},[63,36806,8657],{"class":81},[63,36808,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36830,36832,36834],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36810,8386],{"class":139},[63,36812,113],{"class":81},[63,36814,22587],{"class":2402},[63,36816,117],{"class":120},[63,36818,9588],{"class":85},[63,36820,2575],{"class":145},[63,36822,22596],{"class":85},[63,36824,28604],{"class":120},[63,36826,9588],{"class":85},[63,36828,36829],{"class":145},"task",[63,36831,22596],{"class":85},[63,36833,117],{"class":120},[63,36835,126],{"class":81},[14,36837,163],{},[54,36839,36841],{"className":56,"code":36840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36842,36843,36855,36867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36844,36845,36847,36849,36852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36846,86],{"class":85},[63,36848,259],{"class":81},[63,36850,36851],{"class":25042}," Wash",[63,36853,36854],{"class":69}," dishes\n",[63,36856,36857,36859,36861,36864],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36858,2394],{"class":85},[63,36860,259],{"class":81},[63,36862,36863],{"class":25042}," Study",[63,36865,36866],{"class":69}," Python\n",[63,36868,36869,36871,36873,36876,36878],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36870,1248],{"class":85},[63,36872,259],{"class":81},[63,36874,36875],{"class":25042}," Go",[63,36877,4211],{"class":1155},[63,36879,36880],{"class":69}," a walk\n",[14,36882,36883,36884,36886,36887,259],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36885,36044],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36888,36889],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36891,36892,36893,259],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[196,36894,36896,36897,36899],{"href":36895},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36898,36044],{}," in Python",[49,36901,36903,36904,36906],{"id":36902},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36905,36367],{}," argument",[14,36908,36909,36910,36912],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36911,36367],{}," argument.",[14,36914,36915,36916,11398,36918,821],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36917,86],{},[18,36919,687],{},[54,36921,36923],{"className":56,"code":36922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36924,36925,36957,36961,36989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,36926,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,36928,13381],{"class":69},[63,36930,74],{"class":73},[63,36932,1091],{"class":81},[63,36934,117],{"class":116},[63,36936,13398],{"class":120},[63,36938,117],{"class":116},[63,36940,89],{"class":81},[63,36942,824],{"class":116},[63,36944,17752],{"class":120},[63,36946,117],{"class":116},[63,36948,89],{"class":81},[63,36950,824],{"class":116},[63,36952,13415],{"class":120},[63,36954,117],{"class":116},[63,36956,186],{"class":81},[63,36958,36959],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,36960,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,36962,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,36964,6277],{"class":1155},[63,36966,36116],{"class":69},[63,36968,89],{"class":81},[63,36970,36121],{"class":69},[63,36972,4217],{"class":1155},[63,36974,36126],{"class":139},[63,36976,113],{"class":81},[63,36978,17799],{"class":145},[63,36980,89],{"class":81},[63,36982,36346],{"class":9491},[63,36984,74],{"class":73},[63,36986,86],{"class":85},[63,36988,8657],{"class":81},[63,36990,36991,36993,36995,36997,36999,37001],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,36992,8386],{"class":139},[63,36994,113],{"class":81},[63,36996,36141],{"class":145},[63,36998,89],{"class":81},[63,37000,36146],{"class":145},[63,37002,126],{"class":81},[14,37004,163],{},[54,37006,37008],{"className":56,"code":37007,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,37009,37010,37016,37022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37011,37012,37014],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37013,86],{"class":85},[63,37015,36162],{"class":69},[63,37017,37018,37020],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37019,2394],{"class":85},[63,37021,36169],{"class":69},[63,37023,37024,37026],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37025,1248],{"class":85},[63,37027,36176],{"class":69},[14,37029,37030],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,37032,37033],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[49,37035,25649],{"id":25648},[14,37037,25652,37038,259],{},[18,37039,36044],{},[486,37041,37043],{"id":37042},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,37045,37046],{},"In this loop:",[54,37048,37050],{"className":56,"code":37049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,37051,37052,37072,37076,37096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37053,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37055,70],{"class":69},[63,37057,74],{"class":73},[63,37059,1091],{"class":81},[63,37061,741],{"class":85},[63,37063,89],{"class":81},[63,37065,746],{"class":85},[63,37067,89],{"class":81},[63,37069,751],{"class":85},[63,37071,186],{"class":81},[63,37073,37074],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37075,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,37077,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37079,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37081,36116],{"class":69},[63,37083,89],{"class":81},[63,37085,21879],{"class":69},[63,37087,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37089,36126],{"class":139},[63,37091,113],{"class":81},[63,37093,146],{"class":145},[63,37095,8657],{"class":81},[63,37097,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37099,8386],{"class":139},[63,37101,113],{"class":81},[63,37103,36141],{"class":145},[63,37105,89],{"class":81},[63,37107,8749],{"class":145},[63,37109,126],{"class":81},[29,37111,37112,37122],{},[32,37113,37114,5114,37116,2524,37118,2524,37120],{},[18,37115,36141],{},[18,37117,687],{},[18,37119,86],{},[18,37121,2394],{},[32,37123,37124,5114,37126,2524,37128,2524,37130],{},[18,37125,2807],{},[18,37127,741],{},[18,37129,16051],{},[18,37131,37132],{},"30",[14,37134,37135],{},"These are different things.",[486,37137,37139],{"id":37138},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37141,37142,37143,37145],{},"Each item from ",[18,37144,36044],{}," is a pair.",[14,37147,7008],{},[54,37149,37151],{"className":56,"code":37150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,37152,37153,37177,37181,37201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37154,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37156,342],{"class":69},[63,37158,74],{"class":73},[63,37160,1091],{"class":81},[63,37162,117],{"class":116},[63,37164,2509],{"class":120},[63,37166,117],{"class":116},[63,37168,89],{"class":81},[63,37170,824],{"class":116},[63,37172,12054],{"class":120},[63,37174,117],{"class":116},[63,37176,186],{"class":81},[63,37178,37179],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37180,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,37182,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37184,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37186,36423],{"class":69},[63,37188,89],{"class":81},[63,37190,6280],{"class":69},[63,37192,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37194,36126],{"class":139},[63,37196,113],{"class":81},[63,37198,357],{"class":145},[63,37200,8657],{"class":81},[63,37202,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37204,8386],{"class":139},[63,37206,113],{"class":81},[63,37208,994],{"class":145},[63,37210,89],{"class":81},[63,37212,29798],{"class":145},[63,37214,126],{"class":81},[14,37216,37217],{},"But this causes an error:",[54,37219,37221],{"className":56,"code":37220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,37222,37223,37247,37251,37276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37224,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37226,342],{"class":69},[63,37228,74],{"class":73},[63,37230,1091],{"class":81},[63,37232,117],{"class":116},[63,37234,2509],{"class":120},[63,37236,117],{"class":116},[63,37238,89],{"class":81},[63,37240,824],{"class":116},[63,37242,12054],{"class":120},[63,37244,117],{"class":116},[63,37246,186],{"class":81},[63,37248,37249],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37250,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,37252,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37254,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37256,36423],{"class":69},[63,37258,89],{"class":81},[63,37260,29798],{"class":69},[63,37262,89],{"class":81},[63,37264,37265],{"class":69}," extra ",[63,37267,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37269,36126],{"class":139},[63,37271,113],{"class":81},[63,37273,357],{"class":145},[63,37275,8657],{"class":81},[63,37277,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37293],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37279,8386],{"class":139},[63,37281,113],{"class":81},[63,37283,994],{"class":145},[63,37285,89],{"class":81},[63,37287,29798],{"class":145},[63,37289,89],{"class":81},[63,37291,37292],{"class":145}," extra",[63,37294,126],{"class":81},[14,37296,29352,37297,37299],{},[18,37298,36044],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[486,37301,37303,37305],{"id":37302},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,37304,36044],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37307,37308],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37310,37311],{},"Example with a string:",[54,37313,37315],{"className":56,"code":37314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,37316,37317,37342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37318,37319,37321,37323,37325,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37320,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37322,36116],{"class":69},[63,37324,89],{"class":81},[63,37326,37327],{"class":69}," char ",[63,37329,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37331,36126],{"class":139},[63,37333,113],{"class":81},[63,37335,117],{"class":116},[63,37337,580],{"class":120},[63,37339,117],{"class":116},[63,37341,8657],{"class":81},[63,37343,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37355],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37345,8386],{"class":139},[63,37347,113],{"class":81},[63,37349,36141],{"class":145},[63,37351,89],{"class":81},[63,37353,37354],{"class":145}," char",[63,37356,126],{"class":81},[14,37358,163],{},[54,37360,37362],{"className":56,"code":37361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,37363,37364,37370,37376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37365,37366,37368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37367,687],{"class":85},[63,37369,36481],{"class":69},[63,37371,37372,37374],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37373,86],{"class":85},[63,37375,36467],{"class":69},[63,37377,37378,37380],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37379,2394],{"class":85},[63,37381,37382],{"class":69}," t\n",[14,37384,37385,37386,259],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[196,37387,1060],{"href":1059},[486,37389,37391],{"id":37390},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37393,37394,37395,259],{},"You do not always need ",[18,37396,36044],{},[14,37398,37399,37400,37402],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,37401,6277],{}," loop:",[54,37404,37406],{"className":56,"code":37405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,37407,37408,37440,37444,37456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37409,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37411,13381],{"class":69},[63,37413,74],{"class":73},[63,37415,1091],{"class":81},[63,37417,117],{"class":116},[63,37419,13398],{"class":120},[63,37421,117],{"class":116},[63,37423,89],{"class":81},[63,37425,824],{"class":116},[63,37427,17752],{"class":120},[63,37429,117],{"class":116},[63,37431,89],{"class":81},[63,37433,824],{"class":116},[63,37435,13415],{"class":120},[63,37437,117],{"class":116},[63,37439,186],{"class":81},[63,37441,37442],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37443,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,37445,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37447,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37449,36121],{"class":69},[63,37451,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37453,13429],{"class":69},[63,37455,6713],{"class":81},[63,37457,37458,37460,37462,37464],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37459,8386],{"class":139},[63,37461,113],{"class":81},[63,37463,33183],{"class":145},[63,37465,126],{"class":81},[14,37467,37468],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[49,37470,3167],{"id":3166},[14,37472,37473],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[29,37475,37476,37481,37487,37492],{},[32,37477,23393,37478,37480],{},[18,37479,36044],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[32,37482,37483,37484,37486],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,37485,687],{}," by default",[32,37488,8733,37489,37491],{},[18,37490,36044],{}," when only values are needed",[32,37493,37494,37495,9021,37497],{},"Confusing ",[18,37496,36044],{},[18,37498,716],{},[14,37500,37501],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[54,37503,37505],{"className":56,"code":37504,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,37506,37507,37529,37556,37590,37623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37508,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37510,140],{"class":139},[63,37512,113],{"class":81},[63,37514,36337],{"class":139},[63,37516,2071],{"class":81},[63,37518,741],{"class":85},[63,37520,89],{"class":81},[63,37522,746],{"class":85},[63,37524,89],{"class":81},[63,37526,751],{"class":85},[63,37528,3334],{"class":81},[63,37530,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37532,140],{"class":139},[63,37534,113],{"class":81},[63,37536,276],{"class":77},[63,37538,113],{"class":81},[63,37540,36337],{"class":139},[63,37542,2071],{"class":81},[63,37544,741],{"class":85},[63,37546,89],{"class":81},[63,37548,746],{"class":85},[63,37550,89],{"class":81},[63,37552,751],{"class":85},[63,37554,37555],{"class":81},"])))\n",[63,37557,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37559,140],{"class":139},[63,37561,113],{"class":81},[63,37563,276],{"class":77},[63,37565,113],{"class":81},[63,37567,36337],{"class":139},[63,37569,2071],{"class":81},[63,37571,741],{"class":85},[63,37573,89],{"class":81},[63,37575,746],{"class":85},[63,37577,89],{"class":81},[63,37579,751],{"class":85},[63,37581,1243],{"class":81},[63,37583,36346],{"class":9491},[63,37585,74],{"class":73},[63,37587,86],{"class":85},[63,37589,1965],{"class":81},[63,37591,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37593,6277],{"class":1155},[63,37595,36423],{"class":69},[63,37597,89],{"class":81},[63,37599,21879],{"class":69},[63,37601,4217],{"class":1155},[63,37603,36126],{"class":139},[63,37605,2071],{"class":81},[63,37607,193],{"class":116},[63,37609,196],{"class":120},[63,37611,193],{"class":116},[63,37613,89],{"class":81},[63,37615,203],{"class":116},[63,37617,206],{"class":120},[63,37619,193],{"class":116},[63,37621,37622],{"class":81},"]):\n",[63,37624,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,37626,8386],{"class":139},[63,37628,113],{"class":81},[63,37630,994],{"class":145},[63,37632,89],{"class":81},[63,37634,8749],{"class":145},[63,37636,126],{"class":81},[14,37638,768],{},[54,37640,37642],{"className":56,"code":37641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,37643,37644,37664,37696,37728,37734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37645,37646,37648,37650,37652,37655,37659,37662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37647,3626],{"class":73},[63,37649,36337],{"class":139},[63,37651,1044],{"class":77},[63,37653,37654],{"class":69}," at ",[63,37656,37658],{"class":37657},"srjyR","0x",[63,37660,37661],{"class":34746},"...",[63,37663,3638],{"class":73},[63,37665,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37694],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37667,1667],{"class":81},[63,37669,687],{"class":85},[63,37671,89],{"class":81},[63,37673,6324],{"class":85},[63,37675,1684],{"class":81},[63,37677,1687],{"class":81},[63,37679,86],{"class":85},[63,37681,89],{"class":81},[63,37683,746],{"class":85},[63,37685,1684],{"class":81},[63,37687,1687],{"class":81},[63,37689,2394],{"class":85},[63,37691,89],{"class":81},[63,37693,751],{"class":85},[63,37695,1704],{"class":81},[63,37697,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37699,1667],{"class":81},[63,37701,86],{"class":85},[63,37703,89],{"class":81},[63,37705,6324],{"class":85},[63,37707,1684],{"class":81},[63,37709,1687],{"class":81},[63,37711,2394],{"class":85},[63,37713,89],{"class":81},[63,37715,746],{"class":85},[63,37717,1684],{"class":81},[63,37719,1687],{"class":81},[63,37721,1248],{"class":85},[63,37723,89],{"class":81},[63,37725,751],{"class":85},[63,37727,1704],{"class":81},[63,37729,37730,37732],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,37731,687],{"class":85},[63,37733,36467],{"class":69},[63,37735,37736,37738],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,37737,86],{"class":85},[63,37739,36474],{"class":69},[49,37741,2165],{"id":2164},[486,37743,5469,37745,5472],{"id":37744},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,37746,36044],{},[14,37748,37749],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[486,37751,13011,37753,37755],{"id":37752},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,37754,36044],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37757,37758,37759,37761,37762,37765],{},"It starts at ",[18,37760,687],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,37763,37764],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[486,37767,21715,37769,11398,37771,2827],{"id":37768},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,37770,36044],{},[18,37772,37773],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37775,36883,37776,37778],{},[18,37777,36044],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[486,37780,5497,37782,37784],{"id":37781},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37783,36044],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37786,37787,37788,37790],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37789,36044],{}," can return each character with its index.",[49,37792,2219],{"id":2218},[29,37794,37795,37799,37805,37812],{},[32,37796,37797],{},[196,37798,36323],{"href":36322},[32,37800,37801],{},[196,37802,3912,37803,3845],{"href":713},[18,37804,716],{},[32,37806,37807],{},[196,37808,37809,37810,36899],{"href":36895},"How to use ",[18,37811,36044],{},[32,37813,37814],{},[196,37815,2243],{"href":1059},[2259,37817,37818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":37820},[37821,37822,37824,37825,37827,37829,37831,37838,37839,37849],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":36184,"depth":103,"text":37823},"What enumerate() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":36491,"depth":103,"text":37826},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36706,"depth":103,"text":37828},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36902,"depth":103,"text":37830},"Using the start argument",{"id":25648,"depth":103,"text":25649,"children":37832},[37833,37834,37835,37837],{"id":37042,"depth":129,"text":37043},{"id":37138,"depth":129,"text":37139},{"id":37302,"depth":129,"text":37836},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37390,"depth":129,"text":37391},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":37840},[37841,37843,37845,37847],{"id":37744,"depth":129,"text":37842},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37752,"depth":129,"text":37844},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37768,"depth":129,"text":37846},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37781,"depth":129,"text":37848},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36036,"description":37850},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37857,"title":37858,"body":37859,"description":40373,"extension":2300,"meta":40374,"navigation":132,"path":40375,"seo":40376,"stem":40377,"__hash__":40378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37860,"toc":40330},[37861,37867,37872,37875,37883,37897,37899,37990,37998,38003,38008,38010,38026,38028,38107,38109,38126,38132,38136,38138,38159,38163,38166,38178,38182,38185,38188,38205,38208,38284,38286,38303,38308,38312,38320,38323,38338,38340,38429,38431,38476,38479,38483,38486,38565,38567,38588,38591,38598,38603,38606,38709,38711,38735,38738,38745,38751,38756,38759,38770,38876,38878,38899,38907,38914,38920,38939,38944,38947,38966,38968,39053,39055,39084,39087,39092,39097,39100,39111,39113,39202,39204,39224,39230,39336,39338,39358,39361,39445,39447,39467,39474,39476,39480,39486,39489,39546,39549,39552,39613,39622,39625,39628,39656,39659,39719,39721,39738,39742,39745,39823,39825,39845,39848,39923,39927,39930,39932,39941,39946,39948,39999,40007,40019,40024,40085,40087,40104,40108,40171,40173,40198,40206,40208,40214,40220,40227,40235,40241,40244,40251,40261,40267,40273,40276,40293,40299,40301,40327],[10,37862,3912,37864,3916],{"id":37863},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37865,37866],{},"filter()",[14,37868,37869,37871],{},[18,37870,37866],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37873,37874],{},"It takes:",[29,37876,37877,37880],{},[32,37878,37879],{},"a function that checks each item",[32,37881,37882],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37884,37885,37886,37889,37890,37893,37894,37896],{},"The result is ",[1217,37887,37888],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37891,37892],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37895,20],{}," to see the values.",[49,37898,52],{"id":51},[54,37900,37902],{"className":56,"code":37901,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37903,37904,37937,37973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37935],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,37907,70],{"class":69},[63,37909,74],{"class":73},[63,37911,1091],{"class":81},[63,37913,86],{"class":85},[63,37915,89],{"class":81},[63,37917,92],{"class":85},[63,37919,89],{"class":81},[63,37921,97],{"class":85},[63,37923,89],{"class":81},[63,37925,705],{"class":85},[63,37927,89],{"class":81},[63,37929,4935],{"class":85},[63,37931,89],{"class":81},[63,37933,37934],{"class":85}," 6",[63,37936,186],{"class":81},[63,37938,37939,37941,37943,37946,37948,37951,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,37940,851],{"class":69},[63,37942,74],{"class":73},[63,37944,37945],{"class":139}," filter",[63,37947,113],{"class":81},[63,37949,37950],{"class":2402},"lambda",[63,37952,37954],{"class":37953},"sFwrP"," x",[63,37956,821],{"class":81},[63,37958,4214],{"class":145},[63,37960,6723],{"class":73},[63,37962,92],{"class":85},[63,37964,6728],{"class":73},[63,37966,4169],{"class":85},[63,37968,89],{"class":81},[63,37970,4595],{"class":145},[63,37972,126],{"class":81},[63,37974,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,37976,140],{"class":139},[63,37978,113],{"class":81},[63,37980,276],{"class":77},[63,37982,113],{"class":81},[63,37984,875],{"class":145},[63,37986,5683],{"class":81},[63,37988,37989],{"class":1910},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37991,37992,37994,37995,37997],{},[18,37993,37866],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37996,20],{}," to see the results.",[49,37999,4014,38001,4017],{"id":38000},"what-filter-does",[18,38002,37866],{},[14,38004,38005,38007],{},[18,38006,37866],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,38009,2444],{},[29,38011,38012,38015,38021],{},[32,38013,38014],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[32,38016,38017,38018,38020],{},"if the test returns ",[18,38019,3941],{},", the item is kept",[32,38022,38017,38023,38025],{},[18,38024,4010],{},", the item is removed",[14,38027,2543],{},[54,38029,38031],{"className":56,"code":38030,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38032,38033,38061,38065,38093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38034,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38036,70],{"class":69},[63,38038,74],{"class":73},[63,38040,1091],{"class":81},[63,38042,86],{"class":85},[63,38044,89],{"class":81},[63,38046,92],{"class":85},[63,38048,89],{"class":81},[63,38050,97],{"class":85},[63,38052,89],{"class":81},[63,38054,705],{"class":85},[63,38056,89],{"class":81},[63,38058,4935],{"class":85},[63,38060,186],{"class":81},[63,38062,38063],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38064,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38066,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38068,851],{"class":69},[63,38070,74],{"class":73},[63,38072,37945],{"class":139},[63,38074,113],{"class":81},[63,38076,37950],{"class":2402},[63,38078,37954],{"class":37953},[63,38080,821],{"class":81},[63,38082,4214],{"class":145},[63,38084,4584],{"class":73},[63,38086,97],{"class":85},[63,38088,89],{"class":81},[63,38090,4595],{"class":145},[63,38092,126],{"class":81},[63,38094,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103,38105],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38096,140],{"class":139},[63,38098,113],{"class":81},[63,38100,276],{"class":77},[63,38102,113],{"class":81},[63,38104,875],{"class":145},[63,38106,100],{"class":81},[14,38108,163],{},[54,38110,38112],{"className":56,"code":38111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[4, 5]\n",[18,38113,38114],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38115,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38117,173],{"class":81},[63,38119,2840],{"class":85},[63,38121,89],{"class":81},[63,38123,4935],{"class":85},[63,38125,186],{"class":81},[14,38127,38128,38129,38131],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,38130,1248],{}," are kept.",[49,38133,38135],{"id":38134},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38137,2495],{},[54,38139,38141],{"className":56,"code":38140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,38142,38143],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38144,38145,38147,38149,38152,38154,38157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38146,37892],{"class":139},[63,38148,113],{"class":81},[63,38150,38151],{"class":145},"function",[63,38153,89],{"class":81},[63,38155,38156],{"class":145}," iterable",[63,38158,126],{"class":81},[486,38160,38161],{"id":38151},[18,38162,38151],{},[14,38164,38165],{},"This is the test function.",[29,38167,38168,38171],{},[32,38169,38170],{},"It receives one item at a time",[32,38172,38173,38174,1725,38176],{},"It should return ",[18,38175,3941],{},[18,38177,4010],{},[486,38179,38180],{"id":288},[18,38181,288],{},[14,38183,38184],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38186,38187],{},"It can be:",[29,38189,38190,38193,38196,38199,38202],{},[32,38191,38192],{},"a list",[32,38194,38195],{},"a tuple",[32,38197,38198],{},"a string",[32,38200,38201],{},"a set",[32,38203,38204],{},"another iterable object",[14,38206,38207],{},"Example with a tuple:",[54,38209,38211],{"className":56,"code":38210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38212,38213,38238,38242,38270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38214,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38216,70],{"class":69},[63,38218,74],{"class":73},[63,38220,1687],{"class":81},[63,38222,741],{"class":85},[63,38224,89],{"class":81},[63,38226,38227],{"class":85}," 15",[63,38229,89],{"class":81},[63,38231,746],{"class":85},[63,38233,89],{"class":81},[63,38235,843],{"class":85},[63,38237,126],{"class":81},[63,38239,38240],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38241,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38243,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38245,851],{"class":69},[63,38247,74],{"class":73},[63,38249,37945],{"class":139},[63,38251,113],{"class":81},[63,38253,37950],{"class":2402},[63,38255,37954],{"class":37953},[63,38257,821],{"class":81},[63,38259,4214],{"class":145},[63,38261,5427],{"class":73},[63,38263,746],{"class":85},[63,38265,89],{"class":81},[63,38267,4595],{"class":145},[63,38269,126],{"class":81},[63,38271,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38273,140],{"class":139},[63,38275,113],{"class":81},[63,38277,276],{"class":77},[63,38279,113],{"class":81},[63,38281,875],{"class":145},[63,38283,100],{"class":81},[14,38285,163],{},[54,38287,38289],{"className":56,"code":38288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 25]\n",[18,38290,38291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38292,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38294,173],{"class":81},[63,38296,16051],{"class":85},[63,38298,89],{"class":81},[63,38300,843],{"class":85},[63,38302,186],{"class":81},[14,38304,38305,38306,259],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[196,38307,1060],{"href":1059},[49,38309,38311],{"id":38310},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38313,38314,38315,22269,38317,259],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,38316,37866],{},[1217,38318,38319],{},"filter object",[14,38321,38322],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[29,38324,38325,38328,38333],{},[32,38326,38327],{},"loop through it",[32,38329,38330,38331],{},"convert it with ",[18,38332,20],{},[32,38334,38330,38335],{},[18,38336,38337],{},"tuple()",[14,38339,2543],{},[54,38341,38343],{"className":56,"code":38342,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38344,38345,38387,38391,38401,38415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38348,851],{"class":69},[63,38350,74],{"class":73},[63,38352,37945],{"class":139},[63,38354,113],{"class":81},[63,38356,37950],{"class":2402},[63,38358,37954],{"class":37953},[63,38360,821],{"class":81},[63,38362,4214],{"class":145},[63,38364,4584],{"class":73},[63,38366,92],{"class":85},[63,38368,89],{"class":81},[63,38370,1091],{"class":81},[63,38372,86],{"class":85},[63,38374,89],{"class":81},[63,38376,92],{"class":85},[63,38378,89],{"class":81},[63,38380,97],{"class":85},[63,38382,89],{"class":81},[63,38384,705],{"class":85},[63,38386,2080],{"class":81},[63,38388,38389],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38390,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38392,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38394,140],{"class":139},[63,38396,113],{"class":81},[63,38398,875],{"class":145},[63,38400,126],{"class":81},[63,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38404,140],{"class":139},[63,38406,113],{"class":81},[63,38408,3557],{"class":77},[63,38410,113],{"class":81},[63,38412,875],{"class":145},[63,38414,100],{"class":81},[63,38416,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,38418,140],{"class":139},[63,38420,113],{"class":81},[63,38422,276],{"class":77},[63,38424,113],{"class":81},[63,38426,875],{"class":145},[63,38428,100],{"class":81},[14,38430,163],{},[54,38432,38434],{"className":56,"code":38433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,38435,38436,38450,38464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38437,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38439,3626],{"class":73},[63,38441,37892],{"class":139},[63,38443,1044],{"class":77},[63,38445,37654],{"class":69},[63,38447,37661],{"class":34746},[63,38449,3638],{"class":73},[63,38451,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38453,3626],{"class":73},[63,38455,3629],{"class":2402},[63,38457,203],{"class":116},[63,38459,37892],{"class":120},[63,38461,193],{"class":116},[63,38463,3638],{"class":73},[63,38465,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38467,173],{"class":81},[63,38469,1248],{"class":85},[63,38471,89],{"class":81},[63,38473,705],{"class":85},[63,38475,186],{"class":81},[14,38477,38478],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[486,38480,38482],{"id":38481},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38484,38485],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[54,38487,38489],{"className":56,"code":38488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38490,38491,38533,38537,38551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38492,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38494,851],{"class":69},[63,38496,74],{"class":73},[63,38498,37945],{"class":139},[63,38500,113],{"class":81},[63,38502,37950],{"class":2402},[63,38504,37954],{"class":37953},[63,38506,821],{"class":81},[63,38508,4214],{"class":145},[63,38510,4584],{"class":73},[63,38512,92],{"class":85},[63,38514,89],{"class":81},[63,38516,1091],{"class":81},[63,38518,86],{"class":85},[63,38520,89],{"class":81},[63,38522,92],{"class":85},[63,38524,89],{"class":81},[63,38526,97],{"class":85},[63,38528,89],{"class":81},[63,38530,705],{"class":85},[63,38532,2080],{"class":81},[63,38534,38535],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38536,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38538,38539,38541,38543,38545,38547,38549],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38540,140],{"class":139},[63,38542,113],{"class":81},[63,38544,276],{"class":77},[63,38546,113],{"class":81},[63,38548,875],{"class":145},[63,38550,100],{"class":81},[63,38552,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38554,140],{"class":139},[63,38556,113],{"class":81},[63,38558,276],{"class":77},[63,38560,113],{"class":81},[63,38562,875],{"class":145},[63,38564,100],{"class":81},[14,38566,163],{},[54,38568,38570],{"className":56,"code":38569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,38571,38572,38584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38575,173],{"class":81},[63,38577,1248],{"class":85},[63,38579,89],{"class":81},[63,38581,705],{"class":85},[63,38583,186],{"class":81},[63,38585,38586],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38587,364],{"class":81},[14,38589,38590],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[49,38592,8733,38594,9021,38596],{"id":38593},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,38595,37866],{},[18,38597,37950],{},[14,38599,15485,38600,38602],{},[18,38601,37950],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38604,38605],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[54,38607,38609],{"className":56,"code":38608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38610,38611,38653,38657,38695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38612,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38649,38651],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38614,4403],{"class":69},[63,38616,74],{"class":73},[63,38618,1091],{"class":81},[63,38620,117],{"class":116},[63,38622,408],{"class":120},[63,38624,117],{"class":116},[63,38626,89],{"class":81},[63,38628,824],{"class":116},[63,38630,38631],{"class":120},"kiwi",[63,38633,117],{"class":116},[63,38635,89],{"class":81},[63,38637,824],{"class":116},[63,38639,427],{"class":120},[63,38641,117],{"class":116},[63,38643,89],{"class":81},[63,38645,824],{"class":116},[63,38647,38648],{"class":120},"fig",[63,38650,117],{"class":116},[63,38652,186],{"class":81},[63,38654,38655],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38656,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38672,38674,38677,38679,38682,38684,38687,38689,38691,38693],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38660,851],{"class":69},[63,38662,74],{"class":73},[63,38664,37945],{"class":139},[63,38666,113],{"class":81},[63,38668,37950],{"class":2402},[63,38670,38671],{"class":37953}," word",[63,38673,821],{"class":81},[63,38675,38676],{"class":139}," len",[63,38678,113],{"class":81},[63,38680,38681],{"class":145},"word",[63,38683,3997],{"class":81},[63,38685,38686],{"class":73}," >",[63,38688,705],{"class":85},[63,38690,89],{"class":81},[63,38692,6488],{"class":145},[63,38694,126],{"class":81},[63,38696,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38698,140],{"class":139},[63,38700,113],{"class":81},[63,38702,276],{"class":77},[63,38704,113],{"class":81},[63,38706,875],{"class":145},[63,38708,100],{"class":81},[14,38710,163],{},[54,38712,38713],{"className":56,"code":451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,38714,38715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38718,173],{"class":81},[63,38720,193],{"class":116},[63,38722,408],{"class":120},[63,38724,193],{"class":116},[63,38726,89],{"class":81},[63,38728,203],{"class":116},[63,38730,427],{"class":120},[63,38732,193],{"class":116},[63,38734,186],{"class":81},[14,38736,38737],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38739,38740,38741,259],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[196,38742,38744],{"href":38743},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[49,38746,8733,38748,38750],{"id":38747},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,38749,37866],{}," with a named function",[14,38752,38753,38754,259],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,38755,37950],{},[14,38757,38758],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[29,38760,38761,38764,38767],{},[32,38762,38763],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[32,38765,38766],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[32,38768,38769],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[54,38771,38773],{"className":56,"code":38772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38774,38775,38788,38803,38807,38839,38858,38862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38776,38777,38779,38782,38784,38786],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38778,35145],{"class":2402},[63,38780,38781],{"class":35148}," is_even",[63,38783,113],{"class":81},[63,38785,2575],{"class":37953},[63,38787,8657],{"class":81},[63,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,38791,35156],{"class":1155},[63,38793,6706],{"class":69},[63,38795,6723],{"class":73},[63,38797,92],{"class":85},[63,38799,6728],{"class":73},[63,38801,38802],{"class":85}," 0\n",[63,38804,38805],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,38806,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38808,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,38810,70],{"class":69},[63,38812,74],{"class":73},[63,38814,1091],{"class":81},[63,38816,86],{"class":85},[63,38818,89],{"class":81},[63,38820,92],{"class":85},[63,38822,89],{"class":81},[63,38824,97],{"class":85},[63,38826,89],{"class":81},[63,38828,705],{"class":85},[63,38830,89],{"class":81},[63,38832,4935],{"class":85},[63,38834,89],{"class":81},[63,38836,37934],{"class":85},[63,38838,186],{"class":81},[63,38840,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38852,38854,38856],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,38842,851],{"class":69},[63,38844,74],{"class":73},[63,38846,37945],{"class":139},[63,38848,113],{"class":81},[63,38850,38851],{"class":145},"is_even",[63,38853,89],{"class":81},[63,38855,4595],{"class":145},[63,38857,126],{"class":81},[63,38859,38860],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,38861,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,38863,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,38865,140],{"class":139},[63,38867,113],{"class":81},[63,38869,276],{"class":77},[63,38871,113],{"class":81},[63,38873,875],{"class":145},[63,38875,100],{"class":81},[14,38877,163],{},[54,38879,38881],{"className":56,"code":38880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38882,38883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38884,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38886,173],{"class":81},[63,38888,2394],{"class":85},[63,38890,89],{"class":81},[63,38892,705],{"class":85},[63,38894,89],{"class":81},[63,38896,37934],{"class":85},[63,38898,186],{"class":81},[14,38900,21065,38901,2732,38904,38906],{},[18,38902,38903],{},"is_even()",[18,38905,3941],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[49,38908,8733,38910,9021,38912],{"id":38909},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38911,4115],{},[18,38913,37866],{},[14,38915,38916,38917,38919],{},"You can pass ",[18,38918,4115],{}," as the first argument:",[54,38921,38923],{"className":56,"code":38922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38924,38925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38926,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38928,37892],{"class":139},[63,38930,113],{"class":81},[63,38932,4115],{"class":1205},[63,38934,89],{"class":81},[63,38936,38156],{"class":145},[63,38938,126],{"class":81},[14,38940,38941,38942,7660],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1217,38943,5915],{},[14,38945,38946],{},"Falsy values include:",[29,38948,38949,38953,38958,38962],{},[32,38950,38951],{},[18,38952,687],{},[32,38954,38955,38957],{},[18,38956,4110],{}," (empty string)",[32,38959,38960],{},[18,38961,4115],{},[32,38963,38964],{},[18,38965,4010],{},[14,38967,2543],{},[54,38969,38971],{"className":56,"code":38970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38972,38973,39017,39021,39039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,38974,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,38976,342],{"class":69},[63,38978,74],{"class":73},[63,38980,1091],{"class":81},[63,38982,687],{"class":85},[63,38984,89],{"class":81},[63,38986,692],{"class":85},[63,38988,89],{"class":81},[63,38990,6446],{"class":116},[63,38992,89],{"class":81},[63,38994,824],{"class":116},[63,38996,1995],{"class":120},[63,38998,117],{"class":116},[63,39000,89],{"class":81},[63,39002,4187],{"class":1205},[63,39004,89],{"class":81},[63,39006,4249],{"class":1205},[63,39008,89],{"class":81},[63,39010,4240],{"class":1205},[63,39012,89],{"class":81},[63,39014,4935],{"class":85},[63,39016,186],{"class":81},[63,39018,39019],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39020,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39022,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39024,851],{"class":69},[63,39026,74],{"class":73},[63,39028,37945],{"class":139},[63,39030,113],{"class":81},[63,39032,4115],{"class":1205},[63,39034,89],{"class":81},[63,39036,6285],{"class":145},[63,39038,126],{"class":81},[63,39040,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39042,140],{"class":139},[63,39044,113],{"class":81},[63,39046,276],{"class":77},[63,39048,113],{"class":81},[63,39050,875],{"class":145},[63,39052,100],{"class":81},[14,39054,163],{},[54,39056,39058],{"className":56,"code":39057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,39059,39060],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39061,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39063,173],{"class":81},[63,39065,86],{"class":85},[63,39067,89],{"class":81},[63,39069,203],{"class":116},[63,39071,1995],{"class":120},[63,39073,193],{"class":116},[63,39075,89],{"class":81},[63,39077,4249],{"class":1205},[63,39079,89],{"class":81},[63,39081,4935],{"class":85},[63,39083,186],{"class":81},[14,39085,39086],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[49,39088,5292,39090],{"id":39089},"when-to-use-filter",[18,39091,37866],{},[14,39093,222,39094,39096],{},[18,39095,37866],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39098,39099],{},"It works well for:",[29,39101,39102,39105,39108],{},[32,39103,39104],{},"simple filtering rules",[32,39106,39107],{},"quick data cleaning",[32,39109,39110],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39112,2543],{},[54,39114,39116],{"className":56,"code":39115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,39117,39118,39150,39183,39187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39119,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39121,70],{"class":69},[63,39123,74],{"class":73},[63,39125,1091],{"class":81},[63,39127,86],{"class":85},[63,39129,89],{"class":81},[63,39131,92],{"class":85},[63,39133,89],{"class":81},[63,39135,97],{"class":85},[63,39137,89],{"class":81},[63,39139,705],{"class":85},[63,39141,89],{"class":81},[63,39143,4935],{"class":85},[63,39145,89],{"class":81},[63,39147,37934],{"class":85},[63,39149,186],{"class":81},[63,39151,39152,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39153,39154],{"class":69},"evens ",[63,39156,74],{"class":73},[63,39158,37945],{"class":139},[63,39160,113],{"class":81},[63,39162,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39164,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39166,821],{"class":81},[63,39168,4214],{"class":145},[63,39170,6723],{"class":73},[63,39172,92],{"class":85},[63,39174,6728],{"class":73},[63,39176,4169],{"class":85},[63,39178,89],{"class":81},[63,39180,4595],{"class":145},[63,39182,126],{"class":81},[63,39184,39185],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39186,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39188,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39200],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39190,140],{"class":139},[63,39192,113],{"class":81},[63,39194,276],{"class":77},[63,39196,113],{"class":81},[63,39198,39199],{"class":145},"evens",[63,39201,100],{"class":81},[14,39203,163],{},[54,39205,39206],{"className":56,"code":38880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,39207,39208],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39209,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39211,173],{"class":81},[63,39213,2394],{"class":85},[63,39215,89],{"class":81},[63,39217,705],{"class":85},[63,39219,89],{"class":81},[63,39221,37934],{"class":85},[63,39223,186],{"class":81},[14,39225,39226,39227,39229],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,39228,6277],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[54,39231,39233],{"className":56,"code":39232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39234,39235,39267,39275,39279,39291,39307,39322,39326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39238,70],{"class":69},[63,39240,74],{"class":73},[63,39242,1091],{"class":81},[63,39244,86],{"class":85},[63,39246,89],{"class":81},[63,39248,92],{"class":85},[63,39250,89],{"class":81},[63,39252,97],{"class":85},[63,39254,89],{"class":81},[63,39256,705],{"class":85},[63,39258,89],{"class":81},[63,39260,4935],{"class":85},[63,39262,89],{"class":81},[63,39264,37934],{"class":85},[63,39266,186],{"class":81},[63,39268,39269,39271,39273],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39270,39154],{"class":69},[63,39272,74],{"class":73},[63,39274,8156],{"class":81},[63,39276,39277],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39278,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39280,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39282,6277],{"class":1155},[63,39284,6706],{"class":69},[63,39286,4217],{"class":1155},[63,39288,4595],{"class":69},[63,39290,6713],{"class":81},[63,39292,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,39294,6718],{"class":1155},[63,39296,6706],{"class":69},[63,39298,6723],{"class":73},[63,39300,92],{"class":85},[63,39302,6728],{"class":73},[63,39304,4169],{"class":85},[63,39306,6713],{"class":81},[63,39308,39309,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,39310,39311],{"class":69},"        evens",[63,39313,259],{"class":81},[63,39315,401],{"class":145},[63,39317,113],{"class":81},[63,39319,2575],{"class":145},[63,39321,126],{"class":81},[63,39323,39324],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,39325,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39327,39328,39330,39332,39334],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,39329,140],{"class":139},[63,39331,113],{"class":81},[63,39333,39199],{"class":145},[63,39335,126],{"class":81},[14,39337,163],{},[54,39339,39340],{"className":56,"code":38880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,39341,39342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39343,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39345,173],{"class":81},[63,39347,2394],{"class":85},[63,39349,89],{"class":81},[63,39351,705],{"class":85},[63,39353,89],{"class":81},[63,39355,37934],{"class":85},[63,39357,186],{"class":81},[14,39359,39360],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[54,39362,39364],{"className":56,"code":39363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,39365,39366,39398,39431,39435],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39367,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39369,70],{"class":69},[63,39371,74],{"class":73},[63,39373,1091],{"class":81},[63,39375,86],{"class":85},[63,39377,89],{"class":81},[63,39379,92],{"class":85},[63,39381,89],{"class":81},[63,39383,97],{"class":85},[63,39385,89],{"class":81},[63,39387,705],{"class":85},[63,39389,89],{"class":81},[63,39391,4935],{"class":85},[63,39393,89],{"class":81},[63,39395,37934],{"class":85},[63,39397,186],{"class":81},[63,39399,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39401,39154],{"class":69},[63,39403,74],{"class":73},[63,39405,1091],{"class":81},[63,39407,2553],{"class":69},[63,39409,6277],{"class":1155},[63,39411,6706],{"class":69},[63,39413,4217],{"class":1155},[63,39415,39416],{"class":69}," numbers ",[63,39418,7318],{"class":1155},[63,39420,6706],{"class":69},[63,39422,6723],{"class":73},[63,39424,92],{"class":85},[63,39426,6728],{"class":73},[63,39428,4169],{"class":85},[63,39430,186],{"class":81},[63,39432,39433],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39434,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39436,39437,39439,39441,39443],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39438,140],{"class":139},[63,39440,113],{"class":81},[63,39442,39199],{"class":145},[63,39444,126],{"class":81},[14,39446,163],{},[54,39448,39449],{"className":56,"code":38880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,39450,39451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39452,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39454,173],{"class":81},[63,39456,2394],{"class":85},[63,39458,89],{"class":81},[63,39460,705],{"class":85},[63,39462,89],{"class":81},[63,39464,37934],{"class":85},[63,39466,186],{"class":81},[14,39468,39469,39470,259],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[196,39471,39473],{"href":39472},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[49,39475,3167],{"id":3166},[14,39477,15029,39478,259],{},[18,39479,37866],{},[486,39481,8769,39483,39485],{"id":39482},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,39484,37866],{}," to return a list",[14,39487,39488],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[54,39490,39492],{"className":56,"code":39491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,39493,39494,39536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39497,851],{"class":69},[63,39499,74],{"class":73},[63,39501,37945],{"class":139},[63,39503,113],{"class":81},[63,39505,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39507,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39509,821],{"class":81},[63,39511,4214],{"class":145},[63,39513,4584],{"class":73},[63,39515,92],{"class":85},[63,39517,89],{"class":81},[63,39519,1091],{"class":81},[63,39521,86],{"class":85},[63,39523,89],{"class":81},[63,39525,92],{"class":85},[63,39527,89],{"class":81},[63,39529,97],{"class":85},[63,39531,89],{"class":81},[63,39533,705],{"class":85},[63,39535,2080],{"class":81},[63,39537,39538,39540,39542,39544],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39539,140],{"class":139},[63,39541,113],{"class":81},[63,39543,875],{"class":145},[63,39545,126],{"class":81},[14,39547,39548],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39550,39551],{},"Fix:",[54,39553,39555],{"className":56,"code":39554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,39556,39557,39599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39558,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39560,851],{"class":69},[63,39562,74],{"class":73},[63,39564,37945],{"class":139},[63,39566,113],{"class":81},[63,39568,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39570,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39572,821],{"class":81},[63,39574,4214],{"class":145},[63,39576,4584],{"class":73},[63,39578,92],{"class":85},[63,39580,89],{"class":81},[63,39582,1091],{"class":81},[63,39584,86],{"class":85},[63,39586,89],{"class":81},[63,39588,92],{"class":85},[63,39590,89],{"class":81},[63,39592,97],{"class":85},[63,39594,89],{"class":81},[63,39596,705],{"class":85},[63,39598,2080],{"class":81},[63,39600,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39602,140],{"class":139},[63,39604,113],{"class":81},[63,39606,276],{"class":77},[63,39608,113],{"class":81},[63,39610,875],{"class":145},[63,39612,100],{"class":81},[486,39614,39616,39617,1725,39619,39621],{"id":39615},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,39618,3941],{},[18,39620,4010],{}," clearly",[14,39623,39624],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39626,39627],{},"Good example:",[54,39629,39631],{"className":56,"code":39630,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,39632,39633,39646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39634,39635,39637,39640,39642,39644],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39636,35145],{"class":2402},[63,39638,39639],{"class":35148}," is_positive",[63,39641,113],{"class":81},[63,39643,2575],{"class":37953},[63,39645,8657],{"class":81},[63,39647,39648,39650,39652,39654],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39649,35156],{"class":1155},[63,39651,6706],{"class":69},[63,39653,4584],{"class":73},[63,39655,38802],{"class":85},[14,39657,39658],{},"Then use it with:",[54,39660,39662],{"className":56,"code":39661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,39663,39664,39696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39665,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39667,70],{"class":69},[63,39669,74],{"class":73},[63,39671,1091],{"class":81},[63,39673,2359],{"class":73},[63,39675,2394],{"class":85},[63,39677,89],{"class":81},[63,39679,2558],{"class":73},[63,39681,86],{"class":85},[63,39683,89],{"class":81},[63,39685,4169],{"class":85},[63,39687,89],{"class":81},[63,39689,692],{"class":85},[63,39691,89],{"class":81},[63,39693,92],{"class":85},[63,39695,186],{"class":81},[63,39697,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39713,39715,39717],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39699,140],{"class":139},[63,39701,113],{"class":81},[63,39703,276],{"class":77},[63,39705,113],{"class":81},[63,39707,37892],{"class":139},[63,39709,113],{"class":81},[63,39711,39712],{"class":145},"is_positive",[63,39714,89],{"class":81},[63,39716,4595],{"class":145},[63,39718,1965],{"class":81},[14,39720,163],{},[54,39722,39724],{"className":56,"code":39723,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2]\n",[18,39725,39726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39727,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39729,173],{"class":81},[63,39731,86],{"class":85},[63,39733,89],{"class":81},[63,39735,92],{"class":85},[63,39737,186],{"class":81},[486,39739,39741],{"id":39740},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39743,39744],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[54,39746,39747],{"className":56,"code":38488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,39748,39749,39791,39795,39809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39750,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39752,851],{"class":69},[63,39754,74],{"class":73},[63,39756,37945],{"class":139},[63,39758,113],{"class":81},[63,39760,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39762,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39764,821],{"class":81},[63,39766,4214],{"class":145},[63,39768,4584],{"class":73},[63,39770,92],{"class":85},[63,39772,89],{"class":81},[63,39774,1091],{"class":81},[63,39776,86],{"class":85},[63,39778,89],{"class":81},[63,39780,92],{"class":85},[63,39782,89],{"class":81},[63,39784,97],{"class":85},[63,39786,89],{"class":81},[63,39788,705],{"class":85},[63,39790,2080],{"class":81},[63,39792,39793],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39794,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39796,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39798,140],{"class":139},[63,39800,113],{"class":81},[63,39802,276],{"class":77},[63,39804,113],{"class":81},[63,39806,875],{"class":145},[63,39808,100],{"class":81},[63,39810,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39812,140],{"class":139},[63,39814,113],{"class":81},[63,39816,276],{"class":77},[63,39818,113],{"class":81},[63,39820,875],{"class":145},[63,39822,100],{"class":81},[14,39824,163],{},[54,39826,39827],{"className":56,"code":38569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,39828,39829,39841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39830,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39832,173],{"class":81},[63,39834,1248],{"class":85},[63,39836,89],{"class":81},[63,39838,705],{"class":85},[63,39840,186],{"class":81},[63,39842,39843],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39844,364],{"class":81},[14,39846,39847],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[54,39849,39851],{"className":56,"code":39850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39852,39853,39899,39903,39913],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39854,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39856,851],{"class":69},[63,39858,74],{"class":73},[63,39860,78],{"class":77},[63,39862,113],{"class":81},[63,39864,37892],{"class":139},[63,39866,113],{"class":81},[63,39868,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39870,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39872,821],{"class":81},[63,39874,4214],{"class":145},[63,39876,4584],{"class":73},[63,39878,92],{"class":85},[63,39880,89],{"class":81},[63,39882,1091],{"class":81},[63,39884,86],{"class":85},[63,39886,89],{"class":81},[63,39888,92],{"class":85},[63,39890,89],{"class":81},[63,39892,97],{"class":85},[63,39894,89],{"class":81},[63,39896,705],{"class":85},[63,39898,3334],{"class":81},[63,39900,39901],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,39902,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,39904,39905,39907,39909,39911],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,39906,140],{"class":139},[63,39908,113],{"class":81},[63,39910,875],{"class":145},[63,39912,126],{"class":81},[63,39914,39915,39917,39919,39921],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,39916,140],{"class":139},[63,39918,113],{"class":81},[63,39920,875],{"class":145},[63,39922,126],{"class":81},[486,39924,39926],{"id":39925},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39928,39929],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39931,16941],{},[54,39933,39935],{"className":56,"code":39934,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39936,39937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39938,39939],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39940,39934],{"class":1910},[14,39942,39943,39944,6871],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39945,741],{},[14,39947,16953],{},[54,39949,39951],{"className":56,"code":39950,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39952,39953],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,39954,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,39956,140],{"class":139},[63,39958,113],{"class":81},[63,39960,276],{"class":77},[63,39962,113],{"class":81},[63,39964,37892],{"class":139},[63,39966,113],{"class":81},[63,39968,37950],{"class":2402},[63,39970,37954],{"class":37953},[63,39972,821],{"class":81},[63,39974,4214],{"class":145},[63,39976,4584],{"class":73},[63,39978,92],{"class":85},[63,39980,89],{"class":81},[63,39982,1091],{"class":81},[63,39984,86],{"class":85},[63,39986,89],{"class":81},[63,39988,92],{"class":85},[63,39990,89],{"class":81},[63,39992,97],{"class":85},[63,39994,89],{"class":81},[63,39996,705],{"class":85},[63,39998,37555],{"class":81},[486,40000,37494,40002,9021,40004],{"id":40001},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,40003,37866],{},[18,40005,40006],{},"map()",[29,40008,40009,40014],{},[32,40010,40011,40013],{},[18,40012,37866],{}," keeps or removes items",[32,40015,40016,40018],{},[18,40017,40006],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,40020,40021,40022,821],{},"Example of ",[18,40023,37866],{},[54,40025,40027],{"className":56,"code":40026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40028,40029,40053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40030,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047,40049,40051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40032,70],{"class":69},[63,40034,74],{"class":73},[63,40036,1091],{"class":81},[63,40038,86],{"class":85},[63,40040,89],{"class":81},[63,40042,92],{"class":85},[63,40044,89],{"class":81},[63,40046,97],{"class":85},[63,40048,89],{"class":81},[63,40050,705],{"class":85},[63,40052,186],{"class":81},[63,40054,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40056,140],{"class":139},[63,40058,113],{"class":81},[63,40060,276],{"class":77},[63,40062,113],{"class":81},[63,40064,37892],{"class":139},[63,40066,113],{"class":81},[63,40068,37950],{"class":2402},[63,40070,37954],{"class":37953},[63,40072,821],{"class":81},[63,40074,4214],{"class":145},[63,40076,4584],{"class":73},[63,40078,92],{"class":85},[63,40080,89],{"class":81},[63,40082,4595],{"class":145},[63,40084,1965],{"class":81},[14,40086,163],{},[54,40088,40090],{"className":56,"code":40089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n",[18,40091,40092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40093,40094,40096,40098,40100,40102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40095,173],{"class":81},[63,40097,1248],{"class":85},[63,40099,89],{"class":81},[63,40101,705],{"class":85},[63,40103,186],{"class":81},[14,40105,40021,40106,821],{},[18,40107,40006],{},[54,40109,40111],{"className":56,"code":40110,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,40112,40113,40137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40116,70],{"class":69},[63,40118,74],{"class":73},[63,40120,1091],{"class":81},[63,40122,86],{"class":85},[63,40124,89],{"class":81},[63,40126,92],{"class":85},[63,40128,89],{"class":81},[63,40130,97],{"class":85},[63,40132,89],{"class":81},[63,40134,705],{"class":85},[63,40136,186],{"class":81},[63,40138,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40163,40165,40167,40169],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40140,140],{"class":139},[63,40142,113],{"class":81},[63,40144,276],{"class":77},[63,40146,113],{"class":81},[63,40148,40149],{"class":139},"map",[63,40151,113],{"class":81},[63,40153,37950],{"class":2402},[63,40155,37954],{"class":37953},[63,40157,821],{"class":81},[63,40159,4214],{"class":145},[63,40161,40162],{"class":73},"*",[63,40164,92],{"class":85},[63,40166,89],{"class":81},[63,40168,4595],{"class":145},[63,40170,1965],{"class":81},[14,40172,163],{},[54,40174,40176],{"className":56,"code":40175,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,40177,40178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40179,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40181,173],{"class":81},[63,40183,2394],{"class":85},[63,40185,89],{"class":81},[63,40187,705],{"class":85},[63,40189,89],{"class":81},[63,40191,37934],{"class":85},[63,40193,89],{"class":81},[63,40195,6679],{"class":85},[63,40197,186],{"class":81},[14,40199,40200,40201,259],{},"For the related function, see ",[196,40202,3912,40204,3845],{"href":40203},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,40205,40006],{},[49,40207,2165],{"id":2164},[486,40209,13011,40211,40213],{"id":40210},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,40212,37866],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40215,40216,40217,40219],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,40218,20],{}," if needed.",[486,40221,40223,40224,40226],{"id":40222},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,40225,37866],{}," need to return?",[14,40228,38173,40229,40231,40232,40234],{},[18,40230,3941],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,40233,4010],{}," to remove it.",[486,40236,28619,40238,40240],{"id":40237},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,40239,37866],{}," without lambda?",[14,40242,40243],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[486,40245,5469,40247,40250],{"id":40246},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,40248,40249],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40252,40253,40254,40256,40257,17369,40259,259],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,40255,687],{},", empty strings, ",[18,40258,4115],{},[18,40260,4010],{},[486,40262,21715,40264,40266],{"id":40263},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,40265,37866],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40268,40269,40270,40272],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,40271,6277],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40274,40275],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[29,40277,40278,40284,40290],{},[32,40279,40280,40281,40283],{},"use ",[18,40282,37866],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[32,40285,40286,40287,40289],{},"use a ",[18,40288,6277],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[32,40291,40292],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40294,40295,40296,259],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[196,40297,5460],{"href":40298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[49,40300,2219],{"id":2218},[29,40302,40303,40308,40312,40317,40323],{},[32,40304,40305],{},[196,40306,40307],{"href":38743},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[32,40309,40310],{},[196,40311,5547],{"href":40298},[32,40313,40314],{},[196,40315,40316],{"href":39472},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[32,40318,40319],{},[196,40320,3912,40321,3845],{"href":40203},[18,40322,40006],{},[32,40324,40325],{},[196,40326,2243],{"href":1059},[2259,40328,40329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":40331},[40332,40333,40335,40339,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350,40360,40372],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":38000,"depth":103,"text":40334},"What filter() does",{"id":38134,"depth":103,"text":38135,"children":40336},[40337,40338],{"id":38151,"depth":129,"text":38151},{"id":288,"depth":129,"text":288},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311,"children":40340},[40341],{"id":38481,"depth":129,"text":38482},{"id":38593,"depth":103,"text":40343},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38747,"depth":103,"text":40345},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38909,"depth":103,"text":40347},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39089,"depth":103,"text":40349},"When to use filter()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":40351},[40352,40354,40356,40357,40358],{"id":39482,"depth":129,"text":40353},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39615,"depth":129,"text":40355},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39740,"depth":129,"text":39741},{"id":39925,"depth":129,"text":39926},{"id":40001,"depth":129,"text":40359},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":40361},[40362,40364,40366,40368,40370],{"id":40210,"depth":129,"text":40363},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40222,"depth":129,"text":40365},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40237,"depth":129,"text":40367},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40246,"depth":129,"text":40369},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40263,"depth":129,"text":40371},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37858,"description":40373},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40380,"title":40381,"body":40382,"description":42534,"extension":2300,"meta":42535,"navigation":132,"path":42536,"seo":42537,"stem":42538,"__hash__":42539},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40383,"toc":42488},[40384,40387,40392,40398,40400,40452,40454,40473,40478,40482,40487,40490,40505,40508,40530,40532,40581,40583,40607,40609,40611,40626,40631,40639,40654,40656,40665,40668,40703,40707,40712,40716,40723,40758,40760,40776,40780,40783,40824,40826,40840,40844,40847,40871,40873,40882,40886,40889,40922,40924,40937,40941,40947,40966,40968,40976,40980,40985,40989,40995,41018,41020,41049,41052,41071,41075,41078,41105,41107,41141,41145,41148,41172,41176,41187,41189,41194,41200,41202,41286,41288,41330,41333,41337,41344,41353,41409,41416,41425,41430,41434,41505,41507,41516,41520,41523,41567,41569,41578,41582,41588,41638,41642,41647,41651,41675,41677,41686,41690,41714,41716,41727,41731,41755,41757,41766,41769,41786,41792,41796,41802,41805,41810,41813,41834,41836,41867,41870,41875,41877,41888,41890,41934,41938,41945,41997,41999,42008,42012,42015,42108,42111,42135,42139,42142,42234,42239,42243,42250,42255,42279,42281,42290,42295,42318,42320,42328,42335,42358,42366,42368,42381,42391,42393,42397,42404,42408,42417,42421,42428,42432,42436,42440,42453,42455,42485],[10,40385,40381],{"id":40386},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40388,16,40389,40391],{},[18,40390,3221],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40393,40394,40395,40397],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,40396,3221],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[49,40399,52],{"id":51},[54,40401,40403],{"className":56,"code":40402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,40404,40405,40419,40438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40406,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40408,140],{"class":139},[63,40410,113],{"class":81},[63,40412,2527],{"class":77},[63,40414,113],{"class":81},[63,40416,661],{"class":85},[63,40418,100],{"class":81},[63,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431,40434,40436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40422,140],{"class":139},[63,40424,113],{"class":81},[63,40426,2527],{"class":77},[63,40428,113],{"class":81},[63,40430,117],{"class":116},[63,40432,40433],{"class":120},"3.14",[63,40435,117],{"class":116},[63,40437,100],{"class":81},[63,40439,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448,40450],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,40441,140],{"class":139},[63,40443,113],{"class":81},[63,40445,2527],{"class":77},[63,40447,113],{"class":81},[63,40449,3941],{"class":1205},[63,40451,100],{"class":81},[14,40453,163],{},[54,40455,40457],{"className":56,"code":40456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,40458,40459,40463,40468],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40460,40461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40462,2814],{"class":85},[63,40464,40465],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40466,40467],{"class":85},"3.14\n",[63,40469,40470],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,40471,40472],{"class":85},"1.0\n",[14,40474,222,40475,40477],{},[18,40476,3221],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[49,40479,40481],{"id":40480},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40483,40484,40486],{},[18,40485,3221],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40488,40489],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[29,40491,40492,40496,40500],{},[32,40493,40494],{},[18,40495,2826],{},[32,40497,40498],{},[18,40499,40433],{},[32,40501,40502],{},[18,40503,40504],{},"0.5",[14,40506,40507],{},"A few key points:",[29,40509,40510,40517,40520,40523],{},[32,40511,40512,40514,40515],{},[18,40513,3221],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,40516,2527],{},[32,40518,40519],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[32,40521,40522],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[32,40524,40525,40526],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[196,40527,40528],{"href":8534},[18,40529,3294],{},[14,40531,2543],{},[54,40533,40535],{"className":56,"code":40534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40536,40537,40557,40567],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40538,40539,40541,40543,40546,40548,40550,40553,40555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40540,2553],{"class":69},[63,40542,74],{"class":73},[63,40544,40545],{"class":77}," float",[63,40547,113],{"class":81},[63,40549,117],{"class":116},[63,40551,40552],{"class":120},"2.75",[63,40554,117],{"class":116},[63,40556,126],{"class":81},[63,40558,40559,40561,40563,40565],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40560,140],{"class":139},[63,40562,113],{"class":81},[63,40564,2575],{"class":145},[63,40566,126],{"class":81},[63,40568,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,40570,140],{"class":139},[63,40572,113],{"class":81},[63,40574,3557],{"class":77},[63,40576,113],{"class":81},[63,40578,2575],{"class":145},[63,40580,100],{"class":81},[14,40582,163],{},[54,40584,40586],{"className":56,"code":40585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40587,40588,40593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40589,40590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40591,40592],{"class":85},"2.75\n",[63,40594,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40596,3626],{"class":73},[63,40598,3629],{"class":2402},[63,40600,203],{"class":116},[63,40602,2527],{"class":120},[63,40604,193],{"class":116},[63,40606,3638],{"class":73},[49,40608,263],{"id":262},[14,40610,7539],{},[54,40612,40614],{"className":56,"code":40613,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"float(value)\n",[18,40615,40616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40617,40618,40620,40622,40624],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40619,2527],{"class":77},[63,40621,113],{"class":81},[63,40623,2807],{"class":145},[63,40625,126],{"class":81},[14,40627,40628,40629,259],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,40630,3221],{},[14,40632,40633,40634,40636,40637,821],{},"If you call ",[18,40635,3221],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,40638,4105],{},[54,40640,40642],{"className":56,"code":40641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float())\n",[18,40643,40644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40645,40646,40648,40650,40652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40647,140],{"class":139},[63,40649,113],{"class":81},[63,40651,2527],{"class":77},[63,40653,7515],{"class":81},[14,40655,163],{},[54,40657,40659],{"className":56,"code":40658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0.0\n",[18,40660,40661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40662,40663],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40664,40658],{"class":85},[14,40666,40667],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[54,40669,40671],{"className":56,"code":40670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,40672,40673,40693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40674,40675,40678,40680,40682,40684,40686,40689,40691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40676,40677],{"class":69},"price ",[63,40679,74],{"class":73},[63,40681,40545],{"class":77},[63,40683,113],{"class":81},[63,40685,117],{"class":116},[63,40687,40688],{"class":120},"19.99",[63,40690,117],{"class":116},[63,40692,126],{"class":81},[63,40694,40695,40697,40699,40701],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40696,140],{"class":139},[63,40698,113],{"class":81},[63,40700,25441],{"class":145},[63,40702,126],{"class":81},[49,40704,40706],{"id":40705},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40708,40709,40711],{},[18,40710,3221],{}," can convert several common value types.",[486,40713,40715],{"id":40714},"integers","Integers",[14,40717,40718,40719,40722],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,40720,40721],{},".0"," added:",[54,40724,40726],{"className":56,"code":40725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,40727,40728,40742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40729,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738,40740],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40731,140],{"class":139},[63,40733,113],{"class":81},[63,40735,2527],{"class":77},[63,40737,113],{"class":81},[63,40739,661],{"class":85},[63,40741,100],{"class":81},[63,40743,40744,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40745,140],{"class":139},[63,40747,113],{"class":81},[63,40749,2527],{"class":77},[63,40751,113],{"class":81},[63,40753,2359],{"class":73},[63,40755,2394],{"class":85},[63,40757,100],{"class":81},[14,40759,163],{},[54,40761,40763],{"className":56,"code":40762,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,40764,40765,40769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40766,40767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40768,2814],{"class":85},[63,40770,40771,40773],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40772,2359],{"class":73},[63,40774,40775],{"class":85},"2.0\n",[486,40777,40779],{"id":40778},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40781,40782],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[54,40784,40786],{"className":56,"code":40785,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40787,40788,40806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40789,40790,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40791,140],{"class":139},[63,40793,113],{"class":81},[63,40795,2527],{"class":77},[63,40797,113],{"class":81},[63,40799,117],{"class":116},[63,40801,40433],{"class":120},[63,40803,117],{"class":116},[63,40805,100],{"class":81},[63,40807,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818,40820,40822],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40809,140],{"class":139},[63,40811,113],{"class":81},[63,40813,2527],{"class":77},[63,40815,113],{"class":81},[63,40817,117],{"class":116},[63,40819,741],{"class":120},[63,40821,117],{"class":116},[63,40823,100],{"class":81},[14,40825,163],{},[54,40827,40829],{"className":56,"code":40828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40830,40831,40835],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40832,40833],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40834,40467],{"class":85},[63,40836,40837],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40838,40839],{"class":85},"10.0\n",[486,40841,40843],{"id":40842},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40845,40846],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[54,40848,40850],{"className":56,"code":40849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40851,40852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40853,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864,40867,40869],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40855,140],{"class":139},[63,40857,113],{"class":81},[63,40859,2527],{"class":77},[63,40861,113],{"class":81},[63,40863,117],{"class":116},[63,40865,40866],{"class":120},"  8.5  ",[63,40868,117],{"class":116},[63,40870,100],{"class":81},[14,40872,163],{},[54,40874,40876],{"className":56,"code":40875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8.5\n",[18,40877,40878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40879,40880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40881,40875],{"class":85},[486,40883,40885],{"id":40884},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40887,40888],{},"Boolean values also work:",[54,40890,40892],{"className":56,"code":40891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40893,40894,40908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40895,40896,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40897,140],{"class":139},[63,40899,113],{"class":81},[63,40901,2527],{"class":77},[63,40903,113],{"class":81},[63,40905,3941],{"class":1205},[63,40907,100],{"class":81},[63,40909,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40911,140],{"class":139},[63,40913,113],{"class":81},[63,40915,2527],{"class":77},[63,40917,113],{"class":81},[63,40919,4010],{"class":1205},[63,40921,100],{"class":81},[14,40923,163],{},[54,40925,40927],{"className":56,"code":40926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40928,40929,40933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40930,40931],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40932,40472],{"class":85},[63,40934,40935],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,40936,40658],{"class":85},[486,40938,40940],{"id":40939},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40942,40943,40944,40946],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40945,3221],{}," returns a float version of it:",[54,40948,40950],{"className":56,"code":40949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40951,40952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40953,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40955,140],{"class":139},[63,40957,113],{"class":81},[63,40959,2527],{"class":77},[63,40961,113],{"class":81},[63,40963,2697],{"class":85},[63,40965,100],{"class":81},[14,40967,163],{},[54,40969,40970],{"className":56,"code":2721,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,40971,40972],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,40973,40974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,40975,2721],{"class":85},[49,40977,40979],{"id":40978},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40981,40982,40983,259],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40984,3221],{},[486,40986,40988],{"id":40987},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40990,40991,40992,821],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40993,40994],{},"ValueError",[54,40996,40998],{"className":56,"code":40997,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40999,41000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41001,41002,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41003,140],{"class":139},[63,41005,113],{"class":81},[63,41007,2527],{"class":77},[63,41009,113],{"class":81},[63,41011,117],{"class":116},[63,41013,1995],{"class":120},[63,41015,117],{"class":116},[63,41017,100],{"class":81},[14,41019,29972],{},[54,41021,41023],{"className":56,"code":41022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,41024,41025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41026,41027,41029,41031,41034,41036,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41028,40994],{"class":77},[63,41030,821],{"class":81},[63,41032,41033],{"class":69}," could ",[63,41035,4961],{"class":73},[63,41037,41038],{"class":69}," convert string to ",[63,41040,2527],{"class":77},[63,41042,821],{"class":81},[63,41044,203],{"class":116},[63,41046,1995],{"class":120},[63,41048,29991],{"class":116},[14,41050,41051],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[54,41053,41055],{"className":56,"code":41054,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,41056,41057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41058,41059,41061,41063,41065,41067,41069],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41060,140],{"class":139},[63,41062,113],{"class":81},[63,41064,2527],{"class":77},[63,41066,113],{"class":81},[63,41068,6592],{"class":116},[63,41070,100],{"class":81},[486,41072,41074],{"id":41073},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,41076,41077],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[54,41079,41081],{"className":56,"code":41080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,41082,41083],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41084,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095,41097,41099,41101,41103],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41086,140],{"class":139},[63,41088,113],{"class":81},[63,41090,2527],{"class":77},[63,41092,2071],{"class":81},[63,41094,86],{"class":85},[63,41096,89],{"class":81},[63,41098,92],{"class":85},[63,41100,89],{"class":81},[63,41102,97],{"class":85},[63,41104,3334],{"class":81},[14,41106,29972],{},[54,41108,41110],{"className":56,"code":41109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,41111,41112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41113,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122,41125,41128,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41115,1032],{"class":77},[63,41117,821],{"class":81},[63,41119,40545],{"class":77},[63,41121,7686],{"class":81},[63,41123,41124],{"class":69}," argument must be a string ",[63,41126,41127],{"class":73},"or",[63,41129,41130],{"class":69}," a real number",[63,41132,89],{"class":81},[63,41134,1050],{"class":73},[63,41136,203],{"class":116},[63,41138,276],{"class":120},[63,41140,29991],{"class":116},[486,41142,41144],{"id":41143},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41146,41147],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[54,41149,41151],{"className":56,"code":41150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,41152,41153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41154,41155,41157,41159,41161,41163,41165,41168,41170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41156,140],{"class":139},[63,41158,113],{"class":81},[63,41160,2527],{"class":77},[63,41162,113],{"class":81},[63,41164,117],{"class":116},[63,41166,41167],{"class":120},"3,14",[63,41169,117],{"class":116},[63,41171,100],{"class":81},[14,41173,3337,41174,259],{},[18,41175,40994],{},[14,41177,41178,41179,4726,41183,259],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[196,41180,41182],{"href":41181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[196,41184,41186],{"href":41185},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[49,41188,17715],{"id":17714},[14,41190,41191,41193],{},[18,41192,3221],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41195,41196,41197,41199],{},"It does ",[1217,41198,4961],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41201,2543],{},[54,41203,41205],{"className":56,"code":41204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,41206,41207,41220,41234,41238,41248,41258,41272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41208,41209,41211,41213,41215,41218],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41210,34981],{"class":69},[63,41212,74],{"class":73},[63,41214,824],{"class":116},[63,41216,41217],{"class":120},"6.5",[63,41219,3694],{"class":116},[63,41221,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41223,2553],{"class":69},[63,41225,74],{"class":73},[63,41227,40545],{"class":77},[63,41229,113],{"class":81},[63,41231,35002],{"class":145},[63,41233,126],{"class":81},[63,41235,41236],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41237,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41239,41240,41242,41244,41246],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41241,140],{"class":139},[63,41243,113],{"class":81},[63,41245,35002],{"class":145},[63,41247,126],{"class":81},[63,41249,41250,41252,41254,41256],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,41251,140],{"class":139},[63,41253,113],{"class":81},[63,41255,2575],{"class":145},[63,41257,126],{"class":81},[63,41259,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,41261,140],{"class":139},[63,41263,113],{"class":81},[63,41265,3557],{"class":77},[63,41267,113],{"class":81},[63,41269,35002],{"class":145},[63,41271,100],{"class":81},[63,41273,41274,41276,41278,41280,41282,41284],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,41275,140],{"class":139},[63,41277,113],{"class":81},[63,41279,3557],{"class":77},[63,41281,113],{"class":81},[63,41283,2575],{"class":145},[63,41285,100],{"class":81},[14,41287,163],{},[54,41289,41291],{"className":56,"code":41290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,41292,41293,41298,41302,41316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41294,41295],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41296,41297],{"class":85},"6.5\n",[63,41299,41300],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41301,41297],{"class":85},[63,41303,41304,41306,41308,41310,41312,41314],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41305,3626],{"class":73},[63,41307,3629],{"class":2402},[63,41309,203],{"class":116},[63,41311,3779],{"class":120},[63,41313,193],{"class":116},[63,41315,3638],{"class":73},[63,41317,41318,41320,41322,41324,41326,41328],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41319,3626],{"class":73},[63,41321,3629],{"class":2402},[63,41323,203],{"class":116},[63,41325,2527],{"class":120},[63,41327,193],{"class":116},[63,41329,3638],{"class":73},[14,41331,41332],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[49,41334,41336],{"id":41335},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[486,41338,41340,41341,41343],{"id":41339},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,41342,3294],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41345,2317,41346,41350,41351,259],{},[196,41347,41348,2638],{"href":8534},[18,41349,3294],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,41352,3221],{},[54,41354,41356],{"className":56,"code":41355,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,41357,41358,41377,41391,41395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41359,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368,41370,41373,41375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41361,8552],{"class":69},[63,41363,74],{"class":73},[63,41365,8557],{"class":139},[63,41367,113],{"class":81},[63,41369,117],{"class":116},[63,41371,41372],{"class":120},"Enter a price: ",[63,41374,117],{"class":116},[63,41376,126],{"class":81},[63,41378,41379,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41380,40677],{"class":69},[63,41382,74],{"class":73},[63,41384,40545],{"class":77},[63,41386,113],{"class":81},[63,41388,8581],{"class":145},[63,41390,126],{"class":81},[63,41392,41393],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41394,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41396,41397,41399,41401,41403,41405,41407],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41398,140],{"class":139},[63,41400,113],{"class":81},[63,41402,40677],{"class":145},[63,41404,40162],{"class":73},[63,41406,92],{"class":85},[63,41408,126],{"class":81},[14,41410,41411,41412,41415],{},"If the user enters ",[18,41413,41414],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[54,41417,41419],{"className":56,"code":41418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"9.0\n",[18,41420,41421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41422,41423],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41424,41418],{"class":85},[14,41426,41427,41428,259],{},"For more help with this, see ",[196,41429,9298],{"href":9297},[486,41431,41433],{"id":41432},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[54,41435,41437],{"className":56,"code":41436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,41438,41439,41452,41465,41469,41494],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41440,41441,41443,41445,41447,41450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41442,2890],{"class":69},[63,41444,74],{"class":73},[63,41446,824],{"class":116},[63,41448,41449],{"class":120},"2.5",[63,41451,3694],{"class":116},[63,41453,41454,41456,41458,41460,41463],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41455,2918],{"class":69},[63,41457,74],{"class":73},[63,41459,824],{"class":116},[63,41461,41462],{"class":120},"1.5",[63,41464,3694],{"class":116},[63,41466,41467],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41468,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41470,41471,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41488,41490,41492],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41472,41473],{"class":69},"total ",[63,41475,74],{"class":73},[63,41477,40545],{"class":77},[63,41479,113],{"class":81},[63,41481,196],{"class":145},[63,41483,3997],{"class":81},[63,41485,2789],{"class":73},[63,41487,40545],{"class":77},[63,41489,113],{"class":81},[63,41491,206],{"class":145},[63,41493,126],{"class":81},[63,41495,41496,41498,41500,41503],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,41497,140],{"class":139},[63,41499,113],{"class":81},[63,41501,41502],{"class":145},"total",[63,41504,126],{"class":81},[14,41506,163],{},[54,41508,41510],{"className":56,"code":41509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.0\n",[18,41511,41512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41513,41514],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41515,41509],{"class":85},[486,41517,41519],{"id":41518},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41521,41522],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[54,41524,41526],{"className":56,"code":41525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,41527,41528,41538,41553,41557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41529,41530,41533,41535],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41531,41532],{"class":69},"count ",[63,41534,74],{"class":73},[63,41536,41537],{"class":85}," 7\n",[63,41539,41540,41542,41544,41546,41548,41551],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41541,851],{"class":69},[63,41543,74],{"class":73},[63,41545,40545],{"class":77},[63,41547,113],{"class":81},[63,41549,41550],{"class":145},"count",[63,41552,126],{"class":81},[63,41554,41555],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41556,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41558,41559,41561,41563,41565],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41560,140],{"class":139},[63,41562,113],{"class":81},[63,41564,875],{"class":145},[63,41566,126],{"class":81},[14,41568,163],{},[54,41570,41572],{"className":56,"code":41571,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.0\n",[18,41573,41574],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41575,41576],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41577,41571],{"class":85},[486,41579,41581],{"id":41580},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41583,41584,41585,41587],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,41586,3221],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[54,41589,41591],{"className":56,"code":41590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,41592,41593,41607,41623,41627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41594,41595,41598,41600,41602,41605],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41596,41597],{"class":69},"temperature_text ",[63,41599,74],{"class":73},[63,41601,824],{"class":116},[63,41603,41604],{"class":120},"21.8",[63,41606,3694],{"class":116},[63,41608,41609,41612,41614,41616,41618,41621],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41610,41611],{"class":69},"temperature ",[63,41613,74],{"class":73},[63,41615,40545],{"class":77},[63,41617,113],{"class":81},[63,41619,41620],{"class":145},"temperature_text",[63,41622,126],{"class":81},[63,41624,41625],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41626,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41628,41629,41631,41633,41636],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41630,140],{"class":139},[63,41632,113],{"class":81},[63,41634,41635],{"class":145},"temperature",[63,41637,126],{"class":81},[49,41639,41641],{"id":41640},"special-values","Special values",[14,41643,41644,41646],{},[18,41645,3221],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[486,41648,41650],{"id":41649},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[54,41652,41654],{"className":56,"code":41653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,41655,41656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41657,41658,41660,41662,41664,41666,41668,41671,41673],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41659,140],{"class":139},[63,41661,113],{"class":81},[63,41663,2527],{"class":77},[63,41665,113],{"class":81},[63,41667,117],{"class":116},[63,41669,41670],{"class":120},"inf",[63,41672,117],{"class":116},[63,41674,100],{"class":81},[14,41676,163],{},[54,41678,41680],{"className":56,"code":41679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"inf\n",[18,41681,41682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41683,41684],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41685,41679],{"class":69},[486,41687,41689],{"id":41688},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[54,41691,41693],{"className":56,"code":41692,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,41694,41695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41696,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705,41707,41710,41712],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41698,140],{"class":139},[63,41700,113],{"class":81},[63,41702,2527],{"class":77},[63,41704,113],{"class":81},[63,41706,117],{"class":116},[63,41708,41709],{"class":120},"-inf",[63,41711,117],{"class":116},[63,41713,100],{"class":81},[14,41715,163],{},[54,41717,41719],{"className":56,"code":41718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-inf\n",[18,41720,41721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41722,41723,41725],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41724,2359],{"class":73},[63,41726,41679],{"class":69},[486,41728,41730],{"id":41729},"not-a-number","Not a number",[54,41732,41734],{"className":56,"code":41733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,41735,41736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41737,41738,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41751,41753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41739,140],{"class":139},[63,41741,113],{"class":81},[63,41743,2527],{"class":77},[63,41745,113],{"class":81},[63,41747,117],{"class":116},[63,41749,41750],{"class":120},"nan",[63,41752,117],{"class":116},[63,41754,100],{"class":81},[14,41756,163],{},[54,41758,41760],{"className":56,"code":41759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nan\n",[18,41761,41762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41763,41764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41765,41759],{"class":69},[14,41767,41768],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[29,41770,41771,41776,41781],{},[32,41772,41773,41775],{},[18,41774,41670],{}," means positive infinity",[32,41777,41778,41780],{},[18,41779,41709],{}," means negative infinity",[32,41782,41783,41785],{},[18,41784,41750],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41787,41788,41789,41791],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41790,3221],{}," accepts them.",[49,41793,41795],{"id":41794},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41797,41798,41799,41801],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41800,3221],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[486,41803,40994],{"id":41804},"valueerror",[14,41806,15485,41807,41809],{},[18,41808,40994],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41811,41812],{},"Common causes:",[29,41814,41815,41821,41824,41827],{},[32,41816,41817,41818],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41819,41820],{},"\"abc\"",[32,41822,41823],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[32,41825,41826],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[32,41828,5035,41829],{},[196,41830,41831,41833],{"href":8534},[18,41832,3294],{}," returns a string",[14,41835,2543],{},[54,41837,41839],{"className":56,"code":41838,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41840,41841,41853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41842,41843,41845,41847,41849,41851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41844,2782],{"class":69},[63,41846,74],{"class":73},[63,41848,824],{"class":116},[63,41850,121],{"class":120},[63,41852,3694],{"class":116},[63,41854,41855,41857,41859,41861,41863,41865],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41856,140],{"class":139},[63,41858,113],{"class":81},[63,41860,2527],{"class":77},[63,41862,113],{"class":81},[63,41864,2807],{"class":145},[63,41866,100],{"class":81},[486,41868,1032],{"id":41869},"typeerror",[14,41871,15485,41872,41874],{},[18,41873,1032],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41876,41812],{},[29,41878,41879,41882,41885],{},[32,41880,41881],{},"Passing a list",[32,41883,41884],{},"Passing a dictionary",[32,41886,41887],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41889,2543],{},[54,41891,41893],{"className":56,"code":41892,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41894,41895,41920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41896,41897,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909,41911,41913,41916,41918],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41898,2782],{"class":69},[63,41900,74],{"class":73},[63,41902,811],{"class":81},[63,41904,117],{"class":116},[63,41906,25441],{"class":120},[63,41908,117],{"class":116},[63,41910,821],{"class":81},[63,41912,824],{"class":116},[63,41914,41915],{"class":120},"9.99",[63,41917,117],{"class":116},[63,41919,846],{"class":81},[63,41921,41922,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41923,140],{"class":139},[63,41925,113],{"class":81},[63,41927,2527],{"class":77},[63,41929,113],{"class":81},[63,41931,2807],{"class":145},[63,41933,100],{"class":81},[486,41935,41937],{"id":41936},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41939,41940,41941,41944],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41942,41943],{},"strip()"," can help:",[54,41946,41948],{"className":56,"code":41947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41949,41950,41963,41978,41982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,41951,41952,41954,41956,41958,41961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,41953,2782],{"class":69},[63,41955,74],{"class":73},[63,41957,824],{"class":116},[63,41959,41960],{"class":120},"  7.25  ",[63,41962,3694],{"class":116},[63,41964,41965,41968,41970,41972,41974,41976],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,41966,41967],{"class":69},"clean_value ",[63,41969,74],{"class":73},[63,41971,8749],{"class":69},[63,41973,259],{"class":81},[63,41975,8951],{"class":145},[63,41977,279],{"class":81},[63,41979,41980],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,41981,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,41983,41984,41986,41988,41990,41992,41995],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,41985,140],{"class":139},[63,41987,113],{"class":81},[63,41989,2527],{"class":77},[63,41991,113],{"class":81},[63,41993,41994],{"class":145},"clean_value",[63,41996,100],{"class":81},[14,41998,163],{},[54,42000,42002],{"className":56,"code":42001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.25\n",[18,42003,42004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42005,42006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42007,42001],{"class":85},[486,42009,42011],{"id":42010},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,42013,42014],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[54,42016,42018],{"className":56,"code":42017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,42019,42020,42033,42037,42047,42061,42076,42080,42094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42021,42022,42024,42026,42028,42031],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42023,2782],{"class":69},[63,42025,74],{"class":73},[63,42027,824],{"class":116},[63,42029,42030],{"class":120}," 3.5 ",[63,42032,3694],{"class":116},[63,42034,42035],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42036,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,42038,42039,42041,42043,42045],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,42040,140],{"class":139},[63,42042,113],{"class":81},[63,42044,2807],{"class":145},[63,42046,126],{"class":81},[63,42048,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057,42059],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,42050,140],{"class":139},[63,42052,113],{"class":81},[63,42054,3557],{"class":77},[63,42056,113],{"class":81},[63,42058,2807],{"class":145},[63,42060,100],{"class":81},[63,42062,42063,42065,42067,42070,42072,42074],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,42064,140],{"class":139},[63,42066,113],{"class":81},[63,42068,42069],{"class":139},"repr",[63,42071,113],{"class":81},[63,42073,2807],{"class":145},[63,42075,100],{"class":81},[63,42077,42078],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,42079,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,42083,41967],{"class":69},[63,42085,74],{"class":73},[63,42087,8749],{"class":69},[63,42089,259],{"class":81},[63,42091,8951],{"class":145},[63,42093,279],{"class":81},[63,42095,42096,42098,42100,42102,42104,42106],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,42097,140],{"class":139},[63,42099,113],{"class":81},[63,42101,2527],{"class":77},[63,42103,113],{"class":81},[63,42105,41994],{"class":145},[63,42107,100],{"class":81},[14,42109,42110],{},"Why this helps:",[29,42112,42113,42119,42124,42130],{},[32,42114,42115,42118],{},[18,42116,42117],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[32,42120,42121,21662],{},[18,42122,42123],{},"print(type(value))",[32,42125,42126,42129],{},[18,42127,42128],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[32,42131,42132,42134],{},[18,42133,41943],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[486,42136,42138],{"id":42137},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42140,42141],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[54,42143,42145],{"className":56,"code":42144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,42146,42147,42166,42170,42176,42191,42210,42219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42148,42149,42151,42153,42155,42157,42159,42162,42164],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42150,2782],{"class":69},[63,42152,74],{"class":73},[63,42154,8557],{"class":139},[63,42156,113],{"class":81},[63,42158,117],{"class":116},[63,42160,42161],{"class":120},"Enter a number: ",[63,42163,117],{"class":116},[63,42165,126],{"class":81},[63,42167,42168],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42169,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,42171,42172,42174],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,42173,30095],{"class":1155},[63,42175,6713],{"class":81},[63,42177,42178,42181,42183,42185,42187,42189],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,42179,42180],{"class":69},"    number ",[63,42182,74],{"class":73},[63,42184,40545],{"class":77},[63,42186,113],{"class":81},[63,42188,2807],{"class":145},[63,42190,126],{"class":81},[63,42192,42193,42195,42197,42199,42202,42204,42206,42208],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,42194,8386],{"class":139},[63,42196,113],{"class":81},[63,42198,117],{"class":116},[63,42200,42201],{"class":120},"Converted:",[63,42203,117],{"class":116},[63,42205,89],{"class":81},[63,42207,2532],{"class":145},[63,42209,126],{"class":81},[63,42211,42212,42214,42217],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,42213,30126],{"class":1155},[63,42215,42216],{"class":77}," ValueError",[63,42218,6713],{"class":81},[63,42220,42221,42223,42225,42227,42230,42232],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,42222,8386],{"class":139},[63,42224,113],{"class":81},[63,42226,117],{"class":116},[63,42228,42229],{"class":120},"That is not a valid number.",[63,42231,117],{"class":116},[63,42233,126],{"class":81},[14,42235,42236,42237,259],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[196,42238,41186],{"href":41185},[49,42240,42242],{"id":42241},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42244,10896,42245,4726,42247,42249],{},[18,42246,3221],{},[18,42248,3215],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42251,42252,42254],{},[18,42253,3221],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[54,42256,42258],{"className":56,"code":42257,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42259,42260],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42261,42262,42264,42266,42268,42270,42272,42275,42277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42263,140],{"class":139},[63,42265,113],{"class":81},[63,42267,2527],{"class":77},[63,42269,113],{"class":81},[63,42271,117],{"class":116},[63,42273,42274],{"class":120},"3.9",[63,42276,117],{"class":116},[63,42278,100],{"class":81},[14,42280,163],{},[54,42282,42284],{"className":56,"code":42283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.9\n",[18,42285,42286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42287,42288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42289,42283],{"class":85},[14,42291,42292,42294],{},[18,42293,3215],{}," creates whole numbers:",[54,42296,42298],{"className":56,"code":42297,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,42299,42300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42301,42302,42304,42306,42308,42310,42312,42314,42316],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42303,140],{"class":139},[63,42305,113],{"class":81},[63,42307,1039],{"class":77},[63,42309,113],{"class":81},[63,42311,117],{"class":116},[63,42313,741],{"class":120},[63,42315,117],{"class":116},[63,42317,100],{"class":81},[14,42319,163],{},[54,42321,42322],{"className":56,"code":2711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,42323,42324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42325,42326],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42327,2711],{"class":85},[14,42329,42330,42331,42334],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,42332,42333],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[54,42336,42338],{"className":56,"code":42337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,42339,42340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42341,42342,42344,42346,42348,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42343,140],{"class":139},[63,42345,113],{"class":81},[63,42347,1039],{"class":77},[63,42349,113],{"class":81},[63,42351,117],{"class":116},[63,42353,42274],{"class":120},[63,42355,117],{"class":116},[63,42357,100],{"class":81},[14,42359,3337,42360,8918,42362,42365],{},[18,42361,40994],{},[18,42363,42364],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42367,11018],{},[29,42369,42370,42376],{},[32,42371,42372,42375],{},[18,42373,42374],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[32,42377,42378,42380],{},[18,42379,42333],{}," fails",[14,42382,42383,42384,42387,42388,42390],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[196,42385,42386],{"href":3212},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[196,42389,2755],{"href":2754}," helpful.",[49,42392,2165],{"id":2164},[486,42394,42396],{"id":42395},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42398,42399,42400,1725,42402,259],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,42401,2826],{},[18,42403,40433],{},[486,42405,42407],{"id":42406},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42409,42410,42411,1725,42414,259],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,42412,42413],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,42415,42416],{},"\"10\"",[486,42418,42420],{"id":42419},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42422,29352,42423,42425,42426,259],{},[18,42424,41820],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,42427,40994],{},[486,42429,42431],{"id":42430},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42433,5475,42434,259],{},[18,42435,4105],{},[486,42437,42439],{"id":42438},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42441,42442,42443,42445,42446,4726,42449,42445,42451,259],{},"Yes. ",[18,42444,3941],{}," becomes ",[18,42447,42448],{},"1.0",[18,42450,4010],{},[18,42452,4105],{},[49,42454,2219],{"id":2218},[29,42456,42457,42461,42467,42472,42476,42480],{},[32,42458,42459],{},[196,42460,42386],{"href":3212},[32,42462,42463],{},[196,42464,42466],{"href":42465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[32,42468,42469],{},[196,42470,42471],{"href":41181},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[32,42473,42474],{},[196,42475,9375],{"href":9297},[32,42477,42478],{},[196,42479,41186],{"href":41185},[32,42481,42482],{},[196,42483,42484],{"href":8534},"Python input() Function Explained",[2259,42486,42487],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":42489},[42490,42491,42492,42493,42500,42505,42506,42513,42518,42525,42526,42533],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":40480,"depth":103,"text":40481},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":40705,"depth":103,"text":40706,"children":42494},[42495,42496,42497,42498,42499],{"id":40714,"depth":129,"text":40715},{"id":40778,"depth":129,"text":40779},{"id":40842,"depth":129,"text":40843},{"id":40884,"depth":129,"text":40885},{"id":40939,"depth":129,"text":40940},{"id":40978,"depth":103,"text":40979,"children":42501},[42502,42503,42504],{"id":40987,"depth":129,"text":40988},{"id":41073,"depth":129,"text":41074},{"id":41143,"depth":129,"text":41144},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":41335,"depth":103,"text":41336,"children":42507},[42508,42510,42511,42512],{"id":41339,"depth":129,"text":42509},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41432,"depth":129,"text":41433},{"id":41518,"depth":129,"text":41519},{"id":41580,"depth":129,"text":41581},{"id":41640,"depth":103,"text":41641,"children":42514},[42515,42516,42517],{"id":41649,"depth":129,"text":41650},{"id":41688,"depth":129,"text":41689},{"id":41729,"depth":129,"text":41730},{"id":41794,"depth":103,"text":41795,"children":42519},[42520,42521,42522,42523,42524],{"id":41804,"depth":129,"text":40994},{"id":41869,"depth":129,"text":1032},{"id":41936,"depth":129,"text":41937},{"id":42010,"depth":129,"text":42011},{"id":42137,"depth":129,"text":42138},{"id":42241,"depth":103,"text":42242},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":42527},[42528,42529,42530,42531,42532],{"id":42395,"depth":129,"text":42396},{"id":42406,"depth":129,"text":42407},{"id":42419,"depth":129,"text":42420},{"id":42430,"depth":129,"text":42431},{"id":42438,"depth":129,"text":42439},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40381,"description":42534},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42541,"title":42542,"body":42543,"description":43764,"extension":2300,"meta":43765,"navigation":132,"path":35318,"seo":43766,"stem":43767,"__hash__":43768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42544,"toc":43730},[42545,42548,42553,42556,42558,42597,42611,42615,42620,42623,42640,42643,42653,42668,42671,42673,42676,42692,42695,42698,42718,42722,42733,42736,42740,42744,42758,42793,42797,42808,42843,42846,42848,42856,42889,42905,42907,42917,42938,42949,42951,42956,42959,42973,42975,42994,42997,43010,43013,43017,43021,43035,43038,43056,43059,43074,43078,43083,43097,43103,43105,43162,43164,43197,43200,43216,43220,43227,43231,43236,43239,43250,43254,43259,43274,43283,43288,43307,43310,43322,43324,43329,43339,43342,43371,43376,43385,43389,43394,43397,43401,43406,43408,43438,43441,43448,43453,43458,43462,43465,43473,43476,43554,43557,43579,43581,43585,43588,43592,43598,43661,43665,43673,43677,43680,43682,43707,43727],[10,42546,42542],{"id":42547},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42549,3919,42550,42552],{},[18,42551,35321],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42554,42555],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[49,42557,52],{"id":51},[54,42559,42561],{"className":56,"code":42560,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,42562,42563,42573,42583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42564,42565,42567,42569,42571],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42566,32444],{"class":139},[63,42568,113],{"class":81},[63,42570,11468],{"class":139},[63,42572,126],{"class":81},[63,42574,42575,42577,42579,42581],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42576,32444],{"class":139},[63,42578,113],{"class":81},[63,42580,3779],{"class":77},[63,42582,126],{"class":81},[63,42584,42585,42587,42589,42591,42593,42595],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,42586,32444],{"class":139},[63,42588,113],{"class":81},[63,42590,193],{"class":116},[63,42592,34952],{"class":120},[63,42594,193],{"class":116},[63,42596,126],{"class":81},[14,42598,222,42599,42601,42602,1725,42604,42606,42607,42610],{},[18,42600,35321],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,42603,11468],{},[18,42605,3779],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,42608,42609],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[49,42612,42614],{"id":42613},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42616,42617,42619],{},[18,42618,35321],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42621,42622],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[29,42624,42625,42628,42631,42634,42637],{},[32,42626,42627],{},"Functions",[32,42629,42630],{},"Classes",[32,42632,42633],{},"Methods",[32,42635,42636],{},"Modules",[32,42638,42639],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42641,42642],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42644,42645,42646,42652],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[196,42647,42649],{"href":42648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,42650,42651],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[54,42654,42656],{"className":56,"code":42655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\n",[18,42657,42658],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42659,42660,42662,42664,42666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42661,32444],{"class":139},[63,42663,113],{"class":81},[63,42665,11468],{"class":139},[63,42667,126],{"class":81},[14,42669,42670],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[49,42672,263],{"id":262},[14,42674,42675],{},"The main form is:",[54,42677,42679],{"className":56,"code":42678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(object)\n",[18,42680,42681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42682,42683,42685,42687,42690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42684,32444],{"class":139},[63,42686,113],{"class":81},[63,42688,42689],{"class":77},"object",[63,42691,126],{"class":81},[14,42693,42694],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42696,42697],{},"Common examples include:",[29,42699,42700,42704,42709,42713],{},[32,42701,42702],{},[18,42703,11468],{},[32,42705,42706],{},[18,42707,42708],{},"list.append",[32,42710,42711],{},[18,42712,3779],{},[32,42714,42715],{},[18,42716,42717],{},"open",[14,42719,7496,42720,7499],{},[18,42721,35321],{},[54,42723,42725],{"className":56,"code":42724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help()\n",[18,42726,42727],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42728,42729,42731],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42730,32444],{"class":139},[63,42732,279],{"class":81},[14,42734,42735],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[49,42737,42739],{"id":42738},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[486,42741,42743],{"id":42742},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42745,42746,42747,2524,42749,2524,42751,17369,42754,259],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,42748,11468],{},[18,42750,140],{},[18,42752,42753],{},"input",[196,42755,42756],{"href":2634},[18,42757,2637],{},[54,42759,42761],{"className":56,"code":42760,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,42762,42763,42773,42783],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42766,32444],{"class":139},[63,42768,113],{"class":81},[63,42770,140],{"class":139},[63,42772,126],{"class":81},[63,42774,42775,42777,42779,42781],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42776,32444],{"class":139},[63,42778,113],{"class":81},[63,42780,42753],{"class":139},[63,42782,126],{"class":81},[63,42784,42785,42787,42789,42791],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,42786,32444],{"class":139},[63,42788,113],{"class":81},[63,42790,3557],{"class":77},[63,42792,126],{"class":81},[486,42794,42796],{"id":42795},"data-types","Data types",[14,42798,42799,42800,2524,42802,2524,42804,17369,42806,259],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42801,3779],{},[18,42803,276],{},[18,42805,9138],{},[18,42807,6607],{},[54,42809,42811],{"className":56,"code":42810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42812,42813,42823,42833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42814,42815,42817,42819,42821],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42816,32444],{"class":139},[63,42818,113],{"class":81},[63,42820,3779],{"class":77},[63,42822,126],{"class":81},[63,42824,42825,42827,42829,42831],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42826,32444],{"class":139},[63,42828,113],{"class":81},[63,42830,276],{"class":77},[63,42832,126],{"class":81},[63,42834,42835,42837,42839,42841],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,42836,32444],{"class":139},[63,42838,113],{"class":81},[63,42840,9138],{"class":77},[63,42842,126],{"class":81},[14,42844,42845],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[486,42847,42633],{"id":34799},[14,42849,42850,42851,4726,42854,259],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42852,42853],{},"str.split",[18,42855,42708],{},[54,42857,42859],{"className":56,"code":42858,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42860,42861,42875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42862,42863,42865,42867,42869,42871,42873],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42864,32444],{"class":139},[63,42866,113],{"class":81},[63,42868,3779],{"class":77},[63,42870,259],{"class":81},[63,42872,34762],{"class":25042},[63,42874,126],{"class":81},[63,42876,42877,42879,42881,42883,42885,42887],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42878,32444],{"class":139},[63,42880,113],{"class":81},[63,42882,276],{"class":77},[63,42884,259],{"class":81},[63,42886,401],{"class":25042},[63,42888,126],{"class":81},[14,42890,42891,42892,9021,42894,28604,42899,42901,42902,42904],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42893,35321],{},[196,42895,42897],{"href":42896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42898,34604],{},[18,42900,34604],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42903,35321],{}," explains one of them.",[486,42906,42636],{"id":34952},[14,42908,42909,42910,2524,42912,17369,42914,259],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42911,18713],{},[18,42913,35484],{},[18,42915,42916],{},"os",[54,42918,42920],{"className":56,"code":42919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42921,42922,42928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42923,42924,42926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42925,35385],{"class":1155},[63,42927,35388],{"class":69},[63,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,42931,32444],{"class":139},[63,42933,113],{"class":81},[63,42935,18713],{"class":145},[63,42937,126],{"class":81},[14,42939,42940,42941,42945,42946,259],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[196,42942,42944],{"href":42943},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[196,42947,35451],{"href":42948},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[49,42950,35212],{"id":35211},[14,42952,42953,42955],{},[18,42954,35321],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42957,42958],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[29,42960,42961,42964,42967,42970],{},[32,42962,42963],{},"The function signature",[32,42965,42966],{},"The short description",[32,42968,42969],{},"Parameter names",[32,42971,42972],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42974,5794],{},[54,42976,42978],{"className":56,"code":42977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42979,42980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,42981,42982,42984,42986,42988,42990,42992],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,42983,32444],{"class":139},[63,42985,113],{"class":81},[63,42987,3779],{"class":77},[63,42989,259],{"class":81},[63,42991,34762],{"class":25042},[63,42993,126],{"class":81},[14,42995,42996],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[29,42998,42999,43002,43005,43007],{},[32,43000,43001],{},"What object this is",[32,43003,43004],{},"What arguments it accepts",[32,43006,22264],{},[32,43008,43009],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,43011,43012],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[49,43014,43016],{"id":43015},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,43018,43019,30165],{},[18,43020,35321],{},[29,43022,43023,43026,43029,43032],{},[32,43024,43025],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[32,43027,43028],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[32,43030,43031],{},"You are exploring a new module",[32,43033,43034],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,43036,43037],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[54,43039,43040],{"className":56,"code":42977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,43041,43042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43043,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43045,32444],{"class":139},[63,43047,113],{"class":81},[63,43049,3779],{"class":77},[63,43051,259],{"class":81},[63,43053,34762],{"class":25042},[63,43055,126],{"class":81},[14,43057,43058],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[54,43060,43062],{"className":56,"code":43061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(open)\n",[18,43063,43064],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43065,43066,43068,43070,43072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43067,32444],{"class":139},[63,43069,113],{"class":81},[63,43071,42717],{"class":139},[63,43073,126],{"class":81},[49,43075,43077],{"id":43076},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,43079,43080,43082],{},[18,43081,35321],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[29,43084,43085,43088,43091,43094],{},[32,43086,43087],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[32,43089,43090],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[32,43092,43093],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[32,43095,43096],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,43098,43099,43100,43102],{},"So, ",[18,43101,35321],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,43104,5794],{},[54,43106,43108],{"className":56,"code":43107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,43109,43110,43123,43147,43151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118,43121],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43113,34981],{"class":69},[63,43115,74],{"class":73},[63,43117,824],{"class":116},[63,43119,43120],{"class":120},"a,b,c",[63,43122,3694],{"class":116},[63,43124,43125,43128,43130,43133,43135,43137,43139,43141,43143,43145],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43126,43127],{"class":69},"parts ",[63,43129,74],{"class":73},[63,43131,43132],{"class":69}," text",[63,43134,259],{"class":81},[63,43136,34762],{"class":145},[63,43138,113],{"class":81},[63,43140,117],{"class":116},[63,43142,89],{"class":120},[63,43144,117],{"class":116},[63,43146,126],{"class":81},[63,43148,43149],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,43150,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,43152,43153,43155,43157,43160],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,43154,140],{"class":139},[63,43156,113],{"class":81},[63,43158,43159],{"class":145},"parts",[63,43161,126],{"class":81},[14,43163,5879],{},[54,43165,43167],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43168,43169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43170,43171,43173,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187,43189,43191,43193,43195],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43172,173],{"class":81},[63,43174,193],{"class":116},[63,43176,196],{"class":120},[63,43178,193],{"class":116},[63,43180,89],{"class":81},[63,43182,203],{"class":116},[63,43184,206],{"class":120},[63,43186,193],{"class":116},[63,43188,89],{"class":81},[63,43190,203],{"class":116},[63,43192,215],{"class":120},[63,43194,193],{"class":116},[63,43196,186],{"class":81},[14,43198,43199],{},"A good workflow is:",[29004,43201,43202,43207,43210,43213],{},[32,43203,222,43204,43206],{},[18,43205,35321],{}," to inspect something",[32,43208,43209],{},"Write a tiny example",[32,43211,43212],{},"Check the result",[32,43214,43215],{},"Repeat",[49,43217,43219],{"id":43218},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43221,43222,4726,43224,43226],{},[18,43223,35321],{},[18,43225,34604],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[486,43228,43229],{"id":32444},[18,43230,35321],{},[14,43232,222,43233,43235],{},[18,43234,35321],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43237,43238],{},"It tells you:",[29,43240,43241,43244,43247],{},[32,43242,43243],{},"What something is",[32,43245,43246],{},"How to use it",[32,43248,43249],{},"What parameters it accepts",[486,43251,43252],{"id":34665},[18,43253,34604],{},[14,43255,222,43256,43258],{},[18,43257,34604],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[54,43260,43262],{"className":56,"code":43261,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dir(str)\n",[18,43263,43264],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43265,43266,43268,43270,43272],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43267,34665],{"class":139},[63,43269,113],{"class":81},[63,43271,3779],{"class":77},[63,43273,126],{"class":81},[14,43275,43276,43277,2524,43279,17369,43281,259],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,43278,34762],{},[18,43280,8951],{},[18,43282,8957],{},[14,43284,43285,43286,821],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,43287,35321],{},[54,43289,43291],{"className":56,"code":43290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,43292,43293],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43294,43295,43297,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43296,32444],{"class":139},[63,43298,113],{"class":81},[63,43300,3779],{"class":77},[63,43302,259],{"class":81},[63,43304,8957],{"class":25042},[63,43306,126],{"class":81},[14,43308,43309],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[29,43311,43312,43317],{},[32,43313,222,43314,43316],{},[18,43315,34604],{}," to discover options",[32,43318,222,43319,43321],{},[18,43320,35321],{}," to understand one option",[49,43323,3167],{"id":3166},[14,43325,43326,43327,259],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,43328,35321],{},[486,43330,8733,43332,43335,43336],{"id":43331},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,43333,43334],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,43337,43338],{},"help(len)",[14,43340,43341],{},"These are not always the same.",[54,43343,43345],{"className":56,"code":43344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,43346,43347,43357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43348,43349,43351,43353,43355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43350,32444],{"class":139},[63,43352,113],{"class":81},[63,43354,11468],{"class":139},[63,43356,126],{"class":81},[63,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365,43367,43369],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43360,32444],{"class":139},[63,43362,113],{"class":81},[63,43364,193],{"class":116},[63,43366,11468],{"class":120},[63,43368,193],{"class":116},[63,43370,126],{"class":81},[14,43372,43373,43375],{},[18,43374,43338],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43377,43378,43380,43381,43384],{},[18,43379,43334],{}," treats ",[18,43382,43383],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[486,43386,43388],{"id":43387},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43390,43391,43393],{},[18,43392,35321],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43395,43396],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[486,43398,43400],{"id":43399},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43402,40633,43403,43405],{},[18,43404,35321],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43407,2543],{},[54,43409,43411],{"className":56,"code":43410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,43412,43413,43423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43414,43415,43417,43419,43421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43416,32444],{"class":139},[63,43418,113],{"class":81},[63,43420,11468],{"class":139},[63,43422,126],{"class":81},[63,43424,43425,43427,43429,43431,43434,43436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43426,140],{"class":139},[63,43428,113],{"class":81},[63,43430,117],{"class":116},[63,43432,43433],{"class":120},"Done",[63,43435,117],{"class":116},[63,43437,126],{"class":81},[14,43439,43440],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[486,43442,37494,43444,9021,43446],{"id":43443},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,43445,35321],{},[18,43447,34604],{},[14,43449,43450,43451,259],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,43452,34604],{},[14,43454,43455,43456,259],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,43457,35321],{},[49,43459,43461],{"id":43460},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43463,43464],{},"Open Python:",[54,43466,43467],{"className":56,"code":35837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,43468,43469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43470,43471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43472,35837],{"class":69},[14,43474,43475],{},"Then test these commands:",[54,43477,43479],{"className":56,"code":43478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,43480,43481,43491,43505,43519,43529,43544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43482,43483,43485,43487,43489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43484,32444],{"class":139},[63,43486,113],{"class":81},[63,43488,11468],{"class":139},[63,43490,126],{"class":81},[63,43492,43493,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43494,32444],{"class":139},[63,43496,113],{"class":81},[63,43498,3779],{"class":77},[63,43500,259],{"class":81},[63,43502,34762],{"class":25042},[63,43504,126],{"class":81},[63,43506,43507,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,43508,32444],{"class":139},[63,43510,113],{"class":81},[63,43512,276],{"class":77},[63,43514,259],{"class":81},[63,43516,401],{"class":25042},[63,43518,126],{"class":81},[63,43520,43521,43523,43525,43527],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,43522,32444],{"class":139},[63,43524,113],{"class":81},[63,43526,42717],{"class":139},[63,43528,126],{"class":81},[63,43530,43531,43533,43535,43537,43540,43542],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,43532,32444],{"class":139},[63,43534,113],{"class":81},[63,43536,193],{"class":116},[63,43538,43539],{"class":120},"keywords",[63,43541,193],{"class":116},[63,43543,126],{"class":81},[63,43545,43546,43548,43550,43552],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,43547,34665],{"class":139},[63,43549,113],{"class":81},[63,43551,3779],{"class":77},[63,43553,126],{"class":81},[14,43555,43556],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[29,43558,43559,43562,43565,43568,43571,43574],{},[32,43560,43561],{},"A built-in function",[32,43563,43564],{},"A string method",[32,43566,43567],{},"A list method",[32,43569,43570],{},"A built-in file function",[32,43572,43573],{},"A special help topic",[32,43575,15485,43576,43578],{},[18,43577,34604],{}," example for comparison",[49,43580,2165],{"id":2164},[486,43582,43584],{"id":43583},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43586,43587],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[486,43589,43591],{"id":43590},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43593,43594,43595,43597],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,43596,35321],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[54,43599,43601],{"className":56,"code":43600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,43602,43603,43615,43628,43647,43651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43606,35145],{"class":2402},[63,43608,35149],{"class":35148},[63,43610,113],{"class":81},[63,43612,816],{"class":37953},[63,43614,8657],{"class":81},[63,43616,43617,43621,43625],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43618,43620],{"class":43619},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[63,43622,43624],{"class":43623},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[63,43626,43627],{"class":43619},"\"\"\"\n",[63,43629,43630,43632,43635,43638,43640,43642,43644],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,43631,35156],{"class":1155},[63,43633,43634],{"class":2402}," f",[63,43636,43637],{"class":120},"\"Hello, ",[63,43639,9588],{"class":85},[63,43641,816],{"class":69},[63,43643,22596],{"class":85},[63,43645,43646],{"class":120},"!\"\n",[63,43648,43649],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,43650,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,43652,43653,43655,43657,43659],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,43654,32444],{"class":139},[63,43656,113],{"class":81},[63,43658,35191],{"class":145},[63,43660,126],{"class":81},[486,43662,43664],{"id":43663},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43666,43667,43669,43670,43672],{},[18,43668,43338],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,43671,43334],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[486,43674,43676],{"id":43675},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43678,43679],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[49,43681,2219],{"id":2218},[29,43683,43684,43689,43693,43698,43703],{},[32,43685,43686],{},[196,43687,43688],{"href":42896},"Python dir() function explained",[32,43690,43691],{},[196,43692,8758],{"href":2634},[32,43694,43695],{},[196,43696,43697],{"href":42648},"Python len() function explained",[32,43699,43700],{},[196,43701,43702],{"href":42943},"How import works in Python",[32,43704,43705],{},[196,43706,35451],{"href":42948},[14,43708,43709,43710,43712,43713,2524,43715,17369,43717,43719,43720,1725,43723,43726],{},"Try ",[18,43711,35321],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,43714,11468],{},[18,43716,140],{},[18,43718,42753],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,43721,43722],{},"dir(str)",[18,43724,43725],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2259,43728,43729],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":43731},[43732,43733,43734,43735,43741,43742,43743,43744,43748,43756,43757,43763],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":42613,"depth":103,"text":42614},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":42738,"depth":103,"text":42739,"children":43736},[43737,43738,43739,43740],{"id":42742,"depth":129,"text":42743},{"id":42795,"depth":129,"text":42796},{"id":34799,"depth":129,"text":42633},{"id":34952,"depth":129,"text":42636},{"id":35211,"depth":103,"text":35212},{"id":43015,"depth":103,"text":43016},{"id":43076,"depth":103,"text":43077},{"id":43218,"depth":103,"text":43219,"children":43745},[43746,43747],{"id":32444,"depth":129,"text":35321},{"id":34665,"depth":129,"text":34604},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":43749},[43750,43752,43753,43754],{"id":43331,"depth":129,"text":43751},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43387,"depth":129,"text":43388},{"id":43399,"depth":129,"text":43400},{"id":43443,"depth":129,"text":43755},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43460,"depth":103,"text":43461},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":43758},[43759,43760,43761,43762],{"id":43583,"depth":129,"text":43584},{"id":43590,"depth":129,"text":43591},{"id":43663,"depth":129,"text":43664},{"id":43675,"depth":129,"text":43676},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42542,"description":43764},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43770,"title":43771,"body":43772,"description":45134,"extension":2300,"meta":45135,"navigation":132,"path":45136,"seo":45137,"stem":45138,"__hash__":45139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43773,"toc":45107},[43774,43780,43785,43791,43801,43860,43870,43881,43886,43892,43894,43912,43920,43922,43924,43939,43942,43953,43955,44046,44049,44053,44058,44079,44081,44192,44194,44221,44232,44236,44239,44322,44324,44332,44338,44344,44348,44351,44461,44463,44476,44479,44493,44501,44508,44513,44527,44533,44646,44648,44709,44712,44718,44724,44727,44749,44752,44822,44825,44857,44864,44866,44869,44887,44890,44902,44908,44910,44915,44941,44944,45016,45018,45024,45027,45033,45036,45042,45052,45058,45061,45068,45071,45073,45104],[10,43775,3912,43777,3916],{"id":43776},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43778,43779],{},"id()",[14,43781,32609,43782,43784],{},[18,43783,43779],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43786,43787,43788,43790],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43789,43779],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43792,222,43793,43795,43796,43798,43799,259],{},[18,43794,43779],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1217,43797,4961],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43800,5019],{},[54,43802,43804],{"className":56,"code":43803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43805,43806,43818,43832,43836,43846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43807,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43809,8194],{"class":69},[63,43811,74],{"class":73},[63,43813,824],{"class":116},[63,43815,7617],{"class":120},[63,43817,3694],{"class":116},[63,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43830],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43821,140],{"class":139},[63,43823,113],{"class":81},[63,43825,12956],{"class":139},[63,43827,113],{"class":81},[63,43829,816],{"class":145},[63,43831,100],{"class":81},[63,43833,43834],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,43835,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,43837,43838,43841,43843],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,43839,43840],{"class":69},"other ",[63,43842,74],{"class":73},[63,43844,43845],{"class":69}," name\n",[63,43847,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,43849,140],{"class":139},[63,43851,113],{"class":81},[63,43853,12956],{"class":139},[63,43855,113],{"class":81},[63,43857,31034],{"class":145},[63,43859,100],{"class":81},[14,43861,43862,43863,43866,43867,43869],{},"In this example, ",[18,43864,43865],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43868,43779],{}," values match.",[43871,43872,43873],"blockquote",{},[14,43874,222,43875,43877,43878,43880],{},[18,43876,43779],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43879,5019],{}," for value comparison.",[49,43882,4014,43884,4017],{"id":43883},"what-id-does",[18,43885,43779],{},[14,43887,43888,43891],{},[18,43889,43890],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43893,13357],{},[29,43895,43896,43899,43906,43909],{},[32,43897,43898],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[32,43900,43901,43902,43905],{},"It shows ",[1217,43903,43904],{},"object identity",", not object value",[32,43907,43908],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[32,43910,43911],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43913,43914,43915,43919],{},"This is closely related to how ",[196,43916,43918],{"href":43917},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[49,43921,263],{"id":262},[14,43923,5756],{},[54,43925,43927],{"className":56,"code":43926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"id(object)\n",[18,43928,43929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43930,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43932,12956],{"class":139},[63,43934,113],{"class":81},[63,43936,42689],{"class":77},[63,43938,126],{"class":81},[14,43940,43941],{},"Important details:",[29,43943,43944,43947,43950],{},[32,43945,43946],{},"It takes one argument",[32,43948,43949],{},"It returns an integer",[32,43951,43952],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43954,2543],{},[54,43956,43958],{"className":56,"code":43957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43959,43960,43972,43980,44000,44004,44018,44032],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,43961,43962,43964,43966,43968,43970],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,43963,34981],{"class":69},[63,43965,74],{"class":73},[63,43967,824],{"class":116},[63,43969,1995],{"class":120},[63,43971,3694],{"class":116},[63,43973,43974,43976,43978],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,43975,2553],{"class":69},[63,43977,74],{"class":73},[63,43979,3105],{"class":85},[63,43981,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,43983,342],{"class":69},[63,43985,74],{"class":73},[63,43987,1091],{"class":81},[63,43989,86],{"class":85},[63,43991,89],{"class":81},[63,43993,92],{"class":85},[63,43995,89],{"class":81},[63,43997,97],{"class":85},[63,43999,186],{"class":81},[63,44001,44002],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44003,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44005,44006,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44007,140],{"class":139},[63,44009,113],{"class":81},[63,44011,12956],{"class":139},[63,44013,113],{"class":81},[63,44015,35002],{"class":145},[63,44017,100],{"class":81},[63,44019,44020,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,44021,140],{"class":139},[63,44023,113],{"class":81},[63,44025,12956],{"class":139},[63,44027,113],{"class":81},[63,44029,2575],{"class":145},[63,44031,100],{"class":81},[63,44033,44034,44036,44038,44040,44042,44044],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,44035,140],{"class":139},[63,44037,113],{"class":81},[63,44039,12956],{"class":139},[63,44041,113],{"class":81},[63,44043,357],{"class":145},[63,44045,100],{"class":81},[14,44047,44048],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[49,44050,44052],{"id":44051},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,44054,44055,44056,259],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,44057,43779],{},[29,44059,44060,44067,44074],{},[32,44061,44062,44064,44065],{},[18,44063,5019],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1217,44066,2807],{},[32,44068,44069,44071,44072],{},[18,44070,1156],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1217,44073,42689],{},[32,44075,44076,44078],{},[18,44077,43779],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,44080,2543],{},[54,44082,44084],{"className":56,"code":44083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,44085,44086,44106,44126,44130,44147,44164,44178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44087,44088,44090,44092,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102,44104],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44089,2890],{"class":69},[63,44091,74],{"class":73},[63,44093,1091],{"class":81},[63,44095,86],{"class":85},[63,44097,89],{"class":81},[63,44099,92],{"class":85},[63,44101,89],{"class":81},[63,44103,97],{"class":85},[63,44105,186],{"class":81},[63,44107,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44109,2918],{"class":69},[63,44111,74],{"class":73},[63,44113,1091],{"class":81},[63,44115,86],{"class":85},[63,44117,89],{"class":81},[63,44119,92],{"class":85},[63,44121,89],{"class":81},[63,44123,97],{"class":85},[63,44125,186],{"class":81},[63,44127,44128],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44129,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44131,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44133,140],{"class":139},[63,44135,113],{"class":81},[63,44137,2890],{"class":145},[63,44139,5019],{"class":73},[63,44141,2895],{"class":145},[63,44143,3997],{"class":81},[63,44145,44146],{"class":1910},"   # True\n",[63,44148,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44150,140],{"class":139},[63,44152,113],{"class":81},[63,44154,2890],{"class":145},[63,44156,1156],{"class":1155},[63,44158,2895],{"class":145},[63,44160,3997],{"class":81},[63,44162,44163],{"class":1910},"   # False\n",[63,44165,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174,44176],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,44167,140],{"class":139},[63,44169,113],{"class":81},[63,44171,12956],{"class":139},[63,44173,113],{"class":81},[63,44175,196],{"class":145},[63,44177,100],{"class":81},[63,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,44181,140],{"class":139},[63,44183,113],{"class":81},[63,44185,12956],{"class":139},[63,44187,113],{"class":81},[63,44189,206],{"class":145},[63,44191,100],{"class":81},[14,44193,2514],{},[29,44195,44196,44204,44212],{},[32,44197,44198,5114,44201,44203],{},[18,44199,44200],{},"a == b",[18,44202,3941],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[32,44205,44206,5114,44209,44211],{},[18,44207,44208],{},"a is b",[18,44210,4010],{}," because they are different list objects",[32,44213,44214,4726,44217,44220],{},[18,44215,44216],{},"id(a)",[18,44218,44219],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44222,44223,44224,4726,44228,259],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[196,44225,44227],{"href":44226},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[196,44229,44231],{"href":44230},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[49,44233,44235],{"id":44234},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44237,44238],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[54,44240,44242],{"className":56,"code":44241,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,44243,44244,44264,44274,44278,44292,44307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44245,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258,44260,44262],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44247,70],{"class":69},[63,44249,74],{"class":73},[63,44251,1091],{"class":81},[63,44253,741],{"class":85},[63,44255,89],{"class":81},[63,44257,746],{"class":85},[63,44259,89],{"class":81},[63,44261,751],{"class":85},[63,44263,186],{"class":81},[63,44265,44266,44269,44271],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44267,44268],{"class":69},"other_numbers ",[63,44270,74],{"class":73},[63,44272,44273],{"class":69}," numbers\n",[63,44275,44276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44277,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44279,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44281,140],{"class":139},[63,44283,113],{"class":81},[63,44285,12956],{"class":139},[63,44287,113],{"class":81},[63,44289,146],{"class":145},[63,44291,100],{"class":81},[63,44293,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44305],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44295,140],{"class":139},[63,44297,113],{"class":81},[63,44299,12956],{"class":139},[63,44301,113],{"class":81},[63,44303,44304],{"class":145},"other_numbers",[63,44306,100],{"class":81},[63,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44320],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,44310,140],{"class":139},[63,44312,113],{"class":81},[63,44314,70],{"class":145},[63,44316,1156],{"class":1155},[63,44318,44319],{"class":145}," other_numbers",[63,44321,126],{"class":81},[14,44323,5879],{},[54,44325,44326],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,44327,44328],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44329,44330],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44331,4313],{"class":1205},[14,44333,44334,44335,44337],{},"The two ",[18,44336,43779],{}," values will also match.",[14,44339,22483,44340,44343],{},[18,44341,44342],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[49,44345,44347],{"id":44346},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44349,44350],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[54,44352,44354],{"className":56,"code":44353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,44355,44356,44377,44398,44402,44417,44431,44446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44357,44358,44361,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44359,44360],{"class":69},"list_a ",[63,44362,74],{"class":73},[63,44364,1091],{"class":81},[63,44366,86],{"class":85},[63,44368,89],{"class":81},[63,44370,92],{"class":85},[63,44372,89],{"class":81},[63,44374,97],{"class":85},[63,44376,186],{"class":81},[63,44378,44379,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44392,44394,44396],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44380,44381],{"class":69},"list_b ",[63,44383,74],{"class":73},[63,44385,1091],{"class":81},[63,44387,86],{"class":85},[63,44389,89],{"class":81},[63,44391,92],{"class":85},[63,44393,89],{"class":81},[63,44395,97],{"class":85},[63,44397,186],{"class":81},[63,44399,44400],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44401,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44403,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44415],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44405,140],{"class":139},[63,44407,113],{"class":81},[63,44409,44360],{"class":145},[63,44411,5019],{"class":73},[63,44413,44414],{"class":145}," list_b",[63,44416,126],{"class":81},[63,44418,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44420,140],{"class":139},[63,44422,113],{"class":81},[63,44424,44360],{"class":145},[63,44426,1156],{"class":1155},[63,44428,44414],{"class":145},[63,44430,126],{"class":81},[63,44432,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44444],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,44434,140],{"class":139},[63,44436,113],{"class":81},[63,44438,12956],{"class":139},[63,44440,113],{"class":81},[63,44442,44443],{"class":145},"list_a",[63,44445,100],{"class":81},[63,44447,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44459],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,44449,140],{"class":139},[63,44451,113],{"class":81},[63,44453,12956],{"class":139},[63,44455,113],{"class":81},[63,44457,44458],{"class":145},"list_b",[63,44460,100],{"class":81},[14,44462,5879],{},[54,44464,44466],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\n",[18,44467,44468,44472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44469,44470],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44471,4313],{"class":1205},[63,44473,44474],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44475,1206],{"class":1205},[14,44477,44478],{},"What this means:",[29,44480,44481,44484,44487],{},[32,44482,44483],{},"The lists are equal in value",[32,44485,44486],{},"They are not the same object",[32,44488,44489,44490,44492],{},"Their ",[18,44491,43779],{}," values are usually different",[14,44494,44495,44496,44498,44499,259],{},"This is why ",[18,44497,43779],{}," should not replace ",[18,44500,5019],{},[49,44502,44504,44505,44507],{"id":44503},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,44506,43779],{}," is useful",[14,44509,44510,44512],{},[18,44511,43779],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[29,44514,44515,44518,44521,44524],{},[32,44516,44517],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[32,44519,44520],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[32,44522,44523],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[32,44525,44526],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44528,44529,44530,44532],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,44531,43779],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[54,44534,44536],{"className":56,"code":44535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,44537,44538,44562,44571,44575,44594,44598,44608,44618,44632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44539,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44541,1086],{"class":69},[63,44543,74],{"class":73},[63,44545,1091],{"class":81},[63,44547,117],{"class":116},[63,44549,196],{"class":120},[63,44551,117],{"class":116},[63,44553,89],{"class":81},[63,44555,824],{"class":116},[63,44557,206],{"class":120},[63,44559,117],{"class":116},[63,44561,186],{"class":81},[63,44563,44564,44567,44569],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44565,44566],{"class":69},"copy_ref ",[63,44568,74],{"class":73},[63,44570,12432],{"class":69},[63,44572,44573],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44574,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44576,44577,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44578,44579],{"class":69},"copy_ref",[63,44581,259],{"class":81},[63,44583,401],{"class":145},[63,44585,113],{"class":81},[63,44587,117],{"class":116},[63,44589,215],{"class":120},[63,44591,117],{"class":116},[63,44593,126],{"class":81},[63,44595,44596],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44597,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44599,44600,44602,44604,44606],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,44601,140],{"class":139},[63,44603,113],{"class":81},[63,44605,1117],{"class":145},[63,44607,126],{"class":81},[63,44609,44610,44612,44614,44616],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,44611,140],{"class":139},[63,44613,113],{"class":81},[63,44615,44579],{"class":145},[63,44617,126],{"class":81},[63,44619,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,44621,140],{"class":139},[63,44623,113],{"class":81},[63,44625,12956],{"class":139},[63,44627,113],{"class":81},[63,44629,1117],{"class":145},[63,44631,100],{"class":81},[63,44633,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,44635,140],{"class":139},[63,44637,113],{"class":81},[63,44639,12956],{"class":139},[63,44641,113],{"class":81},[63,44643,44579],{"class":145},[63,44645,100],{"class":81},[14,44647,5879],{},[54,44649,44651],{"className":56,"code":44650,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,44652,44653,44681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44654,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677,44679],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44656,173],{"class":81},[63,44658,193],{"class":116},[63,44660,196],{"class":120},[63,44662,193],{"class":116},[63,44664,89],{"class":81},[63,44666,203],{"class":116},[63,44668,206],{"class":120},[63,44670,193],{"class":116},[63,44672,89],{"class":81},[63,44674,203],{"class":116},[63,44676,215],{"class":120},[63,44678,193],{"class":116},[63,44680,186],{"class":81},[63,44682,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705,44707],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44684,173],{"class":81},[63,44686,193],{"class":116},[63,44688,196],{"class":120},[63,44690,193],{"class":116},[63,44692,89],{"class":81},[63,44694,203],{"class":116},[63,44696,206],{"class":120},[63,44698,193],{"class":116},[63,44700,89],{"class":81},[63,44702,203],{"class":116},[63,44704,215],{"class":120},[63,44706,193],{"class":116},[63,44708,186],{"class":81},[14,44710,44711],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[49,44713,44715,44716],{"id":44714},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,44717,43779],{},[14,44719,44720,44721,44723],{},"Do not use ",[18,44722,43779],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44725,44726],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[29,44728,44729,44735,44741,44744],{},[32,44730,44731,44732,44734],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,44733,5019],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[32,44736,44737,44738,44740],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,44739,43779],{}," values across program runs",[32,44742,44743],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[32,44745,44746,44747],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,44748,43779],{},[14,44750,44751],{},"Bad example:",[54,44753,44755],{"className":56,"code":44754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44756,44757,44769,44781,44785,44807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44758,44759,44761,44763,44765,44767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44760,2890],{"class":69},[63,44762,74],{"class":73},[63,44764,824],{"class":116},[63,44766,580],{"class":120},[63,44768,3694],{"class":116},[63,44770,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44772,2918],{"class":69},[63,44774,74],{"class":73},[63,44776,824],{"class":116},[63,44778,580],{"class":120},[63,44780,3694],{"class":116},[63,44782,44783],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44784,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,44786,44787,44789,44791,44793,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44788,7318],{"class":1155},[63,44790,15112],{"class":139},[63,44792,113],{"class":81},[63,44794,196],{"class":145},[63,44796,3997],{"class":81},[63,44798,6728],{"class":73},[63,44800,15112],{"class":139},[63,44802,113],{"class":81},[63,44804,206],{"class":145},[63,44806,8657],{"class":81},[63,44808,44809,44811,44813,44815,44818,44820],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,44810,8386],{"class":139},[63,44812,113],{"class":81},[63,44814,117],{"class":116},[63,44816,44817],{"class":120},"The values are equal",[63,44819,117],{"class":116},[63,44821,126],{"class":81},[14,44823,44824],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[54,44826,44828],{"className":56,"code":44827,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44829,44830,44843],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44831,44832,44834,44837,44839,44841],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44833,7318],{"class":1155},[63,44835,44836],{"class":69}," a ",[63,44838,5019],{"class":73},[63,44840,2895],{"class":69},[63,44842,6713],{"class":81},[63,44844,44845,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44846,8386],{"class":139},[63,44848,113],{"class":81},[63,44850,117],{"class":116},[63,44852,44817],{"class":120},[63,44854,117],{"class":116},[63,44856,126],{"class":81},[14,44858,222,44859,1725,44861,44863],{},[18,44860,1156],{},[18,44862,43779],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[49,44865,21095],{"id":21094},[14,44867,44868],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[29,44870,44871,44874,44877,44882],{},[32,44872,44873],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[32,44875,44876],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[32,44878,44879,44880],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44881,43779],{},[32,44883,44884,44885],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44886,43779],{},[14,44888,44889],{},"The important rule is:",[29,44891,44892,44897],{},[32,44893,222,44894,44896],{},[18,44895,5019],{}," to check value",[32,44898,222,44899,44901],{},[18,44900,1156],{}," to check identity",[14,44903,44904,44905,44907],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44906,43779],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[49,44909,3167],{"id":3166},[14,44911,44912,44913,821],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44914,43779],{},[29,44916,44917,44925,44928,44931,44936],{},[32,44918,8733,44919,44921,44922,44924],{},[18,44920,43779],{}," when ",[18,44923,5019],{}," should be used",[32,44926,44927],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[32,44929,44930],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[32,44932,44933,44934],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44935,43779],{},[32,44937,8733,44938,44940],{},[18,44939,43779],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44942,44943],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[54,44945,44947],{"className":56,"code":44946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44948,44949,44964,44978,44992,45006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,44950,44951,44953,44955,44957,44959,44962],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,44952,140],{"class":139},[63,44954,113],{"class":81},[63,44956,12956],{"class":139},[63,44958,113],{"class":81},[63,44960,44961],{"class":145},"my_object",[63,44963,100],{"class":81},[63,44965,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,44967,140],{"class":139},[63,44969,113],{"class":81},[63,44971,2890],{"class":145},[63,44973,5019],{"class":73},[63,44975,2895],{"class":145},[63,44977,126],{"class":81},[63,44979,44980,44982,44984,44986,44988,44990],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,44981,140],{"class":139},[63,44983,113],{"class":81},[63,44985,2890],{"class":145},[63,44987,1156],{"class":1155},[63,44989,2895],{"class":145},[63,44991,126],{"class":81},[63,44993,44994,44996,44998,45000,45002,45004],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,44995,140],{"class":139},[63,44997,113],{"class":81},[63,44999,3557],{"class":77},[63,45001,113],{"class":81},[63,45003,44961],{"class":145},[63,45005,100],{"class":81},[63,45007,45008,45010,45012,45014],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,45009,32444],{"class":139},[63,45011,113],{"class":81},[63,45013,12956],{"class":139},[63,45015,126],{"class":81},[49,45017,2165],{"id":2164},[486,45019,45021,45022,13023],{"id":45020},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,45023,43779],{},[14,45025,45026],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[486,45028,15199,45030,45032],{"id":45029},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,45031,43779],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,45034,45035],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[486,45037,21715,45039,45041],{"id":45038},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,45040,43779],{}," to compare two values?",[14,45043,30562,45044,45046,45047,1725,45049,45051],{},[18,45045,5019],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,45048,43779],{},[18,45050,1156],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[486,45053,45055,45056,2827],{"id":45054},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,45057,43779],{},[14,45059,45060],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[486,45062,45064,45065,45067],{"id":45063},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,45066,43779],{}," values?",[14,45069,45070],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[49,45072,2219],{"id":2218},[29,45074,45075,45080,45085,45090,45098],{},[32,45076,45077],{},[196,45078,45079],{"href":43917},"Python variables explained for beginners",[32,45081,45082],{},[196,45083,45084],{"href":44226},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[32,45086,45087],{},[196,45088,45089],{"href":44230},"Python data types overview",[32,45091,45092],{},[196,45093,3912,45095,3845],{"href":45094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,45096,45097],{},"isinstance()",[32,45099,45100],{},[196,45101,45103],{"href":45102},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2259,45105,45106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":45108},[45109,45111,45112,45113,45114,45115,45117,45119,45120,45121,45133],{"id":43883,"depth":103,"text":45110},"What id() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":44051,"depth":103,"text":44052},{"id":44234,"depth":103,"text":44235},{"id":44346,"depth":103,"text":44347},{"id":44503,"depth":103,"text":45116},"When id() is useful",{"id":44714,"depth":103,"text":45118},"When not to use id()",{"id":21094,"depth":103,"text":21095},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":45122},[45123,45125,45127,45129,45131],{"id":45020,"depth":129,"text":45124},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45029,"depth":129,"text":45126},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45038,"depth":129,"text":45128},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45054,"depth":129,"text":45130},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45063,"depth":129,"text":45132},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43771,"description":45134},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45141,"title":42484,"body":45142,"description":46781,"extension":2300,"meta":46782,"navigation":132,"path":46783,"seo":46784,"stem":46785,"__hash__":46786},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45143,"toc":46747},[45144,45149,45154,45157,45159,45202,45207,45210,45215,45220,45223,45239,45241,45285,45287,45314,45316,45331,45333,45335,45337,45353,45355,45367,45370,45404,45407,45432,45437,45439,45444,45448,45451,45453,45501,45503,45536,45542,45553,45555,45607,45609,45640,45642,45646,45650,45693,45699,45705,45757,45765,45770,45774,45865,45867,45900,45903,45905,45965,45967,45993,46003,46005,46009,46014,46019,46021,46058,46060,46079,46082,46086,46089,46145,46157,46166,46168,46195,46203,46210,46214,46217,46254,46257,46263,46300,46302,46306,46312,46330,46334,46382,46386,46475,46478,46485,46487,46489,46494,46512,46514,46557,46563,46580,46582,46644,46646,46648,46654,46662,46668,46674,46683,46693,46697,46705,46707,46709,46744],[10,45145,3912,45147,3916],{"id":45146},"python-input-function-explained",[18,45148,3294],{},[14,45150,2317,45151,45153],{},[18,45152,3294],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45155,45156],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[49,45158,52],{"id":51},[54,45160,45162],{"className":56,"code":45161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,45163,45164,45183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45165,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174,45176,45179,45181],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45167,8194],{"class":69},[63,45169,74],{"class":73},[63,45171,8557],{"class":139},[63,45173,113],{"class":81},[63,45175,117],{"class":116},[63,45177,45178],{"class":120},"Enter your name: ",[63,45180,117],{"class":116},[63,45182,126],{"class":81},[63,45184,45185,45187,45189,45191,45194,45196,45198,45200],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45186,140],{"class":139},[63,45188,113],{"class":81},[63,45190,117],{"class":116},[63,45192,45193],{"class":120},"Hello, ",[63,45195,117],{"class":116},[63,45197,2789],{"class":73},[63,45199,36286],{"class":145},[63,45201,126],{"class":81},[14,45203,222,45204,45206],{},[18,45205,3294],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45208,45209],"hr",{},[49,45211,4014,45213,4017],{"id":45212},"what-input-does",[18,45214,3294],{},[14,45216,45217,45219],{},[18,45218,3294],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45221,45222],{},"Here is what happens:",[29,45224,45225,45230,45233,45236],{},[32,45226,45227,45229],{},[18,45228,3294],{}," waits for the user to type",[32,45231,45232],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[32,45234,45235],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[32,45237,45238],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45240,2543],{},[54,45242,45244],{"className":56,"code":45243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,45245,45246,45266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45247,45248,45251,45253,45255,45257,45259,45262,45264],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45249,45250],{"class":69},"color ",[63,45252,74],{"class":73},[63,45254,8557],{"class":139},[63,45256,113],{"class":81},[63,45258,117],{"class":116},[63,45260,45261],{"class":120},"What is your favorite color? ",[63,45263,117],{"class":116},[63,45265,126],{"class":81},[63,45267,45268,45270,45272,45274,45277,45279,45281,45283],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45269,140],{"class":139},[63,45271,113],{"class":81},[63,45273,117],{"class":116},[63,45275,45276],{"class":120},"Your favorite color is",[63,45278,117],{"class":116},[63,45280,89],{"class":81},[63,45282,36146],{"class":145},[63,45284,126],{"class":81},[14,45286,30321],{},[54,45288,45290],{"className":56,"code":45289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,45291,45292,45305],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45293,45294,45296,45298,45301,45303],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45295,4014],{"class":69},[63,45297,1156],{"class":73},[63,45299,45300],{"class":69}," your favorite color",[63,45302,2827],{"class":37657},[63,45304,36176],{"class":69},[63,45306,45307,45310,45312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45308,45309],{"class":69},"Your favorite color ",[63,45311,1156],{"class":73},[63,45313,36176],{"class":69},[14,45315,20251],{},[29,45317,45318,45323,45328],{},[32,45319,45320,45321],{},"The prompt is ",[18,45322,45261],{},[32,45324,45325,45326],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,45327,33183],{},[32,45329,45330],{},"That value is then printed",[45208,45332],{},[49,45334,263],{"id":262},[14,45336,7539],{},[54,45338,45340],{"className":56,"code":45339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"input(prompt)\n",[18,45341,45342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45343,45344,45346,45348,45351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45345,42753],{"class":139},[63,45347,113],{"class":81},[63,45349,45350],{"class":145},"prompt",[63,45352,126],{"class":81},[14,45354,11766],{},[29,45356,45357,45361,45364],{},[32,45358,2317,45359,20333],{},[18,45360,45350],{},[32,45362,45363],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[32,45365,45366],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45368,45369],{},"Example with a prompt:",[54,45371,45373],{"className":56,"code":45372,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,45374,45375,45394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45376,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387,45390,45392],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45378,8278],{"class":69},[63,45380,74],{"class":73},[63,45382,8557],{"class":139},[63,45384,113],{"class":81},[63,45386,117],{"class":116},[63,45388,45389],{"class":120},"Enter your username: ",[63,45391,117],{"class":116},[63,45393,126],{"class":81},[63,45395,45396,45398,45400,45402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45397,140],{"class":139},[63,45399,113],{"class":81},[63,45401,8302],{"class":145},[63,45403,126],{"class":81},[14,45405,45406],{},"Example without a prompt:",[54,45408,45410],{"className":56,"code":45409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,45411,45412,45422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45413,45414,45416,45418,45420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45415,2782],{"class":69},[63,45417,74],{"class":73},[63,45419,8557],{"class":139},[63,45421,279],{"class":81},[63,45423,45424,45426,45428,45430],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45425,140],{"class":139},[63,45427,113],{"class":81},[63,45429,2807],{"class":145},[63,45431,126],{"class":81},[14,45433,8083,45434,45436],{},[18,45435,3294],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45208,45438],{},[49,45440,4014,45442,12014],{"id":45441},"what-input-returns",[18,45443,3294],{},[14,45445,45446,8540],{},[18,45447,3294],{},[14,45449,45450],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45452,2543],{},[54,45454,45456],{"className":56,"code":45455,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45457,45458,45477,45487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45459,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45473,45475],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45461,21923],{"class":69},[63,45463,74],{"class":73},[63,45465,8557],{"class":139},[63,45467,113],{"class":81},[63,45469,117],{"class":116},[63,45471,45472],{"class":120},"Enter your age: ",[63,45474,117],{"class":116},[63,45476,126],{"class":81},[63,45478,45479,45481,45483,45485],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45480,140],{"class":139},[63,45482,113],{"class":81},[63,45484,836],{"class":145},[63,45486,126],{"class":81},[63,45488,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45490,140],{"class":139},[63,45492,113],{"class":81},[63,45494,3557],{"class":77},[63,45496,113],{"class":81},[63,45498,836],{"class":145},[63,45500,100],{"class":81},[14,45502,30321],{},[54,45504,45506],{"className":56,"code":45505,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45507,45508,45518,45522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45509,45510,45513,45515],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45511,45512],{"class":69},"Enter your age",[63,45514,821],{"class":81},[63,45516,45517],{"class":85}," 25\n",[63,45519,45520],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45521,3045],{"class":85},[63,45523,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45525,3626],{"class":73},[63,45527,3629],{"class":2402},[63,45529,203],{"class":116},[63,45531,3779],{"class":120},[63,45533,193],{"class":116},[63,45535,3638],{"class":73},[14,45537,45538,45539,45541],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,45540,9509],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45543,45544,45545,1725,45549,259],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[196,45546,45547],{"href":3212},[18,45548,3215],{},[196,45550,45551],{"href":3218},[18,45552,3221],{},[14,45554,2543],{},[54,45556,45558],{"className":56,"code":45557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,45559,45560,45583,45593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45561,45562,45564,45566,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45563,21923],{"class":69},[63,45565,74],{"class":73},[63,45567,45568],{"class":77}," int",[63,45570,113],{"class":81},[63,45572,42753],{"class":139},[63,45574,113],{"class":81},[63,45576,117],{"class":116},[63,45578,45472],{"class":120},[63,45580,117],{"class":116},[63,45582,100],{"class":81},[63,45584,45585,45587,45589,45591],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45586,140],{"class":139},[63,45588,113],{"class":81},[63,45590,836],{"class":145},[63,45592,126],{"class":81},[63,45594,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45596,140],{"class":139},[63,45598,113],{"class":81},[63,45600,3557],{"class":77},[63,45602,113],{"class":81},[63,45604,836],{"class":145},[63,45606,100],{"class":81},[14,45608,30321],{},[54,45610,45612],{"className":56,"code":45611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,45613,45614,45622,45626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45615,45616,45618,45620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45617,45512],{"class":69},[63,45619,821],{"class":81},[63,45621,45517],{"class":85},[63,45623,45624],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45625,3045],{"class":85},[63,45627,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45629,3626],{"class":73},[63,45631,3629],{"class":2402},[63,45633,203],{"class":116},[63,45635,1039],{"class":120},[63,45637,193],{"class":116},[63,45639,3638],{"class":73},[45208,45641],{},[49,45643,45645],{"id":45644},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[486,45647,45649],{"id":45648},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[54,45651,45653],{"className":56,"code":45652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,45654,45655,45674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45656,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45670,45672],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45658,8194],{"class":69},[63,45660,74],{"class":73},[63,45662,8557],{"class":139},[63,45664,113],{"class":81},[63,45666,117],{"class":116},[63,45668,45669],{"class":120},"What is your name? ",[63,45671,117],{"class":116},[63,45673,126],{"class":81},[63,45675,45676,45678,45680,45682,45685,45687,45689,45691],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45677,140],{"class":139},[63,45679,113],{"class":81},[63,45681,117],{"class":116},[63,45683,45684],{"class":120},"Hello,",[63,45686,117],{"class":116},[63,45688,89],{"class":81},[63,45690,36286],{"class":145},[63,45692,126],{"class":81},[14,45694,45695,45696,45698],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,45697,816],{}," and prints it.",[486,45700,45702,45703],{"id":45701},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,45704,3215],{},[54,45706,45708],{"className":56,"code":45707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,45709,45710,45733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718,45720,45722,45724,45726,45729,45731],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45713,21923],{"class":69},[63,45715,74],{"class":73},[63,45717,45568],{"class":77},[63,45719,113],{"class":81},[63,45721,42753],{"class":139},[63,45723,113],{"class":81},[63,45725,117],{"class":116},[63,45727,45728],{"class":120},"How old are you? ",[63,45730,117],{"class":116},[63,45732,100],{"class":81},[63,45734,45735,45737,45739,45741,45744,45746,45748,45751,45753,45755],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45736,140],{"class":139},[63,45738,113],{"class":81},[63,45740,117],{"class":116},[63,45742,45743],{"class":120},"Next year you will be",[63,45745,117],{"class":116},[63,45747,89],{"class":81},[63,45749,45750],{"class":145}," age ",[63,45752,2397],{"class":73},[63,45754,692],{"class":85},[63,45756,126],{"class":81},[14,45758,6380,45759,45761,45762,45764],{},[18,45760,3215],{}," converts the text from ",[18,45763,3294],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45766,45767,45768,259],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[196,45769,9298],{"href":9297},[486,45771,45773],{"id":45772},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[54,45775,45777],{"className":56,"code":45776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45778,45779,45803,45827,45841,45845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45780,45781,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796,45799,45801],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45782,45783],{"class":69},"num1 ",[63,45785,74],{"class":73},[63,45787,45568],{"class":77},[63,45789,113],{"class":81},[63,45791,42753],{"class":139},[63,45793,113],{"class":81},[63,45795,117],{"class":116},[63,45797,45798],{"class":120},"Enter the first number: ",[63,45800,117],{"class":116},[63,45802,100],{"class":81},[63,45804,45805,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45823,45825],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45806,45807],{"class":69},"num2 ",[63,45809,74],{"class":73},[63,45811,45568],{"class":77},[63,45813,113],{"class":81},[63,45815,42753],{"class":139},[63,45817,113],{"class":81},[63,45819,117],{"class":116},[63,45821,45822],{"class":120},"Enter the second number: ",[63,45824,117],{"class":116},[63,45826,100],{"class":81},[63,45828,45829,45831,45833,45836,45838],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45830,41473],{"class":69},[63,45832,74],{"class":73},[63,45834,45835],{"class":69}," num1 ",[63,45837,2397],{"class":73},[63,45839,45840],{"class":69}," num2\n",[63,45842,45843],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,45844,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,45846,45847,45849,45851,45853,45856,45858,45860,45863],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,45848,140],{"class":139},[63,45850,113],{"class":81},[63,45852,117],{"class":116},[63,45854,45855],{"class":120},"Total:",[63,45857,117],{"class":116},[63,45859,89],{"class":81},[63,45861,45862],{"class":145}," total",[63,45864,126],{"class":81},[14,45866,30321],{},[54,45868,45870],{"className":56,"code":45869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45871,45872,45882,45891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45873,45874,45877,45879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45875,45876],{"class":69},"Enter the first number",[63,45878,821],{"class":81},[63,45880,45881],{"class":85}," 2\n",[63,45883,45884,45887,45889],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45885,45886],{"class":69},"Enter the second number",[63,45888,821],{"class":81},[63,45890,2913],{"class":85},[63,45892,45893,45896,45898],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45894,45895],{"class":69},"Total",[63,45897,821],{"class":81},[63,45899,35136],{"class":85},[14,45901,45902],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45904,2543],{},[54,45906,45908],{"className":56,"code":45907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45909,45910,45928,45946,45950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45911,45912,45914,45916,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45913,45783],{"class":69},[63,45915,74],{"class":73},[63,45917,8557],{"class":139},[63,45919,113],{"class":81},[63,45921,117],{"class":116},[63,45923,45798],{"class":120},[63,45925,117],{"class":116},[63,45927,126],{"class":81},[63,45929,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45931,45807],{"class":69},[63,45933,74],{"class":73},[63,45935,8557],{"class":139},[63,45937,113],{"class":81},[63,45939,117],{"class":116},[63,45941,45822],{"class":120},[63,45943,117],{"class":116},[63,45945,126],{"class":81},[63,45947,45948],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45949,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,45951,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45963],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,45953,140],{"class":139},[63,45955,113],{"class":81},[63,45957,45783],{"class":145},[63,45959,2397],{"class":73},[63,45961,45962],{"class":145}," num2",[63,45964,126],{"class":81},[14,45966,30321],{},[54,45968,45970],{"className":56,"code":45969,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45971,45972,45980,45988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,45973,45974,45976,45978],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,45975,45876],{"class":69},[63,45977,821],{"class":81},[63,45979,45881],{"class":85},[63,45981,45982,45984,45986],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,45983,45886],{"class":69},[63,45985,821],{"class":81},[63,45987,2913],{"class":85},[63,45989,45990],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,45991,45992],{"class":85},"23\n",[14,45994,45995,45996,45999,46000,259],{},"That happens because ",[18,45997,45998],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,46001,46002],{},"\"23\"",[45208,46004],{},[49,46006,46008],{"id":46007},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,46010,46011,46012,259],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,46013,3294],{},[486,46015,5035,46017,41833],{"id":46016},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,46018,3294],{},[14,46020,39488],{},[54,46022,46024],{"className":56,"code":46023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,46025,46026,46044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46027,46028,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46029,2782],{"class":69},[63,46031,74],{"class":73},[63,46033,8557],{"class":139},[63,46035,113],{"class":81},[63,46037,117],{"class":116},[63,46039,42161],{"class":120},[63,46041,117],{"class":116},[63,46043,126],{"class":81},[63,46045,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46047,140],{"class":139},[63,46049,113],{"class":81},[63,46051,3557],{"class":77},[63,46053,113],{"class":81},[63,46055,2807],{"class":145},[63,46057,100],{"class":81},[14,46059,163],{},[54,46061,46063],{"className":56,"code":46062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,46064,46065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46068,3626],{"class":73},[63,46070,3629],{"class":2402},[63,46072,203],{"class":116},[63,46074,3779],{"class":120},[63,46076,193],{"class":116},[63,46078,3638],{"class":73},[14,46080,46081],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[486,46083,46085],{"id":46084},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,46087,46088],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[54,46090,46092],{"className":56,"code":46091,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,46093,46094,46112,46131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46095,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46097,2890],{"class":69},[63,46099,74],{"class":73},[63,46101,8557],{"class":139},[63,46103,113],{"class":81},[63,46105,117],{"class":116},[63,46107,42161],{"class":120},[63,46109,117],{"class":116},[63,46111,126],{"class":81},[63,46113,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124,46127,46129],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46115,2918],{"class":69},[63,46117,74],{"class":73},[63,46119,8557],{"class":139},[63,46121,113],{"class":81},[63,46123,117],{"class":116},[63,46125,46126],{"class":120},"Enter another number: ",[63,46128,117],{"class":116},[63,46130,126],{"class":81},[63,46132,46133,46135,46137,46139,46141,46143],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46134,140],{"class":139},[63,46136,113],{"class":81},[63,46138,2890],{"class":145},[63,46140,2397],{"class":73},[63,46142,2895],{"class":145},[63,46144,126],{"class":81},[14,46146,41411,46147,4726,46149,46151,46152,19259,46155,259],{},[18,46148,2840],{},[18,46150,661],{},", the result is ",[18,46153,46154],{},"45",[18,46156,2480],{},[486,46158,46160,46161,46163,46164],{"id":46159},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,46162,40994],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,46165,3215],{},[14,46167,2543],{},[54,46169,46171],{"className":56,"code":46170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,46172,46173],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46174,46175,46177,46179,46181,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46176,21923],{"class":69},[63,46178,74],{"class":73},[63,46180,45568],{"class":77},[63,46182,113],{"class":81},[63,46184,42753],{"class":139},[63,46186,113],{"class":81},[63,46188,117],{"class":116},[63,46190,45472],{"class":120},[63,46192,117],{"class":116},[63,46194,100],{"class":81},[14,46196,8586,46197,46200,46201,259],{},[18,46198,46199],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,46202,40994],{},[14,46204,46205,46206,259],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[196,46207,46209],{"href":46208},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[486,46211,46213],{"id":46212},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46215,46216],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[54,46218,46220],{"className":56,"code":46219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,46221,46222,46240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46223,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236,46238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46225,8194],{"class":69},[63,46227,74],{"class":73},[63,46229,8557],{"class":139},[63,46231,113],{"class":81},[63,46233,117],{"class":116},[63,46235,45178],{"class":120},[63,46237,117],{"class":116},[63,46239,126],{"class":81},[63,46241,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46243,140],{"class":139},[63,46245,113],{"class":81},[63,46247,42069],{"class":139},[63,46249,113],{"class":81},[63,46251,816],{"class":145},[63,46253,100],{"class":81},[14,46255,46256],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46258,46259,46260,821],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,46261,46262],{},".strip()",[54,46264,46266],{"className":56,"code":46265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,46267,46268,46290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46269,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46271,8194],{"class":69},[63,46273,74],{"class":73},[63,46275,8557],{"class":139},[63,46277,113],{"class":81},[63,46279,117],{"class":116},[63,46281,45178],{"class":120},[63,46283,117],{"class":116},[63,46285,8948],{"class":81},[63,46287,8951],{"class":145},[63,46289,279],{"class":81},[63,46291,46292,46294,46296,46298],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46293,140],{"class":139},[63,46295,113],{"class":81},[63,46297,816],{"class":145},[63,46299,126],{"class":81},[45208,46301],{},[49,46303,46305],{"id":46304},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46307,46308,46309,46311],{},"These habits make ",[18,46310,3294],{}," easier and safer to use.",[29,46313,46314,46317,46322,46325],{},[32,46315,46316],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[32,46318,222,46319,46321],{},[18,46320,46262],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[32,46323,46324],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[32,46326,222,46327,46329],{},[18,46328,30073],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46331,1743,46332,821],{},[18,46333,46262],{},[54,46335,46337],{"className":56,"code":46336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,46338,46339,46363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46340,46341,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352,46355,46357,46359,46361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46342,46343],{"class":69},"city ",[63,46345,74],{"class":73},[63,46347,8557],{"class":139},[63,46349,113],{"class":81},[63,46351,117],{"class":116},[63,46353,46354],{"class":120},"Enter your city: ",[63,46356,117],{"class":116},[63,46358,8948],{"class":81},[63,46360,8951],{"class":145},[63,46362,279],{"class":81},[63,46364,46365,46367,46369,46371,46374,46376,46378,46380],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46366,140],{"class":139},[63,46368,113],{"class":81},[63,46370,117],{"class":116},[63,46372,46373],{"class":120},"City:",[63,46375,117],{"class":116},[63,46377,89],{"class":81},[63,46379,31676],{"class":145},[63,46381,126],{"class":81},[14,46383,1743,46384,821],{},[18,46385,30073],{},[54,46387,46389],{"className":56,"code":46388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,46390,46391,46397,46420,46452,46460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46392,46393,46395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46394,30095],{"class":1155},[63,46396,6713],{"class":81},[63,46398,46399,46402,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46400,46401],{"class":69},"    age ",[63,46403,74],{"class":73},[63,46405,45568],{"class":77},[63,46407,113],{"class":81},[63,46409,42753],{"class":139},[63,46411,113],{"class":81},[63,46413,117],{"class":116},[63,46415,45472],{"class":120},[63,46417,117],{"class":116},[63,46419,100],{"class":81},[63,46421,46422,46424,46426,46428,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441,46443,46445,46448,46450],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46423,8386],{"class":139},[63,46425,113],{"class":81},[63,46427,117],{"class":116},[63,46429,46430],{"class":120},"You will be",[63,46432,117],{"class":116},[63,46434,89],{"class":81},[63,46436,45750],{"class":145},[63,46438,2397],{"class":73},[63,46440,692],{"class":85},[63,46442,89],{"class":81},[63,46444,824],{"class":116},[63,46446,46447],{"class":120},"next year",[63,46449,117],{"class":116},[63,46451,126],{"class":81},[63,46453,46454,46456,46458],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,46455,30126],{"class":1155},[63,46457,42216],{"class":77},[63,46459,6713],{"class":81},[63,46461,46462,46464,46466,46468,46471,46473],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,46463,8386],{"class":139},[63,46465,113],{"class":81},[63,46467,117],{"class":116},[63,46469,46470],{"class":120},"Please enter a whole number.",[63,46472,117],{"class":116},[63,46474,126],{"class":81},[14,46476,46477],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46479,46480,46481,259],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[196,46482,46484],{"href":46483},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45208,46486],{},[49,46488,3167],{"id":3166},[14,46490,46491,46492,821],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,46493,3294],{},[29,46495,46496,46503,46506,46509],{},[32,46497,46498,46499,1725,46501],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,46500,3215],{},[18,46502,3221],{},[32,46504,46505],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[32,46507,46508],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[32,46510,46511],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46513,32374],{},[54,46515,46517],{"className":56,"code":46516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46518,46519,46529,46543],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46520,46521,46523,46525,46527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46522,140],{"class":139},[63,46524,113],{"class":81},[63,46526,2807],{"class":145},[63,46528,126],{"class":81},[63,46530,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46532,140],{"class":139},[63,46534,113],{"class":81},[63,46536,3557],{"class":77},[63,46538,113],{"class":81},[63,46540,2807],{"class":145},[63,46542,100],{"class":81},[63,46544,46545,46547,46549,46551,46553,46555],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46546,140],{"class":139},[63,46548,113],{"class":81},[63,46550,42069],{"class":139},[63,46552,113],{"class":81},[63,46554,2807],{"class":145},[63,46556,100],{"class":81},[14,46558,46559,46560,46562],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,46561,3294],{}," actually returned:",[29,46564,46565,46570,46575],{},[32,46566,46567,46569],{},[18,46568,42117],{}," shows the value",[32,46571,46572,46574],{},[18,46573,42123],{}," shows the data type",[32,46576,46577,46579],{},[18,46578,42128],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46581,2543],{},[54,46583,46585],{"className":56,"code":46584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,46586,46587,46606,46616,46630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46588,46589,46591,46593,46595,46597,46599,46602,46604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46590,2782],{"class":69},[63,46592,74],{"class":73},[63,46594,8557],{"class":139},[63,46596,113],{"class":81},[63,46598,117],{"class":116},[63,46600,46601],{"class":120},"Enter something: ",[63,46603,117],{"class":116},[63,46605,126],{"class":81},[63,46607,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46609,140],{"class":139},[63,46611,113],{"class":81},[63,46613,2807],{"class":145},[63,46615,126],{"class":81},[63,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46619,140],{"class":139},[63,46621,113],{"class":81},[63,46623,3557],{"class":77},[63,46625,113],{"class":81},[63,46627,2807],{"class":145},[63,46629,100],{"class":81},[63,46631,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,46633,140],{"class":139},[63,46635,113],{"class":81},[63,46637,42069],{"class":139},[63,46639,113],{"class":81},[63,46641,2807],{"class":145},[63,46643,100],{"class":81},[45208,46645],{},[49,46647,2165],{"id":2164},[486,46649,13011,46651,46653],{"id":46650},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,46652,3294],{}," return an integer?",[14,46655,46656,46657,46659,46660,40219],{},"No. ",[18,46658,3294],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,46661,3215],{},[486,46663,46665,46666,2827],{"id":46664},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,46667,3294],{},[14,46669,46670,46671,46673],{},"No. You can call ",[18,46672,3294],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[486,46675,5485,46677,46680,46681,2827],{"id":46676},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,46678,46679],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,46682,3294],{},[14,46684,29352,46685,46687,46688,42445,46690,46692],{},[18,46686,3294],{}," returns strings. ",[18,46689,45998],{},[18,46691,46002],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[486,46694,46696],{"id":46695},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46698,222,46699,46701,46702,259],{},[18,46700,46262],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,46703,46704],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45208,46706],{},[49,46708,2219],{"id":2218},[29,46710,46711,46716,46720,46726,46732,46736],{},[32,46712,46713],{},[196,46714,46715],{"href":46483},"How to get user input in Python",[32,46717,46718],{},[196,46719,9375],{"href":9297},[32,46721,46722],{},[196,46723,3912,46724,3845],{"href":3212},[18,46725,3215],{},[32,46727,46728],{},[196,46729,3912,46730,3845],{"href":3218},[18,46731,3221],{},[32,46733,46734],{},[196,46735,46209],{"href":46208},[32,46737,46738],{},[196,46739,3912,46741,3845],{"href":46740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,46742,46743],{},"print()",[2259,46745,46746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":46748},[46749,46750,46752,46753,46755,46761,46769,46770,46771,46780],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":45212,"depth":103,"text":46751},"What input() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":45441,"depth":103,"text":46754},"What input() returns",{"id":45644,"depth":103,"text":45645,"children":46756},[46757,46758,46760],{"id":45648,"depth":129,"text":45649},{"id":45701,"depth":129,"text":46759},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45772,"depth":129,"text":45773},{"id":46007,"depth":103,"text":46008,"children":46762},[46763,46765,46766,46768],{"id":46016,"depth":129,"text":46764},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46084,"depth":129,"text":46085},{"id":46159,"depth":129,"text":46767},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46212,"depth":129,"text":46213},{"id":46304,"depth":103,"text":46305},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":46772},[46773,46775,46777,46779],{"id":46650,"depth":129,"text":46774},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46664,"depth":129,"text":46776},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46676,"depth":129,"text":46778},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46695,"depth":129,"text":46696},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42484,"description":46781},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46788,"title":42386,"body":46789,"description":49102,"extension":2300,"meta":49103,"navigation":132,"path":49104,"seo":49105,"stem":49106,"__hash__":49107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46790,"toc":49054},[46791,46796,46801,46806,46827,46830,46832,46892,46894,46913,46918,46923,46928,46930,46943,46945,47028,47030,47071,47077,47079,47109,47115,47118,47135,47137,47189,47191,47209,47215,47221,47224,47242,47244,47317,47319,47338,47345,47351,47356,47359,47419,47421,47440,47443,47446,47461,47467,47471,47532,47534,47555,47559,47688,47690,47820,47830,47836,47842,47850,47916,47918,47943,47946,47963,47976,47982,47985,48018,48020,48033,48036,48079,48081,48089,48096,48100,48107,48111,48138,48140,48148,48154,48171,48176,48180,48207,48209,48217,48221,48226,48229,48255,48258,48267,48275,48279,48289,48293,48296,48298,48349,48351,48381,48391,48418,48420,48428,48438,48442,48445,48447,48495,48497,48541,48547,48598,48600,48619,48624,48629,48632,48651,48654,48706,48708,48717,48719,48723,48727,48730,48739,48746,48748,48775,48779,48781,48790,48793,48800,48806,48866,48870,48872,48880,48883,48909,48915,48918,48938,48940,48949,48957,48959,48965,48970,48977,48987,48993,49001,49005,49008,49010,49051],[10,46792,3912,46794,3916],{"id":46793},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46795,3215],{},[14,46797,32609,46798,46800],{},[18,46799,3215],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46802,35700,46803,46805],{},[18,46804,3215],{}," when they want to:",[29,46807,46808,46818,46821,46824],{},[32,46809,46810,46811,46814,46815],{},"turn text like ",[18,46812,46813],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46816,46817],{},"42",[32,46819,46820],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[32,46822,46823],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[32,46825,46826],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46828,46829],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[49,46831,52],{"id":51},[54,46833,46835],{"className":56,"code":46834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46836,46837,46855,46869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46838,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46840,140],{"class":139},[63,46842,113],{"class":81},[63,46844,1039],{"class":77},[63,46846,113],{"class":81},[63,46848,117],{"class":116},[63,46850,46817],{"class":120},[63,46852,117],{"class":116},[63,46854,100],{"class":81},[63,46856,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46858,140],{"class":139},[63,46860,113],{"class":81},[63,46862,1039],{"class":77},[63,46864,113],{"class":81},[63,46866,42274],{"class":85},[63,46868,100],{"class":81},[63,46870,46871,46873,46875,46877,46879,46881,46884,46886,46888,46890],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46872,140],{"class":139},[63,46874,113],{"class":81},[63,46876,1039],{"class":77},[63,46878,113],{"class":81},[63,46880,117],{"class":116},[63,46882,46883],{"class":120},"101",[63,46885,117],{"class":116},[63,46887,89],{"class":81},[63,46889,92],{"class":85},[63,46891,100],{"class":81},[14,46893,163],{},[54,46895,46897],{"className":56,"code":46896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46898,46899,46904,46909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46900,46901],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46902,46903],{"class":85},"42\n",[63,46905,46906],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46907,46908],{"class":85},"3\n",[63,46910,46911],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46912,3283],{"class":85},[14,46914,222,46915,46917],{},[18,46916,3215],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[49,46919,4014,46921,4017],{"id":46920},"what-int-does",[18,46922,3215],{},[14,46924,46925,46927],{},[18,46926,3215],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46929,13357],{},[29,46931,46932,46937,46940],{},[32,46933,46934,46935,7660],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46936,1039],{},[32,46938,46939],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[32,46941,46942],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46944,2543],{},[54,46946,46948],{"className":56,"code":46947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46949,46950,46962,46976,46980,46990,47000,47014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,46951,46952,46954,46956,46958,46960],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,46953,34981],{"class":69},[63,46955,74],{"class":73},[63,46957,824],{"class":116},[63,46959,9509],{"class":120},[63,46961,3694],{"class":116},[63,46963,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,46965,2553],{"class":69},[63,46967,74],{"class":73},[63,46969,45568],{"class":77},[63,46971,113],{"class":81},[63,46973,35002],{"class":145},[63,46975,126],{"class":81},[63,46977,46978],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,46979,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,46983,140],{"class":139},[63,46985,113],{"class":81},[63,46987,35002],{"class":145},[63,46989,126],{"class":81},[63,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,46993,140],{"class":139},[63,46995,113],{"class":81},[63,46997,2575],{"class":145},[63,46999,126],{"class":81},[63,47001,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,47003,140],{"class":139},[63,47005,113],{"class":81},[63,47007,3557],{"class":77},[63,47009,113],{"class":81},[63,47011,35002],{"class":145},[63,47013,100],{"class":81},[63,47015,47016,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,47017,140],{"class":139},[63,47019,113],{"class":81},[63,47021,3557],{"class":77},[63,47023,113],{"class":81},[63,47025,2575],{"class":145},[63,47027,100],{"class":81},[14,47029,163],{},[54,47031,47033],{"className":56,"code":47032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,47034,47035,47039,47043,47057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47036,47037],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47038,3045],{"class":85},[63,47040,47041],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47042,3045],{"class":85},[63,47044,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47046,3626],{"class":73},[63,47048,3629],{"class":2402},[63,47050,203],{"class":116},[63,47052,3779],{"class":120},[63,47054,193],{"class":116},[63,47056,3638],{"class":73},[63,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,47060,3626],{"class":73},[63,47062,3629],{"class":2402},[63,47064,203],{"class":116},[63,47066,1039],{"class":120},[63,47068,193],{"class":116},[63,47070,3638],{"class":73},[14,47072,47073,47074,47076],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,47075,3215],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[49,47078,263],{"id":262},[54,47080,47082],{"className":56,"code":47081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,47083,47084,47094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47085,47086,47088,47090,47092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47087,1039],{"class":77},[63,47089,113],{"class":81},[63,47091,2509],{"class":145},[63,47093,126],{"class":81},[63,47095,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47107],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47097,1039],{"class":77},[63,47099,113],{"class":81},[63,47101,2509],{"class":145},[63,47103,89],{"class":81},[63,47105,47106],{"class":145}," base",[63,47108,126],{"class":81},[486,47110,47112],{"id":47111},"intx",[18,47113,47114],{},"int(x)",[14,47116,47117],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[29,47119,47120,47125,47130],{},[32,47121,47122,47123],{},"a string such as ",[18,47124,42416],{},[32,47126,47127,47128],{},"a float such as ",[18,47129,42274],{},[32,47131,47132,47133],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,47134,3941],{},[14,47136,2543],{},[54,47138,47140],{"className":56,"code":47139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,47141,47142,47160,47175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47143,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47145,140],{"class":139},[63,47147,113],{"class":81},[63,47149,1039],{"class":77},[63,47151,113],{"class":81},[63,47153,117],{"class":116},[63,47155,741],{"class":120},[63,47157,117],{"class":116},[63,47159,100],{"class":81},[63,47161,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47163,140],{"class":139},[63,47165,113],{"class":81},[63,47167,1039],{"class":77},[63,47169,113],{"class":81},[63,47171,47172],{"class":85},"8.7",[63,47174,100],{"class":81},[63,47176,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47178,140],{"class":139},[63,47180,113],{"class":81},[63,47182,1039],{"class":77},[63,47184,113],{"class":81},[63,47186,3941],{"class":1205},[63,47188,100],{"class":81},[14,47190,163],{},[54,47192,47194],{"className":56,"code":47193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,47195,47196,47200,47204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47197,47198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47199,2711],{"class":85},[63,47201,47202],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47203,2716],{"class":85},[63,47205,47206],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47207,47208],{"class":85},"1\n",[486,47210,47212],{"id":47211},"intx-base",[18,47213,47214],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47216,47217,47218,47220],{},"Use this form when ",[18,47219,2509],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47222,47223],{},"Common bases:",[29,47225,47226,47231,47236],{},[32,47227,47228,47230],{},[18,47229,2394],{}," for binary",[32,47232,47233,47235],{},[18,47234,2680],{}," for octal",[32,47237,47238,47241],{},[18,47239,47240],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47243,2543],{},[54,47245,47247],{"className":56,"code":47246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47248,47249,47271,47294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47250,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47252,140],{"class":139},[63,47254,113],{"class":81},[63,47256,1039],{"class":77},[63,47258,113],{"class":81},[63,47260,117],{"class":116},[63,47262,46883],{"class":120},[63,47264,117],{"class":116},[63,47266,89],{"class":81},[63,47268,92],{"class":85},[63,47270,100],{"class":81},[63,47272,47273,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47286,47288,47290,47292],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47274,140],{"class":139},[63,47276,113],{"class":81},[63,47278,1039],{"class":77},[63,47280,113],{"class":81},[63,47282,117],{"class":116},[63,47284,47285],{"class":120},"17",[63,47287,117],{"class":116},[63,47289,89],{"class":81},[63,47291,6679],{"class":85},[63,47293,100],{"class":81},[63,47295,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47309,47311,47313,47315],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47297,140],{"class":139},[63,47299,113],{"class":81},[63,47301,1039],{"class":77},[63,47303,113],{"class":81},[63,47305,117],{"class":116},[63,47307,47308],{"class":120},"1A",[63,47310,117],{"class":116},[63,47312,89],{"class":81},[63,47314,14286],{"class":85},[63,47316,100],{"class":81},[14,47318,163],{},[54,47320,47322],{"className":56,"code":47321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,47323,47324,47328,47333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47325,47326],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47327,3283],{"class":85},[63,47329,47330],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47331,47332],{"class":85},"15\n",[63,47334,47335],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47336,47337],{"class":85},"26\n",[14,47339,47340,47341,259],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[196,47342,47343,2638],{"href":3218},[18,47344,3221],{},[49,47346,8733,47348,47350],{"id":47347},"using-int-with-strings",[18,47349,3215],{}," with strings",[14,47352,47353,47355],{},[18,47354,3215],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47357,47358],{},"Examples that work:",[54,47360,47362],{"className":56,"code":47361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,47363,47364,47382,47400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47365,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378,47380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47367,140],{"class":139},[63,47369,113],{"class":81},[63,47371,1039],{"class":77},[63,47373,113],{"class":81},[63,47375,117],{"class":116},[63,47377,661],{"class":120},[63,47379,117],{"class":116},[63,47381,100],{"class":81},[63,47383,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47385,140],{"class":139},[63,47387,113],{"class":81},[63,47389,1039],{"class":77},[63,47391,113],{"class":81},[63,47393,117],{"class":116},[63,47395,2627],{"class":120},[63,47397,117],{"class":116},[63,47399,100],{"class":81},[63,47401,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47415,47417],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47403,140],{"class":139},[63,47405,113],{"class":81},[63,47407,1039],{"class":77},[63,47409,113],{"class":81},[63,47411,117],{"class":116},[63,47413,47414],{"class":120},"  42  ",[63,47416,117],{"class":116},[63,47418,100],{"class":81},[14,47420,163],{},[54,47422,47424],{"className":56,"code":47423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,47425,47426,47430,47436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47427,47428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47429,3283],{"class":85},[63,47431,47432,47434],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47433,2359],{"class":73},[63,47435,2561],{"class":85},[63,47437,47438],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47439,46903],{"class":85},[14,47441,47442],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47444,47445],{},"Examples that fail:",[54,47447,47449],{"className":56,"code":47448,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,47450,47451,47456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47452,47453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47454,47455],{"class":1910},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[63,47457,47458],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47459,47460],{"class":1910},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47462,47463,47464,47466],{},"These raise ",[18,47465,40994],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[486,47468,47470],{"id":47469},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[54,47472,47474],{"className":56,"code":47473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,47475,47476,47494,47513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47477,47478,47480,47482,47484,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47479,140],{"class":139},[63,47481,113],{"class":81},[63,47483,1039],{"class":77},[63,47485,113],{"class":81},[63,47487,117],{"class":116},[63,47489,687],{"class":120},[63,47491,117],{"class":116},[63,47493,100],{"class":81},[63,47495,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506,47509,47511],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47497,140],{"class":139},[63,47499,113],{"class":81},[63,47501,1039],{"class":77},[63,47503,113],{"class":81},[63,47505,117],{"class":116},[63,47507,47508],{"class":120},"+7",[63,47510,117],{"class":116},[63,47512,100],{"class":81},[63,47514,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47528,47530],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47516,140],{"class":139},[63,47518,113],{"class":81},[63,47520,1039],{"class":77},[63,47522,113],{"class":81},[63,47524,117],{"class":116},[63,47526,47527],{"class":120},"-100",[63,47529,117],{"class":116},[63,47531,100],{"class":81},[14,47533,163],{},[54,47535,47537],{"className":56,"code":47536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,47538,47539,47544,47548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47540,47541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47542,47543],{"class":85},"0\n",[63,47545,47546],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47547,2417],{"class":85},[63,47549,47550,47552],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47551,2359],{"class":73},[63,47553,47554],{"class":85},"100\n",[486,47556,47558],{"id":47557},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[54,47560,47562],{"className":56,"code":47561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,47563,47564,47602,47606,47618,47625,47640,47655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47565,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580,47582,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47598,47600],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47567,731],{"class":69},[63,47569,74],{"class":73},[63,47571,1091],{"class":81},[63,47573,117],{"class":116},[63,47575,40433],{"class":120},[63,47577,117],{"class":116},[63,47579,89],{"class":81},[63,47581,824],{"class":116},[63,47583,47584],{"class":120},"12abc",[63,47586,117],{"class":116},[63,47588,89],{"class":81},[63,47590,6446],{"class":116},[63,47592,89],{"class":81},[63,47594,824],{"class":116},[63,47596,47597],{"class":120},"seven",[63,47599,117],{"class":116},[63,47601,186],{"class":81},[63,47603,47604],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47605,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,47607,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47609,6277],{"class":1155},[63,47611,21879],{"class":69},[63,47613,4217],{"class":1155},[63,47615,4220],{"class":69},[63,47617,6713],{"class":81},[63,47619,47620,47623],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,47621,47622],{"class":1155},"    try",[63,47624,6713],{"class":81},[63,47626,47627,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,47628,47629],{"class":139},"        print",[63,47631,113],{"class":81},[63,47633,1039],{"class":77},[63,47635,113],{"class":81},[63,47637,2807],{"class":145},[63,47639,100],{"class":81},[63,47641,47642,47645,47647,47650,47653],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,47643,47644],{"class":1155},"    except",[63,47646,42216],{"class":77},[63,47648,47649],{"class":1155}," as",[63,47651,47652],{"class":69}," error",[63,47654,6713],{"class":81},[63,47656,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47672,47674,47677,47679,47682,47684,47686],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,47658,47629],{"class":139},[63,47660,113],{"class":81},[63,47662,22587],{"class":2402},[63,47664,117],{"class":120},[63,47666,9588],{"class":85},[63,47668,2807],{"class":145},[63,47670,47671],{"class":2402},"!r",[63,47673,22596],{"class":85},[63,47675,47676],{"class":120}," -> ",[63,47678,9588],{"class":85},[63,47680,47681],{"class":145},"error",[63,47683,22596],{"class":85},[63,47685,117],{"class":120},[63,47687,126],{"class":81},[14,47689,163],{},[54,47691,47693],{"className":56,"code":47692,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,47694,47695,47731,47763,47788],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47696,47697,47699,47701,47703,47706,47709,47711,47713,47715,47718,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47698,193],{"class":43619},[63,47700,40433],{"class":43623},[63,47702,193],{"class":43619},[63,47704,47705],{"class":37657}," ->",[63,47707,47708],{"class":69}," invalid literal ",[63,47710,6277],{"class":1155},[63,47712,45568],{"class":77},[63,47714,7686],{"class":81},[63,47716,47717],{"class":1155}," with",[63,47719,47720],{"class":69}," base ",[63,47722,741],{"class":85},[63,47724,821],{"class":81},[63,47726,203],{"class":116},[63,47728,40433],{"class":120},[63,47730,29991],{"class":116},[63,47732,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47734,193],{"class":116},[63,47736,47584],{"class":120},[63,47738,193],{"class":116},[63,47740,47705],{"class":37657},[63,47742,47708],{"class":69},[63,47744,6277],{"class":1155},[63,47746,45568],{"class":77},[63,47748,7686],{"class":81},[63,47750,47717],{"class":1155},[63,47752,47720],{"class":69},[63,47754,741],{"class":85},[63,47756,821],{"class":81},[63,47758,203],{"class":116},[63,47760,47584],{"class":120},[63,47762,29991],{"class":116},[63,47764,47765,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47766,4110],{"class":116},[63,47768,47705],{"class":37657},[63,47770,47708],{"class":69},[63,47772,6277],{"class":1155},[63,47774,45568],{"class":77},[63,47776,7686],{"class":81},[63,47778,47717],{"class":1155},[63,47780,47720],{"class":69},[63,47782,741],{"class":85},[63,47784,821],{"class":81},[63,47786,47787],{"class":116}," ''\n",[63,47789,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798,47800,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,47791,193],{"class":116},[63,47793,47597],{"class":120},[63,47795,193],{"class":116},[63,47797,47705],{"class":37657},[63,47799,47708],{"class":69},[63,47801,6277],{"class":1155},[63,47803,45568],{"class":77},[63,47805,7686],{"class":81},[63,47807,47717],{"class":1155},[63,47809,47720],{"class":69},[63,47811,741],{"class":85},[63,47813,821],{"class":81},[63,47815,203],{"class":116},[63,47817,47597],{"class":120},[63,47819,29991],{"class":116},[14,47821,47822,47823,47825,47826,259],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[196,47824,9298],{"href":9297}," and the ",[196,47827,47828,2638],{"href":8534},[18,47829,3294],{},[49,47831,8733,47833,47835],{"id":47832},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47834,3215],{}," with floats",[14,47837,47838,47839,47841],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47840,3215],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47843,47844,47845,14352,47847,47849],{},"Important: ",[18,47846,3215],{},[1217,47848,4961],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[54,47851,47853],{"className":56,"code":47852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47854,47855,47869,47884,47900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47856,47857,47859,47861,47863,47865,47867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47858,140],{"class":139},[63,47860,113],{"class":81},[63,47862,1039],{"class":77},[63,47864,113],{"class":81},[63,47866,42274],{"class":85},[63,47868,100],{"class":81},[63,47870,47871,47873,47875,47877,47879,47882],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47872,140],{"class":139},[63,47874,113],{"class":81},[63,47876,1039],{"class":77},[63,47878,113],{"class":81},[63,47880,47881],{"class":85},"3.1",[63,47883,100],{"class":81},[63,47885,47886,47888,47890,47892,47894,47896,47898],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47887,140],{"class":139},[63,47889,113],{"class":81},[63,47891,1039],{"class":77},[63,47893,113],{"class":81},[63,47895,2359],{"class":73},[63,47897,42274],{"class":85},[63,47899,100],{"class":81},[63,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,47903,140],{"class":139},[63,47905,113],{"class":81},[63,47907,1039],{"class":77},[63,47909,113],{"class":81},[63,47911,2359],{"class":73},[63,47913,47881],{"class":85},[63,47915,100],{"class":81},[14,47917,163],{},[54,47919,47921],{"className":56,"code":47920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47922,47923,47927,47931,47937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47924,47925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47926,46908],{"class":85},[63,47928,47929],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,47930,46908],{"class":85},[63,47932,47933,47935],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,47934,2359],{"class":73},[63,47936,46908],{"class":85},[63,47938,47939,47941],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,47940,2359],{"class":73},[63,47942,46908],{"class":85},[14,47944,47945],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[29,47947,47948,47955],{},[32,47949,47950,42445,47953],{},[18,47951,47952],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47954,1248],{},[32,47956,47957,42445,47960],{},[18,47958,47959],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47961,47962],{},"-3",[14,47964,47965,47966,47970,47971,259],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[196,47967,47968],{"href":3218},[18,47969,3221],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[196,47972,47973],{"href":42465},[18,47974,47975],{},"str()",[49,47977,8733,47979,47981],{"id":47978},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47980,3215],{}," with booleans",[14,47983,47984],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[54,47986,47988],{"className":56,"code":47987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47989,47990,48004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,47991,47992,47994,47996,47998,48000,48002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,47993,140],{"class":139},[63,47995,113],{"class":81},[63,47997,1039],{"class":77},[63,47999,113],{"class":81},[63,48001,3941],{"class":1205},[63,48003,100],{"class":81},[63,48005,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48007,140],{"class":139},[63,48009,113],{"class":81},[63,48011,1039],{"class":77},[63,48013,113],{"class":81},[63,48015,4010],{"class":1205},[63,48017,100],{"class":81},[14,48019,163],{},[54,48021,48023],{"className":56,"code":48022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n0\n",[18,48024,48025,48029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48026,48027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48028,47208],{"class":85},[63,48030,48031],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48032,47543],{"class":85},[14,48034,48035],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[54,48037,48039],{"className":56,"code":48038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,48040,48041,48050,48065,48069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48042,48043,48046,48048],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48044,48045],{"class":69},"passed ",[63,48047,74],{"class":73},[63,48049,6742],{"class":1205},[63,48051,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48063],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48053,41473],{"class":69},[63,48055,74],{"class":73},[63,48057,45568],{"class":77},[63,48059,113],{"class":81},[63,48061,48062],{"class":145},"passed",[63,48064,126],{"class":81},[63,48066,48067],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48068,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,48070,48071,48073,48075,48077],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48072,140],{"class":139},[63,48074,113],{"class":81},[63,48076,41502],{"class":145},[63,48078,126],{"class":81},[14,48080,163],{},[54,48082,48083],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48084,48085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48086,48087],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48088,47208],{"class":85},[14,48090,48091,48092,259],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[196,48093,48094,2638],{"href":6099},[18,48095,4149],{},[49,48097,48099],{"id":48098},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,48101,48102,48103,48106],{},"Use the ",[18,48104,48105],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[486,48108,48110],{"id":48109},"binary-example","Binary example",[54,48112,48114],{"className":56,"code":48113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,48115,48116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48117,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48119,140],{"class":139},[63,48121,113],{"class":81},[63,48123,1039],{"class":77},[63,48125,113],{"class":81},[63,48127,117],{"class":116},[63,48129,46883],{"class":120},[63,48131,117],{"class":116},[63,48133,89],{"class":81},[63,48135,92],{"class":85},[63,48137,100],{"class":81},[14,48139,163],{},[54,48141,48142],{"className":56,"code":3283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48143,48144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48145,48146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48147,3283],{"class":85},[14,48149,48150,48153],{},[18,48151,48152],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[29,48155,48156,48161,48166],{},[32,48157,48158],{},[18,48159,48160],{},"1 × 4",[32,48162,48163],{},[18,48164,48165],{},"0 × 2",[32,48167,48168],{},[18,48169,48170],{},"1 × 1",[14,48172,48173,48174,259],{},"So the result is ",[18,48175,661],{},[486,48177,48179],{"id":48178},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[54,48181,48183],{"className":56,"code":48182,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,48184,48185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48186,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48188,140],{"class":139},[63,48190,113],{"class":81},[63,48192,1039],{"class":77},[63,48194,113],{"class":81},[63,48196,117],{"class":116},[63,48198,47308],{"class":120},[63,48200,117],{"class":116},[63,48202,89],{"class":81},[63,48204,14286],{"class":85},[63,48206,100],{"class":81},[14,48208,163],{},[54,48210,48211],{"className":56,"code":47337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48212,48213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48214,48215],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48216,47337],{"class":85},[486,48218,48220],{"id":48219},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48222,2317,48223,48225],{},[18,48224,48105],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48227,48228],{},"Good:",[54,48230,48231],{"className":56,"code":48113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48232,48233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48234,48235,48237,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48236,140],{"class":139},[63,48238,113],{"class":81},[63,48240,1039],{"class":77},[63,48242,113],{"class":81},[63,48244,117],{"class":116},[63,48246,46883],{"class":120},[63,48248,117],{"class":116},[63,48250,89],{"class":81},[63,48252,92],{"class":85},[63,48254,100],{"class":81},[14,48256,48257],{},"Not correct:",[54,48259,48261],{"className":56,"code":48260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,48262,48263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48264,48265],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48266,48260],{"class":1910},[14,48268,48269,48270,8918,48272,48274],{},"That causes a ",[18,48271,1032],{},[18,48273,48105],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[49,48276,48278],{"id":48277},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48280,48281,48282,48284,48285,4726,48287,259],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,48283,3215],{}," are ",[18,48286,40994],{},[18,48288,1032],{},[486,48290,48291],{"id":41804},[18,48292,40994],{},[14,48294,48295],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48297,2543],{},[54,48299,48301],{"className":56,"code":48300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48302,48303,48309,48327,48339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48304,48305,48307],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48306,30095],{"class":1155},[63,48308,6713],{"class":81},[63,48310,48311,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321,48323,48325],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48312,8386],{"class":139},[63,48314,113],{"class":81},[63,48316,1039],{"class":77},[63,48318,113],{"class":81},[63,48320,117],{"class":116},[63,48322,40433],{"class":120},[63,48324,117],{"class":116},[63,48326,100],{"class":81},[63,48328,48329,48331,48333,48335,48337],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48330,30126],{"class":1155},[63,48332,42216],{"class":77},[63,48334,47649],{"class":1155},[63,48336,47652],{"class":69},[63,48338,6713],{"class":81},[63,48340,48341,48343,48345,48347],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48342,8386],{"class":139},[63,48344,113],{"class":81},[63,48346,47681],{"class":145},[63,48348,126],{"class":81},[14,48350,163],{},[54,48352,48354],{"className":56,"code":48353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,48355,48356],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48357,48358,48361,48363,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48359,48360],{"class":69},"invalid literal ",[63,48362,6277],{"class":1155},[63,48364,45568],{"class":77},[63,48366,7686],{"class":81},[63,48368,47717],{"class":1155},[63,48370,47720],{"class":69},[63,48372,741],{"class":85},[63,48374,821],{"class":81},[63,48376,203],{"class":116},[63,48378,40433],{"class":120},[63,48380,29991],{"class":116},[14,48382,48383,48384,48387,48388,48390],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,48385,48386],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,48389,3215],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[54,48392,48394],{"className":56,"code":48393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,48395,48396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48397,48398,48400,48402,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412,48414,48416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48399,140],{"class":139},[63,48401,113],{"class":81},[63,48403,1039],{"class":77},[63,48405,113],{"class":81},[63,48407,2527],{"class":77},[63,48409,113],{"class":81},[63,48411,117],{"class":116},[63,48413,40433],{"class":120},[63,48415,117],{"class":116},[63,48417,1965],{"class":81},[14,48419,163],{},[54,48421,48422],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48423,48424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48425,48426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48427,46908],{"class":85},[14,48429,48430,48431,4726,48434,259],{},"If you see this often, read ",[196,48432,48433],{"href":3298},"how to convert string to int in Python",[196,48435,25970,48436],{"href":46208},[18,48437,46209],{},[486,48439,48440],{"id":41869},[18,48441,1032],{},[14,48443,48444],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48446,2543],{},[54,48448,48450],{"className":56,"code":48449,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48451,48452,48458,48472,48485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48453,48454,48456],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48455,30095],{"class":1155},[63,48457,6713],{"class":81},[63,48459,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468,48470],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48461,8386],{"class":139},[63,48463,113],{"class":81},[63,48465,1039],{"class":77},[63,48467,113],{"class":81},[63,48469,4115],{"class":1205},[63,48471,100],{"class":81},[63,48473,48474,48476,48479,48481,48483],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48475,30126],{"class":1155},[63,48477,48478],{"class":77}," TypeError",[63,48480,47649],{"class":1155},[63,48482,47652],{"class":69},[63,48484,6713],{"class":81},[63,48486,48487,48489,48491,48493],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48488,8386],{"class":139},[63,48490,113],{"class":81},[63,48492,47681],{"class":145},[63,48494,126],{"class":81},[14,48496,163],{},[54,48498,48500],{"className":56,"code":48499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,48501,48502],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48503,48504,48506,48508,48511,48513,48515,48518,48520,48523,48525,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48505,1039],{"class":77},[63,48507,7686],{"class":81},[63,48509,48510],{"class":69}," argument must be a string",[63,48512,89],{"class":81},[63,48514,44836],{"class":69},[63,48516,48517],{"class":77},"bytes",[63,48519,2359],{"class":73},[63,48521,48522],{"class":69},"like ",[63,48524,42689],{"class":77},[63,48526,48527],{"class":73}," or",[63,48529,41130],{"class":69},[63,48531,89],{"class":81},[63,48533,1050],{"class":73},[63,48535,203],{"class":116},[63,48537,48538],{"class":120},"NoneType",[63,48540,29991],{"class":116},[14,48542,48543,48544,48546],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,48545,48105],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[54,48548,48550],{"className":56,"code":48549,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48551,48552,48558,48576,48588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48553,48554,48556],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48555,30095],{"class":1155},[63,48557,6713],{"class":81},[63,48559,48560,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570,48572,48574],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48561,8386],{"class":139},[63,48563,113],{"class":81},[63,48565,1039],{"class":77},[63,48567,113],{"class":81},[63,48569,46883],{"class":85},[63,48571,89],{"class":81},[63,48573,92],{"class":85},[63,48575,100],{"class":81},[63,48577,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48579,30126],{"class":1155},[63,48581,48478],{"class":77},[63,48583,47649],{"class":1155},[63,48585,47652],{"class":69},[63,48587,6713],{"class":81},[63,48589,48590,48592,48594,48596],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48591,8386],{"class":139},[63,48593,113],{"class":81},[63,48595,47681],{"class":145},[63,48597,126],{"class":81},[14,48599,163],{},[54,48601,48603],{"className":56,"code":48602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48604,48605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48606,48607,48609,48611,48614,48616],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48608,1039],{"class":77},[63,48610,7686],{"class":81},[63,48612,48613],{"class":69}," can",[63,48615,193],{"class":116},[63,48617,48618],{"class":120},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[49,48620,5292,48622],{"id":48621},"when-to-use-int",[18,48623,3215],{},[14,48625,222,48626,48628],{},[18,48627,3215],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48630,48631],{},"Common uses:",[29,48633,48634,48640,48643,48646],{},[32,48635,48636,48637,48639],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,48638,3294],{}," into integers",[32,48641,48642],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[32,48644,48645],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[32,48647,48648,48649,36906],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,48650,48105],{},[14,48652,48653],{},"Example with user input:",[54,48655,48657],{"className":56,"code":48656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,48658,48659,48673,48688,48692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48660,48661,48664,48666,48668,48671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48662,48663],{"class":69},"age_text ",[63,48665,74],{"class":73},[63,48667,824],{"class":116},[63,48669,48670],{"class":120},"18",[63,48672,3694],{"class":116},[63,48674,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48686],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48676,21923],{"class":69},[63,48678,74],{"class":73},[63,48680,45568],{"class":77},[63,48682,113],{"class":81},[63,48684,48685],{"class":145},"age_text",[63,48687,126],{"class":81},[63,48689,48690],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48691,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,48693,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48695,140],{"class":139},[63,48697,113],{"class":81},[63,48699,21923],{"class":145},[63,48701,2397],{"class":73},[63,48703,692],{"class":85},[63,48705,126],{"class":81},[14,48707,163],{},[54,48709,48711],{"className":56,"code":48710,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19\n",[18,48712,48713],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48714,48715],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48716,48710],{"class":85},[49,48718,3167],{"id":3166},[14,48720,15029,48721,259],{},[18,48722,3215],{},[486,48724,48726],{"id":48725},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48728,48729],{},"This fails:",[54,48731,48733],{"className":56,"code":48732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,48734,48735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48736,48737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48738,48732],{"class":1910},[14,48740,48741,48742,48745],{},"Why: ",[18,48743,48744],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48747,19136],{},[54,48749,48751],{"className":56,"code":48750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,48752,48753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48754,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771,48773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48756,140],{"class":139},[63,48758,113],{"class":81},[63,48760,1039],{"class":77},[63,48762,113],{"class":81},[63,48764,2527],{"class":77},[63,48766,113],{"class":81},[63,48768,117],{"class":116},[63,48770,41414],{"class":120},[63,48772,117],{"class":116},[63,48774,1965],{"class":81},[486,48776,48778],{"id":48777},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48780,48729],{},[54,48782,48784],{"className":56,"code":48783,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48785,48786],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48787,48788],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48789,48783],{"class":1910},[14,48791,48792],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[486,48794,48796,48797],{"id":48795},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48798,48799],{},"int(None)",[14,48801,48802,48803,48805],{},"This fails because ",[18,48804,4115],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[54,48807,48809],{"className":56,"code":48808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48810,48811,48820,48824,48830,48844,48856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48812,48813,48815,48817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48814,2782],{"class":69},[63,48816,74],{"class":73},[63,48818,48819],{"class":1205}," None\n",[63,48821,48822],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,48823,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,48825,48826,48828],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,48827,30095],{"class":1155},[63,48829,6713],{"class":81},[63,48831,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,48833,8386],{"class":139},[63,48835,113],{"class":81},[63,48837,1039],{"class":77},[63,48839,113],{"class":81},[63,48841,2807],{"class":145},[63,48843,100],{"class":81},[63,48845,48846,48848,48850,48852,48854],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,48847,30126],{"class":1155},[63,48849,48478],{"class":77},[63,48851,47649],{"class":1155},[63,48853,47652],{"class":69},[63,48855,6713],{"class":81},[63,48857,48858,48860,48862,48864],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,48859,8386],{"class":139},[63,48861,113],{"class":81},[63,48863,47681],{"class":145},[63,48865,126],{"class":81},[486,48867,48869],{"id":48868},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48871,48729],{},[54,48873,48874],{"className":56,"code":48260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48875,48876],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48877,48878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48879,48260],{"class":1910},[14,48881,48882],{},"Use a string instead:",[54,48884,48885],{"className":56,"code":48113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,48886,48887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48888,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903,48905,48907],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48890,140],{"class":139},[63,48892,113],{"class":81},[63,48894,1039],{"class":77},[63,48896,113],{"class":81},[63,48898,117],{"class":116},[63,48900,46883],{"class":120},[63,48902,117],{"class":116},[63,48904,89],{"class":81},[63,48906,92],{"class":85},[63,48908,100],{"class":81},[486,48910,8769,48912,48914],{"id":48911},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48913,3215],{}," to round",[14,48916,48917],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[54,48919,48921],{"className":56,"code":48920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48922,48923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48924,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48936],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48926,140],{"class":139},[63,48928,113],{"class":81},[63,48930,1039],{"class":77},[63,48932,113],{"class":81},[63,48934,48935],{"class":85},"4.9",[63,48937,100],{"class":81},[14,48939,163],{},[54,48941,48943],{"className":56,"code":48942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4\n",[18,48944,48945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,48946,48947],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,48948,48942],{"class":85},[14,48950,3504,48951,48953,48954,48956],{},[18,48952,661],{},", remember that ",[18,48955,3215],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[49,48958,2165],{"id":2164},[486,48960,13011,48962,48964],{"id":48961},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48963,3215],{}," round numbers?",[14,48966,46656,48967,48969],{},[18,48968,3215],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[486,48971,5485,48973,48976],{"id":48972},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48974,48975],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48978,29352,48979,48981,48982,48984,48985,40219],{},[18,48980,48386],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48983,3221],{}," first, then use ",[18,48986,3215],{},[486,48988,5469,48990,13023],{"id":48989},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48991,48992],{},"int(True)",[14,48994,5475,48995,28604,48997,42445,48999,259],{},[18,48996,86],{},[18,48998,4010],{},[18,49000,687],{},[486,49002,49004],{"id":49003},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,49006,49007],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[49,49009,2219],{"id":2218},[29,49011,49012,49018,49024,49030,49035,49039,49045],{},[32,49013,49014],{},[196,49015,49016,3845],{"href":3218},[18,49017,3221],{},[32,49019,49020],{},[196,49021,49022,3845],{"href":42465},[18,49023,47975],{},[32,49025,49026],{},[196,49027,49028,3845],{"href":6099},[18,49029,4149],{},[32,49031,49032],{},[196,49033,49034],{"href":3298},"How to convert string to int in Python",[32,49036,49037],{},[196,49038,9375],{"href":9297},[32,49040,49041],{},[196,49042,49043,3845],{"href":8534},[18,49044,3294],{},[32,49046,49047],{},[196,49048,30639,49049],{"href":46208},[18,49050,46209],{},[2259,49052,49053],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":49055},[49056,49057,49059,49063,49068,49070,49072,49077,49081,49083,49092,49101],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":46920,"depth":103,"text":49058},"What int() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":49060},[49061,49062],{"id":47111,"depth":129,"text":47114},{"id":47211,"depth":129,"text":47214},{"id":47347,"depth":103,"text":49064,"children":49065},"Using int() with strings",[49066,49067],{"id":47469,"depth":129,"text":47470},{"id":47557,"depth":129,"text":47558},{"id":47832,"depth":103,"text":49069},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47978,"depth":103,"text":49071},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48098,"depth":103,"text":48099,"children":49073},[49074,49075,49076],{"id":48109,"depth":129,"text":48110},{"id":48178,"depth":129,"text":48179},{"id":48219,"depth":129,"text":48220},{"id":48277,"depth":103,"text":48278,"children":49078},[49079,49080],{"id":41804,"depth":129,"text":40994},{"id":41869,"depth":129,"text":1032},{"id":48621,"depth":103,"text":49082},"When to use int()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":49084},[49085,49086,49087,49089,49090],{"id":48725,"depth":129,"text":48726},{"id":48777,"depth":129,"text":48778},{"id":48795,"depth":129,"text":49088},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48868,"depth":129,"text":48869},{"id":48911,"depth":129,"text":49091},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":49093},[49094,49096,49098,49100],{"id":48961,"depth":129,"text":49095},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48972,"depth":129,"text":49097},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48989,"depth":129,"text":49099},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49003,"depth":129,"text":49004},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42386,"description":49102},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49109,"title":49110,"body":49111,"description":50947,"extension":2300,"meta":50948,"navigation":132,"path":45094,"seo":50949,"stem":50950,"__hash__":50951},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49112,"toc":50903},[49113,49118,49123,49131,49140,49142,49201,49207,49212,49217,49220,49248,49251,49254,49265,49275,49277,49279,49299,49303,49331,49333,49372,49374,49382,49384,49387,49391,49444,49446,49458,49462,49519,49521,49533,49539,49545,49549,49552,49555,49621,49623,49635,49641,49643,49695,49698,49739,49742,49749,49758,49764,49767,49800,49806,49809,49840,49846,49849,49861,49865,49870,49874,50032,50034,50049,50052,50056,50160,50162,50179,50183,50244,50246,50254,50257,50261,50328,50330,50339,50345,50347,50356,50358,50393,50398,50400,50430,50434,50436,50473,50476,50478,50515,50521,50523,50573,50575,50583,50593,50599,50603,50608,50657,50659,50672,50675,50677,50680,50755,50758,50777,50780,50810,50820,50822,50827,50834,50840,50846,50853,50861,50867,50870,50872,50900],[10,49114,3912,49116,3916],{"id":49115},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,49117,45097],{},[14,49119,49120,49122],{},[18,49121,45097],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49124,49125,49126,1725,49128,49130],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,49127,3941],{},[18,49129,4010],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49132,49133,49134,49136,49137,49139],{},"In many cases, ",[18,49135,45097],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,49138,2637],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[49,49141,3946],{"id":3945},[54,49143,49145],{"className":56,"code":49144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,49146,49147,49155,49159,49180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49148,49149,49151,49153],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49150,2782],{"class":69},[63,49152,74],{"class":73},[63,49154,2923],{"class":85},[63,49156,49157],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49158,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49160,49161,49163,49165,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49162,140],{"class":139},[63,49164,113],{"class":81},[63,49166,49167],{"class":139},"isinstance",[63,49169,113],{"class":81},[63,49171,2807],{"class":145},[63,49173,89],{"class":81},[63,49175,45568],{"class":77},[63,49177,5683],{"class":81},[63,49179,44146],{"class":1910},[63,49181,49182,49184,49186,49188,49190,49192,49194,49197,49199],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,49183,140],{"class":139},[63,49185,113],{"class":81},[63,49187,49167],{"class":139},[63,49189,113],{"class":81},[63,49191,2807],{"class":145},[63,49193,89],{"class":81},[63,49195,49196],{"class":77}," str",[63,49198,5683],{"class":81},[63,49200,44163],{"class":1910},[14,49202,222,49203,49206],{},[18,49204,49205],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[49,49208,4014,49210,4017],{"id":49209},"what-isinstance-does",[18,49211,45097],{},[14,49213,49214,49216],{},[18,49215,45097],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49218,49219],{},"It:",[29,49221,49222,49225,49231,49234],{},[32,49223,49224],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[32,49226,11731,49227,1725,49229],{},[18,49228,3941],{},[18,49230,4010],{},[32,49232,49233],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[32,49235,49236,49237,2524,49239,2524,49241,2524,49243,17369,49246],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,49238,3779],{},[18,49240,1039],{},[18,49242,276],{},[18,49244,49245],{},"tuple",[18,49247,9138],{},[14,49249,49250],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49252,49253],{},"For example, you might want to:",[29,49255,49256,49259,49262],{},[32,49257,49258],{},"loop through a list",[32,49260,49261],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[32,49263,49264],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49266,49267,49268,1725,49271,259],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[196,49269,45089],{"href":49270},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[196,49272,49274],{"href":49273},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[49,49276,263],{"id":262},[14,49278,2495],{},[54,49280,49282],{"className":56,"code":49281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,49283,49284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49285,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294,49297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49287,49167],{"class":139},[63,49289,113],{"class":81},[63,49291,42689],{"class":77},[63,49293,89],{"class":81},[63,49295,49296],{"class":145}," classinfo",[63,49298,126],{"class":81},[486,49300,49302],{"id":49301},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[29,49304,49305,49310,49324],{},[32,49306,49307,49309],{},[18,49308,42689],{}," is the value you want to test",[32,49311,49312,49315,49316,2524,49318,2524,49320,2528,49322],{},[18,49313,49314],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,49317,1039],{},[18,49319,3779],{},[18,49321,276],{},[18,49323,9138],{},[32,49325,49326,49327,1725,49329],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,49328,3941],{},[18,49330,4010],{},[14,49332,2543],{},[54,49334,49336],{"className":56,"code":49335,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,49337,49338,49350,49354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49339,49340,49342,49344,49346,49348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49341,8194],{"class":69},[63,49343,74],{"class":73},[63,49345,824],{"class":116},[63,49347,11817],{"class":120},[63,49349,3694],{"class":116},[63,49351,49352],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49353,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49357,140],{"class":139},[63,49359,113],{"class":81},[63,49361,49167],{"class":139},[63,49363,113],{"class":81},[63,49365,816],{"class":145},[63,49367,89],{"class":81},[63,49369,49196],{"class":77},[63,49371,100],{"class":81},[14,49373,163],{},[54,49375,49376],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,49377,49378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49379,49380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49381,4313],{"class":1205},[49,49383,11783],{"id":11782},[14,49385,49386],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[486,49388,49390],{"id":49389},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[54,49392,49394],{"className":56,"code":49393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,49395,49396,49404,49408,49426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49397,49398,49400,49402],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49399,2782],{"class":69},[63,49401,74],{"class":73},[63,49403,45517],{"class":85},[63,49405,49406],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49407,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49409,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49411,140],{"class":139},[63,49413,113],{"class":81},[63,49415,49167],{"class":139},[63,49417,113],{"class":81},[63,49419,2807],{"class":145},[63,49421,89],{"class":81},[63,49423,45568],{"class":77},[63,49425,100],{"class":81},[63,49427,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,49429,140],{"class":139},[63,49431,113],{"class":81},[63,49433,49167],{"class":139},[63,49435,113],{"class":81},[63,49437,2807],{"class":145},[63,49439,89],{"class":81},[63,49441,49196],{"class":77},[63,49443,100],{"class":81},[14,49445,163],{},[54,49447,49448],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,49449,49450,49454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49451,49452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49453,4313],{"class":1205},[63,49455,49456],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49457,1206],{"class":1205},[486,49459,49461],{"id":49460},"check-text","Check text",[54,49463,49465],{"className":56,"code":49464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,49466,49467,49479,49483,49501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49468,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49470,34981],{"class":69},[63,49472,74],{"class":73},[63,49474,824],{"class":116},[63,49476,1995],{"class":120},[63,49478,3694],{"class":116},[63,49480,49481],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49482,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49484,49485,49487,49489,49491,49493,49495,49497,49499],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49486,140],{"class":139},[63,49488,113],{"class":81},[63,49490,49167],{"class":139},[63,49492,113],{"class":81},[63,49494,35002],{"class":145},[63,49496,89],{"class":81},[63,49498,49196],{"class":77},[63,49500,100],{"class":81},[63,49502,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515,49517],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,49504,140],{"class":139},[63,49506,113],{"class":81},[63,49508,49167],{"class":139},[63,49510,113],{"class":81},[63,49512,35002],{"class":145},[63,49514,89],{"class":81},[63,49516,45568],{"class":77},[63,49518,100],{"class":81},[14,49520,163],{},[54,49522,49523],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,49524,49525,49529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49526,49527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49528,4313],{"class":1205},[63,49530,49531],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49532,1206],{"class":1205},[14,49534,49535,49536,49538],{},"In both examples, ",[18,49537,45097],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49540,49541,49542,259],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[196,49543,49544],{"href":3298},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[49,49546,49548],{"id":49547},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49550,49551],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49553,49554],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[54,49556,49558],{"className":56,"code":49557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,49559,49560,49569,49573,49597],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49561,49562,49564,49566],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49563,2782],{"class":69},[63,49565,74],{"class":73},[63,49567,49568],{"class":85}," 3.5\n",[63,49570,49571],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49572,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49574,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589,49591,49593,49595],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49576,140],{"class":139},[63,49578,113],{"class":81},[63,49580,49167],{"class":139},[63,49582,113],{"class":81},[63,49584,2807],{"class":145},[63,49586,89],{"class":81},[63,49588,1687],{"class":81},[63,49590,1039],{"class":77},[63,49592,89],{"class":81},[63,49594,40545],{"class":77},[63,49596,1965],{"class":81},[63,49598,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,49600,140],{"class":139},[63,49602,113],{"class":81},[63,49604,49167],{"class":139},[63,49606,113],{"class":81},[63,49608,2807],{"class":145},[63,49610,89],{"class":81},[63,49612,1687],{"class":81},[63,49614,3779],{"class":77},[63,49616,89],{"class":81},[63,49618,78],{"class":77},[63,49620,1965],{"class":81},[14,49622,163],{},[54,49624,49625],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,49626,49627,49631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49628,49629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49630,4313],{"class":1205},[63,49632,49633],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49634,1206],{"class":1205},[14,49636,49637,49638,49640],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,49639,41127],{}," conditions.",[14,49642,8613],{},[54,49644,49646],{"className":56,"code":49645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,49647,49648,49656,49660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49649,49650,49652,49654],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49651,2782],{"class":69},[63,49653,74],{"class":73},[63,49655,49568],{"class":85},[63,49657,49658],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49659,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49661,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49663,140],{"class":139},[63,49665,113],{"class":81},[63,49667,3557],{"class":77},[63,49669,113],{"class":81},[63,49671,2807],{"class":145},[63,49673,3997],{"class":81},[63,49675,6728],{"class":73},[63,49677,45568],{"class":77},[63,49679,48527],{"class":1155},[63,49681,49682],{"class":77}," type",[63,49684,113],{"class":81},[63,49686,2807],{"class":145},[63,49688,3997],{"class":81},[63,49690,6728],{"class":73},[63,49692,40545],{"class":77},[63,49694,126],{"class":81},[14,49696,49697],{},"you can write this:",[54,49699,49701],{"className":56,"code":49700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49702,49703,49711,49715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49704,49705,49707,49709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49706,2782],{"class":69},[63,49708,74],{"class":73},[63,49710,49568],{"class":85},[63,49712,49713],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49714,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49716,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49718,140],{"class":139},[63,49720,113],{"class":81},[63,49722,49167],{"class":139},[63,49724,113],{"class":81},[63,49726,2807],{"class":145},[63,49728,89],{"class":81},[63,49730,1687],{"class":81},[63,49732,1039],{"class":77},[63,49734,89],{"class":81},[63,49736,40545],{"class":77},[63,49738,1965],{"class":81},[14,49740,49741],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[49,49743,49745,10891,49747],{"id":49744},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,49746,45097],{},[18,49748,2637],{},[14,49750,10896,49751,4726,49753,49757],{},[18,49752,45097],{},[196,49754,49755],{"href":2634},[18,49756,2637],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[486,49759,49761],{"id":49760},"typevalue-int",[18,49762,49763],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49765,49766],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[54,49768,49770],{"className":56,"code":49769,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,49771,49772,49780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49773,49774,49776,49778],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49775,2782],{"class":69},[63,49777,74],{"class":73},[63,49779,2923],{"class":85},[63,49781,49782,49784,49786,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49783,140],{"class":139},[63,49785,113],{"class":81},[63,49787,3557],{"class":77},[63,49789,113],{"class":81},[63,49791,2807],{"class":145},[63,49793,3997],{"class":81},[63,49795,6728],{"class":73},[63,49797,45568],{"class":77},[63,49799,126],{"class":81},[486,49801,49803],{"id":49802},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49804,49805],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49807,49808],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[54,49810,49812],{"className":56,"code":49811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49813,49814,49822],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49815,49816,49818,49820],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49817,2782],{"class":69},[63,49819,74],{"class":73},[63,49821,2923],{"class":85},[63,49823,49824,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49825,140],{"class":139},[63,49827,113],{"class":81},[63,49829,49167],{"class":139},[63,49831,113],{"class":81},[63,49833,2807],{"class":145},[63,49835,89],{"class":81},[63,49837,45568],{"class":77},[63,49839,100],{"class":81},[14,49841,49842,49843,49845],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49844,45097],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49847,49848],{},"In everyday code:",[29,49850,49851,49856],{},[32,49852,40280,49853,49855],{},[18,49854,2637],{}," when you need the exact type",[32,49857,40280,49858,49860],{},[18,49859,45097],{}," when you want a practical type check",[49,49862,49864],{"id":49863},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49866,49867,49868,259],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49869,45097],{},[486,49871,49873],{"id":49872},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[54,49875,49877],{"className":56,"code":49876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49878,49879,49897,49916,49928,49933,49951,49962,49966,49978,49982,50006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,49880,49881,49883,49886,49888,49890,49892,49895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,49882,35145],{"class":2402},[63,49884,49885],{"class":35148}," repeat_text",[63,49887,113],{"class":81},[63,49889,35002],{"class":37953},[63,49891,89],{"class":81},[63,49893,49894],{"class":37953}," count",[63,49896,8657],{"class":81},[63,49898,49899,49901,49903,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,49900,6718],{"class":1155},[63,49902,1050],{"class":73},[63,49904,49905],{"class":139}," isinstance",[63,49907,113],{"class":81},[63,49909,35002],{"class":145},[63,49911,89],{"class":81},[63,49913,49196],{"class":77},[63,49915,8657],{"class":81},[63,49917,49918,49921,49923,49926],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,49919,49920],{"class":1155},"        return",[63,49922,824],{"class":116},[63,49924,49925],{"class":120},"text must be a string",[63,49927,3694],{"class":116},[63,49929,49930],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,49931,49932],{"class":69},"    \n",[63,49934,49935,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,49936,6718],{"class":1155},[63,49938,1050],{"class":73},[63,49940,49905],{"class":139},[63,49942,113],{"class":81},[63,49944,41550],{"class":145},[63,49946,89],{"class":81},[63,49948,45568],{"class":77},[63,49950,8657],{"class":81},[63,49952,49953,49955,49957,49960],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,49954,49920],{"class":1155},[63,49956,824],{"class":116},[63,49958,49959],{"class":120},"count must be an integer",[63,49961,3694],{"class":116},[63,49963,49964],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,49965,49932],{"class":69},[63,49967,49968,49970,49973,49975],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,49969,35156],{"class":1155},[63,49971,49972],{"class":69}," text ",[63,49974,40162],{"class":73},[63,49976,49977],{"class":69}," count\n",[63,49979,49980],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,49981,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,49983,49984,49986,49988,49991,49993,49995,49998,50000,50002,50004],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,49985,140],{"class":139},[63,49987,113],{"class":81},[63,49989,49990],{"class":145},"repeat_text",[63,49992,113],{"class":81},[63,49994,117],{"class":116},[63,49996,49997],{"class":120},"Hi ",[63,49999,117],{"class":116},[63,50001,89],{"class":81},[63,50003,97],{"class":85},[63,50005,100],{"class":81},[63,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030],{"class":65,"line":11903},[63,50009,140],{"class":139},[63,50011,113],{"class":81},[63,50013,49990],{"class":145},[63,50015,113],{"class":81},[63,50017,117],{"class":116},[63,50019,49997],{"class":120},[63,50021,117],{"class":116},[63,50023,89],{"class":81},[63,50025,824],{"class":116},[63,50027,1248],{"class":120},[63,50029,117],{"class":116},[63,50031,100],{"class":81},[14,50033,163],{},[54,50035,50037],{"className":56,"code":50036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,50038,50039,50044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50040,50041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50042,50043],{"class":69},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[63,50045,50046],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50047,50048],{"class":69},"count must be an integer\n",[14,50050,50051],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[486,50053,50055],{"id":50054},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[54,50057,50059],{"className":56,"code":50058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,50060,50061,50093,50097,50113,50128,50145],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50062,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089,50091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50064,2782],{"class":69},[63,50066,74],{"class":73},[63,50068,1091],{"class":81},[63,50070,117],{"class":116},[63,50072,196],{"class":120},[63,50074,117],{"class":116},[63,50076,89],{"class":81},[63,50078,824],{"class":116},[63,50080,206],{"class":120},[63,50082,117],{"class":116},[63,50084,89],{"class":81},[63,50086,824],{"class":116},[63,50088,215],{"class":120},[63,50090,117],{"class":116},[63,50092,186],{"class":81},[63,50094,50095],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50096,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,50098,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50100,7318],{"class":1155},[63,50102,49905],{"class":139},[63,50104,113],{"class":81},[63,50106,2807],{"class":145},[63,50108,89],{"class":81},[63,50110,49196],{"class":77},[63,50112,8657],{"class":81},[63,50114,50115,50117,50119,50121,50124,50126],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50116,8386],{"class":139},[63,50118,113],{"class":81},[63,50120,117],{"class":116},[63,50122,50123],{"class":120},"This is text",[63,50125,117],{"class":116},[63,50127,126],{"class":81},[63,50129,50130,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,50131,50132],{"class":1155},"elif",[63,50134,49905],{"class":139},[63,50136,113],{"class":81},[63,50138,2807],{"class":145},[63,50140,89],{"class":81},[63,50142,78],{"class":77},[63,50144,8657],{"class":81},[63,50146,50147,50149,50151,50153,50156,50158],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,50148,8386],{"class":139},[63,50150,113],{"class":81},[63,50152,117],{"class":116},[63,50154,50155],{"class":120},"This is a list",[63,50157,117],{"class":116},[63,50159,126],{"class":81},[14,50161,163],{},[54,50163,50165],{"className":56,"code":50164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a list\n",[18,50166,50167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50168,50169,50172,50174,50176],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50170,50171],{"class":69},"This ",[63,50173,1156],{"class":73},[63,50175,44836],{"class":69},[63,50177,50178],{"class":77},"list\n",[486,50180,50182],{"id":50181},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[54,50184,50186],{"className":56,"code":50185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,50187,50188,50200,50204,50220,50234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50189,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50191,2782],{"class":69},[63,50193,74],{"class":73},[63,50195,824],{"class":116},[63,50197,46817],{"class":120},[63,50199,3694],{"class":116},[63,50201,50202],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50203,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,50205,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50207,7318],{"class":1155},[63,50209,49905],{"class":139},[63,50211,113],{"class":81},[63,50213,2807],{"class":145},[63,50215,89],{"class":81},[63,50217,49196],{"class":77},[63,50219,8657],{"class":81},[63,50221,50222,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50223,42180],{"class":69},[63,50225,74],{"class":73},[63,50227,45568],{"class":77},[63,50229,113],{"class":81},[63,50231,2807],{"class":145},[63,50233,126],{"class":81},[63,50235,50236,50238,50240,50242],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,50237,8386],{"class":139},[63,50239,113],{"class":81},[63,50241,2575],{"class":145},[63,50243,126],{"class":81},[14,50245,163],{},[54,50247,50248],{"className":56,"code":46903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,50249,50250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50251,50252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50253,46903],{"class":85},[14,50255,50256],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[486,50258,50260],{"id":50259},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[54,50262,50264],{"className":56,"code":50263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,50265,50266,50290,50294,50310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50267,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50269,2782],{"class":69},[63,50271,74],{"class":73},[63,50273,811],{"class":81},[63,50275,117],{"class":116},[63,50277,816],{"class":120},[63,50279,117],{"class":116},[63,50281,821],{"class":81},[63,50283,824],{"class":116},[63,50285,827],{"class":120},[63,50287,117],{"class":116},[63,50289,846],{"class":81},[63,50291,50292],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50293,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,50295,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306,50308],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50297,7318],{"class":1155},[63,50299,49905],{"class":139},[63,50301,113],{"class":81},[63,50303,2807],{"class":145},[63,50305,89],{"class":81},[63,50307,9486],{"class":77},[63,50309,8657],{"class":81},[63,50311,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50313,8386],{"class":139},[63,50315,113],{"class":81},[63,50317,2807],{"class":145},[63,50319,173],{"class":81},[63,50321,117],{"class":116},[63,50323,816],{"class":120},[63,50325,117],{"class":116},[63,50327,2080],{"class":81},[14,50329,163],{},[54,50331,50333],{"className":56,"code":50332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n",[18,50334,50335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50336,50337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50338,50332],{"class":69},[14,50340,50341,50342,50344],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,50343,1032],{}," messages later.",[49,50346,1888],{"id":1887},[486,50348,50350,50351,11398,50354],{"id":50349},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,50352,50353],{},"\"int\"",[18,50355,1039],{},[14,50357,16941],{},[54,50359,50361],{"className":56,"code":50360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,50362,50363,50371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50364,50365,50367,50369],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50366,2782],{"class":69},[63,50368,74],{"class":73},[63,50370,2923],{"class":85},[63,50372,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50374,140],{"class":139},[63,50376,113],{"class":81},[63,50378,49167],{"class":139},[63,50380,113],{"class":81},[63,50382,2807],{"class":145},[63,50384,89],{"class":81},[63,50386,824],{"class":116},[63,50388,1039],{"class":120},[63,50390,117],{"class":116},[63,50392,100],{"class":81},[14,50394,50395,50397],{},[18,50396,50353],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50399,16953],{},[54,50401,50402],{"className":56,"code":49811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,50403,50404,50412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50405,50406,50408,50410],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50407,2782],{"class":69},[63,50409,74],{"class":73},[63,50411,2923],{"class":85},[63,50413,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50415,140],{"class":139},[63,50417,113],{"class":81},[63,50419,49167],{"class":139},[63,50421,113],{"class":81},[63,50423,2807],{"class":145},[63,50425,89],{"class":81},[63,50427,45568],{"class":77},[63,50429,100],{"class":81},[486,50431,50433],{"id":50432},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50435,16941],{},[54,50437,50439],{"className":56,"code":50438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,50440,50441,50449],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50442,50443,50445,50447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50444,2782],{"class":69},[63,50446,74],{"class":73},[63,50448,35136],{"class":85},[63,50450,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50452,140],{"class":139},[63,50454,113],{"class":81},[63,50456,49167],{"class":139},[63,50458,113],{"class":81},[63,50460,2807],{"class":145},[63,50462,89],{"class":81},[63,50464,1091],{"class":81},[63,50466,1039],{"class":77},[63,50468,89],{"class":81},[63,50470,40545],{"class":77},[63,50472,3334],{"class":81},[14,50474,50475],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50477,16953],{},[54,50479,50481],{"className":56,"code":50480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,50482,50483,50491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50484,50485,50487,50489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50486,2782],{"class":69},[63,50488,74],{"class":73},[63,50490,35136],{"class":85},[63,50492,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50494,140],{"class":139},[63,50496,113],{"class":81},[63,50498,49167],{"class":139},[63,50500,113],{"class":81},[63,50502,2807],{"class":145},[63,50504,89],{"class":81},[63,50506,1687],{"class":81},[63,50508,1039],{"class":77},[63,50510,89],{"class":81},[63,50512,40545],{"class":77},[63,50514,1965],{"class":81},[486,50516,26065,50518,50520],{"id":50517},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,50519,45097],{}," converts a value",[14,50522,19209],{},[54,50524,50526],{"className":56,"code":50525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,50527,50528,50541,50559,50563],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50529,50530,50532,50534,50536,50539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50531,2782],{"class":69},[63,50533,74],{"class":73},[63,50535,824],{"class":116},[63,50537,50538],{"class":120},"123",[63,50540,3694],{"class":116},[63,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555,50557],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50544,851],{"class":69},[63,50546,74],{"class":73},[63,50548,49905],{"class":139},[63,50550,113],{"class":81},[63,50552,2807],{"class":145},[63,50554,89],{"class":81},[63,50556,45568],{"class":77},[63,50558,126],{"class":81},[63,50560,50561],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50562,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,50564,50565,50567,50569,50571],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50566,140],{"class":139},[63,50568,113],{"class":81},[63,50570,875],{"class":145},[63,50572,126],{"class":81},[14,50574,163],{},[54,50576,50577],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,50578,50579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50580,50581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50582,1206],{"class":1205},[14,50584,50585,50586,50589,50590,50592],{},"This does not convert ",[18,50587,50588],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,50591,50538],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50594,50595,50596,6951],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,50597,50598],{},"int(value)",[486,50600,50602],{"id":50601},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50604,50605,50607],{},[18,50606,45097],{}," does not modify anything.",[54,50609,50611],{"className":56,"code":50610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,50612,50613,50625,50629,50647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50614,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50616,2782],{"class":69},[63,50618,74],{"class":73},[63,50620,824],{"class":116},[63,50622,13859],{"class":120},[63,50624,3694],{"class":116},[63,50626,50627],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50628,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,50630,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641,50643,50645],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50632,140],{"class":139},[63,50634,113],{"class":81},[63,50636,49167],{"class":139},[63,50638,113],{"class":81},[63,50640,2807],{"class":145},[63,50642,89],{"class":81},[63,50644,49196],{"class":77},[63,50646,100],{"class":81},[63,50648,50649,50651,50653,50655],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50650,140],{"class":139},[63,50652,113],{"class":81},[63,50654,2807],{"class":145},[63,50656,126],{"class":81},[14,50658,163],{},[54,50660,50662],{"className":56,"code":50661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n100\n",[18,50663,50664,50668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50665,50666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50667,4313],{"class":1205},[63,50669,50670],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50671,47554],{"class":85},[14,50673,50674],{},"The value stays the same.",[49,50676,26233],{"id":26232},[14,50678,50679],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[54,50681,50683],{"className":56,"code":50682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,50684,50685,50699,50717,50741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50688,140],{"class":139},[63,50690,113],{"class":81},[63,50692,3557],{"class":77},[63,50694,113],{"class":81},[63,50696,2807],{"class":145},[63,50698,100],{"class":81},[63,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,50702,140],{"class":139},[63,50704,113],{"class":81},[63,50706,49167],{"class":139},[63,50708,113],{"class":81},[63,50710,2807],{"class":145},[63,50712,89],{"class":81},[63,50714,45568],{"class":77},[63,50716,100],{"class":81},[63,50718,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731,50733,50735,50737,50739],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,50720,140],{"class":139},[63,50722,113],{"class":81},[63,50724,49167],{"class":139},[63,50726,113],{"class":81},[63,50728,2807],{"class":145},[63,50730,89],{"class":81},[63,50732,1687],{"class":81},[63,50734,1039],{"class":77},[63,50736,89],{"class":81},[63,50738,40545],{"class":77},[63,50740,1965],{"class":81},[63,50742,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,50744,140],{"class":139},[63,50746,113],{"class":81},[63,50748,42069],{"class":139},[63,50750,113],{"class":81},[63,50752,2807],{"class":145},[63,50754,100],{"class":81},[14,50756,50757],{},"These can help when:",[29,50759,50760,50763,50768,50771],{},[32,50761,50762],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[32,50764,50765,50766],{},"you are getting a ",[18,50767,1032],{},[32,50769,50770],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[32,50772,50773,50774,50776],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50775,45097],{}," is invalid",[14,50778,50779],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[29,50781,50782,50796,50802,50807],{},[32,50783,50784,50785,1725,50788,50791,50792,1725,50794],{},"using ",[18,50786,50787],{},"'int'",[18,50789,50790],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50793,1039],{},[18,50795,3779],{},[32,50797,50798,50799,50801],{},"expecting ",[18,50800,45097],{}," to convert a value",[32,50803,50784,50804,50806],{},[18,50805,2637],{}," when inherited types should also match",[32,50808,50809],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50811,50812,50813,259],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[196,50814,50816,50817],{"href":50815},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50818,50819],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[49,50821,2165],{"id":2164},[486,50823,5469,50825,5472],{"id":50824},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50826,45097],{},[14,50828,5475,50829,50831,50832,259],{},[18,50830,3941],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50833,4010],{},[486,50835,5497,50837,50839],{"id":50836},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50838,45097],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50841,50842,50843,259],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50844,50845],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[486,50847,2169,50849,4726,50851,2827],{"id":50848},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50850,45097],{},[18,50852,2637],{},[14,50854,50855,50857,50858,50860],{},[18,50856,2637],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50859,45097],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[486,50862,13011,50864,50866],{"id":50863},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50865,45097],{}," convert a value?",[14,50868,50869],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[49,50871,2219],{"id":2218},[29,50873,50874,50880,50884,50889,50894],{},[32,50875,50876],{},[196,50877,3912,50878,3845],{"href":2634},[18,50879,2637],{},[32,50881,50882],{},[196,50883,45089],{"href":49270},[32,50885,50886],{},[196,50887,50888],{"href":3298},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,50890,50891],{},[196,50892,50893],{"href":49273},"What is a data type in Python?",[32,50895,50896],{},[196,50897,50816,50898],{"href":50815},[18,50899,50819],{},[2259,50901,50902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":50904},[50905,50906,50908,50911,50915,50916,50921,50927,50935,50936,50946],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":49209,"depth":103,"text":50907},"What isinstance() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":50909},[50910],{"id":49301,"depth":129,"text":49302},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783,"children":50912},[50913,50914],{"id":49389,"depth":129,"text":49390},{"id":49460,"depth":129,"text":49461},{"id":49547,"depth":103,"text":49548},{"id":49744,"depth":103,"text":50917,"children":50918},"isinstance() vs type()",[50919,50920],{"id":49760,"depth":129,"text":49763},{"id":49802,"depth":129,"text":49805},{"id":49863,"depth":103,"text":49864,"children":50922},[50923,50924,50925,50926],{"id":49872,"depth":129,"text":49873},{"id":50054,"depth":129,"text":50055},{"id":50181,"depth":129,"text":50182},{"id":50259,"depth":129,"text":50260},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":50928},[50929,50931,50932,50934],{"id":50349,"depth":129,"text":50930},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50432,"depth":129,"text":50433},{"id":50517,"depth":129,"text":50933},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50601,"depth":129,"text":50602},{"id":26232,"depth":103,"text":26233},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":50937},[50938,50940,50942,50944],{"id":50824,"depth":129,"text":50939},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50836,"depth":129,"text":50941},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50848,"depth":129,"text":50943},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50863,"depth":129,"text":50945},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49110,"description":50947},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50953,"title":50954,"body":50955,"description":52926,"extension":2300,"meta":52927,"navigation":132,"path":52928,"seo":52929,"stem":52930,"__hash__":52931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50956,"toc":52901},[50957,50960,50965,50970,50984,50987,50989,51064,51069,51073,51078,51081,51095,51097,51263,51275,51277,51279,51294,51297,51300,51313,51315,51413,51417,51423,51426,51435,51437,51472,51477,51498,51503,51508,51540,51543,51600,51604,51610,51613,51666,51668,51708,51711,51779,51782,51833,51840,51844,51850,51935,51941,51947,51996,51999,52002,52052,52054,52059,52063,52113,52117,52164,52168,52245,52249,52314,52317,52321,52326,52331,52343,52345,52364,52370,52373,52392,52397,52424,52431,52435,52441,52444,52539,52542,52545,52594,52599,52601,52605,52640,52643,52700,52710,52713,52747,52750,52752,52756,52759,52763,52766,52770,52773,52777,52790,52794,52799,52801,52851,52863,52865,52898],[10,50958,50954],{"id":50959},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50961,16,50962,50964],{},[18,50963,42651],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50966,35700,50967,50969],{},[18,50968,42651],{}," to count:",[29,50971,50972,50975,50978,50981],{},[32,50973,50974],{},"characters in a string",[32,50976,50977],{},"items in a list or tuple",[32,50979,50980],{},"keys in a dictionary",[32,50982,50983],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50985,50986],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[49,50988,52],{"id":51},[54,50990,50992],{"className":56,"code":50991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50993,50994,51006,51026,51030,51047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,50995,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,50997,34981],{"class":69},[63,50999,74],{"class":73},[63,51001,824],{"class":116},[63,51003,1995],{"class":120},[63,51005,3694],{"class":116},[63,51007,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51009,342],{"class":69},[63,51011,74],{"class":73},[63,51013,1091],{"class":81},[63,51015,741],{"class":85},[63,51017,89],{"class":81},[63,51019,746],{"class":85},[63,51021,89],{"class":81},[63,51023,751],{"class":85},[63,51025,186],{"class":81},[63,51027,51028],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51029,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,51031,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51033,140],{"class":139},[63,51035,113],{"class":81},[63,51037,11468],{"class":139},[63,51039,113],{"class":81},[63,51041,35002],{"class":145},[63,51043,5683],{"class":81},[63,51045,51046],{"class":1910},"   # 5\n",[63,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,51050,140],{"class":139},[63,51052,113],{"class":81},[63,51054,11468],{"class":139},[63,51056,113],{"class":81},[63,51058,357],{"class":145},[63,51060,5683],{"class":81},[63,51062,51063],{"class":1910},"  # 3\n",[14,51065,222,51066,51068],{},[18,51067,42651],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[49,51070,51072],{"id":51071},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,51074,51075,51077],{},[18,51076,42651],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,51079,51080],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[29,51082,51083,51086,51089,51092],{},[32,51084,51085],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[32,51087,51088],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[32,51090,51091],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[32,51093,51094],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,51096,2543],{},[54,51098,51100],{"className":56,"code":51099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,51101,51102,51114,51139,51171,51191,51195,51212,51229,51246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51103,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51105,8194],{"class":69},[63,51107,74],{"class":73},[63,51109,824],{"class":116},[63,51111,7997],{"class":120},[63,51113,3694],{"class":116},[63,51115,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51137],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51117,70],{"class":69},[63,51119,74],{"class":73},[63,51121,1091],{"class":81},[63,51123,741],{"class":85},[63,51125,89],{"class":81},[63,51127,746],{"class":85},[63,51129,89],{"class":81},[63,51131,751],{"class":85},[63,51133,89],{"class":81},[63,51135,51136],{"class":85}," 40",[63,51138,186],{"class":81},[63,51140,51141,51143,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51142,2097],{"class":69},[63,51144,74],{"class":73},[63,51146,811],{"class":81},[63,51148,117],{"class":116},[63,51150,196],{"class":120},[63,51152,117],{"class":116},[63,51154,821],{"class":81},[63,51156,692],{"class":85},[63,51158,89],{"class":81},[63,51160,824],{"class":116},[63,51162,206],{"class":120},[63,51164,117],{"class":116},[63,51166,821],{"class":81},[63,51168,92],{"class":85},[63,51170,846],{"class":81},[63,51172,51173,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51174,731],{"class":69},[63,51176,74],{"class":73},[63,51178,811],{"class":81},[63,51180,661],{"class":85},[63,51182,89],{"class":81},[63,51184,37934],{"class":85},[63,51186,89],{"class":81},[63,51188,6313],{"class":85},[63,51190,846],{"class":81},[63,51192,51193],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,51194,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,51196,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207,51209],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,51198,140],{"class":139},[63,51200,113],{"class":81},[63,51202,11468],{"class":139},[63,51204,113],{"class":81},[63,51206,816],{"class":145},[63,51208,5683],{"class":81},[63,51210,51211],{"class":1910},"     # 3\n",[63,51213,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,51215,140],{"class":139},[63,51217,113],{"class":81},[63,51219,11468],{"class":139},[63,51221,113],{"class":81},[63,51223,146],{"class":145},[63,51225,5683],{"class":81},[63,51227,51228],{"class":1910},"  # 4\n",[63,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,51232,140],{"class":139},[63,51234,113],{"class":81},[63,51236,11468],{"class":139},[63,51238,113],{"class":81},[63,51240,2138],{"class":145},[63,51242,5683],{"class":81},[63,51244,51245],{"class":1910},"     # 2\n",[63,51247,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,51249,140],{"class":139},[63,51251,113],{"class":81},[63,51253,11468],{"class":139},[63,51255,113],{"class":81},[63,51257,763],{"class":145},[63,51259,5683],{"class":81},[63,51261,51262],{"class":1910},"   # 3\n",[14,51264,51265,51266,2524,51270,17369,51273,259],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[196,51267,51269],{"href":51268},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[196,51271,51272],{"href":257},"Python lists explained",[196,51274,9472],{"href":9471},[49,51276,263],{"id":262},[14,51278,2495],{},[54,51280,51282],{"className":56,"code":51281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(object)\n",[18,51283,51284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51287,11468],{"class":139},[63,51289,113],{"class":81},[63,51291,42689],{"class":77},[63,51293,126],{"class":81},[14,51295,51296],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51298,51299],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[29,51301,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310],{},[32,51303,38198],{},[32,51305,38192],{},[32,51307,38195],{},[32,51309,38201],{},[32,51311,51312],{},"a dictionary",[14,51314,2543],{},[54,51316,51318],{"className":56,"code":51317,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,51319,51320,51341,51365,51387],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51321,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51323,140],{"class":139},[63,51325,113],{"class":81},[63,51327,11468],{"class":139},[63,51329,113],{"class":81},[63,51331,117],{"class":116},[63,51333,58],{"class":120},[63,51335,117],{"class":116},[63,51337,5683],{"class":81},[63,51339,51340],{"class":1910},"      # 6\n",[63,51342,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51344,140],{"class":139},[63,51346,113],{"class":81},[63,51348,11468],{"class":139},[63,51350,2071],{"class":81},[63,51352,86],{"class":85},[63,51354,89],{"class":81},[63,51356,92],{"class":85},[63,51358,89],{"class":81},[63,51360,97],{"class":85},[63,51362,5066],{"class":81},[63,51364,51211],{"class":1910},[63,51366,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381,51384],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51368,140],{"class":139},[63,51370,113],{"class":81},[63,51372,11468],{"class":139},[63,51374,82],{"class":81},[63,51376,741],{"class":85},[63,51378,89],{"class":81},[63,51380,746],{"class":85},[63,51382,51383],{"class":81},")))",[63,51385,51386],{"class":1910},"      # 2\n",[63,51388,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51410],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51390,140],{"class":139},[63,51392,113],{"class":81},[63,51394,11468],{"class":139},[63,51396,738],{"class":81},[63,51398,117],{"class":116},[63,51400,2509],{"class":120},[63,51402,117],{"class":116},[63,51404,821],{"class":81},[63,51406,692],{"class":85},[63,51408,51409],{"class":81},"}))",[63,51411,51412],{"class":1910},"      # 1\n",[49,51414,51416],{"id":51415},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51418,51419,51420,51422],{},"When you use ",[18,51421,42651],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51424,51425],{},"That includes:",[29,51427,51428,51430,51432],{},[32,51429,158],{},[32,51431,10758],{},[32,51433,51434],{},"punctuation",[14,51436,2543],{},[54,51438,51440],{"className":56,"code":51439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,51441,51442,51455],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51443,51444,51446,51448,51450,51453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51445,34981],{"class":69},[63,51447,74],{"class":73},[63,51449,824],{"class":116},[63,51451,51452],{"class":120},"Hi there!",[63,51454,3694],{"class":116},[63,51456,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51458,140],{"class":139},[63,51460,113],{"class":81},[63,51462,11468],{"class":139},[63,51464,113],{"class":81},[63,51466,35002],{"class":145},[63,51468,5683],{"class":81},[63,51470,51471],{"class":1910},"  # 9\n",[14,51473,51474,51475,2827],{},"Why is the result ",[18,51476,2480],{},[29,51478,51479,51485,51489,51492],{},[32,51480,51481,51484],{},[18,51482,51483],{},"H"," = 1",[32,51486,51487,51484],{},[18,51488,994],{},[32,51490,51491],{},"space = 1",[32,51493,51494,51497],{},[18,51495,51496],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51499,51500,51501],{},"Total: ",[18,51502,2480],{},[14,51504,51505,51506,821],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,51507,687],{},[54,51509,51511],{"className":56,"code":51510,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,51512,51513,51522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51514,51515,51518,51520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51516,51517],{"class":69},"empty_text ",[63,51519,74],{"class":73},[63,51521,8199],{"class":116},[63,51523,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532,51535,51537],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51525,140],{"class":139},[63,51527,113],{"class":81},[63,51529,11468],{"class":139},[63,51531,113],{"class":81},[63,51533,51534],{"class":145},"empty_text",[63,51536,5683],{"class":81},[63,51538,51539],{"class":1910},"  # 0\n",[14,51541,51542],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[54,51544,51546],{"className":56,"code":51545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,51547,51548,51561,51565,51585],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51549,51550,51553,51555,51557,51559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51551,51552],{"class":69},"user_name ",[63,51554,74],{"class":73},[63,51556,824],{"class":116},[63,51558,5334],{"class":120},[63,51560,3694],{"class":116},[63,51562,51563],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51564,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,51566,51567,51569,51571,51573,51576,51578,51581,51583],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51568,7318],{"class":1155},[63,51570,38676],{"class":139},[63,51572,113],{"class":81},[63,51574,51575],{"class":145},"user_name",[63,51577,3997],{"class":81},[63,51579,51580],{"class":73}," >=",[63,51582,97],{"class":85},[63,51584,6713],{"class":81},[63,51586,51587,51589,51591,51593,51596,51598],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51588,8386],{"class":139},[63,51590,113],{"class":81},[63,51592,117],{"class":116},[63,51594,51595],{"class":120},"Name is long enough",[63,51597,117],{"class":116},[63,51599,126],{"class":81},[49,51601,51603],{"id":51602},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51605,51606,51607,51609],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,51608,42651],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51611,51612],{},"Example with a list:",[54,51614,51616],{"className":56,"code":51615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,51617,51618,51650],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51619,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51621,13381],{"class":69},[63,51623,74],{"class":73},[63,51625,1091],{"class":81},[63,51627,117],{"class":116},[63,51629,13398],{"class":120},[63,51631,117],{"class":116},[63,51633,89],{"class":81},[63,51635,824],{"class":116},[63,51637,17752],{"class":120},[63,51639,117],{"class":116},[63,51641,89],{"class":81},[63,51643,824],{"class":116},[63,51645,13415],{"class":120},[63,51647,117],{"class":116},[63,51649,186],{"class":81},[63,51651,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51653,140],{"class":139},[63,51655,113],{"class":81},[63,51657,11468],{"class":139},[63,51659,113],{"class":81},[63,51661,17799],{"class":145},[63,51663,5683],{"class":81},[63,51665,51063],{"class":1910},[14,51667,38207],{},[54,51669,51671],{"className":56,"code":51670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,51672,51673,51690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51674,51675,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51676,51677],{"class":69},"point ",[63,51679,74],{"class":73},[63,51681,1687],{"class":81},[63,51683,741],{"class":85},[63,51685,89],{"class":81},[63,51687,746],{"class":85},[63,51689,126],{"class":81},[63,51691,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700,51703,51705],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51693,140],{"class":139},[63,51695,113],{"class":81},[63,51697,11468],{"class":139},[63,51699,113],{"class":81},[63,51701,51702],{"class":145},"point",[63,51704,5683],{"class":81},[63,51706,51707],{"class":1910},"  # 2\n",[14,51709,51710],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[54,51712,51714],{"className":56,"code":51713,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,51715,51716,51740,51744,51762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51717,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51719,342],{"class":69},[63,51721,74],{"class":73},[63,51723,1091],{"class":81},[63,51725,117],{"class":116},[63,51727,408],{"class":120},[63,51729,117],{"class":116},[63,51731,89],{"class":81},[63,51733,824],{"class":116},[63,51735,427],{"class":120},[63,51737,117],{"class":116},[63,51739,186],{"class":81},[63,51741,51742],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51743,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,51745,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51747,7318],{"class":1155},[63,51749,38676],{"class":139},[63,51751,113],{"class":81},[63,51753,357],{"class":145},[63,51755,3997],{"class":81},[63,51757,38686],{"class":73},[63,51759,692],{"class":85},[63,51761,6713],{"class":81},[63,51763,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51765,8386],{"class":139},[63,51767,113],{"class":81},[63,51769,357],{"class":145},[63,51771,173],{"class":81},[63,51773,86],{"class":85},[63,51775,20740],{"class":81},[63,51777,51778],{"class":1910},"  # banana\n",[14,51780,51781],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[54,51783,51785],{"className":56,"code":51784,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51786,51787,51810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51798,51800,51803,51805,51808],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51790,1781],{"class":69},[63,51792,74],{"class":73},[63,51794,1091],{"class":81},[63,51796,51797],{"class":85},"88",[63,51799,89],{"class":81},[63,51801,51802],{"class":85}," 91",[63,51804,89],{"class":81},[63,51806,51807],{"class":85}," 75",[63,51809,186],{"class":81},[63,51811,51812,51814,51816,51818,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51813,140],{"class":139},[63,51815,113],{"class":81},[63,51817,117],{"class":116},[63,51819,51820],{"class":120},"Number of scores:",[63,51822,117],{"class":116},[63,51824,89],{"class":81},[63,51826,38676],{"class":139},[63,51828,113],{"class":81},[63,51830,16686],{"class":145},[63,51832,100],{"class":81},[14,51834,51835,51836,259],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[196,51837,51839],{"href":51838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[49,51841,51843],{"id":51842},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51845,51846,51847,51849],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51848,42651],{}," counts keys.",[54,51851,51853],{"className":56,"code":51852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51854,51855,51863,51881,51895,51911,51915,51919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51856,51857,51859,51861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51858,1412],{"class":69},[63,51860,74],{"class":73},[63,51862,11801],{"class":81},[63,51864,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51866,11806],{"class":116},[63,51868,816],{"class":120},[63,51870,117],{"class":116},[63,51872,821],{"class":81},[63,51874,824],{"class":116},[63,51876,1429],{"class":120},[63,51878,117],{"class":116},[63,51880,11822],{"class":81},[63,51882,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,51884,11806],{"class":116},[63,51886,836],{"class":120},[63,51888,117],{"class":116},[63,51890,821],{"class":81},[63,51892,31234],{"class":85},[63,51894,11822],{"class":81},[63,51896,51897,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,51898,11806],{"class":116},[63,51900,1438],{"class":120},[63,51902,117],{"class":116},[63,51904,821],{"class":81},[63,51906,824],{"class":116},[63,51908,1447],{"class":120},[63,51910,3694],{"class":116},[63,51912,51913],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,51914,846],{"class":81},[63,51916,51917],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,51918,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,51920,51921,51923,51925,51927,51929,51931,51933],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,51922,140],{"class":139},[63,51924,113],{"class":81},[63,51926,11468],{"class":139},[63,51928,113],{"class":81},[63,51930,1464],{"class":145},[63,51932,5683],{"class":81},[63,51934,51063],{"class":1910},[14,51936,51937,51938,51940],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51939,42651],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51942,51943,51944,51946],{},"For sets, ",[18,51945,42651],{}," counts unique items:",[54,51948,51950],{"className":56,"code":51949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51951,51952,51980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,51953,51954,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,51955,70],{"class":69},[63,51957,74],{"class":73},[63,51959,811],{"class":81},[63,51961,86],{"class":85},[63,51963,89],{"class":81},[63,51965,92],{"class":85},[63,51967,89],{"class":81},[63,51969,97],{"class":85},[63,51971,89],{"class":81},[63,51973,97],{"class":85},[63,51975,89],{"class":81},[63,51977,92],{"class":85},[63,51979,846],{"class":81},[63,51981,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,51983,140],{"class":139},[63,51985,113],{"class":81},[63,51987,11468],{"class":139},[63,51989,113],{"class":81},[63,51991,146],{"class":145},[63,51993,5683],{"class":81},[63,51995,51063],{"class":1910},[14,51997,51998],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,52000,52001],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[54,52003,52005],{"className":56,"code":52004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,52006,52007,52015,52019,52037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52008,52009,52011,52013],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52010,2097],{"class":69},[63,52012,74],{"class":73},[63,52014,10145],{"class":81},[63,52016,52017],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52018,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52020,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52022,7318],{"class":1155},[63,52024,38676],{"class":139},[63,52026,113],{"class":81},[63,52028,2138],{"class":145},[63,52030,3997],{"class":81},[63,52032,6728],{"class":73},[63,52034,4169],{"class":85},[63,52036,6713],{"class":81},[63,52038,52039,52041,52043,52045,52048,52050],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52040,8386],{"class":139},[63,52042,113],{"class":81},[63,52044,117],{"class":116},[63,52046,52047],{"class":120},"The dictionary is empty",[63,52049,117],{"class":116},[63,52051,126],{"class":81},[49,52053,41336],{"id":41335},[14,52055,52056,52057,259],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,52058,42651],{},[486,52060,52062],{"id":52061},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[54,52064,52066],{"className":56,"code":52065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,52067,52068,52076,52080,52098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52069,52070,52072,52074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52071,342],{"class":69},[63,52073,74],{"class":73},[63,52075,8156],{"class":81},[63,52077,52078],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52079,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52081,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52083,7318],{"class":1155},[63,52085,38676],{"class":139},[63,52087,113],{"class":81},[63,52089,357],{"class":145},[63,52091,3997],{"class":81},[63,52093,6728],{"class":73},[63,52095,4169],{"class":85},[63,52097,6713],{"class":81},[63,52099,52100,52102,52104,52106,52109,52111],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52101,8386],{"class":139},[63,52103,113],{"class":81},[63,52105,117],{"class":116},[63,52107,52108],{"class":120},"The list is empty",[63,52110,117],{"class":116},[63,52112,126],{"class":81},[486,52114,52116],{"id":52115},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[54,52118,52120],{"className":56,"code":52119,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,52121,52122,52141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52123,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52137,52139],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52125,6474],{"class":69},[63,52127,74],{"class":73},[63,52129,8557],{"class":139},[63,52131,113],{"class":81},[63,52133,117],{"class":116},[63,52135,52136],{"class":120},"Enter a word: ",[63,52138,117],{"class":116},[63,52140,126],{"class":81},[63,52142,52143,52145,52147,52149,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52144,140],{"class":139},[63,52146,113],{"class":81},[63,52148,117],{"class":116},[63,52150,52151],{"class":120},"Number of characters:",[63,52153,117],{"class":116},[63,52155,89],{"class":81},[63,52157,38676],{"class":139},[63,52159,113],{"class":81},[63,52161,38681],{"class":145},[63,52163,100],{"class":81},[486,52165,52167],{"id":52166},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[54,52169,52171],{"className":56,"code":52170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,52172,52173,52187,52191,52209,52224,52230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52174,52175,52178,52180,52182,52185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52176,52177],{"class":69},"password ",[63,52179,74],{"class":73},[63,52181,824],{"class":116},[63,52183,52184],{"class":120},"secret123",[63,52186,3694],{"class":116},[63,52188,52189],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52190,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52192,52193,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52194,7318],{"class":1155},[63,52196,38676],{"class":139},[63,52198,113],{"class":81},[63,52200,17918],{"class":145},[63,52202,3997],{"class":81},[63,52204,51580],{"class":73},[63,52206,6679],{"class":85},[63,52208,6713],{"class":81},[63,52210,52211,52213,52215,52217,52220,52222],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52212,8386],{"class":139},[63,52214,113],{"class":81},[63,52216,117],{"class":116},[63,52218,52219],{"class":120},"Password length is valid",[63,52221,117],{"class":116},[63,52223,126],{"class":81},[63,52225,52226,52228],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,52227,27724],{"class":1155},[63,52229,6713],{"class":81},[63,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238,52241,52243],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,52233,8386],{"class":139},[63,52235,113],{"class":81},[63,52237,117],{"class":116},[63,52239,52240],{"class":120},"Password is too short",[63,52242,117],{"class":116},[63,52244,126],{"class":81},[486,52246,52248],{"id":52247},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[54,52250,52252],{"className":56,"code":52251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,52253,52254,52290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52255,52256,52259,52261,52263,52265,52268,52270,52272,52274,52277,52279,52281,52283,52286,52288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52257,52258],{"class":69},"results ",[63,52260,74],{"class":73},[63,52262,1091],{"class":81},[63,52264,117],{"class":116},[63,52266,52267],{"class":120},"item1",[63,52269,117],{"class":116},[63,52271,89],{"class":81},[63,52273,824],{"class":116},[63,52275,52276],{"class":120},"item2",[63,52278,117],{"class":116},[63,52280,89],{"class":81},[63,52282,824],{"class":116},[63,52284,52285],{"class":120},"item3",[63,52287,117],{"class":116},[63,52289,186],{"class":81},[63,52291,52292,52294,52296,52298,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309,52312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52293,140],{"class":139},[63,52295,113],{"class":81},[63,52297,117],{"class":116},[63,52299,52300],{"class":120},"Items found:",[63,52302,117],{"class":116},[63,52304,89],{"class":81},[63,52306,38676],{"class":139},[63,52308,113],{"class":81},[63,52310,52311],{"class":145},"results",[63,52313,100],{"class":81},[14,52315,52316],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[49,52318,52320],{"id":52319},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52322,52323,52325],{},[18,52324,42651],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52327,52328,52329,821],{},"These will raise a ",[18,52330,1032],{},[29,52332,52333,52336,52339],{},[32,52334,52335],{},"plain integers",[32,52337,52338],{},"floats",[32,52340,52341],{},[18,52342,4115],{},[14,52344,2543],{},[54,52346,52348],{"className":56,"code":52347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(5))\n",[18,52349,52350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52351,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52353,140],{"class":139},[63,52355,113],{"class":81},[63,52357,11468],{"class":139},[63,52359,113],{"class":81},[63,52361,661],{"class":85},[63,52363,100],{"class":81},[14,52365,52366,52367,52369],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,52368,661],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52371,52372],{},"Another example:",[54,52374,52376],{"className":56,"code":52375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,52377,52378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52379,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52381,140],{"class":139},[63,52383,113],{"class":81},[63,52385,11468],{"class":139},[63,52387,113],{"class":81},[63,52389,40433],{"class":85},[63,52391,100],{"class":81},[14,52393,52394,52395,821],{},"And with ",[18,52396,4115],{},[54,52398,52400],{"className":56,"code":52399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,52401,52402,52410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52403,52404,52406,52408],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52405,2782],{"class":69},[63,52407,74],{"class":73},[63,52409,48819],{"class":1205},[63,52411,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52413,140],{"class":139},[63,52415,113],{"class":81},[63,52417,11468],{"class":139},[63,52419,113],{"class":81},[63,52421,2807],{"class":145},[63,52423,100],{"class":81},[14,52425,52426,52427,259],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[196,52428,52430],{"href":52429},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[49,52432,52434],{"id":52433},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52436,52437,52438,52440],{},"Before using ",[18,52439,42651],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52442,52443],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[54,52445,52447],{"className":56,"code":52446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,52448,52449,52457,52461,52471,52485,52503,52521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52450,52451,52453,52455],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52452,2782],{"class":69},[63,52454,74],{"class":73},[63,52456,48819],{"class":1205},[63,52458,52459],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52460,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52462,52463,52465,52467,52469],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52464,140],{"class":139},[63,52466,113],{"class":81},[63,52468,2807],{"class":145},[63,52470,126],{"class":81},[63,52472,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52474,140],{"class":139},[63,52476,113],{"class":81},[63,52478,3557],{"class":77},[63,52480,113],{"class":81},[63,52482,2807],{"class":145},[63,52484,100],{"class":81},[63,52486,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,52488,140],{"class":139},[63,52490,113],{"class":81},[63,52492,49167],{"class":139},[63,52494,113],{"class":81},[63,52496,2807],{"class":145},[63,52498,89],{"class":81},[63,52500,49196],{"class":77},[63,52502,100],{"class":81},[63,52504,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,52506,140],{"class":139},[63,52508,113],{"class":81},[63,52510,49167],{"class":139},[63,52512,113],{"class":81},[63,52514,2807],{"class":145},[63,52516,89],{"class":81},[63,52518,78],{"class":77},[63,52520,100],{"class":81},[63,52522,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,52524,140],{"class":139},[63,52526,113],{"class":81},[63,52528,49167],{"class":139},[63,52530,113],{"class":81},[63,52532,2807],{"class":145},[63,52534,89],{"class":81},[63,52536,9486],{"class":77},[63,52538,100],{"class":81},[14,52540,52541],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52543,52544],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[54,52546,52548],{"className":56,"code":52547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,52549,52550,52562,52566,52580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52551,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52553,2782],{"class":69},[63,52555,74],{"class":73},[63,52557,824],{"class":116},[63,52559,1995],{"class":120},[63,52561,3694],{"class":116},[63,52563,52564],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52565,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52567,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52569,7318],{"class":1155},[63,52571,21879],{"class":69},[63,52573,1156],{"class":73},[63,52575,1050],{"class":73},[63,52577,4187],{"class":1205},[63,52579,6713],{"class":81},[63,52581,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52583,8386],{"class":139},[63,52585,113],{"class":81},[63,52587,11468],{"class":139},[63,52589,113],{"class":81},[63,52591,2807],{"class":145},[63,52593,100],{"class":81},[14,52595,52596,52597,259],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[196,52598,8758],{"href":2634},[49,52600,3167],{"id":3166},[14,52602,23387,52603,821],{},[18,52604,42651],{},[29,52606,52607,52615,52623,52631,52637],{},[32,52608,8733,52609,52611,52612],{},[18,52610,42651],{}," on an integer like ",[18,52613,52614],{},"len(5)",[32,52616,8733,52617,52619,52620],{},[18,52618,42651],{}," on a float like ",[18,52621,52622],{},"len(3.14)",[32,52624,8733,52625,52627,52628,52630],{},[18,52626,42651],{}," on ",[18,52629,4115],{}," after a function returns nothing",[32,52632,4909,52633,52636],{},[18,52634,52635],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[32,52638,52639],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52641,52642],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[54,52644,52646],{"className":56,"code":52645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,52647,52648,52684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52649,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52651,806],{"class":69},[63,52653,74],{"class":73},[63,52655,811],{"class":81},[63,52657,117],{"class":116},[63,52659,816],{"class":120},[63,52661,117],{"class":116},[63,52663,821],{"class":81},[63,52665,824],{"class":116},[63,52667,827],{"class":120},[63,52669,117],{"class":116},[63,52671,89],{"class":81},[63,52673,824],{"class":116},[63,52675,836],{"class":120},[63,52677,117],{"class":116},[63,52679,821],{"class":81},[63,52681,746],{"class":85},[63,52683,846],{"class":81},[63,52685,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52687,140],{"class":139},[63,52689,113],{"class":81},[63,52691,11468],{"class":139},[63,52693,113],{"class":81},[63,52695,860],{"class":145},[63,52697,5683],{"class":81},[63,52699,51707],{"class":1910},[14,52701,37885,52702,52704,52705,4726,52707,259],{},[18,52703,2394],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,52706,15536],{},[18,52708,52709],{},"\"age\"",[14,52711,52712],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[54,52714,52716],{"className":56,"code":52715,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,52717,52718,52731],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52719,52720,52722,52724,52726,52729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52721,34981],{"class":69},[63,52723,74],{"class":73},[63,52725,824],{"class":116},[63,52727,52728],{"class":120},"a b",[63,52730,3694],{"class":116},[63,52732,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52734,140],{"class":139},[63,52736,113],{"class":81},[63,52738,11468],{"class":139},[63,52740,113],{"class":81},[63,52742,35002],{"class":145},[63,52744,5683],{"class":81},[63,52746,51063],{"class":1910},[14,52748,52749],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[49,52751,2165],{"id":2164},[486,52753,52755],{"id":52754},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52757,52758],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[486,52760,52762],{"id":52761},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52764,52765],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[486,52767,52769],{"id":52768},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52771,52772],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[486,52774,52776],{"id":52775},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52778,52779,52780,52782,52783,1725,52785,52787,52788,259],{},"No. Using ",[18,52781,42651],{}," on an ",[18,52784,1039],{},[18,52786,2527],{}," raises a ",[18,52789,1032],{},[486,52791,52793],{"id":52792},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52795,8083,52796,259],{},[18,52797,52798],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52800,2543],{},[54,52802,52804],{"className":56,"code":52803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52805,52806,52814,52818,52836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52807,52808,52810,52812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52809,8623],{"class":69},[63,52811,74],{"class":73},[63,52813,8156],{"class":81},[63,52815,52816],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52817,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,52819,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,52821,7318],{"class":1155},[63,52823,38676],{"class":139},[63,52825,113],{"class":81},[63,52827,8654],{"class":145},[63,52829,3997],{"class":81},[63,52831,6728],{"class":73},[63,52833,4169],{"class":85},[63,52835,6713],{"class":81},[63,52837,52838,52840,52842,52844,52847,52849],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,52839,8386],{"class":139},[63,52841,113],{"class":81},[63,52843,117],{"class":116},[63,52845,52846],{"class":120},"Empty list",[63,52848,117],{"class":116},[63,52850,126],{"class":81},[14,52852,52853,52854,52856,52857,52859,52860,52862],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52855,4010],{}," in an ",[18,52858,7318],{}," statement, but ",[18,52861,42651],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[49,52864,2219],{"id":2218},[29,52866,52867,52871,52875,52879,52884,52888,52893],{},[32,52868,52869],{},[196,52870,51269],{"href":51268},[32,52872,52873],{},[196,52874,51272],{"href":257},[32,52876,52877],{},[196,52878,9472],{"href":9471},[32,52880,52881],{},[196,52882,52883],{"href":51838},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[32,52885,52886],{},[196,52887,8758],{"href":2634},[32,52889,52890],{},[196,52891,52892],{"href":1064},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[32,52894,52895],{},[196,52896,52897],{"href":52429},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2259,52899,52900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":52902},[52903,52904,52905,52906,52907,52908,52909,52915,52916,52917,52918,52925],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":51071,"depth":103,"text":51072},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":51415,"depth":103,"text":51416},{"id":51602,"depth":103,"text":51603},{"id":51842,"depth":103,"text":51843},{"id":41335,"depth":103,"text":41336,"children":52910},[52911,52912,52913,52914],{"id":52061,"depth":129,"text":52062},{"id":52115,"depth":129,"text":52116},{"id":52166,"depth":129,"text":52167},{"id":52247,"depth":129,"text":52248},{"id":52319,"depth":103,"text":52320},{"id":52433,"depth":103,"text":52434},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":52919},[52920,52921,52922,52923,52924],{"id":52754,"depth":129,"text":52755},{"id":52761,"depth":129,"text":52762},{"id":52768,"depth":129,"text":52769},{"id":52775,"depth":129,"text":52776},{"id":52792,"depth":129,"text":52793},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50954,"description":52926},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52933,"title":52934,"body":52935,"description":54614,"extension":2300,"meta":54615,"navigation":132,"path":54616,"seo":54617,"stem":54618,"__hash__":54619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52936,"toc":54587},[52937,52940,52953,52959,52961,53015,53020,53024,53040,53043,53057,53062,53064,53067,53086,53102,53104,53180,53182,53219,53230,53232,53235,53296,53298,53331,53334,53338,53342,53345,53470,53472,53530,53538,53591,53593,53620,53626,53636,53640,53643,53648,53700,53702,53728,53734,53788,53790,53815,53818,53842,53848,53850,53854,53856,53913,53915,53923,53925,53947,53949,54002,54004,54028,54032,54034,54073,54075,54083,54089,54093,54145,54147,54173,54181,54185,54190,54199,54201,54267,54269,54301,54305,54310,54312,54326,54329,54402,54404,54430,54432,54436,54443,54447,54454,54458,54461,54463,54516,54518,54544,54548,54557,54559,54584],[10,52938,52934],{"id":52939},"python-list-append-method",[14,52941,2317,52942,52944,52945,52948,52949,52952],{},[18,52943,1724],{}," method adds ",[1217,52946,52947],{},"one item"," to the ",[1217,52950,52951],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52954,52955,52956,52958],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1217,52957,4961],{}," create a new list.",[49,52960,3946],{"id":3945},[54,52962,52964],{"className":56,"code":52963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52965,52966,52986,53000,53010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,52967,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,52969,70],{"class":69},[63,52971,74],{"class":73},[63,52973,1091],{"class":81},[63,52975,86],{"class":85},[63,52977,89],{"class":81},[63,52979,92],{"class":85},[63,52981,89],{"class":81},[63,52983,97],{"class":85},[63,52985,186],{"class":81},[63,52987,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,52989,146],{"class":69},[63,52991,259],{"class":81},[63,52993,401],{"class":145},[63,52995,113],{"class":81},[63,52997,2840],{"class":85},[63,52999,126],{"class":81},[63,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53003,140],{"class":139},[63,53005,113],{"class":81},[63,53007,146],{"class":145},[63,53009,126],{"class":81},[63,53011,53012],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53013,53014],{"class":1910},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,53016,222,53017,53019],{},[18,53018,1724],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[49,53021,53023],{"id":53022},"what-append-does","What append() does",[29,53025,53026,53031,53034,53037],{},[32,53027,53028,53030],{},[18,53029,1724],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[32,53032,53033],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[32,53035,53036],{},"It does not create a new list",[32,53038,53039],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,53041,53042],{},"This means you can append:",[29,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055],{},[32,53046,146],{},[32,53048,311],{},[32,53050,40884],{},[32,53052,932],{},[32,53054,323],{},[32,53056,34955],{},[14,53058,53059,53060,259],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[196,53061,258],{"href":257},[49,53063,5753],{"id":5752},[14,53065,53066],{},"Basic form:",[54,53068,53070],{"className":56,"code":53069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,53071,53072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53073,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53075,8654],{"class":69},[63,53077,259],{"class":81},[63,53079,401],{"class":145},[63,53081,113],{"class":81},[63,53083,23603],{"class":145},[63,53085,126],{"class":81},[29,53087,53088,53093,53098],{},[32,53089,53090,53092],{},[18,53091,8654],{}," is the list you want to change",[32,53094,53095,53097],{},[18,53096,23603],{}," is the value or object to add",[32,53099,12220,53100],{},[18,53101,4115],{},[14,53103,2543],{},[54,53105,53107],{"className":56,"code":53106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,53108,53109,53133,53156,53160,53170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53110,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53112,36529],{"class":69},[63,53114,74],{"class":73},[63,53116,1091],{"class":81},[63,53118,117],{"class":116},[63,53120,408],{"class":120},[63,53122,117],{"class":116},[63,53124,89],{"class":81},[63,53126,824],{"class":116},[63,53128,427],{"class":120},[63,53130,117],{"class":116},[63,53132,186],{"class":81},[63,53134,53135,53137,53139,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53136,851],{"class":69},[63,53138,74],{"class":73},[63,53140,53141],{"class":69}," fruits",[63,53143,259],{"class":81},[63,53145,401],{"class":145},[63,53147,113],{"class":81},[63,53149,117],{"class":116},[63,53151,33513],{"class":120},[63,53153,117],{"class":116},[63,53155,126],{"class":81},[63,53157,53158],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53159,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53161,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53163,140],{"class":139},[63,53165,113],{"class":81},[63,53167,36581],{"class":145},[63,53169,126],{"class":81},[63,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,53173,140],{"class":139},[63,53175,113],{"class":81},[63,53177,875],{"class":145},[63,53179,126],{"class":81},[14,53181,163],{},[54,53183,53185],{"className":56,"code":53184,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,53186,53187,53215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53188,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53190,173],{"class":81},[63,53192,193],{"class":116},[63,53194,408],{"class":120},[63,53196,193],{"class":116},[63,53198,89],{"class":81},[63,53200,203],{"class":116},[63,53202,427],{"class":120},[63,53204,193],{"class":116},[63,53206,89],{"class":81},[63,53208,203],{"class":116},[63,53210,33513],{"class":120},[63,53212,193],{"class":116},[63,53214,186],{"class":81},[63,53216,53217],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53218,12117],{"class":1205},[14,53220,53221,53222,53224,53225,53227,53228,259],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,53223,1724],{}," updates ",[18,53226,36581],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,53229,4115],{},[49,53231,11783],{"id":11782},[14,53233,53234],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[54,53236,53238],{"className":56,"code":53237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,53239,53240,53264,53282,53286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53241,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53243,13381],{"class":69},[63,53245,74],{"class":73},[63,53247,1091],{"class":81},[63,53249,117],{"class":116},[63,53251,13398],{"class":120},[63,53253,117],{"class":116},[63,53255,89],{"class":81},[63,53257,824],{"class":116},[63,53259,13415],{"class":120},[63,53261,117],{"class":116},[63,53263,186],{"class":81},[63,53265,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53267,17799],{"class":69},[63,53269,259],{"class":81},[63,53271,401],{"class":145},[63,53273,113],{"class":81},[63,53275,117],{"class":116},[63,53277,17752],{"class":120},[63,53279,117],{"class":116},[63,53281,126],{"class":81},[63,53283,53284],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53285,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53287,53288,53290,53292,53294],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53289,140],{"class":139},[63,53291,113],{"class":81},[63,53293,17799],{"class":145},[63,53295,126],{"class":81},[14,53297,163],{},[54,53299,53301],{"className":56,"code":53300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,53302,53303],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53304,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53306,173],{"class":81},[63,53308,193],{"class":116},[63,53310,13398],{"class":120},[63,53312,193],{"class":116},[63,53314,89],{"class":81},[63,53316,203],{"class":116},[63,53318,13415],{"class":120},[63,53320,193],{"class":116},[63,53322,89],{"class":81},[63,53324,203],{"class":116},[63,53326,17752],{"class":120},[63,53328,193],{"class":116},[63,53330,186],{"class":81},[14,53332,53333],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53335,31374,53336,259],{},[196,53337,1884],{"href":1883},[49,53339,53341],{"id":53340},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53343,53344],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[54,53346,53348],{"className":56,"code":53347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53349,53350,53358,53362,53376,53394,53408,53434,53456,53460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53351,53352,53354,53356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53353,342],{"class":69},[63,53355,74],{"class":73},[63,53357,8156],{"class":81},[63,53359,53360],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53361,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53363,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53365,357],{"class":69},[63,53367,259],{"class":81},[63,53369,401],{"class":145},[63,53371,113],{"class":81},[63,53373,741],{"class":85},[63,53375,126],{"class":81},[63,53377,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53379,357],{"class":69},[63,53381,259],{"class":81},[63,53383,401],{"class":145},[63,53385,113],{"class":81},[63,53387,117],{"class":116},[63,53389,1995],{"class":120},[63,53391,117],{"class":116},[63,53393,126],{"class":81},[63,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,53397,357],{"class":69},[63,53399,259],{"class":81},[63,53401,401],{"class":145},[63,53403,113],{"class":81},[63,53405,3941],{"class":1205},[63,53407,126],{"class":81},[63,53409,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,53411,357],{"class":69},[63,53413,259],{"class":81},[63,53415,401],{"class":145},[63,53417,738],{"class":81},[63,53419,117],{"class":116},[63,53421,816],{"class":120},[63,53423,117],{"class":116},[63,53425,821],{"class":81},[63,53427,824],{"class":116},[63,53429,7997],{"class":120},[63,53431,117],{"class":116},[63,53433,754],{"class":81},[63,53435,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,53437,357],{"class":69},[63,53439,259],{"class":81},[63,53441,401],{"class":145},[63,53443,2071],{"class":81},[63,53445,86],{"class":85},[63,53447,89],{"class":81},[63,53449,92],{"class":85},[63,53451,89],{"class":81},[63,53453,97],{"class":85},[63,53455,2080],{"class":81},[63,53457,53458],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,53459,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53461,53462,53464,53466,53468],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,53463,140],{"class":139},[63,53465,113],{"class":81},[63,53467,357],{"class":145},[63,53469,126],{"class":81},[14,53471,163],{},[54,53473,53475],{"className":56,"code":53474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,53476,53477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53478,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53480,173],{"class":81},[63,53482,741],{"class":85},[63,53484,89],{"class":81},[63,53486,203],{"class":116},[63,53488,1995],{"class":120},[63,53490,193],{"class":116},[63,53492,89],{"class":81},[63,53494,4249],{"class":1205},[63,53496,89],{"class":81},[63,53498,811],{"class":81},[63,53500,193],{"class":116},[63,53502,816],{"class":120},[63,53504,193],{"class":116},[63,53506,821],{"class":81},[63,53508,203],{"class":116},[63,53510,7997],{"class":120},[63,53512,193],{"class":116},[63,53514,53515],{"class":81},"},",[63,53517,1091],{"class":81},[63,53519,86],{"class":85},[63,53521,89],{"class":81},[63,53523,92],{"class":85},[63,53525,89],{"class":81},[63,53527,97],{"class":85},[63,53529,1255],{"class":81},[14,53531,53532,53533,42445,53535,259],{},"A list added with ",[18,53534,1724],{},[1217,53536,53537],{},"one single item",[54,53539,53541],{"className":56,"code":53540,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53542,53543,53559,53577,53581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53544,53545,53547,53549,53551,53553,53555,53557],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53546,70],{"class":69},[63,53548,74],{"class":73},[63,53550,1091],{"class":81},[63,53552,86],{"class":85},[63,53554,89],{"class":81},[63,53556,92],{"class":85},[63,53558,186],{"class":81},[63,53560,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53562,146],{"class":69},[63,53564,259],{"class":81},[63,53566,401],{"class":145},[63,53568,2071],{"class":81},[63,53570,1248],{"class":85},[63,53572,89],{"class":81},[63,53574,705],{"class":85},[63,53576,2080],{"class":81},[63,53578,53579],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53580,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53584,140],{"class":139},[63,53586,113],{"class":81},[63,53588,146],{"class":145},[63,53590,126],{"class":81},[14,53592,163],{},[54,53594,53596],{"className":56,"code":53595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,53597,53598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53599,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53601,173],{"class":81},[63,53603,86],{"class":85},[63,53605,89],{"class":81},[63,53607,92],{"class":85},[63,53609,89],{"class":81},[63,53611,1091],{"class":81},[63,53613,1248],{"class":85},[63,53615,89],{"class":81},[63,53617,705],{"class":85},[63,53619,1255],{"class":81},[14,53621,2621,53622,53625],{},[18,53623,53624],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53627,53628,53629,53635],{},"This is different from ",[196,53630,53632],{"href":53631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,53633,53634],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[49,53637,53639],{"id":53638},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53641,53642],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[486,53644,8733,53646],{"id":53645},"using-append",[18,53647,1724],{},[54,53649,53650],{"className":56,"code":53540,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,53651,53652,53668,53686,53690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53653,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53655,70],{"class":69},[63,53657,74],{"class":73},[63,53659,1091],{"class":81},[63,53661,86],{"class":85},[63,53663,89],{"class":81},[63,53665,92],{"class":85},[63,53667,186],{"class":81},[63,53669,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53671,146],{"class":69},[63,53673,259],{"class":81},[63,53675,401],{"class":145},[63,53677,2071],{"class":81},[63,53679,1248],{"class":85},[63,53681,89],{"class":81},[63,53683,705],{"class":85},[63,53685,2080],{"class":81},[63,53687,53688],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53689,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53691,53692,53694,53696,53698],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53693,140],{"class":139},[63,53695,113],{"class":81},[63,53697,146],{"class":145},[63,53699,126],{"class":81},[14,53701,163],{},[54,53703,53704],{"className":56,"code":53595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,53705,53706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53707,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53709,173],{"class":81},[63,53711,86],{"class":85},[63,53713,89],{"class":81},[63,53715,92],{"class":85},[63,53717,89],{"class":81},[63,53719,1091],{"class":81},[63,53721,1248],{"class":85},[63,53723,89],{"class":81},[63,53725,705],{"class":85},[63,53727,1255],{"class":81},[486,53729,8733,53731],{"id":53730},"using-extend",[18,53732,53733],{},"extend()",[54,53735,53737],{"className":56,"code":53736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,53738,53739,53755,53774,53778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53740,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53742,70],{"class":69},[63,53744,74],{"class":73},[63,53746,1091],{"class":81},[63,53748,86],{"class":85},[63,53750,89],{"class":81},[63,53752,92],{"class":85},[63,53754,186],{"class":81},[63,53756,53757,53759,53761,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53758,146],{"class":69},[63,53760,259],{"class":81},[63,53762,53763],{"class":145},"extend",[63,53765,2071],{"class":81},[63,53767,1248],{"class":85},[63,53769,89],{"class":81},[63,53771,705],{"class":85},[63,53773,2080],{"class":81},[63,53775,53776],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53777,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53779,53780,53782,53784,53786],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53781,140],{"class":139},[63,53783,113],{"class":81},[63,53785,146],{"class":145},[63,53787,126],{"class":81},[14,53789,163],{},[54,53791,53793],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53794,53795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53796,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53798,173],{"class":81},[63,53800,86],{"class":85},[63,53802,89],{"class":81},[63,53804,92],{"class":85},[63,53806,89],{"class":81},[63,53808,97],{"class":85},[63,53810,89],{"class":81},[63,53812,705],{"class":85},[63,53814,186],{"class":81},[14,53816,53817],{},"The difference:",[29,53819,53820,53826,53832,53837],{},[32,53821,53822,53825],{},[18,53823,53824],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[32,53827,53828,53831],{},[18,53829,53830],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[32,53833,222,53834,53836],{},[18,53835,1724],{}," for one item",[32,53838,222,53839,53841],{},[18,53840,53733],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53843,53844,53845,259],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[196,53846,53847],{"href":53631},"Python list extend() method",[49,53849,1888],{"id":1887},[486,53851,53853],{"id":53852},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53855,25981],{},[54,53857,53859],{"className":56,"code":53858,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53860,53861,53881,53899,53903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53862,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53864,342],{"class":69},[63,53866,74],{"class":73},[63,53868,1091],{"class":81},[63,53870,86],{"class":85},[63,53872,89],{"class":81},[63,53874,92],{"class":85},[63,53876,89],{"class":81},[63,53878,97],{"class":85},[63,53880,186],{"class":81},[63,53882,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53884,342],{"class":69},[63,53886,74],{"class":73},[63,53888,6285],{"class":69},[63,53890,259],{"class":81},[63,53892,401],{"class":145},[63,53894,113],{"class":81},[63,53896,2840],{"class":85},[63,53898,126],{"class":81},[63,53900,53901],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53902,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53904,53905,53907,53909,53911],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53906,140],{"class":139},[63,53908,113],{"class":81},[63,53910,357],{"class":145},[63,53912,126],{"class":81},[14,53914,163],{},[54,53916,53917],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,53918,53919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53920,53921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53922,12117],{"class":1205},[14,53924,12209],{},[29,53926,53927,53932,53938],{},[32,53928,53929,53931],{},[18,53930,1724],{}," changes the list in place",[32,53933,53934,2732,53936],{},[18,53935,1724],{},[18,53937,4115],{},[32,53939,53940,53941,53944,53945],{},"So ",[18,53942,53943],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53946,4115],{},[14,53948,11113],{},[54,53950,53952],{"className":56,"code":53951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53953,53954,53974,53988,53992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,53955,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,53957,342],{"class":69},[63,53959,74],{"class":73},[63,53961,1091],{"class":81},[63,53963,86],{"class":85},[63,53965,89],{"class":81},[63,53967,92],{"class":85},[63,53969,89],{"class":81},[63,53971,97],{"class":85},[63,53973,186],{"class":81},[63,53975,53976,53978,53980,53982,53984,53986],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,53977,357],{"class":69},[63,53979,259],{"class":81},[63,53981,401],{"class":145},[63,53983,113],{"class":81},[63,53985,2840],{"class":85},[63,53987,126],{"class":81},[63,53989,53990],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,53991,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,53993,53994,53996,53998,54000],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,53995,140],{"class":139},[63,53997,113],{"class":81},[63,53999,357],{"class":145},[63,54001,126],{"class":81},[14,54003,163],{},[54,54005,54006],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54007,54008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54009,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54011,173],{"class":81},[63,54013,86],{"class":85},[63,54015,89],{"class":81},[63,54017,92],{"class":85},[63,54019,89],{"class":81},[63,54021,97],{"class":85},[63,54023,89],{"class":81},[63,54025,705],{"class":85},[63,54027,186],{"class":81},[486,54029,54031],{"id":54030},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,54033,19209],{},[54,54035,54037],{"className":56,"code":54036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,54038,54039,54063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54040,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54042,32174],{"class":69},[63,54044,74],{"class":73},[63,54046,1091],{"class":81},[63,54048,86],{"class":85},[63,54050,89],{"class":81},[63,54052,92],{"class":85},[63,54054,1284],{"class":81},[63,54056,401],{"class":145},[63,54058,113],{"class":81},[63,54060,1248],{"class":85},[63,54062,126],{"class":81},[63,54064,54065,54067,54069,54071],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54066,140],{"class":139},[63,54068,113],{"class":81},[63,54070,32193],{"class":145},[63,54072,126],{"class":81},[14,54074,163],{},[54,54076,54077],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54078,54079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54080,54081],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54082,12117],{"class":1205},[14,54084,54085,54086,54088],{},"Remember: ",[18,54087,1724],{}," updates the list you already have.",[486,54090,54092],{"id":54091},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[54,54094,54095],{"className":56,"code":53540,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54096,54097,54113,54131,54135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54098,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54100,70],{"class":69},[63,54102,74],{"class":73},[63,54104,1091],{"class":81},[63,54106,86],{"class":85},[63,54108,89],{"class":81},[63,54110,92],{"class":85},[63,54112,186],{"class":81},[63,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127,54129],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54116,146],{"class":69},[63,54118,259],{"class":81},[63,54120,401],{"class":145},[63,54122,2071],{"class":81},[63,54124,1248],{"class":85},[63,54126,89],{"class":81},[63,54128,705],{"class":85},[63,54130,2080],{"class":81},[63,54132,54133],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54134,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54136,54137,54139,54141,54143],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54138,140],{"class":139},[63,54140,113],{"class":81},[63,54142,146],{"class":145},[63,54144,126],{"class":81},[14,54146,163],{},[54,54148,54149],{"className":56,"code":53595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54150,54151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54152,54153,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54154,173],{"class":81},[63,54156,86],{"class":85},[63,54158,89],{"class":81},[63,54160,92],{"class":85},[63,54162,89],{"class":81},[63,54164,1091],{"class":81},[63,54166,1248],{"class":85},[63,54168,89],{"class":81},[63,54170,705],{"class":85},[63,54172,1255],{"class":81},[14,54174,3504,54175,54178,54179,6951],{},[18,54176,54177],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,54180,53733],{},[486,54182,54184],{"id":54183},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54186,54187,54189],{},[18,54188,1724],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54191,54192,54193,259],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[196,54194,54196],{"href":54195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,54197,54198],{},"list.insert()",[14,54200,2543],{},[54,54202,54204],{"className":56,"code":54203,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,54205,54206,54230,54253,54257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54207,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224,54226,54228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54209,106],{"class":69},[63,54211,74],{"class":73},[63,54213,1091],{"class":81},[63,54215,117],{"class":116},[63,54217,196],{"class":120},[63,54219,117],{"class":116},[63,54221,89],{"class":81},[63,54223,824],{"class":116},[63,54225,215],{"class":120},[63,54227,117],{"class":116},[63,54229,186],{"class":81},[63,54231,54232,54234,54236,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54233,158],{"class":69},[63,54235,259],{"class":81},[63,54237,54238],{"class":145},"insert",[63,54240,113],{"class":81},[63,54242,86],{"class":85},[63,54244,89],{"class":81},[63,54246,824],{"class":116},[63,54248,206],{"class":120},[63,54250,117],{"class":116},[63,54252,126],{"class":81},[63,54254,54255],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54256,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54258,54259,54261,54263,54265],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54260,140],{"class":139},[63,54262,113],{"class":81},[63,54264,158],{"class":145},[63,54266,126],{"class":81},[14,54268,163],{},[54,54270,54271],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54272,54273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54274,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54276,173],{"class":81},[63,54278,193],{"class":116},[63,54280,196],{"class":120},[63,54282,193],{"class":116},[63,54284,89],{"class":81},[63,54286,203],{"class":116},[63,54288,206],{"class":120},[63,54290,193],{"class":116},[63,54292,89],{"class":81},[63,54294,203],{"class":116},[63,54296,215],{"class":120},[63,54298,193],{"class":116},[63,54300,186],{"class":81},[49,54302,54304],{"id":54303},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54306,54307,54309],{},[18,54308,1724],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54311,36716],{},[29,54313,54314,54317,54320,54323],{},[32,54315,54316],{},"building a list in a loop",[32,54318,54319],{},"collecting user input",[32,54321,54322],{},"storing results step by step",[32,54324,54325],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54327,54328],{},"Example with a loop:",[54,54330,54332],{"className":56,"code":54331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,54333,54334,54343,54347,54368,54387,54391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54335,54336,54339,54341],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54337,54338],{"class":69},"squares ",[63,54340,74],{"class":73},[63,54342,8156],{"class":81},[63,54344,54345],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54346,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54348,54349,54351,54353,54355,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54350,6277],{"class":1155},[63,54352,6706],{"class":69},[63,54354,4217],{"class":1155},[63,54356,54357],{"class":139}," range",[63,54359,113],{"class":81},[63,54361,86],{"class":85},[63,54363,89],{"class":81},[63,54365,4935],{"class":85},[63,54367,8657],{"class":81},[63,54369,54370,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54371,54372],{"class":69},"    squares",[63,54374,259],{"class":81},[63,54376,401],{"class":145},[63,54378,113],{"class":81},[63,54380,2553],{"class":145},[63,54382,40162],{"class":73},[63,54384,2532],{"class":145},[63,54386,126],{"class":81},[63,54388,54389],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,54390,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54392,54393,54395,54397,54400],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,54394,140],{"class":139},[63,54396,113],{"class":81},[63,54398,54399],{"class":145},"squares",[63,54401,126],{"class":81},[14,54403,163],{},[54,54405,54407],{"className":56,"code":54406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,54408,54409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54410,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54424,54426,54428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54412,173],{"class":81},[63,54414,86],{"class":85},[63,54416,89],{"class":81},[63,54418,705],{"class":85},[63,54420,89],{"class":81},[63,54422,54423],{"class":85}," 9",[63,54425,89],{"class":81},[63,54427,14286],{"class":85},[63,54429,186],{"class":81},[49,54431,2165],{"id":2164},[486,54433,54435],{"id":54434},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54437,46656,54438,54440,54441,259],{},[18,54439,1724],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,54442,4115],{},[486,54444,54446],{"id":54445},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54448,54449,54450,259],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[196,54451,54452],{"href":53631},[18,54453,53733],{},[486,54455,54457],{"id":54456},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54459,54460],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54462,2543],{},[54,54464,54466],{"className":56,"code":54465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,54467,54468,54484,54502,54506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54469,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54471,2097],{"class":69},[63,54473,74],{"class":73},[63,54475,1091],{"class":81},[63,54477,86],{"class":85},[63,54479,89],{"class":81},[63,54481,92],{"class":85},[63,54483,186],{"class":81},[63,54485,54486,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54487,2138],{"class":69},[63,54489,259],{"class":81},[63,54491,401],{"class":145},[63,54493,2071],{"class":81},[63,54495,1248],{"class":85},[63,54497,89],{"class":81},[63,54499,705],{"class":85},[63,54501,2080],{"class":81},[63,54503,54504],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54505,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54507,54508,54510,54512,54514],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54509,140],{"class":139},[63,54511,113],{"class":81},[63,54513,2138],{"class":145},[63,54515,126],{"class":81},[14,54517,163],{},[54,54519,54520],{"className":56,"code":53595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54521,54522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54523,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54525,173],{"class":81},[63,54527,86],{"class":85},[63,54529,89],{"class":81},[63,54531,92],{"class":85},[63,54533,89],{"class":81},[63,54535,1091],{"class":81},[63,54537,1248],{"class":85},[63,54539,89],{"class":81},[63,54541,705],{"class":85},[63,54543,1255],{"class":81},[486,54545,54547],{"id":54546},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54549,54550,54552,54553,54556],{},[18,54551,1724],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,54554,54555],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[49,54558,2219],{"id":2218},[29,54560,54561,54565,54569,54574,54578],{},[32,54562,54563],{},[196,54564,2257],{"href":1883},[32,54566,54567],{},[196,54568,53847],{"href":53631},[32,54570,54571],{},[196,54572,54573],{"href":54195},"Python list insert() method",[32,54575,54576],{},[196,54577,258],{"href":257},[32,54579,54580],{},[196,54581,54583],{"href":54582},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2259,54585,54586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":54588},[54589,54590,54591,54592,54593,54594,54600,54606,54607,54613],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":53022,"depth":103,"text":53023},{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":53340,"depth":103,"text":53341},{"id":53638,"depth":103,"text":53639,"children":54595},[54596,54598],{"id":53645,"depth":129,"text":54597},"Using append()",{"id":53730,"depth":129,"text":54599},"Using extend()",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":54601},[54602,54603,54604,54605],{"id":53852,"depth":129,"text":53853},{"id":54030,"depth":129,"text":54031},{"id":54091,"depth":129,"text":54092},{"id":54183,"depth":129,"text":54184},{"id":54303,"depth":103,"text":54304},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":54608},[54609,54610,54611,54612],{"id":54434,"depth":129,"text":54435},{"id":54445,"depth":129,"text":54446},{"id":54456,"depth":129,"text":54457},{"id":54546,"depth":129,"text":54547},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52934,"description":54614},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54621,"title":54622,"body":54623,"description":55866,"extension":2300,"meta":55867,"navigation":132,"path":55868,"seo":55869,"stem":55870,"__hash__":55871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54624,"toc":55831},[54625,54631,54637,54643,54645,54693,54698,54703,54707,54723,54729,54731,54734,54749,54751,54762,54764,54766,54823,54825,54833,54835,54851,54857,54859,54865,54869,54953,54956,55005,55012,55020,55023,55037,55050,55056,55131,55138,55145,55219,55227,55230,55241,55250,55254,55258,55269,55271,55348,55369,55371,55381,55384,55432,55434,55454,55457,55459,55510,55516,55523,55590,55596,55602,55605,55632,55637,55643,55646,55718,55721,55732,55738,55740,55746,55749,55755,55761,55768,55776,55782,55788,55790,55828],[10,54626,54628,54629,11629],{"id":54627},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,54630,11628],{},[14,54632,54633,54636],{},[18,54634,54635],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54638,54639,54640,54642],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1217,54641,11641],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[49,54644,3946],{"id":3945},[54,54646,54648],{"className":56,"code":54647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54649,54650,54670,54680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54651,54652,54654,54656,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666,54668],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54653,342],{"class":69},[63,54655,74],{"class":73},[63,54657,1091],{"class":81},[63,54659,86],{"class":85},[63,54661,89],{"class":81},[63,54663,92],{"class":85},[63,54665,89],{"class":81},[63,54667,97],{"class":85},[63,54669,186],{"class":81},[63,54671,54672,54674,54676,54678],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54673,357],{"class":69},[63,54675,259],{"class":81},[63,54677,11690],{"class":145},[63,54679,279],{"class":81},[63,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54683,140],{"class":139},[63,54685,113],{"class":81},[63,54687,357],{"class":145},[63,54689,3997],{"class":81},[63,54691,54692],{"class":1910},"  # []\n",[14,54694,222,54695,54697],{},[18,54696,11628],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[49,54699,4014,54701,4017],{"id":54700},"what-listclear-does",[18,54702,54635],{},[14,54704,54705,821],{},[18,54706,54635],{},[29,54708,54709,54712,54715,54720],{},[32,54710,54711],{},"Removes every item from a list",[32,54713,54714],{},"Changes the original list in place",[32,54716,54717,54718],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,54719,479],{},[32,54721,54722],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54724,54725,54726,54728],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,54727,11628],{},", but it contains no values.",[49,54730,263],{"id":262},[14,54732,54733],{},"Syntax:",[54,54735,54737],{"className":56,"code":54736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,54738,54739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54742,8654],{"class":69},[63,54744,259],{"class":81},[63,54746,11690],{"class":145},[63,54748,279],{"class":81},[14,54750,11766],{},[29,54752,54753,54756,54759],{},[32,54754,54755],{},"Call it on a list object",[32,54757,54758],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[32,54760,54761],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[49,54763,11783],{"id":11782},[14,54765,11786],{},[54,54767,54769],{"className":56,"code":54768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54770,54771,54795,54799,54809,54813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54772,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54774,70],{"class":69},[63,54776,74],{"class":73},[63,54778,1091],{"class":81},[63,54780,741],{"class":85},[63,54782,89],{"class":81},[63,54784,746],{"class":85},[63,54786,89],{"class":81},[63,54788,751],{"class":85},[63,54790,89],{"class":81},[63,54792,51136],{"class":85},[63,54794,186],{"class":81},[63,54796,54797],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54798,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54800,54801,54803,54805,54807],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54802,146],{"class":69},[63,54804,259],{"class":81},[63,54806,11690],{"class":145},[63,54808,279],{"class":81},[63,54810,54811],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54812,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54814,54815,54817,54819,54821],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,54816,140],{"class":139},[63,54818,113],{"class":81},[63,54820,146],{"class":145},[63,54822,126],{"class":81},[14,54824,163],{},[54,54826,54827],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,54828,54829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54830,54831],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54832,364],{"class":81},[14,54834,11992],{},[29,54836,54837,54842,54848],{},[32,54838,54839,54841],{},[18,54840,146],{}," starts with four items",[32,54843,54844,54847],{},[18,54845,54846],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[32,54849,54850],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54852,54853,54854,259],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[196,54855,258],{"href":54856},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[49,54858,17715],{"id":17714},[14,54860,54861,2732,54863,259],{},[18,54862,11628],{},[18,54864,4115],{},[14,54866,41196,54867,52958],{},[1217,54868,4961],{},[54,54870,54872],{"className":56,"code":54871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54873,54874,54906,54910,54924,54928,54941],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54875,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54877,342],{"class":69},[63,54879,74],{"class":73},[63,54881,1091],{"class":81},[63,54883,117],{"class":116},[63,54885,196],{"class":120},[63,54887,117],{"class":116},[63,54889,89],{"class":81},[63,54891,824],{"class":116},[63,54893,206],{"class":120},[63,54895,117],{"class":116},[63,54897,89],{"class":81},[63,54899,824],{"class":116},[63,54901,215],{"class":120},[63,54903,117],{"class":116},[63,54905,186],{"class":81},[63,54907,54908],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54909,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54911,54912,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54913,851],{"class":69},[63,54915,74],{"class":73},[63,54917,6285],{"class":69},[63,54919,259],{"class":81},[63,54921,11690],{"class":145},[63,54923,279],{"class":81},[63,54925,54926],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,54927,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,54929,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,54931,140],{"class":139},[63,54933,113],{"class":81},[63,54935,357],{"class":145},[63,54937,3997],{"class":81},[63,54939,54940],{"class":1910},"   # []\n",[63,54942,54943,54945,54947,54949,54951],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,54944,140],{"class":139},[63,54946,113],{"class":81},[63,54948,875],{"class":145},[63,54950,3997],{"class":81},[63,54952,21170],{"class":1910},[14,54954,54955],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[54,54957,54959],{"className":56,"code":54958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54960,54961,54981,54995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,54962,54963,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973,54975,54977,54979],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,54964,342],{"class":69},[63,54966,74],{"class":73},[63,54968,1091],{"class":81},[63,54970,86],{"class":85},[63,54972,89],{"class":81},[63,54974,92],{"class":85},[63,54976,89],{"class":81},[63,54978,97],{"class":85},[63,54980,186],{"class":81},[63,54982,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991,54993],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,54984,342],{"class":69},[63,54986,74],{"class":73},[63,54988,6285],{"class":69},[63,54990,259],{"class":81},[63,54992,11690],{"class":145},[63,54994,279],{"class":81},[63,54996,54997,54999,55001,55003],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,54998,140],{"class":139},[63,55000,113],{"class":81},[63,55002,357],{"class":145},[63,55004,126],{"class":81},[14,55006,12225,55007,42445,55009,55011],{},[18,55008,357],{},[18,55010,4115],{},", not an empty list.",[49,55013,55015,55017,55018],{"id":55014},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,55016,11628],{}," vs assigning ",[18,55019,479],{},[14,55021,55022],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[54,55024,55025],{"className":56,"code":54736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,55026,55027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55028,55029,55031,55033,55035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55030,8654],{"class":69},[63,55032,259],{"class":81},[63,55034,11690],{"class":145},[63,55036,279],{"class":81},[54,55038,55040],{"className":56,"code":55039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n",[18,55041,55042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55043,55044,55046,55048],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55045,8623],{"class":69},[63,55047,74],{"class":73},[63,55049,8156],{"class":81},[486,55051,55053,55055],{"id":55052},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,55054,11628],{}," empties the same list object",[54,55057,55059],{"className":56,"code":55058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,55060,55061,55081,55089,55093,55103,55107,55119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55062,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077,55079],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55064,2890],{"class":69},[63,55066,74],{"class":73},[63,55068,1091],{"class":81},[63,55070,86],{"class":85},[63,55072,89],{"class":81},[63,55074,92],{"class":85},[63,55076,89],{"class":81},[63,55078,97],{"class":85},[63,55080,186],{"class":81},[63,55082,55083,55085,55087],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55084,2918],{"class":69},[63,55086,74],{"class":73},[63,55088,36467],{"class":69},[63,55090,55091],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55092,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55094,55095,55097,55099,55101],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55096,196],{"class":69},[63,55098,259],{"class":81},[63,55100,11690],{"class":145},[63,55102,279],{"class":81},[63,55104,55105],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55106,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55108,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,55110,140],{"class":139},[63,55112,113],{"class":81},[63,55114,196],{"class":145},[63,55116,3997],{"class":81},[63,55118,54692],{"class":1910},[63,55120,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,55122,140],{"class":139},[63,55124,113],{"class":81},[63,55126,206],{"class":145},[63,55128,3997],{"class":81},[63,55130,54692],{"class":1910},[14,55132,10896,55133,4726,55135,55137],{},[18,55134,196],{},[18,55136,206],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[486,55139,55141,55144],{"id":55140},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,55142,55143],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[54,55146,55148],{"className":56,"code":55147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,55149,55150,55170,55178,55182,55190,55194,55206],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55151,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55153,2890],{"class":69},[63,55155,74],{"class":73},[63,55157,1091],{"class":81},[63,55159,86],{"class":85},[63,55161,89],{"class":81},[63,55163,92],{"class":85},[63,55165,89],{"class":81},[63,55167,97],{"class":85},[63,55169,186],{"class":81},[63,55171,55172,55174,55176],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55173,2918],{"class":69},[63,55175,74],{"class":73},[63,55177,36467],{"class":69},[63,55179,55180],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55181,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55183,55184,55186,55188],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55185,2890],{"class":69},[63,55187,74],{"class":73},[63,55189,8156],{"class":81},[63,55191,55192],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55193,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55195,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,55197,140],{"class":139},[63,55199,113],{"class":81},[63,55201,196],{"class":145},[63,55203,3997],{"class":81},[63,55205,54692],{"class":1910},[63,55207,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,55209,140],{"class":139},[63,55211,113],{"class":81},[63,55213,206],{"class":145},[63,55215,3997],{"class":81},[63,55217,55218],{"class":1910},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55220,21065,55221,55223,55224,55226],{},[18,55222,196],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,55225,206],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55228,55229],{},"This difference matters when:",[29,55231,55232,55235,55238],{},[32,55233,55234],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[32,55236,55237],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[32,55239,55240],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55242,55243,55244,259],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[196,55245,55247,55248,11046],{"href":55246},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,55249,13084],{},[49,55251,5292,55252],{"id":12744},[18,55253,11628],{},[14,55255,222,55256,6637],{},[18,55257,11628],{},[29,55259,55260,55263,55266],{},[32,55261,55262],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[32,55264,55265],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[32,55267,55268],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55270,2543],{},[54,55272,55274],{"className":56,"code":55273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,55275,55276,55312,55316,55321,55332,55336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55277,55278,55281,55283,55285,55287,55290,55292,55294,55296,55299,55301,55303,55305,55308,55310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55279,55280],{"class":69},"shopping_cart ",[63,55282,74],{"class":73},[63,55284,1091],{"class":81},[63,55286,117],{"class":116},[63,55288,55289],{"class":120},"milk",[63,55291,117],{"class":116},[63,55293,89],{"class":81},[63,55295,824],{"class":116},[63,55297,55298],{"class":120},"bread",[63,55300,117],{"class":116},[63,55302,89],{"class":81},[63,55304,824],{"class":116},[63,55306,55307],{"class":120},"eggs",[63,55309,117],{"class":116},[63,55311,186],{"class":81},[63,55313,55314],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55315,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55317,55318],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55319,55320],{"class":1910},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[63,55322,55323,55326,55328,55330],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55324,55325],{"class":69},"shopping_cart",[63,55327,259],{"class":81},[63,55329,11690],{"class":145},[63,55331,279],{"class":81},[63,55333,55334],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55335,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55337,55338,55340,55342,55344,55346],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,55339,140],{"class":139},[63,55341,113],{"class":81},[63,55343,55325],{"class":145},[63,55345,3997],{"class":81},[63,55347,54692],{"class":1910},[14,55349,55350,55351,55355,55356,55362,55363,259],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[196,55352,55354],{"href":55353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[196,55357,55359,11046],{"href":55358},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,55360,55361],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[196,55364,55366,11046],{"href":55365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,55367,55368],{},"list.pop()",[49,55370,1888],{"id":1887},[486,55372,55374,55375,11398,55378],{"id":55373},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,55376,55377],{},"my_list.clear",[18,55379,55380],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55382,55383],{},"This does not call the method.",[54,55385,55387],{"className":56,"code":55386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,55388,55389,55409,55413,55422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55390,55391,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55392,342],{"class":69},[63,55394,74],{"class":73},[63,55396,1091],{"class":81},[63,55398,86],{"class":85},[63,55400,89],{"class":81},[63,55402,92],{"class":85},[63,55404,89],{"class":81},[63,55406,97],{"class":85},[63,55408,186],{"class":81},[63,55410,55411],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55412,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55414,55415,55417,55419],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55416,357],{"class":69},[63,55418,259],{"class":81},[63,55420,55421],{"class":25042},"clear\n",[63,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55425,140],{"class":139},[63,55427,113],{"class":81},[63,55429,357],{"class":145},[63,55431,126],{"class":81},[14,55433,163],{},[54,55435,55436],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,55437,55438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55439,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55441,173],{"class":81},[63,55443,86],{"class":85},[63,55445,89],{"class":81},[63,55447,92],{"class":85},[63,55449,89],{"class":81},[63,55451,97],{"class":85},[63,55453,186],{"class":81},[14,55455,55456],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55458,11113],{},[54,55460,55462],{"className":56,"code":55461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,55463,55464,55484,55488,55498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55465,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480,55482],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55467,342],{"class":69},[63,55469,74],{"class":73},[63,55471,1091],{"class":81},[63,55473,86],{"class":85},[63,55475,89],{"class":81},[63,55477,92],{"class":85},[63,55479,89],{"class":81},[63,55481,97],{"class":85},[63,55483,186],{"class":81},[63,55485,55486],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55487,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55489,55490,55492,55494,55496],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55491,357],{"class":69},[63,55493,259],{"class":81},[63,55495,11690],{"class":145},[63,55497,279],{"class":81},[63,55499,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55501,140],{"class":139},[63,55503,113],{"class":81},[63,55505,357],{"class":145},[63,55507,3997],{"class":81},[63,55509,54692],{"class":1910},[486,55511,8769,55513,55515],{"id":55512},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,55514,11628],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55517,55518,2732,55520,55522],{},[18,55519,11628],{},[18,55521,4115],{},", not the list.",[54,55524,55526],{"className":56,"code":55525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,55527,55528,55548,55562,55566,55578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55529,55530,55532,55534,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55531,342],{"class":69},[63,55533,74],{"class":73},[63,55535,1091],{"class":81},[63,55537,86],{"class":85},[63,55539,89],{"class":81},[63,55541,92],{"class":85},[63,55543,89],{"class":81},[63,55545,97],{"class":85},[63,55547,186],{"class":81},[63,55549,55550,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55551,851],{"class":69},[63,55553,74],{"class":73},[63,55555,6285],{"class":69},[63,55557,259],{"class":81},[63,55559,11690],{"class":145},[63,55561,279],{"class":81},[63,55563,55564],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55565,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55567,55568,55570,55572,55574,55576],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55569,140],{"class":139},[63,55571,113],{"class":81},[63,55573,875],{"class":145},[63,55575,3997],{"class":81},[63,55577,21170],{"class":1910},[63,55579,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55581,140],{"class":139},[63,55583,113],{"class":81},[63,55585,357],{"class":145},[63,55587,3997],{"class":81},[63,55589,54940],{"class":1910},[486,55591,8733,55593,55595],{"id":55592},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,55594,11628],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55597,55598,55599,55601],{},"Some types have a ",[18,55600,11628],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55603,55604],{},"This will fail:",[54,55606,55608],{"className":56,"code":55607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,55609,55610,55622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55611,55612,55614,55616,55618,55620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55613,34981],{"class":69},[63,55615,74],{"class":73},[63,55617,824],{"class":116},[63,55619,1995],{"class":120},[63,55621,3694],{"class":116},[63,55623,55624,55626,55628,55630],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55625,35002],{"class":69},[63,55627,259],{"class":81},[63,55629,11690],{"class":145},[63,55631,279],{"class":81},[14,55633,55634,55635,33893],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,55636,11628],{},[14,55638,55639,55640,55642],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,55641,4115],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55644,55645],{},"Useful checks:",[54,55647,55649],{"className":56,"code":55648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,55650,55651,55661,55675,55689,55698,55708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55652,55653,55655,55657,55659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55654,140],{"class":139},[63,55656,113],{"class":81},[63,55658,8654],{"class":145},[63,55660,126],{"class":81},[63,55662,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55664,140],{"class":139},[63,55666,113],{"class":81},[63,55668,3557],{"class":77},[63,55670,113],{"class":81},[63,55672,8654],{"class":145},[63,55674,100],{"class":81},[63,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55678,140],{"class":139},[63,55680,113],{"class":81},[63,55682,12956],{"class":139},[63,55684,113],{"class":81},[63,55686,8654],{"class":145},[63,55688,100],{"class":81},[63,55690,55691,55693,55695],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55692,43840],{"class":69},[63,55694,74],{"class":73},[63,55696,55697],{"class":69}," my_list\n",[63,55699,55700,55702,55704,55706],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55701,8654],{"class":69},[63,55703,259],{"class":81},[63,55705,11690],{"class":145},[63,55707,279],{"class":81},[63,55709,55710,55712,55714,55716],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,55711,140],{"class":139},[63,55713,113],{"class":81},[63,55715,31034],{"class":145},[63,55717,126],{"class":81},[14,55719,55720],{},"These can help you see:",[29,55722,55723,55726,55729],{},[32,55724,55725],{},"What the variable currently contains",[32,55727,55728],{},"Whether it is really a list",[32,55730,55731],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55733,55734,55735,259],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[196,55736,55737],{"href":54582},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[49,55739,2165],{"id":2164},[486,55741,13011,55743,55745],{"id":55742},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,55744,54635],{}," delete the list?",[14,55747,55748],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[486,55750,13011,55752,55754],{"id":55751},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,55753,54635],{}," return a new list?",[14,55756,55757,55758,55760],{},"No. It returns ",[18,55759,4115],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[486,55762,2169,55764,4726,55766,2827],{"id":55763},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55765,11628],{},[18,55767,55143],{},[14,55769,55770,55772,55773,55775],{},[18,55771,11628],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55774,55143],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[486,55777,28619,55779,55781],{"id":55778},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55780,11628],{}," on other types?",[14,55783,55784,55785,55787],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55786,11628],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[49,55789,2219],{"id":2218},[29,55791,55792,55796,55801,55808,55815,55821],{},[32,55793,55794],{},[196,55795,258],{"href":54856},[32,55797,55798],{},[196,55799,55800],{"href":55353},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[32,55802,55803],{},[196,55804,55805,55806,11046],{"href":55365},"Python list ",[18,55807,13070],{},[32,55809,55810],{},[196,55811,55805,55812,11046],{"href":55358},[18,55813,55814],{},"remove()",[32,55816,55817],{},[196,55818,55805,55819,11046],{"href":55246},[18,55820,13084],{},[32,55822,55823],{},[196,55824,30639,55825,33926],{"href":54582},[18,55826,55827],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2259,55829,55830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":55014,"depth":103,"text":55840,"children":55841},"clear() vs assigning []",[55842,55844],{"id":55052,"depth":129,"text":55843},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55140,"depth":129,"text":55845},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12744,"depth":103,"text":13116},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":55848},[55849,55851,55853],{"id":55373,"depth":129,"text":55850},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55512,"depth":129,"text":55852},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55592,"depth":129,"text":55854},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":55856},[55857,55859,55861,55863],{"id":55742,"depth":129,"text":55858},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55751,"depth":129,"text":55860},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55763,"depth":129,"text":55862},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55778,"depth":129,"text":55864},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54622,"description":55866},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55873,"title":55874,"body":55875,"description":57555,"extension":2300,"meta":57556,"navigation":132,"path":57557,"seo":57558,"stem":57559,"__hash__":57560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55876,"toc":57523},[55877,55882,55888,55896,55898,55987,55994,55999,56003,56017,56019,56096,56098,56159,56162,56164,56166,56187,56190,56204,56207,56252,56254,56262,56265,56271,56277,56280,56357,56359,56404,56407,56412,56495,56497,56538,56543,56547,56553,56555,56563,56566,56657,56659,56715,56718,56734,56739,56749,56754,56756,56761,56766,56769,56771,56828,56831,56884,56890,56895,56899,56916,56918,57002,57004,57045,57053,57055,57059,57065,57067,57130,57135,57205,57209,57244,57247,57249,57288,57292,57368,57374,57380,57385,57407,57410,57429,57437,57439,57445,57448,57455,57463,57468,57471,57475,57481,57489,57492,57494,57520],[10,55878,54628,55880,11629],{"id":55879},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55881,13084],{},[14,55883,55884,55887],{},[18,55885,55886],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55889,55890,55891,14352,55893,55895],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55892,74],{},[1217,55894,4961],{}," make a real copy.",[49,55897,52],{"id":51},[54,55899,55901],{"className":56,"code":55900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55902,55903,55923,55938,55942,55957,55961,55974],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,55904,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,55906,70],{"class":69},[63,55908,74],{"class":73},[63,55910,1091],{"class":81},[63,55912,86],{"class":85},[63,55914,89],{"class":81},[63,55916,92],{"class":85},[63,55918,89],{"class":81},[63,55920,97],{"class":85},[63,55922,186],{"class":81},[63,55924,55925,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,55926,55927],{"class":69},"new_numbers ",[63,55929,74],{"class":73},[63,55931,4595],{"class":69},[63,55933,259],{"class":81},[63,55935,13216],{"class":145},[63,55937,279],{"class":81},[63,55939,55940],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,55941,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55943,55944,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,55945,55946],{"class":69},"new_numbers",[63,55948,259],{"class":81},[63,55950,401],{"class":145},[63,55952,113],{"class":81},[63,55954,2840],{"class":85},[63,55956,126],{"class":81},[63,55958,55959],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,55960,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,55962,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,55964,140],{"class":139},[63,55966,113],{"class":81},[63,55968,146],{"class":145},[63,55970,3997],{"class":81},[63,55972,55973],{"class":1910},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[63,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,55977,140],{"class":139},[63,55979,113],{"class":81},[63,55981,55946],{"class":145},[63,55983,3997],{"class":81},[63,55985,55986],{"class":1910},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55988,222,55989,55991,55992,259],{},[18,55990,55886],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1217,55993,1219],{},[49,55995,4014,55997,4017],{"id":55996},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55998,55886],{},[14,56000,56001,821],{},[18,56002,55886],{},[29,56004,56005,56008,56011,56014],{},[32,56006,56007],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[32,56009,56010],{},"Returns that new list",[32,56012,56013],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[32,56015,56016],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,56018,2543],{},[54,56020,56022],{"className":56,"code":56021,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,56023,56024,56056,56071,56075,56085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56025,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56027,36529],{"class":69},[63,56029,74],{"class":73},[63,56031,1091],{"class":81},[63,56033,117],{"class":116},[63,56035,408],{"class":120},[63,56037,117],{"class":116},[63,56039,89],{"class":81},[63,56041,824],{"class":116},[63,56043,427],{"class":120},[63,56045,117],{"class":116},[63,56047,89],{"class":81},[63,56049,824],{"class":116},[63,56051,33513],{"class":120},[63,56053,117],{"class":116},[63,56055,186],{"class":81},[63,56057,56058,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56059,56060],{"class":69},"copied_fruits ",[63,56062,74],{"class":73},[63,56064,53141],{"class":69},[63,56066,259],{"class":81},[63,56068,13216],{"class":145},[63,56070,279],{"class":81},[63,56072,56073],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56074,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56076,56077,56079,56081,56083],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56078,140],{"class":139},[63,56080,113],{"class":81},[63,56082,36581],{"class":145},[63,56084,126],{"class":81},[63,56086,56087,56089,56091,56094],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,56088,140],{"class":139},[63,56090,113],{"class":81},[63,56092,56093],{"class":145},"copied_fruits",[63,56095,126],{"class":81},[14,56097,163],{},[54,56099,56101],{"className":56,"code":56100,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,56102,56103,56131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56104,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56106,173],{"class":81},[63,56108,193],{"class":116},[63,56110,408],{"class":120},[63,56112,193],{"class":116},[63,56114,89],{"class":81},[63,56116,203],{"class":116},[63,56118,427],{"class":120},[63,56120,193],{"class":116},[63,56122,89],{"class":81},[63,56124,203],{"class":116},[63,56126,33513],{"class":120},[63,56128,193],{"class":116},[63,56130,186],{"class":81},[63,56132,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56134,173],{"class":81},[63,56136,193],{"class":116},[63,56138,408],{"class":120},[63,56140,193],{"class":116},[63,56142,89],{"class":81},[63,56144,203],{"class":116},[63,56146,427],{"class":120},[63,56148,193],{"class":116},[63,56150,89],{"class":81},[63,56152,203],{"class":116},[63,56154,33513],{"class":120},[63,56156,193],{"class":116},[63,56158,186],{"class":81},[14,56160,56161],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[49,56163,263],{"id":262},[14,56165,2495],{},[54,56167,56169],{"className":56,"code":56168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,56170,56171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56172,56173,56176,56178,56181,56183,56185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56174,56175],{"class":69},"new_list ",[63,56177,74],{"class":73},[63,56179,56180],{"class":69}," old_list",[63,56182,259],{"class":81},[63,56184,13216],{"class":145},[63,56186,279],{"class":81},[14,56188,56189],{},"How it works:",[29,56191,56192,56198,56201],{},[32,56193,56194,56195,56197],{},"Call ",[18,56196,13084],{}," on an existing list",[32,56199,56200],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[32,56202,56203],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56205,56206],{},"Example with an empty list:",[54,56208,56210],{"className":56,"code":56209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,56211,56212,56221,56237,56241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56213,56214,56217,56219],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56215,56216],{"class":69},"empty_list ",[63,56218,74],{"class":73},[63,56220,8156],{"class":81},[63,56222,56223,56226,56228,56231,56233,56235],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56224,56225],{"class":69},"new_empty_list ",[63,56227,74],{"class":73},[63,56229,56230],{"class":69}," empty_list",[63,56232,259],{"class":81},[63,56234,13216],{"class":145},[63,56236,279],{"class":81},[63,56238,56239],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56240,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56242,56243,56245,56247,56250],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56244,140],{"class":139},[63,56246,113],{"class":81},[63,56248,56249],{"class":145},"new_empty_list",[63,56251,126],{"class":81},[14,56253,163],{},[54,56255,56256],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,56257,56258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56259,56260],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56261,364],{"class":81},[14,56263,56264],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[49,56266,56268,56269],{"id":56267},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,56270,74],{},[14,56272,8733,56273,14352,56275,52958],{},[18,56274,74],{},[1217,56276,4961],{},[14,56278,56279],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[54,56281,56283],{"className":56,"code":56282,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,56284,56285,56305,56314,56318,56333,56337,56347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56286,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56288,70],{"class":69},[63,56290,74],{"class":73},[63,56292,1091],{"class":81},[63,56294,86],{"class":85},[63,56296,89],{"class":81},[63,56298,92],{"class":85},[63,56300,89],{"class":81},[63,56302,97],{"class":85},[63,56304,186],{"class":81},[63,56306,56307,56310,56312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56308,56309],{"class":69},"same_list ",[63,56311,74],{"class":73},[63,56313,44273],{"class":69},[63,56315,56316],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56317,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56319,56320,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56321,56322],{"class":69},"same_list",[63,56324,259],{"class":81},[63,56326,401],{"class":145},[63,56328,113],{"class":81},[63,56330,2840],{"class":85},[63,56332,126],{"class":81},[63,56334,56335],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,56336,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56338,56339,56341,56343,56345],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,56340,140],{"class":139},[63,56342,113],{"class":81},[63,56344,146],{"class":145},[63,56346,126],{"class":81},[63,56348,56349,56351,56353,56355],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,56350,140],{"class":139},[63,56352,113],{"class":81},[63,56354,56322],{"class":145},[63,56356,126],{"class":81},[14,56358,163],{},[54,56360,56362],{"className":56,"code":56361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56363,56364,56384],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56367,173],{"class":81},[63,56369,86],{"class":85},[63,56371,89],{"class":81},[63,56373,92],{"class":85},[63,56375,89],{"class":81},[63,56377,97],{"class":85},[63,56379,89],{"class":81},[63,56381,705],{"class":85},[63,56383,186],{"class":81},[63,56385,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56387,173],{"class":81},[63,56389,86],{"class":85},[63,56391,89],{"class":81},[63,56393,92],{"class":85},[63,56395,89],{"class":81},[63,56397,97],{"class":85},[63,56399,89],{"class":81},[63,56401,705],{"class":85},[63,56403,186],{"class":81},[14,56405,56406],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56408,56409,56410,821],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,56411,13084],{},[54,56413,56415],{"className":56,"code":56414,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,56416,56417,56437,56452,56456,56471,56475,56485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56418,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56420,70],{"class":69},[63,56422,74],{"class":73},[63,56424,1091],{"class":81},[63,56426,86],{"class":85},[63,56428,89],{"class":81},[63,56430,92],{"class":85},[63,56432,89],{"class":81},[63,56434,97],{"class":85},[63,56436,186],{"class":81},[63,56438,56439,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56440,56441],{"class":69},"copied_numbers ",[63,56443,74],{"class":73},[63,56445,4595],{"class":69},[63,56447,259],{"class":81},[63,56449,13216],{"class":145},[63,56451,279],{"class":81},[63,56453,56454],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56455,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56457,56458,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56459,56460],{"class":69},"copied_numbers",[63,56462,259],{"class":81},[63,56464,401],{"class":145},[63,56466,113],{"class":81},[63,56468,2840],{"class":85},[63,56470,126],{"class":81},[63,56472,56473],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,56474,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,56478,140],{"class":139},[63,56480,113],{"class":81},[63,56482,146],{"class":145},[63,56484,126],{"class":81},[63,56486,56487,56489,56491,56493],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,56488,140],{"class":139},[63,56490,113],{"class":81},[63,56492,56460],{"class":145},[63,56494,126],{"class":81},[14,56496,163],{},[54,56498,56500],{"className":56,"code":56499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56501,56502,56518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56503,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514,56516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56505,173],{"class":81},[63,56507,86],{"class":85},[63,56509,89],{"class":81},[63,56511,92],{"class":85},[63,56513,89],{"class":81},[63,56515,97],{"class":85},[63,56517,186],{"class":81},[63,56519,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534,56536],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56521,173],{"class":81},[63,56523,86],{"class":85},[63,56525,89],{"class":81},[63,56527,92],{"class":85},[63,56529,89],{"class":81},[63,56531,97],{"class":85},[63,56533,89],{"class":81},[63,56535,705],{"class":85},[63,56537,186],{"class":81},[14,56539,56540,56541,259],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[196,56542,258],{"href":257},[49,56544,56546],{"id":56545},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56548,56549,13155,56551,259],{},[18,56550,55886],{},[1217,56552,1219],{},[14,56554,2444],{},[29,56556,56557,56560],{},[32,56558,56559],{},"The outer list is new",[32,56561,56562],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56564,56565],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[54,56567,56569],{"className":56,"code":56568,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,56570,56571,56597,56611,56615,56633,56637,56647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56572,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56574,1086],{"class":69},[63,56576,74],{"class":73},[63,56578,1234],{"class":81},[63,56580,86],{"class":85},[63,56582,89],{"class":81},[63,56584,92],{"class":85},[63,56586,1243],{"class":81},[63,56588,1091],{"class":81},[63,56590,1248],{"class":85},[63,56592,89],{"class":81},[63,56594,705],{"class":85},[63,56596,1255],{"class":81},[63,56598,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56600,1108],{"class":69},[63,56602,74],{"class":73},[63,56604,12468],{"class":69},[63,56606,259],{"class":81},[63,56608,13216],{"class":145},[63,56610,279],{"class":81},[63,56612,56613],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56614,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56616,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56618,1142],{"class":69},[63,56620,173],{"class":81},[63,56622,687],{"class":85},[63,56624,1284],{"class":81},[63,56626,401],{"class":145},[63,56628,113],{"class":81},[63,56630,1291],{"class":85},[63,56632,126],{"class":81},[63,56634,56635],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,56636,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,56640,140],{"class":139},[63,56642,113],{"class":81},[63,56644,1117],{"class":145},[63,56646,126],{"class":81},[63,56648,56649,56651,56653,56655],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,56650,140],{"class":139},[63,56652,113],{"class":81},[63,56654,1142],{"class":145},[63,56656,126],{"class":81},[14,56658,163],{},[54,56660,56661],{"className":56,"code":1323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,56662,56663,56689],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56666,1330],{"class":81},[63,56668,86],{"class":85},[63,56670,89],{"class":81},[63,56672,92],{"class":85},[63,56674,89],{"class":81},[63,56676,1341],{"class":85},[63,56678,1243],{"class":81},[63,56680,1091],{"class":81},[63,56682,1248],{"class":85},[63,56684,89],{"class":81},[63,56686,705],{"class":85},[63,56688,1255],{"class":81},[63,56690,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56692,1330],{"class":81},[63,56694,86],{"class":85},[63,56696,89],{"class":81},[63,56698,92],{"class":85},[63,56700,89],{"class":81},[63,56702,1341],{"class":85},[63,56704,1243],{"class":81},[63,56706,1091],{"class":81},[63,56708,1248],{"class":85},[63,56710,89],{"class":81},[63,56712,705],{"class":85},[63,56714,1255],{"class":81},[14,56716,56717],{},"Why did both change?",[29,56719,56720,56727],{},[32,56721,56722,4726,56724,56726],{},[18,56723,1117],{},[18,56725,1142],{}," are different outer lists",[32,56728,56729,56730,56733],{},"But the inner list ",[18,56731,56732],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56735,53940,56736,56738],{},[18,56737,13084],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[29,56740,56741,56744,56747],{},[32,56742,56743],{},"Numbers",[32,56745,56746],{},"Strings",[32,56748,40885],{},[14,56750,56751,56752,259],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[196,56753,1389],{"href":1388},[49,56755,17715],{"id":17714},[14,56757,56758,56760],{},[18,56759,55886],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56762,41196,56763,56765],{},[1217,56764,4961],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56767,56768],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56770,16953],{},[54,56772,56774],{"className":56,"code":56773,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56775,56776,56800,56814,56818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56777,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56779,13381],{"class":69},[63,56781,74],{"class":73},[63,56783,1091],{"class":81},[63,56785,117],{"class":116},[63,56787,13398],{"class":120},[63,56789,117],{"class":116},[63,56791,89],{"class":81},[63,56793,824],{"class":116},[63,56795,13415],{"class":120},[63,56797,117],{"class":116},[63,56799,186],{"class":81},[63,56801,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56803,13424],{"class":69},[63,56805,74],{"class":73},[63,56807,13429],{"class":69},[63,56809,259],{"class":81},[63,56811,13216],{"class":145},[63,56813,279],{"class":81},[63,56815,56816],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56817,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56819,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56821,140],{"class":139},[63,56823,113],{"class":81},[63,56825,13448],{"class":145},[63,56827,126],{"class":81},[14,56829,56830],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[54,56832,56834],{"className":56,"code":56833,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56835,56836,56860,56870,56874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56837,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56839,13381],{"class":69},[63,56841,74],{"class":73},[63,56843,1091],{"class":81},[63,56845,117],{"class":116},[63,56847,13398],{"class":120},[63,56849,117],{"class":116},[63,56851,89],{"class":81},[63,56853,824],{"class":116},[63,56855,13415],{"class":120},[63,56857,117],{"class":116},[63,56859,186],{"class":81},[63,56861,56862,56864,56866,56868],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56863,17799],{"class":69},[63,56865,259],{"class":81},[63,56867,13216],{"class":145},[63,56869,279],{"class":81},[63,56871,56872],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56873,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56875,56876,56878,56880,56882],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56877,140],{"class":139},[63,56879,113],{"class":81},[63,56881,17799],{"class":145},[63,56883,126],{"class":81},[14,56885,56886,56887,56889],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56888,13084],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[49,56891,5292,56893],{"id":56892},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56894,55886],{},[14,56896,222,56897,1716],{},[18,56898,55886],{},[29,56900,56901,56904,56907,56910],{},[32,56902,56903],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[32,56905,56906],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[32,56908,56909],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[32,56911,56912,56913],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56914,56915],{},"[:]",[14,56917,2543],{},[54,56919,56921],{"className":56,"code":56920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56922,56923,56943,56958,56962,56977,56981,56991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,56924,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,56926,1781],{"class":69},[63,56928,74],{"class":73},[63,56930,1091],{"class":81},[63,56932,741],{"class":85},[63,56934,89],{"class":81},[63,56936,746],{"class":85},[63,56938,89],{"class":81},[63,56940,751],{"class":85},[63,56942,186],{"class":81},[63,56944,56945,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,56946,56947],{"class":69},"backup_scores ",[63,56949,74],{"class":73},[63,56951,1823],{"class":69},[63,56953,259],{"class":81},[63,56955,13216],{"class":145},[63,56957,279],{"class":81},[63,56959,56960],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,56961,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56963,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56975],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,56965,16686],{"class":69},[63,56967,259],{"class":81},[63,56969,401],{"class":145},[63,56971,113],{"class":81},[63,56973,56974],{"class":85},"40",[63,56976,126],{"class":81},[63,56978,56979],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,56980,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,56982,56983,56985,56987,56989],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,56984,140],{"class":139},[63,56986,113],{"class":81},[63,56988,16686],{"class":145},[63,56990,126],{"class":81},[63,56992,56993,56995,56997,57000],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,56994,140],{"class":139},[63,56996,113],{"class":81},[63,56998,56999],{"class":145},"backup_scores",[63,57001,126],{"class":81},[14,57003,163],{},[54,57005,57007],{"className":56,"code":57006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,57008,57009,57029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57010,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57012,173],{"class":81},[63,57014,741],{"class":85},[63,57016,89],{"class":81},[63,57018,746],{"class":85},[63,57020,89],{"class":81},[63,57022,751],{"class":85},[63,57024,89],{"class":81},[63,57026,51136],{"class":85},[63,57028,186],{"class":81},[63,57030,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57032,173],{"class":81},[63,57034,741],{"class":85},[63,57036,89],{"class":81},[63,57038,746],{"class":85},[63,57040,89],{"class":81},[63,57042,751],{"class":85},[63,57044,186],{"class":81},[14,57046,57047,57048,259],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[196,57049,55805,57051,11046],{"href":57050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,57052,1724],{},[49,57054,1888],{"id":1887},[14,57056,1891,57057,259],{},[18,57058,55886],{},[486,57060,8733,57062,57064],{"id":57061},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,57063,74],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,57066,39488],{},[54,57068,57070],{"className":56,"code":57069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,57071,57072,57092,57100,57114,57118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57073,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57075,2890],{"class":69},[63,57077,74],{"class":73},[63,57079,1091],{"class":81},[63,57081,86],{"class":85},[63,57083,89],{"class":81},[63,57085,92],{"class":85},[63,57087,89],{"class":81},[63,57089,97],{"class":85},[63,57091,186],{"class":81},[63,57093,57094,57096,57098],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57095,2918],{"class":69},[63,57097,74],{"class":73},[63,57099,36467],{"class":69},[63,57101,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,57103,206],{"class":69},[63,57105,259],{"class":81},[63,57107,401],{"class":145},[63,57109,113],{"class":81},[63,57111,2840],{"class":85},[63,57113,126],{"class":81},[63,57115,57116],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,57117,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,57119,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,57121,140],{"class":139},[63,57123,113],{"class":81},[63,57125,196],{"class":145},[63,57127,3997],{"class":81},[63,57129,55986],{"class":1910},[14,57131,57132,57133,6951],{},"Fix: use ",[18,57134,13084],{},[54,57136,57138],{"className":56,"code":57137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,57139,57140,57160,57175,57189,57193],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57141,57142,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57143,2890],{"class":69},[63,57145,74],{"class":73},[63,57147,1091],{"class":81},[63,57149,86],{"class":85},[63,57151,89],{"class":81},[63,57153,92],{"class":85},[63,57155,89],{"class":81},[63,57157,97],{"class":85},[63,57159,186],{"class":81},[63,57161,57162,57164,57166,57169,57171,57173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57163,2918],{"class":69},[63,57165,74],{"class":73},[63,57167,57168],{"class":69}," a",[63,57170,259],{"class":81},[63,57172,13216],{"class":145},[63,57174,279],{"class":81},[63,57176,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,57178,206],{"class":69},[63,57180,259],{"class":81},[63,57182,401],{"class":145},[63,57184,113],{"class":81},[63,57186,2840],{"class":85},[63,57188,126],{"class":81},[63,57190,57191],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,57192,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,57194,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,57196,140],{"class":139},[63,57198,113],{"class":81},[63,57200,196],{"class":145},[63,57202,3997],{"class":81},[63,57204,55218],{"class":1910},[486,57206,57208],{"id":57207},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[54,57210,57212],{"className":56,"code":57211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,57213,57214,57234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57215,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57217,70],{"class":69},[63,57219,74],{"class":73},[63,57221,1091],{"class":81},[63,57223,86],{"class":85},[63,57225,89],{"class":81},[63,57227,92],{"class":85},[63,57229,89],{"class":81},[63,57231,97],{"class":85},[63,57233,186],{"class":81},[63,57235,57236,57238,57240,57242],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57237,146],{"class":69},[63,57239,259],{"class":81},[63,57241,13216],{"class":145},[63,57243,279],{"class":81},[14,57245,57246],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57248,39551],{},[54,57250,57252],{"className":56,"code":57251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,57253,57254,57274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57255,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57257,70],{"class":69},[63,57259,74],{"class":73},[63,57261,1091],{"class":81},[63,57263,86],{"class":85},[63,57265,89],{"class":81},[63,57267,92],{"class":85},[63,57269,89],{"class":81},[63,57271,97],{"class":85},[63,57273,186],{"class":81},[63,57275,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57277,56441],{"class":69},[63,57279,74],{"class":73},[63,57281,4595],{"class":69},[63,57283,259],{"class":81},[63,57285,13216],{"class":145},[63,57287,279],{"class":81},[486,57289,57291],{"id":57290},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[54,57293,57295],{"className":56,"code":57294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,57296,57297,57315,57329,57333,57351,57355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57298,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57300,2890],{"class":69},[63,57302,74],{"class":73},[63,57304,1234],{"class":81},[63,57306,86],{"class":85},[63,57308,1243],{"class":81},[63,57310,1091],{"class":81},[63,57312,2394],{"class":85},[63,57314,1255],{"class":81},[63,57316,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57318,2918],{"class":69},[63,57320,74],{"class":73},[63,57322,57168],{"class":69},[63,57324,259],{"class":81},[63,57326,13216],{"class":145},[63,57328,279],{"class":81},[63,57330,57331],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,57332,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,57334,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,57336,206],{"class":69},[63,57338,173],{"class":81},[63,57340,687],{"class":85},[63,57342,1284],{"class":81},[63,57344,401],{"class":145},[63,57346,113],{"class":81},[63,57348,1291],{"class":85},[63,57350,126],{"class":81},[63,57352,57353],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,57354,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,57356,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,57358,140],{"class":139},[63,57360,113],{"class":81},[63,57362,196],{"class":145},[63,57364,3997],{"class":81},[63,57366,57367],{"class":1910},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57369,57370,57371,57373],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,57372,55886],{}," is shallow.",[486,57375,25907,57377,57379],{"id":57376},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,57378,13084],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57381,57382,57384],{},[18,57383,13084],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[54,57386,57388],{"className":56,"code":57387,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,57389,57390,57402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57391,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57393,8194],{"class":69},[63,57395,74],{"class":73},[63,57397,824],{"class":116},[63,57399,5334],{"class":120},[63,57401,3694],{"class":116},[63,57403,57404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57405,57406],{"class":1910},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57408,57409],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[54,57411,57413],{"className":56,"code":57412,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(name))\n",[18,57414,57415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57416,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57418,140],{"class":139},[63,57420,113],{"class":81},[63,57422,3557],{"class":77},[63,57424,113],{"class":81},[63,57426,816],{"class":145},[63,57428,100],{"class":81},[14,57430,57431,57432,57436],{},"You can also review ",[196,57433,57435],{"href":57434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[49,57438,2165],{"id":2164},[486,57440,13011,57442,57444],{"id":57441},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,57443,55886],{}," change the original list?",[14,57446,57447],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[486,57449,2169,57451,4726,57453,2827],{"id":57450},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,57452,55886],{},[18,57454,74],{},[14,57456,57457,57459,57460,57462],{},[18,57458,13084],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,57461,74],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[486,57464,15199,57466,15202],{"id":57465},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,57467,55886],{},[14,57469,57470],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[486,57472,57474],{"id":57473},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57476,42442,57477,57480],{},[18,57478,57479],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[486,57482,15199,57484,57486,57487,2827],{"id":57483},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,57485,55886],{}," the same as ",[18,57488,56915],{},[14,57490,57491],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[49,57493,2219],{"id":2218},[29,57495,57496,57501,57505,57510,57516],{},[32,57497,57498],{},[196,57499,15261],{"href":57500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,57502,57503],{},[196,57504,258],{"href":257},[32,57506,57507],{},[196,57508,57509],{"href":57434},"Creating a list in Python",[32,57511,57512],{},[196,57513,55805,57514,11046],{"href":57050},[18,57515,1724],{},[32,57517,57518],{},[196,57519,1389],{"href":1388},[2259,57521,57522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":57524},[57525,57526,57528,57529,57531,57532,57533,57535,57543,57554],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":55996,"depth":103,"text":57527},"What list.copy() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":56267,"depth":103,"text":57530},"Why not use =",{"id":56545,"depth":103,"text":56546},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":56892,"depth":103,"text":57534},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":57536},[57537,57539,57540,57541],{"id":57061,"depth":129,"text":57538},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57207,"depth":129,"text":57208},{"id":57290,"depth":129,"text":57291},{"id":57376,"depth":129,"text":57542},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":57544},[57545,57547,57549,57551,57552],{"id":57441,"depth":129,"text":57546},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57450,"depth":129,"text":57548},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57465,"depth":129,"text":57550},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57473,"depth":129,"text":57474},{"id":57483,"depth":129,"text":57553},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55874,"description":57555},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57562,"title":57563,"body":57564,"description":59306,"extension":2300,"meta":59307,"navigation":132,"path":59308,"seo":59309,"stem":59310,"__hash__":59311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57565,"toc":59265},[57566,57572,57578,57581,57592,57595,57597,57660,57666,57671,57675,57689,57692,57697,57702,57704,57706,57725,57737,57739,57806,57808,57816,57821,57823,57831,57834,57851,57853,57977,57988,57992,57997,58000,58002,58020,58024,58110,58119,58127,58196,58198,58201,58213,58218,58222,58293,58296,58300,58304,58369,58371,58379,58383,58466,58468,58476,58480,58541,58543,58551,58555,58642,58644,58652,58657,58662,58665,58676,58678,58763,58768,58777,58779,58783,58787,58792,58854,58858,58866,58872,58881,58886,58935,58938,58959,58963,59025,59032,59037,59040,59127,59130,59141,59144,59164,59166,59172,59175,59179,59183,59189,59192,59198,59205,59213,59224,59226,59262],[10,57567,54628,57569,11629],{"id":57568},"python-list-count-method",[18,57570,57571],{},"count()",[14,57573,57574,57577],{},[18,57575,57576],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57579,57580],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[29,57582,57583,57586,57589],{},[32,57584,57585],{},"count one specific item",[32,57587,57588],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[32,57590,57591],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57593,57594],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[49,57596,3946],{"id":3945},[54,57598,57600],{"className":56,"code":57599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,57601,57602,57630,57648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57603,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57605,70],{"class":69},[63,57607,74],{"class":73},[63,57609,1091],{"class":81},[63,57611,86],{"class":85},[63,57613,89],{"class":81},[63,57615,92],{"class":85},[63,57617,89],{"class":81},[63,57619,92],{"class":85},[63,57621,89],{"class":81},[63,57623,97],{"class":85},[63,57625,89],{"class":81},[63,57627,92],{"class":85},[63,57629,186],{"class":81},[63,57631,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57633,851],{"class":69},[63,57635,74],{"class":73},[63,57637,4595],{"class":69},[63,57639,259],{"class":81},[63,57641,41550],{"class":145},[63,57643,113],{"class":81},[63,57645,2394],{"class":85},[63,57647,126],{"class":81},[63,57649,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,57651,140],{"class":139},[63,57653,113],{"class":81},[63,57655,875],{"class":145},[63,57657,3997],{"class":81},[63,57659,51063],{"class":1910},[14,57661,222,57662,57665],{},[18,57663,57664],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[49,57667,4014,57669,4017],{"id":57668},"what-listcount-does",[18,57670,57576],{},[14,57672,57673,821],{},[18,57674,57576],{},[29,57676,57677,57680,57683,57686],{},[32,57678,57679],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[32,57681,57682],{},"returns an integer",[32,57684,57685],{},"does not change the original list",[32,57687,57688],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57690,57691],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57693,57694,57695,259],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,57696,1248],{},[14,57698,57699,57700,259],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,57701,687],{},[49,57703,263],{"id":262},[14,57705,2495],{},[54,57707,57709],{"className":56,"code":57708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,57710,57711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57712,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57714,8654],{"class":69},[63,57716,259],{"class":81},[63,57718,41550],{"class":145},[63,57720,113],{"class":81},[63,57722,2807],{"class":145},[63,57724,126],{"class":81},[29,57726,57727,57732],{},[32,57728,57729,57731],{},[18,57730,8654],{}," is the list you want to search",[32,57733,57734,57736],{},[18,57735,2807],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57738,2543],{},[54,57740,57742],{"className":56,"code":57741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,57743,57744,57784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57745,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57747,106],{"class":69},[63,57749,74],{"class":73},[63,57751,1091],{"class":81},[63,57753,117],{"class":116},[63,57755,196],{"class":120},[63,57757,117],{"class":116},[63,57759,89],{"class":81},[63,57761,824],{"class":116},[63,57763,206],{"class":120},[63,57765,117],{"class":116},[63,57767,89],{"class":81},[63,57769,824],{"class":116},[63,57771,196],{"class":120},[63,57773,117],{"class":116},[63,57775,89],{"class":81},[63,57777,824],{"class":116},[63,57779,215],{"class":120},[63,57781,117],{"class":116},[63,57783,186],{"class":81},[63,57785,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57787,140],{"class":139},[63,57789,113],{"class":81},[63,57791,158],{"class":145},[63,57793,259],{"class":81},[63,57795,41550],{"class":145},[63,57797,113],{"class":81},[63,57799,117],{"class":116},[63,57801,196],{"class":120},[63,57803,117],{"class":116},[63,57805,100],{"class":81},[14,57807,163],{},[54,57809,57810],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,57811,57812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57813,57814],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57815,17353],{"class":85},[14,57817,57818,57819,259],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57820,687],{},[49,57822,38311],{"id":38310},[14,57824,57825,57826,57828,57829,259],{},"The return value from ",[18,57827,57571],{}," is always an ",[18,57830,1039],{},[14,57832,57833],{},"Possible results:",[29,57835,57836,57841,57846],{},[32,57837,57838,57840],{},[18,57839,687],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[32,57842,57843,57845],{},[18,57844,86],{}," if it appears once",[32,57847,57848,57850],{},[18,57849,2394],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57852,2543],{},[54,57854,57856],{"className":56,"code":57855,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57857,57858,57898,57902,57927,57952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,57859,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,57861,13381],{"class":69},[63,57863,74],{"class":73},[63,57865,1091],{"class":81},[63,57867,117],{"class":116},[63,57869,13398],{"class":120},[63,57871,117],{"class":116},[63,57873,89],{"class":81},[63,57875,824],{"class":116},[63,57877,13415],{"class":120},[63,57879,117],{"class":116},[63,57881,89],{"class":81},[63,57883,824],{"class":116},[63,57885,17752],{"class":120},[63,57887,117],{"class":116},[63,57889,89],{"class":81},[63,57891,824],{"class":116},[63,57893,13415],{"class":120},[63,57895,117],{"class":116},[63,57897,186],{"class":81},[63,57899,57900],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,57901,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,57903,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,57905,140],{"class":139},[63,57907,113],{"class":81},[63,57909,17799],{"class":145},[63,57911,259],{"class":81},[63,57913,41550],{"class":145},[63,57915,113],{"class":81},[63,57917,117],{"class":116},[63,57919,13415],{"class":120},[63,57921,117],{"class":116},[63,57923,5683],{"class":81},[63,57925,57926],{"class":1910},"   # 2\n",[63,57928,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,57930,140],{"class":139},[63,57932,113],{"class":81},[63,57934,17799],{"class":145},[63,57936,259],{"class":81},[63,57938,41550],{"class":145},[63,57940,113],{"class":81},[63,57942,117],{"class":116},[63,57944,13398],{"class":120},[63,57946,117],{"class":116},[63,57948,5683],{"class":81},[63,57950,57951],{"class":1910},"    # 1\n",[63,57953,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,57955,140],{"class":139},[63,57957,113],{"class":81},[63,57959,17799],{"class":145},[63,57961,259],{"class":81},[63,57963,41550],{"class":145},[63,57965,113],{"class":81},[63,57967,117],{"class":116},[63,57969,22817],{"class":120},[63,57971,117],{"class":116},[63,57973,5683],{"class":81},[63,57975,57976],{"class":1910}," # 0\n",[14,57978,57979,57980,57982,57983,57985,57986,259],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57981,57571],{}," works, but using ",[18,57984,4217],{}," is often simpler. See ",[196,57987,6518],{"href":6517},[49,57989,57991],{"id":57990},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57993,57994,57996],{},[18,57995,57576],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57998,57999],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,58001,43941],{},[29,58003,58004,58007,58010,58017],{},[32,58005,58006],{},"matches are based on equality",[32,58008,58009],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[32,58011,58012,4726,58014,58016],{},[18,58013,86],{},[18,58015,3941],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[32,58018,58019],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[486,58021,58023],{"id":58022},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[54,58025,58027],{"className":56,"code":58026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,58028,58029,58062,58086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58030,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58032,4403],{"class":69},[63,58034,74],{"class":73},[63,58036,1091],{"class":81},[63,58038,117],{"class":116},[63,58040,408],{"class":120},[63,58042,117],{"class":116},[63,58044,89],{"class":81},[63,58046,824],{"class":116},[63,58048,58049],{"class":120},"Apple",[63,58051,117],{"class":116},[63,58053,89],{"class":81},[63,58055,824],{"class":116},[63,58057,408],{"class":120},[63,58059,117],{"class":116},[63,58061,186],{"class":81},[63,58063,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58065,140],{"class":139},[63,58067,113],{"class":81},[63,58069,4445],{"class":145},[63,58071,259],{"class":81},[63,58073,41550],{"class":145},[63,58075,113],{"class":81},[63,58077,117],{"class":116},[63,58079,408],{"class":120},[63,58081,117],{"class":116},[63,58083,5683],{"class":81},[63,58085,51707],{"class":1910},[63,58087,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58089,140],{"class":139},[63,58091,113],{"class":81},[63,58093,4445],{"class":145},[63,58095,259],{"class":81},[63,58097,41550],{"class":145},[63,58099,113],{"class":81},[63,58101,117],{"class":116},[63,58103,58049],{"class":120},[63,58105,117],{"class":116},[63,58107,5683],{"class":81},[63,58109,28070],{"class":1910},[14,58111,58112,4726,58115,58118],{},[18,58113,58114],{},"\"apple\"",[18,58116,58117],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[486,58120,58122,4726,58124,58126],{"id":58121},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,58123,86],{},[18,58125,3941],{}," can match",[54,58128,58130],{"className":56,"code":58129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,58131,58132,58156,58176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58133,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58135,731],{"class":69},[63,58137,74],{"class":73},[63,58139,1091],{"class":81},[63,58141,86],{"class":85},[63,58143,89],{"class":81},[63,58145,4249],{"class":1205},[63,58147,89],{"class":81},[63,58149,92],{"class":85},[63,58151,89],{"class":81},[63,58153,692],{"class":85},[63,58155,186],{"class":81},[63,58157,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58159,140],{"class":139},[63,58161,113],{"class":81},[63,58163,763],{"class":145},[63,58165,259],{"class":81},[63,58167,41550],{"class":145},[63,58169,113],{"class":81},[63,58171,86],{"class":85},[63,58173,5683],{"class":81},[63,58175,51211],{"class":1910},[63,58177,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58179,140],{"class":139},[63,58181,113],{"class":81},[63,58183,763],{"class":145},[63,58185,259],{"class":81},[63,58187,41550],{"class":145},[63,58189,113],{"class":81},[63,58191,3941],{"class":1205},[63,58193,5683],{"class":81},[63,58195,51063],{"class":1910},[14,58197,4743],{},[14,58199,58200],{},"In Python:",[29,58202,58203,58208],{},[32,58204,58205],{},[18,58206,58207],{},"True == 1",[32,58209,58210],{},[18,58211,58212],{},"False == 0",[14,58214,53940,58215,58217],{},[18,58216,57571],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[486,58219,58221],{"id":58220},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[54,58223,58225],{"className":56,"code":58224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,58226,58227,58269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58228,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58230,342],{"class":69},[63,58232,74],{"class":73},[63,58234,1234],{"class":81},[63,58236,86],{"class":85},[63,58238,89],{"class":81},[63,58240,92],{"class":85},[63,58242,1243],{"class":81},[63,58244,1091],{"class":81},[63,58246,1248],{"class":85},[63,58248,89],{"class":81},[63,58250,705],{"class":85},[63,58252,1243],{"class":81},[63,58254,1091],{"class":81},[63,58256,86],{"class":85},[63,58258,89],{"class":81},[63,58260,92],{"class":85},[63,58262,1243],{"class":81},[63,58264,1091],{"class":81},[63,58266,86],{"class":85},[63,58268,1255],{"class":81},[63,58270,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58272,140],{"class":139},[63,58274,113],{"class":81},[63,58276,357],{"class":145},[63,58278,259],{"class":81},[63,58280,41550],{"class":145},[63,58282,2071],{"class":81},[63,58284,86],{"class":85},[63,58286,89],{"class":81},[63,58288,92],{"class":85},[63,58290,5066],{"class":81},[63,58292,51707],{"class":1910},[14,58294,58295],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[49,58297,58299],{"id":58298},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[486,58301,58303],{"id":58302},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[54,58305,58307],{"className":56,"code":58306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58308,58309,58337,58355,58359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58310,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58312,70],{"class":69},[63,58314,74],{"class":73},[63,58316,1091],{"class":81},[63,58318,741],{"class":85},[63,58320,89],{"class":81},[63,58322,746],{"class":85},[63,58324,89],{"class":81},[63,58326,6324],{"class":85},[63,58328,89],{"class":81},[63,58330,751],{"class":85},[63,58332,89],{"class":81},[63,58334,6324],{"class":85},[63,58336,186],{"class":81},[63,58338,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58340,851],{"class":69},[63,58342,74],{"class":73},[63,58344,4595],{"class":69},[63,58346,259],{"class":81},[63,58348,41550],{"class":145},[63,58350,113],{"class":81},[63,58352,741],{"class":85},[63,58354,126],{"class":81},[63,58356,58357],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58358,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,58362,140],{"class":139},[63,58364,113],{"class":81},[63,58366,875],{"class":145},[63,58368,126],{"class":81},[14,58370,163],{},[54,58372,58373],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,58374,58375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58376,58377],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58378,46908],{"class":85},[486,58380,58382],{"id":58381},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[54,58384,58386],{"className":56,"code":58385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58387,58388,58430,58452,58456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58389,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58426,58428],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58391,4403],{"class":69},[63,58393,74],{"class":73},[63,58395,1091],{"class":81},[63,58397,117],{"class":116},[63,58399,580],{"class":120},[63,58401,117],{"class":116},[63,58403,89],{"class":81},[63,58405,824],{"class":116},[63,58407,58408],{"class":120},"dog",[63,58410,117],{"class":116},[63,58412,89],{"class":81},[63,58414,824],{"class":116},[63,58416,580],{"class":120},[63,58418,117],{"class":116},[63,58420,89],{"class":81},[63,58422,824],{"class":116},[63,58424,58425],{"class":120},"bird",[63,58427,117],{"class":116},[63,58429,186],{"class":81},[63,58431,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58433,851],{"class":69},[63,58435,74],{"class":73},[63,58437,6488],{"class":69},[63,58439,259],{"class":81},[63,58441,41550],{"class":145},[63,58443,113],{"class":81},[63,58445,117],{"class":116},[63,58447,580],{"class":120},[63,58449,117],{"class":116},[63,58451,126],{"class":81},[63,58453,58454],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58455,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,58457,58458,58460,58462,58464],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,58459,140],{"class":139},[63,58461,113],{"class":81},[63,58463,875],{"class":145},[63,58465,126],{"class":81},[14,58467,163],{},[54,58469,58470],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,58471,58472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58473,58474],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58475,17353],{"class":85},[486,58477,58479],{"id":58478},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[54,58481,58483],{"className":56,"code":58482,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58484,58485,58509,58527,58531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58486,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58488,70],{"class":69},[63,58490,74],{"class":73},[63,58492,1091],{"class":81},[63,58494,86],{"class":85},[63,58496,89],{"class":81},[63,58498,92],{"class":85},[63,58500,89],{"class":81},[63,58502,97],{"class":85},[63,58504,89],{"class":81},[63,58506,705],{"class":85},[63,58508,186],{"class":81},[63,58510,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58512,851],{"class":69},[63,58514,74],{"class":73},[63,58516,4595],{"class":69},[63,58518,259],{"class":81},[63,58520,41550],{"class":145},[63,58522,113],{"class":81},[63,58524,661],{"class":85},[63,58526,126],{"class":81},[63,58528,58529],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58530,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,58532,58533,58535,58537,58539],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,58534,140],{"class":139},[63,58536,113],{"class":81},[63,58538,875],{"class":145},[63,58540,126],{"class":81},[14,58542,163],{},[54,58544,58545],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,58546,58547],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58548,58549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58550,47543],{"class":85},[486,58552,58554],{"id":58553},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[54,58556,58558],{"className":56,"code":58557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,58559,58560,58606,58628,58632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58561,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58563,2097],{"class":69},[63,58565,74],{"class":73},[63,58567,1234],{"class":81},[63,58569,86],{"class":85},[63,58571,89],{"class":81},[63,58573,92],{"class":85},[63,58575,1243],{"class":81},[63,58577,1091],{"class":81},[63,58579,86],{"class":85},[63,58581,89],{"class":81},[63,58583,92],{"class":85},[63,58585,1243],{"class":81},[63,58587,1091],{"class":81},[63,58589,2394],{"class":85},[63,58591,89],{"class":81},[63,58593,97],{"class":85},[63,58595,1243],{"class":81},[63,58597,1091],{"class":81},[63,58599,86],{"class":85},[63,58601,89],{"class":81},[63,58603,92],{"class":85},[63,58605,1255],{"class":81},[63,58607,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58609,851],{"class":69},[63,58611,74],{"class":73},[63,58613,14862],{"class":69},[63,58615,259],{"class":81},[63,58617,41550],{"class":145},[63,58619,2071],{"class":81},[63,58621,86],{"class":85},[63,58623,89],{"class":81},[63,58625,92],{"class":85},[63,58627,2080],{"class":81},[63,58629,58630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58631,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,58633,58634,58636,58638,58640],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,58635,140],{"class":139},[63,58637,113],{"class":81},[63,58639,875],{"class":145},[63,58641,126],{"class":81},[14,58643,163],{},[54,58645,58646],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,58647,58648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58649,58650],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58651,46908],{"class":85},[49,58653,5292,58655],{"id":58654},"when-to-use-count",[18,58656,57571],{},[14,58658,222,58659,58661],{},[18,58660,57571],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58663,58664],{},"Good use cases:",[29,58666,58667,58670,58673],{},[32,58668,58669],{},"counting one specific item",[32,58671,58672],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[32,58674,58675],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58677,2543],{},[54,58679,58681],{"className":56,"code":58680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,58682,58683,58724,58748,58752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58684,58685,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58686,58687],{"class":69},"votes ",[63,58689,74],{"class":73},[63,58691,1091],{"class":81},[63,58693,117],{"class":116},[63,58695,8974],{"class":120},[63,58697,117],{"class":116},[63,58699,89],{"class":81},[63,58701,824],{"class":116},[63,58703,8914],{"class":120},[63,58705,117],{"class":116},[63,58707,89],{"class":81},[63,58709,824],{"class":116},[63,58711,8974],{"class":120},[63,58713,117],{"class":116},[63,58715,89],{"class":81},[63,58717,824],{"class":116},[63,58719,8974],{"class":120},[63,58721,117],{"class":116},[63,58723,186],{"class":81},[63,58725,58726,58729,58731,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58727,58728],{"class":69},"yes_votes ",[63,58730,74],{"class":73},[63,58732,58733],{"class":69}," votes",[63,58735,259],{"class":81},[63,58737,41550],{"class":145},[63,58739,113],{"class":81},[63,58741,117],{"class":116},[63,58743,8974],{"class":120},[63,58745,117],{"class":116},[63,58747,126],{"class":81},[63,58749,58750],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,58751,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,58753,58754,58756,58758,58761],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,58755,140],{"class":139},[63,58757,113],{"class":81},[63,58759,58760],{"class":145},"yes_votes",[63,58762,126],{"class":81},[14,58764,58765,58767],{},[18,58766,57571],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58769,58770,58771,4726,58773,259],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[196,58772,258],{"href":257},[196,58774,58776],{"href":58775},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[49,58778,3167],{"id":3166},[14,58780,8763,58781,259],{},[18,58782,57576],{},[486,58784,58786],{"id":58785},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58788,58789,58791],{},[18,58790,57576],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[54,58793,58795],{"className":56,"code":58794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58796,58797,58830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58798,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58800,4403],{"class":69},[63,58802,74],{"class":73},[63,58804,1091],{"class":81},[63,58806,117],{"class":116},[63,58808,58809],{"class":120},"apple pie",[63,58811,117],{"class":116},[63,58813,89],{"class":81},[63,58815,824],{"class":116},[63,58817,427],{"class":120},[63,58819,117],{"class":116},[63,58821,89],{"class":81},[63,58823,824],{"class":116},[63,58825,58809],{"class":120},[63,58827,117],{"class":116},[63,58829,186],{"class":81},[63,58831,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58833,140],{"class":139},[63,58835,113],{"class":81},[63,58837,4445],{"class":145},[63,58839,259],{"class":81},[63,58841,41550],{"class":145},[63,58843,113],{"class":81},[63,58845,117],{"class":116},[63,58847,408],{"class":120},[63,58849,117],{"class":116},[63,58851,5683],{"class":81},[63,58853,51539],{"class":1910},[14,58855,2823,58856,2827],{},[18,58857,687],{},[14,58859,29352,58860,58862,58863,259],{},[18,58861,58114],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58864,58865],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58867,58868,58869,259],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58870,58871],{},"str.count()",[486,58873,8769,58875,8772,58877,1725,58879],{"id":58874},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58876,57571],{},[18,58878,3941],{},[18,58880,4010],{},[14,58882,58883,58885],{},[18,58884,57571],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[54,58887,58889],{"className":56,"code":58888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58890,58891,58915],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58892,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58894,70],{"class":69},[63,58896,74],{"class":73},[63,58898,1091],{"class":81},[63,58900,86],{"class":85},[63,58902,89],{"class":81},[63,58904,92],{"class":85},[63,58906,89],{"class":81},[63,58908,92],{"class":85},[63,58910,89],{"class":81},[63,58912,97],{"class":85},[63,58914,186],{"class":81},[63,58916,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,58918,140],{"class":139},[63,58920,113],{"class":81},[63,58922,146],{"class":145},[63,58924,259],{"class":81},[63,58926,41550],{"class":145},[63,58928,113],{"class":81},[63,58930,2394],{"class":85},[63,58932,5683],{"class":81},[63,58934,51707],{"class":1910},[14,58936,58937],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[54,58939,58941],{"className":56,"code":58940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58942,58943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58944,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58946,140],{"class":139},[63,58948,113],{"class":81},[63,58950,2394],{"class":85},[63,58952,21468],{"class":1155},[63,58954,4595],{"class":145},[63,58956,3997],{"class":81},[63,58958,4000],{"class":1910},[486,58960,58962],{"id":58961},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[54,58964,58966],{"className":56,"code":58965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58967,58968,59001],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994,58997,58999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,58971,1755],{"class":69},[63,58973,74],{"class":73},[63,58975,1091],{"class":81},[63,58977,117],{"class":116},[63,58979,7997],{"class":120},[63,58981,117],{"class":116},[63,58983,89],{"class":81},[63,58985,824],{"class":116},[63,58987,20512],{"class":120},[63,58989,117],{"class":116},[63,58991,89],{"class":81},[63,58993,824],{"class":116},[63,58995,58996],{"class":120},"SAM",[63,58998,117],{"class":116},[63,59000,186],{"class":81},[63,59002,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59004,140],{"class":139},[63,59006,113],{"class":81},[63,59008,1818],{"class":145},[63,59010,259],{"class":81},[63,59012,41550],{"class":145},[63,59014,113],{"class":81},[63,59016,117],{"class":116},[63,59018,20512],{"class":120},[63,59020,117],{"class":116},[63,59022,5683],{"class":81},[63,59024,28070],{"class":1910},[14,59026,59027,59028,59031],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,59029,59030],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[486,59033,29941,59035,33841],{"id":59034},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,59036,57571],{},[14,59038,59039],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[54,59041,59043],{"className":56,"code":59042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,59044,59045,59055,59069,59087,59101,59113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59046,59047,59049,59051,59053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59048,140],{"class":139},[63,59050,113],{"class":81},[63,59052,8654],{"class":145},[63,59054,126],{"class":81},[63,59056,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59058,140],{"class":139},[63,59060,113],{"class":81},[63,59062,3557],{"class":77},[63,59064,113],{"class":81},[63,59066,8654],{"class":145},[63,59068,100],{"class":81},[63,59070,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59072,140],{"class":139},[63,59074,113],{"class":81},[63,59076,8654],{"class":145},[63,59078,259],{"class":81},[63,59080,41550],{"class":145},[63,59082,113],{"class":81},[63,59084,2807],{"class":145},[63,59086,100],{"class":81},[63,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,59090,140],{"class":139},[63,59092,113],{"class":81},[63,59094,2782],{"class":145},[63,59096,4217],{"class":1155},[63,59098,8711],{"class":145},[63,59100,126],{"class":81},[63,59102,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,59104,6277],{"class":1155},[63,59106,6280],{"class":69},[63,59108,4217],{"class":1155},[63,59110,8711],{"class":69},[63,59112,6713],{"class":81},[63,59114,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,59116,8386],{"class":139},[63,59118,113],{"class":81},[63,59120,42069],{"class":139},[63,59122,113],{"class":81},[63,59124,23603],{"class":145},[63,59126,100],{"class":81},[14,59128,59129],{},"These checks can help you see:",[29,59131,59132,59135,59138],{},[32,59133,59134],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[32,59136,59137],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[32,59139,59140],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59142,59143],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[29,59145,59146,59151,59154,59161],{},[32,59147,50784,59148,59150],{},[18,59149,57571],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[32,59152,59153],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[32,59155,11413,59156,59158,59159],{},[18,59157,57576],{}," with string ",[18,59160,57571],{},[32,59162,59163],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[49,59165,2165],{"id":2164},[486,59167,13011,59169,59171],{"id":59168},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,59170,57576],{}," change the list?",[14,59173,59174],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[486,59176,59178],{"id":59177},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59180,12220,59181,259],{},[18,59182,687],{},[486,59184,5497,59186,59188],{"id":59185},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,59187,57576],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59190,59191],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[486,59193,15199,59195,59197],{"id":59194},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,59196,57576],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59199,42442,59200,4726,59202,59204],{},[18,59201,58117],{},[18,59203,58114],{}," are different values.",[486,59206,5485,59208,59210,59211,2827],{"id":59207},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,59209,3941],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,59212,86],{},[14,59214,9102,59215,59217,59218,4726,59220,59217,59222,259],{},[18,59216,3941],{}," compares equal to ",[18,59219,86],{},[18,59221,4010],{},[18,59223,687],{},[49,59225,2219],{"id":2218},[29,59227,59228,59232,59238,59242,59250,59257],{},[32,59229,59230],{},[196,59231,258],{"href":257},[32,59233,59234],{},[196,59235,59237],{"href":59236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[32,59239,59240],{},[196,59241,7256],{"href":6517},[32,59243,59244],{},[196,59245,55805,59247,11046],{"href":59246},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,59248,59249],{},"index()",[32,59251,59252],{},[196,59253,3912,59255],{"href":59254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,59256,42651],{},[32,59258,59259],{},[196,59260,59261],{"href":58775},"What is a list in Python",[2259,59263,59264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":59266},[59267,59268,59270,59271,59272,59278,59284,59286,59294,59305],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":57668,"depth":103,"text":59269},"What list.count() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311},{"id":57990,"depth":103,"text":57991,"children":59273},[59274,59275,59277],{"id":58022,"depth":129,"text":58023},{"id":58121,"depth":129,"text":59276},"1 and True can match",{"id":58220,"depth":129,"text":58221},{"id":58298,"depth":103,"text":58299,"children":59279},[59280,59281,59282,59283],{"id":58302,"depth":129,"text":58303},{"id":58381,"depth":129,"text":58382},{"id":58478,"depth":129,"text":58479},{"id":58553,"depth":129,"text":58554},{"id":58654,"depth":103,"text":59285},"When to use count()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":59287},[59288,59289,59291,59292],{"id":58785,"depth":129,"text":58786},{"id":58874,"depth":129,"text":59290},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58961,"depth":129,"text":58962},{"id":59034,"depth":129,"text":59293},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":59295},[59296,59298,59299,59301,59303],{"id":59168,"depth":129,"text":59297},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59177,"depth":129,"text":59178},{"id":59185,"depth":129,"text":59300},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59194,"depth":129,"text":59302},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59207,"depth":129,"text":59304},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57563,"description":59306},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59313,"title":59314,"body":59315,"description":61269,"extension":2300,"meta":61270,"navigation":132,"path":61271,"seo":61272,"stem":61273,"__hash__":61274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59316,"toc":61232},[59317,59320,59323,59325,59453,59457,59538,59549,59551,59570,59574,59577,59580,59598,59600,59643,59647,59672,59681,59685,59690,59693,59810,59814,59883,59887,59899,59901,59904,59945,59949,59962,59965,60050,60054,60087,60094,60100,60105,60107,60119,60123,60156,60160,60192,60196,60232,60236,60256,60260,60293,60297,60325,60336,60340,60343,60346,60359,60416,60420,60459,60465,60468,60470,60473,60477,60480,60505,60507,60532,60539,60542,60587,60591,60610,60613,60652,60659,60664,60698,60702,60799,60806,60839,60843,60869,60873,60876,60914,60917,60954,60958,60961,60980,60984,61045,61047,61065,61069,61072,61075,61104,61106,61110,61113,61121,61125,61128,61148,61154,61160,61164,61167,61174,61182,61184,61223,61229],[10,59318,59314],{"id":59319},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59321,59322],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[49,59324,3946],{"id":3945},[54,59326,59328],{"className":56,"code":59327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59329,59330,59350,59382,59390,59408,59412,59422,59432,59443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59331,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59333,70],{"class":69},[63,59335,74],{"class":73},[63,59337,1091],{"class":81},[63,59339,86],{"class":85},[63,59341,89],{"class":81},[63,59343,92],{"class":85},[63,59345,89],{"class":81},[63,59347,97],{"class":85},[63,59349,186],{"class":81},[63,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59353,1755],{"class":69},[63,59355,74],{"class":73},[63,59357,1091],{"class":81},[63,59359,117],{"class":116},[63,59361,827],{"class":120},[63,59363,117],{"class":116},[63,59365,89],{"class":81},[63,59367,824],{"class":116},[63,59369,1772],{"class":120},[63,59371,117],{"class":116},[63,59373,89],{"class":81},[63,59375,824],{"class":116},[63,59377,36244],{"class":120},[63,59379,117],{"class":116},[63,59381,186],{"class":81},[63,59383,59384,59386,59388],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59385,56216],{"class":69},[63,59387,74],{"class":73},[63,59389,8156],{"class":81},[63,59391,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,59393,106],{"class":69},[63,59395,74],{"class":73},[63,59397,78],{"class":77},[63,59399,113],{"class":81},[63,59401,117],{"class":116},[63,59403,121],{"class":120},[63,59405,117],{"class":116},[63,59407,126],{"class":81},[63,59409,59410],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,59411,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,59413,59414,59416,59418,59420],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,59415,140],{"class":139},[63,59417,113],{"class":81},[63,59419,146],{"class":145},[63,59421,126],{"class":81},[63,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,59425,140],{"class":139},[63,59427,113],{"class":81},[63,59429,1818],{"class":145},[63,59431,126],{"class":81},[63,59433,59434,59436,59438,59441],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,59435,140],{"class":139},[63,59437,113],{"class":81},[63,59439,59440],{"class":145},"empty_list",[63,59442,126],{"class":81},[63,59444,59445,59447,59449,59451],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,59446,140],{"class":139},[63,59448,113],{"class":81},[63,59450,158],{"class":145},[63,59452,126],{"class":81},[14,59454,59455],{},[1217,59456,163],{},[54,59458,59460],{"className":56,"code":59459,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,59461,59462,59478,59506,59510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59463,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59465,173],{"class":81},[63,59467,86],{"class":85},[63,59469,89],{"class":81},[63,59471,92],{"class":85},[63,59473,89],{"class":81},[63,59475,97],{"class":85},[63,59477,186],{"class":81},[63,59479,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59481,173],{"class":81},[63,59483,193],{"class":116},[63,59485,827],{"class":120},[63,59487,193],{"class":116},[63,59489,89],{"class":81},[63,59491,203],{"class":116},[63,59493,1772],{"class":120},[63,59495,193],{"class":116},[63,59497,89],{"class":81},[63,59499,203],{"class":116},[63,59501,36244],{"class":120},[63,59503,193],{"class":116},[63,59505,186],{"class":81},[63,59507,59508],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59509,364],{"class":81},[63,59511,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,59513,173],{"class":81},[63,59515,193],{"class":116},[63,59517,196],{"class":120},[63,59519,193],{"class":116},[63,59521,89],{"class":81},[63,59523,203],{"class":116},[63,59525,206],{"class":120},[63,59527,193],{"class":116},[63,59529,89],{"class":81},[63,59531,203],{"class":116},[63,59533,215],{"class":120},[63,59535,193],{"class":116},[63,59537,186],{"class":81},[14,59539,59540,59541,59543,59544,59546,59547,259],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,59542,479],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,59545,20],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,59548,716],{},[49,59550,15459],{"id":15458},[29,59552,59553,59556,59559,59562,59567],{},[32,59554,59555],{},"What a list is in Python",[32,59557,59558],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[32,59560,59561],{},"How to create an empty list",[32,59563,59564,59565,2638],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,59566,20],{},[32,59568,59569],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[49,59571,59573],{"id":59572},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59575,59576],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59578,59579],{},"This means:",[29,59581,59582,59585,59588,59591],{},[32,59583,59584],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[32,59586,59587],{},"The order of items is kept",[32,59589,59590],{},"A list can hold different data types",[32,59592,59593,59594,59597],{},"A list is ",[1217,59595,59596],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59599,2543],{},[54,59601,59603],{"className":56,"code":59602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,59604,59605,59629,59633],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59606,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59608,342],{"class":69},[63,59610,74],{"class":73},[63,59612,1091],{"class":81},[63,59614,117],{"class":116},[63,59616,408],{"class":120},[63,59618,117],{"class":116},[63,59620,89],{"class":81},[63,59622,6324],{"class":85},[63,59624,89],{"class":81},[63,59626,4249],{"class":1205},[63,59628,186],{"class":81},[63,59630,59631],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59632,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,59634,59635,59637,59639,59641],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59636,140],{"class":139},[63,59638,113],{"class":81},[63,59640,357],{"class":145},[63,59642,126],{"class":81},[14,59644,59645],{},[1217,59646,163],{},[54,59648,59650],{"className":56,"code":59649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,59651,59652],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59653,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59655,173],{"class":81},[63,59657,193],{"class":116},[63,59659,408],{"class":120},[63,59661,193],{"class":116},[63,59663,89],{"class":81},[63,59665,6324],{"class":85},[63,59667,89],{"class":81},[63,59669,4249],{"class":1205},[63,59671,186],{"class":81},[14,59673,59674,59675,1725,59678,259],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[196,59676,59677],{"href":257},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[196,59679,59680],{"href":58775},"What is a List in Python?",[49,59682,59684],{"id":59683},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59686,59540,59687,59689],{},[18,59688,479],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59691,59692],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[54,59694,59696],{"className":56,"code":59695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,59697,59698,59718,59750,59775,59779,59789,59799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59699,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59701,70],{"class":69},[63,59703,74],{"class":73},[63,59705,1091],{"class":81},[63,59707,86],{"class":85},[63,59709,89],{"class":81},[63,59711,92],{"class":85},[63,59713,89],{"class":81},[63,59715,97],{"class":85},[63,59717,186],{"class":81},[63,59719,59720,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59721,1755],{"class":69},[63,59723,74],{"class":73},[63,59725,1091],{"class":81},[63,59727,117],{"class":116},[63,59729,827],{"class":120},[63,59731,117],{"class":116},[63,59733,89],{"class":81},[63,59735,824],{"class":116},[63,59737,1772],{"class":120},[63,59739,117],{"class":116},[63,59741,89],{"class":81},[63,59743,824],{"class":116},[63,59745,36244],{"class":120},[63,59747,117],{"class":116},[63,59749,186],{"class":81},[63,59751,59752,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59753,59754],{"class":69},"mixed ",[63,59756,74],{"class":73},[63,59758,1091],{"class":81},[63,59760,741],{"class":85},[63,59762,89],{"class":81},[63,59764,824],{"class":116},[63,59766,1995],{"class":120},[63,59768,117],{"class":116},[63,59770,89],{"class":81},[63,59772,4240],{"class":1205},[63,59774,186],{"class":81},[63,59776,59777],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,59778,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,59780,59781,59783,59785,59787],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,59782,140],{"class":139},[63,59784,113],{"class":81},[63,59786,146],{"class":145},[63,59788,126],{"class":81},[63,59790,59791,59793,59795,59797],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,59792,140],{"class":139},[63,59794,113],{"class":81},[63,59796,1818],{"class":145},[63,59798,126],{"class":81},[63,59800,59801,59803,59805,59808],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,59802,140],{"class":139},[63,59804,113],{"class":81},[63,59806,59807],{"class":145},"mixed",[63,59809,126],{"class":81},[14,59811,59812],{},[1217,59813,163],{},[54,59815,59817],{"className":56,"code":59816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59818,59819,59835,59863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59822,173],{"class":81},[63,59824,86],{"class":85},[63,59826,89],{"class":81},[63,59828,92],{"class":85},[63,59830,89],{"class":81},[63,59832,97],{"class":85},[63,59834,186],{"class":81},[63,59836,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59838,173],{"class":81},[63,59840,193],{"class":116},[63,59842,827],{"class":120},[63,59844,193],{"class":116},[63,59846,89],{"class":81},[63,59848,203],{"class":116},[63,59850,1772],{"class":120},[63,59852,193],{"class":116},[63,59854,89],{"class":81},[63,59856,203],{"class":116},[63,59858,36244],{"class":120},[63,59860,193],{"class":116},[63,59862,186],{"class":81},[63,59864,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59866,173],{"class":81},[63,59868,741],{"class":85},[63,59870,89],{"class":81},[63,59872,203],{"class":116},[63,59874,1995],{"class":120},[63,59876,193],{"class":116},[63,59878,89],{"class":81},[63,59880,4240],{"class":1205},[63,59882,186],{"class":81},[486,59884,59886],{"id":59885},"key-points","Key points",[29,59888,59889,59894,59896],{},[32,59890,222,59891,59893],{},[18,59892,479],{}," to make a new list",[32,59895,15729],{},[32,59897,59898],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[49,59900,327],{"id":326},[14,59902,59903],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[54,59905,59907],{"className":56,"code":59906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59908,59909,59917,59921,59931],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59910,59911,59913,59915],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59912,8623],{"class":69},[63,59914,74],{"class":73},[63,59916,8156],{"class":81},[63,59918,59919],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59920,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,59922,59923,59925,59927,59929],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59924,140],{"class":139},[63,59926,113],{"class":81},[63,59928,8654],{"class":145},[63,59930,126],{"class":81},[63,59932,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,59934,140],{"class":139},[63,59936,113],{"class":81},[63,59938,11468],{"class":139},[63,59940,113],{"class":81},[63,59942,8654],{"class":145},[63,59944,100],{"class":81},[14,59946,59947],{},[1217,59948,163],{},[54,59950,59952],{"className":56,"code":59951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[]\n0\n",[18,59953,59954,59958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59955,59956],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59957,364],{"class":81},[63,59959,59960],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59961,47543],{"class":85},[14,59963,59964],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[54,59966,59968],{"className":56,"code":59967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59969,59970,59978,59982,60000,60018,60036,60040],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,59971,59972,59974,59976],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,59973,1755],{"class":69},[63,59975,74],{"class":73},[63,59977,8156],{"class":81},[63,59979,59980],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,59981,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,59983,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,59985,1818],{"class":69},[63,59987,259],{"class":81},[63,59989,401],{"class":145},[63,59991,113],{"class":81},[63,59993,117],{"class":116},[63,59995,827],{"class":120},[63,59997,117],{"class":116},[63,59999,126],{"class":81},[63,60001,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,60003,1818],{"class":69},[63,60005,259],{"class":81},[63,60007,401],{"class":145},[63,60009,113],{"class":81},[63,60011,117],{"class":116},[63,60013,1772],{"class":120},[63,60015,117],{"class":116},[63,60017,126],{"class":81},[63,60019,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,60021,1818],{"class":69},[63,60023,259],{"class":81},[63,60025,401],{"class":145},[63,60027,113],{"class":81},[63,60029,117],{"class":116},[63,60031,36244],{"class":120},[63,60033,117],{"class":116},[63,60035,126],{"class":81},[63,60037,60038],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,60039,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,60041,60042,60044,60046,60048],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,60043,140],{"class":139},[63,60045,113],{"class":81},[63,60047,1818],{"class":145},[63,60049,126],{"class":81},[14,60051,60052],{},[1217,60053,163],{},[54,60055,60057],{"className":56,"code":60056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,60058,60059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60060,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60062,173],{"class":81},[63,60064,193],{"class":116},[63,60066,827],{"class":120},[63,60068,193],{"class":116},[63,60070,89],{"class":81},[63,60072,203],{"class":116},[63,60074,1772],{"class":120},[63,60076,193],{"class":116},[63,60078,89],{"class":81},[63,60080,203],{"class":116},[63,60082,36244],{"class":120},[63,60084,193],{"class":116},[63,60086,186],{"class":81},[14,60088,60089,60090,259],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[196,60091,60092,11046],{"href":57050},[18,60093,1724],{},[49,60095,60097,60098],{"id":60096},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,60099,20],{},[14,60101,222,60102,60104],{},[18,60103,20],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,60106,5779],{},[29,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115],{},[32,60110,311],{},[32,60112,314],{},[32,60114,317],{},[32,60116,60117],{},[18,60118,716],{},[486,60120,60122],{"id":60121},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[54,60124,60126],{"className":56,"code":60125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,60127,60128,60146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60129,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60131,106],{"class":69},[63,60133,74],{"class":73},[63,60135,78],{"class":77},[63,60137,113],{"class":81},[63,60139,117],{"class":116},[63,60141,121],{"class":120},[63,60143,117],{"class":116},[63,60145,126],{"class":81},[63,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60149,140],{"class":139},[63,60151,113],{"class":81},[63,60153,158],{"class":145},[63,60155,126],{"class":81},[14,60157,60158],{},[1217,60159,163],{},[54,60161,60162],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,60163,60164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60165,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60167,173],{"class":81},[63,60169,193],{"class":116},[63,60171,196],{"class":120},[63,60173,193],{"class":116},[63,60175,89],{"class":81},[63,60177,203],{"class":116},[63,60179,206],{"class":120},[63,60181,193],{"class":116},[63,60183,89],{"class":81},[63,60185,203],{"class":116},[63,60187,215],{"class":120},[63,60189,193],{"class":116},[63,60191,186],{"class":81},[486,60193,60195],{"id":60194},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[54,60197,60198],{"className":56,"code":492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,60199,60200,60222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60201,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60203,70],{"class":69},[63,60205,74],{"class":73},[63,60207,78],{"class":77},[63,60209,82],{"class":81},[63,60211,86],{"class":85},[63,60213,89],{"class":81},[63,60215,92],{"class":85},[63,60217,89],{"class":81},[63,60219,97],{"class":85},[63,60221,100],{"class":81},[63,60223,60224,60226,60228,60230],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60225,140],{"class":139},[63,60227,113],{"class":81},[63,60229,146],{"class":145},[63,60231,126],{"class":81},[14,60233,60234],{},[1217,60235,163],{},[54,60237,60238],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,60239,60240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60241,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60243,173],{"class":81},[63,60245,86],{"class":85},[63,60247,89],{"class":81},[63,60249,92],{"class":85},[63,60251,89],{"class":81},[63,60253,97],{"class":85},[63,60255,186],{"class":81},[486,60257,60259],{"id":60258},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[54,60261,60263],{"className":56,"code":60262,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,60264,60265,60283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60266,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60268,731],{"class":69},[63,60270,74],{"class":73},[63,60272,78],{"class":77},[63,60274,113],{"class":81},[63,60276,40],{"class":139},[63,60278,113],{"class":81},[63,60280,661],{"class":85},[63,60282,100],{"class":81},[63,60284,60285,60287,60289,60291],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60286,140],{"class":139},[63,60288,113],{"class":81},[63,60290,763],{"class":145},[63,60292,126],{"class":81},[14,60294,60295],{},[1217,60296,163],{},[54,60298,60299],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,60300,60301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60302,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60304,173],{"class":81},[63,60306,687],{"class":85},[63,60308,89],{"class":81},[63,60310,692],{"class":85},[63,60312,89],{"class":81},[63,60314,92],{"class":85},[63,60316,89],{"class":81},[63,60318,97],{"class":85},[63,60320,89],{"class":81},[63,60322,705],{"class":85},[63,60324,186],{"class":81},[14,60326,60327,60329,60330,259],{},[18,60328,20],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[196,60331,60333,60335],{"href":60332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,60334,20],{},": Function Explained",[49,60337,60339],{"id":60338},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60341,60342],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60344,60345],{},"Examples include:",[29,60347,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356],{},[32,60349,311],{},[32,60351,40714],{},[32,60353,52338],{},[32,60355,40884],{},[32,60357,60358],{},"other lists",[54,60360,60362],{"className":56,"code":60361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,60363,60364,60402,60406],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60365,60366,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60367,2097],{"class":69},[63,60369,74],{"class":73},[63,60371,1091],{"class":81},[63,60373,117],{"class":116},[63,60375,827],{"class":120},[63,60377,117],{"class":116},[63,60379,89],{"class":81},[63,60381,843],{"class":85},[63,60383,89],{"class":81},[63,60385,4249],{"class":1205},[63,60387,89],{"class":81},[63,60389,1091],{"class":81},[63,60391,86],{"class":85},[63,60393,89],{"class":81},[63,60395,92],{"class":85},[63,60397,89],{"class":81},[63,60399,97],{"class":85},[63,60401,1255],{"class":81},[63,60403,60404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60405,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,60407,60408,60410,60412,60414],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,60409,140],{"class":139},[63,60411,113],{"class":81},[63,60413,2138],{"class":145},[63,60415,126],{"class":81},[14,60417,60418],{},[1217,60419,163],{},[54,60421,60423],{"className":56,"code":60422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,60424,60425],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60426,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455,60457],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60428,173],{"class":81},[63,60430,193],{"class":116},[63,60432,827],{"class":120},[63,60434,193],{"class":116},[63,60436,89],{"class":81},[63,60438,843],{"class":85},[63,60440,89],{"class":81},[63,60442,4249],{"class":1205},[63,60444,89],{"class":81},[63,60446,1091],{"class":81},[63,60448,86],{"class":85},[63,60450,89],{"class":81},[63,60452,92],{"class":85},[63,60454,89],{"class":81},[63,60456,97],{"class":85},[63,60458,1255],{"class":81},[14,60460,60461,60462,259],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1217,60463,60464],{},"nested list",[14,60466,60467],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[49,60469,1888],{"id":1887},[14,60471,60472],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[486,60474,60476],{"id":60475},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60478,60479],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[54,60481,60483],{"className":56,"code":60482,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,60484,60485,60489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60486,60487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60488,1911],{"class":1910},[63,60490,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60492,70],{"class":69},[63,60494,74],{"class":73},[63,60496,1091],{"class":81},[63,60498,86],{"class":85},[63,60500,92],{"class":85},[63,60502,97],{"class":85},[63,60504,186],{"class":81},[14,60506,11113],{},[54,60508,60510],{"className":56,"code":60509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,60511,60512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60513,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60515,70],{"class":69},[63,60517,74],{"class":73},[63,60519,1091],{"class":81},[63,60521,86],{"class":85},[63,60523,89],{"class":81},[63,60525,92],{"class":85},[63,60527,89],{"class":81},[63,60529,97],{"class":85},[63,60531,186],{"class":81},[486,60533,8733,60535,11398,60537],{"id":60534},"using-instead-of",[18,60536,7686],{},[18,60538,479],{},[14,60540,60541],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[54,60543,60545],{"className":56,"code":60544,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60546,60547,60568,60572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60548,60549,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60550,60551],{"class":69},"my_values ",[63,60553,74],{"class":73},[63,60555,1687],{"class":81},[63,60557,86],{"class":85},[63,60559,89],{"class":81},[63,60561,92],{"class":85},[63,60563,89],{"class":81},[63,60565,97],{"class":85},[63,60567,126],{"class":81},[63,60569,60570],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60571,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,60573,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582,60585],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,60575,140],{"class":139},[63,60577,113],{"class":81},[63,60579,3557],{"class":77},[63,60581,113],{"class":81},[63,60583,60584],{"class":145},"my_values",[63,60586,100],{"class":81},[14,60588,60589],{},[1217,60590,163],{},[54,60592,60594],{"className":56,"code":60593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,60595,60596],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60599,3626],{"class":73},[63,60601,3629],{"class":2402},[63,60603,203],{"class":116},[63,60605,49245],{"class":120},[63,60607,193],{"class":116},[63,60609,3638],{"class":73},[14,60611,60612],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[54,60614,60616],{"className":56,"code":60615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,60617,60618,60638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60619,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60621,60551],{"class":69},[63,60623,74],{"class":73},[63,60625,1091],{"class":81},[63,60627,86],{"class":85},[63,60629,89],{"class":81},[63,60631,92],{"class":85},[63,60633,89],{"class":81},[63,60635,97],{"class":85},[63,60637,186],{"class":81},[63,60639,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60641,140],{"class":139},[63,60643,113],{"class":81},[63,60645,3557],{"class":77},[63,60647,113],{"class":81},[63,60649,60584],{"class":145},[63,60651,100],{"class":81},[486,60653,8769,60655,60658],{"id":60654},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,60656,60657],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60660,60661,60663],{},[18,60662,20],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[54,60665,60667],{"className":56,"code":60666,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,60668,60669,60688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60670,60671,60673,60675,60677,60679,60681,60684,60686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60672,851],{"class":69},[63,60674,74],{"class":73},[63,60676,78],{"class":77},[63,60678,113],{"class":81},[63,60680,117],{"class":116},[63,60682,60683],{"class":120},"hello world",[63,60685,117],{"class":116},[63,60687,126],{"class":81},[63,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60691,140],{"class":139},[63,60693,113],{"class":81},[63,60695,875],{"class":145},[63,60697,126],{"class":81},[14,60699,60700],{},[1217,60701,163],{},[54,60703,60705],{"className":56,"code":60704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,60706,60707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60708,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60710,173],{"class":81},[63,60712,193],{"class":116},[63,60714,985],{"class":120},[63,60716,193],{"class":116},[63,60718,89],{"class":81},[63,60720,203],{"class":116},[63,60722,2023],{"class":120},[63,60724,193],{"class":116},[63,60726,89],{"class":81},[63,60728,203],{"class":116},[63,60730,2032],{"class":120},[63,60732,193],{"class":116},[63,60734,89],{"class":81},[63,60736,203],{"class":116},[63,60738,2032],{"class":120},[63,60740,193],{"class":116},[63,60742,89],{"class":81},[63,60744,203],{"class":116},[63,60746,2049],{"class":120},[63,60748,193],{"class":116},[63,60750,89],{"class":81},[63,60752,203],{"class":116},[63,60754,203],{"class":116},[63,60756,89],{"class":81},[63,60758,203],{"class":116},[63,60760,60761],{"class":120},"w",[63,60763,193],{"class":116},[63,60765,89],{"class":81},[63,60767,203],{"class":116},[63,60769,2049],{"class":120},[63,60771,193],{"class":116},[63,60773,89],{"class":81},[63,60775,203],{"class":116},[63,60777,60778],{"class":120},"r",[63,60780,193],{"class":116},[63,60782,89],{"class":81},[63,60784,203],{"class":116},[63,60786,2032],{"class":120},[63,60788,193],{"class":116},[63,60790,89],{"class":81},[63,60792,203],{"class":116},[63,60794,19063],{"class":120},[63,60796,193],{"class":116},[63,60798,186],{"class":81},[14,60800,60801,60802,60805],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60803,60804],{},"split()"," instead:",[54,60807,60809],{"className":56,"code":60808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60810,60811,60829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60812,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60814,4403],{"class":69},[63,60816,74],{"class":73},[63,60818,824],{"class":116},[63,60820,60683],{"class":120},[63,60822,117],{"class":116},[63,60824,259],{"class":81},[63,60826,34762],{"class":145},[63,60828,279],{"class":81},[63,60830,60831,60833,60835,60837],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60832,140],{"class":139},[63,60834,113],{"class":81},[63,60836,4445],{"class":145},[63,60838,126],{"class":81},[14,60840,60841],{},[1217,60842,163],{},[54,60844,60846],{"className":56,"code":60845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60847,60848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60849,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862,60865,60867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60851,173],{"class":81},[63,60853,193],{"class":116},[63,60855,1995],{"class":120},[63,60857,193],{"class":116},[63,60859,89],{"class":81},[63,60861,203],{"class":116},[63,60863,60864],{"class":120},"world",[63,60866,193],{"class":116},[63,60868,186],{"class":81},[486,60870,60872],{"id":60871},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60874,60875],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[54,60877,60879],{"className":56,"code":60878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60880,60881,60885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60882,60883],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60884,1911],{"class":1910},[63,60886,60887,60889,60891,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,60888,1755],{"class":69},[63,60890,74],{"class":73},[63,60892,1091],{"class":81},[63,60894,117],{"class":116},[63,60896,827],{"class":120},[63,60898,117],{"class":116},[63,60900,89],{"class":81},[63,60902,824],{"class":116},[63,60904,60905],{"class":120},"Ben', ",[63,60907,117],{"class":116},[63,60909,36244],{"class":69},[63,60911,117],{"class":116},[63,60913,186],{"class":120},[14,60915,60916],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[54,60918,60920],{"className":56,"code":60919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60921,60922],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60923,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60925,1755],{"class":69},[63,60927,74],{"class":73},[63,60929,1091],{"class":81},[63,60931,117],{"class":116},[63,60933,827],{"class":120},[63,60935,117],{"class":116},[63,60937,89],{"class":81},[63,60939,824],{"class":116},[63,60941,1772],{"class":120},[63,60943,117],{"class":116},[63,60945,89],{"class":81},[63,60947,824],{"class":116},[63,60949,36244],{"class":120},[63,60951,117],{"class":116},[63,60953,186],{"class":81},[486,60955,60957],{"id":60956},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60959,60960],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[29,60962,60963,60966,60969,60974],{},[32,60964,60965],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[32,60967,60968],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[32,60970,60971,60972],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60973,20],{},[32,60975,8769,60976,60979],{},[18,60977,60978],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[486,60981,60983],{"id":60982},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[54,60985,60987],{"className":56,"code":60986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60988,60989,60999,61013,61027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,60990,60991,60993,60995,60997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,60992,140],{"class":139},[63,60994,113],{"class":81},[63,60996,8654],{"class":145},[63,60998,126],{"class":81},[63,61000,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61002,140],{"class":139},[63,61004,113],{"class":81},[63,61006,3557],{"class":77},[63,61008,113],{"class":81},[63,61010,8654],{"class":145},[63,61012,100],{"class":81},[63,61014,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61016,140],{"class":139},[63,61018,113],{"class":81},[63,61020,11468],{"class":139},[63,61022,113],{"class":81},[63,61024,8654],{"class":145},[63,61026,100],{"class":81},[63,61028,61029,61031,61033,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61030,140],{"class":139},[63,61032,113],{"class":81},[63,61034,276],{"class":77},[63,61036,113],{"class":81},[63,61038,40],{"class":139},[63,61040,113],{"class":81},[63,61042,661],{"class":85},[63,61044,1965],{"class":81},[14,61046,26299],{},[29,61048,61049,61052,61055,61058],{},[32,61050,61051],{},"what the list contains",[32,61053,61054],{},"whether the value is really a list",[32,61056,61057],{},"how many items it has",[32,61059,26310,61060,61062,61063],{},[18,61061,20],{}," does with ",[18,61064,716],{},[49,61066,61068],{"id":61067},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,61070,61071],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,61073,61074],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[29,61076,61077,61092,61097],{},[32,61078,222,61079,2524,61083,17369,61087,61091],{},[196,61080,61081],{"href":57050},[18,61082,1724],{},[196,61084,61085],{"href":53631},[18,61086,53733],{},[196,61088,61089],{"href":54195},[18,61090,54555],{}," to add items later",[32,61093,222,61094,61096],{},[196,61095,59677],{"href":257}," for a broader introduction",[32,61098,222,61099,61103],{},[196,61100,61101,60335],{"href":60332},[18,61102,20],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[49,61105,2165],{"id":2164},[486,61107,61109],{"id":61108},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61111,61112],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[54,61114,61115],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,61116,61117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61118,61119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61120,364],{"class":81},[486,61122,61124],{"id":61123},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61126,61127],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[54,61129,61130],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,61131,61132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61133,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61135,173],{"class":81},[63,61137,86],{"class":85},[63,61139,89],{"class":81},[63,61141,92],{"class":85},[63,61143,89],{"class":81},[63,61145,97],{"class":85},[63,61147,186],{"class":81},[486,61149,5469,61151,61153],{"id":61150},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,61152,20],{}," do in Python?",[14,61155,61156,61157,61159],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,61158,716],{},", into a list.",[486,61161,61163],{"id":61162},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61165,61166],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[486,61168,2169,61170,4726,61172,2827],{"id":61169},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,61171,479],{},[18,61173,7686],{},[14,61175,61176,61178,61179,61181],{},[18,61177,479],{}," creates a list. ",[18,61180,7686],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[49,61183,2219],{"id":2218},[29,61185,61186,61190,61196,61202,61208,61214,61218],{},[32,61187,61188],{},[196,61189,59677],{"href":257},[32,61191,61192],{},[196,61193,55805,61194,11629],{"href":57050},[18,61195,1724],{},[32,61197,61198],{},[196,61199,55805,61200,11629],{"href":53631},[18,61201,53733],{},[32,61203,61204],{},[196,61205,55805,61206,11629],{"href":54195},[18,61207,54555],{},[32,61209,61210],{},[196,61211,3912,61212,3916],{"href":60332},[18,61213,20],{},[32,61215,61216],{},[196,61217,59680],{"href":58775},[32,61219,61220],{},[196,61221,61222],{"href":12374},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61224,61225,61226,61228],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,61227,1724],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2259,61230,61231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":61233},[61234,61235,61236,61237,61240,61241,61247,61248,61258,61259,61268],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":59572,"depth":103,"text":59573},{"id":59683,"depth":103,"text":59684,"children":61238},[61239],{"id":59885,"depth":129,"text":59886},{"id":326,"depth":103,"text":327},{"id":60096,"depth":103,"text":61242,"children":61243},"Create a list with list()",[61244,61245,61246],{"id":60121,"depth":129,"text":60122},{"id":60194,"depth":129,"text":60195},{"id":60258,"depth":129,"text":60259},{"id":60338,"depth":103,"text":60339},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":61249},[61250,61251,61253,61255,61256,61257],{"id":60475,"depth":129,"text":60476},{"id":60534,"depth":129,"text":61252},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60654,"depth":129,"text":61254},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60871,"depth":129,"text":60872},{"id":60956,"depth":129,"text":60957},{"id":60982,"depth":129,"text":60983},{"id":61067,"depth":103,"text":61068},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":61260},[61261,61262,61263,61265,61266],{"id":61108,"depth":129,"text":61109},{"id":61123,"depth":129,"text":61124},{"id":61150,"depth":129,"text":61264},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61162,"depth":129,"text":61163},{"id":61169,"depth":129,"text":61267},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59314,"description":61269},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61276,"title":61277,"body":61278,"description":63018,"extension":2300,"meta":63019,"navigation":132,"path":63020,"seo":63021,"stem":63022,"__hash__":63023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61279,"toc":62973},[61280,61285,61290,61293,61295,61366,61371,61376,61380,61394,61399,61401,61421,61426,61428,61451,61455,61460,61552,61554,61576,61582,61588,61595,61602,61608,61665,61671,61729,61731,61743,61751,61757,61762,61766,61823,61826,61830,61889,61892,61896,61954,61966,61970,62023,62026,62030,62036,62042,62104,62107,62168,62171,62227,62232,62234,62238,62245,62306,62311,62320,62376,62383,62387,62445,62454,62512,62516,62551,62555,62565,62568,62623,62637,62640,62755,62760,62764,62775,62777,62856,62866,62868,62873,62878,62885,62893,62899,62902,62908,62911,62917,62923,62925,62961,62970],[10,61281,54628,61283,11629],{"id":61282},"python-list-extend-method",[18,61284,53733],{},[14,61286,61287,61289],{},[18,61288,53634],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61291,61292],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[49,61294,52],{"id":51},[54,61296,61298],{"className":56,"code":61297,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61299,61300,61316,61333,61337,61352,61362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61303,70],{"class":69},[63,61305,74],{"class":73},[63,61307,1091],{"class":81},[63,61309,86],{"class":85},[63,61311,89],{"class":81},[63,61313,92],{"class":85},[63,61315,186],{"class":81},[63,61317,61318,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61319,61320],{"class":69},"more_numbers ",[63,61322,74],{"class":73},[63,61324,1091],{"class":81},[63,61326,1248],{"class":85},[63,61328,89],{"class":81},[63,61330,705],{"class":85},[63,61332,186],{"class":81},[63,61334,61335],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61336,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61338,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61350],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61340,146],{"class":69},[63,61342,259],{"class":81},[63,61344,53763],{"class":145},[63,61346,113],{"class":81},[63,61348,61349],{"class":145},"more_numbers",[63,61351,126],{"class":81},[63,61353,61354,61356,61358,61360],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61355,140],{"class":139},[63,61357,113],{"class":81},[63,61359,146],{"class":145},[63,61361,126],{"class":81},[63,61363,61364],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,61365,53014],{"class":1910},[14,61367,222,61368,61370],{},[18,61369,53733],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[49,61372,4014,61374,4017],{"id":61373},"what-listextend-does",[18,61375,53634],{},[14,61377,61378,821],{},[18,61379,53733],{},[29,61381,61382,61385,61387,61390],{},[32,61383,61384],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[32,61386,54714],{},[32,61388,61389],{},"Does not create a new list",[32,61391,11731,61392],{},[18,61393,4115],{},[14,61395,61396,61397,54088],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,61398,53733],{},[49,61400,263],{"id":262},[54,61402,61404],{"className":56,"code":61403,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,61405,61406],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61407,61408,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61409,61410],{"class":69},"list_name",[63,61412,259],{"class":81},[63,61414,53763],{"class":145},[63,61416,113],{"class":81},[63,61418,288],{"class":145},[63,61420,126],{"class":81},[14,61422,5774,61423,61425],{},[1217,61424,288],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61427,927],{},[29,61429,61430,61434,61438,61442,61447],{},[32,61431,61432],{},[18,61433,276],{},[32,61435,61436],{},[18,61437,49245],{},[32,61439,61440],{},[18,61441,6607],{},[32,61443,61444],{},[18,61445,61446],{},"string",[32,61448,61449],{},[18,61450,40],{},[49,61452,61454],{"id":61453},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61456,61457,61458,821],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,61459,53733],{},[54,61461,61463],{"className":56,"code":61462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,61464,61465,61489,61514,61518,61533,61537,61547],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61466,61467,61469,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61468,36529],{"class":69},[63,61470,74],{"class":73},[63,61472,1091],{"class":81},[63,61474,117],{"class":116},[63,61476,408],{"class":120},[63,61478,117],{"class":116},[63,61480,89],{"class":81},[63,61482,824],{"class":116},[63,61484,427],{"class":120},[63,61486,117],{"class":116},[63,61488,186],{"class":81},[63,61490,61491,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61492,61493],{"class":69},"more_fruits ",[63,61495,74],{"class":73},[63,61497,1091],{"class":81},[63,61499,117],{"class":116},[63,61501,33513],{"class":120},[63,61503,117],{"class":116},[63,61505,89],{"class":81},[63,61507,824],{"class":116},[63,61509,22826],{"class":120},[63,61511,117],{"class":116},[63,61513,186],{"class":81},[63,61515,61516],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61517,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61519,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61531],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61521,36581],{"class":69},[63,61523,259],{"class":81},[63,61525,53763],{"class":145},[63,61527,113],{"class":81},[63,61529,61530],{"class":145},"more_fruits",[63,61532,126],{"class":81},[63,61534,61535],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61536,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61538,61539,61541,61543,61545],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,61540,140],{"class":139},[63,61542,113],{"class":81},[63,61544,36581],{"class":145},[63,61546,126],{"class":81},[63,61548,61549],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,61550,61551],{"class":1910},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61553,11992],{},[29,61555,61556,61561,61566],{},[32,61557,61558,61560],{},[18,61559,36581],{}," starts with two items",[32,61562,61563,61565],{},[18,61564,61530],{}," has two more items",[32,61567,61568,61570,61571,61573,61574],{},[18,61569,53733],{}," adds each item from ",[18,61572,61530],{}," to ",[18,61575,36581],{},[14,61577,61578,61579,61581],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,61580,36581],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61583,54853,61584,4726,61586,259],{},[196,61585,258],{"href":257},[196,61587,57435],{"href":57434},[49,61589,61591,10891,61593],{"id":61590},"extend-vs-append",[18,61592,53733],{},[18,61594,1724],{},[14,61596,61597,4726,61599,61601],{},[18,61598,53733],{},[18,61600,1724],{}," are often confused.",[486,61603,61605,61607],{"id":61604},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,61606,53733],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[54,61609,61611],{"className":56,"code":61610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61612,61613,61629,61647,61651,61661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625,61627],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61616,70],{"class":69},[63,61618,74],{"class":73},[63,61620,1091],{"class":81},[63,61622,86],{"class":85},[63,61624,89],{"class":81},[63,61626,92],{"class":85},[63,61628,186],{"class":81},[63,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61632,146],{"class":69},[63,61634,259],{"class":81},[63,61636,53763],{"class":145},[63,61638,2071],{"class":81},[63,61640,1248],{"class":85},[63,61642,89],{"class":81},[63,61644,705],{"class":85},[63,61646,2080],{"class":81},[63,61648,61649],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61650,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61652,61653,61655,61657,61659],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61654,140],{"class":139},[63,61656,113],{"class":81},[63,61658,146],{"class":145},[63,61660,126],{"class":81},[63,61662,61663],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61664,53014],{"class":1910},[486,61666,61668,61670],{"id":61667},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,61669,1724],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[54,61672,61674],{"className":56,"code":61673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,61675,61676,61692,61710,61714,61724],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61677,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61679,70],{"class":69},[63,61681,74],{"class":73},[63,61683,1091],{"class":81},[63,61685,86],{"class":85},[63,61687,89],{"class":81},[63,61689,92],{"class":85},[63,61691,186],{"class":81},[63,61693,61694,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61695,146],{"class":69},[63,61697,259],{"class":81},[63,61699,401],{"class":145},[63,61701,2071],{"class":81},[63,61703,1248],{"class":85},[63,61705,89],{"class":81},[63,61707,705],{"class":85},[63,61709,2080],{"class":81},[63,61711,61712],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61713,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61715,61716,61718,61720,61722],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61717,140],{"class":139},[63,61719,113],{"class":81},[63,61721,146],{"class":145},[63,61723,126],{"class":81},[63,61725,61726],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61727,61728],{"class":1910},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61730,1937],{},[29,61732,61733,61738],{},[32,61734,61735,61737],{},[18,61736,53733],{}," to combine values",[32,61739,61740,61742],{},[18,61741,1724],{}," to add one item",[14,61744,42383,61745,4726,61749,259],{},[196,61746,55805,61747,11046],{"href":57050},[18,61748,1724],{},[196,61750,1884],{"href":1883},[49,61752,8733,61754,61756],{"id":61753},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61755,53733],{}," with different iterables",[14,61758,61759,61761],{},[18,61760,53733],{}," works with more than just lists.",[486,61763,61765],{"id":61764},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[54,61767,61769],{"className":56,"code":61768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61770,61771,61787,61805,61809,61819],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61772,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61774,731],{"class":69},[63,61776,74],{"class":73},[63,61778,1091],{"class":81},[63,61780,86],{"class":85},[63,61782,89],{"class":81},[63,61784,92],{"class":85},[63,61786,186],{"class":81},[63,61788,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61790,763],{"class":69},[63,61792,259],{"class":81},[63,61794,53763],{"class":145},[63,61796,82],{"class":81},[63,61798,1248],{"class":85},[63,61800,89],{"class":81},[63,61802,705],{"class":85},[63,61804,100],{"class":81},[63,61806,61807],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61808,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61812,140],{"class":139},[63,61814,113],{"class":81},[63,61816,763],{"class":145},[63,61818,126],{"class":81},[63,61820,61821],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61822,53014],{"class":1910},[14,61824,61825],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[486,61827,61829],{"id":61828},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[54,61831,61833],{"className":56,"code":61832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61834,61835,61851,61870,61874,61884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61836,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61838,106],{"class":69},[63,61840,74],{"class":73},[63,61842,1091],{"class":81},[63,61844,117],{"class":116},[63,61846,196],{"class":120},[63,61848,117],{"class":116},[63,61850,186],{"class":81},[63,61852,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61866,61868],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61854,158],{"class":69},[63,61856,259],{"class":81},[63,61858,53763],{"class":145},[63,61860,113],{"class":81},[63,61862,117],{"class":116},[63,61864,61865],{"class":120},"bc",[63,61867,117],{"class":116},[63,61869,126],{"class":81},[63,61871,61872],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61873,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61875,61876,61878,61880,61882],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61877,140],{"class":139},[63,61879,113],{"class":81},[63,61881,158],{"class":145},[63,61883,126],{"class":81},[63,61885,61886],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61887,61888],{"class":1910},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61890,61891],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[486,61893,61895],{"id":61894},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[54,61897,61899],{"className":56,"code":61898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61900,61901,61913,61935,61939,61949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61902,61903,61905,61907,61909,61911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61904,70],{"class":69},[63,61906,74],{"class":73},[63,61908,1091],{"class":81},[63,61910,687],{"class":85},[63,61912,186],{"class":81},[63,61914,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61916,146],{"class":69},[63,61918,259],{"class":81},[63,61920,53763],{"class":145},[63,61922,113],{"class":81},[63,61924,40],{"class":139},[63,61926,113],{"class":81},[63,61928,86],{"class":85},[63,61930,89],{"class":81},[63,61932,705],{"class":85},[63,61934,100],{"class":81},[63,61936,61937],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,61938,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,61940,61941,61943,61945,61947],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,61942,140],{"class":139},[63,61944,113],{"class":81},[63,61946,146],{"class":145},[63,61948,126],{"class":81},[63,61950,61951],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,61952,61953],{"class":1910},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61955,61956,61959,61960,2524,61962,17369,61964,259],{},[18,61957,61958],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61961,86],{},[18,61963,2394],{},[18,61965,1248],{},[486,61967,61969],{"id":61968},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[54,61971,61973],{"className":56,"code":61972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61974,61975,61991,62009,62013],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,61976,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,61978,342],{"class":69},[63,61980,74],{"class":73},[63,61982,1091],{"class":81},[63,61984,86],{"class":85},[63,61986,89],{"class":81},[63,61988,92],{"class":85},[63,61990,186],{"class":81},[63,61992,61993,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,61994,357],{"class":69},[63,61996,259],{"class":81},[63,61998,53763],{"class":145},[63,62000,738],{"class":81},[63,62002,1248],{"class":85},[63,62004,89],{"class":81},[63,62006,705],{"class":85},[63,62008,754],{"class":81},[63,62010,62011],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62012,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62014,62015,62017,62019,62021],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62016,140],{"class":139},[63,62018,113],{"class":81},[63,62020,357],{"class":145},[63,62022,126],{"class":81},[14,62024,62025],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[49,62027,62029],{"id":62028},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,62031,62032,2732,62034,259],{},[18,62033,53733],{},[18,62035,4115],{},[14,62037,62038,62039,821],{},"That means this is ",[1217,62040,62041],{},"wrong",[54,62043,62045],{"className":56,"code":62044,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,62046,62047,62063,62085,62089,62099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62048,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62050,70],{"class":69},[63,62052,74],{"class":73},[63,62054,1091],{"class":81},[63,62056,86],{"class":85},[63,62058,89],{"class":81},[63,62060,92],{"class":85},[63,62062,186],{"class":81},[63,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62066,851],{"class":69},[63,62068,74],{"class":73},[63,62070,4595],{"class":69},[63,62072,259],{"class":81},[63,62074,53763],{"class":145},[63,62076,2071],{"class":81},[63,62078,1248],{"class":85},[63,62080,89],{"class":81},[63,62082,705],{"class":85},[63,62084,2080],{"class":81},[63,62086,62087],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62088,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62090,62091,62093,62095,62097],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62092,140],{"class":139},[63,62094,113],{"class":81},[63,62096,875],{"class":145},[63,62098,126],{"class":81},[63,62100,62101],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62102,62103],{"class":1910},"# None\n",[14,62105,62106],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[54,62108,62110],{"className":56,"code":62109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62111,62112,62128,62150,62154,62164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62113,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62115,70],{"class":69},[63,62117,74],{"class":73},[63,62119,1091],{"class":81},[63,62121,86],{"class":85},[63,62123,89],{"class":81},[63,62125,92],{"class":85},[63,62127,186],{"class":81},[63,62129,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62131,70],{"class":69},[63,62133,74],{"class":73},[63,62135,4595],{"class":69},[63,62137,259],{"class":81},[63,62139,53763],{"class":145},[63,62141,2071],{"class":81},[63,62143,1248],{"class":85},[63,62145,89],{"class":81},[63,62147,705],{"class":85},[63,62149,2080],{"class":81},[63,62151,62152],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62153,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62155,62156,62158,62160,62162],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62157,140],{"class":139},[63,62159,113],{"class":81},[63,62161,146],{"class":145},[63,62163,126],{"class":81},[63,62165,62166],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62167,62103],{"class":1910},[14,62169,62170],{},"The correct way is:",[54,62172,62173],{"className":56,"code":61610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,62174,62175,62191,62209,62213,62223],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62176,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62178,70],{"class":69},[63,62180,74],{"class":73},[63,62182,1091],{"class":81},[63,62184,86],{"class":85},[63,62186,89],{"class":81},[63,62188,92],{"class":85},[63,62190,186],{"class":81},[63,62192,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62194,146],{"class":69},[63,62196,259],{"class":81},[63,62198,53763],{"class":145},[63,62200,2071],{"class":81},[63,62202,1248],{"class":85},[63,62204,89],{"class":81},[63,62206,705],{"class":85},[63,62208,2080],{"class":81},[63,62210,62211],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62212,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62214,62215,62217,62219,62221],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62216,140],{"class":139},[63,62218,113],{"class":81},[63,62220,146],{"class":145},[63,62222,126],{"class":81},[63,62224,62225],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62226,53014],{"class":1910},[14,62228,56194,62229,62231],{},[18,62230,53733],{}," first, then use the original list.",[49,62233,1888],{"id":1887},[14,62235,15029,62236,259],{},[18,62237,53733],{},[486,62239,62241,62242,62244],{"id":62240},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,62243,53733],{}," to return a new list",[54,62246,62248],{"className":56,"code":62247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,62249,62250,62266,62288,62292,62302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62251,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62253,70],{"class":69},[63,62255,74],{"class":73},[63,62257,1091],{"class":81},[63,62259,86],{"class":85},[63,62261,89],{"class":81},[63,62263,92],{"class":85},[63,62265,186],{"class":81},[63,62267,62268,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284,62286],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62269,55927],{"class":69},[63,62271,74],{"class":73},[63,62273,4595],{"class":69},[63,62275,259],{"class":81},[63,62277,53763],{"class":145},[63,62279,2071],{"class":81},[63,62281,1248],{"class":85},[63,62283,89],{"class":81},[63,62285,705],{"class":85},[63,62287,2080],{"class":81},[63,62289,62290],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62291,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62293,62294,62296,62298,62300],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62295,140],{"class":139},[63,62297,113],{"class":81},[63,62299,55946],{"class":145},[63,62301,126],{"class":81},[63,62303,62304],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62305,62103],{"class":1910},[14,62307,62308,62309,259],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,62310,53733],{},[486,62312,62314,62315,44921,62317,62319],{"id":62313},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,62316,1724],{},[18,62318,53733],{}," is needed",[54,62321,62322],{"className":56,"code":61673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,62323,62324,62340,62358,62362,62372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62325,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62327,70],{"class":69},[63,62329,74],{"class":73},[63,62331,1091],{"class":81},[63,62333,86],{"class":85},[63,62335,89],{"class":81},[63,62337,92],{"class":85},[63,62339,186],{"class":81},[63,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62343,146],{"class":69},[63,62345,259],{"class":81},[63,62347,401],{"class":145},[63,62349,2071],{"class":81},[63,62351,1248],{"class":85},[63,62353,89],{"class":81},[63,62355,705],{"class":85},[63,62357,2080],{"class":81},[63,62359,62360],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62361,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62363,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62365,140],{"class":139},[63,62367,113],{"class":81},[63,62369,146],{"class":145},[63,62371,126],{"class":81},[63,62373,62374],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62375,61728],{"class":1910},[14,62377,62378,62379,54178,62381,6951],{},"If you wanted ",[18,62380,54177],{},[18,62382,53733],{},[486,62384,62386],{"id":62385},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[54,62388,62390],{"className":56,"code":62389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,62391,62392,62408,62426,62430,62440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62393,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62395,4403],{"class":69},[63,62397,74],{"class":73},[63,62399,1091],{"class":81},[63,62401,117],{"class":116},[63,62403,1995],{"class":120},[63,62405,117],{"class":116},[63,62407,186],{"class":81},[63,62409,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62411,4445],{"class":69},[63,62413,259],{"class":81},[63,62415,53763],{"class":145},[63,62417,113],{"class":81},[63,62419,117],{"class":116},[63,62421,60864],{"class":120},[63,62423,117],{"class":116},[63,62425,126],{"class":81},[63,62427,62428],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62429,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62431,62432,62434,62436,62438],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62433,140],{"class":139},[63,62435,113],{"class":81},[63,62437,4445],{"class":145},[63,62439,126],{"class":81},[63,62441,62442],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62443,62444],{"class":1910},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62446,62447,62448,62451,62452,821],{},"If you want ",[18,62449,62450],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,62453,1724],{},[54,62455,62457],{"className":56,"code":62456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,62458,62459,62475,62493,62497,62507],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62460,62461,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62462,4403],{"class":69},[63,62464,74],{"class":73},[63,62466,1091],{"class":81},[63,62468,117],{"class":116},[63,62470,1995],{"class":120},[63,62472,117],{"class":116},[63,62474,186],{"class":81},[63,62476,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62478,4445],{"class":69},[63,62480,259],{"class":81},[63,62482,401],{"class":145},[63,62484,113],{"class":81},[63,62486,117],{"class":116},[63,62488,60864],{"class":120},[63,62490,117],{"class":116},[63,62492,126],{"class":81},[63,62494,62495],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62496,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62498,62499,62501,62503,62505],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62500,140],{"class":139},[63,62502,113],{"class":81},[63,62504,4445],{"class":145},[63,62506,126],{"class":81},[63,62508,62509],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62510,62511],{"class":1910},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[486,62513,62515],{"id":62514},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[54,62517,62519],{"className":56,"code":62518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,62520,62521,62537],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62522,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62524,70],{"class":69},[63,62526,74],{"class":73},[63,62528,1091],{"class":81},[63,62530,86],{"class":85},[63,62532,89],{"class":81},[63,62534,92],{"class":85},[63,62536,186],{"class":81},[63,62538,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62540,146],{"class":69},[63,62542,259],{"class":81},[63,62544,53763],{"class":145},[63,62546,113],{"class":81},[63,62548,661],{"class":85},[63,62550,126],{"class":81},[14,62552,39943,62553,6871],{},[18,62554,661],{},[14,62556,62557,62558,62560,62561,62564],{},"You will get a ",[18,62559,1032],{},". See ",[196,62562,62563],{"href":1064},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62566,62567],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[54,62569,62571],{"className":56,"code":62570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62572,62573,62583,62597,62609],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62574,62575,62577,62579,62581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62576,140],{"class":139},[63,62578,113],{"class":81},[63,62580,8654],{"class":145},[63,62582,126],{"class":81},[63,62584,62585,62587,62589,62591,62593,62595],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62586,140],{"class":139},[63,62588,113],{"class":81},[63,62590,3557],{"class":77},[63,62592,113],{"class":81},[63,62594,763],{"class":145},[63,62596,100],{"class":81},[63,62598,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62600,140],{"class":139},[63,62602,113],{"class":81},[63,62604,875],{"class":145},[63,62606,3997],{"class":81},[63,62608,126],{"class":69},[63,62610,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62612,32444],{"class":139},[63,62614,113],{"class":81},[63,62616,276],{"class":77},[63,62618,259],{"class":81},[63,62620,53763],{"class":25042},[63,62622,126],{"class":81},[43871,62624,62625],{},[14,62626,62627,62628,62631,62632,62634,62635,259],{},"Note: ",[18,62629,62630],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,62633,3997],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,62636,33319],{},[14,62638,62639],{},"Correct debugging example:",[54,62641,62643],{"className":56,"code":62642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,62644,62645,62661,62677,62681,62695,62699,62707,62717,62731,62741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62646,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62648,8623],{"class":69},[63,62650,74],{"class":73},[63,62652,1091],{"class":81},[63,62654,86],{"class":85},[63,62656,89],{"class":81},[63,62658,92],{"class":85},[63,62660,186],{"class":81},[63,62662,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62664,731],{"class":69},[63,62666,74],{"class":73},[63,62668,1091],{"class":81},[63,62670,1248],{"class":85},[63,62672,89],{"class":81},[63,62674,705],{"class":85},[63,62676,186],{"class":81},[63,62678,62679],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62680,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62684,8654],{"class":69},[63,62686,259],{"class":81},[63,62688,53763],{"class":145},[63,62690,113],{"class":81},[63,62692,763],{"class":145},[63,62694,126],{"class":81},[63,62696,62697],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62698,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62700,62701,62703,62705],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,62702,851],{"class":69},[63,62704,74],{"class":73},[63,62706,48819],{"class":1205},[63,62708,62709,62711,62713,62715],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,62710,140],{"class":139},[63,62712,113],{"class":81},[63,62714,8654],{"class":145},[63,62716,126],{"class":81},[63,62718,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,62720,140],{"class":139},[63,62722,113],{"class":81},[63,62724,3557],{"class":77},[63,62726,113],{"class":81},[63,62728,763],{"class":145},[63,62730,100],{"class":81},[63,62732,62733,62735,62737,62739],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,62734,140],{"class":139},[63,62736,113],{"class":81},[63,62738,875],{"class":145},[63,62740,126],{"class":81},[63,62742,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,62744,32444],{"class":139},[63,62746,113],{"class":81},[63,62748,276],{"class":77},[63,62750,259],{"class":81},[63,62752,53763],{"class":25042},[63,62754,126],{"class":81},[49,62756,5292,62758],{"id":62757},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62759,53733],{},[14,62761,222,62762,6637],{},[18,62763,53733],{},[29,62765,62766,62769,62772],{},[32,62767,62768],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[32,62770,62771],{},"Add multiple values at once",[32,62773,62774],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62776,5794],{},[54,62778,62780],{"className":56,"code":62779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62781,62782,62799,62817,62821,62837,62841,62851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,62783,62784,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,62785,62786],{"class":69},"all_scores ",[63,62788,74],{"class":73},[63,62790,1091],{"class":81},[63,62792,1788],{"class":85},[63,62794,89],{"class":81},[63,62796,1793],{"class":85},[63,62798,186],{"class":81},[63,62800,62801,62804,62806,62808,62810,62812,62815],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,62802,62803],{"class":69},"new_scores ",[63,62805,74],{"class":73},[63,62807,1091],{"class":81},[63,62809,51797],{"class":85},[63,62811,89],{"class":81},[63,62813,62814],{"class":85}," 92",[63,62816,186],{"class":81},[63,62818,62819],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,62820,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62822,62823,62826,62828,62830,62832,62835],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,62824,62825],{"class":69},"all_scores",[63,62827,259],{"class":81},[63,62829,53763],{"class":145},[63,62831,113],{"class":81},[63,62833,62834],{"class":145},"new_scores",[63,62836,126],{"class":81},[63,62838,62839],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,62840,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,62842,62843,62845,62847,62849],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,62844,140],{"class":139},[63,62846,113],{"class":81},[63,62848,62825],{"class":145},[63,62850,126],{"class":81},[63,62852,62853],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,62854,62855],{"class":1910},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62857,62858,62859,62861,62862,259],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62860,1724],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[196,62863,55805,62864,11046],{"href":54195},[18,62865,54555],{},[49,62867,2165],{"id":2164},[486,62869,13011,62871,55754],{"id":62870},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62872,53634],{},[14,62874,62875,62876,259],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62877,4115],{},[486,62879,2169,62881,4726,62883,2827],{"id":62880},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62882,53733],{},[18,62884,1724],{},[14,62886,62887,62889,62890,62892],{},[18,62888,53733],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62891,1724],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[486,62894,28619,62896,62898],{"id":62895},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62897,53733],{}," with a string?",[14,62900,62901],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[486,62903,28619,62905,62907],{"id":62904},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62906,53733],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62909,62910],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[486,62912,62914,62915,2827],{"id":62913},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62916,53733],{},[14,62918,62919,62920,62922],{},"You get a ",[18,62921,1032],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[49,62924,2219],{"id":2218},[29,62926,62927,62933,62937,62941,62945,62951,62955],{},[32,62928,62929],{},[196,62930,55805,62931,11046],{"href":57050},[18,62932,1724],{},[32,62934,62935],{},[196,62936,2257],{"href":1883},[32,62938,62939],{},[196,62940,57509],{"href":57434},[32,62942,62943],{},[196,62944,258],{"href":257},[32,62946,62947],{},[196,62948,55805,62949,11046],{"href":54195},[18,62950,54555],{},[32,62952,62953],{},[196,62954,62563],{"href":1064},[32,62956,62957],{},[196,62958,55805,62959,11046],{"href":55246},[18,62960,13084],{},[14,62962,62963,62964,62966,62967,62969],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62965,1724],{},", when to use ",[18,62968,54555],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2259,62971,62972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":62974},[62975,62976,62978,62979,62980,62987,62994,62995,63003,63005,63017],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":61373,"depth":103,"text":62977},"What list.extend() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":61453,"depth":103,"text":61454},{"id":61590,"depth":103,"text":62981,"children":62982},"extend() vs append()",[62983,62985],{"id":61604,"depth":129,"text":62984},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61667,"depth":129,"text":62986},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61753,"depth":103,"text":62988,"children":62989},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62990,62991,62992,62993],{"id":61764,"depth":129,"text":61765},{"id":61828,"depth":129,"text":61829},{"id":61894,"depth":129,"text":61895},{"id":61968,"depth":129,"text":61969},{"id":62028,"depth":103,"text":62029},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":62996},[62997,62999,63001,63002],{"id":62240,"depth":129,"text":62998},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62313,"depth":129,"text":63000},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62385,"depth":129,"text":62386},{"id":62514,"depth":129,"text":62515},{"id":62757,"depth":103,"text":63004},"When to use extend()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":63006},[63007,63009,63011,63013,63015],{"id":62870,"depth":129,"text":63008},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62880,"depth":129,"text":63010},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62895,"depth":129,"text":63012},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62904,"depth":129,"text":63014},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62913,"depth":129,"text":63016},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64952,"toc":66276},[64953,64958,64964,64973,64975,65048,65057,65062,65066,65082,65086,65088,65090,65109,65112,65140,65143,65168,65176,65178,65183,65190,65192,65249,65251,65259,65265,65269,65272,65345,65347,65355,65358,65381,65388,65394,65398,65404,65475,65477,65485,65494,65501,65508,65516,65660,65662,65679,65682,65721,65724,65728,65733,65735,65794,65800,65803,65910,65912,65927,65930,65937,65939,65943,66091,66094,66155,66158,66161,66182,66187,66191,66202,66205,66207,66212,66215,66223,66228,66234,66237,66243,66251,66253,66273],[10,64954,54628,64956,11629],{"id":64955},"python-list-index-method",[18,64957,59249],{},[14,64959,64960,64963],{},[18,64961,64962],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64965,64966,64967,64970,64971,259],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1217,64968,64969],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64972,40994],{},[49,64974,3946],{"id":3945},[54,64976,64978],{"className":56,"code":64977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64979,64980,65012,65035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,64981,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,64983,342],{"class":69},[63,64985,74],{"class":73},[63,64987,1091],{"class":81},[63,64989,117],{"class":116},[63,64991,408],{"class":120},[63,64993,117],{"class":116},[63,64995,89],{"class":81},[63,64997,824],{"class":116},[63,64999,427],{"class":120},[63,65001,117],{"class":116},[63,65003,89],{"class":81},[63,65005,824],{"class":116},[63,65007,4428],{"class":120},[63,65009,117],{"class":116},[63,65011,186],{"class":81},[63,65013,65014,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65015,65016],{"class":69},"position ",[63,65018,74],{"class":73},[63,65020,6285],{"class":69},[63,65022,259],{"class":81},[63,65024,36141],{"class":145},[63,65026,113],{"class":81},[63,65028,117],{"class":116},[63,65030,427],{"class":120},[63,65032,117],{"class":116},[63,65034,126],{"class":81},[63,65036,65037,65039,65041,65044,65046],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65038,140],{"class":139},[63,65040,113],{"class":81},[63,65042,65043],{"class":145},"position",[63,65045,3997],{"class":81},[63,65047,28070],{"class":1910},[14,65049,222,65050,65053,65054,65056],{},[18,65051,65052],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,65055,40994],{}," if the item is not found.",[49,65058,4014,65060,4017],{"id":65059},"what-listindex-does",[18,65061,64962],{},[14,65063,65064,821],{},[18,65065,64962],{},[29,65067,65068,65071,65074,65079],{},[32,65069,65070],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[32,65072,65073],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[32,65075,65076,65077],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,65078,687],{},[32,65080,65081],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65083,54853,65084,259],{},[196,65085,258],{"href":54856},[49,65087,263],{"id":262},[14,65089,31016],{},[54,65091,65093],{"className":56,"code":65092,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,65094,65095],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65096,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65098,8654],{"class":69},[63,65100,259],{"class":81},[63,65102,36141],{"class":145},[63,65104,113],{"class":81},[63,65106,2807],{"class":145},[63,65108,126],{"class":81},[14,65110,65111],{},"You can also limit the search:",[54,65113,65115],{"className":56,"code":65114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,65116,65117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65118,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65138],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65120,8654],{"class":69},[63,65122,259],{"class":81},[63,65124,36141],{"class":145},[63,65126,113],{"class":81},[63,65128,2807],{"class":145},[63,65130,89],{"class":81},[63,65132,36346],{"class":145},[63,65134,89],{"class":81},[63,65136,65137],{"class":145}," end",[63,65139,126],{"class":81},[14,65141,65142],{},"Here is what each part means:",[29,65144,65145,65150,65155,65160],{},[32,65146,65147,65149],{},[18,65148,2807],{},": the item to search for",[32,65151,65152,65154],{},[18,65153,36367],{},": where the search begins",[32,65156,65157,65159],{},[18,65158,52951],{},": where the search stops",[32,65161,65162,5114,65164,65167],{},[18,65163,52951],{},[1217,65165,65166],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65169,65170,65171,65173,65174,259],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,65172,36367],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,65175,52951],{},[49,65177,38311],{"id":38310},[14,65179,65180,65182],{},[18,65181,64962],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65184,65185,65186,65189],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1217,65187,65188],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65191,2543],{},[54,65193,65195],{"className":56,"code":65194,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,65196,65197,65217,65235,65239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65198,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65200,70],{"class":69},[63,65202,74],{"class":73},[63,65204,1091],{"class":81},[63,65206,741],{"class":85},[63,65208,89],{"class":81},[63,65210,746],{"class":85},[63,65212,89],{"class":81},[63,65214,751],{"class":85},[63,65216,186],{"class":81},[63,65218,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65220,851],{"class":69},[63,65222,74],{"class":73},[63,65224,4595],{"class":69},[63,65226,259],{"class":81},[63,65228,36141],{"class":145},[63,65230,113],{"class":81},[63,65232,16051],{"class":85},[63,65234,126],{"class":81},[63,65236,65237],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65238,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,65242,140],{"class":139},[63,65244,113],{"class":81},[63,65246,875],{"class":145},[63,65248,126],{"class":81},[14,65250,163],{},[54,65252,65253],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,65254,65255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65256,65257],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65258,47208],{"class":85},[14,65260,65261,65262,65264],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,65263,59249],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[49,65266,65268],{"id":65267},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65270,65271],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[54,65273,65275],{"className":56,"code":65274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,65276,65277,65309,65331,65335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65278,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65280,36529],{"class":69},[63,65282,74],{"class":73},[63,65284,1091],{"class":81},[63,65286,117],{"class":116},[63,65288,408],{"class":120},[63,65290,117],{"class":116},[63,65292,89],{"class":81},[63,65294,824],{"class":116},[63,65296,427],{"class":120},[63,65298,117],{"class":116},[63,65300,89],{"class":81},[63,65302,824],{"class":116},[63,65304,4428],{"class":120},[63,65306,117],{"class":116},[63,65308,186],{"class":81},[63,65310,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65312,65016],{"class":69},[63,65314,74],{"class":73},[63,65316,53141],{"class":69},[63,65318,259],{"class":81},[63,65320,36141],{"class":145},[63,65322,113],{"class":81},[63,65324,117],{"class":116},[63,65326,4428],{"class":120},[63,65328,117],{"class":116},[63,65330,126],{"class":81},[63,65332,65333],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65334,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,65336,65337,65339,65341,65343],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,65338,140],{"class":139},[63,65340,113],{"class":81},[63,65342,65043],{"class":145},[63,65344,126],{"class":81},[14,65346,163],{},[54,65348,65349],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,65350,65351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65352,65353],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65354,17353],{"class":85},[14,65356,65357],{},"In this list:",[29,65359,65360,65367,65374],{},[32,65361,65362,65364,65365],{},[18,65363,58114],{}," is at index ",[18,65366,687],{},[32,65368,65369,65364,65372],{},[18,65370,65371],{},"\"banana\"",[18,65373,86],{},[32,65375,65376,65364,65379],{},[18,65377,65378],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,65380,2394],{},[14,65382,53940,65383,2732,65386,259],{},[18,65384,65385],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,65387,2394],{},[14,65389,51835,65390,259],{},[196,65391,65393],{"href":65392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[49,65395,65397],{"id":65396},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65399,65400,65401,65403],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,65402,59249],{}," returns the first match only.",[54,65405,65407],{"className":56,"code":65406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,65408,65409,65449,65453],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65410,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65412,13381],{"class":69},[63,65414,74],{"class":73},[63,65416,1091],{"class":81},[63,65418,117],{"class":116},[63,65420,13398],{"class":120},[63,65422,117],{"class":116},[63,65424,89],{"class":81},[63,65426,824],{"class":116},[63,65428,13415],{"class":120},[63,65430,117],{"class":116},[63,65432,89],{"class":81},[63,65434,824],{"class":116},[63,65436,13398],{"class":120},[63,65438,117],{"class":116},[63,65440,89],{"class":81},[63,65442,824],{"class":116},[63,65444,17752],{"class":120},[63,65446,117],{"class":116},[63,65448,186],{"class":81},[63,65450,65451],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65452,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,65454,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65456,140],{"class":139},[63,65458,113],{"class":81},[63,65460,17799],{"class":145},[63,65462,259],{"class":81},[63,65464,36141],{"class":145},[63,65466,113],{"class":81},[63,65468,117],{"class":116},[63,65470,13398],{"class":120},[63,65472,117],{"class":116},[63,65474,100],{"class":81},[14,65476,163],{},[54,65478,65479],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,65480,65481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65482,65483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65484,47543],{"class":85},[14,65486,21272,65487,65490,65491,65493],{},[18,65488,65489],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,65492,687],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65495,65496,65497,259],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[196,65498,55805,65499,11046],{"href":59308},[18,65500,57571],{},[49,65502,8733,65504,4726,65506],{"id":65503},"using-start-and-end",[18,65505,36367],{},[18,65507,52951],{},[14,65509,65510,65511,4726,65513,65515],{},"The optional ",[18,65512,36367],{},[18,65514,52951],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[54,65517,65519],{"className":56,"code":65518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,65520,65521,65569,65573,65598,65627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65522,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65524,106],{"class":69},[63,65526,74],{"class":73},[63,65528,1091],{"class":81},[63,65530,117],{"class":116},[63,65532,196],{"class":120},[63,65534,117],{"class":116},[63,65536,89],{"class":81},[63,65538,824],{"class":116},[63,65540,206],{"class":120},[63,65542,117],{"class":116},[63,65544,89],{"class":81},[63,65546,824],{"class":116},[63,65548,215],{"class":120},[63,65550,117],{"class":116},[63,65552,89],{"class":81},[63,65554,824],{"class":116},[63,65556,206],{"class":120},[63,65558,117],{"class":116},[63,65560,89],{"class":81},[63,65562,824],{"class":116},[63,65564,19063],{"class":120},[63,65566,117],{"class":116},[63,65568,186],{"class":81},[63,65570,65571],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65572,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,65574,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65576,140],{"class":139},[63,65578,113],{"class":81},[63,65580,158],{"class":145},[63,65582,259],{"class":81},[63,65584,36141],{"class":145},[63,65586,113],{"class":81},[63,65588,117],{"class":116},[63,65590,206],{"class":120},[63,65592,117],{"class":116},[63,65594,5683],{"class":81},[63,65596,65597],{"class":1910},"        # first match\n",[63,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,65601,140],{"class":139},[63,65603,113],{"class":81},[63,65605,158],{"class":145},[63,65607,259],{"class":81},[63,65609,36141],{"class":145},[63,65611,113],{"class":81},[63,65613,117],{"class":116},[63,65615,206],{"class":120},[63,65617,117],{"class":116},[63,65619,89],{"class":81},[63,65621,92],{"class":85},[63,65623,5683],{"class":81},[63,65625,65626],{"class":1910},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[63,65628,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,65630,140],{"class":139},[63,65632,113],{"class":81},[63,65634,158],{"class":145},[63,65636,259],{"class":81},[63,65638,36141],{"class":145},[63,65640,113],{"class":81},[63,65642,117],{"class":116},[63,65644,206],{"class":120},[63,65646,117],{"class":116},[63,65648,89],{"class":81},[63,65650,692],{"class":85},[63,65652,89],{"class":81},[63,65654,705],{"class":85},[63,65656,5683],{"class":81},[63,65658,65659],{"class":1910},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65661,163],{},[54,65663,65665],{"className":56,"code":65664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65666,65667,65671,65675],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65668,65669],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65670,47208],{"class":85},[63,65672,65673],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65674,46908],{"class":85},[63,65676,65677],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65678,47208],{"class":85},[14,65680,65681],{},"How this works:",[29,65683,65684,65696,65709],{},[32,65685,65686,65689,65690,65693,65694],{},[18,65687,65688],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65691,65692],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65695,86],{},[32,65697,65698,65701,65702,65704,65705,65693,65707],{},[18,65699,65700],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65703,2394],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65706,65692],{},[18,65708,1248],{},[32,65710,65711,65714,65715,2524,65717,17369,65719],{},[18,65712,65713],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65716,86],{},[18,65718,2394],{},[18,65720,1248],{},[14,65722,65723],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[49,65725,65727],{"id":65726},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65729,65730,65731,259],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65732,40994],{},[14,65734,2543],{},[54,65736,65738],{"className":56,"code":65737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65739,65740,65772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65741,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65743,342],{"class":69},[63,65745,74],{"class":73},[63,65747,1091],{"class":81},[63,65749,117],{"class":116},[63,65751,408],{"class":120},[63,65753,117],{"class":116},[63,65755,89],{"class":81},[63,65757,824],{"class":116},[63,65759,427],{"class":120},[63,65761,117],{"class":116},[63,65763,89],{"class":81},[63,65765,824],{"class":116},[63,65767,4428],{"class":120},[63,65769,117],{"class":116},[63,65771,186],{"class":81},[63,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65775,140],{"class":139},[63,65777,113],{"class":81},[63,65779,357],{"class":145},[63,65781,259],{"class":81},[63,65783,36141],{"class":145},[63,65785,113],{"class":81},[63,65787,117],{"class":116},[63,65789,33513],{"class":120},[63,65791,117],{"class":116},[63,65793,100],{"class":81},[14,65795,39943,65796,65799],{},[18,65797,65798],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65801,65802],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[54,65804,65806],{"className":56,"code":65805,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65807,65808,65840,65853,65857,65870,65889,65895],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65809,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65811,342],{"class":69},[63,65813,74],{"class":73},[63,65815,1091],{"class":81},[63,65817,117],{"class":116},[63,65819,408],{"class":120},[63,65821,117],{"class":116},[63,65823,89],{"class":81},[63,65825,824],{"class":116},[63,65827,427],{"class":120},[63,65829,117],{"class":116},[63,65831,89],{"class":81},[63,65833,824],{"class":116},[63,65835,4428],{"class":120},[63,65837,117],{"class":116},[63,65839,186],{"class":81},[63,65841,65842,65845,65847,65849,65851],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,65843,65844],{"class":69},"search_value ",[63,65846,74],{"class":73},[63,65848,824],{"class":116},[63,65850,33513],{"class":120},[63,65852,3694],{"class":116},[63,65854,65855],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,65856,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,65858,65859,65861,65864,65866,65868],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,65860,7318],{"class":1155},[63,65862,65863],{"class":69}," search_value ",[63,65865,4217],{"class":73},[63,65867,6285],{"class":69},[63,65869,6713],{"class":81},[63,65871,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65887],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,65873,8386],{"class":139},[63,65875,113],{"class":81},[63,65877,357],{"class":145},[63,65879,259],{"class":81},[63,65881,36141],{"class":145},[63,65883,113],{"class":81},[63,65885,65886],{"class":145},"search_value",[63,65888,100],{"class":81},[63,65890,65891,65893],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,65892,27724],{"class":1155},[63,65894,6713],{"class":81},[63,65896,65897,65899,65901,65903,65906,65908],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,65898,8386],{"class":139},[63,65900,113],{"class":81},[63,65902,117],{"class":116},[63,65904,65905],{"class":120},"Item not found",[63,65907,117],{"class":116},[63,65909,126],{"class":81},[14,65911,163],{},[54,65913,65915],{"className":56,"code":65914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Item not found\n",[18,65916,65917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65918,65919,65922,65924],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65920,65921],{"class":69},"Item ",[63,65923,4961],{"class":73},[63,65925,65926],{"class":69}," found\n",[14,65928,65929],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65931,65932,65933,259],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[196,65934,65936],{"href":65935},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[49,65938,1888],{"id":1887},[14,65940,21506,65941,821],{},[18,65942,64962],{},[29,65944,65945,65963,65975,66035],{},[32,65946,26065,65947,2732,65949,65952,65953,65955,65956,5488,65958,65960,65961,259],{},[18,65948,59249],{},[18,65950,65951],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10153,65954],{},"\nPython does ",[1217,65957,4961],{},[18,65959,65951],{},". It raises ",[18,65962,40994],{},[32,65964,65965,65966,65968,65971,65972,65974],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10153,65967],{},[18,65969,65970],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65973,65371],{},", not the value itself.",[32,65976,8733,65977,11398,65980,65982,65984,65985,16953,65987,66010,16941,66012],{},[18,65978,65979],{},"index[]",[18,65981,59249],{},[10153,65983],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10153,65986],{},[54,65988,65990],{"className":56,"code":65989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65991,65992],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,65993,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,65995,357],{"class":69},[63,65997,259],{"class":81},[63,65999,36141],{"class":145},[63,66001,113],{"class":81},[63,66003,117],{"class":116},[63,66005,427],{"class":120},[63,66007,117],{"class":116},[63,66009,126],{"class":81},[10153,66011],{},[54,66013,66015],{"className":56,"code":66014,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,66016,66017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66018,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66020,357],{"class":69},[63,66022,259],{"class":81},[63,66024,36141],{"class":25042},[63,66026,173],{"class":81},[63,66028,117],{"class":116},[63,66030,427],{"class":120},[63,66032,117],{"class":116},[63,66034,186],{"class":81},[32,66036,66037,66038,66040,4726,66043,66045,66046],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10153,66039],{},[18,66041,66042],{},"\"3\"",[18,66044,1248],{}," are different values in Python.",[54,66047,66049],{"className":56,"code":66048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,66050,66051,66071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66052,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66054,70],{"class":69},[63,66056,74],{"class":73},[63,66058,1091],{"class":81},[63,66060,86],{"class":85},[63,66062,89],{"class":81},[63,66064,92],{"class":85},[63,66066,89],{"class":81},[63,66068,97],{"class":85},[63,66070,186],{"class":81},[63,66072,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66074,140],{"class":139},[63,66076,113],{"class":81},[63,66078,117],{"class":116},[63,66080,1248],{"class":120},[63,66082,117],{"class":116},[63,66084,21468],{"class":1155},[63,66086,4595],{"class":145},[63,66088,3997],{"class":81},[63,66090,5102],{"class":1910},[14,66092,66093],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,66095,66097],{"className":56,"code":66096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,66098,66099,66109,66123,66137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66100,66101,66103,66105,66107],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66102,140],{"class":139},[63,66104,113],{"class":81},[63,66106,8654],{"class":145},[63,66108,126],{"class":81},[63,66110,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66112,140],{"class":139},[63,66114,113],{"class":81},[63,66116,3557],{"class":77},[63,66118,113],{"class":81},[63,66120,65886],{"class":145},[63,66122,100],{"class":81},[63,66124,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66126,140],{"class":139},[63,66128,113],{"class":81},[63,66130,65844],{"class":145},[63,66132,4217],{"class":1155},[63,66134,8711],{"class":145},[63,66136,126],{"class":81},[63,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,66140,140],{"class":139},[63,66142,113],{"class":81},[63,66144,8654],{"class":145},[63,66146,259],{"class":81},[63,66148,36141],{"class":145},[63,66150,113],{"class":81},[63,66152,65886],{"class":145},[63,66154,100],{"class":81},[14,66156,66157],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66159,66160],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[29,66162,66163,66166,66173,66179],{},[32,66164,66165],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[32,66167,66168,66169,11398,66171],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,66170,66042],{},[18,66172,1248],{},[32,66174,66175,66176,66178],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,66177,59249],{}," returns only the first one",[32,66180,66181],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[49,66183,5292,66185],{"id":66184},"when-to-use-index",[18,66186,59249],{},[14,66188,222,66189,1716],{},[18,66190,59249],{},[29,66192,66193,66196,66199],{},[32,66194,66195],{},"You need the position of a known value",[32,66197,66198],{},"You are working with a small list",[32,66200,66201],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66203,66204],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[49,66206,2165],{"id":2164},[486,66208,5469,66210,5472],{"id":66209},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,66211,64962],{},[14,66213,66214],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[486,66216,13011,66218,5488,66220,66222],{"id":66217},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,66219,64962],{},[18,66221,65951],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66224,66225,66226,6951],{},"No. It raises ",[18,66227,40994],{},[486,66229,5497,66231,66233],{"id":66230},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,66232,64962],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66235,66236],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[486,66238,66240,66241,2827],{"id":66239},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,66242,59249],{},[14,66244,66245,66246,4726,66248,66250],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,66247,36367],{},[18,66249,52951],{}," arguments.",[49,66252,2219],{"id":2218},[29,66254,66255,66259,66263,66267],{},[32,66256,66257],{},[196,66258,59237],{"href":65392},[32,66260,66261],{},[196,66262,258],{"href":54856},[32,66264,66265],{},[196,66266,65936],{"href":65935},[32,66268,66269],{},[196,66270,55805,66271,11046],{"href":59308},[18,66272,57571],{},[2259,66274,66275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":66277},[66278,66279,66281,66282,66283,66284,66285,66287,66288,66289,66291,66301],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":65059,"depth":103,"text":66280},"What list.index() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311},{"id":65267,"depth":103,"text":65268},{"id":65396,"depth":103,"text":65397},{"id":65503,"depth":103,"text":66286},"Using start and end",{"id":65726,"depth":103,"text":65727},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888},{"id":66184,"depth":103,"text":66290},"When to use index()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":66292},[66293,66295,66297,66299],{"id":66209,"depth":129,"text":66294},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66217,"depth":129,"text":66296},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66230,"depth":129,"text":66298},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66239,"depth":129,"text":66300},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64950,"description":66302},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66309,"title":66310,"body":66311,"description":68253,"extension":2300,"meta":68254,"navigation":132,"path":68255,"seo":68256,"stem":68257,"__hash__":68258},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66312,"toc":68213},[66313,66318,66323,66326,66335,66392,66398,66403,66407,66421,66427,66429,66452,66469,66471,66532,66534,66566,66579,66581,66584,66684,66686,66764,66770,66774,66782,66786,66792,66847,66849,66873,66877,66880,66933,66935,66959,66963,66966,67019,67021,67045,67049,67055,67126,67128,67169,67175,67182,67185,67190,67198,67203,67211,67213,67310,67312,67381,67388,67393,67395,67399,67404,67406,67477,67479,67508,67514,67516,67543,67546,67569,67573,67576,67598,67601,67624,67626,67686,67688,67720,67726,67731,67784,67786,67811,67814,67863,67865,67886,67890,67895,67898,67953,67955,67982,67989,67993,67998,68069,68072,68086,68091,68096,68098,68112,68124,68129,68131,68136,68141,68145,68148,68154,68160,68167,68175,68177,68210],[10,66314,54628,66316,11629],{"id":66315},"python-list-insert-method",[18,66317,54555],{},[14,66319,66320,66322],{},[18,66321,54198],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66324,66325],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66327,222,66328,66330,66331,259],{},[18,66329,54555],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[196,66332,55805,66333,11046],{"href":57050},[18,66334,1724],{},[54,66336,66338],{"className":56,"code":66337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,66339,66340,66360,66378,66388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66341,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66343,70],{"class":69},[63,66345,74],{"class":73},[63,66347,1091],{"class":81},[63,66349,86],{"class":85},[63,66351,89],{"class":81},[63,66353,92],{"class":85},[63,66355,89],{"class":81},[63,66357,705],{"class":85},[63,66359,186],{"class":81},[63,66361,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66363,146],{"class":69},[63,66365,259],{"class":81},[63,66367,54238],{"class":145},[63,66369,113],{"class":81},[63,66371,2394],{"class":85},[63,66373,89],{"class":81},[63,66375,97],{"class":85},[63,66377,126],{"class":81},[63,66379,66380,66382,66384,66386],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66381,140],{"class":139},[63,66383,113],{"class":81},[63,66385,146],{"class":145},[63,66387,126],{"class":81},[63,66389,66390],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,66391,53014],{"class":1910},[14,66393,222,66394,66397],{},[18,66395,66396],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[49,66399,4014,66401,4017],{"id":66400},"what-listinsert-does",[18,66402,54198],{},[14,66404,66405,821],{},[18,66406,54198],{},[29,66408,66409,66412,66415,66417],{},[32,66410,66411],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[32,66413,66414],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[32,66416,54714],{},[32,66418,11731,66419],{},[18,66420,4115],{},[14,66422,66423,66424,66426],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,66425,54555],{}," does not create a new list.",[49,66428,5753],{"id":5752},[54,66430,66432],{"className":56,"code":66431,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,66433,66434],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66435,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66437,8654],{"class":69},[63,66439,259],{"class":81},[63,66441,54238],{"class":145},[63,66443,113],{"class":81},[63,66445,36141],{"class":145},[63,66447,89],{"class":81},[63,66449,29798],{"class":145},[63,66451,126],{"class":81},[29,66453,66454,66459,66464],{},[32,66455,66456,66458],{},[18,66457,36141],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[32,66460,66461,66463],{},[18,66462,23603],{}," is the value to add",[32,66465,66466,66467],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,66468,687],{},[14,66470,2543],{},[54,66472,66474],{"className":56,"code":66473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66475,66476,66500,66522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66479,106],{"class":69},[63,66481,74],{"class":73},[63,66483,1091],{"class":81},[63,66485,117],{"class":116},[63,66487,196],{"class":120},[63,66489,117],{"class":116},[63,66491,89],{"class":81},[63,66493,824],{"class":116},[63,66495,215],{"class":120},[63,66497,117],{"class":116},[63,66499,186],{"class":81},[63,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66503,158],{"class":69},[63,66505,259],{"class":81},[63,66507,54238],{"class":145},[63,66509,113],{"class":81},[63,66511,86],{"class":85},[63,66513,89],{"class":81},[63,66515,824],{"class":116},[63,66517,206],{"class":120},[63,66519,117],{"class":116},[63,66521,126],{"class":81},[63,66523,66524,66526,66528,66530],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66525,140],{"class":139},[63,66527,113],{"class":81},[63,66529,158],{"class":145},[63,66531,126],{"class":81},[14,66533,163],{},[54,66535,66536],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,66537,66538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66539,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66541,173],{"class":81},[63,66543,193],{"class":116},[63,66545,196],{"class":120},[63,66547,193],{"class":116},[63,66549,89],{"class":81},[63,66551,203],{"class":116},[63,66553,206],{"class":120},[63,66555,193],{"class":116},[63,66557,89],{"class":81},[63,66559,203],{"class":116},[63,66561,215],{"class":120},[63,66563,193],{"class":116},[63,66565,186],{"class":81},[14,66567,21065,66568,66570,66571,66573,66574,4726,66576,259],{},[18,66569,65692],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,66572,86],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66575,18392],{},[18,66577,66578],{},"\"c\"",[49,66580,6106],{"id":6105},[14,66582,66583],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[54,66585,66587],{"className":56,"code":66586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66588,66589,66621,66639,66643,66665],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66590,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66592,13381],{"class":69},[63,66594,74],{"class":73},[63,66596,1091],{"class":81},[63,66598,117],{"class":116},[63,66600,13398],{"class":120},[63,66602,117],{"class":116},[63,66604,89],{"class":81},[63,66606,824],{"class":116},[63,66608,13415],{"class":120},[63,66610,117],{"class":116},[63,66612,89],{"class":81},[63,66614,824],{"class":116},[63,66616,17752],{"class":120},[63,66618,117],{"class":116},[63,66620,186],{"class":81},[63,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66624,140],{"class":139},[63,66626,113],{"class":81},[63,66628,117],{"class":116},[63,66630,11872],{"class":120},[63,66632,117],{"class":116},[63,66634,89],{"class":81},[63,66636,13429],{"class":145},[63,66638,126],{"class":81},[63,66640,66641],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66642,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,66644,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,66646,17799],{"class":69},[63,66648,259],{"class":81},[63,66650,54238],{"class":145},[63,66652,113],{"class":81},[63,66654,86],{"class":85},[63,66656,89],{"class":81},[63,66658,824],{"class":116},[63,66660,22817],{"class":120},[63,66662,117],{"class":116},[63,66664,126],{"class":81},[63,66666,66667,66669,66671,66673,66676,66678,66680,66682],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,66668,140],{"class":139},[63,66670,113],{"class":81},[63,66672,117],{"class":116},[63,66674,66675],{"class":120},"After: ",[63,66677,117],{"class":116},[63,66679,89],{"class":81},[63,66681,13429],{"class":145},[63,66683,126],{"class":81},[14,66685,163],{},[54,66687,66689],{"className":56,"code":66688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66690,66691,66723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66694,11932],{"class":69},[63,66696,821],{"class":81},[63,66698,1091],{"class":81},[63,66700,193],{"class":116},[63,66702,13398],{"class":120},[63,66704,193],{"class":116},[63,66706,89],{"class":81},[63,66708,203],{"class":116},[63,66710,13415],{"class":120},[63,66712,193],{"class":116},[63,66714,89],{"class":81},[63,66716,203],{"class":116},[63,66718,17752],{"class":120},[63,66720,193],{"class":116},[63,66722,186],{"class":81},[63,66724,66725,66727,66729,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66726,11985],{"class":69},[63,66728,821],{"class":81},[63,66730,66731],{"class":81},"  [",[63,66733,193],{"class":116},[63,66735,13398],{"class":120},[63,66737,193],{"class":116},[63,66739,89],{"class":81},[63,66741,203],{"class":116},[63,66743,22817],{"class":120},[63,66745,193],{"class":116},[63,66747,89],{"class":81},[63,66749,203],{"class":116},[63,66751,13415],{"class":120},[63,66753,193],{"class":116},[63,66755,89],{"class":81},[63,66757,203],{"class":116},[63,66759,17752],{"class":120},[63,66761,193],{"class":116},[63,66763,186],{"class":81},[14,66765,66766,66767,66769],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66768,86],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[49,66771,66773],{"id":66772},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66775,2317,66776,35624,66778,66781],{},[18,66777,36141],{},[18,66779,66780],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[486,66783,66785],{"id":66784},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66787,66788,66789,66791],{},"Use index ",[18,66790,687],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[54,66793,66795],{"className":56,"code":66794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66796,66797,66818,66837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66798,66799,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66800,66801],{"class":69},"nums ",[63,66803,74],{"class":73},[63,66805,1091],{"class":81},[63,66807,2394],{"class":85},[63,66809,89],{"class":81},[63,66811,97],{"class":85},[63,66813,89],{"class":81},[63,66815,705],{"class":85},[63,66817,186],{"class":81},[63,66819,66820,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66821,66822],{"class":69},"nums",[63,66824,259],{"class":81},[63,66826,54238],{"class":145},[63,66828,113],{"class":81},[63,66830,687],{"class":85},[63,66832,89],{"class":81},[63,66834,692],{"class":85},[63,66836,126],{"class":81},[63,66838,66839,66841,66843,66845],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66840,140],{"class":139},[63,66842,113],{"class":81},[63,66844,66822],{"class":145},[63,66846,126],{"class":81},[14,66848,163],{},[54,66850,66851],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,66852,66853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66854,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66856,173],{"class":81},[63,66858,86],{"class":85},[63,66860,89],{"class":81},[63,66862,92],{"class":85},[63,66864,89],{"class":81},[63,66866,97],{"class":85},[63,66868,89],{"class":81},[63,66870,705],{"class":85},[63,66872,186],{"class":81},[486,66874,66876],{"id":66875},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66878,66879],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[54,66881,66883],{"className":56,"code":66882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66884,66885,66905,66923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66886,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66888,66801],{"class":69},[63,66890,74],{"class":73},[63,66892,1091],{"class":81},[63,66894,86],{"class":85},[63,66896,89],{"class":81},[63,66898,92],{"class":85},[63,66900,89],{"class":81},[63,66902,705],{"class":85},[63,66904,186],{"class":81},[63,66906,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66908,66822],{"class":69},[63,66910,259],{"class":81},[63,66912,54238],{"class":145},[63,66914,113],{"class":81},[63,66916,2394],{"class":85},[63,66918,89],{"class":81},[63,66920,97],{"class":85},[63,66922,126],{"class":81},[63,66924,66925,66927,66929,66931],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,66926,140],{"class":139},[63,66928,113],{"class":81},[63,66930,66822],{"class":145},[63,66932,126],{"class":81},[14,66934,163],{},[54,66936,66937],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,66938,66939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66942,173],{"class":81},[63,66944,86],{"class":85},[63,66946,89],{"class":81},[63,66948,92],{"class":85},[63,66950,89],{"class":81},[63,66952,97],{"class":85},[63,66954,89],{"class":81},[63,66956,705],{"class":85},[63,66958,186],{"class":81},[486,66960,66962],{"id":66961},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66964,66965],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[54,66967,66969],{"className":56,"code":66968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66970,66971,66991,67009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,66972,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,66974,66801],{"class":69},[63,66976,74],{"class":73},[63,66978,1091],{"class":81},[63,66980,86],{"class":85},[63,66982,89],{"class":81},[63,66984,92],{"class":85},[63,66986,89],{"class":81},[63,66988,97],{"class":85},[63,66990,186],{"class":81},[63,66992,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,66994,66822],{"class":69},[63,66996,259],{"class":81},[63,66998,54238],{"class":145},[63,67000,113],{"class":81},[63,67002,741],{"class":85},[63,67004,89],{"class":81},[63,67006,705],{"class":85},[63,67008,126],{"class":81},[63,67010,67011,67013,67015,67017],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67012,140],{"class":139},[63,67014,113],{"class":81},[63,67016,66822],{"class":145},[63,67018,126],{"class":81},[14,67020,163],{},[54,67022,67023],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,67024,67025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67026,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67028,173],{"class":81},[63,67030,86],{"class":85},[63,67032,89],{"class":81},[63,67034,92],{"class":85},[63,67036,89],{"class":81},[63,67038,97],{"class":85},[63,67040,89],{"class":81},[63,67042,705],{"class":85},[63,67044,186],{"class":81},[486,67046,67048],{"id":67047},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67050,67051,67052,67054],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,67053,54555],{}," places the item before that position.",[54,67056,67058],{"className":56,"code":67057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,67059,67060,67092,67116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67061,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67063,106],{"class":69},[63,67065,74],{"class":73},[63,67067,1091],{"class":81},[63,67069,117],{"class":116},[63,67071,196],{"class":120},[63,67073,117],{"class":116},[63,67075,89],{"class":81},[63,67077,824],{"class":116},[63,67079,206],{"class":120},[63,67081,117],{"class":116},[63,67083,89],{"class":81},[63,67085,824],{"class":116},[63,67087,19063],{"class":120},[63,67089,117],{"class":116},[63,67091,186],{"class":81},[63,67093,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67095,158],{"class":69},[63,67097,259],{"class":81},[63,67099,54238],{"class":145},[63,67101,113],{"class":81},[63,67103,2359],{"class":73},[63,67105,86],{"class":85},[63,67107,89],{"class":81},[63,67109,824],{"class":116},[63,67111,215],{"class":120},[63,67113,117],{"class":116},[63,67115,126],{"class":81},[63,67117,67118,67120,67122,67124],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67119,140],{"class":139},[63,67121,113],{"class":81},[63,67123,158],{"class":145},[63,67125,126],{"class":81},[14,67127,163],{},[54,67129,67131],{"className":56,"code":67130,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,67132,67133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67134,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67136,173],{"class":81},[63,67138,193],{"class":116},[63,67140,196],{"class":120},[63,67142,193],{"class":116},[63,67144,89],{"class":81},[63,67146,203],{"class":116},[63,67148,206],{"class":120},[63,67150,193],{"class":116},[63,67152,89],{"class":81},[63,67154,203],{"class":116},[63,67156,215],{"class":120},[63,67158,193],{"class":116},[63,67160,89],{"class":81},[63,67162,203],{"class":116},[63,67164,19063],{"class":120},[63,67166,193],{"class":116},[63,67168,186],{"class":81},[14,67170,67171,67172,2639],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[196,67173,67174],{"href":257},"Python lists beginner guide",[49,67176,67178,10891,67180],{"id":67177},"insert-vs-append",[18,67179,54555],{},[18,67181,1724],{},[14,67183,67184],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[486,67186,222,67188,1716],{"id":67187},"use-insert-when",[18,67189,54555],{},[29,67191,67192,67195],{},[32,67193,67194],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[32,67196,67197],{},"The order of the list matters",[486,67199,222,67201,1716],{"id":67200},"use-append-when",[18,67202,1724],{},[29,67204,67205,67208],{},[32,67206,67207],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[32,67209,67210],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67212,2543],{},[54,67214,67216],{"className":56,"code":67215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,67217,67218,67242,67246,67268,67278,67282,67300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67221,342],{"class":69},[63,67223,74],{"class":73},[63,67225,1091],{"class":81},[63,67227,117],{"class":116},[63,67229,408],{"class":120},[63,67231,117],{"class":116},[63,67233,89],{"class":81},[63,67235,824],{"class":116},[63,67237,33513],{"class":120},[63,67239,117],{"class":116},[63,67241,186],{"class":81},[63,67243,67244],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67245,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67249,357],{"class":69},[63,67251,259],{"class":81},[63,67253,54238],{"class":145},[63,67255,113],{"class":81},[63,67257,86],{"class":85},[63,67259,89],{"class":81},[63,67261,824],{"class":116},[63,67263,427],{"class":120},[63,67265,117],{"class":116},[63,67267,126],{"class":81},[63,67269,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,67271,140],{"class":139},[63,67273,113],{"class":81},[63,67275,357],{"class":145},[63,67277,126],{"class":81},[63,67279,67280],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,67281,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,67283,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,67285,357],{"class":69},[63,67287,259],{"class":81},[63,67289,401],{"class":145},[63,67291,113],{"class":81},[63,67293,117],{"class":116},[63,67295,22826],{"class":120},[63,67297,117],{"class":116},[63,67299,126],{"class":81},[63,67301,67302,67304,67306,67308],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,67303,140],{"class":139},[63,67305,113],{"class":81},[63,67307,357],{"class":145},[63,67309,126],{"class":81},[14,67311,163],{},[54,67313,67315],{"className":56,"code":67314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,67316,67317,67345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67320,173],{"class":81},[63,67322,193],{"class":116},[63,67324,408],{"class":120},[63,67326,193],{"class":116},[63,67328,89],{"class":81},[63,67330,203],{"class":116},[63,67332,427],{"class":120},[63,67334,193],{"class":116},[63,67336,89],{"class":81},[63,67338,203],{"class":116},[63,67340,33513],{"class":120},[63,67342,193],{"class":116},[63,67344,186],{"class":81},[63,67346,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67348,173],{"class":81},[63,67350,193],{"class":116},[63,67352,408],{"class":120},[63,67354,193],{"class":116},[63,67356,89],{"class":81},[63,67358,203],{"class":116},[63,67360,427],{"class":120},[63,67362,193],{"class":116},[63,67364,89],{"class":81},[63,67366,203],{"class":116},[63,67368,33513],{"class":120},[63,67370,193],{"class":116},[63,67372,89],{"class":81},[63,67374,203],{"class":116},[63,67376,22826],{"class":120},[63,67378,193],{"class":116},[63,67380,186],{"class":81},[14,67382,67383,67384,259],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[196,67385,55805,67386,11046],{"href":57050},[18,67387,1724],{},[14,67389,67390,67391,259],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[196,67392,1884],{"href":1883},[49,67394,1888],{"id":1887},[14,67396,15029,67397,259],{},[18,67398,54555],{},[486,67400,12901,67402],{"id":67401},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,67403,54555],{},[14,67405,25981],{},[54,67407,67409],{"className":56,"code":67408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67410,67411,67431,67453,67457,67467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67412,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67414,70],{"class":69},[63,67416,74],{"class":73},[63,67418,1091],{"class":81},[63,67420,86],{"class":85},[63,67422,89],{"class":81},[63,67424,92],{"class":85},[63,67426,89],{"class":81},[63,67428,97],{"class":85},[63,67430,186],{"class":81},[63,67432,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67434,851],{"class":69},[63,67436,74],{"class":73},[63,67438,4595],{"class":69},[63,67440,259],{"class":81},[63,67442,54238],{"class":145},[63,67444,113],{"class":81},[63,67446,86],{"class":85},[63,67448,89],{"class":81},[63,67450,1341],{"class":85},[63,67452,126],{"class":81},[63,67454,67455],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67456,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,67458,67459,67461,67463,67465],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,67460,140],{"class":139},[63,67462,113],{"class":81},[63,67464,875],{"class":145},[63,67466,126],{"class":81},[63,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,67470,140],{"class":139},[63,67472,113],{"class":81},[63,67474,146],{"class":145},[63,67476,126],{"class":81},[14,67478,163],{},[54,67480,67482],{"className":56,"code":67481,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67483,67484,67488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67485,67486],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67487,12117],{"class":1205},[63,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67491,173],{"class":81},[63,67493,86],{"class":85},[63,67495,89],{"class":81},[63,67497,1341],{"class":85},[63,67499,89],{"class":81},[63,67501,92],{"class":85},[63,67503,89],{"class":81},[63,67505,97],{"class":85},[63,67507,186],{"class":81},[14,67509,67510,54440,67512,259],{},[18,67511,54555],{},[18,67513,4115],{},[14,67515,16941],{},[54,67517,67519],{"className":56,"code":67518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67520,67521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67524,56175],{"class":69},[63,67526,74],{"class":73},[63,67528,4595],{"class":69},[63,67530,259],{"class":81},[63,67532,54238],{"class":145},[63,67534,113],{"class":81},[63,67536,86],{"class":85},[63,67538,89],{"class":81},[63,67540,1341],{"class":85},[63,67542,126],{"class":81},[14,67544,67545],{},"Right:",[54,67547,67549],{"className":56,"code":67548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,67550,67551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67552,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67554,146],{"class":69},[63,67556,259],{"class":81},[63,67558,54238],{"class":145},[63,67560,113],{"class":81},[63,67562,86],{"class":85},[63,67564,89],{"class":81},[63,67566,1341],{"class":85},[63,67568,126],{"class":81},[486,67570,67572],{"id":67571},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67574,67575],{},"The correct order is:",[54,67577,67578],{"className":56,"code":66431,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,67579,67580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67581,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67583,8654],{"class":69},[63,67585,259],{"class":81},[63,67587,54238],{"class":145},[63,67589,113],{"class":81},[63,67591,36141],{"class":145},[63,67593,89],{"class":81},[63,67595,29798],{"class":145},[63,67597,126],{"class":81},[14,67599,67600],{},"Not:",[54,67602,67604],{"className":56,"code":67603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67605,67606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67607,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67609,8654],{"class":69},[63,67611,259],{"class":81},[63,67613,54238],{"class":145},[63,67615,113],{"class":81},[63,67617,23603],{"class":145},[63,67619,89],{"class":81},[63,67621,36116],{"class":145},[63,67623,126],{"class":81},[14,67625,2543],{},[54,67627,67628],{"className":56,"code":66473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,67629,67630,67654,67676],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67631,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67633,106],{"class":69},[63,67635,74],{"class":73},[63,67637,1091],{"class":81},[63,67639,117],{"class":116},[63,67641,196],{"class":120},[63,67643,117],{"class":116},[63,67645,89],{"class":81},[63,67647,824],{"class":116},[63,67649,215],{"class":120},[63,67651,117],{"class":116},[63,67653,186],{"class":81},[63,67655,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67657,158],{"class":69},[63,67659,259],{"class":81},[63,67661,54238],{"class":145},[63,67663,113],{"class":81},[63,67665,86],{"class":85},[63,67667,89],{"class":81},[63,67669,824],{"class":116},[63,67671,206],{"class":120},[63,67673,117],{"class":116},[63,67675,126],{"class":81},[63,67677,67678,67680,67682,67684],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67679,140],{"class":139},[63,67681,113],{"class":81},[63,67683,158],{"class":145},[63,67685,126],{"class":81},[14,67687,163],{},[54,67689,67690],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,67691,67692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67693,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67695,173],{"class":81},[63,67697,193],{"class":116},[63,67699,196],{"class":120},[63,67701,193],{"class":116},[63,67703,89],{"class":81},[63,67705,203],{"class":116},[63,67707,206],{"class":120},[63,67709,193],{"class":116},[63,67711,89],{"class":81},[63,67713,203],{"class":116},[63,67715,215],{"class":120},[63,67717,193],{"class":116},[63,67719,186],{"class":81},[486,67721,8769,67723,67725],{"id":67722},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67724,54555],{}," to replace an item",[14,67727,67728,67730],{},[18,67729,54555],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[54,67732,67734],{"className":56,"code":67733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67735,67736,67756,67774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67737,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67739,70],{"class":69},[63,67741,74],{"class":73},[63,67743,1091],{"class":81},[63,67745,86],{"class":85},[63,67747,89],{"class":81},[63,67749,92],{"class":85},[63,67751,89],{"class":81},[63,67753,97],{"class":85},[63,67755,186],{"class":81},[63,67757,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67759,146],{"class":69},[63,67761,259],{"class":81},[63,67763,54238],{"class":145},[63,67765,113],{"class":81},[63,67767,86],{"class":85},[63,67769,89],{"class":81},[63,67771,1341],{"class":85},[63,67773,126],{"class":81},[63,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67777,140],{"class":139},[63,67779,113],{"class":81},[63,67781,146],{"class":145},[63,67783,126],{"class":81},[14,67785,163],{},[54,67787,67789],{"className":56,"code":67788,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67790,67791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67792,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67794,173],{"class":81},[63,67796,86],{"class":85},[63,67798,89],{"class":81},[63,67800,1341],{"class":85},[63,67802,89],{"class":81},[63,67804,92],{"class":85},[63,67806,89],{"class":81},[63,67808,97],{"class":85},[63,67810,186],{"class":81},[14,67812,67813],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[54,67815,67817],{"className":56,"code":67816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67818,67819,67839,67853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67820,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67822,70],{"class":69},[63,67824,74],{"class":73},[63,67826,1091],{"class":81},[63,67828,86],{"class":85},[63,67830,89],{"class":81},[63,67832,92],{"class":85},[63,67834,89],{"class":81},[63,67836,97],{"class":85},[63,67838,186],{"class":81},[63,67840,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67842,146],{"class":69},[63,67844,173],{"class":81},[63,67846,86],{"class":85},[63,67848,13578],{"class":81},[63,67850,13581],{"class":73},[63,67852,14429],{"class":85},[63,67854,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67856,140],{"class":139},[63,67858,113],{"class":81},[63,67860,146],{"class":145},[63,67862,126],{"class":81},[14,67864,163],{},[54,67866,67868],{"className":56,"code":67867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67869,67870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67871,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67873,173],{"class":81},[63,67875,86],{"class":85},[63,67877,89],{"class":81},[63,67879,1341],{"class":85},[63,67881,89],{"class":81},[63,67883,97],{"class":85},[63,67885,186],{"class":81},[486,67887,67889],{"id":67888},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67891,67892,67894],{},[18,67893,54555],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67896,67897],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[54,67899,67901],{"className":56,"code":67900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67902,67903,67919,67943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67904,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67906,70],{"class":69},[63,67908,74],{"class":73},[63,67910,1091],{"class":81},[63,67912,86],{"class":85},[63,67914,89],{"class":81},[63,67916,705],{"class":85},[63,67918,186],{"class":81},[63,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,67922,146],{"class":69},[63,67924,259],{"class":81},[63,67926,54238],{"class":145},[63,67928,113],{"class":81},[63,67930,86],{"class":85},[63,67932,89],{"class":81},[63,67934,1091],{"class":81},[63,67936,2394],{"class":85},[63,67938,89],{"class":81},[63,67940,97],{"class":85},[63,67942,2080],{"class":81},[63,67944,67945,67947,67949,67951],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,67946,140],{"class":139},[63,67948,113],{"class":81},[63,67950,146],{"class":145},[63,67952,126],{"class":81},[14,67954,163],{},[54,67956,67958],{"className":56,"code":67957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67959,67960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,67961,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,67963,173],{"class":81},[63,67965,86],{"class":85},[63,67967,89],{"class":81},[63,67969,1091],{"class":81},[63,67971,2394],{"class":85},[63,67973,89],{"class":81},[63,67975,97],{"class":85},[63,67977,1243],{"class":81},[63,67979,705],{"class":85},[63,67981,186],{"class":81},[14,67983,67984,67985,259],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[196,67986,55805,67987,11046],{"href":53631},[18,67988,53733],{},[486,67990,67992],{"id":67991},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67994,9192,67995,67997],{},[18,67996,54555],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[54,67999,68001],{"className":56,"code":68000,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,68002,68003,68013,68027,68045,68059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68004,68005,68007,68009,68011],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68006,140],{"class":139},[63,68008,113],{"class":81},[63,68010,8654],{"class":145},[63,68012,126],{"class":81},[63,68014,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68016,140],{"class":139},[63,68018,113],{"class":81},[63,68020,11468],{"class":139},[63,68022,113],{"class":81},[63,68024,8654],{"class":145},[63,68026,100],{"class":81},[63,68028,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,68030,140],{"class":139},[63,68032,113],{"class":81},[63,68034,8654],{"class":145},[63,68036,259],{"class":81},[63,68038,54238],{"class":25042},[63,68040,259],{"class":81},[63,68042,34739],{"class":34746},[63,68044,126],{"class":81},[63,68046,68047,68049,68051,68053,68055,68057],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,68048,32444],{"class":139},[63,68050,113],{"class":81},[63,68052,276],{"class":77},[63,68054,259],{"class":81},[63,68056,54238],{"class":25042},[63,68058,126],{"class":81},[63,68060,68061,68063,68065,68067],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,68062,3557],{"class":77},[63,68064,113],{"class":81},[63,68066,8654],{"class":145},[63,68068,126],{"class":81},[14,68070,68071],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[29,68073,68074,68077,68080,68083],{},[32,68075,68076],{},"What is currently in the list",[32,68078,68079],{},"How long the list is",[32,68081,68082],{},"That you are working with a real list",[32,68084,68085],{},"How Python describes the method",[49,68087,5292,68089],{"id":68088},"when-to-use-insert",[18,68090,54555],{},[14,68092,222,68093,68095],{},[18,68094,54555],{}," when position matters.",[14,68097,36716],{},[29,68099,68100,68103,68106,68109],{},[32,68101,68102],{},"Ordered menus",[32,68104,68105],{},"Rankings or score lists",[32,68107,68108],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[32,68110,68111],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68113,68114,68115,68117,68118,68120,68121,68123],{},"You usually do ",[1217,68116,4961],{}," need ",[18,68119,54555],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,68122,1724],{}," is simpler.",[14,68125,68126,68127,259],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[196,68128,57435],{"href":57434},[49,68130,2165],{"id":2164},[486,68132,13011,68134,55754],{"id":68133},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,68135,54198],{},[14,68137,68138,68139,259],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,68140,4115],{},[486,68142,68144],{"id":68143},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68146,68147],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[486,68149,5497,68151,68153],{"id":68150},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,68152,54198],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68155,68156,68157,68159],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,68158,53733],{}," or slicing.",[486,68161,2169,68163,4726,68165,2827],{"id":68162},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,68164,54555],{},[18,68166,1724],{},[14,68168,68169,68171,68172,68174],{},[18,68170,54555],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,68173,1724],{}," adds only at the end.",[49,68176,2219],{"id":2218},[29,68178,68179,68185,68191,68195,68199,68203],{},[32,68180,68181],{},[196,68182,55805,68183,11046],{"href":57050},[18,68184,1724],{},[32,68186,68187],{},[196,68188,55805,68189,11046],{"href":53631},[18,68190,53733],{},[32,68192,68193],{},[196,68194,2257],{"href":1883},[32,68196,68197],{},[196,68198,258],{"href":257},[32,68200,68201],{},[196,68202,57509],{"href":57434},[32,68204,68205],{},[196,68206,30639,68207,33926],{"href":54582},[18,68208,68209],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2259,68211,68212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":68214},[68215,68217,68218,68219,68225,68232,68241,68243,68252],{"id":66400,"depth":103,"text":68216},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753},{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":66772,"depth":103,"text":66773,"children":68220},[68221,68222,68223,68224],{"id":66784,"depth":129,"text":66785},{"id":66875,"depth":129,"text":66876},{"id":66961,"depth":129,"text":66962},{"id":67047,"depth":129,"text":67048},{"id":67177,"depth":103,"text":68226,"children":68227},"insert() vs append()",[68228,68230],{"id":67187,"depth":129,"text":68229},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67200,"depth":129,"text":68231},"Use append() when:",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":68233},[68234,68236,68237,68239,68240],{"id":67401,"depth":129,"text":68235},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67571,"depth":129,"text":67572},{"id":67722,"depth":129,"text":68238},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67888,"depth":129,"text":67889},{"id":67991,"depth":129,"text":67992},{"id":68088,"depth":103,"text":68242},"When to use insert()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":68244},[68245,68247,68248,68250],{"id":68133,"depth":129,"text":68246},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68143,"depth":129,"text":68144},{"id":68150,"depth":129,"text":68249},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68162,"depth":129,"text":68251},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66310,"description":68253},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68260,"title":68261,"body":68262,"description":69817,"extension":2300,"meta":69818,"navigation":132,"path":59254,"seo":69819,"stem":69820,"__hash__":69821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68263,"toc":69790},[68264,68270,68279,68328,68330,68338,68344,68346,68364,68370,68375,68378,68381,68396,68398,68450,68452,68460,68468,68475,68477,68483,68548,68550,68558,68560,68579,68582,68633,68637,68642,68669,68671,68679,68682,68751,68753,68768,68774,68778,68787,68790,68845,68847,68855,68858,68860,68905,68907,68915,68921,68923,68931,68934,68936,68975,68977,69016,69021,69023,69025,69060,69063,69065,69103,69107,69113,69115,69166,69168,69176,69183,69186,69207,69210,69265,69276,69278,69339,69341,69350,69357,69363,69366,69369,69426,69429,69442,69449,69455,69461,69463,69476,69479,69576,69578,69595,69598,69680,69682,69704,69711,69717,69719,69723,69729,69735,69740,69744,69747,69753,69760,69762,69787],[10,68265,68267,68268,3997],{"id":68266},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,68269,11468],{},[14,68271,68272,68273,68275,68276,68278],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,68274,42651],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,68277,42651],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[54,68280,68282],{"className":56,"code":68281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,68283,68284,68304,68318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68285,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68287,70],{"class":69},[63,68289,74],{"class":73},[63,68291,1091],{"class":81},[63,68293,741],{"class":85},[63,68295,89],{"class":81},[63,68297,746],{"class":85},[63,68299,89],{"class":81},[63,68301,751],{"class":85},[63,68303,186],{"class":81},[63,68305,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68307,41532],{"class":69},[63,68309,74],{"class":73},[63,68311,38676],{"class":139},[63,68313,113],{"class":81},[63,68315,146],{"class":145},[63,68317,126],{"class":81},[63,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,68321,140],{"class":139},[63,68323,113],{"class":81},[63,68325,41550],{"class":145},[63,68327,126],{"class":81},[14,68329,163],{},[54,68331,68332],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68333,68334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68335,68336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68337,46908],{"class":85},[14,68339,222,68340,68343],{},[18,68341,68342],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[49,68345,15459],{"id":15458},[29,68347,68348,68353,68358,68361],{},[32,68349,4530,68350,68352],{},[18,68351,42651],{}," works with Python lists",[32,68354,68355,68356,12014],{},"What value ",[18,68357,42651],{},[32,68359,68360],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[32,68362,68363],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[49,68365,4014,68367,68369],{"id":68366},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,68368,42651],{}," returns for a list",[14,68371,68372,65182],{},[18,68373,68374],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68376,68377],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68379,68380],{},"A few important points:",[29,68382,68383,68386,68391],{},[32,68384,68385],{},"It counts list items",[32,68387,41196,68388,68390],{},[1217,68389,4961],{}," count characters inside a string item",[32,68392,68393,68394],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,68395,687],{},[14,68397,2543],{},[54,68399,68401],{"className":56,"code":68400,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,68402,68403,68436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68404,68405,68407,68409,68411,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68406,4403],{"class":69},[63,68408,74],{"class":73},[63,68410,1091],{"class":81},[63,68412,117],{"class":116},[63,68414,580],{"class":120},[63,68416,117],{"class":116},[63,68418,89],{"class":81},[63,68420,824],{"class":116},[63,68422,68423],{"class":120},"elephant",[63,68425,117],{"class":116},[63,68427,89],{"class":81},[63,68429,824],{"class":116},[63,68431,58408],{"class":120},[63,68433,117],{"class":116},[63,68435,186],{"class":81},[63,68437,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68439,140],{"class":139},[63,68441,113],{"class":81},[63,68443,11468],{"class":139},[63,68445,113],{"class":81},[63,68447,4445],{"class":145},[63,68449,100],{"class":81},[14,68451,163],{},[54,68453,68454],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68455,68456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68457,68458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68459,46908],{"class":85},[14,68461,21272,68462,68465,68466,65189],{},[18,68463,68464],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1217,68467,52947],{},[14,68469,68470,68471,259],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[196,68472,3912,68473,3845],{"href":42648},[18,68474,42651],{},[49,68476,6106],{"id":6105},[14,68478,68479,68480,68482],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,68481,42651],{},", and print the result.",[54,68484,68486],{"className":56,"code":68485,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,68487,68488,68520,68534,68538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68489,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68491,13381],{"class":69},[63,68493,74],{"class":73},[63,68495,1091],{"class":81},[63,68497,117],{"class":116},[63,68499,13398],{"class":120},[63,68501,117],{"class":116},[63,68503,89],{"class":81},[63,68505,824],{"class":116},[63,68507,17752],{"class":120},[63,68509,117],{"class":116},[63,68511,89],{"class":81},[63,68513,824],{"class":116},[63,68515,13415],{"class":120},[63,68517,117],{"class":116},[63,68519,186],{"class":81},[63,68521,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68523,41532],{"class":69},[63,68525,74],{"class":73},[63,68527,38676],{"class":139},[63,68529,113],{"class":81},[63,68531,17799],{"class":145},[63,68533,126],{"class":81},[63,68535,68536],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,68537,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,68539,68540,68542,68544,68546],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,68541,140],{"class":139},[63,68543,113],{"class":81},[63,68545,41550],{"class":145},[63,68547,126],{"class":81},[14,68549,163],{},[54,68551,68552],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68553,68554],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68555,68556],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68557,46908],{"class":85},[14,68559,11992],{},[29,68561,68562,68567,68574],{},[32,68563,68564,68566],{},[18,68565,17799],{}," is a list with 3 items",[32,68568,68569,2732,68572],{},[18,68570,68571],{},"len(colors)",[18,68573,1248],{},[32,68575,68576,68577],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68578,41550],{},[14,68580,68581],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[54,68583,68585],{"className":56,"code":68584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68586,68587,68619],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68588,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611,68613,68615,68617],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68590,13381],{"class":69},[63,68592,74],{"class":73},[63,68594,1091],{"class":81},[63,68596,117],{"class":116},[63,68598,13398],{"class":120},[63,68600,117],{"class":116},[63,68602,89],{"class":81},[63,68604,824],{"class":116},[63,68606,17752],{"class":120},[63,68608,117],{"class":116},[63,68610,89],{"class":81},[63,68612,824],{"class":116},[63,68614,13415],{"class":120},[63,68616,117],{"class":116},[63,68618,186],{"class":81},[63,68620,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68622,140],{"class":139},[63,68624,113],{"class":81},[63,68626,11468],{"class":139},[63,68628,113],{"class":81},[63,68630,17799],{"class":145},[63,68632,100],{"class":81},[49,68634,68636],{"id":68635},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68638,68639,68640,259],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68641,687],{},[54,68643,68645],{"className":56,"code":68644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68646,68647,68655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68648,68649,68651,68653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68650,342],{"class":69},[63,68652,74],{"class":73},[63,68654,8156],{"class":81},[63,68656,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68658,140],{"class":139},[63,68660,113],{"class":81},[63,68662,11468],{"class":139},[63,68664,113],{"class":81},[63,68666,357],{"class":145},[63,68668,100],{"class":81},[14,68670,163],{},[54,68672,68673],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68674,68675],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68676,68677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68678,47543],{"class":85},[14,68680,68681],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[54,68683,68685],{"className":56,"code":68684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68686,68687,68695,68699,68717,68731,68737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68688,68689,68691,68693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68690,342],{"class":69},[63,68692,74],{"class":73},[63,68694,8156],{"class":81},[63,68696,68697],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68698,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,68702,7318],{"class":1155},[63,68704,38676],{"class":139},[63,68706,113],{"class":81},[63,68708,357],{"class":145},[63,68710,3997],{"class":81},[63,68712,38686],{"class":73},[63,68714,4169],{"class":85},[63,68716,6713],{"class":81},[63,68718,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,68720,8386],{"class":139},[63,68722,113],{"class":81},[63,68724,357],{"class":145},[63,68726,173],{"class":81},[63,68728,687],{"class":85},[63,68730,2080],{"class":81},[63,68732,68733,68735],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,68734,27724],{"class":1155},[63,68736,6713],{"class":81},[63,68738,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,68740,8386],{"class":139},[63,68742,113],{"class":81},[63,68744,117],{"class":116},[63,68746,52108],{"class":120},[63,68748,117],{"class":116},[63,68750,126],{"class":81},[14,68752,163],{},[54,68754,68756],{"className":56,"code":68755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is empty\n",[18,68757,68758],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68759,68760,68762,68764,68766],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68761,2317],{"class":69},[63,68763,276],{"class":77},[63,68765,1047],{"class":73},[63,68767,8417],{"class":69},[14,68769,68770,68771,68773],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[196,68772,258],{"href":257}," is a good next step.",[49,68775,68777],{"id":68776},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68779,68780,68782,68783,68786],{},[18,68781,42651],{}," counts only the ",[1217,68784,68785],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68788,68789],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[54,68791,68793],{"className":56,"code":68792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68794,68795,68831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68796,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68798,2097],{"class":69},[63,68800,74],{"class":73},[63,68802,1234],{"class":81},[63,68804,86],{"class":85},[63,68806,89],{"class":81},[63,68808,92],{"class":85},[63,68810,1243],{"class":81},[63,68812,1091],{"class":81},[63,68814,1248],{"class":85},[63,68816,89],{"class":81},[63,68818,705],{"class":85},[63,68820,1243],{"class":81},[63,68822,1091],{"class":81},[63,68824,661],{"class":85},[63,68826,89],{"class":81},[63,68828,37934],{"class":85},[63,68830,1255],{"class":81},[63,68832,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68834,140],{"class":139},[63,68836,113],{"class":81},[63,68838,11468],{"class":139},[63,68840,113],{"class":81},[63,68842,2138],{"class":145},[63,68844,100],{"class":81},[14,68846,163],{},[54,68848,68849],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68850,68851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68852,68853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68854,46908],{"class":85},[14,68856,68857],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68859,52372],{},[54,68861,68863],{"className":56,"code":68862,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68864,68865,68891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68868,59754],{"class":69},[63,68870,74],{"class":73},[63,68872,1091],{"class":81},[63,68874,86],{"class":85},[63,68876,89],{"class":81},[63,68878,1091],{"class":81},[63,68880,2394],{"class":85},[63,68882,89],{"class":81},[63,68884,97],{"class":85},[63,68886,1243],{"class":81},[63,68888,705],{"class":85},[63,68890,186],{"class":81},[63,68892,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68894,140],{"class":139},[63,68896,113],{"class":81},[63,68898,11468],{"class":139},[63,68900,113],{"class":81},[63,68902,59807],{"class":145},[63,68904,100],{"class":81},[14,68906,163],{},[54,68908,68909],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,68910,68911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68912,68913],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68914,46908],{"class":85},[14,68916,21272,68917,68920],{},[18,68918,68919],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[49,68922,1888],{"id":1887},[486,68924,8733,68926,11398,68929],{"id":68925},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68927,68928],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68930,68374],{},[14,68932,68933],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68935,16941],{},[54,68937,68939],{"className":56,"code":68938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68940,68941,68961],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68942,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68944,70],{"class":69},[63,68946,74],{"class":73},[63,68948,1091],{"class":81},[63,68950,741],{"class":85},[63,68952,89],{"class":81},[63,68954,746],{"class":85},[63,68956,89],{"class":81},[63,68958,751],{"class":85},[63,68960,186],{"class":81},[63,68962,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,68964,140],{"class":139},[63,68966,113],{"class":81},[63,68968,146],{"class":145},[63,68970,259],{"class":81},[63,68972,11468],{"class":145},[63,68974,7515],{"class":81},[14,68976,16953],{},[54,68978,68980],{"className":56,"code":68979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68981,68982,69002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,68985,70],{"class":69},[63,68987,74],{"class":73},[63,68989,1091],{"class":81},[63,68991,741],{"class":85},[63,68993,89],{"class":81},[63,68995,746],{"class":85},[63,68997,89],{"class":81},[63,68999,751],{"class":85},[63,69001,186],{"class":81},[63,69003,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69005,140],{"class":139},[63,69007,113],{"class":81},[63,69009,11468],{"class":139},[63,69011,113],{"class":81},[63,69013,146],{"class":145},[63,69015,100],{"class":81},[14,69017,69018,69020],{},[18,69019,42651],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[486,69022,25978],{"id":25977},[14,69024,16941],{},[54,69026,69028],{"className":56,"code":69027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,69029,69030,69050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69031,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69033,70],{"class":69},[63,69035,74],{"class":73},[63,69037,1091],{"class":81},[63,69039,741],{"class":85},[63,69041,89],{"class":81},[63,69043,746],{"class":85},[63,69045,89],{"class":81},[63,69047,751],{"class":85},[63,69049,186],{"class":81},[63,69051,69052,69054,69056,69058],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69053,140],{"class":139},[63,69055,113],{"class":81},[63,69057,11468],{"class":139},[63,69059,126],{"class":81},[14,69061,69062],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69064,16953],{},[54,69066,69067],{"className":56,"code":68979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,69068,69069,69089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69070,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69072,70],{"class":69},[63,69074,74],{"class":73},[63,69076,1091],{"class":81},[63,69078,741],{"class":85},[63,69080,89],{"class":81},[63,69082,746],{"class":85},[63,69084,89],{"class":81},[63,69086,751],{"class":85},[63,69088,186],{"class":81},[63,69090,69091,69093,69095,69097,69099,69101],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69092,140],{"class":139},[63,69094,113],{"class":81},[63,69096,11468],{"class":139},[63,69098,113],{"class":81},[63,69100,146],{"class":145},[63,69102,100],{"class":81},[486,69104,69106],{"id":69105},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69108,69109,69110,69112],{},"The length of a list is ",[1217,69111,4961],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69114,2543],{},[54,69116,69118],{"className":56,"code":69117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,69119,69120,69152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69121,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69123,106],{"class":69},[63,69125,74],{"class":73},[63,69127,1091],{"class":81},[63,69129,117],{"class":116},[63,69131,196],{"class":120},[63,69133,117],{"class":116},[63,69135,89],{"class":81},[63,69137,824],{"class":116},[63,69139,206],{"class":120},[63,69141,117],{"class":116},[63,69143,89],{"class":81},[63,69145,824],{"class":116},[63,69147,215],{"class":120},[63,69149,117],{"class":116},[63,69151,186],{"class":81},[63,69153,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69155,140],{"class":139},[63,69157,113],{"class":81},[63,69159,11468],{"class":139},[63,69161,113],{"class":81},[63,69163,158],{"class":145},[63,69165,100],{"class":81},[14,69167,163],{},[54,69169,69170],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,69171,69172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69173,69174],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69175,46908],{"class":85},[14,69177,69178,69179,19259,69181,259],{},"But the last index is ",[18,69180,2394],{},[18,69182,1248],{},[14,69184,69185],{},"Indexes are:",[29,69187,69188,69195,69201],{},[32,69189,69190,69192,69193],{},[18,69191,687],{}," for ",[18,69194,18392],{},[32,69196,69197,69192,69199],{},[18,69198,86],{},[18,69200,65692],{},[32,69202,69203,69192,69205],{},[18,69204,2394],{},[18,69206,66578],{},[14,69208,69209],{},"So this causes an error:",[54,69211,69213],{"className":56,"code":69212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,69214,69215,69247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69216,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69218,106],{"class":69},[63,69220,74],{"class":73},[63,69222,1091],{"class":81},[63,69224,117],{"class":116},[63,69226,196],{"class":120},[63,69228,117],{"class":116},[63,69230,89],{"class":81},[63,69232,824],{"class":116},[63,69234,206],{"class":120},[63,69236,117],{"class":116},[63,69238,89],{"class":81},[63,69240,824],{"class":116},[63,69242,215],{"class":120},[63,69244,117],{"class":116},[63,69246,186],{"class":81},[63,69248,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69250,140],{"class":139},[63,69252,113],{"class":81},[63,69254,158],{"class":145},[63,69256,173],{"class":81},[63,69258,11468],{"class":139},[63,69260,113],{"class":81},[63,69262,158],{"class":145},[63,69264,10984],{"class":81},[14,69266,8812,69267,5114,69270,69272,69273,69275],{},[18,69268,69269],{},"len(letters)",[18,69271,1248],{},", and index ",[18,69274,1248],{}," does not exist.",[14,69277,19136],{},[54,69279,69281],{"className":56,"code":69280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,69282,69283,69315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69284,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69286,106],{"class":69},[63,69288,74],{"class":73},[63,69290,1091],{"class":81},[63,69292,117],{"class":116},[63,69294,196],{"class":120},[63,69296,117],{"class":116},[63,69298,89],{"class":81},[63,69300,824],{"class":116},[63,69302,206],{"class":120},[63,69304,117],{"class":116},[63,69306,89],{"class":81},[63,69308,824],{"class":116},[63,69310,215],{"class":120},[63,69312,117],{"class":116},[63,69314,186],{"class":81},[63,69316,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335,69337],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69318,140],{"class":139},[63,69320,113],{"class":81},[63,69322,158],{"class":145},[63,69324,173],{"class":81},[63,69326,11468],{"class":139},[63,69328,113],{"class":81},[63,69330,158],{"class":145},[63,69332,3997],{"class":81},[63,69334,2558],{"class":73},[63,69336,692],{"class":85},[63,69338,2080],{"class":81},[14,69340,163],{},[54,69342,69344],{"className":56,"code":69343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"c\n",[18,69345,69346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69347,69348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69349,69343],{"class":69},[14,69351,69352,69353,259],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[196,69354,69356],{"href":69355},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[486,69358,8733,69360,69362],{"id":69359},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,69361,42651],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69364,69365],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69367,69368],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[54,69370,69372],{"className":56,"code":69371,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,69373,69374,69384,69398,69412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69375,69376,69378,69380,69382],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69377,140],{"class":139},[63,69379,113],{"class":81},[63,69381,8654],{"class":145},[63,69383,126],{"class":81},[63,69385,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69387,140],{"class":139},[63,69389,113],{"class":81},[63,69391,11468],{"class":139},[63,69393,113],{"class":81},[63,69395,8654],{"class":145},[63,69397,100],{"class":81},[63,69399,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69401,140],{"class":139},[63,69403,113],{"class":81},[63,69405,3557],{"class":77},[63,69407,113],{"class":81},[63,69409,8654],{"class":145},[63,69411,100],{"class":81},[63,69413,69414,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,69415,140],{"class":139},[63,69417,113],{"class":81},[63,69419,8654],{"class":145},[63,69421,173],{"class":81},[63,69423,687],{"class":85},[63,69425,2080],{"class":81},[14,69427,69428],{},"These help you verify:",[29,69430,69431,69434,69436,69439],{},[32,69432,69433],{},"what the variable contains",[32,69435,61057],{},[32,69437,69438],{},"whether it is really a list",[32,69440,69441],{},"what the first item is",[14,69443,69444,69445,69448],{},"Be careful with ",[18,69446,69447],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[49,69450,5292,69452,69454],{"id":69451},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,69453,42651],{}," with lists",[14,69456,69457,69458,69460],{},"You will often use ",[18,69459,42651],{}," in real programs.",[14,69462,9681],{},[29,69464,69465,69467,69470,69473],{},[32,69466,52062],{},[32,69468,69469],{},"Control loops",[32,69471,69472],{},"Validate input or results",[32,69474,69475],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69477,69478],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[54,69480,69482],{"className":56,"code":69481,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,69483,69484,69504,69520,69524,69538,69552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69485,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69487,2890],{"class":69},[63,69489,74],{"class":73},[63,69491,1091],{"class":81},[63,69493,86],{"class":85},[63,69495,89],{"class":81},[63,69497,92],{"class":85},[63,69499,89],{"class":81},[63,69501,97],{"class":85},[63,69503,186],{"class":81},[63,69505,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69507,2918],{"class":69},[63,69509,74],{"class":73},[63,69511,1091],{"class":81},[63,69513,741],{"class":85},[63,69515,89],{"class":81},[63,69517,746],{"class":85},[63,69519,186],{"class":81},[63,69521,69522],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69523,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,69525,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,69527,140],{"class":139},[63,69529,113],{"class":81},[63,69531,11468],{"class":139},[63,69533,113],{"class":81},[63,69535,196],{"class":145},[63,69537,100],{"class":81},[63,69539,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,69541,140],{"class":139},[63,69543,113],{"class":81},[63,69545,11468],{"class":139},[63,69547,113],{"class":81},[63,69549,206],{"class":145},[63,69551,100],{"class":81},[63,69553,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,69555,140],{"class":139},[63,69557,113],{"class":81},[63,69559,11468],{"class":139},[63,69561,113],{"class":81},[63,69563,196],{"class":145},[63,69565,3997],{"class":81},[63,69567,38686],{"class":73},[63,69569,38676],{"class":139},[63,69571,113],{"class":81},[63,69573,206],{"class":145},[63,69575,100],{"class":81},[14,69577,163],{},[54,69579,69581],{"className":56,"code":69580,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69582,69583,69587,69591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69584,69585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69586,46908],{"class":85},[63,69588,69589],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69590,17353],{"class":85},[63,69592,69593],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69594,4313],{"class":1205},[14,69596,69597],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[54,69599,69601],{"className":56,"code":69600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69602,69603,69635,69639,69661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69604,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69606,1755],{"class":69},[63,69608,74],{"class":73},[63,69610,1091],{"class":81},[63,69612,117],{"class":116},[63,69614,827],{"class":120},[63,69616,117],{"class":116},[63,69618,89],{"class":81},[63,69620,824],{"class":116},[63,69622,1772],{"class":120},[63,69624,117],{"class":116},[63,69626,89],{"class":81},[63,69628,824],{"class":116},[63,69630,36244],{"class":120},[63,69632,117],{"class":116},[63,69634,186],{"class":81},[63,69636,69637],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69638,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,69640,69641,69643,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69642,6277],{"class":1155},[63,69644,69645],{"class":69}," i ",[63,69647,4217],{"class":1155},[63,69649,54357],{"class":139},[63,69651,113],{"class":81},[63,69653,11468],{"class":139},[63,69655,113],{"class":81},[63,69657,1818],{"class":145},[63,69659,69660],{"class":81},")):\n",[63,69662,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69674,69676,69678],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,69664,8386],{"class":139},[63,69666,113],{"class":81},[63,69668,994],{"class":145},[63,69670,89],{"class":81},[63,69672,69673],{"class":145}," names",[63,69675,173],{"class":81},[63,69677,994],{"class":145},[63,69679,2080],{"class":81},[14,69681,163],{},[54,69683,69684],{"className":56,"code":36293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,69685,69686,69692,69698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69687,69688,69690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69689,687],{"class":85},[63,69691,36302],{"class":69},[63,69693,69694,69696],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69695,86],{"class":85},[63,69697,36309],{"class":69},[63,69699,69700,69702],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69701,2394],{"class":85},[63,69703,36316],{"class":69},[14,69705,69706,69707,259],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[196,69708,69710],{"href":69709},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69712,69713,69714,69716],{},"You can also read ",[196,69715,51839],{"href":51838}," for a task-focused guide.",[49,69718,2165],{"id":2164},[486,69720,69722],{"id":69721},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69724,222,69725,69728],{},[18,69726,69727],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[486,69730,5469,69732,13023],{"id":69731},"what-does-len-return",[18,69733,69734],{},"len([])",[14,69736,5475,69737,69739],{},[18,69738,687],{}," because the list is empty.",[486,69741,69743],{"id":69742},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69745,69746],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[486,69748,28619,69750,69752],{"id":69749},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69751,68928],{}," in Python?",[14,69754,30562,69755,8537,69757,69759],{},[18,69756,68374],{},[18,69758,42651],{}," is a built-in function.",[49,69761,2219],{"id":2218},[29,69763,69764,69770,69774,69778,69782],{},[32,69765,69766],{},[196,69767,3912,69768,3845],{"href":42648},[18,69769,42651],{},[32,69771,69772],{},[196,69773,52883],{"href":51838},[32,69775,69776],{},[196,69777,258],{"href":257},[32,69779,69780],{},[196,69781,69356],{"href":69355},[32,69783,69784],{},[196,69785,69786],{"href":69709},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2259,69788,69789],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":69791},[69792,69793,69795,69796,69797,69798,69806,69808,69816],{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":68366,"depth":103,"text":69794},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":68635,"depth":103,"text":68636},{"id":68776,"depth":103,"text":68777},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":69799},[69800,69802,69803,69804],{"id":68925,"depth":129,"text":69801},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25977,"depth":129,"text":25978},{"id":69105,"depth":129,"text":69106},{"id":69359,"depth":129,"text":69805},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69451,"depth":103,"text":69807},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":69809},[69810,69811,69813,69814],{"id":69721,"depth":129,"text":69722},{"id":69731,"depth":129,"text":69812},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69742,"depth":129,"text":69743},{"id":69749,"depth":129,"text":69815},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68261,"description":69817},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69823,"title":69824,"body":69825,"description":71807,"extension":2300,"meta":71808,"navigation":132,"path":71809,"seo":71810,"stem":71811,"__hash__":71812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69826,"toc":71780},[69827,69830,69835,69838,69846,69859,69861,69926,69928,69950,69955,69959,69964,69972,69974,69984,69986,70067,70069,70099,70101,70120,70125,70142,70144,70228,70230,70260,70265,70269,70275,70359,70361,70391,70394,70398,70401,70492,70494,70532,70535,70620,70622,70652,70658,70665,70669,70674,70683,70685,70770,70772,70801,70804,70812,70816,70820,70829,70852,70854,70876,70878,70892,70894,70954,70958,70963,71002,71004,71021,71023,71033,71132,71137,71141,71146,71189,71191,71219,71221,71235,71310,71312,71334,71338,71341,71346,71357,71362,71370,71373,71444,71446,71471,71528,71530,71551,71560,71568,71573,71575,71580,71601,71604,71679,71682,71696,71703,71705,71709,71715,71719,71729,71733,71740,71744,71750,71752,71777],[10,69828,69824],{"id":69829},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69831,69832,69834],{},[18,69833,55368],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69836,69837],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[29,69839,69840,69843],{},[32,69841,69842],{},"delete an item from a list",[32,69844,69845],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69847,69848,69849,69851,69852,9021,69854,69858],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69850,13070],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69853,13070],{},[196,69855,69856],{"href":55358},[18,69857,55814],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[49,69860,52],{"id":51},[54,69862,69864],{"className":56,"code":69863,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69865,69866,69886,69901,69905,69916],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69867,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69869,70],{"class":69},[63,69871,74],{"class":73},[63,69873,1091],{"class":81},[63,69875,741],{"class":85},[63,69877,89],{"class":81},[63,69879,746],{"class":85},[63,69881,89],{"class":81},[63,69883,751],{"class":85},[63,69885,186],{"class":81},[63,69887,69888,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69889,69890],{"class":69},"last_item ",[63,69892,74],{"class":73},[63,69894,4595],{"class":69},[63,69896,259],{"class":81},[63,69898,26532],{"class":145},[63,69900,279],{"class":81},[63,69902,69903],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,69904,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,69906,69907,69909,69911,69914],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,69908,140],{"class":139},[63,69910,113],{"class":81},[63,69912,69913],{"class":145},"last_item",[63,69915,126],{"class":81},[63,69917,69918,69920,69922,69924],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,69919,140],{"class":139},[63,69921,113],{"class":81},[63,69923,146],{"class":145},[63,69925,126],{"class":81},[14,69927,163],{},[54,69929,69931],{"className":56,"code":69930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69932,69933,69938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69934,69935],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69936,69937],{"class":85},"30\n",[63,69939,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,69941,173],{"class":81},[63,69943,741],{"class":85},[63,69945,89],{"class":81},[63,69947,746],{"class":85},[63,69949,186],{"class":81},[14,69951,222,69952,69954],{},[18,69953,13070],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[49,69956,69958],{"id":69957},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69960,69961,69963],{},[18,69962,13070],{}," has two main jobs:",[29,69965,69966,69969],{},[32,69967,69968],{},"It removes one item from a list",[32,69970,69971],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69973,43941],{},[29,69975,69976,69979,69982],{},[32,69977,69978],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[32,69980,69981],{},"It changes the original list",[32,69983,53036],{},[14,69985,2543],{},[54,69987,69989],{"className":56,"code":69988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69990,69991,70023,70027,70042,70046,70057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,69992,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,69994,13381],{"class":69},[63,69996,74],{"class":73},[63,69998,1091],{"class":81},[63,70000,117],{"class":116},[63,70002,13398],{"class":120},[63,70004,117],{"class":116},[63,70006,89],{"class":81},[63,70008,824],{"class":116},[63,70010,17752],{"class":120},[63,70012,117],{"class":116},[63,70014,89],{"class":81},[63,70016,824],{"class":116},[63,70018,13415],{"class":120},[63,70020,117],{"class":116},[63,70022,186],{"class":81},[63,70024,70025],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70026,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70028,70029,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70030,70031],{"class":69},"removed ",[63,70033,74],{"class":73},[63,70035,13429],{"class":69},[63,70037,259],{"class":81},[63,70039,26532],{"class":145},[63,70041,279],{"class":81},[63,70043,70044],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70045,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70047,70048,70050,70052,70055],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70049,140],{"class":139},[63,70051,113],{"class":81},[63,70053,70054],{"class":145},"removed",[63,70056,126],{"class":81},[63,70058,70059,70061,70063,70065],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70060,140],{"class":139},[63,70062,113],{"class":81},[63,70064,17799],{"class":145},[63,70066,126],{"class":81},[14,70068,163],{},[54,70070,70072],{"className":56,"code":70071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,70073,70074,70079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70075,70076],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70077,70078],{"class":69},"blue\n",[63,70080,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70082,173],{"class":81},[63,70084,193],{"class":116},[63,70086,13398],{"class":120},[63,70088,193],{"class":116},[63,70090,89],{"class":81},[63,70092,203],{"class":116},[63,70094,17752],{"class":120},[63,70096,193],{"class":116},[63,70098,186],{"class":81},[49,70100,263],{"id":262},[54,70102,70104],{"className":56,"code":70103,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,70105,70106],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70107,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70109,276],{"class":77},[63,70111,259],{"class":81},[63,70113,26532],{"class":145},[63,70115,2071],{"class":81},[63,70117,36141],{"class":145},[63,70119,2080],{"class":81},[14,70121,2317,70122,70124],{},[18,70123,36141],{}," is optional.",[29,70126,70127,70133,70139],{},[32,70128,70129,70130,70132],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,70131,13070],{}," removes the last item",[32,70134,70135,70136,70138],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,70137,13070],{}," removes the item at that position",[32,70140,70141],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70143,2543],{},[54,70145,70147],{"className":56,"code":70146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,70148,70149,70181,70185,70204,70208,70218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70150,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70152,106],{"class":69},[63,70154,74],{"class":73},[63,70156,1091],{"class":81},[63,70158,117],{"class":116},[63,70160,196],{"class":120},[63,70162,117],{"class":116},[63,70164,89],{"class":81},[63,70166,824],{"class":116},[63,70168,206],{"class":120},[63,70170,117],{"class":116},[63,70172,89],{"class":81},[63,70174,824],{"class":116},[63,70176,215],{"class":120},[63,70178,117],{"class":116},[63,70180,186],{"class":81},[63,70182,70183],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70184,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70186,70187,70189,70191,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70188,28829],{"class":69},[63,70190,74],{"class":73},[63,70192,70193],{"class":69}," letters",[63,70195,259],{"class":81},[63,70197,26532],{"class":145},[63,70199,113],{"class":81},[63,70201,86],{"class":85},[63,70203,126],{"class":81},[63,70205,70206],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70207,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70209,70210,70212,70214,70216],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70211,140],{"class":139},[63,70213,113],{"class":81},[63,70215,23603],{"class":145},[63,70217,126],{"class":81},[63,70219,70220,70222,70224,70226],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70221,140],{"class":139},[63,70223,113],{"class":81},[63,70225,158],{"class":145},[63,70227,126],{"class":81},[14,70229,163],{},[54,70231,70233],{"className":56,"code":70232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,70234,70235,70240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70236,70237],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70238,70239],{"class":69},"b\n",[63,70241,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70243,173],{"class":81},[63,70245,193],{"class":116},[63,70247,196],{"class":120},[63,70249,193],{"class":116},[63,70251,89],{"class":81},[63,70253,203],{"class":116},[63,70255,215],{"class":120},[63,70257,193],{"class":116},[63,70259,186],{"class":81},[14,70261,70262,70263,259],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[196,70264,258],{"href":257},[49,70266,70268],{"id":70267},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70270,70271,70272,70274],{},"When you call ",[18,70273,13070],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[54,70276,70278],{"className":56,"code":70277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,70279,70280,70315,70319,70334,70338,70349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70293,70295,70297,70299,70302,70304,70306,70308,70311,70313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70283,30189],{"class":69},[63,70285,74],{"class":73},[63,70287,1091],{"class":81},[63,70289,117],{"class":116},[63,70291,70292],{"class":120},"write",[63,70294,117],{"class":116},[63,70296,89],{"class":81},[63,70298,824],{"class":116},[63,70300,70301],{"class":120},"test",[63,70303,117],{"class":116},[63,70305,89],{"class":81},[63,70307,824],{"class":116},[63,70309,70310],{"class":120},"submit",[63,70312,117],{"class":116},[63,70314,186],{"class":81},[63,70316,70317],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70318,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70320,70321,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70322,70323],{"class":69},"last_task ",[63,70325,74],{"class":73},[63,70327,30267],{"class":69},[63,70329,259],{"class":81},[63,70331,26532],{"class":145},[63,70333,279],{"class":81},[63,70335,70336],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70337,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70339,70340,70342,70344,70347],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70341,140],{"class":139},[63,70343,113],{"class":81},[63,70345,70346],{"class":145},"last_task",[63,70348,126],{"class":81},[63,70350,70351,70353,70355,70357],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70352,140],{"class":139},[63,70354,113],{"class":81},[63,70356,36796],{"class":145},[63,70358,126],{"class":81},[14,70360,163],{},[54,70362,70364],{"className":56,"code":70363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,70365,70366,70371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70367,70368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70369,70370],{"class":69},"submit\n",[63,70372,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70374,173],{"class":81},[63,70376,193],{"class":116},[63,70378,70292],{"class":120},[63,70380,193],{"class":116},[63,70382,89],{"class":81},[63,70384,203],{"class":116},[63,70386,70301],{"class":120},[63,70388,193],{"class":116},[63,70390,186],{"class":81},[14,70392,70393],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[49,70395,70397],{"id":70396},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70399,70400],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[54,70402,70404],{"className":56,"code":70403,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70405,70406,70446,70450,70468,70472,70482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70407,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70409,36529],{"class":69},[63,70411,74],{"class":73},[63,70413,1091],{"class":81},[63,70415,117],{"class":116},[63,70417,408],{"class":120},[63,70419,117],{"class":116},[63,70421,89],{"class":81},[63,70423,824],{"class":116},[63,70425,427],{"class":120},[63,70427,117],{"class":116},[63,70429,89],{"class":81},[63,70431,824],{"class":116},[63,70433,4428],{"class":120},[63,70435,117],{"class":116},[63,70437,89],{"class":81},[63,70439,824],{"class":116},[63,70441,33513],{"class":120},[63,70443,117],{"class":116},[63,70445,186],{"class":81},[63,70447,70448],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70449,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70451,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70453,70031],{"class":69},[63,70455,74],{"class":73},[63,70457,53141],{"class":69},[63,70459,259],{"class":81},[63,70461,26532],{"class":145},[63,70463,113],{"class":81},[63,70465,86],{"class":85},[63,70467,126],{"class":81},[63,70469,70470],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70471,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70473,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70475,140],{"class":139},[63,70477,113],{"class":81},[63,70479,70054],{"class":145},[63,70481,126],{"class":81},[63,70483,70484,70486,70488,70490],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70485,140],{"class":139},[63,70487,113],{"class":81},[63,70489,36581],{"class":145},[63,70491,126],{"class":81},[14,70493,163],{},[54,70495,70497],{"className":56,"code":70496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,70498,70499,70504],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70500,70501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70502,70503],{"class":69},"banana\n",[63,70505,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70507,173],{"class":81},[63,70509,193],{"class":116},[63,70511,408],{"class":120},[63,70513,193],{"class":116},[63,70515,89],{"class":81},[63,70517,203],{"class":116},[63,70519,4428],{"class":120},[63,70521,193],{"class":116},[63,70523,89],{"class":81},[63,70525,203],{"class":116},[63,70527,33513],{"class":120},[63,70529,193],{"class":116},[63,70531,186],{"class":81},[14,70533,70534],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[54,70536,70538],{"className":56,"code":70537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,70539,70540,70572,70576,70596,70600,70610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70541,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70543,36529],{"class":69},[63,70545,74],{"class":73},[63,70547,1091],{"class":81},[63,70549,117],{"class":116},[63,70551,408],{"class":120},[63,70553,117],{"class":116},[63,70555,89],{"class":81},[63,70557,824],{"class":116},[63,70559,427],{"class":120},[63,70561,117],{"class":116},[63,70563,89],{"class":81},[63,70565,824],{"class":116},[63,70567,4428],{"class":120},[63,70569,117],{"class":116},[63,70571,186],{"class":81},[63,70573,70574],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70575,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70577,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70579,70031],{"class":69},[63,70581,74],{"class":73},[63,70583,53141],{"class":69},[63,70585,259],{"class":81},[63,70587,26532],{"class":145},[63,70589,113],{"class":81},[63,70591,2359],{"class":73},[63,70593,86],{"class":85},[63,70595,126],{"class":81},[63,70597,70598],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70599,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70601,70602,70604,70606,70608],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70603,140],{"class":139},[63,70605,113],{"class":81},[63,70607,70054],{"class":145},[63,70609,126],{"class":81},[63,70611,70612,70614,70616,70618],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70613,140],{"class":139},[63,70615,113],{"class":81},[63,70617,36581],{"class":145},[63,70619,126],{"class":81},[14,70621,163],{},[54,70623,70625],{"className":56,"code":70624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70626,70627,70632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70628,70629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70630,70631],{"class":69},"cherry\n",[63,70633,70634,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70635,173],{"class":81},[63,70637,193],{"class":116},[63,70639,408],{"class":120},[63,70641,193],{"class":116},[63,70643,89],{"class":81},[63,70645,203],{"class":116},[63,70647,427],{"class":120},[63,70649,193],{"class":116},[63,70651,186],{"class":81},[14,70653,70654,70655,70657],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70656,65951],{}," means the last item.",[14,70659,70660,70661,259],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[196,70662,70663,11046],{"href":59246},[18,70664,64962],{},[49,70666,70668],{"id":70667},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70670,70671,70673],{},[18,70672,13070],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70675,70676,70677,4726,70679,259],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70678,13070],{},[196,70680,70681],{"href":55358},[18,70682,55814],{},[14,70684,2543],{},[54,70686,70688],{"className":56,"code":70687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70689,70690,70722,70726,70745,70749,70760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70691,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70693,1755],{"class":69},[63,70695,74],{"class":73},[63,70697,1091],{"class":81},[63,70699,117],{"class":116},[63,70701,827],{"class":120},[63,70703,117],{"class":116},[63,70705,89],{"class":81},[63,70707,824],{"class":116},[63,70709,1772],{"class":120},[63,70711,117],{"class":116},[63,70713,89],{"class":81},[63,70715,824],{"class":116},[63,70717,36244],{"class":120},[63,70719,117],{"class":116},[63,70721,186],{"class":81},[63,70723,70724],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70725,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70727,70728,70731,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70729,70730],{"class":69},"removed_name ",[63,70732,74],{"class":73},[63,70734,69673],{"class":69},[63,70736,259],{"class":81},[63,70738,26532],{"class":145},[63,70740,113],{"class":81},[63,70742,687],{"class":85},[63,70744,126],{"class":81},[63,70746,70747],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70748,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70750,70751,70753,70755,70758],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70752,140],{"class":139},[63,70754,113],{"class":81},[63,70756,70757],{"class":145},"removed_name",[63,70759,126],{"class":81},[63,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70763,140],{"class":139},[63,70765,113],{"class":81},[63,70767,1818],{"class":145},[63,70769,126],{"class":81},[14,70771,163],{},[54,70773,70775],{"className":56,"code":70774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70776,70777,70781],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70778,70779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70780,50332],{"class":69},[63,70782,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70784,173],{"class":81},[63,70786,193],{"class":116},[63,70788,1772],{"class":120},[63,70790,193],{"class":116},[63,70792,89],{"class":81},[63,70794,203],{"class":116},[63,70796,36244],{"class":120},[63,70798,193],{"class":116},[63,70800,186],{"class":81},[14,70802,70803],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70805,70806,70807,70809,70810,259],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70808,55814],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70811,4115],{},[49,70813,70815],{"id":70814},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[486,70817,70819],{"id":70818},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70821,70822,70823,70825,70826,259],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70824,13070],{}," raises an ",[18,70827,70828],{},"IndexError",[54,70830,70832],{"className":56,"code":70831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70833,70834,70842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70835,70836,70838,70840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70837,342],{"class":69},[63,70839,74],{"class":73},[63,70841,8156],{"class":81},[63,70843,70844,70846,70848,70850],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70845,357],{"class":69},[63,70847,259],{"class":81},[63,70849,26532],{"class":145},[63,70851,279],{"class":81},[14,70853,163],{},[54,70855,70857],{"className":56,"code":70856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70858,70859],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70860,70861,70863,70865,70868,70871,70874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70862,70828],{"class":77},[63,70864,821],{"class":81},[63,70866,70867],{"class":69}," pop ",[63,70869,70870],{"class":1155},"from",[63,70872,70873],{"class":69}," empty ",[63,70875,50178],{"class":77},[14,70877,39551],{},[29,70879,70880,70885],{},[32,70881,70882,70883],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70884,13070],{},[32,70886,70887,70888,4726,70890],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70889,30095],{},[18,70891,30126],{},[14,70893,2543],{},[54,70895,70897],{"className":56,"code":70896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70898,70899,70907,70911,70919,70933,70939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70900,70901,70903,70905],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70902,342],{"class":69},[63,70904,74],{"class":73},[63,70906,8156],{"class":81},[63,70908,70909],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70910,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,70912,70913,70915,70917],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,70914,7318],{"class":1155},[63,70916,6285],{"class":69},[63,70918,6713],{"class":81},[63,70920,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,70922,8386],{"class":139},[63,70924,113],{"class":81},[63,70926,357],{"class":145},[63,70928,259],{"class":81},[63,70930,26532],{"class":145},[63,70932,7515],{"class":81},[63,70934,70935,70937],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,70936,27724],{"class":1155},[63,70938,6713],{"class":81},[63,70940,70941,70943,70945,70947,70950,70952],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,70942,8386],{"class":139},[63,70944,113],{"class":81},[63,70946,117],{"class":116},[63,70948,70949],{"class":120},"The list is empty.",[63,70951,117],{"class":116},[63,70953,126],{"class":81},[486,70955,70957],{"id":70956},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70959,70960,70961,259],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70962,70828],{},[54,70964,70966],{"className":56,"code":70965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70967,70968,70988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,70969,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,70971,70],{"class":69},[63,70973,74],{"class":73},[63,70975,1091],{"class":81},[63,70977,741],{"class":85},[63,70979,89],{"class":81},[63,70981,746],{"class":85},[63,70983,89],{"class":81},[63,70985,751],{"class":85},[63,70987,186],{"class":81},[63,70989,70990,70992,70994,70996,70998,71000],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,70991,146],{"class":69},[63,70993,259],{"class":81},[63,70995,26532],{"class":145},[63,70997,113],{"class":81},[63,70999,661],{"class":85},[63,71001,126],{"class":81},[14,71003,163],{},[54,71005,71007],{"className":56,"code":71006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,71008,71009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71010,71011,71013,71015,71018],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71012,70828],{"class":77},[63,71014,821],{"class":81},[63,71016,71017],{"class":69}," pop index out of ",[63,71019,71020],{"class":139},"range\n",[14,71022,39551],{},[29,71024,71025,71030],{},[32,71026,71027,71028],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,71029,42651],{},[32,71031,71032],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[54,71034,71036],{"className":56,"code":71035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,71037,71038,71058,71067,71071,71093,71111,71117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71039,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71041,70],{"class":69},[63,71043,74],{"class":73},[63,71045,1091],{"class":81},[63,71047,741],{"class":85},[63,71049,89],{"class":81},[63,71051,746],{"class":85},[63,71053,89],{"class":81},[63,71055,751],{"class":85},[63,71057,186],{"class":81},[63,71059,71060,71063,71065],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71061,71062],{"class":69},"index ",[63,71064,74],{"class":73},[63,71066,45881],{"class":85},[63,71068,71069],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71070,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,71072,71073,71075,71077,71080,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71074,7318],{"class":1155},[63,71076,4169],{"class":85},[63,71078,71079],{"class":73}," \u003C=",[63,71081,71082],{"class":69}," index ",[63,71084,3626],{"class":73},[63,71086,38676],{"class":139},[63,71088,113],{"class":81},[63,71090,146],{"class":145},[63,71092,8657],{"class":81},[63,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,71096,8386],{"class":139},[63,71098,113],{"class":81},[63,71100,146],{"class":145},[63,71102,259],{"class":81},[63,71104,26532],{"class":145},[63,71106,113],{"class":81},[63,71108,36141],{"class":145},[63,71110,100],{"class":81},[63,71112,71113,71115],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,71114,27724],{"class":1155},[63,71116,6713],{"class":81},[63,71118,71119,71121,71123,71125,71128,71130],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,71120,8386],{"class":139},[63,71122,113],{"class":81},[63,71124,117],{"class":116},[63,71126,71127],{"class":120},"Index is out of range.",[63,71129,117],{"class":116},[63,71131,126],{"class":81},[14,71133,71134,71135,259],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[196,71136,69356],{"href":69355},[486,71138,71140],{"id":71139},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71142,71143,71145],{},[18,71144,13070],{}," expects an integer index.",[54,71147,71149],{"className":56,"code":71148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,71150,71151,71171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71152,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71154,70],{"class":69},[63,71156,74],{"class":73},[63,71158,1091],{"class":81},[63,71160,741],{"class":85},[63,71162,89],{"class":81},[63,71164,746],{"class":85},[63,71166,89],{"class":81},[63,71168,751],{"class":85},[63,71170,186],{"class":81},[63,71172,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71174,146],{"class":69},[63,71176,259],{"class":81},[63,71178,26532],{"class":145},[63,71180,113],{"class":81},[63,71182,117],{"class":116},[63,71184,86],{"class":120},[63,71186,117],{"class":116},[63,71188,126],{"class":81},[14,71190,163],{},[54,71192,71194],{"className":56,"code":71193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,71195,71196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71197,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210,71213,71216],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71199,1032],{"class":77},[63,71201,821],{"class":81},[63,71203,203],{"class":116},[63,71205,3779],{"class":120},[63,71207,193],{"class":116},[63,71209,1044],{"class":77},[63,71211,71212],{"class":69}," cannot be interpreted ",[63,71214,71215],{"class":1155},"as",[63,71217,71218],{"class":69}," an integer\n",[14,71220,39551],{},[29,71222,71223,71232],{},[32,71224,71225,71226,2524,71228,2528,71230],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,71227,687],{},[18,71229,86],{},[18,71231,65951],{},[32,71233,71234],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[54,71236,71238],{"className":56,"code":71237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71239,71240,71260,71278,71282,71300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71241,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71243,70],{"class":69},[63,71245,74],{"class":73},[63,71247,1091],{"class":81},[63,71249,741],{"class":85},[63,71251,89],{"class":81},[63,71253,746],{"class":85},[63,71255,89],{"class":81},[63,71257,751],{"class":85},[63,71259,186],{"class":81},[63,71261,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71263,71062],{"class":69},[63,71265,74],{"class":73},[63,71267,45568],{"class":77},[63,71269,113],{"class":81},[63,71271,117],{"class":116},[63,71273,86],{"class":120},[63,71275,117],{"class":116},[63,71277,126],{"class":81},[63,71279,71280],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71281,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,71283,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71285,140],{"class":139},[63,71287,113],{"class":81},[63,71289,146],{"class":145},[63,71291,259],{"class":81},[63,71293,26532],{"class":145},[63,71295,113],{"class":81},[63,71297,36141],{"class":145},[63,71299,100],{"class":81},[63,71301,71302,71304,71306,71308],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,71303,140],{"class":139},[63,71305,113],{"class":81},[63,71307,146],{"class":145},[63,71309,126],{"class":81},[14,71311,163],{},[54,71313,71315],{"className":56,"code":71314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,71316,71317,71322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71318,71319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71320,71321],{"class":85},"20\n",[63,71323,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71325,173],{"class":81},[63,71327,741],{"class":85},[63,71329,89],{"class":81},[63,71331,751],{"class":85},[63,71333,186],{"class":81},[49,71335,71337],{"id":71336},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71339,71340],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[486,71342,222,71344,1716],{"id":71343},"use-pop-when",[18,71345,13070],{},[29,71347,71348,71351,71354],{},[32,71349,71350],{},"you want to remove by index",[32,71352,71353],{},"you want the removed item returned",[32,71355,71356],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[486,71358,222,71360,1716],{"id":71359},"use-remove-when",[18,71361,55814],{},[29,71363,71364,71367],{},[32,71365,71366],{},"you want to remove by value",[32,71368,71369],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71371,71372],{},"Compare these examples:",[54,71374,71376],{"className":56,"code":71375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71377,71378,71402,71406,71424,71434],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71379,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71381,70],{"class":69},[63,71383,74],{"class":73},[63,71385,1091],{"class":81},[63,71387,741],{"class":85},[63,71389,89],{"class":81},[63,71391,746],{"class":85},[63,71393,89],{"class":81},[63,71395,751],{"class":85},[63,71397,89],{"class":81},[63,71399,746],{"class":85},[63,71401,186],{"class":81},[63,71403,71404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71405,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,71407,71408,71410,71412,71414,71416,71418,71420,71422],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71409,70031],{"class":69},[63,71411,74],{"class":73},[63,71413,4595],{"class":69},[63,71415,259],{"class":81},[63,71417,26532],{"class":145},[63,71419,113],{"class":81},[63,71421,86],{"class":85},[63,71423,126],{"class":81},[63,71425,71426,71428,71430,71432],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71427,140],{"class":139},[63,71429,113],{"class":81},[63,71431,70054],{"class":145},[63,71433,126],{"class":81},[63,71435,71436,71438,71440,71442],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,71437,140],{"class":139},[63,71439,113],{"class":81},[63,71441,146],{"class":145},[63,71443,126],{"class":81},[14,71445,163],{},[54,71447,71449],{"className":56,"code":71448,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71450,71451,71455],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71452,71453],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71454,71321],{"class":85},[63,71456,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71458,173],{"class":81},[63,71460,741],{"class":85},[63,71462,89],{"class":81},[63,71464,751],{"class":85},[63,71466,89],{"class":81},[63,71468,746],{"class":85},[63,71470,186],{"class":81},[54,71472,71474],{"className":56,"code":71473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,71475,71476,71500,71504,71518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71477,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486,71488,71490,71492,71494,71496,71498],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71479,70],{"class":69},[63,71481,74],{"class":73},[63,71483,1091],{"class":81},[63,71485,741],{"class":85},[63,71487,89],{"class":81},[63,71489,746],{"class":85},[63,71491,89],{"class":81},[63,71493,751],{"class":85},[63,71495,89],{"class":81},[63,71497,746],{"class":85},[63,71499,186],{"class":81},[63,71501,71502],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71503,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,71505,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71507,146],{"class":69},[63,71509,259],{"class":81},[63,71511,35088],{"class":145},[63,71513,113],{"class":81},[63,71515,16051],{"class":85},[63,71517,126],{"class":81},[63,71519,71520,71522,71524,71526],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71521,140],{"class":139},[63,71523,113],{"class":81},[63,71525,146],{"class":145},[63,71527,126],{"class":81},[14,71529,163],{},[54,71531,71533],{"className":56,"code":71532,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,71534,71535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71536,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71538,173],{"class":81},[63,71540,741],{"class":85},[63,71542,89],{"class":81},[63,71544,751],{"class":85},[63,71546,89],{"class":81},[63,71548,746],{"class":85},[63,71550,186],{"class":81},[14,71552,71553,71554,71557,71558,259],{},"In the first example, ",[18,71555,71556],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,71559,86],{},[14,71561,56886,71562,71565,71566,259],{},[18,71563,71564],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,71567,16051],{},[14,71569,71570,71571,259],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[196,71572,55354],{"href":55353},[49,71574,3167],{"id":3166},[14,71576,71577,71578,821],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71579,13070],{},[29,71581,71582,71585,71588,71594,71598],{},[32,71583,71584],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[32,71586,71587],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[32,71589,37494,71590,9021,71592],{},[18,71591,13070],{},[18,71593,55814],{},[32,71595,8769,71596,62244],{},[18,71597,13070],{},[32,71599,71600],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71602,71603],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[54,71605,71607],{"className":56,"code":71606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71608,71609,71619,71633,71647,71665],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71610,71611,71613,71615,71617],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71612,140],{"class":139},[63,71614,113],{"class":81},[63,71616,8654],{"class":145},[63,71618,126],{"class":81},[63,71620,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71622,140],{"class":139},[63,71624,113],{"class":81},[63,71626,11468],{"class":139},[63,71628,113],{"class":81},[63,71630,8654],{"class":145},[63,71632,100],{"class":81},[63,71634,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71636,140],{"class":139},[63,71638,113],{"class":81},[63,71640,8654],{"class":145},[63,71642,259],{"class":81},[63,71644,26532],{"class":145},[63,71646,7515],{"class":81},[63,71648,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71650,140],{"class":139},[63,71652,113],{"class":81},[63,71654,8654],{"class":145},[63,71656,259],{"class":81},[63,71658,26532],{"class":145},[63,71660,113],{"class":81},[63,71662,687],{"class":85},[63,71664,100],{"class":81},[63,71666,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,71668,140],{"class":139},[63,71670,113],{"class":81},[63,71672,3557],{"class":77},[63,71674,113],{"class":81},[63,71676,36141],{"class":145},[63,71678,100],{"class":81},[14,71680,71681],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[29,71683,71684,71690],{},[32,71685,71686,71689],{},[18,71687,71688],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[32,71691,71692,71695],{},[18,71693,71694],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71697,71698,71699,71702],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71700,71701],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[49,71704,2165],{"id":2164},[486,71706,71708],{"id":71707},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71710,71711,71712,71714],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71713,13070],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[486,71716,71718],{"id":71717},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71720,71721,71723,71724,71726,71727,259],{},[18,71722,13070],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71725,55814],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71728,4115],{},[486,71730,71732],{"id":71731},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71734,71735,71736,71739],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71737,71738],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[486,71741,71743],{"id":71742},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71745,71746,71747,71749],{},"Python raises ",[18,71748,70828],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[49,71751,2219],{"id":2218},[29,71753,71754,71758,71763,71768,71773],{},[32,71755,71756],{},[196,71757,55800],{"href":55353},[32,71759,71760],{},[196,71761,71762],{"href":55358},"Python list remove() method",[32,71764,71765],{},[196,71766,71767],{"href":59246},"Python list index() method",[32,71769,71770],{},[196,71771,71772],{"href":257},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[32,71774,71775],{},[196,71776,69356],{"href":69355},[2259,71778,71779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":71781},[71782,71783,71784,71785,71786,71787,71788,71793,71799,71800,71806],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":69957,"depth":103,"text":69958},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":70267,"depth":103,"text":70268},{"id":70396,"depth":103,"text":70397},{"id":70667,"depth":103,"text":70668},{"id":70814,"depth":103,"text":70815,"children":71789},[71790,71791,71792],{"id":70818,"depth":129,"text":70819},{"id":70956,"depth":129,"text":70957},{"id":71139,"depth":129,"text":71140},{"id":71336,"depth":103,"text":71337,"children":71794},[71795,71797],{"id":71343,"depth":129,"text":71796},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71359,"depth":129,"text":71798},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":71801},[71802,71803,71804,71805],{"id":71707,"depth":129,"text":71708},{"id":71717,"depth":129,"text":71718},{"id":71731,"depth":129,"text":71732},{"id":71742,"depth":129,"text":71743},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69824,"description":71807},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71814,"title":71815,"body":71816,"description":73602,"extension":2300,"meta":73603,"navigation":132,"path":73604,"seo":73605,"stem":73606,"__hash__":73607},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71817,"toc":73584},[71818,71821,71826,71832,71834,71904,71910,71914,71919,71940,71943,72010,72012,72033,72041,72043,72062,72078,72080,72145,72147,72172,72174,72176,72241,72243,72268,72270,72284,72287,72340,72342,72363,72367,72375,72448,72450,72483,72489,72495,72586,72588,72613,72619,72708,72710,72734,72736,72740,72795,72797,72829,72832,72835,72929,72931,72964,72970,72976,72980,72987,73013,73017,73082,73084,73109,73113,73194,73196,73225,73230,73235,73241,73245,73252,73274,73278,73337,73339,73363,73372,73377,73379,73383,73412,73414,73489,73492,73506,73512,73514,73518,73521,73525,73530,73534,73543,73547,73555,73557,73581],[10,71819,71815],{"id":71820},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71822,2317,71823,71825],{},[18,71824,55361],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71827,71828,71829,71831],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1217,71830,2807],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[49,71833,52],{"id":51},[54,71835,71837],{"className":56,"code":71836,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71838,71839,71871,71889,71899],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71840,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71842,342],{"class":69},[63,71844,74],{"class":73},[63,71846,1091],{"class":81},[63,71848,117],{"class":116},[63,71850,408],{"class":120},[63,71852,117],{"class":116},[63,71854,89],{"class":81},[63,71856,824],{"class":116},[63,71858,427],{"class":120},[63,71860,117],{"class":116},[63,71862,89],{"class":81},[63,71864,824],{"class":116},[63,71866,33513],{"class":120},[63,71868,117],{"class":116},[63,71870,186],{"class":81},[63,71872,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71874,357],{"class":69},[63,71876,259],{"class":81},[63,71878,35088],{"class":145},[63,71880,113],{"class":81},[63,71882,117],{"class":116},[63,71884,427],{"class":120},[63,71886,117],{"class":116},[63,71888,126],{"class":81},[63,71890,71891,71893,71895,71897],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71892,140],{"class":139},[63,71894,113],{"class":81},[63,71896,357],{"class":145},[63,71898,126],{"class":81},[63,71900,71901],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71902,71903],{"class":1910},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71905,222,71906,71909],{},[18,71907,71908],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[49,71911,71913],{"id":71912},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71915,71916,71918],{},[18,71917,55814],{}," is a list method that:",[29,71920,71921,71927,71932,71937],{},[32,71922,71923,71924,71926],{},"Deletes the ",[1217,71925,30200],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[32,71928,71929,71930],{},"Changes the original list ",[1217,71931,11641],{},[32,71933,13011,71934,71936],{},[1217,71935,4961],{}," return a new list",[32,71938,71939],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71941,71942],{},"This is important for beginners:",[54,71944,71946],{"className":56,"code":71945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71947,71948,71968,71986,71990,72000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,71949,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,71951,70],{"class":69},[63,71953,74],{"class":73},[63,71955,1091],{"class":81},[63,71957,86],{"class":85},[63,71959,89],{"class":81},[63,71961,92],{"class":85},[63,71963,89],{"class":81},[63,71965,97],{"class":85},[63,71967,186],{"class":81},[63,71969,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,71971,851],{"class":69},[63,71973,74],{"class":73},[63,71975,4595],{"class":69},[63,71977,259],{"class":81},[63,71979,35088],{"class":145},[63,71981,113],{"class":81},[63,71983,2394],{"class":85},[63,71985,126],{"class":81},[63,71987,71988],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,71989,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,71991,71992,71994,71996,71998],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,71993,140],{"class":139},[63,71995,113],{"class":81},[63,71997,146],{"class":145},[63,71999,126],{"class":81},[63,72001,72002,72004,72006,72008],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,72003,140],{"class":139},[63,72005,113],{"class":81},[63,72007,875],{"class":145},[63,72009,126],{"class":81},[14,72011,163],{},[54,72013,72015],{"className":56,"code":72014,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,72016,72017,72029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72018,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72020,173],{"class":81},[63,72022,86],{"class":85},[63,72024,89],{"class":81},[63,72026,97],{"class":85},[63,72028,186],{"class":81},[63,72030,72031],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72032,12117],{"class":1205},[14,72034,72035,72036,72038,72039,259],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,72037,55814],{}," itself returned ",[18,72040,4115],{},[49,72042,5753],{"id":5752},[54,72044,72046],{"className":56,"code":72045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,72047,72048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72049,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72051,276],{"class":77},[63,72053,259],{"class":81},[63,72055,35088],{"class":145},[63,72057,113],{"class":81},[63,72059,2807],{"class":145},[63,72061,126],{"class":81},[29,72063,72064,72069,72072],{},[32,72065,72066,72068],{},[18,72067,2807],{}," is the item you want to delete",[32,72070,72071],{},"Python searches from left to right",[32,72073,72074,72075,72077],{},"Only the ",[1217,72076,30200],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72079,2543],{},[54,72081,72083],{"className":56,"code":72082,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,72084,72085,72117,72135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72086,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72088,106],{"class":69},[63,72090,74],{"class":73},[63,72092,1091],{"class":81},[63,72094,117],{"class":116},[63,72096,196],{"class":120},[63,72098,117],{"class":116},[63,72100,89],{"class":81},[63,72102,824],{"class":116},[63,72104,206],{"class":120},[63,72106,117],{"class":116},[63,72108,89],{"class":81},[63,72110,824],{"class":116},[63,72112,215],{"class":120},[63,72114,117],{"class":116},[63,72116,186],{"class":81},[63,72118,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72120,158],{"class":69},[63,72122,259],{"class":81},[63,72124,35088],{"class":145},[63,72126,113],{"class":81},[63,72128,117],{"class":116},[63,72130,206],{"class":120},[63,72132,117],{"class":116},[63,72134,126],{"class":81},[63,72136,72137,72139,72141,72143],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72138,140],{"class":139},[63,72140,113],{"class":81},[63,72142,158],{"class":145},[63,72144,126],{"class":81},[14,72146,163],{},[54,72148,72150],{"className":56,"code":72149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,72151,72152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72153,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72155,173],{"class":81},[63,72157,193],{"class":116},[63,72159,196],{"class":120},[63,72161,193],{"class":116},[63,72163,89],{"class":81},[63,72165,203],{"class":116},[63,72167,215],{"class":120},[63,72169,193],{"class":116},[63,72171,186],{"class":81},[49,72173,6106],{"id":6105},[14,72175,65271],{},[54,72177,72179],{"className":56,"code":72178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,72180,72181,72213,72231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72182,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72184,13381],{"class":69},[63,72186,74],{"class":73},[63,72188,1091],{"class":81},[63,72190,117],{"class":116},[63,72192,13398],{"class":120},[63,72194,117],{"class":116},[63,72196,89],{"class":81},[63,72198,824],{"class":116},[63,72200,13415],{"class":120},[63,72202,117],{"class":116},[63,72204,89],{"class":81},[63,72206,824],{"class":116},[63,72208,17752],{"class":120},[63,72210,117],{"class":116},[63,72212,186],{"class":81},[63,72214,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72216,17799],{"class":69},[63,72218,259],{"class":81},[63,72220,35088],{"class":145},[63,72222,113],{"class":81},[63,72224,117],{"class":116},[63,72226,13415],{"class":120},[63,72228,117],{"class":116},[63,72230,126],{"class":81},[63,72232,72233,72235,72237,72239],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72234,140],{"class":139},[63,72236,113],{"class":81},[63,72238,17799],{"class":145},[63,72240,126],{"class":81},[14,72242,163],{},[54,72244,72246],{"className":56,"code":72245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,72247,72248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72249,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72251,173],{"class":81},[63,72253,193],{"class":116},[63,72255,13398],{"class":120},[63,72257,193],{"class":116},[63,72259,89],{"class":81},[63,72261,203],{"class":116},[63,72263,17752],{"class":120},[63,72265,193],{"class":116},[63,72267,186],{"class":81},[14,72269,11992],{},[29,72271,72272,72275,72281],{},[32,72273,72274],{},"A list is created with three values",[32,72276,72277,72280],{},[18,72278,72279],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[32,72282,72283],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72285,72286],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[54,72288,72290],{"className":56,"code":72289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,72291,72292,72316,72330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72293,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72295,1781],{"class":69},[63,72297,74],{"class":73},[63,72299,1091],{"class":81},[63,72301,741],{"class":85},[63,72303,89],{"class":81},[63,72305,746],{"class":85},[63,72307,89],{"class":81},[63,72309,751],{"class":85},[63,72311,89],{"class":81},[63,72313,51136],{"class":85},[63,72315,186],{"class":81},[63,72317,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72319,16686],{"class":69},[63,72321,259],{"class":81},[63,72323,35088],{"class":145},[63,72325,113],{"class":81},[63,72327,37132],{"class":85},[63,72329,126],{"class":81},[63,72331,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72333,140],{"class":139},[63,72335,113],{"class":81},[63,72337,16686],{"class":145},[63,72339,126],{"class":81},[14,72341,163],{},[54,72343,72345],{"className":56,"code":72344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,72346,72347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72348,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72350,173],{"class":81},[63,72352,741],{"class":85},[63,72354,89],{"class":81},[63,72356,746],{"class":85},[63,72358,89],{"class":81},[63,72360,51136],{"class":85},[63,72362,186],{"class":81},[49,72364,72366],{"id":72365},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72368,65261,72369,72371,72372,72374],{},[18,72370,55814],{}," deletes only the ",[1217,72373,30200],{}," one.",[54,72376,72378],{"className":56,"code":72377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72379,72380,72420,72438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72381,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72383,342],{"class":69},[63,72385,74],{"class":73},[63,72387,1091],{"class":81},[63,72389,117],{"class":116},[63,72391,408],{"class":120},[63,72393,117],{"class":116},[63,72395,89],{"class":81},[63,72397,824],{"class":116},[63,72399,427],{"class":120},[63,72401,117],{"class":116},[63,72403,89],{"class":81},[63,72405,824],{"class":116},[63,72407,408],{"class":120},[63,72409,117],{"class":116},[63,72411,89],{"class":81},[63,72413,824],{"class":116},[63,72415,33513],{"class":120},[63,72417,117],{"class":116},[63,72419,186],{"class":81},[63,72421,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72423,357],{"class":69},[63,72425,259],{"class":81},[63,72427,35088],{"class":145},[63,72429,113],{"class":81},[63,72431,117],{"class":116},[63,72433,408],{"class":120},[63,72435,117],{"class":116},[63,72437,126],{"class":81},[63,72439,72440,72442,72444,72446],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72441,140],{"class":139},[63,72443,113],{"class":81},[63,72445,357],{"class":145},[63,72447,126],{"class":81},[14,72449,163],{},[54,72451,72453],{"className":56,"code":72452,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72454,72455],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72456,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72458,173],{"class":81},[63,72460,193],{"class":116},[63,72462,427],{"class":120},[63,72464,193],{"class":116},[63,72466,89],{"class":81},[63,72468,203],{"class":116},[63,72470,408],{"class":120},[63,72472,193],{"class":116},[63,72474,89],{"class":81},[63,72476,203],{"class":116},[63,72478,33513],{"class":120},[63,72480,193],{"class":116},[63,72482,186],{"class":81},[14,72484,72485,72486,72488],{},"Only the first ",[18,72487,58114],{}," was removed.",[14,72490,72491,72492,72494],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,72493,55814],{}," again:",[54,72496,72498],{"className":56,"code":72497,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72499,72500,72540,72558,72576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72501,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72503,342],{"class":69},[63,72505,74],{"class":73},[63,72507,1091],{"class":81},[63,72509,117],{"class":116},[63,72511,408],{"class":120},[63,72513,117],{"class":116},[63,72515,89],{"class":81},[63,72517,824],{"class":116},[63,72519,427],{"class":120},[63,72521,117],{"class":116},[63,72523,89],{"class":81},[63,72525,824],{"class":116},[63,72527,408],{"class":120},[63,72529,117],{"class":116},[63,72531,89],{"class":81},[63,72533,824],{"class":116},[63,72535,33513],{"class":120},[63,72537,117],{"class":116},[63,72539,186],{"class":81},[63,72541,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72543,357],{"class":69},[63,72545,259],{"class":81},[63,72547,35088],{"class":145},[63,72549,113],{"class":81},[63,72551,117],{"class":116},[63,72553,408],{"class":120},[63,72555,117],{"class":116},[63,72557,126],{"class":81},[63,72559,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72561,357],{"class":69},[63,72563,259],{"class":81},[63,72565,35088],{"class":145},[63,72567,113],{"class":81},[63,72569,117],{"class":116},[63,72571,408],{"class":120},[63,72573,117],{"class":116},[63,72575,126],{"class":81},[63,72577,72578,72580,72582,72584],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,72579,140],{"class":139},[63,72581,113],{"class":81},[63,72583,357],{"class":145},[63,72585,126],{"class":81},[14,72587,163],{},[54,72589,72591],{"className":56,"code":72590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72592,72593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72596,173],{"class":81},[63,72598,193],{"class":116},[63,72600,427],{"class":120},[63,72602,193],{"class":116},[63,72604,89],{"class":81},[63,72606,203],{"class":116},[63,72608,33513],{"class":120},[63,72610,193],{"class":116},[63,72612,186],{"class":81},[14,72614,72615,72616,72618],{},"If you need to remove ",[1217,72617,4053],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[54,72620,72622],{"className":56,"code":72621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72623,72624,72664,72698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72625,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72627,342],{"class":69},[63,72629,74],{"class":73},[63,72631,1091],{"class":81},[63,72633,117],{"class":116},[63,72635,408],{"class":120},[63,72637,117],{"class":116},[63,72639,89],{"class":81},[63,72641,824],{"class":116},[63,72643,427],{"class":120},[63,72645,117],{"class":116},[63,72647,89],{"class":81},[63,72649,824],{"class":116},[63,72651,408],{"class":120},[63,72653,117],{"class":116},[63,72655,89],{"class":81},[63,72657,824],{"class":116},[63,72659,33513],{"class":120},[63,72661,117],{"class":116},[63,72663,186],{"class":81},[63,72665,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72683,72685,72687,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72667,342],{"class":69},[63,72669,74],{"class":73},[63,72671,1091],{"class":81},[63,72673,28829],{"class":69},[63,72675,6277],{"class":1155},[63,72677,6280],{"class":69},[63,72679,4217],{"class":1155},[63,72681,72682],{"class":69}," items ",[63,72684,7318],{"class":1155},[63,72686,6280],{"class":69},[63,72688,72689],{"class":73},"!=",[63,72691,824],{"class":116},[63,72693,408],{"class":120},[63,72695,117],{"class":116},[63,72697,186],{"class":81},[63,72699,72700,72702,72704,72706],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72701,140],{"class":139},[63,72703,113],{"class":81},[63,72705,357],{"class":145},[63,72707,126],{"class":81},[14,72709,163],{},[54,72711,72712],{"className":56,"code":72590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,72713,72714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72715,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72717,173],{"class":81},[63,72719,193],{"class":116},[63,72721,427],{"class":120},[63,72723,193],{"class":116},[63,72725,89],{"class":81},[63,72727,203],{"class":116},[63,72729,33513],{"class":120},[63,72731,193],{"class":116},[63,72733,186],{"class":81},[49,72735,65727],{"id":65726},[14,72737,65730,72738,259],{},[18,72739,40994],{},[54,72741,72743],{"className":56,"code":72742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72744,72745,72777],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72746,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72748,342],{"class":69},[63,72750,74],{"class":73},[63,72752,1091],{"class":81},[63,72754,117],{"class":116},[63,72756,408],{"class":120},[63,72758,117],{"class":116},[63,72760,89],{"class":81},[63,72762,824],{"class":116},[63,72764,427],{"class":120},[63,72766,117],{"class":116},[63,72768,89],{"class":81},[63,72770,824],{"class":116},[63,72772,33513],{"class":120},[63,72774,117],{"class":116},[63,72776,186],{"class":81},[63,72778,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72780,357],{"class":69},[63,72782,259],{"class":81},[63,72784,35088],{"class":145},[63,72786,113],{"class":81},[63,72788,117],{"class":116},[63,72790,22826],{"class":120},[63,72792,117],{"class":116},[63,72794,126],{"class":81},[14,72796,163],{},[54,72798,72800],{"className":56,"code":72799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72801,72802],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72803,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72805,40994],{"class":77},[63,72807,821],{"class":81},[63,72809,78],{"class":77},[63,72811,259],{"class":81},[63,72813,35088],{"class":145},[63,72815,113],{"class":81},[63,72817,2509],{"class":145},[63,72819,16749],{"class":81},[63,72821,4214],{"class":69},[63,72823,4961],{"class":73},[63,72825,21468],{"class":73},[63,72827,72828],{"class":77}," list\n",[14,72830,72831],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72833,72834],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[54,72836,72838],{"className":56,"code":72837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72839,72840,72872,72884,72888,72900,72915,72919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72841,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72843,342],{"class":69},[63,72845,74],{"class":73},[63,72847,1091],{"class":81},[63,72849,117],{"class":116},[63,72851,408],{"class":120},[63,72853,117],{"class":116},[63,72855,89],{"class":81},[63,72857,824],{"class":116},[63,72859,427],{"class":120},[63,72861,117],{"class":116},[63,72863,89],{"class":81},[63,72865,824],{"class":116},[63,72867,33513],{"class":120},[63,72869,117],{"class":116},[63,72871,186],{"class":81},[63,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,72875,2782],{"class":69},[63,72877,74],{"class":73},[63,72879,824],{"class":116},[63,72881,22826],{"class":120},[63,72883,3694],{"class":116},[63,72885,72886],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,72887,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,72889,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,72891,7318],{"class":1155},[63,72893,21879],{"class":69},[63,72895,4217],{"class":73},[63,72897,6285],{"class":69},[63,72899,6713],{"class":81},[63,72901,72902,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,72903,72904],{"class":69},"    items",[63,72906,259],{"class":81},[63,72908,35088],{"class":145},[63,72910,113],{"class":81},[63,72912,2807],{"class":145},[63,72914,126],{"class":81},[63,72916,72917],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,72918,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,72920,72921,72923,72925,72927],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,72922,140],{"class":139},[63,72924,113],{"class":81},[63,72926,357],{"class":145},[63,72928,126],{"class":81},[14,72930,163],{},[54,72932,72934],{"className":56,"code":72933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72935,72936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,72937,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,72939,173],{"class":81},[63,72941,193],{"class":116},[63,72943,408],{"class":120},[63,72945,193],{"class":116},[63,72947,89],{"class":81},[63,72949,203],{"class":116},[63,72951,427],{"class":120},[63,72953,193],{"class":116},[63,72955,89],{"class":81},[63,72957,203],{"class":116},[63,72959,33513],{"class":120},[63,72961,193],{"class":116},[63,72963,186],{"class":81},[14,72965,72966,72967,72969],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72968,55814],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72971,72972,72973,259],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[196,72974,65936],{"href":72975},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[49,72977,72979],{"id":72978},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72981,72982,4726,72984,72986],{},[18,72983,55814],{},[18,72985,13070],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[29,72988,72989,72996,73002,73008],{},[32,72990,72991,72993,72994],{},[18,72992,55814],{}," deletes by ",[1217,72995,2807],{},[32,72997,72998,72993,73000],{},[18,72999,13070],{},[1217,73001,36141],{},[32,73003,73004,2732,73006],{},[18,73005,55814],{},[18,73007,4115],{},[32,73009,73010,73012],{},[18,73011,13070],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73014,1743,73015,821],{},[18,73016,55814],{},[54,73018,73020],{"className":56,"code":73019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,73021,73022,73054,73072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73023,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73025,342],{"class":69},[63,73027,74],{"class":73},[63,73029,1091],{"class":81},[63,73031,117],{"class":116},[63,73033,408],{"class":120},[63,73035,117],{"class":116},[63,73037,89],{"class":81},[63,73039,824],{"class":116},[63,73041,427],{"class":120},[63,73043,117],{"class":116},[63,73045,89],{"class":81},[63,73047,824],{"class":116},[63,73049,33513],{"class":120},[63,73051,117],{"class":116},[63,73053,186],{"class":81},[63,73055,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73057,357],{"class":69},[63,73059,259],{"class":81},[63,73061,35088],{"class":145},[63,73063,113],{"class":81},[63,73065,117],{"class":116},[63,73067,427],{"class":120},[63,73069,117],{"class":116},[63,73071,126],{"class":81},[63,73073,73074,73076,73078,73080],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73075,140],{"class":139},[63,73077,113],{"class":81},[63,73079,357],{"class":145},[63,73081,126],{"class":81},[14,73083,163],{},[54,73085,73087],{"className":56,"code":73086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,73088,73089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73090,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73092,173],{"class":81},[63,73094,193],{"class":116},[63,73096,408],{"class":120},[63,73098,193],{"class":116},[63,73100,89],{"class":81},[63,73102,203],{"class":116},[63,73104,33513],{"class":120},[63,73106,193],{"class":116},[63,73108,186],{"class":81},[14,73110,1743,73111,821],{},[18,73112,13070],{},[54,73114,73116],{"className":56,"code":73115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,73117,73118,73150,73169,73173,73183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73119,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73121,342],{"class":69},[63,73123,74],{"class":73},[63,73125,1091],{"class":81},[63,73127,117],{"class":116},[63,73129,408],{"class":120},[63,73131,117],{"class":116},[63,73133,89],{"class":81},[63,73135,824],{"class":116},[63,73137,427],{"class":120},[63,73139,117],{"class":116},[63,73141,89],{"class":81},[63,73143,824],{"class":116},[63,73145,33513],{"class":120},[63,73147,117],{"class":116},[63,73149,186],{"class":81},[63,73151,73152,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73153,73154],{"class":69},"removed_item ",[63,73156,74],{"class":73},[63,73158,6285],{"class":69},[63,73160,259],{"class":81},[63,73162,26532],{"class":145},[63,73164,113],{"class":81},[63,73166,86],{"class":85},[63,73168,126],{"class":81},[63,73170,73171],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73172,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,73174,73175,73177,73179,73181],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,73176,140],{"class":139},[63,73178,113],{"class":81},[63,73180,357],{"class":145},[63,73182,126],{"class":81},[63,73184,73185,73187,73189,73192],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,73186,140],{"class":139},[63,73188,113],{"class":81},[63,73190,73191],{"class":145},"removed_item",[63,73193,126],{"class":81},[14,73195,163],{},[54,73197,73199],{"className":56,"code":73198,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,73200,73201,73221],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73204,173],{"class":81},[63,73206,193],{"class":116},[63,73208,408],{"class":120},[63,73210,193],{"class":116},[63,73212,89],{"class":81},[63,73214,203],{"class":116},[63,73216,33513],{"class":120},[63,73218,193],{"class":116},[63,73220,186],{"class":81},[63,73222,73223],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73224,70503],{"class":69},[14,73226,222,73227,73229],{},[18,73228,55814],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73231,222,73232,73234],{},[18,73233,13070],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73236,73237,73238,259],{},"For more detail, see the ",[196,73239,73240],{"href":55365},"Python list pop() method",[49,73242,73244],{"id":73243},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73246,73247,4726,73249,73251],{},[18,73248,55814],{},[18,73250,27315],{}," are also different.",[29,73253,73254,73259,73264,73269],{},[32,73255,73256,73258],{},[18,73257,55814],{}," deletes by matching value",[32,73260,73261,73263],{},[18,73262,27315],{}," deletes by index or slice",[32,73265,222,73266,73268],{},[18,73267,27315],{}," when you know the position",[32,73270,222,73271,73273],{},[18,73272,55814],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73275,1743,73276,821],{},[18,73277,27315],{},[54,73279,73281],{"className":56,"code":73280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,73282,73283,73315,73327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73284,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73286,342],{"class":69},[63,73288,74],{"class":73},[63,73290,1091],{"class":81},[63,73292,117],{"class":116},[63,73294,408],{"class":120},[63,73296,117],{"class":116},[63,73298,89],{"class":81},[63,73300,824],{"class":116},[63,73302,427],{"class":120},[63,73304,117],{"class":116},[63,73306,89],{"class":81},[63,73308,824],{"class":116},[63,73310,33513],{"class":120},[63,73312,117],{"class":116},[63,73314,186],{"class":81},[63,73316,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73318,27315],{"class":1155},[63,73320,6285],{"class":69},[63,73322,173],{"class":81},[63,73324,86],{"class":85},[63,73326,186],{"class":81},[63,73328,73329,73331,73333,73335],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73330,140],{"class":139},[63,73332,113],{"class":81},[63,73334,357],{"class":145},[63,73336,126],{"class":81},[14,73338,163],{},[54,73340,73341],{"className":56,"code":73086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,73342,73343],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73344,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73346,173],{"class":81},[63,73348,193],{"class":116},[63,73350,408],{"class":120},[63,73352,193],{"class":116},[63,73354,89],{"class":81},[63,73356,203],{"class":116},[63,73358,33513],{"class":120},[63,73360,193],{"class":116},[63,73362,186],{"class":81},[14,73364,73365,73366,73368,73369,73371],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,73367,86],{},", not the value ",[18,73370,65371],{}," directly.",[14,73373,73374,73375,259],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[196,73376,55354],{"href":55353},[49,73378,3167],{"id":3166},[14,73380,21506,73381,821],{},[18,73382,55814],{},[29,73384,73385,73388,73393,73400,73409],{},[32,73386,73387],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[32,73389,8769,73390,73392],{},[18,73391,55814],{}," to delete all matching values",[32,73394,12901,73395,73397,73398],{},[18,73396,55814],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,73399,4115],{},[32,73401,8733,73402,44921,73404,1725,73406,73408],{},[18,73403,55814],{},[18,73405,13070],{},[18,73407,27315],{}," would be a better fit",[32,73410,73411],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73413,71603],{},[54,73415,73417],{"className":56,"code":73416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,73418,73419,73429,73443,73461,73475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73420,73421,73423,73425,73427],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73422,140],{"class":139},[63,73424,113],{"class":81},[63,73426,8654],{"class":145},[63,73428,126],{"class":81},[63,73430,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73432,140],{"class":139},[63,73434,113],{"class":81},[63,73436,2782],{"class":145},[63,73438,4217],{"class":1155},[63,73440,8711],{"class":145},[63,73442,126],{"class":81},[63,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73446,140],{"class":139},[63,73448,113],{"class":81},[63,73450,8654],{"class":145},[63,73452,259],{"class":81},[63,73454,41550],{"class":145},[63,73456,113],{"class":81},[63,73458,2807],{"class":145},[63,73460,100],{"class":81},[63,73462,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,73464,140],{"class":139},[63,73466,113],{"class":81},[63,73468,3557],{"class":77},[63,73470,113],{"class":81},[63,73472,8654],{"class":145},[63,73474,100],{"class":81},[63,73476,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,73478,32444],{"class":139},[63,73480,113],{"class":81},[63,73482,276],{"class":77},[63,73484,259],{"class":81},[63,73486,35088],{"class":25042},[63,73488,126],{"class":81},[14,73490,73491],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[29,73493,73494,73497,73500,73503],{},[32,73495,73496],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[32,73498,73499],{},"How many times does it appear?",[32,73501,73502],{},"Am I working with a list?",[32,73504,73505],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73507,73508,73509,73511],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[196,73510,71767],{"href":59246}," may also help.",[49,73513,2165],{"id":2164},[486,73515,73517],{"id":73516},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73519,73520],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[486,73522,73524],{"id":73523},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73526,5475,73527,73529],{},[18,73528,4115],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[486,73531,73533],{"id":73532},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73535,73536,73537,73540,73541,259],{},"Check with ",[18,73538,73539],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,73542,55814],{},[486,73544,73546],{"id":73545},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73548,222,73549,73551,73552,73554],{},[18,73550,55814],{}," for a value and ",[18,73553,13070],{}," for an index.",[49,73556,2219],{"id":2218},[29,73558,73559,73563,73567,73571,73575],{},[32,73560,73561],{},[196,73562,55800],{"href":55353},[32,73564,73565],{},[196,73566,73240],{"href":55365},[32,73568,73569],{},[196,73570,71767],{"href":59246},[32,73572,73573],{},[196,73574,65936],{"href":72975},[32,73576,73577],{},[196,73578,73580],{"href":73579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2259,73582,73583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":73585},[73586,73587,73588,73589,73590,73591,73592,73593,73594,73595,73601],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":71912,"depth":103,"text":71913},{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753},{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":72365,"depth":103,"text":72366},{"id":65726,"depth":103,"text":65727},{"id":72978,"depth":103,"text":72979},{"id":73243,"depth":103,"text":73244},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":73596},[73597,73598,73599,73600],{"id":73516,"depth":129,"text":73517},{"id":73523,"depth":129,"text":73524},{"id":73532,"depth":129,"text":73533},{"id":73545,"depth":129,"text":73546},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71815,"description":73602},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73609,"title":73610,"body":73611,"description":75502,"extension":2300,"meta":75503,"navigation":132,"path":75504,"seo":75505,"stem":75506,"__hash__":75507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73612,"toc":75472},[73613,73619,73625,73628,73639,73641,73690,73695,73700,73704,73719,73721,73786,73788,73829,73831,73833,73848,73850,73861,73863,73920,73922,73955,73957,73960,74009,74011,74036,74038,74054,74060,74067,74128,74130,74163,74168,74171,74251,74253,74314,74320,74324,74327,74391,74393,74418,74420,74440,74442,74491,74493,74514,74523,74526,74530,74535,74580,74582,74603,74609,74614,74622,74686,74688,74725,74731,74735,74742,74807,74809,74846,74850,74867,74877,74882,74887,74898,74905,74907,74913,74936,74939,74966,74971,74974,75075,75077,75132,75135,75242,75244,75315,75318,75344,75346,75351,75355,75363,75368,75373,75379,75384,75388,75391,75408,75411,75431,75439,75441,75469],[10,73614,54628,73616,11629],{"id":73615},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73617,73618],{},"reverse()",[14,73620,73621,73624],{},[18,73622,73623],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73626,73627],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73629,73630,73631,73633,73634,73638],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73632,73618],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[196,73635,73637],{"href":73636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[49,73640,3946],{"id":3945},[54,73642,73644],{"className":56,"code":73643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73645,73646,73666,73677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73647,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73649,70],{"class":69},[63,73651,74],{"class":73},[63,73653,1091],{"class":81},[63,73655,86],{"class":85},[63,73657,89],{"class":81},[63,73659,92],{"class":85},[63,73661,89],{"class":81},[63,73663,97],{"class":85},[63,73665,186],{"class":81},[63,73667,73668,73670,73672,73675],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73669,146],{"class":69},[63,73671,259],{"class":81},[63,73673,73674],{"class":145},"reverse",[63,73676,279],{"class":81},[63,73678,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73680,140],{"class":139},[63,73682,113],{"class":81},[63,73684,146],{"class":145},[63,73686,3997],{"class":81},[63,73688,73689],{"class":1910},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73691,73692,73694],{},[18,73693,73618],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[49,73696,4014,73698,4017],{"id":73697},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73699,73623],{},[14,73701,73702,821],{},[18,73703,73623],{},[29,73705,73706,73709,73712,73716],{},[32,73707,73708],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[32,73710,73711],{},"Changes the original list directly",[32,73713,11731,73714],{},[18,73715,4115],{},[32,73717,73718],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73720,2543],{},[54,73722,73724],{"className":56,"code":73723,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73725,73726,73766,73776],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73727,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73729,106],{"class":69},[63,73731,74],{"class":73},[63,73733,1091],{"class":81},[63,73735,117],{"class":116},[63,73737,196],{"class":120},[63,73739,117],{"class":116},[63,73741,89],{"class":81},[63,73743,824],{"class":116},[63,73745,206],{"class":120},[63,73747,117],{"class":116},[63,73749,89],{"class":81},[63,73751,824],{"class":116},[63,73753,215],{"class":120},[63,73755,117],{"class":116},[63,73757,89],{"class":81},[63,73759,824],{"class":116},[63,73761,19063],{"class":120},[63,73763,117],{"class":116},[63,73765,186],{"class":81},[63,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73769,158],{"class":69},[63,73771,259],{"class":81},[63,73773,73674],{"class":145},[63,73775,279],{"class":81},[63,73777,73778,73780,73782,73784],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73779,140],{"class":139},[63,73781,113],{"class":81},[63,73783,158],{"class":145},[63,73785,126],{"class":81},[14,73787,163],{},[54,73789,73791],{"className":56,"code":73790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73792,73793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73794,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73796,173],{"class":81},[63,73798,193],{"class":116},[63,73800,19063],{"class":120},[63,73802,193],{"class":116},[63,73804,89],{"class":81},[63,73806,203],{"class":116},[63,73808,215],{"class":120},[63,73810,193],{"class":116},[63,73812,89],{"class":81},[63,73814,203],{"class":116},[63,73816,206],{"class":120},[63,73818,193],{"class":116},[63,73820,89],{"class":81},[63,73822,203],{"class":116},[63,73824,196],{"class":120},[63,73826,193],{"class":116},[63,73828,186],{"class":81},[49,73830,263],{"id":262},[14,73832,2495],{},[54,73834,73836],{"className":56,"code":73835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73837,73838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73839,73840,73842,73844,73846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73841,8654],{"class":69},[63,73843,259],{"class":81},[63,73845,73674],{"class":145},[63,73847,279],{"class":81},[14,73849,13357],{},[29,73851,73852,73855,73858],{},[32,73853,73854],{},"No arguments are needed",[32,73856,73857],{},"You call it on an existing list",[32,73859,73860],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73862,2543],{},[54,73864,73866],{"className":56,"code":73865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73867,73868,73900,73910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73869,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73871,13381],{"class":69},[63,73873,74],{"class":73},[63,73875,1091],{"class":81},[63,73877,117],{"class":116},[63,73879,13398],{"class":120},[63,73881,117],{"class":116},[63,73883,89],{"class":81},[63,73885,824],{"class":116},[63,73887,17752],{"class":120},[63,73889,117],{"class":116},[63,73891,89],{"class":81},[63,73893,824],{"class":116},[63,73895,13415],{"class":120},[63,73897,117],{"class":116},[63,73899,186],{"class":81},[63,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73903,17799],{"class":69},[63,73905,259],{"class":81},[63,73907,73674],{"class":145},[63,73909,279],{"class":81},[63,73911,73912,73914,73916,73918],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,73913,140],{"class":139},[63,73915,113],{"class":81},[63,73917,17799],{"class":145},[63,73919,126],{"class":81},[14,73921,163],{},[54,73923,73925],{"className":56,"code":73924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73926,73927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73930,173],{"class":81},[63,73932,193],{"class":116},[63,73934,13415],{"class":120},[63,73936,193],{"class":116},[63,73938,89],{"class":81},[63,73940,203],{"class":116},[63,73942,17752],{"class":120},[63,73944,193],{"class":116},[63,73946,89],{"class":81},[63,73948,203],{"class":116},[63,73950,13398],{"class":120},[63,73952,193],{"class":116},[63,73954,186],{"class":81},[49,73956,11783],{"id":11782},[14,73958,73959],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[54,73961,73963],{"className":56,"code":73962,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73964,73965,73989,73999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,73966,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,73968,70],{"class":69},[63,73970,74],{"class":73},[63,73972,1091],{"class":81},[63,73974,741],{"class":85},[63,73976,89],{"class":81},[63,73978,746],{"class":85},[63,73980,89],{"class":81},[63,73982,751],{"class":85},[63,73984,89],{"class":81},[63,73986,51136],{"class":85},[63,73988,186],{"class":81},[63,73990,73991,73993,73995,73997],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,73992,146],{"class":69},[63,73994,259],{"class":81},[63,73996,73674],{"class":145},[63,73998,279],{"class":81},[63,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74002,140],{"class":139},[63,74004,113],{"class":81},[63,74006,146],{"class":145},[63,74008,126],{"class":81},[14,74010,163],{},[54,74012,74014],{"className":56,"code":74013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,74015,74016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74017,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74019,173],{"class":81},[63,74021,56974],{"class":85},[63,74023,89],{"class":81},[63,74025,751],{"class":85},[63,74027,89],{"class":81},[63,74029,746],{"class":85},[63,74031,89],{"class":81},[63,74033,6324],{"class":85},[63,74035,186],{"class":81},[14,74037,11992],{},[29,74039,74040,74046,74051],{},[32,74041,74042,74043],{},"The list starts as ",[18,74044,74045],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[32,74047,74048,74050],{},[18,74049,73618],{}," flips the order",[32,74052,74053],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[49,74055,74057,74059],{"id":74056},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,74058,73618],{}," changes the original list",[14,74061,74062,74063,74066],{},"This method is ",[1217,74064,74065],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[54,74068,74070],{"className":56,"code":74069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,74071,74072,74104,74114,74118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74073,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74075,36529],{"class":69},[63,74077,74],{"class":73},[63,74079,1091],{"class":81},[63,74081,117],{"class":116},[63,74083,408],{"class":120},[63,74085,117],{"class":116},[63,74087,89],{"class":81},[63,74089,824],{"class":116},[63,74091,427],{"class":120},[63,74093,117],{"class":116},[63,74095,89],{"class":81},[63,74097,824],{"class":116},[63,74099,4428],{"class":120},[63,74101,117],{"class":116},[63,74103,186],{"class":81},[63,74105,74106,74108,74110,74112],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74107,36581],{"class":69},[63,74109,259],{"class":81},[63,74111,73674],{"class":145},[63,74113,279],{"class":81},[63,74115,74116],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74117,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74119,74120,74122,74124,74126],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74121,140],{"class":139},[63,74123,113],{"class":81},[63,74125,36581],{"class":145},[63,74127,126],{"class":81},[14,74129,163],{},[54,74131,74133],{"className":56,"code":74132,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74134,74135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74136,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74138,173],{"class":81},[63,74140,193],{"class":116},[63,74142,4428],{"class":120},[63,74144,193],{"class":116},[63,74146,89],{"class":81},[63,74148,203],{"class":116},[63,74150,427],{"class":120},[63,74152,193],{"class":116},[63,74154,89],{"class":81},[63,74156,203],{"class":116},[63,74158,408],{"class":120},[63,74160,193],{"class":116},[63,74162,186],{"class":81},[14,74164,222,74165,74167],{},[18,74166,73618],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74169,74170],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[54,74172,74174],{"className":56,"code":74173,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,74175,74176,74208,74226,74230,74240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74177,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74179,36529],{"class":69},[63,74181,74],{"class":73},[63,74183,1091],{"class":81},[63,74185,117],{"class":116},[63,74187,408],{"class":120},[63,74189,117],{"class":116},[63,74191,89],{"class":81},[63,74193,824],{"class":116},[63,74195,427],{"class":120},[63,74197,117],{"class":116},[63,74199,89],{"class":81},[63,74201,824],{"class":116},[63,74203,4428],{"class":120},[63,74205,117],{"class":116},[63,74207,186],{"class":81},[63,74209,74210,74213,74215,74217,74220,74222,74224],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74211,74212],{"class":69},"reversed_fruits ",[63,74214,74],{"class":73},[63,74216,53141],{"class":69},[63,74218,74219],{"class":81},"[::",[63,74221,2359],{"class":73},[63,74223,86],{"class":85},[63,74225,186],{"class":81},[63,74227,74228],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74229,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74233,140],{"class":139},[63,74235,113],{"class":81},[63,74237,36581],{"class":145},[63,74239,126],{"class":81},[63,74241,74242,74244,74246,74249],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,74243,140],{"class":139},[63,74245,113],{"class":81},[63,74247,74248],{"class":145},"reversed_fruits",[63,74250,126],{"class":81},[14,74252,163],{},[54,74254,74256],{"className":56,"code":74255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,74257,74258,74286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74259,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282,74284],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74261,173],{"class":81},[63,74263,193],{"class":116},[63,74265,408],{"class":120},[63,74267,193],{"class":116},[63,74269,89],{"class":81},[63,74271,203],{"class":116},[63,74273,427],{"class":120},[63,74275,193],{"class":116},[63,74277,89],{"class":81},[63,74279,203],{"class":116},[63,74281,4428],{"class":120},[63,74283,193],{"class":116},[63,74285,186],{"class":81},[63,74287,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74289,173],{"class":81},[63,74291,193],{"class":116},[63,74293,4428],{"class":120},[63,74295,193],{"class":116},[63,74297,89],{"class":81},[63,74299,203],{"class":116},[63,74301,427],{"class":120},[63,74303,193],{"class":116},[63,74305,89],{"class":81},[63,74307,203],{"class":116},[63,74309,408],{"class":120},[63,74311,193],{"class":116},[63,74313,186],{"class":81},[14,74315,74316,74317,259],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[196,74318,74319],{"href":73636},"Python list slicing explained",[49,74321,74323],{"id":74322},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74325,74326],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[54,74328,74330],{"className":56,"code":74329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74331,74332,74352,74366,74370,74381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74333,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74335,70],{"class":69},[63,74337,74],{"class":73},[63,74339,1091],{"class":81},[63,74341,86],{"class":85},[63,74343,89],{"class":81},[63,74345,92],{"class":85},[63,74347,89],{"class":81},[63,74349,97],{"class":85},[63,74351,186],{"class":81},[63,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74355,56175],{"class":69},[63,74357,74],{"class":73},[63,74359,4595],{"class":69},[63,74361,259],{"class":81},[63,74363,73674],{"class":145},[63,74365,279],{"class":81},[63,74367,74368],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74369,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74371,74372,74374,74376,74379],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74373,140],{"class":139},[63,74375,113],{"class":81},[63,74377,74378],{"class":145},"new_list",[63,74380,126],{"class":81},[63,74382,74383,74385,74387,74389],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,74384,140],{"class":139},[63,74386,113],{"class":81},[63,74388,146],{"class":145},[63,74390,126],{"class":81},[14,74392,163],{},[54,74394,74396],{"className":56,"code":74395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74397,74398,74402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74399,74400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74401,12117],{"class":1205},[63,74403,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74405,173],{"class":81},[63,74407,1248],{"class":85},[63,74409,89],{"class":81},[63,74411,92],{"class":85},[63,74413,89],{"class":81},[63,74415,692],{"class":85},[63,74417,186],{"class":81},[14,74419,12209],{},[29,74421,74422,74430,74434],{},[32,74423,74424,74426,74427,74429],{},[18,74425,73618],{}," changes ",[18,74428,146],{}," directly",[32,74431,41196,74432,71936],{},[1217,74433,4961],{},[32,74435,53940,74436,42445,74438],{},[18,74437,74378],{},[18,74439,4115],{},[14,74441,62170],{},[54,74443,74445],{"className":56,"code":74444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74446,74447,74467,74477,74481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74448,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74450,70],{"class":69},[63,74452,74],{"class":73},[63,74454,1091],{"class":81},[63,74456,86],{"class":85},[63,74458,89],{"class":81},[63,74460,92],{"class":85},[63,74462,89],{"class":81},[63,74464,97],{"class":85},[63,74466,186],{"class":81},[63,74468,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74470,146],{"class":69},[63,74472,259],{"class":81},[63,74474,73674],{"class":145},[63,74476,279],{"class":81},[63,74478,74479],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74480,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74482,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74484,140],{"class":139},[63,74486,113],{"class":81},[63,74488,146],{"class":145},[63,74490,126],{"class":81},[14,74492,163],{},[54,74494,74496],{"className":56,"code":74495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,74497,74498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74499,74500,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74501,173],{"class":81},[63,74503,1248],{"class":85},[63,74505,89],{"class":81},[63,74507,92],{"class":85},[63,74509,89],{"class":81},[63,74511,692],{"class":85},[63,74513,186],{"class":81},[49,74515,74517,10891,74519,74522],{"id":74516},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,74518,73618],{},[18,74520,74521],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74524,74525],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[486,74527,74528],{"id":73674},[18,74529,73618],{},[14,74531,74532,74534],{},[18,74533,73618],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[54,74536,74538],{"className":56,"code":74537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,74539,74540,74560,74570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74541,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556,74558],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74543,70],{"class":69},[63,74545,74],{"class":73},[63,74547,1091],{"class":81},[63,74549,1248],{"class":85},[63,74551,89],{"class":81},[63,74553,692],{"class":85},[63,74555,89],{"class":81},[63,74557,92],{"class":85},[63,74559,186],{"class":81},[63,74561,74562,74564,74566,74568],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74563,146],{"class":69},[63,74565,259],{"class":81},[63,74567,73674],{"class":145},[63,74569,279],{"class":81},[63,74571,74572,74574,74576,74578],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74573,140],{"class":139},[63,74575,113],{"class":81},[63,74577,146],{"class":145},[63,74579,126],{"class":81},[14,74581,163],{},[54,74583,74585],{"className":56,"code":74584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74586,74587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74588,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74590,173],{"class":81},[63,74592,2394],{"class":85},[63,74594,89],{"class":81},[63,74596,692],{"class":85},[63,74598,89],{"class":81},[63,74600,97],{"class":85},[63,74602,186],{"class":81},[14,74604,74605,74606,74608],{},"Notice that this is ",[1217,74607,4961],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[486,74610,74612],{"id":74611},"sorted",[18,74613,74521],{},[14,74615,74616,74621],{},[196,74617,74619],{"href":74618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74620,74521],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[54,74623,74625],{"className":56,"code":74624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74626,74627,74647,74662,74666,74676],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74630,70],{"class":69},[63,74632,74],{"class":73},[63,74634,1091],{"class":81},[63,74636,1248],{"class":85},[63,74638,89],{"class":81},[63,74640,692],{"class":85},[63,74642,89],{"class":81},[63,74644,92],{"class":85},[63,74646,186],{"class":81},[63,74648,74649,74651,74653,74656,74658,74660],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74650,851],{"class":69},[63,74652,74],{"class":73},[63,74654,74655],{"class":139}," sorted",[63,74657,113],{"class":81},[63,74659,146],{"class":145},[63,74661,126],{"class":81},[63,74663,74664],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74665,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74669,140],{"class":139},[63,74671,113],{"class":81},[63,74673,146],{"class":145},[63,74675,126],{"class":81},[63,74677,74678,74680,74682,74684],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,74679,140],{"class":139},[63,74681,113],{"class":81},[63,74683,875],{"class":145},[63,74685,126],{"class":81},[14,74687,163],{},[54,74689,74691],{"className":56,"code":74690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74692,74693,74709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74694,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74696,173],{"class":81},[63,74698,1248],{"class":85},[63,74700,89],{"class":81},[63,74702,692],{"class":85},[63,74704,89],{"class":81},[63,74706,92],{"class":85},[63,74708,186],{"class":81},[63,74710,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74712,173],{"class":81},[63,74714,86],{"class":85},[63,74716,89],{"class":81},[63,74718,92],{"class":85},[63,74720,89],{"class":81},[63,74722,97],{"class":85},[63,74724,186],{"class":81},[14,74726,74727,74728,259],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74729,74730],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[486,74732,74734],{"id":74733},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74736,74737,74738,74741],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74739,74740],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[54,74743,74745],{"className":56,"code":74744,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74746,74747,74767,74783,74787,74797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74748,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74750,70],{"class":69},[63,74752,74],{"class":73},[63,74754,1091],{"class":81},[63,74756,1248],{"class":85},[63,74758,89],{"class":81},[63,74760,692],{"class":85},[63,74762,89],{"class":81},[63,74764,92],{"class":85},[63,74766,186],{"class":81},[63,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74770,851],{"class":69},[63,74772,74],{"class":73},[63,74774,4595],{"class":69},[63,74776,74219],{"class":81},[63,74778,2359],{"class":73},[63,74780,86],{"class":85},[63,74782,186],{"class":81},[63,74784,74785],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,74786,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,74788,74789,74791,74793,74795],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,74790,140],{"class":139},[63,74792,113],{"class":81},[63,74794,146],{"class":145},[63,74796,126],{"class":81},[63,74798,74799,74801,74803,74805],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,74800,140],{"class":139},[63,74802,113],{"class":81},[63,74804,875],{"class":145},[63,74806,126],{"class":81},[14,74808,163],{},[54,74810,74812],{"className":56,"code":74811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74813,74814,74830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74815,74816,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74817,173],{"class":81},[63,74819,1248],{"class":85},[63,74821,89],{"class":81},[63,74823,692],{"class":85},[63,74825,89],{"class":81},[63,74827,92],{"class":85},[63,74829,186],{"class":81},[63,74831,74832,74834,74836,74838,74840,74842,74844],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74833,173],{"class":81},[63,74835,2394],{"class":85},[63,74837,89],{"class":81},[63,74839,692],{"class":85},[63,74841,89],{"class":81},[63,74843,97],{"class":85},[63,74845,186],{"class":81},[486,74847,74849],{"id":74848},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[29,74851,74852,74857,74862],{},[32,74853,222,74854,74856],{},[18,74855,73618],{}," when you want to change the original list",[32,74858,222,74859,74861],{},[18,74860,74740],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[32,74863,222,74864,74866],{},[18,74865,74521],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74868,74869,74870,74876],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[196,74871,74873,74874,11046],{"href":74872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74875,1728],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[49,74878,5292,74880],{"id":74879},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74881,73618],{},[14,74883,74884,74886],{},[18,74885,73618],{}," is a good choice:",[29,74888,74889,74892,74895],{},[32,74890,74891],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[32,74893,74894],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[32,74896,74897],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74899,74900,74901,259],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[196,74902,74904],{"href":74903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[49,74906,3167],{"id":3166},[14,74908,74909,74910,74912],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74911,73618],{}," for these reasons:",[29,74914,74915,74919,74924,74929],{},[32,74916,12901,74917,12904],{},[18,74918,73618],{},[32,74920,8769,74921,74923],{},[18,74922,73618],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[32,74925,8733,74926,74928],{},[18,74927,73618],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[32,74930,37494,74931,9021,74933],{},[18,74932,73618],{},[18,74934,74935],{},"reversed()",[14,74937,74938],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[54,74940,74942],{"className":56,"code":74941,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74943,74944,74956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74945,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74947,34981],{"class":69},[63,74949,74],{"class":73},[63,74951,824],{"class":116},[63,74953,1995],{"class":120},[63,74955,3694],{"class":116},[63,74957,74958,74960,74962,74964],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,74959,35002],{"class":69},[63,74961,259],{"class":81},[63,74963,73674],{"class":145},[63,74965,279],{"class":81},[14,74967,74968,74969,33893],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74970,73618],{},[14,74972,74973],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[54,74975,74977],{"className":56,"code":74976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74978,74979,74999,75003,75013,75027,75031,75045,75055,75059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,74980,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,74982,8623],{"class":69},[63,74984,74],{"class":73},[63,74986,1091],{"class":81},[63,74988,86],{"class":85},[63,74990,89],{"class":81},[63,74992,92],{"class":85},[63,74994,89],{"class":81},[63,74996,97],{"class":85},[63,74998,186],{"class":81},[63,75000,75001],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75002,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75004,75005,75007,75009,75011],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75006,140],{"class":139},[63,75008,113],{"class":81},[63,75010,8654],{"class":145},[63,75012,126],{"class":81},[63,75014,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75016,140],{"class":139},[63,75018,113],{"class":81},[63,75020,3557],{"class":77},[63,75022,113],{"class":81},[63,75024,8654],{"class":145},[63,75026,100],{"class":81},[63,75028,75029],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,75030,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,75034,851],{"class":69},[63,75036,74],{"class":73},[63,75038,8711],{"class":69},[63,75040,259],{"class":81},[63,75042,73674],{"class":145},[63,75044,279],{"class":81},[63,75046,75047,75049,75051,75053],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,75048,140],{"class":139},[63,75050,113],{"class":81},[63,75052,875],{"class":145},[63,75054,126],{"class":81},[63,75056,75057],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,75058,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75060,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,75062,140],{"class":139},[63,75064,113],{"class":81},[63,75066,8654],{"class":145},[63,75068,74219],{"class":81},[63,75070,2359],{"class":73},[63,75072,86],{"class":85},[63,75074,2080],{"class":81},[14,75076,163],{},[54,75078,75080],{"className":56,"code":75079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,75081,75082,75098,75112,75116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75083,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75085,173],{"class":81},[63,75087,86],{"class":85},[63,75089,89],{"class":81},[63,75091,92],{"class":85},[63,75093,89],{"class":81},[63,75095,97],{"class":85},[63,75097,186],{"class":81},[63,75099,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75101,3626],{"class":73},[63,75103,3629],{"class":2402},[63,75105,203],{"class":116},[63,75107,276],{"class":120},[63,75109,193],{"class":116},[63,75111,3638],{"class":73},[63,75113,75114],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75115,12117],{"class":1205},[63,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75119,173],{"class":81},[63,75121,86],{"class":85},[63,75123,89],{"class":81},[63,75125,92],{"class":85},[63,75127,89],{"class":81},[63,75129,692],{"class":85},[63,75131,186],{"class":81},[14,75133,75134],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[54,75136,75138],{"className":56,"code":75137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,75139,75140,75160,75164,75174,75188,75192,75206,75216,75226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75141,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75143,8623],{"class":69},[63,75145,74],{"class":73},[63,75147,1091],{"class":81},[63,75149,86],{"class":85},[63,75151,89],{"class":81},[63,75153,92],{"class":85},[63,75155,89],{"class":81},[63,75157,97],{"class":85},[63,75159,186],{"class":81},[63,75161,75162],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75163,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75167,140],{"class":139},[63,75169,113],{"class":81},[63,75171,8654],{"class":145},[63,75173,126],{"class":81},[63,75175,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75177,140],{"class":139},[63,75179,113],{"class":81},[63,75181,3557],{"class":77},[63,75183,113],{"class":81},[63,75185,8654],{"class":145},[63,75187,100],{"class":81},[63,75189,75190],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,75191,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75193,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,75195,851],{"class":69},[63,75197,74],{"class":73},[63,75199,8711],{"class":69},[63,75201,259],{"class":81},[63,75203,73674],{"class":145},[63,75205,279],{"class":81},[63,75207,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,75209,140],{"class":139},[63,75211,113],{"class":81},[63,75213,875],{"class":145},[63,75215,126],{"class":81},[63,75217,75218,75220,75222,75224],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,75219,140],{"class":139},[63,75221,113],{"class":81},[63,75223,8654],{"class":145},[63,75225,126],{"class":81},[63,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,75229,140],{"class":139},[63,75231,113],{"class":81},[63,75233,8654],{"class":145},[63,75235,74219],{"class":81},[63,75237,2359],{"class":73},[63,75239,86],{"class":85},[63,75241,2080],{"class":81},[14,75243,163],{},[54,75245,75247],{"className":56,"code":75246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,75248,75249,75265,75279,75283,75299],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75250,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75252,173],{"class":81},[63,75254,86],{"class":85},[63,75256,89],{"class":81},[63,75258,92],{"class":85},[63,75260,89],{"class":81},[63,75262,97],{"class":85},[63,75264,186],{"class":81},[63,75266,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75268,3626],{"class":73},[63,75270,3629],{"class":2402},[63,75272,203],{"class":116},[63,75274,276],{"class":120},[63,75276,193],{"class":116},[63,75278,3638],{"class":73},[63,75280,75281],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75282,12117],{"class":1205},[63,75284,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75286,173],{"class":81},[63,75288,1248],{"class":85},[63,75290,89],{"class":81},[63,75292,92],{"class":85},[63,75294,89],{"class":81},[63,75296,692],{"class":85},[63,75298,186],{"class":81},[63,75300,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,75302,173],{"class":81},[63,75304,86],{"class":85},[63,75306,89],{"class":81},[63,75308,92],{"class":85},[63,75310,89],{"class":81},[63,75312,97],{"class":85},[63,75314,186],{"class":81},[14,75316,75317],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[29,75319,75320,75329,75338],{},[32,75321,28086,75322,75325,75326],{},[18,75323,75324],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,75327,75328],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[32,75330,12225,75331,75334,75335,78],{},[18,75332,75333],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1217,75336,75337],{},"current",[32,75339,75340,75341],{},"So it prints ",[18,75342,75343],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[49,75345,2165],{"id":2164},[486,75347,13011,75349,55754],{"id":75348},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,75350,73623],{},[14,75352,62875,75353,259],{},[18,75354,4115],{},[486,75356,34498,75358,34501,75360,2827],{"id":75357},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,75359,73618],{},[18,75361,75362],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75364,75365,75367],{},[18,75366,73618],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75369,75370,75372],{},[18,75371,75362],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[486,75374,28619,75376,75378],{"id":75375},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,75377,73618],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75380,46656,75381,75383],{},[18,75382,73618],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[486,75385,75387],{"id":75386},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75389,75390],{},"Use slicing:",[54,75392,75394],{"className":56,"code":75393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,75395,75396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75397,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75399,8654],{"class":69},[63,75401,74219],{"class":81},[63,75403,2359],{"class":73},[63,75405,86],{"class":85},[63,75407,186],{"class":81},[14,75409,75410],{},"Or use:",[54,75412,75414],{"className":56,"code":75413,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,75415,75416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75417,75418,75420,75422,75425,75427,75429],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75419,276],{"class":77},[63,75421,113],{"class":81},[63,75423,75424],{"class":139},"reversed",[63,75426,113],{"class":81},[63,75428,8654],{"class":145},[63,75430,100],{"class":81},[14,75432,75433,75434,75438],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[196,75435,55805,75436],{"href":55246},[18,75437,13084],{}," can also help.",[49,75440,2219],{"id":2218},[29,75442,75443,75449,75455,75459,75463],{},[32,75444,75445],{},[196,75446,55805,75447,11046],{"href":74872},[18,75448,1728],{},[32,75450,75451],{},[196,75452,3912,75453,3845],{"href":74618},[18,75454,74521],{},[32,75456,75457],{},[196,75458,74904],{"href":74903},[32,75460,75461],{},[196,75462,74319],{"href":73636},[32,75464,75465],{},[196,75466,55805,75467,11046],{"href":55246},[18,75468,13084],{},[2259,75470,75471],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":75473},[75474,75475,75477,75478,75479,75481,75482,75489,75491,75492,75501],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":73697,"depth":103,"text":75476},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":74056,"depth":103,"text":75480},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74322,"depth":103,"text":74323},{"id":74516,"depth":103,"text":75483,"children":75484},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75485,75486,75487,75488],{"id":73674,"depth":129,"text":73618},{"id":74611,"depth":129,"text":74521},{"id":74733,"depth":129,"text":74734},{"id":74848,"depth":129,"text":74849},{"id":74879,"depth":103,"text":75490},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":75493},[75494,75496,75498,75500],{"id":75348,"depth":129,"text":75495},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75357,"depth":129,"text":75497},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75375,"depth":129,"text":75499},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75386,"depth":129,"text":75387},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73610,"description":75502},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75509,"title":75510,"body":75511,"description":77944,"extension":2300,"meta":77945,"navigation":132,"path":77946,"seo":77947,"stem":77948,"__hash__":77949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75512,"toc":77912},[75513,75516,75528,75531,75554,75562,75564,75676,75685,75689,75692,75695,75782,75784,75817,75819,75842,75848,75852,75855,75877,75879,75896,75899,75919,75921,76031,76033,76110,76114,76117,76160,76162,76295,76297,76399,76404,76408,76411,76413,76427,76430,76544,76546,76620,76622,76650,76654,76659,76689,76692,76818,76820,76902,76908,76912,76914,76953,76962,76966,76969,76973,77020,77022,77030,77034,77085,77087,77100,77102,77116,77119,77127,77129,77176,77178,77186,77189,77232,77237,77240,77243,77266,77270,77321,77324,77345,77355,77359,77361,77391,77394,77417,77421,77424,77491,77493,77530,77533,77541,77608,77610,77647,77653,77660,77664,77667,77697,77702,77706,77709,77733,77736,77830,77840,77842,77846,77849,77853,77856,77861,77864,77870,77873,77875,77903,77909],[10,75514,75510],{"id":75515},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75517,75518,75519,2524,75521,17369,75524,75527],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,75520,36367],{},[18,75522,75523],{},"stop",[18,75525,75526],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75529,75530],{},"The basic slice form is:",[54,75532,75534],{"className":56,"code":75533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,75535,75536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75537,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75539,8654],{"class":69},[63,75541,173],{"class":81},[63,75543,36367],{"class":69},[63,75545,821],{"class":81},[63,75547,75523],{"class":69},[63,75549,821],{"class":81},[63,75551,75526],{"class":69},[63,75553,186],{"class":81},[14,75555,75556,75557,75559,75560,259],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,75558,75523],{}," position is ",[1217,75561,65166],{},[49,75563,52],{"id":51},[54,75565,75567],{"className":56,"code":75566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75568,75569,75597,75601,75622,75640,75657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75570,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75572,70],{"class":69},[63,75574,74],{"class":73},[63,75576,1091],{"class":81},[63,75578,741],{"class":85},[63,75580,89],{"class":81},[63,75582,746],{"class":85},[63,75584,89],{"class":81},[63,75586,751],{"class":85},[63,75588,89],{"class":81},[63,75590,51136],{"class":85},[63,75592,89],{"class":81},[63,75594,5409],{"class":85},[63,75596,186],{"class":81},[63,75598,75599],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75600,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75602,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75604,140],{"class":139},[63,75606,113],{"class":81},[63,75608,146],{"class":145},[63,75610,173],{"class":81},[63,75612,86],{"class":85},[63,75614,821],{"class":81},[63,75616,2840],{"class":85},[63,75618,20740],{"class":81},[63,75620,75621],{"class":1910},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[63,75623,75624,75626,75628,75630,75633,75635,75637],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75625,140],{"class":139},[63,75627,113],{"class":81},[63,75629,146],{"class":145},[63,75631,75632],{"class":81},"[:",[63,75634,1248],{"class":85},[63,75636,20740],{"class":81},[63,75638,75639],{"class":1910},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[63,75641,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,75643,140],{"class":139},[63,75645,113],{"class":81},[63,75647,146],{"class":145},[63,75649,74219],{"class":81},[63,75651,2394],{"class":85},[63,75653,20740],{"class":81},[63,75655,75656],{"class":1910},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[63,75658,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,75660,140],{"class":139},[63,75662,113],{"class":81},[63,75664,146],{"class":145},[63,75666,74219],{"class":81},[63,75668,2359],{"class":73},[63,75670,86],{"class":85},[63,75672,20740],{"class":81},[63,75674,75675],{"class":1910},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75677,222,75678,75681,75682,75684],{},[18,75679,75680],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75683,75523],{}," value is not included.",[49,75686,75688],{"id":75687},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75690,75691],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75693,75694],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[54,75696,75698],{"className":56,"code":75697,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75699,75700,75748,75752,75771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75701,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75703,106],{"class":69},[63,75705,74],{"class":73},[63,75707,1091],{"class":81},[63,75709,117],{"class":116},[63,75711,196],{"class":120},[63,75713,117],{"class":116},[63,75715,89],{"class":81},[63,75717,824],{"class":116},[63,75719,206],{"class":120},[63,75721,117],{"class":116},[63,75723,89],{"class":81},[63,75725,824],{"class":116},[63,75727,215],{"class":120},[63,75729,117],{"class":116},[63,75731,89],{"class":81},[63,75733,824],{"class":116},[63,75735,19063],{"class":120},[63,75737,117],{"class":116},[63,75739,89],{"class":81},[63,75741,824],{"class":116},[63,75743,2023],{"class":120},[63,75745,117],{"class":116},[63,75747,186],{"class":81},[63,75749,75750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75751,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75753,75754,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75755,75756],{"class":69},"part ",[63,75758,74],{"class":73},[63,75760,70193],{"class":69},[63,75762,173],{"class":81},[63,75764,86],{"class":85},[63,75766,821],{"class":81},[63,75768,2840],{"class":85},[63,75770,186],{"class":81},[63,75772,75773,75775,75777,75780],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75774,140],{"class":139},[63,75776,113],{"class":81},[63,75778,75779],{"class":145},"part",[63,75781,126],{"class":81},[14,75783,163],{},[54,75785,75787],{"className":56,"code":75786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75788,75789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75790,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75792,173],{"class":81},[63,75794,193],{"class":116},[63,75796,206],{"class":120},[63,75798,193],{"class":116},[63,75800,89],{"class":81},[63,75802,203],{"class":116},[63,75804,215],{"class":120},[63,75806,193],{"class":116},[63,75808,89],{"class":81},[63,75810,203],{"class":116},[63,75812,19063],{"class":120},[63,75814,193],{"class":116},[63,75816,186],{"class":81},[14,75818,13357],{},[29,75820,75821,75824,75827,75833,75839],{},[32,75822,75823],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[32,75825,75826],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[32,75828,75829,75830],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75831,75832],{},"list[start:stop]",[32,75834,75835,75836,75838],{},"The item at ",[18,75837,75523],{}," is not included",[32,75840,75841],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75843,75844,75845,259],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[196,75846,75847],{"href":257},"beginner guide to Python lists",[49,75849,75851],{"id":75850},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75853,75854],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[54,75856,75857],{"className":56,"code":75533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,75858,75859],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75860,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75862,8654],{"class":69},[63,75864,173],{"class":81},[63,75866,36367],{"class":69},[63,75868,821],{"class":81},[63,75870,75523],{"class":69},[63,75872,821],{"class":81},[63,75874,75526],{"class":69},[63,75876,186],{"class":81},[14,75878,65142],{},[29,75880,75881,75886,75891],{},[32,75882,75883,75885],{},[18,75884,36367],{}," is where slicing begins",[32,75887,75888,75890],{},[18,75889,75523],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[32,75892,75893,75895],{},[18,75894,75526],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75897,75898],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[29,75900,75901,75907,75912],{},[32,75902,75903,75904,75906],{},"Missing ",[18,75905,36367],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[32,75908,75903,75909,75911],{},[18,75910,75523],{}," means go to the end of the list",[32,75913,75903,75914,75916,75917],{},[18,75915,75526],{}," means use ",[18,75918,86],{},[14,75920,2543],{},[54,75922,75924],{"className":56,"code":75923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75925,75926,75954,75958,75979,75996,76014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,75927,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,75929,70],{"class":69},[63,75931,74],{"class":73},[63,75933,1091],{"class":81},[63,75935,741],{"class":85},[63,75937,89],{"class":81},[63,75939,746],{"class":85},[63,75941,89],{"class":81},[63,75943,751],{"class":85},[63,75945,89],{"class":81},[63,75947,51136],{"class":85},[63,75949,89],{"class":81},[63,75951,5409],{"class":85},[63,75953,186],{"class":81},[63,75955,75956],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,75957,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,75959,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,75961,140],{"class":139},[63,75963,113],{"class":81},[63,75965,146],{"class":145},[63,75967,173],{"class":81},[63,75969,86],{"class":85},[63,75971,821],{"class":81},[63,75973,2840],{"class":85},[63,75975,20740],{"class":81},[63,75977,75978],{"class":1910},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[63,75980,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,75982,140],{"class":139},[63,75984,113],{"class":81},[63,75986,146],{"class":145},[63,75988,75632],{"class":81},[63,75990,1248],{"class":85},[63,75992,20740],{"class":81},[63,75994,75995],{"class":1910},"    # start from the beginning\n",[63,75997,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76011],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,75999,140],{"class":139},[63,76001,113],{"class":81},[63,76003,146],{"class":145},[63,76005,173],{"class":81},[63,76007,2394],{"class":85},[63,76009,76010],{"class":81},":])",[63,76012,76013],{"class":1910},"    # go to the end\n",[63,76015,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,76017,140],{"class":139},[63,76019,113],{"class":81},[63,76021,146],{"class":145},[63,76023,74219],{"class":81},[63,76025,86],{"class":85},[63,76027,20740],{"class":81},[63,76029,76030],{"class":1910},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76032,163],{},[54,76034,76036],{"className":56,"code":76035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,76037,76038,76054,76070,76086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76039,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76041,173],{"class":81},[63,76043,16051],{"class":85},[63,76045,89],{"class":81},[63,76047,751],{"class":85},[63,76049,89],{"class":81},[63,76051,51136],{"class":85},[63,76053,186],{"class":81},[63,76055,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76057,173],{"class":81},[63,76059,741],{"class":85},[63,76061,89],{"class":81},[63,76063,746],{"class":85},[63,76065,89],{"class":81},[63,76067,751],{"class":85},[63,76069,186],{"class":81},[63,76071,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76073,173],{"class":81},[63,76075,37132],{"class":85},[63,76077,89],{"class":81},[63,76079,51136],{"class":85},[63,76081,89],{"class":81},[63,76083,5409],{"class":85},[63,76085,186],{"class":81},[63,76087,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76089,173],{"class":81},[63,76091,741],{"class":85},[63,76093,89],{"class":81},[63,76095,746],{"class":85},[63,76097,89],{"class":81},[63,76099,751],{"class":85},[63,76101,89],{"class":81},[63,76103,51136],{"class":85},[63,76105,89],{"class":81},[63,76107,5409],{"class":85},[63,76109,186],{"class":81},[49,76111,76113],{"id":76112},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76115,76116],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[29,76118,76119,76128,76137,76148,76154],{},[32,76120,76121,76124,76125,6285],{},[18,76122,76123],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,76126,76127],{},"n",[32,76129,76130,76133,76134,76136],{},[18,76131,76132],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,76135,76127],{}," to the end",[32,76138,76139,76142,76143,76145,76146],{},[18,76140,76141],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,76144,196],{}," up to ",[18,76147,206],{},[32,76149,76150,76153],{},[18,76151,76152],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[32,76155,76156,76159],{},[18,76157,76158],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76161,2543],{},[54,76163,76165],{"className":56,"code":76164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,76166,76167,76200,76204,76221,76238,76259,76276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76168,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76170,70],{"class":69},[63,76172,74],{"class":73},[63,76174,1091],{"class":81},[63,76176,741],{"class":85},[63,76178,89],{"class":81},[63,76180,746],{"class":85},[63,76182,89],{"class":81},[63,76184,751],{"class":85},[63,76186,89],{"class":81},[63,76188,51136],{"class":85},[63,76190,89],{"class":81},[63,76192,5409],{"class":85},[63,76194,89],{"class":81},[63,76196,76197],{"class":85}," 60",[63,76199,186],{"class":81},[63,76201,76202],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76203,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,76205,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76207,140],{"class":139},[63,76209,113],{"class":81},[63,76211,146],{"class":145},[63,76213,75632],{"class":81},[63,76215,1248],{"class":85},[63,76217,20740],{"class":81},[63,76219,76220],{"class":1910},"    # first 3 items\n",[63,76222,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76224,140],{"class":139},[63,76226,113],{"class":81},[63,76228,146],{"class":145},[63,76230,173],{"class":81},[63,76232,1248],{"class":85},[63,76234,76010],{"class":81},[63,76236,76237],{"class":1910},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[63,76239,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,76241,140],{"class":139},[63,76243,113],{"class":81},[63,76245,146],{"class":145},[63,76247,173],{"class":81},[63,76249,86],{"class":85},[63,76251,821],{"class":81},[63,76253,661],{"class":85},[63,76255,20740],{"class":81},[63,76257,76258],{"class":1910},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[63,76260,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,76262,140],{"class":139},[63,76264,113],{"class":81},[63,76266,146],{"class":145},[63,76268,74219],{"class":81},[63,76270,2394],{"class":85},[63,76272,20740],{"class":81},[63,76274,76275],{"class":1910},"   # every second item\n",[63,76277,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,76279,140],{"class":139},[63,76281,113],{"class":81},[63,76283,146],{"class":145},[63,76285,74219],{"class":81},[63,76287,2359],{"class":73},[63,76289,86],{"class":85},[63,76291,20740],{"class":81},[63,76293,76294],{"class":1910},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76296,163],{},[54,76298,76300],{"className":56,"code":76299,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,76301,76302,76318,76334,76354,76370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76303,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76305,173],{"class":81},[63,76307,741],{"class":85},[63,76309,89],{"class":81},[63,76311,746],{"class":85},[63,76313,89],{"class":81},[63,76315,751],{"class":85},[63,76317,186],{"class":81},[63,76319,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76321,173],{"class":81},[63,76323,56974],{"class":85},[63,76325,89],{"class":81},[63,76327,5409],{"class":85},[63,76329,89],{"class":81},[63,76331,76197],{"class":85},[63,76333,186],{"class":81},[63,76335,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76337,173],{"class":81},[63,76339,16051],{"class":85},[63,76341,89],{"class":81},[63,76343,751],{"class":85},[63,76345,89],{"class":81},[63,76347,51136],{"class":85},[63,76349,89],{"class":81},[63,76351,5409],{"class":85},[63,76353,186],{"class":81},[63,76355,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76357,173],{"class":81},[63,76359,741],{"class":85},[63,76361,89],{"class":81},[63,76363,751],{"class":85},[63,76365,89],{"class":81},[63,76367,5409],{"class":85},[63,76369,186],{"class":81},[63,76371,76372,76374,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,76373,173],{"class":81},[63,76375,76376],{"class":85},"60",[63,76378,89],{"class":81},[63,76380,5409],{"class":85},[63,76382,89],{"class":81},[63,76384,51136],{"class":85},[63,76386,89],{"class":81},[63,76388,751],{"class":85},[63,76390,89],{"class":81},[63,76392,746],{"class":85},[63,76394,89],{"class":81},[63,76396,6324],{"class":85},[63,76398,186],{"class":81},[14,76400,76401,76402,259],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[196,76403,15184],{"href":57500},[49,76405,76407],{"id":76406},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76409,76410],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76412,5794],{},[29,76414,76415,76421],{},[32,76416,76417,76420],{},[18,76418,76419],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[32,76422,76423,76426],{},[18,76424,76425],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76428,76429],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[54,76431,76433],{"className":56,"code":76432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,76434,76435,76483,76487,76506,76525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76438,106],{"class":69},[63,76440,74],{"class":73},[63,76442,1091],{"class":81},[63,76444,117],{"class":116},[63,76446,196],{"class":120},[63,76448,117],{"class":116},[63,76450,89],{"class":81},[63,76452,824],{"class":116},[63,76454,206],{"class":120},[63,76456,117],{"class":116},[63,76458,89],{"class":81},[63,76460,824],{"class":116},[63,76462,215],{"class":120},[63,76464,117],{"class":116},[63,76466,89],{"class":81},[63,76468,824],{"class":116},[63,76470,19063],{"class":120},[63,76472,117],{"class":116},[63,76474,89],{"class":81},[63,76476,824],{"class":116},[63,76478,2023],{"class":120},[63,76480,117],{"class":116},[63,76482,186],{"class":81},[63,76484,76485],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76486,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,76488,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76490,140],{"class":139},[63,76492,113],{"class":81},[63,76494,158],{"class":145},[63,76496,173],{"class":81},[63,76498,2359],{"class":73},[63,76500,86],{"class":85},[63,76502,20740],{"class":81},[63,76504,76505],{"class":1910},"    # last item\n",[63,76507,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76509,140],{"class":139},[63,76511,113],{"class":81},[63,76513,158],{"class":145},[63,76515,173],{"class":81},[63,76517,2359],{"class":73},[63,76519,1248],{"class":85},[63,76521,76010],{"class":81},[63,76523,76524],{"class":1910},"   # last 3 items\n",[63,76526,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,76528,140],{"class":139},[63,76530,113],{"class":81},[63,76532,158],{"class":145},[63,76534,75632],{"class":81},[63,76536,2359],{"class":73},[63,76538,86],{"class":85},[63,76540,20740],{"class":81},[63,76542,76543],{"class":1910},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76545,163],{},[54,76547,76549],{"className":56,"code":76548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,76550,76551,76556,76584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76552,76553],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76554,76555],{"class":69},"e\n",[63,76557,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76559,173],{"class":81},[63,76561,193],{"class":116},[63,76563,215],{"class":120},[63,76565,193],{"class":116},[63,76567,89],{"class":81},[63,76569,203],{"class":116},[63,76571,19063],{"class":120},[63,76573,193],{"class":116},[63,76575,89],{"class":81},[63,76577,203],{"class":116},[63,76579,2023],{"class":120},[63,76581,193],{"class":116},[63,76583,186],{"class":81},[63,76585,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76587,173],{"class":81},[63,76589,193],{"class":116},[63,76591,196],{"class":120},[63,76593,193],{"class":116},[63,76595,89],{"class":81},[63,76597,203],{"class":116},[63,76599,206],{"class":120},[63,76601,193],{"class":116},[63,76603,89],{"class":81},[63,76605,203],{"class":116},[63,76607,215],{"class":120},[63,76609,193],{"class":116},[63,76611,89],{"class":81},[63,76613,203],{"class":116},[63,76615,19063],{"class":120},[63,76617,193],{"class":116},[63,76619,186],{"class":81},[14,76621,13357],{},[29,76623,76624,76627,76631,76637,76643],{},[32,76625,76626],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[32,76628,76629,76420],{},[18,76630,76419],{},[32,76632,76633,76636],{},[18,76634,76635],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[32,76638,76639,76642],{},[18,76640,76641],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[32,76644,76645,76646,4726,76648],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76647,36367],{},[18,76649,75523],{},[49,76651,76653],{"id":76652},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76655,2317,76656,76658],{},[18,76657,75526],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[29,76660,76661,76664,76667,76672,76682],{},[32,76662,76663],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[32,76665,76666],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[32,76668,76669,76671],{},[18,76670,76158],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[32,76673,9192,76674,76676,76677,76679,76680],{},[18,76675,75526],{}," is negative, ",[18,76678,36367],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76681,75523],{},[32,76683,76684,76686,76687],{},[18,76685,75526],{}," cannot be ",[18,76688,687],{},[14,76690,76691],{},"Example with different step values:",[54,76693,76695],{"className":56,"code":76694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76696,76697,76729,76733,76750,76772,76791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76698,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76700,70],{"class":69},[63,76702,74],{"class":73},[63,76704,1091],{"class":81},[63,76706,741],{"class":85},[63,76708,89],{"class":81},[63,76710,746],{"class":85},[63,76712,89],{"class":81},[63,76714,751],{"class":85},[63,76716,89],{"class":81},[63,76718,51136],{"class":85},[63,76720,89],{"class":81},[63,76722,5409],{"class":85},[63,76724,89],{"class":81},[63,76726,76197],{"class":85},[63,76728,186],{"class":81},[63,76730,76731],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76732,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,76734,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76736,140],{"class":139},[63,76738,113],{"class":81},[63,76740,146],{"class":145},[63,76742,74219],{"class":81},[63,76744,2394],{"class":85},[63,76746,20740],{"class":81},[63,76748,76749],{"class":1910},"     # every second item\n",[63,76751,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76765,76767,76769],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76753,140],{"class":139},[63,76755,113],{"class":81},[63,76757,146],{"class":145},[63,76759,173],{"class":81},[63,76761,86],{"class":85},[63,76763,76764],{"class":81},"::",[63,76766,2394],{"class":85},[63,76768,20740],{"class":81},[63,76770,76771],{"class":1910},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[63,76773,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,76775,140],{"class":139},[63,76777,113],{"class":81},[63,76779,146],{"class":145},[63,76781,74219],{"class":81},[63,76783,2359],{"class":73},[63,76785,86],{"class":85},[63,76787,20740],{"class":81},[63,76789,76790],{"class":1910},"    # reverse the list\n",[63,76792,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,76794,140],{"class":139},[63,76796,113],{"class":81},[63,76798,146],{"class":145},[63,76800,173],{"class":81},[63,76802,2840],{"class":85},[63,76804,821],{"class":81},[63,76806,86],{"class":85},[63,76808,821],{"class":81},[63,76810,2359],{"class":73},[63,76812,86],{"class":85},[63,76814,20740],{"class":81},[63,76816,76817],{"class":1910},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76819,163],{},[54,76821,76823],{"className":56,"code":76822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76824,76825,76841,76857,76885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76826,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76828,173],{"class":81},[63,76830,741],{"class":85},[63,76832,89],{"class":81},[63,76834,751],{"class":85},[63,76836,89],{"class":81},[63,76838,5409],{"class":85},[63,76840,186],{"class":81},[63,76842,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76844,173],{"class":81},[63,76846,16051],{"class":85},[63,76848,89],{"class":81},[63,76850,51136],{"class":85},[63,76852,89],{"class":81},[63,76854,76197],{"class":85},[63,76856,186],{"class":81},[63,76858,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,76860,173],{"class":81},[63,76862,76376],{"class":85},[63,76864,89],{"class":81},[63,76866,5409],{"class":85},[63,76868,89],{"class":81},[63,76870,51136],{"class":85},[63,76872,89],{"class":81},[63,76874,751],{"class":85},[63,76876,89],{"class":81},[63,76878,746],{"class":85},[63,76880,89],{"class":81},[63,76882,6324],{"class":85},[63,76884,186],{"class":81},[63,76886,76887,76889,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,76888,173],{"class":81},[63,76890,76891],{"class":85},"50",[63,76893,89],{"class":81},[63,76895,51136],{"class":85},[63,76897,89],{"class":81},[63,76899,751],{"class":85},[63,76901,186],{"class":81},[14,76903,76904,76905,259],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[196,76906,76907],{"href":74903},"how to reverse a list in Python",[486,76909,76911],{"id":76910},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76913,3174],{},[54,76915,76917],{"className":56,"code":76916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76918,76919,76939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76920,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76922,70],{"class":69},[63,76924,74],{"class":73},[63,76926,1091],{"class":81},[63,76928,86],{"class":85},[63,76930,89],{"class":81},[63,76932,92],{"class":85},[63,76934,89],{"class":81},[63,76936,97],{"class":85},[63,76938,186],{"class":81},[63,76940,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,76942,140],{"class":139},[63,76944,113],{"class":81},[63,76946,146],{"class":145},[63,76948,74219],{"class":81},[63,76950,687],{"class":85},[63,76952,2080],{"class":81},[14,76954,76955,76956,76958,76959,76961],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76957,40994],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76960,687],{}," does not make sense.",[49,76963,76965],{"id":76964},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76967,76968],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[486,76970,76972],{"id":76971},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[54,76974,76976],{"className":56,"code":76975,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76977,76978,77002,77006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,76979,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,76981,70],{"class":69},[63,76983,74],{"class":73},[63,76985,1091],{"class":81},[63,76987,741],{"class":85},[63,76989,89],{"class":81},[63,76991,746],{"class":85},[63,76993,89],{"class":81},[63,76995,751],{"class":85},[63,76997,89],{"class":81},[63,76999,51136],{"class":85},[63,77001,186],{"class":81},[63,77003,77004],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77005,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77007,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77009,140],{"class":139},[63,77011,113],{"class":81},[63,77013,146],{"class":145},[63,77015,173],{"class":81},[63,77017,2394],{"class":85},[63,77019,2080],{"class":81},[14,77021,163],{},[54,77023,77024],{"className":56,"code":69937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,77025,77026],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77027,77028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77029,69937],{"class":85},[486,77031,77033],{"id":77032},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[54,77035,77037],{"className":56,"code":77036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,77038,77039,77063,77067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77040,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77042,70],{"class":69},[63,77044,74],{"class":73},[63,77046,1091],{"class":81},[63,77048,741],{"class":85},[63,77050,89],{"class":81},[63,77052,746],{"class":85},[63,77054,89],{"class":81},[63,77056,751],{"class":85},[63,77058,89],{"class":81},[63,77060,51136],{"class":85},[63,77062,186],{"class":81},[63,77064,77065],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77066,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77068,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77070,140],{"class":139},[63,77072,113],{"class":81},[63,77074,146],{"class":145},[63,77076,173],{"class":81},[63,77078,2394],{"class":85},[63,77080,821],{"class":81},[63,77082,1248],{"class":85},[63,77084,2080],{"class":81},[14,77086,163],{},[54,77088,77090],{"className":56,"code":77089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30]\n",[18,77091,77092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77093,77094,77096,77098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77095,173],{"class":81},[63,77097,37132],{"class":85},[63,77099,186],{"class":81},[14,77101,14063],{},[29,77103,77104,77110],{},[32,77105,77106,77109],{},[18,77107,77108],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[32,77111,77112,77115],{},[18,77113,77114],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77117,77118],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[29,77120,77121,77124],{},[32,77122,77123],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[32,77125,77126],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77128,2543],{},[54,77130,77132],{"className":56,"code":77131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,77133,77134,77154,77158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77137,70],{"class":69},[63,77139,74],{"class":73},[63,77141,1091],{"class":81},[63,77143,741],{"class":85},[63,77145,89],{"class":81},[63,77147,746],{"class":85},[63,77149,89],{"class":81},[63,77151,751],{"class":85},[63,77153,186],{"class":81},[63,77155,77156],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77157,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77159,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77161,140],{"class":139},[63,77163,113],{"class":81},[63,77165,146],{"class":145},[63,77167,173],{"class":81},[63,77169,661],{"class":85},[63,77171,821],{"class":81},[63,77173,741],{"class":85},[63,77175,2080],{"class":81},[14,77177,163],{},[54,77179,77180],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,77181,77182],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77183,77184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77185,364],{"class":81},[14,77187,77188],{},"But this would raise an error:",[54,77190,77192],{"className":56,"code":77191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,77193,77194,77214,77218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77195,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77197,70],{"class":69},[63,77199,74],{"class":73},[63,77201,1091],{"class":81},[63,77203,741],{"class":85},[63,77205,89],{"class":81},[63,77207,746],{"class":85},[63,77209,89],{"class":81},[63,77211,751],{"class":85},[63,77213,186],{"class":81},[63,77215,77216],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77217,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77219,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77221,140],{"class":139},[63,77223,113],{"class":81},[63,77225,146],{"class":145},[63,77227,173],{"class":81},[63,77229,661],{"class":85},[63,77231,2080],{"class":81},[14,77233,77234,77235,259],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[196,77236,69356],{"href":69355},[49,77238,15473],{"id":77239},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77241,77242],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[29,77244,77245,77249,77251,77254,77260],{},[32,77246,5035,77247,75838],{},[18,77248,75523],{},[32,77250,60965],{},[32,77252,77253],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[32,77255,37494,77256,9021,77258],{},[18,77257,76158],{},[18,77259,73623],{},[32,77261,77262,77263,77265],{},"Using step ",[18,77264,687],{},", which causes an error",[486,77267,77269],{"id":77268},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[54,77271,77273],{"className":56,"code":77272,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,77274,77275,77303],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77276,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77278,70],{"class":69},[63,77280,74],{"class":73},[63,77282,1091],{"class":81},[63,77284,741],{"class":85},[63,77286,89],{"class":81},[63,77288,746],{"class":85},[63,77290,89],{"class":81},[63,77292,751],{"class":85},[63,77294,89],{"class":81},[63,77296,51136],{"class":85},[63,77298,89],{"class":81},[63,77300,5409],{"class":85},[63,77302,186],{"class":81},[63,77304,77305,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77306,140],{"class":139},[63,77308,113],{"class":81},[63,77310,146],{"class":145},[63,77312,173],{"class":81},[63,77314,86],{"class":85},[63,77316,821],{"class":81},[63,77318,2840],{"class":85},[63,77320,2080],{"class":81},[14,77322,77323],{},"This returns:",[54,77325,77327],{"className":56,"code":77326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77328,77329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77330,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77332,173],{"class":81},[63,77334,16051],{"class":85},[63,77336,89],{"class":81},[63,77338,751],{"class":85},[63,77340,89],{"class":81},[63,77342,51136],{"class":85},[63,77344,186],{"class":81},[14,77346,41196,77347,77349,77350,77352,77353,259],{},[1217,77348,4961],{}," include ",[18,77351,76891],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,77354,2840],{},[486,77356,77358],{"id":77357},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77360,16941],{},[54,77362,77364],{"className":56,"code":77363,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,77365,77366,77386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77367,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77369,70],{"class":69},[63,77371,74],{"class":73},[63,77373,1091],{"class":81},[63,77375,741],{"class":85},[63,77377,89],{"class":81},[63,77379,746],{"class":85},[63,77381,89],{"class":81},[63,77383,751],{"class":85},[63,77385,186],{"class":81},[63,77387,77388],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77389,77390],{"class":1910},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77392,77393],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[54,77395,77397],{"className":56,"code":77396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,77398,77399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77400,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77402,140],{"class":139},[63,77404,113],{"class":81},[63,77406,146],{"class":145},[63,77408,173],{"class":81},[63,77410,86],{"class":85},[63,77412,821],{"class":81},[63,77414,1248],{"class":85},[63,77416,2080],{"class":81},[486,77418,77420],{"id":77419},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77422,77423],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[54,77425,77427],{"className":56,"code":77426,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77428,77429,77453,77467,77471,77481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77430,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77432,70],{"class":69},[63,77434,74],{"class":73},[63,77436,1091],{"class":81},[63,77438,741],{"class":85},[63,77440,89],{"class":81},[63,77442,746],{"class":85},[63,77444,89],{"class":81},[63,77446,751],{"class":85},[63,77448,89],{"class":81},[63,77450,51136],{"class":85},[63,77452,186],{"class":81},[63,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77456,75756],{"class":69},[63,77458,74],{"class":73},[63,77460,4595],{"class":69},[63,77462,75632],{"class":81},[63,77464,2394],{"class":85},[63,77466,186],{"class":81},[63,77468,77469],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77470,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77472,77473,77475,77477,77479],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,77474,140],{"class":139},[63,77476,113],{"class":81},[63,77478,75779],{"class":145},[63,77480,126],{"class":81},[63,77482,77483,77485,77487,77489],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,77484,140],{"class":139},[63,77486,113],{"class":81},[63,77488,146],{"class":145},[63,77490,126],{"class":81},[14,77492,163],{},[54,77494,77496],{"className":56,"code":77495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,77497,77498,77510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77499,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77501,173],{"class":81},[63,77503,741],{"class":85},[63,77505,89],{"class":81},[63,77507,746],{"class":85},[63,77509,186],{"class":81},[63,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77513,173],{"class":81},[63,77515,741],{"class":85},[63,77517,89],{"class":81},[63,77519,746],{"class":85},[63,77521,89],{"class":81},[63,77523,751],{"class":85},[63,77525,89],{"class":81},[63,77527,51136],{"class":85},[63,77529,186],{"class":81},[14,77531,77532],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[486,77534,77536,77537,9021,77539],{"id":77535},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,77538,76158],{},[18,77540,73623],{},[54,77542,77544],{"className":56,"code":77543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77545,77546,77566,77570,77587,77598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77547,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77549,70],{"class":69},[63,77551,74],{"class":73},[63,77553,1091],{"class":81},[63,77555,741],{"class":85},[63,77557,89],{"class":81},[63,77559,746],{"class":85},[63,77561,89],{"class":81},[63,77563,751],{"class":85},[63,77565,186],{"class":81},[63,77567,77568],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77569,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,77571,77572,77575,77577,77579,77581,77583,77585],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77573,77574],{"class":69},"reversed_copy ",[63,77576,74],{"class":73},[63,77578,4595],{"class":69},[63,77580,74219],{"class":81},[63,77582,2359],{"class":73},[63,77584,86],{"class":85},[63,77586,186],{"class":81},[63,77588,77589,77591,77593,77596],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,77590,140],{"class":139},[63,77592,113],{"class":81},[63,77594,77595],{"class":145},"reversed_copy",[63,77597,126],{"class":81},[63,77599,77600,77602,77604,77606],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,77601,140],{"class":139},[63,77603,113],{"class":81},[63,77605,146],{"class":145},[63,77607,126],{"class":81},[14,77609,163],{},[54,77611,77613],{"className":56,"code":77612,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77614,77615,77631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77616,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77618,173],{"class":81},[63,77620,37132],{"class":85},[63,77622,89],{"class":81},[63,77624,746],{"class":85},[63,77626,89],{"class":81},[63,77628,6324],{"class":85},[63,77630,186],{"class":81},[63,77632,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77634,173],{"class":81},[63,77636,741],{"class":85},[63,77638,89],{"class":81},[63,77640,746],{"class":85},[63,77642,89],{"class":81},[63,77644,751],{"class":85},[63,77646,186],{"class":81},[14,77648,77649,77652],{},[18,77650,77651],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77654,77655,77656,77659],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77657,77658],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[486,77661,77663],{"id":77662},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77665,77666],{},"This is not allowed:",[54,77668,77670],{"className":56,"code":77669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77671,77672,77692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77673,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77675,70],{"class":69},[63,77677,74],{"class":73},[63,77679,1091],{"class":81},[63,77681,741],{"class":85},[63,77683,89],{"class":81},[63,77685,746],{"class":85},[63,77687,89],{"class":81},[63,77689,751],{"class":85},[63,77691,186],{"class":81},[63,77693,77694],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77695,77696],{"class":1910},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77698,77699,77700,259],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77701,40994],{},[49,77703,77705],{"id":77704},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77707,77708],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[29,77710,77711,77718,77724,77727,77730],{},[32,77712,37494,77713,4726,77715,77717],{},[18,77714,36367],{},[18,77716,75523],{}," positions",[32,77719,77720,77721,77723],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77722,75523],{}," index is included",[32,77725,77726],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[32,77728,77729],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[32,77731,77732],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77734,77735],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[54,77737,77739],{"className":56,"code":77738,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77740,77741,77751,77765,77783,77797,77814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77744,140],{"class":139},[63,77746,113],{"class":81},[63,77748,8654],{"class":145},[63,77750,126],{"class":81},[63,77752,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,77754,140],{"class":139},[63,77756,113],{"class":81},[63,77758,11468],{"class":139},[63,77760,113],{"class":81},[63,77762,8654],{"class":145},[63,77764,100],{"class":81},[63,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,77768,140],{"class":139},[63,77770,113],{"class":81},[63,77772,8654],{"class":145},[63,77774,173],{"class":81},[63,77776,86],{"class":85},[63,77778,821],{"class":81},[63,77780,2840],{"class":85},[63,77782,2080],{"class":81},[63,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,77786,140],{"class":139},[63,77788,113],{"class":81},[63,77790,8654],{"class":145},[63,77792,75632],{"class":81},[63,77794,1248],{"class":85},[63,77796,2080],{"class":81},[63,77798,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,77800,140],{"class":139},[63,77802,113],{"class":81},[63,77804,8654],{"class":145},[63,77806,173],{"class":81},[63,77808,2359],{"class":73},[63,77810,1248],{"class":85},[63,77812,77813],{"class":81},":])\n",[63,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,77817,140],{"class":139},[63,77819,113],{"class":81},[63,77821,8654],{"class":145},[63,77823,74219],{"class":81},[63,77825,2359],{"class":73},[63,77827,86],{"class":85},[63,77829,2080],{"class":81},[14,77831,8733,77832,77834,77835,77839],{},[18,77833,42651],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[196,77836,77838],{"href":77837},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[49,77841,2165],{"id":2164},[486,77843,77845],{"id":77844},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77847,77848],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[486,77850,77852],{"id":77851},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77854,77855],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[486,77857,5469,77859,40250],{"id":77858},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77860,76158],{},[14,77862,77863],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[486,77865,77867,77868,2827],{"id":77866},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77869,70828],{},[14,77871,77872],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[49,77874,2219],{"id":2218},[29,77876,77877,77882,77887,77891,77895,77899],{},[32,77878,77879],{},[196,77880,77881],{"href":257},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[32,77883,77884],{},[196,77885,77886],{"href":57434},"How to create a list in Python",[32,77888,77889],{},[196,77890,15261],{"href":57500},[32,77892,77893],{},[196,77894,74904],{"href":74903},[32,77896,77897],{},[196,77898,77838],{"href":77837},[32,77900,77901],{},[196,77902,69356],{"href":69355},[14,77904,77905,77906,77908],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77907,42651],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2259,77910,77911],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":77913},[77914,77915,77916,77917,77918,77919,77922,77926,77934,77935,77943],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":75687,"depth":103,"text":75688},{"id":75850,"depth":103,"text":75851},{"id":76112,"depth":103,"text":76113},{"id":76406,"depth":103,"text":76407},{"id":76652,"depth":103,"text":76653,"children":77920},[77921],{"id":76910,"depth":129,"text":76911},{"id":76964,"depth":103,"text":76965,"children":77923},[77924,77925],{"id":76971,"depth":129,"text":76972},{"id":77032,"depth":129,"text":77033},{"id":77239,"depth":103,"text":15473,"children":77927},[77928,77929,77930,77931,77933],{"id":77268,"depth":129,"text":77269},{"id":77357,"depth":129,"text":77358},{"id":77419,"depth":129,"text":77420},{"id":77535,"depth":129,"text":77932},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77662,"depth":129,"text":77663},{"id":77704,"depth":103,"text":77705},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":77936},[77937,77938,77939,77941],{"id":77844,"depth":129,"text":77845},{"id":77851,"depth":129,"text":77852},{"id":77858,"depth":129,"text":77940},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77866,"depth":129,"text":77942},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75510,"description":77944},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77951,"title":77952,"body":77953,"description":80022,"extension":2300,"meta":80023,"navigation":132,"path":80024,"seo":80025,"stem":80026,"__hash__":80027},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77954,"toc":79988},[77955,77960,77966,77972,77974,78021,78028,78033,78037,78052,78055,78108,78110,78135,78140,78142,78174,78177,78193,78195,78256,78258,78283,78287,78292,78345,78347,78372,78377,78438,78440,78465,78468,78475,78479,78482,78543,78545,78578,78581,78642,78644,78677,78683,78756,78758,78790,78797,78802,78807,78809,78821,78824,78902,78904,78945,78948,79022,79024,79057,79062,79069,79076,79080,79089,79093,79101,79103,79170,79172,79208,79213,79224,79226,79231,79236,79238,79301,79303,79328,79335,79340,79344,79347,79387,79392,79398,79403,79405,79432,79437,79440,79487,79489,79546,79553,79558,79564,79633,79637,79640,79703,79705,79738,79743,79745,79748,79829,79831,79855,79861,79863,79868,79872,79879,79887,79891,79893,79916,79920,79922,79949,79952,79959,79962,79964,79985],[10,77956,54628,77958,11629],{"id":77957},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77959,1728],{},[14,77961,77962,77965],{},[18,77963,77964],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77967,77968,77969,77971],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77970,1728],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[49,77973,52],{"id":51},[54,77975,77977],{"className":56,"code":77976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77978,77979,77999,78009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,77980,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,77982,70],{"class":69},[63,77984,74],{"class":73},[63,77986,1091],{"class":81},[63,77988,1248],{"class":85},[63,77990,89],{"class":81},[63,77992,692],{"class":85},[63,77994,89],{"class":81},[63,77996,92],{"class":85},[63,77998,186],{"class":81},[63,78000,78001,78003,78005,78007],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78002,146],{"class":69},[63,78004,259],{"class":81},[63,78006,35093],{"class":145},[63,78008,279],{"class":81},[63,78010,78011,78013,78015,78017,78019],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78012,140],{"class":139},[63,78014,113],{"class":81},[63,78016,146],{"class":145},[63,78018,3997],{"class":81},[63,78020,55218],{"class":1910},[14,78022,222,78023,78025,78026,259],{},[18,78024,77964],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,78027,4115],{},[49,78029,4014,78031,4017],{"id":78030},"what-listsort-does",[18,78032,77964],{},[14,78034,78035,821],{},[18,78036,77964],{},[29,78038,78039,78042,78045,78049],{},[32,78040,78041],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[32,78043,78044],{},"Changes the original list",[32,78046,11731,78047],{},[18,78048,4115],{},[32,78050,78051],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78053,78054],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[54,78056,78058],{"className":56,"code":78057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78059,78060,78084,78094,78098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78061,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78063,70],{"class":69},[63,78065,74],{"class":73},[63,78067,1091],{"class":81},[63,78069,661],{"class":85},[63,78071,89],{"class":81},[63,78073,92],{"class":85},[63,78075,89],{"class":81},[63,78077,54423],{"class":85},[63,78079,89],{"class":81},[63,78081,692],{"class":85},[63,78083,186],{"class":81},[63,78085,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78087,146],{"class":69},[63,78089,259],{"class":81},[63,78091,35093],{"class":145},[63,78093,279],{"class":81},[63,78095,78096],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78097,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78099,78100,78102,78104,78106],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78101,140],{"class":139},[63,78103,113],{"class":81},[63,78105,146],{"class":145},[63,78107,126],{"class":81},[14,78109,163],{},[54,78111,78113],{"className":56,"code":78112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,78114,78115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78118,173],{"class":81},[63,78120,86],{"class":85},[63,78122,89],{"class":81},[63,78124,92],{"class":85},[63,78126,89],{"class":81},[63,78128,4935],{"class":85},[63,78130,89],{"class":81},[63,78132,54423],{"class":85},[63,78134,186],{"class":81},[14,78136,78137,78138,259],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[196,78139,67174],{"href":257},[49,78141,263],{"id":262},[54,78143,78145],{"className":56,"code":78144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,78146,78147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78168,78170,78172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78150,8654],{"class":69},[63,78152,259],{"class":81},[63,78154,35093],{"class":145},[63,78156,113],{"class":81},[63,78158,15137],{"class":9491},[63,78160,74],{"class":73},[63,78162,4115],{"class":1205},[63,78164,89],{"class":81},[63,78166,78167],{"class":9491}," reverse",[63,78169,74],{"class":73},[63,78171,4010],{"class":1205},[63,78173,126],{"class":81},[14,78175,78176],{},"Main arguments:",[29,78178,78179,78184,78190],{},[32,78180,78181,78183],{},[18,78182,15137],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[32,78185,78186,78189],{},[18,78187,78188],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[32,78191,78192],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78194,2543],{},[54,78196,78198],{"className":56,"code":78197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78199,78200,78224,78242,78246],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78203,70],{"class":69},[63,78205,74],{"class":73},[63,78207,1091],{"class":81},[63,78209,2840],{"class":85},[63,78211,89],{"class":81},[63,78213,692],{"class":85},[63,78215,89],{"class":81},[63,78217,6313],{"class":85},[63,78219,89],{"class":81},[63,78221,92],{"class":85},[63,78223,186],{"class":81},[63,78225,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78227,146],{"class":69},[63,78229,259],{"class":81},[63,78231,35093],{"class":145},[63,78233,113],{"class":81},[63,78235,73674],{"class":9491},[63,78237,74],{"class":73},[63,78239,3941],{"class":1205},[63,78241,126],{"class":81},[63,78243,78244],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78245,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78247,78248,78250,78252,78254],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78249,140],{"class":139},[63,78251,113],{"class":81},[63,78253,146],{"class":145},[63,78255,126],{"class":81},[14,78257,163],{},[54,78259,78261],{"className":56,"code":78260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,78262,78263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78264,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78266,173],{"class":81},[63,78268,2362],{"class":85},[63,78270,89],{"class":81},[63,78272,705],{"class":85},[63,78274,89],{"class":81},[63,78276,92],{"class":85},[63,78278,89],{"class":81},[63,78280,692],{"class":85},[63,78282,186],{"class":81},[49,78284,78286],{"id":78285},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78288,222,78289,78291],{},[18,78290,1728],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[54,78293,78295],{"className":56,"code":78294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78296,78297,78321,78331,78335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78300,70],{"class":69},[63,78302,74],{"class":73},[63,78304,1091],{"class":81},[63,78306,741],{"class":85},[63,78308,89],{"class":81},[63,78310,97],{"class":85},[63,78312,89],{"class":81},[63,78314,6679],{"class":85},[63,78316,89],{"class":81},[63,78318,692],{"class":85},[63,78320,186],{"class":81},[63,78322,78323,78325,78327,78329],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78324,146],{"class":69},[63,78326,259],{"class":81},[63,78328,35093],{"class":145},[63,78330,279],{"class":81},[63,78332,78333],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78334,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78336,78337,78339,78341,78343],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78338,140],{"class":139},[63,78340,113],{"class":81},[63,78342,146],{"class":145},[63,78344,126],{"class":81},[14,78346,163],{},[54,78348,78350],{"className":56,"code":78349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,78351,78352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78353,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78355,173],{"class":81},[63,78357,86],{"class":85},[63,78359,89],{"class":81},[63,78361,97],{"class":85},[63,78363,89],{"class":81},[63,78365,6679],{"class":85},[63,78367,89],{"class":81},[63,78369,6324],{"class":85},[63,78371,186],{"class":81},[14,78373,222,78374,78376],{},[18,78375,78188],{}," for descending order:",[54,78378,78380],{"className":56,"code":78379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78381,78382,78406,78424,78428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78383,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78385,70],{"class":69},[63,78387,74],{"class":73},[63,78389,1091],{"class":81},[63,78391,741],{"class":85},[63,78393,89],{"class":81},[63,78395,97],{"class":85},[63,78397,89],{"class":81},[63,78399,6679],{"class":85},[63,78401,89],{"class":81},[63,78403,692],{"class":85},[63,78405,186],{"class":81},[63,78407,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78409,146],{"class":69},[63,78411,259],{"class":81},[63,78413,35093],{"class":145},[63,78415,113],{"class":81},[63,78417,73674],{"class":9491},[63,78419,74],{"class":73},[63,78421,3941],{"class":1205},[63,78423,126],{"class":81},[63,78425,78426],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78427,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78429,78430,78432,78434,78436],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78431,140],{"class":139},[63,78433,113],{"class":81},[63,78435,146],{"class":145},[63,78437,126],{"class":81},[14,78439,163],{},[54,78441,78443],{"className":56,"code":78442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,78444,78445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78446,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78448,173],{"class":81},[63,78450,741],{"class":85},[63,78452,89],{"class":81},[63,78454,6679],{"class":85},[63,78456,89],{"class":81},[63,78458,97],{"class":85},[63,78460,89],{"class":81},[63,78462,692],{"class":85},[63,78464,186],{"class":81},[14,78466,78467],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78469,78470,78471,259],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[196,78472,78474],{"href":78473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[49,78476,78478],{"id":78477},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78480,78481],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[54,78483,78485],{"className":56,"code":78484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78486,78487,78519,78529,78533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78488,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78490,4403],{"class":69},[63,78492,74],{"class":73},[63,78494,1091],{"class":81},[63,78496,117],{"class":116},[63,78498,427],{"class":120},[63,78500,117],{"class":116},[63,78502,89],{"class":81},[63,78504,824],{"class":116},[63,78506,408],{"class":120},[63,78508,117],{"class":116},[63,78510,89],{"class":81},[63,78512,824],{"class":116},[63,78514,4428],{"class":120},[63,78516,117],{"class":116},[63,78518,186],{"class":81},[63,78520,78521,78523,78525,78527],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78522,4445],{"class":69},[63,78524,259],{"class":81},[63,78526,35093],{"class":145},[63,78528,279],{"class":81},[63,78530,78531],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78532,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78534,78535,78537,78539,78541],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78536,140],{"class":139},[63,78538,113],{"class":81},[63,78540,4445],{"class":145},[63,78542,126],{"class":81},[14,78544,163],{},[54,78546,78548],{"className":56,"code":78547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78549,78550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78551,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78553,173],{"class":81},[63,78555,193],{"class":116},[63,78557,408],{"class":120},[63,78559,193],{"class":116},[63,78561,89],{"class":81},[63,78563,203],{"class":116},[63,78565,427],{"class":120},[63,78567,193],{"class":116},[63,78569,89],{"class":81},[63,78571,203],{"class":116},[63,78573,4428],{"class":120},[63,78575,193],{"class":116},[63,78577,186],{"class":81},[14,78579,78580],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[54,78582,78584],{"className":56,"code":78583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78585,78586,78618,78628,78632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78587,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78589,4403],{"class":69},[63,78591,74],{"class":73},[63,78593,1091],{"class":81},[63,78595,117],{"class":116},[63,78597,427],{"class":120},[63,78599,117],{"class":116},[63,78601,89],{"class":81},[63,78603,824],{"class":116},[63,78605,58049],{"class":120},[63,78607,117],{"class":116},[63,78609,89],{"class":81},[63,78611,824],{"class":116},[63,78613,4428],{"class":120},[63,78615,117],{"class":116},[63,78617,186],{"class":81},[63,78619,78620,78622,78624,78626],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78621,4445],{"class":69},[63,78623,259],{"class":81},[63,78625,35093],{"class":145},[63,78627,279],{"class":81},[63,78629,78630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78631,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78633,78634,78636,78638,78640],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78635,140],{"class":139},[63,78637,113],{"class":81},[63,78639,4445],{"class":145},[63,78641,126],{"class":81},[14,78643,163],{},[54,78645,78647],{"className":56,"code":78646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78648,78649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78650,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78652,173],{"class":81},[63,78654,193],{"class":116},[63,78656,58049],{"class":120},[63,78658,193],{"class":116},[63,78660,89],{"class":81},[63,78662,203],{"class":116},[63,78664,427],{"class":120},[63,78666,193],{"class":116},[63,78668,89],{"class":81},[63,78670,203],{"class":116},[63,78672,4428],{"class":120},[63,78674,193],{"class":116},[63,78676,186],{"class":81},[14,78678,78679,78680,821],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78681,78682],{},"key=str.lower",[54,78684,78686],{"className":56,"code":78685,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78687,78688,78720,78742,78746],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78689,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78691,4403],{"class":69},[63,78693,74],{"class":73},[63,78695,1091],{"class":81},[63,78697,117],{"class":116},[63,78699,427],{"class":120},[63,78701,117],{"class":116},[63,78703,89],{"class":81},[63,78705,824],{"class":116},[63,78707,58049],{"class":120},[63,78709,117],{"class":116},[63,78711,89],{"class":81},[63,78713,824],{"class":116},[63,78715,4428],{"class":120},[63,78717,117],{"class":116},[63,78719,186],{"class":81},[63,78721,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78723,4445],{"class":69},[63,78725,259],{"class":81},[63,78727,35093],{"class":145},[63,78729,113],{"class":81},[63,78731,15137],{"class":9491},[63,78733,74],{"class":73},[63,78735,3779],{"class":77},[63,78737,259],{"class":81},[63,78739,8957],{"class":25042},[63,78741,126],{"class":81},[63,78743,78744],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78745,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78747,78748,78750,78752,78754],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78749,140],{"class":139},[63,78751,113],{"class":81},[63,78753,4445],{"class":145},[63,78755,126],{"class":81},[14,78757,163],{},[54,78759,78760],{"className":56,"code":78646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,78761,78762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78763,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78765,173],{"class":81},[63,78767,193],{"class":116},[63,78769,58049],{"class":120},[63,78771,193],{"class":116},[63,78773,89],{"class":81},[63,78775,203],{"class":116},[63,78777,427],{"class":120},[63,78779,193],{"class":116},[63,78781,89],{"class":81},[63,78783,203],{"class":116},[63,78785,4428],{"class":120},[63,78787,193],{"class":116},[63,78789,186],{"class":81},[14,78791,78792,78793,78796],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78794,78795],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[49,78798,36903,78800,36906],{"id":78799},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78801,15137],{},[14,78803,2317,78804,78806],{},[18,78805,15137],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78808,7663],{},[29,78810,78811,78816],{},[32,78812,78813,78815],{},[18,78814,11468],{}," to sort by length",[32,78817,78818,78820],{},[18,78819,78795],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78822,78823],{},"Sort words by length:",[54,78825,78827],{"className":56,"code":78826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78828,78829,78870,78888,78892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78830,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78832,4403],{"class":69},[63,78834,74],{"class":73},[63,78836,1091],{"class":81},[63,78838,117],{"class":116},[63,78840,78841],{"class":120},"pear",[63,78843,117],{"class":116},[63,78845,89],{"class":81},[63,78847,824],{"class":116},[63,78849,427],{"class":120},[63,78851,117],{"class":116},[63,78853,89],{"class":81},[63,78855,824],{"class":116},[63,78857,38648],{"class":120},[63,78859,117],{"class":116},[63,78861,89],{"class":81},[63,78863,824],{"class":116},[63,78865,408],{"class":120},[63,78867,117],{"class":116},[63,78869,186],{"class":81},[63,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78873,4445],{"class":69},[63,78875,259],{"class":81},[63,78877,35093],{"class":145},[63,78879,113],{"class":81},[63,78881,15137],{"class":9491},[63,78883,74],{"class":73},[63,78885,11468],{"class":139},[63,78887,126],{"class":81},[63,78889,78890],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,78891,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,78893,78894,78896,78898,78900],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,78895,140],{"class":139},[63,78897,113],{"class":81},[63,78899,4445],{"class":145},[63,78901,126],{"class":81},[14,78903,163],{},[54,78905,78907],{"className":56,"code":78906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78908,78909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78912,173],{"class":81},[63,78914,193],{"class":116},[63,78916,38648],{"class":120},[63,78918,193],{"class":116},[63,78920,89],{"class":81},[63,78922,203],{"class":116},[63,78924,78841],{"class":120},[63,78926,193],{"class":116},[63,78928,89],{"class":81},[63,78930,203],{"class":116},[63,78932,408],{"class":120},[63,78934,193],{"class":116},[63,78936,89],{"class":81},[63,78938,203],{"class":116},[63,78940,427],{"class":120},[63,78942,193],{"class":116},[63,78944,186],{"class":81},[14,78946,78947],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[54,78949,78951],{"className":56,"code":78950,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78952,78953,78986,79008,79012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,78954,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78982,78984],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,78956,4403],{"class":69},[63,78958,74],{"class":73},[63,78960,1091],{"class":81},[63,78962,117],{"class":116},[63,78964,5343],{"class":120},[63,78966,117],{"class":116},[63,78968,89],{"class":81},[63,78970,824],{"class":116},[63,78972,18100],{"class":120},[63,78974,117],{"class":116},[63,78976,89],{"class":81},[63,78978,824],{"class":116},[63,78980,78981],{"class":120},"Carol",[63,78983,117],{"class":116},[63,78985,186],{"class":81},[63,78987,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,78989,4445],{"class":69},[63,78991,259],{"class":81},[63,78993,35093],{"class":145},[63,78995,113],{"class":81},[63,78997,15137],{"class":9491},[63,78999,74],{"class":73},[63,79001,3779],{"class":77},[63,79003,259],{"class":81},[63,79005,8957],{"class":25042},[63,79007,126],{"class":81},[63,79009,79010],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79011,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79013,79014,79016,79018,79020],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79015,140],{"class":139},[63,79017,113],{"class":81},[63,79019,4445],{"class":145},[63,79021,126],{"class":81},[14,79023,163],{},[54,79025,79027],{"className":56,"code":79026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,79028,79029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79030,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79032,173],{"class":81},[63,79034,193],{"class":116},[63,79036,18100],{"class":120},[63,79038,193],{"class":116},[63,79040,89],{"class":81},[63,79042,203],{"class":116},[63,79044,5343],{"class":120},[63,79046,193],{"class":116},[63,79048,89],{"class":81},[63,79050,203],{"class":116},[63,79052,78981],{"class":120},[63,79054,193],{"class":116},[63,79056,186],{"class":81},[14,79058,2317,79059,79061],{},[18,79060,15137],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[49,79063,79065,10891,79067],{"id":79064},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,79066,77964],{},[18,79068,74521],{},[14,79070,79071,4726,79073,79075],{},[18,79072,77964],{},[18,79074,74521],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79077,79078,821],{},[18,79079,77964],{},[29,79081,79082,79085],{},[32,79083,79084],{},"Changes the existing list",[32,79086,11731,79087],{},[18,79088,4115],{},[14,79090,79091,821],{},[18,79092,74521],{},[29,79094,79095,79098],{},[32,79096,79097],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[32,79099,79100],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79102,2543],{},[54,79104,79106],{"className":56,"code":79105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,79107,79108,79128,79132,79146,79150,79160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79109,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79111,70],{"class":69},[63,79113,74],{"class":73},[63,79115,1091],{"class":81},[63,79117,1248],{"class":85},[63,79119,89],{"class":81},[63,79121,692],{"class":85},[63,79123,89],{"class":81},[63,79125,92],{"class":85},[63,79127,186],{"class":81},[63,79129,79130],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79131,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79135,56175],{"class":69},[63,79137,74],{"class":73},[63,79139,74655],{"class":139},[63,79141,113],{"class":81},[63,79143,146],{"class":145},[63,79145,126],{"class":81},[63,79147,79148],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79149,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79151,79152,79154,79156,79158],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,79153,140],{"class":139},[63,79155,113],{"class":81},[63,79157,146],{"class":145},[63,79159,126],{"class":81},[63,79161,79162,79164,79166,79168],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,79163,140],{"class":139},[63,79165,113],{"class":81},[63,79167,74378],{"class":145},[63,79169,126],{"class":81},[14,79171,163],{},[54,79173,79174],{"className":56,"code":74690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,79175,79176,79192],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79177,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79179,173],{"class":81},[63,79181,1248],{"class":85},[63,79183,89],{"class":81},[63,79185,692],{"class":85},[63,79187,89],{"class":81},[63,79189,92],{"class":85},[63,79191,186],{"class":81},[63,79193,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79195,173],{"class":81},[63,79197,86],{"class":85},[63,79199,89],{"class":81},[63,79201,92],{"class":85},[63,79203,89],{"class":81},[63,79205,97],{"class":85},[63,79207,186],{"class":81},[14,79209,222,79210,79212],{},[18,79211,74521],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79214,79215,79216,4726,79220,259],{},"You can learn more in ",[196,79217,3912,79218,6102],{"href":74618},[18,79219,74521],{},[196,79221,79223],{"href":79222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[49,79225,3167],{"id":3166},[14,79227,79228,79229,259],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,79230,77964],{},[486,79232,12901,79234],{"id":79233},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,79235,1728],{},[14,79237,25981],{},[54,79239,79241],{"className":56,"code":79240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,79242,79243,79263,79277,79281,79291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79244,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79246,70],{"class":69},[63,79248,74],{"class":73},[63,79250,1091],{"class":81},[63,79252,1248],{"class":85},[63,79254,89],{"class":81},[63,79256,692],{"class":85},[63,79258,89],{"class":81},[63,79260,92],{"class":85},[63,79262,186],{"class":81},[63,79264,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79266,851],{"class":69},[63,79268,74],{"class":73},[63,79270,4595],{"class":69},[63,79272,259],{"class":81},[63,79274,35093],{"class":145},[63,79276,279],{"class":81},[63,79278,79279],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79280,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79282,79283,79285,79287,79289],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79284,140],{"class":139},[63,79286,113],{"class":81},[63,79288,875],{"class":145},[63,79290,126],{"class":81},[63,79292,79293,79295,79297,79299],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,79294,140],{"class":139},[63,79296,113],{"class":81},[63,79298,146],{"class":145},[63,79300,126],{"class":81},[14,79302,163],{},[54,79304,79306],{"className":56,"code":79305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,79307,79308,79312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79309,79310],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79311,12117],{"class":1205},[63,79313,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79326],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79315,173],{"class":81},[63,79317,86],{"class":85},[63,79319,89],{"class":81},[63,79321,92],{"class":85},[63,79323,89],{"class":81},[63,79325,97],{"class":85},[63,79327,186],{"class":81},[14,79329,79330,79332,79333,259],{},[18,79331,1728],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,79334,4115],{},[14,79336,79337,79338,6951],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,79339,74521],{},[486,79341,79343],{"id":79342},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79345,79346],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[54,79348,79350],{"className":56,"code":79349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,79351,79352,79377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79353,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79369,79371,79373,79375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79355,342],{"class":69},[63,79357,74],{"class":73},[63,79359,1091],{"class":81},[63,79361,86],{"class":85},[63,79363,89],{"class":81},[63,79365,824],{"class":116},[63,79367,79368],{"class":120},"two",[63,79370,117],{"class":116},[63,79372,89],{"class":81},[63,79374,97],{"class":85},[63,79376,186],{"class":81},[63,79378,79379,79381,79383,79385],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79380,357],{"class":69},[63,79382,259],{"class":81},[63,79384,35093],{"class":145},[63,79386,279],{"class":81},[14,79388,3337,79389,79391],{},[18,79390,1032],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[486,79393,5035,79395,79397],{"id":79394},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,79396,1728],{}," only works on lists",[14,79399,79400,79402],{},[18,79401,1728],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79404,16941],{},[54,79406,79408],{"className":56,"code":79407,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,79409,79410,79422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79411,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79413,34981],{"class":69},[63,79415,74],{"class":73},[63,79417,824],{"class":116},[63,79419,58],{"class":120},[63,79421,3694],{"class":116},[63,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79425,35002],{"class":69},[63,79427,259],{"class":81},[63,79429,35093],{"class":145},[63,79431,279],{"class":81},[14,79433,79434,79435,33893],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,79436,1728],{},[14,79438,79439],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[54,79441,79443],{"className":56,"code":79442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,79444,79445,79463,79473,79477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79446,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79448,106],{"class":69},[63,79450,74],{"class":73},[63,79452,78],{"class":77},[63,79454,113],{"class":81},[63,79456,117],{"class":116},[63,79458,58],{"class":120},[63,79460,117],{"class":116},[63,79462,126],{"class":81},[63,79464,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79466,158],{"class":69},[63,79468,259],{"class":81},[63,79470,35093],{"class":145},[63,79472,279],{"class":81},[63,79474,79475],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79476,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79478,79479,79481,79483,79485],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79480,140],{"class":139},[63,79482,113],{"class":81},[63,79484,158],{"class":145},[63,79486,126],{"class":81},[14,79488,163],{},[54,79490,79492],{"className":56,"code":79491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,79493,79494],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79495,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79497,173],{"class":81},[63,79499,193],{"class":116},[63,79501,985],{"class":120},[63,79503,193],{"class":116},[63,79505,89],{"class":81},[63,79507,203],{"class":116},[63,79509,76127],{"class":120},[63,79511,193],{"class":116},[63,79513,89],{"class":81},[63,79515,203],{"class":116},[63,79517,2049],{"class":120},[63,79519,193],{"class":116},[63,79521,89],{"class":81},[63,79523,203],{"class":116},[63,79525,14],{"class":120},[63,79527,193],{"class":116},[63,79529,89],{"class":81},[63,79531,203],{"class":116},[63,79533,626],{"class":120},[63,79535,193],{"class":116},[63,79537,89],{"class":81},[63,79539,203],{"class":116},[63,79541,12054],{"class":120},[63,79543,193],{"class":116},[63,79545,186],{"class":81},[486,79547,79549,79550,79552],{"id":79548},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,79551,15137],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79554,79555,79556,259],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,79557,15137],{},[14,79559,79560,79561,79563],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,79562,1728],{}," will not do that:",[54,79565,79567],{"className":56,"code":79566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79568,79569,79601,79619,79623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79570,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79572,4403],{"class":69},[63,79574,74],{"class":73},[63,79576,1091],{"class":81},[63,79578,117],{"class":116},[63,79580,427],{"class":120},[63,79582,117],{"class":116},[63,79584,89],{"class":81},[63,79586,824],{"class":116},[63,79588,38648],{"class":120},[63,79590,117],{"class":116},[63,79592,89],{"class":81},[63,79594,824],{"class":116},[63,79596,408],{"class":120},[63,79598,117],{"class":116},[63,79600,186],{"class":81},[63,79602,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79604,4445],{"class":69},[63,79606,259],{"class":81},[63,79608,35093],{"class":145},[63,79610,113],{"class":81},[63,79612,15137],{"class":9491},[63,79614,74],{"class":73},[63,79616,11468],{"class":139},[63,79618,126],{"class":81},[63,79620,79621],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79622,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79626,140],{"class":139},[63,79628,113],{"class":81},[63,79630,4445],{"class":145},[63,79632,126],{"class":81},[486,79634,79636],{"id":79635},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79638,79639],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[54,79641,79643],{"className":56,"code":79642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79644,79645,79679,79689,79693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79646,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79675,79677],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79648,4403],{"class":69},[63,79650,74],{"class":73},[63,79652,1091],{"class":81},[63,79654,117],{"class":116},[63,79656,79657],{"class":120},"zebra",[63,79659,117],{"class":116},[63,79661,89],{"class":81},[63,79663,824],{"class":116},[63,79665,58049],{"class":120},[63,79667,117],{"class":116},[63,79669,89],{"class":81},[63,79671,824],{"class":116},[63,79673,79674],{"class":120},"monkey",[63,79676,117],{"class":116},[63,79678,186],{"class":81},[63,79680,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79682,4445],{"class":69},[63,79684,259],{"class":81},[63,79686,35093],{"class":145},[63,79688,279],{"class":81},[63,79690,79691],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79692,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79696,140],{"class":139},[63,79698,113],{"class":81},[63,79700,4445],{"class":145},[63,79702,126],{"class":81},[14,79704,163],{},[54,79706,79708],{"className":56,"code":79707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79709,79710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79711,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79713,173],{"class":81},[63,79715,193],{"class":116},[63,79717,58049],{"class":120},[63,79719,193],{"class":116},[63,79721,89],{"class":81},[63,79723,203],{"class":116},[63,79725,79674],{"class":120},[63,79727,193],{"class":116},[63,79729,89],{"class":81},[63,79731,203],{"class":116},[63,79733,79657],{"class":120},[63,79735,193],{"class":116},[63,79737,186],{"class":81},[14,79739,222,79740,79742],{},[18,79741,78682],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[486,79744,60983],{"id":60982},[14,79746,79747],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,79749,79751],{"className":56,"code":79750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79752,79753,79763,79777,79791,79805],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79756,140],{"class":139},[63,79758,113],{"class":81},[63,79760,8654],{"class":145},[63,79762,126],{"class":81},[63,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,79766,140],{"class":139},[63,79768,113],{"class":81},[63,79770,3557],{"class":77},[63,79772,113],{"class":81},[63,79774,8654],{"class":145},[63,79776,100],{"class":81},[63,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,79780,140],{"class":139},[63,79782,113],{"class":81},[63,79784,8654],{"class":145},[63,79786,259],{"class":81},[63,79788,35093],{"class":145},[63,79790,7515],{"class":81},[63,79792,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,79794,140],{"class":139},[63,79796,113],{"class":81},[63,79798,74611],{"class":139},[63,79800,113],{"class":81},[63,79802,8654],{"class":145},[63,79804,100],{"class":81},[63,79806,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,79808,140],{"class":139},[63,79810,2071],{"class":81},[63,79812,3557],{"class":77},[63,79814,113],{"class":81},[63,79816,23603],{"class":145},[63,79818,3997],{"class":81},[63,79820,4211],{"class":1155},[63,79822,6280],{"class":145},[63,79824,4217],{"class":1155},[63,79826,8711],{"class":145},[63,79828,2080],{"class":81},[14,79830,11477],{},[29,79832,79833,79836,79839,79846,79852],{},[32,79834,79835],{},"What values are in the list",[32,79837,79838],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[32,79840,79841,79842,2732,79844],{},"That ",[18,79843,1728],{},[18,79845,4115],{},[32,79847,79848,79849,79851],{},"Whether ",[18,79850,74521],{}," works better for your case",[32,79853,79854],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79856,79857,79858,79860],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79859,1032],{}," problems.",[49,79862,2165],{"id":2164},[486,79864,13011,79866,55754],{"id":79865},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79867,77964],{},[14,79869,62875,79870,259],{},[18,79871,4115],{},[486,79873,2169,79875,4726,79877,2827],{"id":79874},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79876,1728],{},[18,79878,74521],{},[14,79880,79881,79883,79884,79886],{},[18,79882,1728],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79885,74521],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[486,79888,79890],{"id":79889},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79892,1937],{},[54,79894,79896],{"className":56,"code":79895,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79897,79898],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79901,8654],{"class":69},[63,79903,259],{"class":81},[63,79905,35093],{"class":145},[63,79907,113],{"class":81},[63,79909,73674],{"class":9491},[63,79911,74],{"class":73},[63,79913,3941],{"class":1205},[63,79915,126],{"class":81},[486,79917,79919],{"id":79918},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79921,1937],{},[54,79923,79925],{"className":56,"code":79924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79926,79927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,79928,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,79930,8654],{"class":69},[63,79932,259],{"class":81},[63,79934,35093],{"class":145},[63,79936,113],{"class":81},[63,79938,15137],{"class":9491},[63,79940,74],{"class":73},[63,79942,3779],{"class":77},[63,79944,259],{"class":81},[63,79946,8957],{"class":25042},[63,79948,126],{"class":81},[14,79950,79951],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[486,79953,79955,79956,79958],{"id":79954},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79957,1032],{}," when sorting?",[14,79960,79961],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[49,79963,2219],{"id":2218},[29,79965,79966,79971,79977,79981],{},[32,79967,79968],{},[196,79969,79970],{"href":78473},"How to sort a list in Python",[32,79972,79973],{},[196,79974,3912,79975,6102],{"href":74618},[18,79976,74521],{},[32,79978,79979],{},[196,79980,67174],{"href":257},[32,79982,79983],{},[196,79984,79223],{"href":79222},[2259,79986,79987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":79989},[79990,79991,79993,79994,79995,79996,79998,80000,80011,80021],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":78030,"depth":103,"text":79992},"What list.sort() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":78285,"depth":103,"text":78286},{"id":78477,"depth":103,"text":78478},{"id":78799,"depth":103,"text":79997},"Using the key argument",{"id":79064,"depth":103,"text":79999},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":80001},[80002,80004,80005,80007,80009,80010],{"id":79233,"depth":129,"text":80003},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79342,"depth":129,"text":79343},{"id":79394,"depth":129,"text":80006},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79548,"depth":129,"text":80008},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79635,"depth":129,"text":79636},{"id":60982,"depth":129,"text":60983},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":80012},[80013,80015,80017,80018,80019],{"id":79865,"depth":129,"text":80014},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79874,"depth":129,"text":80016},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79889,"depth":129,"text":79890},{"id":79918,"depth":129,"text":79919},{"id":79954,"depth":129,"text":80020},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77952,"description":80022},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80029,"title":80030,"body":80031,"description":82662,"extension":2300,"meta":82663,"navigation":132,"path":82664,"seo":82665,"stem":82666,"__hash__":82667},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80032,"toc":82621},[80033,80038,80043,80046,80057,80060,80080,80082,80144,80146,80187,80196,80201,80206,80212,80223,80225,80244,80247,80252,80257,80259,80264,80278,80280,80298,80301,80318,80321,80327,80350,80355,80357,80360,80421,80423,80456,80458,80497,80505,80515,80521,80526,80619,80621,80645,80647,80665,80668,80699,80705,80710,80713,80715,80840,80842,80866,80868,80887,80893,80899,81018,81020,81037,81044,81050,81055,81062,81068,81070,81127,81130,81151,81154,81157,81218,81220,81253,81257,81327,81329,81346,81350,81353,81428,81430,81467,81470,81473,81544,81546,81607,81612,81617,81620,81634,81636,81709,81711,81731,81734,81737,81794,81856,81859,81891,81894,81909,81914,81916,81922,81925,81981,81984,81986,82005,82009,82011,82055,82064,82066,82126,82130,82133,82135,82228,82230,82345,82349,82351,82425,82428,82431,82433,82438,82503,82505,82529,82539,82541,82547,82556,82565,82574,82580,82583,82587,82590,82592,82618],[10,80034,3912,80036,3916],{"id":80035},"python-map-function-explained",[18,80037,40006],{},[14,80039,3919,80040,80042],{},[18,80041,40006],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80044,80045],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[29,80047,80048,80051,80054],{},[32,80049,80050],{},"converting numbers to strings",[32,80052,80053],{},"changing strings to integers",[32,80055,80056],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80058,80059],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[29,80061,80062,80069,80075],{},[32,80063,80064,14352,80066,80068],{},[18,80065,40006],{},[1217,80067,4961],{}," return a list in Python 3",[32,80070,80071,80072],{},"it returns a ",[1217,80073,80074],{},"map object",[32,80076,80077,80078],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,80079,20],{},[49,80081,52],{"id":51},[54,80083,80085],{"className":56,"code":80084,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80086,80087,80111,80130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80088,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80090,70],{"class":69},[63,80092,74],{"class":73},[63,80094,1091],{"class":81},[63,80096,86],{"class":85},[63,80098,89],{"class":81},[63,80100,92],{"class":85},[63,80102,89],{"class":81},[63,80104,97],{"class":85},[63,80106,89],{"class":81},[63,80108,705],{"class":85},[63,80110,186],{"class":81},[63,80112,80113,80115,80117,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,80114,851],{"class":69},[63,80116,74],{"class":73},[63,80118,80119],{"class":139}," map",[63,80121,113],{"class":81},[63,80123,3779],{"class":77},[63,80125,89],{"class":81},[63,80127,4595],{"class":145},[63,80129,126],{"class":81},[63,80131,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,80133,140],{"class":139},[63,80135,113],{"class":81},[63,80137,276],{"class":77},[63,80139,113],{"class":81},[63,80141,875],{"class":145},[63,80143,100],{"class":81},[14,80145,163],{},[54,80147,80149],{"className":56,"code":80148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,80150,80151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80152,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80181,80183,80185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80154,173],{"class":81},[63,80156,193],{"class":116},[63,80158,86],{"class":120},[63,80160,193],{"class":116},[63,80162,89],{"class":81},[63,80164,203],{"class":116},[63,80166,2394],{"class":120},[63,80168,193],{"class":116},[63,80170,89],{"class":81},[63,80172,203],{"class":116},[63,80174,1248],{"class":120},[63,80176,193],{"class":116},[63,80178,89],{"class":81},[63,80180,203],{"class":116},[63,80182,2840],{"class":120},[63,80184,193],{"class":116},[63,80186,186],{"class":81},[14,80188,222,80189,80192,80193,80195],{},[18,80190,80191],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,80194,20],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[49,80197,4014,80199,4017],{"id":80198},"what-map-does",[18,80200,40006],{},[14,80202,80203,80205],{},[18,80204,40006],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80207,80208,80209,80211],{},"An ",[1217,80210,288],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[29,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220],{},[32,80215,38192],{},[32,80217,38195],{},[32,80219,38198],{},[32,80221,80222],{},"a range object",[14,80224,31016],{},[54,80226,80228],{"className":56,"code":80227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,80229,80230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80231,80232,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80233,40149],{"class":139},[63,80235,113],{"class":81},[63,80237,38151],{"class":145},[63,80239,89],{"class":81},[63,80241,38156],{"class":145},[63,80243,126],{"class":81},[14,80245,80246],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80248,80249,80250,34034],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1217,80251,80074],{},[14,80253,80254,80255,259],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[196,80256,1060],{"href":5463},[49,80258,263],{"id":262},[14,80260,80261,80263],{},[18,80262,40006],{}," needs at least two parts:",[29,80265,80266,80272],{},[32,80267,80268,80271],{},[1217,80269,80270],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[32,80273,80274,80277],{},[1217,80275,80276],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80279,4043],{},[54,80281,80282],{"className":56,"code":80227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,80283,80284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80285,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80287,40149],{"class":139},[63,80289,113],{"class":81},[63,80291,38151],{"class":145},[63,80293,89],{"class":81},[63,80295,38156],{"class":145},[63,80297,126],{"class":81},[14,80299,80300],{},"You can pass:",[29,80302,80303,80312,80315],{},[32,80304,80305,80306,2524,80308,2528,80310],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,80307,3779],{},[18,80309,1039],{},[18,80311,2354],{},[32,80313,80314],{},"your own custom function",[32,80316,80317],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80319,80320],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80322,80323,80324,80326],{},"You will often see ",[18,80325,40006],{}," used like this:",[54,80328,80330],{"className":56,"code":80329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,80331,80332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80333,80334,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80335,276],{"class":77},[63,80337,113],{"class":81},[63,80339,40149],{"class":139},[63,80341,113],{"class":81},[63,80343,38151],{"class":145},[63,80345,89],{"class":81},[63,80347,4220],{"class":145},[63,80349,100],{"class":81},[14,80351,6997,80352,80354],{},[18,80353,20],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[49,80356,11783],{"id":11782},[14,80358,80359],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[54,80361,80363],{"className":56,"code":80362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80364,80365,80385,80403,80407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80366,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80368,70],{"class":69},[63,80370,74],{"class":73},[63,80372,1091],{"class":81},[63,80374,741],{"class":85},[63,80376,89],{"class":81},[63,80378,746],{"class":85},[63,80380,89],{"class":81},[63,80382,751],{"class":85},[63,80384,186],{"class":81},[63,80386,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,80388,851],{"class":69},[63,80390,74],{"class":73},[63,80392,80119],{"class":139},[63,80394,113],{"class":81},[63,80396,3779],{"class":77},[63,80398,89],{"class":81},[63,80400,4595],{"class":145},[63,80402,126],{"class":81},[63,80404,80405],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,80406,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80408,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,80410,140],{"class":139},[63,80412,113],{"class":81},[63,80414,276],{"class":77},[63,80416,113],{"class":81},[63,80418,875],{"class":145},[63,80420,100],{"class":81},[14,80422,163],{},[54,80424,80426],{"className":56,"code":80425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,80427,80428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80429,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80431,173],{"class":81},[63,80433,193],{"class":116},[63,80435,741],{"class":120},[63,80437,193],{"class":116},[63,80439,89],{"class":81},[63,80441,203],{"class":116},[63,80443,16051],{"class":120},[63,80445,193],{"class":116},[63,80447,89],{"class":81},[63,80449,203],{"class":116},[63,80451,37132],{"class":120},[63,80453,193],{"class":116},[63,80455,186],{"class":81},[14,80457,11992],{},[29,80459,80460,80465,80473,80481,80489],{},[32,80461,80462,80464],{},[18,80463,146],{}," contains integers",[32,80466,80467,80470,80471],{},[18,80468,80469],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,80472,47975],{},[32,80474,80475,42445,80478],{},[18,80476,80477],{},"str(10)",[18,80479,80480],{},"'10'",[32,80482,80483,42445,80486],{},[18,80484,80485],{},"str(20)",[18,80487,80488],{},"'20'",[32,80490,80491,42445,80494],{},[18,80492,80493],{},"str(30)",[18,80495,80496],{},"'30'",[14,80498,53940,80499,80501,80502,80504],{},[18,80500,40006],{}," applies ",[18,80503,47975],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80506,80507,80508,80510,80511,259],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,80509,20],{}," better, see ",[196,80512,3912,80513,3845],{"href":2302},[18,80514,20],{},[49,80516,8733,80518,80520],{"id":80517},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,80519,40006],{}," with your own function",[14,80522,16011,80523,80525],{},[18,80524,40006],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[54,80527,80529],{"className":56,"code":80528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80530,80531,80544,80554,80558,80582,80601,80605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80532,80533,80535,80538,80540,80542],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80534,35145],{"class":2402},[63,80536,80537],{"class":35148}," double",[63,80539,113],{"class":81},[63,80541,2509],{"class":37953},[63,80543,8657],{"class":81},[63,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,80547,35156],{"class":1155},[63,80549,4214],{"class":69},[63,80551,40162],{"class":73},[63,80553,45881],{"class":85},[63,80555,80556],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,80557,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,80561,70],{"class":69},[63,80563,74],{"class":73},[63,80565,1091],{"class":81},[63,80567,86],{"class":85},[63,80569,89],{"class":81},[63,80571,92],{"class":85},[63,80573,89],{"class":81},[63,80575,97],{"class":85},[63,80577,89],{"class":81},[63,80579,705],{"class":85},[63,80581,186],{"class":81},[63,80583,80584,80586,80588,80590,80592,80595,80597,80599],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,80585,851],{"class":69},[63,80587,74],{"class":73},[63,80589,80119],{"class":139},[63,80591,113],{"class":81},[63,80593,80594],{"class":145},"double",[63,80596,89],{"class":81},[63,80598,4595],{"class":145},[63,80600,126],{"class":81},[63,80602,80603],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,80604,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80606,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,80608,140],{"class":139},[63,80610,113],{"class":81},[63,80612,276],{"class":77},[63,80614,113],{"class":81},[63,80616,875],{"class":145},[63,80618,100],{"class":81},[14,80620,163],{},[54,80622,80623],{"className":56,"code":40175,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,80624,80625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80626,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80628,173],{"class":81},[63,80630,2394],{"class":85},[63,80632,89],{"class":81},[63,80634,705],{"class":85},[63,80636,89],{"class":81},[63,80638,37934],{"class":85},[63,80640,89],{"class":81},[63,80642,6679],{"class":85},[63,80644,186],{"class":81},[14,80646,65681],{},[29,80648,80649,80656,80662],{},[32,80650,80651,80653,80654],{},[18,80652,40006],{}," takes the function ",[18,80655,80594],{},[32,80657,80658,80659,80661],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80660,146],{}," into that function",[32,80663,80664],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80666,80667],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[29,80669,80670,80677,80684,80692],{},[32,80671,80672,6392,80675],{},[18,80673,80674],{},"double(1)",[18,80676,2394],{},[32,80678,80679,6392,80682],{},[18,80680,80681],{},"double(2)",[18,80683,2840],{},[32,80685,80686,6392,80689],{},[18,80687,80688],{},"double(3)",[18,80690,80691],{},"6",[32,80693,80694,6392,80697],{},[18,80695,80696],{},"double(4)",[18,80698,2680],{},[49,80700,8733,80702,80704],{"id":80701},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80703,40006],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80706,80707,80709],{},[18,80708,40006],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80711,80712],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80714,2543],{},[54,80716,80718],{"className":56,"code":80717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80719,80720,80737,80747,80751,80772,80793,80797,80822,80826],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80721,80722,80724,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80723,35145],{"class":2402},[63,80725,80726],{"class":35148}," add_numbers",[63,80728,113],{"class":81},[63,80730,196],{"class":37953},[63,80732,89],{"class":81},[63,80734,2895],{"class":37953},[63,80736,8657],{"class":81},[63,80738,80739,80741,80743,80745],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,80740,35156],{"class":1155},[63,80742,44836],{"class":69},[63,80744,2397],{"class":73},[63,80746,36474],{"class":69},[63,80748,80749],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,80750,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80752,80753,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,80754,80755],{"class":69},"list1 ",[63,80757,74],{"class":73},[63,80759,1091],{"class":81},[63,80761,86],{"class":85},[63,80763,89],{"class":81},[63,80765,92],{"class":85},[63,80767,89],{"class":81},[63,80769,97],{"class":85},[63,80771,186],{"class":81},[63,80773,80774,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,80775,80776],{"class":69},"list2 ",[63,80778,74],{"class":73},[63,80780,1091],{"class":81},[63,80782,741],{"class":85},[63,80784,89],{"class":81},[63,80786,746],{"class":85},[63,80788,89],{"class":81},[63,80790,751],{"class":85},[63,80792,186],{"class":81},[63,80794,80795],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,80796,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80798,80799,80801,80803,80805,80807,80810,80812,80815,80817,80820],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,80800,851],{"class":69},[63,80802,74],{"class":73},[63,80804,80119],{"class":139},[63,80806,113],{"class":81},[63,80808,80809],{"class":145},"add_numbers",[63,80811,89],{"class":81},[63,80813,80814],{"class":145}," list1",[63,80816,89],{"class":81},[63,80818,80819],{"class":145}," list2",[63,80821,126],{"class":81},[63,80823,80824],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,80825,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80827,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,80829,140],{"class":139},[63,80831,113],{"class":81},[63,80833,276],{"class":77},[63,80835,113],{"class":81},[63,80837,875],{"class":145},[63,80839,100],{"class":81},[14,80841,163],{},[54,80843,80845],{"className":56,"code":80844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80846,80847],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80848,80849,80851,80854,80856,80859,80861,80864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80850,173],{"class":81},[63,80852,80853],{"class":85},"11",[63,80855,89],{"class":81},[63,80857,80858],{"class":85}," 22",[63,80860,89],{"class":81},[63,80862,80863],{"class":85}," 33",[63,80865,186],{"class":81},[14,80867,2514],{},[29,80869,80870,80876,80882],{},[32,80871,80872,80873],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80874,80875],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[32,80877,80878,80879],{},"then ",[18,80880,80881],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[32,80883,80878,80884],{},[18,80885,80886],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[486,80888,80890,80892],{"id":80889},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80891,40006],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80894,80895,80896,80898],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80897,40006],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[54,80900,80902],{"className":56,"code":80901,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80903,80904,80920,80930,80934,80958,80974,80978,81000,81004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,80905,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,80907,35145],{"class":2402},[63,80909,80726],{"class":35148},[63,80911,113],{"class":81},[63,80913,196],{"class":37953},[63,80915,89],{"class":81},[63,80917,2895],{"class":37953},[63,80919,8657],{"class":81},[63,80921,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,80923,35156],{"class":1155},[63,80925,44836],{"class":69},[63,80927,2397],{"class":73},[63,80929,36474],{"class":69},[63,80931,80932],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,80933,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80935,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,80937,80755],{"class":69},[63,80939,74],{"class":73},[63,80941,1091],{"class":81},[63,80943,86],{"class":85},[63,80945,89],{"class":81},[63,80947,92],{"class":85},[63,80949,89],{"class":81},[63,80951,97],{"class":85},[63,80953,89],{"class":81},[63,80955,705],{"class":85},[63,80957,186],{"class":81},[63,80959,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,80961,80776],{"class":69},[63,80963,74],{"class":73},[63,80965,1091],{"class":81},[63,80967,741],{"class":85},[63,80969,89],{"class":81},[63,80971,746],{"class":85},[63,80973,186],{"class":81},[63,80975,80976],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,80977,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,80979,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,80981,851],{"class":69},[63,80983,74],{"class":73},[63,80985,80119],{"class":139},[63,80987,113],{"class":81},[63,80989,80809],{"class":145},[63,80991,89],{"class":81},[63,80993,80814],{"class":145},[63,80995,89],{"class":81},[63,80997,80819],{"class":145},[63,80999,126],{"class":81},[63,81001,81002],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,81003,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,81007,140],{"class":139},[63,81009,113],{"class":81},[63,81011,276],{"class":77},[63,81013,113],{"class":81},[63,81015,875],{"class":145},[63,81017,100],{"class":81},[14,81019,163],{},[54,81021,81023],{"className":56,"code":81022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22]\n",[18,81024,81025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81026,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81028,173],{"class":81},[63,81030,80853],{"class":85},[63,81032,89],{"class":81},[63,81034,80858],{"class":85},[63,81036,186],{"class":81},[14,81038,81039,81040,81043],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,81041,81042],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[49,81045,81047,81049],{"id":81046},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,81048,40006],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81051,38314,81052,81054],{},[18,81053,40006],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81056,81057,81058,81061],{},"This object is ",[1217,81059,81060],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[486,81063,2823,81065,81067],{"id":81064},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,81066,33319],{}," looks strange",[14,81069,33935],{},[54,81071,81073],{"className":56,"code":81072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,81074,81075,81095,81113,81117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81076,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81078,70],{"class":69},[63,81080,74],{"class":73},[63,81082,1091],{"class":81},[63,81084,86],{"class":85},[63,81086,89],{"class":81},[63,81088,92],{"class":85},[63,81090,89],{"class":81},[63,81092,97],{"class":85},[63,81094,186],{"class":81},[63,81096,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81098,851],{"class":69},[63,81100,74],{"class":73},[63,81102,80119],{"class":139},[63,81104,113],{"class":81},[63,81106,3779],{"class":77},[63,81108,89],{"class":81},[63,81110,4595],{"class":145},[63,81112,126],{"class":81},[63,81114,81115],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81116,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81118,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81120,140],{"class":139},[63,81122,113],{"class":81},[63,81124,875],{"class":145},[63,81126,126],{"class":81},[14,81128,81129],{},"Output will look something like this:",[54,81131,81133],{"className":56,"code":81132,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,81134,81135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81136,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81138,3626],{"class":73},[63,81140,40149],{"class":139},[63,81142,1044],{"class":77},[63,81144,37654],{"class":69},[63,81146,37658],{"class":37657},[63,81148,37661],{"class":34746},[63,81150,3638],{"class":73},[14,81152,81153],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81155,81156],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[54,81158,81160],{"className":56,"code":81159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81161,81162,81182,81200,81204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81163,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81165,70],{"class":69},[63,81167,74],{"class":73},[63,81169,1091],{"class":81},[63,81171,86],{"class":85},[63,81173,89],{"class":81},[63,81175,92],{"class":85},[63,81177,89],{"class":81},[63,81179,97],{"class":85},[63,81181,186],{"class":81},[63,81183,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81185,851],{"class":69},[63,81187,74],{"class":73},[63,81189,80119],{"class":139},[63,81191,113],{"class":81},[63,81193,3779],{"class":77},[63,81195,89],{"class":81},[63,81197,4595],{"class":145},[63,81199,126],{"class":81},[63,81201,81202],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81203,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81205,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81207,140],{"class":139},[63,81209,113],{"class":81},[63,81211,276],{"class":77},[63,81213,113],{"class":81},[63,81215,875],{"class":145},[63,81217,100],{"class":81},[14,81219,163],{},[54,81221,81223],{"className":56,"code":81222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81224,81225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81226,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81228,173],{"class":81},[63,81230,193],{"class":116},[63,81232,86],{"class":120},[63,81234,193],{"class":116},[63,81236,89],{"class":81},[63,81238,203],{"class":116},[63,81240,2394],{"class":120},[63,81242,193],{"class":116},[63,81244,89],{"class":81},[63,81246,203],{"class":116},[63,81248,1248],{"class":120},[63,81250,193],{"class":116},[63,81252,186],{"class":81},[486,81254,81256],{"id":81255},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[54,81258,81260],{"className":56,"code":81259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81261,81262,81282,81300,81304,81317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81263,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81265,70],{"class":69},[63,81267,74],{"class":73},[63,81269,1091],{"class":81},[63,81271,86],{"class":85},[63,81273,89],{"class":81},[63,81275,92],{"class":85},[63,81277,89],{"class":81},[63,81279,97],{"class":85},[63,81281,186],{"class":81},[63,81283,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81285,851],{"class":69},[63,81287,74],{"class":73},[63,81289,80119],{"class":139},[63,81291,113],{"class":81},[63,81293,3779],{"class":77},[63,81295,89],{"class":81},[63,81297,4595],{"class":145},[63,81299,126],{"class":81},[63,81301,81302],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81303,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81305,81306,81308,81310,81312,81315],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81307,6277],{"class":1155},[63,81309,6280],{"class":69},[63,81311,4217],{"class":1155},[63,81313,81314],{"class":69}," result",[63,81316,6713],{"class":81},[63,81318,81319,81321,81323,81325],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,81320,8386],{"class":139},[63,81322,113],{"class":81},[63,81324,23603],{"class":145},[63,81326,126],{"class":81},[14,81328,163],{},[54,81330,81332],{"className":56,"code":81331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,81333,81334,81338,81342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81335,81336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81337,47208],{"class":85},[63,81339,81340],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81341,17353],{"class":85},[63,81343,81344],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81345,46908],{"class":85},[486,81347,81349],{"id":81348},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81351,81352],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[54,81354,81356],{"className":56,"code":81355,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81357,81358,81378,81396,81400,81414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81361,70],{"class":69},[63,81363,74],{"class":73},[63,81365,1091],{"class":81},[63,81367,86],{"class":85},[63,81369,89],{"class":81},[63,81371,92],{"class":85},[63,81373,89],{"class":81},[63,81375,97],{"class":85},[63,81377,186],{"class":81},[63,81379,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81381,851],{"class":69},[63,81383,74],{"class":73},[63,81385,80119],{"class":139},[63,81387,113],{"class":81},[63,81389,3779],{"class":77},[63,81391,89],{"class":81},[63,81393,4595],{"class":145},[63,81395,126],{"class":81},[63,81397,81398],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81399,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81401,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81403,140],{"class":139},[63,81405,113],{"class":81},[63,81407,276],{"class":77},[63,81409,113],{"class":81},[63,81411,875],{"class":145},[63,81413,100],{"class":81},[63,81415,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,81417,140],{"class":139},[63,81419,113],{"class":81},[63,81421,276],{"class":77},[63,81423,113],{"class":81},[63,81425,875],{"class":145},[63,81427,100],{"class":81},[14,81429,163],{},[54,81431,81433],{"className":56,"code":81432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,81434,81435,81463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81436,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81438,173],{"class":81},[63,81440,193],{"class":116},[63,81442,86],{"class":120},[63,81444,193],{"class":116},[63,81446,89],{"class":81},[63,81448,203],{"class":116},[63,81450,2394],{"class":120},[63,81452,193],{"class":116},[63,81454,89],{"class":81},[63,81456,203],{"class":116},[63,81458,1248],{"class":120},[63,81460,193],{"class":116},[63,81462,186],{"class":81},[63,81464,81465],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81466,364],{"class":81},[14,81468,81469],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81471,81472],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[54,81474,81476],{"className":56,"code":81475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,81477,81478,81498,81520,81524,81534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81479,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81481,70],{"class":69},[63,81483,74],{"class":73},[63,81485,1091],{"class":81},[63,81487,86],{"class":85},[63,81489,89],{"class":81},[63,81491,92],{"class":85},[63,81493,89],{"class":81},[63,81495,97],{"class":85},[63,81497,186],{"class":81},[63,81499,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81501,851],{"class":69},[63,81503,74],{"class":73},[63,81505,78],{"class":77},[63,81507,113],{"class":81},[63,81509,40149],{"class":139},[63,81511,113],{"class":81},[63,81513,3779],{"class":77},[63,81515,89],{"class":81},[63,81517,4595],{"class":145},[63,81519,100],{"class":81},[63,81521,81522],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81523,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81527,140],{"class":139},[63,81529,113],{"class":81},[63,81531,875],{"class":145},[63,81533,126],{"class":81},[63,81535,81536,81538,81540,81542],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,81537,140],{"class":139},[63,81539,113],{"class":81},[63,81541,875],{"class":145},[63,81543,126],{"class":81},[14,81545,163],{},[54,81547,81549],{"className":56,"code":81548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,81550,81551,81579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81554,173],{"class":81},[63,81556,193],{"class":116},[63,81558,86],{"class":120},[63,81560,193],{"class":116},[63,81562,89],{"class":81},[63,81564,203],{"class":116},[63,81566,2394],{"class":120},[63,81568,193],{"class":116},[63,81570,89],{"class":81},[63,81572,203],{"class":116},[63,81574,1248],{"class":120},[63,81576,193],{"class":116},[63,81578,186],{"class":81},[63,81580,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81582,173],{"class":81},[63,81584,193],{"class":116},[63,81586,86],{"class":120},[63,81588,193],{"class":116},[63,81590,89],{"class":81},[63,81592,203],{"class":116},[63,81594,2394],{"class":120},[63,81596,193],{"class":116},[63,81598,89],{"class":81},[63,81600,203],{"class":116},[63,81602,1248],{"class":120},[63,81604,193],{"class":116},[63,81606,186],{"class":81},[49,81608,5292,81610],{"id":81609},"when-to-use-map",[18,81611,40006],{},[14,81613,81614,81616],{},[18,81615,40006],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81618,81619],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[29,81621,81622,81626,81630],{},[32,81623,81624],{},[18,81625,3779],{},[32,81627,81628],{},[18,81629,1039],{},[32,81631,81632],{},[18,81633,2354],{},[14,81635,2543],{},[54,81637,81639],{"className":56,"code":81638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81640,81641,81673,81695,81699],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81644,731],{"class":69},[63,81646,74],{"class":73},[63,81648,1091],{"class":81},[63,81650,193],{"class":116},[63,81652,86],{"class":120},[63,81654,193],{"class":116},[63,81656,89],{"class":81},[63,81658,203],{"class":116},[63,81660,2394],{"class":120},[63,81662,193],{"class":116},[63,81664,89],{"class":81},[63,81666,203],{"class":116},[63,81668,1248],{"class":120},[63,81670,193],{"class":116},[63,81672,186],{"class":81},[63,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81676,70],{"class":69},[63,81678,74],{"class":73},[63,81680,78],{"class":77},[63,81682,113],{"class":81},[63,81684,40149],{"class":139},[63,81686,113],{"class":81},[63,81688,1039],{"class":77},[63,81690,89],{"class":81},[63,81692,4220],{"class":145},[63,81694,100],{"class":81},[63,81696,81697],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81698,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81700,81701,81703,81705,81707],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81702,140],{"class":139},[63,81704,113],{"class":81},[63,81706,146],{"class":145},[63,81708,126],{"class":81},[14,81710,163],{},[54,81712,81713],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,81714,81715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81716,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81718,173],{"class":81},[63,81720,86],{"class":85},[63,81722,89],{"class":81},[63,81724,92],{"class":85},[63,81726,89],{"class":81},[63,81728,97],{"class":85},[63,81730,186],{"class":81},[14,81732,81733],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81735,81736],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[54,81738,81740],{"className":56,"code":81739,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81741,81742,81762,81784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81743,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81745,70],{"class":69},[63,81747,74],{"class":73},[63,81749,1091],{"class":81},[63,81751,86],{"class":85},[63,81753,89],{"class":81},[63,81755,92],{"class":85},[63,81757,89],{"class":81},[63,81759,97],{"class":85},[63,81761,186],{"class":81},[63,81763,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81765,851],{"class":69},[63,81767,74],{"class":73},[63,81769,78],{"class":77},[63,81771,113],{"class":81},[63,81773,40149],{"class":139},[63,81775,113],{"class":81},[63,81777,3779],{"class":77},[63,81779,89],{"class":81},[63,81781,4595],{"class":145},[63,81783,100],{"class":81},[63,81785,81786,81788,81790,81792],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81787,140],{"class":139},[63,81789,113],{"class":81},[63,81791,875],{"class":145},[63,81793,126],{"class":81},[54,81795,81797],{"className":56,"code":81796,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81798,81799,81819,81846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81800,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81802,70],{"class":69},[63,81804,74],{"class":73},[63,81806,1091],{"class":81},[63,81808,86],{"class":85},[63,81810,89],{"class":81},[63,81812,92],{"class":85},[63,81814,89],{"class":81},[63,81816,97],{"class":85},[63,81818,186],{"class":81},[63,81820,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833,81835,81837,81840,81842,81844],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81822,851],{"class":69},[63,81824,74],{"class":73},[63,81826,1091],{"class":81},[63,81828,3779],{"class":77},[63,81830,113],{"class":81},[63,81832,76127],{"class":145},[63,81834,3997],{"class":81},[63,81836,4211],{"class":1155},[63,81838,81839],{"class":69}," n ",[63,81841,4217],{"class":1155},[63,81843,4595],{"class":69},[63,81845,186],{"class":81},[63,81847,81848,81850,81852,81854],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81849,140],{"class":139},[63,81851,113],{"class":81},[63,81853,875],{"class":145},[63,81855,126],{"class":81},[14,81857,81858],{},"Both produce:",[54,81860,81861],{"className":56,"code":81222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,81862,81863],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81864,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887,81889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81866,173],{"class":81},[63,81868,193],{"class":116},[63,81870,86],{"class":120},[63,81872,193],{"class":116},[63,81874,89],{"class":81},[63,81876,203],{"class":116},[63,81878,2394],{"class":120},[63,81880,193],{"class":116},[63,81882,89],{"class":81},[63,81884,203],{"class":116},[63,81886,1248],{"class":120},[63,81888,193],{"class":116},[63,81890,186],{"class":81},[14,81892,81893],{},"A simple rule:",[29,81895,81896,81901,81906],{},[32,81897,40280,81898,81900],{},[18,81899,40006],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[32,81902,40286,81903,81905],{},[18,81904,6277],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[32,81907,81908],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81910,81911,81912,259],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[196,81913,4725],{"href":4724},[49,81915,1888],{"id":1887},[486,81917,81919,81920],{"id":81918},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81921,20],{},[14,81923,81924],{},"This is very common:",[54,81926,81927],{"className":56,"code":81072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,81928,81929,81949,81967,81971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81930,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81932,70],{"class":69},[63,81934,74],{"class":73},[63,81936,1091],{"class":81},[63,81938,86],{"class":85},[63,81940,89],{"class":81},[63,81942,92],{"class":85},[63,81944,89],{"class":81},[63,81946,97],{"class":85},[63,81948,186],{"class":81},[63,81950,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,81952,851],{"class":69},[63,81954,74],{"class":73},[63,81956,80119],{"class":139},[63,81958,113],{"class":81},[63,81960,3779],{"class":77},[63,81962,89],{"class":81},[63,81964,4595],{"class":145},[63,81966,126],{"class":81},[63,81968,81969],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,81970,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,81972,81973,81975,81977,81979],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,81974,140],{"class":139},[63,81976,113],{"class":81},[63,81978,875],{"class":145},[63,81980,126],{"class":81},[14,81982,81983],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81985,39551],{},[54,81987,81989],{"className":56,"code":81988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81990,81991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,81994,140],{"class":139},[63,81996,113],{"class":81},[63,81998,276],{"class":77},[63,82000,113],{"class":81},[63,82002,875],{"class":145},[63,82004,100],{"class":81},[486,82006,82008],{"id":82007},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82010,16941],{},[54,82012,82014],{"className":56,"code":82013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,82015,82016,82036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82017,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82019,70],{"class":69},[63,82021,74],{"class":73},[63,82023,1091],{"class":81},[63,82025,86],{"class":85},[63,82027,89],{"class":81},[63,82029,92],{"class":85},[63,82031,89],{"class":81},[63,82033,97],{"class":85},[63,82035,186],{"class":81},[63,82037,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82051,82053],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82039,851],{"class":69},[63,82041,74],{"class":73},[63,82043,80119],{"class":139},[63,82045,113],{"class":81},[63,82047,3779],{"class":77},[63,82049,82050],{"class":81},"(),",[63,82052,4595],{"class":145},[63,82054,126],{"class":81},[14,82056,82057,82058,82060,82061,82063],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,82059,47975],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,82062,40006],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82065,16953],{},[54,82067,82068],{"className":56,"code":81159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,82069,82070,82090,82108,82112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82073,70],{"class":69},[63,82075,74],{"class":73},[63,82077,1091],{"class":81},[63,82079,86],{"class":85},[63,82081,89],{"class":81},[63,82083,92],{"class":85},[63,82085,89],{"class":81},[63,82087,97],{"class":85},[63,82089,186],{"class":81},[63,82091,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82093,851],{"class":69},[63,82095,74],{"class":73},[63,82097,80119],{"class":139},[63,82099,113],{"class":81},[63,82101,3779],{"class":77},[63,82103,89],{"class":81},[63,82105,4595],{"class":145},[63,82107,126],{"class":81},[63,82109,82110],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82111,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82113,82114,82116,82118,82120,82122,82124],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82115,140],{"class":139},[63,82117,113],{"class":81},[63,82119,276],{"class":77},[63,82121,113],{"class":81},[63,82123,875],{"class":145},[63,82125,100],{"class":81},[486,82127,82129],{"id":82128},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82131,82132],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82134,16941],{},[54,82136,82138],{"className":56,"code":82137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82139,82140,82157,82167,82171,82191,82210,82214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82141,82142,82144,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82143,35145],{"class":2402},[63,82145,82146],{"class":35148}," add",[63,82148,113],{"class":81},[63,82150,196],{"class":37953},[63,82152,89],{"class":81},[63,82154,2895],{"class":37953},[63,82156,8657],{"class":81},[63,82158,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82160,35156],{"class":1155},[63,82162,44836],{"class":69},[63,82164,2397],{"class":73},[63,82166,36474],{"class":69},[63,82168,82169],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82170,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82172,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82174,70],{"class":69},[63,82176,74],{"class":73},[63,82178,1091],{"class":81},[63,82180,86],{"class":85},[63,82182,89],{"class":81},[63,82184,92],{"class":85},[63,82186,89],{"class":81},[63,82188,97],{"class":85},[63,82190,186],{"class":81},[63,82192,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82204,82206,82208],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82194,851],{"class":69},[63,82196,74],{"class":73},[63,82198,80119],{"class":139},[63,82200,113],{"class":81},[63,82202,82203],{"class":145},"add",[63,82205,89],{"class":81},[63,82207,4595],{"class":145},[63,82209,126],{"class":81},[63,82211,82212],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,82213,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82215,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,82217,140],{"class":139},[63,82219,113],{"class":81},[63,82221,276],{"class":77},[63,82223,113],{"class":81},[63,82225,875],{"class":145},[63,82227,100],{"class":81},[14,82229,16953],{},[54,82231,82233],{"className":56,"code":82232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,82234,82235,82251,82261,82265,82285,82305,82327,82331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82236,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82238,35145],{"class":2402},[63,82240,82146],{"class":35148},[63,82242,113],{"class":81},[63,82244,196],{"class":37953},[63,82246,89],{"class":81},[63,82248,2895],{"class":37953},[63,82250,8657],{"class":81},[63,82252,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82254,35156],{"class":1155},[63,82256,44836],{"class":69},[63,82258,2397],{"class":73},[63,82260,36474],{"class":69},[63,82262,82263],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82264,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82266,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82268,80755],{"class":69},[63,82270,74],{"class":73},[63,82272,1091],{"class":81},[63,82274,86],{"class":85},[63,82276,89],{"class":81},[63,82278,92],{"class":85},[63,82280,89],{"class":81},[63,82282,97],{"class":85},[63,82284,186],{"class":81},[63,82286,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82288,80776],{"class":69},[63,82290,74],{"class":73},[63,82292,1091],{"class":81},[63,82294,741],{"class":85},[63,82296,89],{"class":81},[63,82298,746],{"class":85},[63,82300,89],{"class":81},[63,82302,751],{"class":85},[63,82304,186],{"class":81},[63,82306,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,82308,851],{"class":69},[63,82310,74],{"class":73},[63,82312,80119],{"class":139},[63,82314,113],{"class":81},[63,82316,82203],{"class":145},[63,82318,89],{"class":81},[63,82320,80814],{"class":145},[63,82322,89],{"class":81},[63,82324,80819],{"class":145},[63,82326,126],{"class":81},[63,82328,82329],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,82330,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,82334,140],{"class":139},[63,82336,113],{"class":81},[63,82338,276],{"class":77},[63,82340,113],{"class":81},[63,82342,875],{"class":145},[63,82344,100],{"class":81},[486,82346,82348],{"id":82347},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82350,16941],{},[54,82352,82353],{"className":56,"code":81355,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,82354,82355,82375,82393,82397,82411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82356,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82358,70],{"class":69},[63,82360,74],{"class":73},[63,82362,1091],{"class":81},[63,82364,86],{"class":85},[63,82366,89],{"class":81},[63,82368,92],{"class":85},[63,82370,89],{"class":81},[63,82372,97],{"class":85},[63,82374,186],{"class":81},[63,82376,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82378,851],{"class":69},[63,82380,74],{"class":73},[63,82382,80119],{"class":139},[63,82384,113],{"class":81},[63,82386,3779],{"class":77},[63,82388,89],{"class":81},[63,82390,4595],{"class":145},[63,82392,126],{"class":81},[63,82394,82395],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82396,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82398,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82400,140],{"class":139},[63,82402,113],{"class":81},[63,82404,276],{"class":77},[63,82406,113],{"class":81},[63,82408,875],{"class":145},[63,82410,100],{"class":81},[63,82412,82413,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82414,140],{"class":139},[63,82416,113],{"class":81},[63,82418,276],{"class":77},[63,82420,113],{"class":81},[63,82422,875],{"class":145},[63,82424,100],{"class":81},[14,82426,82427],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82429,82430],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[49,82432,67992],{"id":67991},[14,82434,9192,82435,82437],{},[18,82436,40006],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,82439,82441],{"className":56,"code":82440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,82442,82443,82453,82467,82481,82493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82446,140],{"class":139},[63,82448,113],{"class":81},[63,82450,875],{"class":145},[63,82452,126],{"class":81},[63,82454,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82456,140],{"class":139},[63,82458,113],{"class":81},[63,82460,276],{"class":77},[63,82462,113],{"class":81},[63,82464,875],{"class":145},[63,82466,100],{"class":81},[63,82468,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82470,140],{"class":139},[63,82472,113],{"class":81},[63,82474,3557],{"class":77},[63,82476,113],{"class":81},[63,82478,875],{"class":145},[63,82480,100],{"class":81},[63,82482,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82484,6277],{"class":1155},[63,82486,6280],{"class":69},[63,82488,4217],{"class":1155},[63,82490,81314],{"class":69},[63,82492,6713],{"class":81},[63,82494,82495,82497,82499,82501],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82496,8386],{"class":139},[63,82498,113],{"class":81},[63,82500,23603],{"class":145},[63,82502,126],{"class":81},[14,82504,12979],{},[29,82506,82507,82512,82517,82523],{},[32,82508,82509,82511],{},[18,82510,33319],{}," shows that you have a map object",[32,82513,82514,82516],{},[18,82515,33327],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[32,82518,82519,82522],{},[18,82520,82521],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[32,82524,82525,82526,82528],{},"looping over ",[18,82527,875],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82530,82531,82532,82535,82536,82538],{},"Be careful: ",[18,82533,82534],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,82537,6277],{}," loop consume the map object.",[49,82540,2165],{"id":2164},[486,82542,13011,82544,82546],{"id":82543},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,82545,40006],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82548,82549,82550,82552,82553,24231],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,82551,40006],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,82554,82555],{},"list(map(...))",[486,82557,15199,82559,82561,82562,82564],{"id":82558},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,82560,40006],{}," better than a ",[18,82563,6277],{}," loop?",[14,82566,82567,82568,82570,82571,82573],{},"Not always. ",[18,82569,40006],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,82572,6277],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[486,82575,5497,82577,82579],{"id":82576},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82578,40006],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82581,82582],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[486,82584,82586],{"id":82585},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82588,82589],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[49,82591,2219],{"id":2218},[29,82593,82594,82600,82606,82610,82614],{},[32,82595,82596],{},[196,82597,3912,82598,3845],{"href":40375},[18,82599,37866],{},[32,82601,82602],{},[196,82603,3912,82604,3845],{"href":2302},[18,82605,20],{},[32,82607,82608],{},[196,82609,5547],{"href":5459},[32,82611,82612],{},[196,82613,5552],{"href":4724},[32,82615,82616],{},[196,82617,2243],{"href":5463},[2259,82619,82620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":82622},[82623,82624,82626,82627,82628,82630,82635,82642,82644,82651,82652,82661],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":80198,"depth":103,"text":82625},"What map() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":80517,"depth":103,"text":82629},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80701,"depth":103,"text":82631,"children":82632},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82633],{"id":80889,"depth":129,"text":82634},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81046,"depth":103,"text":82636,"children":82637},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82638,82640,82641],{"id":81064,"depth":129,"text":82639},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81255,"depth":129,"text":81256},{"id":81348,"depth":129,"text":81349},{"id":81609,"depth":103,"text":82643},"When to use map()",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":82645},[82646,82648,82649,82650],{"id":81918,"depth":129,"text":82647},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82007,"depth":129,"text":82008},{"id":82128,"depth":129,"text":82129},{"id":82347,"depth":129,"text":82348},{"id":67991,"depth":103,"text":67992},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":82653},[82654,82656,82658,82660],{"id":82543,"depth":129,"text":82655},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82558,"depth":129,"text":82657},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82576,"depth":129,"text":82659},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82585,"depth":129,"text":82586},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80030,"description":82662},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82669,"title":82670,"body":82671,"description":84691,"extension":2300,"meta":84692,"navigation":132,"path":84693,"seo":84694,"stem":84695,"__hash__":84696},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82672,"toc":84649},[82673,82679,82684,82687,82695,82698,82700,82824,82826,82844,82846,82866,82871,82875,82889,82892,82895,82897,82902,83014,83017,83035,83041,83044,83106,83108,83117,83120,83134,83136,83184,83186,83195,83205,83211,83214,83241,83243,83251,83254,83257,83327,83329,83337,83340,83345,83350,83401,83403,83411,83414,83416,83433,83435,83487,83490,83496,83500,83505,83508,83512,83571,83573,83582,83588,83597,83601,83664,83666,83674,83679,83683,83688,83768,83770,83779,83786,83791,83796,83799,83834,83836,83844,83847,83853,83855,83905,83907,83916,83919,83937,83939,83944,83950,83957,83984,83986,84009,84014,84049,84054,84060,84065,84108,84111,84114,84153,84160,84166,84171,84186,84190,84197,84200,84204,84209,84213,84218,84220,84281,84283,84312,84317,84324,84333,84335,84338,84363,84365,84468,84471,84489,84498,84500,84505,84508,84514,84517,84519,84529,84535,84539,84597,84604,84612,84614,84646],[10,82674,3912,82676,3916],{"id":82675},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82677,82678],{},"max()",[14,82680,16,82681,82683],{},[18,82682,82678],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82685,82686],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[29,82688,82689,82692],{},[32,82690,82691],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[32,82693,82694],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82696,82697],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[49,82699,52],{"id":51},[54,82701,82703],{"className":56,"code":82702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82704,82705,82729,82744,82748,82774,82778,82810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82706,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82708,70],{"class":69},[63,82710,74],{"class":73},[63,82712,1091],{"class":81},[63,82714,1248],{"class":85},[63,82716,89],{"class":81},[63,82718,6679],{"class":85},[63,82720,89],{"class":81},[63,82722,92],{"class":85},[63,82724,89],{"class":81},[63,82726,4935],{"class":85},[63,82728,186],{"class":81},[63,82730,82731,82733,82735,82738,82740,82742],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82732,140],{"class":139},[63,82734,113],{"class":81},[63,82736,82737],{"class":139},"max",[63,82739,113],{"class":81},[63,82741,146],{"class":145},[63,82743,100],{"class":81},[63,82745,82746],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82747,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82749,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82751,140],{"class":139},[63,82753,113],{"class":81},[63,82755,82737],{"class":139},[63,82757,113],{"class":81},[63,82759,1248],{"class":85},[63,82761,89],{"class":81},[63,82763,6679],{"class":85},[63,82765,89],{"class":81},[63,82767,92],{"class":85},[63,82769,89],{"class":81},[63,82771,4935],{"class":85},[63,82773,100],{"class":81},[63,82775,82776],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82777,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,82779,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,82781,4403],{"class":69},[63,82783,74],{"class":73},[63,82785,1091],{"class":81},[63,82787,117],{"class":116},[63,82789,408],{"class":120},[63,82791,117],{"class":116},[63,82793,89],{"class":81},[63,82795,824],{"class":116},[63,82797,427],{"class":120},[63,82799,117],{"class":116},[63,82801,89],{"class":81},[63,82803,824],{"class":116},[63,82805,78841],{"class":120},[63,82807,117],{"class":116},[63,82809,186],{"class":81},[63,82811,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,82813,140],{"class":139},[63,82815,113],{"class":81},[63,82817,82737],{"class":139},[63,82819,113],{"class":81},[63,82821,4445],{"class":145},[63,82823,100],{"class":81},[14,82825,163],{},[54,82827,82829],{"className":56,"code":82828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82830,82831,82835,82839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82832,82833],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82834,2716],{"class":85},[63,82836,82837],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82838,2716],{"class":85},[63,82840,82841],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82842,82843],{"class":69},"pear\n",[14,82845,20251],{},[29,82847,82848,82854,82860],{},[32,82849,82850,82853],{},[18,82851,82852],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[32,82855,82856,82859],{},[18,82857,82858],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[32,82861,82862,82865],{},[18,82863,82864],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[49,82867,4014,82869,4017],{"id":82868},"what-max-does",[18,82870,82678],{},[14,82872,82873,821],{},[18,82874,82678],{},[29,82876,82877,82880,82883,82886],{},[32,82878,82879],{},"Returns the largest item",[32,82881,82882],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[32,82884,82885],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[32,82887,82888],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82890,82891],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82893,82894],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[49,82896,263],{"id":262},[14,82898,82899,82900,821],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82901,82678],{},[54,82903,82905],{"className":56,"code":82904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82906,82907,82917,82941,82963,82986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,82908,82909,82911,82913,82915],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,82910,82737],{"class":139},[63,82912,113],{"class":81},[63,82914,288],{"class":145},[63,82916,126],{"class":81},[63,82918,82919,82921,82923,82925,82927,82930,82932,82934,82936,82939],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,82920,82737],{"class":139},[63,82922,113],{"class":81},[63,82924,288],{"class":145},[63,82926,89],{"class":81},[63,82928,82929],{"class":73}," *",[63,82931,89],{"class":81},[63,82933,21874],{"class":9491},[63,82935,74],{"class":73},[63,82937,82938],{"class":145},"func",[63,82940,126],{"class":81},[63,82942,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,82944,82737],{"class":139},[63,82946,113],{"class":81},[63,82948,288],{"class":145},[63,82950,89],{"class":81},[63,82952,82929],{"class":73},[63,82954,89],{"class":81},[63,82956,26813],{"class":9491},[63,82958,74],{"class":73},[63,82960,2807],{"class":145},[63,82962,126],{"class":81},[63,82964,82965,82967,82969,82972,82974,82977,82979,82981,82984],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,82966,82737],{"class":139},[63,82968,113],{"class":81},[63,82970,82971],{"class":145},"arg1",[63,82973,89],{"class":81},[63,82975,82976],{"class":145}," arg2",[63,82978,89],{"class":81},[63,82980,82929],{"class":73},[63,82982,82983],{"class":145},"args",[63,82985,126],{"class":81},[63,82987,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,82989,82737],{"class":139},[63,82991,113],{"class":81},[63,82993,82971],{"class":145},[63,82995,89],{"class":81},[63,82997,82976],{"class":145},[63,82999,89],{"class":81},[63,83001,82929],{"class":73},[63,83003,82983],{"class":145},[63,83005,89],{"class":81},[63,83007,21874],{"class":9491},[63,83009,74],{"class":73},[63,83011,82938],{"class":145},[63,83013,126],{"class":81},[14,83015,83016],{},"The most important parts are:",[29,83018,83019,83024,83029],{},[32,83020,83021,83023],{},[18,83022,288],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[32,83025,83026,83028],{},[18,83027,15137],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[32,83030,83031,83034],{},[18,83032,83033],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[49,83036,8733,83038,83040],{"id":83037},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,83039,82678],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83042,83043],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[54,83045,83047],{"className":56,"code":83046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,83048,83049,83075,83091,83095],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83050,83051,83053,83055,83057,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83052,1781],{"class":69},[63,83054,74],{"class":73},[63,83056,1091],{"class":81},[63,83058,83059],{"class":85},"72",[63,83061,89],{"class":81},[63,83063,51802],{"class":85},[63,83065,89],{"class":81},[63,83067,1793],{"class":85},[63,83069,89],{"class":81},[63,83071,83072],{"class":85}," 66",[63,83074,186],{"class":81},[63,83076,83077,83080,83082,83085,83087,83089],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83078,83079],{"class":69},"highest_score ",[63,83081,74],{"class":73},[63,83083,83084],{"class":139}," max",[63,83086,113],{"class":81},[63,83088,16686],{"class":145},[63,83090,126],{"class":81},[63,83092,83093],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,83094,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,83096,83097,83099,83101,83104],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,83098,140],{"class":139},[63,83100,113],{"class":81},[63,83102,83103],{"class":145},"highest_score",[63,83105,126],{"class":81},[14,83107,163],{},[54,83109,83111],{"className":56,"code":83110,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"91\n",[18,83112,83113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83114,83115],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83116,83110],{"class":85},[14,83118,83119],{},"This works well for:",[29,83121,83122,83125,83128,83131],{},[32,83123,83124],{},"Scores",[32,83126,83127],{},"Prices",[32,83129,83130],{},"Ages",[32,83132,83133],{},"Counts",[14,83135,52372],{},[54,83137,83139],{"className":56,"code":83138,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,83140,83141,83169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83142,83143,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83157,83159,83162,83164,83167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83144,83145],{"class":69},"prices ",[63,83147,74],{"class":73},[63,83149,1091],{"class":81},[63,83151,40688],{"class":85},[63,83153,89],{"class":81},[63,83155,83156],{"class":85}," 5.50",[63,83158,89],{"class":81},[63,83160,83161],{"class":85}," 12.75",[63,83163,89],{"class":81},[63,83165,83166],{"class":85}," 29.00",[63,83168,186],{"class":81},[63,83170,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83182],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83172,140],{"class":139},[63,83174,113],{"class":81},[63,83176,82737],{"class":139},[63,83178,113],{"class":81},[63,83180,83181],{"class":145},"prices",[63,83183,100],{"class":81},[14,83185,163],{},[54,83187,83189],{"className":56,"code":83188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"29.0\n",[18,83190,83191],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83192,83193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83194,83188],{"class":85},[14,83196,83197,83198,83200,83201,259],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,83199,82678],{}," is simpler than ",[196,83202,83203],{"href":74618},[18,83204,74521],{},[49,83206,8733,83208,83210],{"id":83207},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,83209,82678],{}," with separate values",[14,83212,83213],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[54,83215,83217],{"className":56,"code":83216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,83218,83219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83220,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83222,140],{"class":139},[63,83224,113],{"class":81},[63,83226,82737],{"class":139},[63,83228,113],{"class":81},[63,83230,2840],{"class":85},[63,83232,89],{"class":81},[63,83234,31234],{"class":85},[63,83236,89],{"class":81},[63,83238,6313],{"class":85},[63,83240,100],{"class":81},[14,83242,163],{},[54,83244,83245],{"className":56,"code":2561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,83246,83247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83248,83249],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83250,2561],{"class":85},[14,83252,83253],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83255,83256],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[54,83258,83260],{"className":56,"code":83259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,83261,83262,83271,83279,83289,83293,83316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83263,83264,83266,83268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83265,2890],{"class":69},[63,83267,74],{"class":73},[63,83269,83270],{"class":85}," 15\n",[63,83272,83273,83275,83277],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83274,2918],{"class":69},[63,83276,74],{"class":73},[63,83278,3105],{"class":85},[63,83280,83281,83284,83286],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,83282,83283],{"class":69},"c ",[63,83285,74],{"class":73},[63,83287,83288],{"class":85}," 27\n",[63,83290,83291],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,83292,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,83294,83295,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,83296,83297],{"class":69},"largest ",[63,83299,74],{"class":73},[63,83301,83084],{"class":139},[63,83303,113],{"class":81},[63,83305,196],{"class":145},[63,83307,89],{"class":81},[63,83309,2895],{"class":145},[63,83311,89],{"class":81},[63,83313,9989],{"class":145},[63,83315,126],{"class":81},[63,83317,83318,83320,83322,83325],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,83319,140],{"class":139},[63,83321,113],{"class":81},[63,83323,83324],{"class":145},"largest",[63,83326,126],{"class":81},[14,83328,163],{},[54,83330,83331],{"className":56,"code":46903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,83332,83333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83334,83335],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83336,46903],{"class":85},[14,83338,83339],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[49,83341,8733,83343,47350],{"id":83342},"using-max-with-strings",[18,83344,82678],{},[14,83346,83347,83349],{},[18,83348,82678],{}," can compare strings too.",[54,83351,83353],{"className":56,"code":83352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83354,83355,83387],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83356,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83358,4403],{"class":69},[63,83360,74],{"class":73},[63,83362,1091],{"class":81},[63,83364,117],{"class":116},[63,83366,408],{"class":120},[63,83368,117],{"class":116},[63,83370,89],{"class":81},[63,83372,824],{"class":116},[63,83374,427],{"class":120},[63,83376,117],{"class":116},[63,83378,89],{"class":81},[63,83380,824],{"class":116},[63,83382,78841],{"class":120},[63,83384,117],{"class":116},[63,83386,186],{"class":81},[63,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83390,140],{"class":139},[63,83392,113],{"class":81},[63,83394,82737],{"class":139},[63,83396,113],{"class":81},[63,83398,4445],{"class":145},[63,83400,100],{"class":81},[14,83402,163],{},[54,83404,83405],{"className":56,"code":82843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,83406,83407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83408,83409],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83410,82843],{"class":69},[14,83412,83413],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83415,68380],{},[29,83417,83418,83427,83430],{},[32,83419,83420,83423,83424,83426],{},[18,83421,83422],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,83425,65371],{}," alphabetically",[32,83428,83429],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[32,83431,83432],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83434,2543],{},[54,83436,83438],{"className":56,"code":83437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,83439,83440,83473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83443,4403],{"class":69},[63,83445,74],{"class":73},[63,83447,1091],{"class":81},[63,83449,117],{"class":116},[63,83451,408],{"class":120},[63,83453,117],{"class":116},[63,83455,89],{"class":81},[63,83457,824],{"class":116},[63,83459,83460],{"class":120},"Banana",[63,83462,117],{"class":116},[63,83464,89],{"class":81},[63,83466,824],{"class":116},[63,83468,78841],{"class":120},[63,83470,117],{"class":116},[63,83472,186],{"class":81},[63,83474,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83476,140],{"class":139},[63,83478,113],{"class":81},[63,83480,82737],{"class":139},[63,83482,113],{"class":81},[63,83484,4445],{"class":145},[63,83486,100],{"class":81},[14,83488,83489],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83491,83492,83493,83495],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,83494,15137],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[49,83497,36903,83498,36906],{"id":78799},[18,83499,15137],{},[14,83501,2317,83502,83504],{},[18,83503,15137],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83506,83507],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[486,83509,83511],{"id":83510},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[54,83513,83515],{"className":56,"code":83514,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,83516,83517,83549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83518,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83520,4403],{"class":69},[63,83522,74],{"class":73},[63,83524,1091],{"class":81},[63,83526,117],{"class":116},[63,83528,580],{"class":120},[63,83530,117],{"class":116},[63,83532,89],{"class":81},[63,83534,824],{"class":116},[63,83536,68423],{"class":120},[63,83538,117],{"class":116},[63,83540,89],{"class":81},[63,83542,824],{"class":116},[63,83544,58408],{"class":120},[63,83546,117],{"class":116},[63,83548,186],{"class":81},[63,83550,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83552,140],{"class":139},[63,83554,113],{"class":81},[63,83556,82737],{"class":139},[63,83558,113],{"class":81},[63,83560,4445],{"class":145},[63,83562,89],{"class":81},[63,83564,21874],{"class":9491},[63,83566,74],{"class":73},[63,83568,11468],{"class":139},[63,83570,100],{"class":81},[14,83572,163],{},[54,83574,83576],{"className":56,"code":83575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"elephant\n",[18,83577,83578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83579,83580],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83581,83575],{"class":69},[14,83583,21065,83584,83587],{},[18,83585,83586],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83589,83590,83591,33921,83593,259],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83592,42651],{},[196,83594,83595,6102],{"href":42648},[18,83596,42651],{},[486,83598,83600],{"id":83599},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[54,83602,83604],{"className":56,"code":83603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83605,83606,83638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83607,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83609,4403],{"class":69},[63,83611,74],{"class":73},[63,83613,1091],{"class":81},[63,83615,117],{"class":116},[63,83617,408],{"class":120},[63,83619,117],{"class":116},[63,83621,89],{"class":81},[63,83623,824],{"class":116},[63,83625,83460],{"class":120},[63,83627,117],{"class":116},[63,83629,89],{"class":81},[63,83631,824],{"class":116},[63,83633,78841],{"class":120},[63,83635,117],{"class":116},[63,83637,186],{"class":81},[63,83639,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83641,140],{"class":139},[63,83643,113],{"class":81},[63,83645,82737],{"class":139},[63,83647,113],{"class":81},[63,83649,4445],{"class":145},[63,83651,89],{"class":81},[63,83653,21874],{"class":9491},[63,83655,74],{"class":73},[63,83657,3779],{"class":77},[63,83659,259],{"class":81},[63,83661,8957],{"class":25042},[63,83663,100],{"class":81},[14,83665,163],{},[54,83667,83668],{"className":56,"code":82843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,83669,83670],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83671,83672],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83673,82843],{"class":69},[14,83675,21065,83676,83678],{},[18,83677,78795],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[486,83680,83682],{"id":83681},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83684,83685,83686,821],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83687,37950],{},[54,83689,83691],{"className":56,"code":83690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83692,83693,83736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83694,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83714,83716,83718,83720,83723,83725,83727,83729,83732,83734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83696,342],{"class":69},[63,83698,74],{"class":73},[63,83700,1091],{"class":81},[63,83702,117],{"class":116},[63,83704,196],{"class":120},[63,83706,117],{"class":116},[63,83708,89],{"class":81},[63,83710,824],{"class":116},[63,83712,83713],{"class":120},"bb",[63,83715,117],{"class":116},[63,83717,89],{"class":81},[63,83719,824],{"class":116},[63,83721,83722],{"class":120},"cccc",[63,83724,117],{"class":116},[63,83726,89],{"class":81},[63,83728,824],{"class":116},[63,83730,83731],{"class":120},"ddd",[63,83733,117],{"class":116},[63,83735,186],{"class":81},[63,83737,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83739,140],{"class":139},[63,83741,113],{"class":81},[63,83743,82737],{"class":139},[63,83745,113],{"class":81},[63,83747,357],{"class":145},[63,83749,89],{"class":81},[63,83751,21874],{"class":9491},[63,83753,74],{"class":73},[63,83755,37950],{"class":2402},[63,83757,43132],{"class":37953},[63,83759,821],{"class":81},[63,83761,38676],{"class":139},[63,83763,113],{"class":81},[63,83765,35002],{"class":145},[63,83767,1965],{"class":81},[14,83769,163],{},[54,83771,83773],{"className":56,"code":83772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cccc\n",[18,83774,83775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83776,83777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83778,83772],{"class":69},[14,83780,49842,83781,4726,83783,83785],{},[18,83782,83586],{},[18,83784,78682],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[49,83787,36903,83789,36906],{"id":83788},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83790,83033],{},[14,83792,2317,83793,83795],{},[18,83794,83033],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83797,83798],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[54,83800,83802],{"className":56,"code":83801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83803,83804,83812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83805,83806,83808,83810],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83807,70],{"class":69},[63,83809,74],{"class":73},[63,83811,8156],{"class":81},[63,83813,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83815,140],{"class":139},[63,83817,113],{"class":81},[63,83819,82737],{"class":139},[63,83821,113],{"class":81},[63,83823,146],{"class":145},[63,83825,89],{"class":81},[63,83827,26813],{"class":9491},[63,83829,74],{"class":73},[63,83831,687],{"class":85},[63,83833,100],{"class":81},[14,83835,163],{},[54,83837,83838],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,83839,83840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83841,83842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83843,47543],{"class":85},[14,83845,83846],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83848,83849,83850,83852],{},"Without ",[18,83851,83033],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83854,52372],{},[54,83856,83858],{"className":56,"code":83857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83859,83860,83868,83895],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83861,83862,83864,83866],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83863,4403],{"class":69},[63,83865,74],{"class":73},[63,83867,8156],{"class":81},[63,83869,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888,83891,83893],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83871,851],{"class":69},[63,83873,74],{"class":73},[63,83875,83084],{"class":139},[63,83877,113],{"class":81},[63,83879,4445],{"class":145},[63,83881,89],{"class":81},[63,83883,26813],{"class":9491},[63,83885,74],{"class":73},[63,83887,117],{"class":116},[63,83889,83890],{"class":120},"no words found",[63,83892,117],{"class":116},[63,83894,126],{"class":81},[63,83896,83897,83899,83901,83903],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,83898,140],{"class":139},[63,83900,113],{"class":81},[63,83902,875],{"class":145},[63,83904,126],{"class":81},[14,83906,163],{},[54,83908,83910],{"className":56,"code":83909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"no words found\n",[18,83911,83912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83913,83914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83915,83909],{"class":69},[14,83917,83918],{},"Important:",[29,83920,83921,83929],{},[32,83922,83923,83925,83926],{},[18,83924,83033],{}," works with ",[18,83927,83928],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[32,83930,41196,83931,83933,83934],{},[1217,83932,4961],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83935,83936],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[49,83938,48278],{"id":48277},[14,83940,83941,83942,259],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83943,82678],{},[486,83945,83947,83949],{"id":83946},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83948,40994],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83951,83952,83953,46200,83955,259],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83954,83033],{},[18,83956,40994],{},[54,83958,83960],{"className":56,"code":83959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83961,83962,83970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83963,83964,83966,83968],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83965,70],{"class":69},[63,83967,74],{"class":73},[63,83969,8156],{"class":81},[63,83971,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,83973,140],{"class":139},[63,83975,113],{"class":81},[63,83977,82737],{"class":139},[63,83979,113],{"class":81},[63,83981,146],{"class":145},[63,83983,100],{"class":81},[14,83985,29972],{},[54,83987,83989],{"className":56,"code":83988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83990,83991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,83992,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84004,84006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,83994,40994],{"class":77},[63,83996,821],{"class":81},[63,83998,83084],{"class":139},[63,84000,7686],{"class":81},[63,84002,84003],{"class":69}," arg ",[63,84005,1156],{"class":73},[63,84007,84008],{"class":69}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84010,84011,84012,821],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,84013,83033],{},[54,84015,84017],{"className":56,"code":84016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,84018,84019,84027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84020,84021,84023,84025],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84022,70],{"class":69},[63,84024,74],{"class":73},[63,84026,8156],{"class":81},[63,84028,84029,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84030,140],{"class":139},[63,84032,113],{"class":81},[63,84034,82737],{"class":139},[63,84036,113],{"class":81},[63,84038,146],{"class":145},[63,84040,89],{"class":81},[63,84042,26813],{"class":9491},[63,84044,74],{"class":73},[63,84046,4115],{"class":1205},[63,84048,100],{"class":81},[14,84050,84051,84052,259],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[196,84053,65936],{"href":72975},[486,84055,84057,84059],{"id":84056},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,84058,1032],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84061,84062,84063,259],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,84064,1032],{},[54,84066,84068],{"className":56,"code":84067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84069,84070,84094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84071,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84073,342],{"class":69},[63,84075,74],{"class":73},[63,84077,1091],{"class":81},[63,84079,741],{"class":85},[63,84081,89],{"class":81},[63,84083,824],{"class":116},[63,84085,16051],{"class":120},[63,84087,117],{"class":116},[63,84089,89],{"class":81},[63,84091,751],{"class":85},[63,84093,186],{"class":81},[63,84095,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84097,140],{"class":139},[63,84099,113],{"class":81},[63,84101,82737],{"class":139},[63,84103,113],{"class":81},[63,84105,357],{"class":145},[63,84107,100],{"class":81},[14,84109,84110],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84112,84113],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[54,84115,84117],{"className":56,"code":84116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,84118,84119,84139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84122,342],{"class":69},[63,84124,74],{"class":73},[63,84126,1091],{"class":81},[63,84128,741],{"class":85},[63,84130,89],{"class":81},[63,84132,746],{"class":85},[63,84134,89],{"class":81},[63,84136,751],{"class":85},[63,84138,186],{"class":81},[63,84140,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84142,140],{"class":139},[63,84144,113],{"class":81},[63,84146,82737],{"class":139},[63,84148,113],{"class":81},[63,84150,357],{"class":145},[63,84152,100],{"class":81},[14,84154,84155,84156,259],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[196,84157,84159],{"href":84158},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[486,84161,84163,84165],{"id":84162},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,84164,1032],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84167,84168,84170],{},[18,84169,82678],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[54,84172,84174],{"className":56,"code":84173,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max())\n",[18,84175,84176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84177,84178,84180,84182,84184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84179,140],{"class":139},[63,84181,113],{"class":81},[63,84183,82737],{"class":139},[63,84185,7515],{"class":81},[14,84187,3337,84188,259],{},[18,84189,1032],{},[49,84191,84193,10891,84195],{"id":84192},"max-vs-sorted",[18,84194,82678],{},[18,84196,74521],{},[14,84198,84199],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84201,84202,821],{},[18,84203,82678],{},[29,84205,84206],{},[32,84207,84208],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84210,84211,821],{},[18,84212,74521],{},[29,84214,84215],{},[32,84216,84217],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84219,2543],{},[54,84221,84223],{"className":56,"code":84222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,84224,84225,84249,84253,84267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84226,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84228,70],{"class":69},[63,84230,74],{"class":73},[63,84232,1091],{"class":81},[63,84234,1248],{"class":85},[63,84236,89],{"class":81},[63,84238,6679],{"class":85},[63,84240,89],{"class":81},[63,84242,92],{"class":85},[63,84244,89],{"class":81},[63,84246,4935],{"class":85},[63,84248,186],{"class":81},[63,84250,84251],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84252,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,84254,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,84256,140],{"class":139},[63,84258,113],{"class":81},[63,84260,82737],{"class":139},[63,84262,113],{"class":81},[63,84264,146],{"class":145},[63,84266,100],{"class":81},[63,84268,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,84270,140],{"class":139},[63,84272,113],{"class":81},[63,84274,74611],{"class":139},[63,84276,113],{"class":81},[63,84278,146],{"class":145},[63,84280,100],{"class":81},[14,84282,163],{},[54,84284,84286],{"className":56,"code":84285,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,84287,84288,84292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84289,84290],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84291,2716],{"class":85},[63,84293,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84295,173],{"class":81},[63,84297,2394],{"class":85},[63,84299,89],{"class":81},[63,84301,97],{"class":85},[63,84303,89],{"class":81},[63,84305,4935],{"class":85},[63,84307,89],{"class":81},[63,84309,6679],{"class":85},[63,84311,186],{"class":81},[14,84313,222,84314,84316],{},[18,84315,82678],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84318,222,84319,84323],{},[196,84320,84321],{"href":74618},[18,84322,74521],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84325,84326,84327,259],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[196,84328,84330],{"href":84329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,84331,84332],{},"min()",[49,84334,3167],{"id":3166},[14,84336,84337],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[29,84339,84340,84347,84350,84355,84358],{},[32,84341,29941,84342,84344,84345],{},[18,84343,82678],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,84346,83033],{},[32,84348,84349],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[32,84351,8769,84352,84354],{},[18,84353,82678],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[32,84356,84357],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[32,84359,8733,84360,84362],{},[18,84361,83033],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84364,11419],{},[54,84366,84368],{"className":56,"code":84367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,84369,84370,84380,84394,84408,84422,84444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84371,84372,84374,84376,84378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84373,140],{"class":139},[63,84375,113],{"class":81},[63,84377,357],{"class":145},[63,84379,126],{"class":81},[63,84381,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84383,140],{"class":139},[63,84385,113],{"class":81},[63,84387,3557],{"class":77},[63,84389,113],{"class":81},[63,84391,357],{"class":145},[63,84393,100],{"class":81},[63,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,84397,140],{"class":139},[63,84399,113],{"class":81},[63,84401,11468],{"class":139},[63,84403,113],{"class":81},[63,84405,357],{"class":145},[63,84407,100],{"class":81},[63,84409,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,84411,140],{"class":139},[63,84413,113],{"class":81},[63,84415,82737],{"class":139},[63,84417,113],{"class":81},[63,84419,357],{"class":145},[63,84421,100],{"class":81},[63,84423,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,84425,140],{"class":139},[63,84427,113],{"class":81},[63,84429,82737],{"class":139},[63,84431,113],{"class":81},[63,84433,357],{"class":145},[63,84435,89],{"class":81},[63,84437,26813],{"class":9491},[63,84439,74],{"class":73},[63,84441,4115],{"class":1205},[63,84443,100],{"class":81},[63,84445,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,84447,140],{"class":139},[63,84449,2071],{"class":81},[63,84451,3557],{"class":77},[63,84453,113],{"class":81},[63,84455,2509],{"class":145},[63,84457,3997],{"class":81},[63,84459,4211],{"class":1155},[63,84461,4214],{"class":145},[63,84463,4217],{"class":1155},[63,84465,6285],{"class":145},[63,84467,2080],{"class":81},[14,84469,84470],{},"These are useful for checking:",[29,84472,84473,84478,84483,84486],{},[32,84474,84475,84476],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,84477,357],{},[32,84479,79848,84480,84482],{},[18,84481,357],{}," is a list or some other type",[32,84484,84485],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[32,84487,84488],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84490,69444,84491,84494,84495,84497],{},[18,84492,84493],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,84496,357],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[49,84499,2165],{"id":2164},[486,84501,5469,84503,5472],{"id":84502},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,84504,82678],{},[14,84506,84507],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[486,84509,5497,84511,84513],{"id":84510},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,84512,82678],{}," work with strings?",[14,84515,84516],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[486,84518,71743],{"id":71742},[14,84520,84521,52787,84523,84525,84526,84528],{},[18,84522,82678],{},[18,84524,40994],{}," unless you use the ",[18,84527,83033],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[486,84530,84532,84533,2827],{"id":84531},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,84534,82678],{},[14,84536,222,84537,821],{},[18,84538,83586],{},[54,84540,84541],{"className":56,"code":83514,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,84542,84543,84575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84544,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84546,4403],{"class":69},[63,84548,74],{"class":73},[63,84550,1091],{"class":81},[63,84552,117],{"class":116},[63,84554,580],{"class":120},[63,84556,117],{"class":116},[63,84558,89],{"class":81},[63,84560,824],{"class":116},[63,84562,68423],{"class":120},[63,84564,117],{"class":116},[63,84566,89],{"class":81},[63,84568,824],{"class":116},[63,84570,58408],{"class":120},[63,84572,117],{"class":116},[63,84574,186],{"class":81},[63,84576,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84578,140],{"class":139},[63,84580,113],{"class":81},[63,84582,82737],{"class":139},[63,84584,113],{"class":81},[63,84586,4445],{"class":145},[63,84588,89],{"class":81},[63,84590,21874],{"class":9491},[63,84592,74],{"class":73},[63,84594,11468],{"class":139},[63,84596,100],{"class":81},[486,84598,2169,84600,4726,84602,2827],{"id":84599},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84601,82678],{},[18,84603,74521],{},[14,84605,84606,84608,84609,84611],{},[18,84607,82678],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84610,74521],{}," returns all items in order.",[49,84613,2219],{"id":2218},[29,84615,84616,84622,84628,84634,84638,84642],{},[32,84617,84618],{},[196,84619,84620,3845],{"href":84329},[18,84621,84332],{},[32,84623,84624],{},[196,84625,84626,3845],{"href":74618},[18,84627,74521],{},[32,84629,84630],{},[196,84631,84632,3845],{"href":42648},[18,84633,42651],{},[32,84635,84636],{},[196,84637,59237],{"href":59236},[32,84639,84640],{},[196,84641,65936],{"href":72975},[32,84643,84644],{},[196,84645,84159],{"href":84158},[2259,84647,84648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":84650},[84651,84652,84654,84655,84657,84659,84661,84666,84668,84676,84678,84679,84690],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":82868,"depth":103,"text":84653},"What max() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":83037,"depth":103,"text":84656},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83207,"depth":103,"text":84658},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83342,"depth":103,"text":84660},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78799,"depth":103,"text":79997,"children":84662},[84663,84664,84665],{"id":83510,"depth":129,"text":83511},{"id":83599,"depth":129,"text":83600},{"id":83681,"depth":129,"text":83682},{"id":83788,"depth":103,"text":84667},"Using the default argument",{"id":48277,"depth":103,"text":48278,"children":84669},[84670,84672,84674],{"id":83946,"depth":129,"text":84671},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84056,"depth":129,"text":84673},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84162,"depth":129,"text":84675},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84192,"depth":103,"text":84677},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":84680},[84681,84683,84685,84686,84688],{"id":84502,"depth":129,"text":84682},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84510,"depth":129,"text":84684},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71742,"depth":129,"text":71743},{"id":84531,"depth":129,"text":84687},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84599,"depth":129,"text":84689},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82670,"description":84691},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84698,"title":84699,"body":84700,"description":86654,"extension":2300,"meta":86655,"navigation":132,"path":86656,"seo":86657,"stem":86658,"__hash__":86659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84701,"toc":86611},[84702,84707,84712,84718,84720,84794,84796,84809,84814,84819,84835,84839,84844,84920,84926,84929,84972,84974,84982,84988,84991,85022,85024,85032,85038,85043,85102,85104,85113,85116,85126,85132,85137,85172,85174,85182,85188,85194,85199,85243,85245,85254,85257,85297,85299,85308,85311,85323,85328,85333,85384,85386,85395,85398,85449,85451,85460,85463,85470,85476,85481,85483,85498,85502,85562,85564,85573,85577,85749,85751,85788,85795,85801,85804,85831,85833,85854,85859,85894,85896,85904,85907,85910,85926,85931,85933,85937,85943,85947,85974,85977,85987,86027,86031,86034,86077,86079,86088,86091,86096,86165,86167,86175,86180,86184,86187,86238,86240,86248,86251,86314,86316,86324,86327,86332,86336,86349,86356,86364,86366,86368,86398,86404,86505,86515,86517,86522,86525,86530,86533,86535,86543,86551,86559,86566,86574,86576,86608],[10,84703,3912,84705,3916],{"id":84704},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84706,84332],{},[14,84708,84709,84711],{},[18,84710,84332],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84713,84714,84715,84717],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84716,84332],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[49,84719,52],{"id":51},[54,84721,84723],{"className":56,"code":84722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84724,84725,84749,84764,84768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84726,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84728,70],{"class":69},[63,84730,74],{"class":73},[63,84732,1091],{"class":81},[63,84734,661],{"class":85},[63,84736,89],{"class":81},[63,84738,92],{"class":85},[63,84740,89],{"class":81},[63,84742,54423],{"class":85},[63,84744,89],{"class":81},[63,84746,692],{"class":85},[63,84748,186],{"class":81},[63,84750,84751,84753,84755,84758,84760,84762],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84752,140],{"class":139},[63,84754,113],{"class":81},[63,84756,84757],{"class":139},"min",[63,84759,113],{"class":81},[63,84761,146],{"class":145},[63,84763,100],{"class":81},[63,84765,84766],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,84767,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,84769,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,84771,140],{"class":139},[63,84773,113],{"class":81},[63,84775,84757],{"class":139},[63,84777,113],{"class":81},[63,84779,661],{"class":85},[63,84781,89],{"class":81},[63,84783,92],{"class":85},[63,84785,89],{"class":81},[63,84787,54423],{"class":85},[63,84789,89],{"class":81},[63,84791,692],{"class":85},[63,84793,100],{"class":81},[14,84795,163],{},[54,84797,84799],{"className":56,"code":84798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n1\n",[18,84800,84801,84805],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84802,84803],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84804,47208],{"class":85},[63,84806,84807],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84808,47208],{"class":85},[14,84810,222,84811,84813],{},[18,84812,84332],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[49,84815,4014,84817,4017],{"id":84816},"what-min-does",[18,84818,84332],{},[29,84820,84821,84826,84829,84832],{},[32,84822,84823,84825],{},[18,84824,84332],{}," returns the smallest item",[32,84827,84828],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[32,84830,84831],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[32,84833,84834],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[49,84836,84838],{"id":84837},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84840,84841,84842,821],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84843,84332],{},[54,84845,84847],{"className":56,"code":84846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84848,84849,84859,84884,84902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84850,84851,84853,84855,84857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84852,84757],{"class":139},[63,84854,113],{"class":81},[63,84856,288],{"class":145},[63,84858,126],{"class":81},[63,84860,84861,84863,84865,84868,84870,84873,84875,84878,84880,84882],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84862,84757],{"class":139},[63,84864,113],{"class":81},[63,84866,84867],{"class":145},"value1",[63,84869,89],{"class":81},[63,84871,84872],{"class":145}," value2",[63,84874,89],{"class":81},[63,84876,84877],{"class":145}," value3",[63,84879,89],{"class":81},[63,84881,34747],{"class":139},[63,84883,126],{"class":81},[63,84885,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,84887,84757],{"class":139},[63,84889,113],{"class":81},[63,84891,288],{"class":145},[63,84893,89],{"class":81},[63,84895,21874],{"class":9491},[63,84897,74],{"class":73},[63,84899,37661],{"class":139},[63,84901,126],{"class":81},[63,84903,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,84905,84757],{"class":139},[63,84907,113],{"class":81},[63,84909,288],{"class":145},[63,84911,89],{"class":81},[63,84913,26813],{"class":9491},[63,84915,74],{"class":73},[63,84917,37661],{"class":139},[63,84919,126],{"class":81},[486,84921,84923],{"id":84922},"miniterable",[18,84924,84925],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84927,84928],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[54,84930,84932],{"className":56,"code":84931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84933,84934,84958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84937,70],{"class":69},[63,84939,74],{"class":73},[63,84941,1091],{"class":81},[63,84943,2680],{"class":85},[63,84945,89],{"class":81},[63,84947,97],{"class":85},[63,84949,89],{"class":81},[63,84951,31234],{"class":85},[63,84953,89],{"class":81},[63,84955,692],{"class":85},[63,84957,186],{"class":81},[63,84959,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,84961,140],{"class":139},[63,84963,113],{"class":81},[63,84965,84757],{"class":139},[63,84967,113],{"class":81},[63,84969,146],{"class":145},[63,84971,100],{"class":81},[14,84973,163],{},[54,84975,84976],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,84977,84978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84979,84980],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84981,47208],{"class":85},[486,84983,84985],{"id":84984},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84986,84987],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84989,84990],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[54,84992,84994],{"className":56,"code":84993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84995,84996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,84997,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,84999,140],{"class":139},[63,85001,113],{"class":81},[63,85003,84757],{"class":139},[63,85005,113],{"class":81},[63,85007,2680],{"class":85},[63,85009,89],{"class":81},[63,85011,97],{"class":85},[63,85013,89],{"class":81},[63,85015,31234],{"class":85},[63,85017,89],{"class":81},[63,85019,692],{"class":85},[63,85021,100],{"class":81},[14,85023,163],{},[54,85025,85026],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,85027,85028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85029,85030],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85031,47208],{"class":85},[486,85033,85035],{"id":85034},"miniterable-key",[18,85036,85037],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85039,222,85040,85042],{},[18,85041,15137],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[54,85044,85046],{"className":56,"code":85045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85047,85048,85080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85049,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85051,4403],{"class":69},[63,85053,74],{"class":73},[63,85055,1091],{"class":81},[63,85057,117],{"class":116},[63,85059,78841],{"class":120},[63,85061,117],{"class":116},[63,85063,89],{"class":81},[63,85065,824],{"class":116},[63,85067,38631],{"class":120},[63,85069,117],{"class":116},[63,85071,89],{"class":81},[63,85073,824],{"class":116},[63,85075,427],{"class":120},[63,85077,117],{"class":116},[63,85079,186],{"class":81},[63,85081,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85083,140],{"class":139},[63,85085,113],{"class":81},[63,85087,84757],{"class":139},[63,85089,113],{"class":81},[63,85091,4445],{"class":145},[63,85093,89],{"class":81},[63,85095,21874],{"class":9491},[63,85097,74],{"class":73},[63,85099,11468],{"class":139},[63,85101,100],{"class":81},[14,85103,163],{},[54,85105,85107],{"className":56,"code":85106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"kiwi\n",[18,85108,85109],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85110,85111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85112,85106],{"class":69},[14,85114,85115],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85117,85118,85119,85121,85122,259],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,85120,42651],{},", see the ",[196,85123,85124,3845],{"href":42648},[18,85125,42651],{},[486,85127,85129],{"id":85128},"miniterable-default",[18,85130,85131],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85133,222,85134,85136],{},[18,85135,83033],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[54,85138,85140],{"className":56,"code":85139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,85141,85142,85150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85143,85144,85146,85148],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85145,70],{"class":69},[63,85147,74],{"class":73},[63,85149,8156],{"class":81},[63,85151,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85153,140],{"class":139},[63,85155,113],{"class":81},[63,85157,84757],{"class":139},[63,85159,113],{"class":81},[63,85161,146],{"class":145},[63,85163,89],{"class":81},[63,85165,26813],{"class":9491},[63,85167,74],{"class":73},[63,85169,687],{"class":85},[63,85171,100],{"class":81},[14,85173,163],{},[54,85175,85176],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,85177,85178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85179,85180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85181,47543],{"class":85},[14,85183,85184,85185,85187],{},"This avoids a ",[18,85186,40994],{}," when there is no item to return.",[49,85189,8733,85191,85193],{"id":85190},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,85192,84332],{}," with numbers",[14,85195,85196,85198],{},[18,85197,84332],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[54,85200,85202],{"className":56,"code":85201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,85203,85204,85229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85205,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85207,1781],{"class":69},[63,85209,74],{"class":73},[63,85211,1091],{"class":81},[63,85213,51797],{"class":85},[63,85215,89],{"class":81},[63,85217,85218],{"class":85}," 72",[63,85220,89],{"class":81},[63,85222,29197],{"class":85},[63,85224,89],{"class":81},[63,85226,76197],{"class":85},[63,85228,186],{"class":81},[63,85230,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85232,140],{"class":139},[63,85234,113],{"class":81},[63,85236,84757],{"class":139},[63,85238,113],{"class":81},[63,85240,16686],{"class":145},[63,85242,100],{"class":81},[14,85244,163],{},[54,85246,85248],{"className":56,"code":85247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"60\n",[18,85249,85250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85251,85252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85253,85247],{"class":85},[14,85255,85256],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[54,85258,85260],{"className":56,"code":85259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,85261,85262,85283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85263,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85277,85279,85281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85265,83145],{"class":69},[63,85267,74],{"class":73},[63,85269,1091],{"class":81},[63,85271,40688],{"class":85},[63,85273,89],{"class":81},[63,85275,85276],{"class":85}," 5.49",[63,85278,89],{"class":81},[63,85280,83161],{"class":85},[63,85282,186],{"class":81},[63,85284,85285,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85286,140],{"class":139},[63,85288,113],{"class":81},[63,85290,84757],{"class":139},[63,85292,113],{"class":81},[63,85294,83181],{"class":145},[63,85296,100],{"class":81},[14,85298,163],{},[54,85300,85302],{"className":56,"code":85301,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.49\n",[18,85303,85304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85305,85306],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85307,85301],{"class":85},[14,85309,85310],{},"This is useful for things like:",[29,85312,85313,85315,85317,85320],{},[32,85314,16686],{},[32,85316,83181],{},[32,85318,85319],{},"measurements",[32,85321,85322],{},"ages",[49,85324,8733,85326,47350],{"id":85325},"using-min-with-strings",[18,85327,84332],{},[14,85329,85330,85332],{},[18,85331,84332],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[54,85334,85336],{"className":56,"code":85335,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85337,85338,85370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85341,4403],{"class":69},[63,85343,74],{"class":73},[63,85345,1091],{"class":81},[63,85347,117],{"class":116},[63,85349,427],{"class":120},[63,85351,117],{"class":116},[63,85353,89],{"class":81},[63,85355,824],{"class":116},[63,85357,408],{"class":120},[63,85359,117],{"class":116},[63,85361,89],{"class":81},[63,85363,824],{"class":116},[63,85365,4428],{"class":120},[63,85367,117],{"class":116},[63,85369,186],{"class":81},[63,85371,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380,85382],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85373,140],{"class":139},[63,85375,113],{"class":81},[63,85377,84757],{"class":139},[63,85379,113],{"class":81},[63,85381,4445],{"class":145},[63,85383,100],{"class":81},[14,85385,163],{},[54,85387,85389],{"className":56,"code":85388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple\n",[18,85390,85391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85392,85393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85394,85388],{"class":69},[14,85396,85397],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[54,85399,85401],{"className":56,"code":85400,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85402,85403,85435],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85404,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85406,4403],{"class":69},[63,85408,74],{"class":73},[63,85410,1091],{"class":81},[63,85412,117],{"class":116},[63,85414,427],{"class":120},[63,85416,117],{"class":116},[63,85418,89],{"class":81},[63,85420,824],{"class":116},[63,85422,58049],{"class":120},[63,85424,117],{"class":116},[63,85426,89],{"class":81},[63,85428,824],{"class":116},[63,85430,4428],{"class":120},[63,85432,117],{"class":116},[63,85434,186],{"class":81},[63,85436,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85438,140],{"class":139},[63,85440,113],{"class":81},[63,85442,84757],{"class":139},[63,85444,113],{"class":81},[63,85446,4445],{"class":145},[63,85448,100],{"class":81},[14,85450,163],{},[54,85452,85454],{"className":56,"code":85453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\n",[18,85455,85456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85457,85458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85459,85453],{"class":69},[14,85461,85462],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85464,85465,85466,259],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[196,85467,85468,6102],{"href":74618},[18,85469,74521],{},[49,85471,8733,85473,85475],{"id":85472},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,85474,84332],{}," with a key function",[14,85477,2317,85478,85480],{},[18,85479,15137],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85482,11766],{},[29,85484,85485,85490,85495],{},[32,85486,85487,85489],{},[18,85488,15137],{}," changes the comparison rule",[32,85491,85492,85494],{},[18,85493,84332],{}," still returns the original item",[32,85496,85497],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[486,85499,85501],{"id":85500},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[54,85503,85505],{"className":56,"code":85504,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85506,85507,85540],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85508,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85536,85538],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85510,4403],{"class":69},[63,85512,74],{"class":73},[63,85514,1091],{"class":81},[63,85516,117],{"class":116},[63,85518,68423],{"class":120},[63,85520,117],{"class":116},[63,85522,89],{"class":81},[63,85524,824],{"class":116},[63,85526,580],{"class":120},[63,85528,117],{"class":116},[63,85530,89],{"class":81},[63,85532,824],{"class":116},[63,85534,85535],{"class":120},"giraffe",[63,85537,117],{"class":116},[63,85539,186],{"class":81},[63,85541,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85543,140],{"class":139},[63,85545,113],{"class":81},[63,85547,84757],{"class":139},[63,85549,113],{"class":81},[63,85551,4445],{"class":145},[63,85553,89],{"class":81},[63,85555,21874],{"class":9491},[63,85557,74],{"class":73},[63,85559,11468],{"class":139},[63,85561,100],{"class":81},[14,85563,163],{},[54,85565,85567],{"className":56,"code":85566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat\n",[18,85568,85569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85570,85571],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85572,85566],{"class":69},[486,85574,85576],{"id":85575},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[54,85578,85580],{"className":56,"code":85579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85581,85582,85592,85627,85659,85691,85695,85699,85738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85583,85584,85587,85589],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85585,85586],{"class":69},"students ",[63,85588,74],{"class":73},[63,85590,85591],{"class":81}," [\n",[63,85593,85594,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85618,85620,85622,85624],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85595,85596],{"class":81},"    {",[63,85598,117],{"class":116},[63,85600,816],{"class":120},[63,85602,117],{"class":116},[63,85604,821],{"class":81},[63,85606,824],{"class":116},[63,85608,827],{"class":120},[63,85610,117],{"class":116},[63,85612,89],{"class":81},[63,85614,824],{"class":116},[63,85616,85617],{"class":120},"score",[63,85619,117],{"class":116},[63,85621,821],{"class":81},[63,85623,1793],{"class":85},[63,85625,85626],{"class":81},"},\n",[63,85628,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,85630,85596],{"class":81},[63,85632,117],{"class":116},[63,85634,816],{"class":120},[63,85636,117],{"class":116},[63,85638,821],{"class":81},[63,85640,824],{"class":116},[63,85642,1772],{"class":120},[63,85644,117],{"class":116},[63,85646,89],{"class":81},[63,85648,824],{"class":116},[63,85650,85617],{"class":120},[63,85652,117],{"class":116},[63,85654,821],{"class":81},[63,85656,85218],{"class":85},[63,85658,85626],{"class":81},[63,85660,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,85662,85596],{"class":81},[63,85664,117],{"class":116},[63,85666,816],{"class":120},[63,85668,117],{"class":116},[63,85670,821],{"class":81},[63,85672,824],{"class":116},[63,85674,36244],{"class":120},[63,85676,117],{"class":116},[63,85678,89],{"class":81},[63,85680,824],{"class":116},[63,85682,85617],{"class":120},[63,85684,117],{"class":116},[63,85686,821],{"class":81},[63,85688,1858],{"class":85},[63,85690,846],{"class":81},[63,85692,85693],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,85694,186],{"class":81},[63,85696,85697],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,85698,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,85700,85701,85704,85706,85709,85711,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,85702,85703],{"class":69},"lowest ",[63,85705,74],{"class":73},[63,85707,85708],{"class":139}," min",[63,85710,113],{"class":81},[63,85712,85713],{"class":145},"students",[63,85715,89],{"class":81},[63,85717,21874],{"class":9491},[63,85719,74],{"class":73},[63,85721,37950],{"class":2402},[63,85723,13211],{"class":37953},[63,85725,821],{"class":81},[63,85727,13211],{"class":145},[63,85729,173],{"class":81},[63,85731,117],{"class":116},[63,85733,85617],{"class":120},[63,85735,117],{"class":116},[63,85737,2080],{"class":81},[63,85739,85740,85742,85744,85747],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,85741,140],{"class":139},[63,85743,113],{"class":81},[63,85745,85746],{"class":145},"lowest",[63,85748,126],{"class":81},[14,85750,163],{},[54,85752,85754],{"className":56,"code":85753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85755,85756],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85757,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85759,9588],{"class":81},[63,85761,193],{"class":116},[63,85763,816],{"class":120},[63,85765,193],{"class":116},[63,85767,821],{"class":81},[63,85769,203],{"class":116},[63,85771,1772],{"class":120},[63,85773,193],{"class":116},[63,85775,89],{"class":81},[63,85777,203],{"class":116},[63,85779,85617],{"class":120},[63,85781,193],{"class":116},[63,85783,821],{"class":81},[63,85785,85218],{"class":85},[63,85787,846],{"class":81},[14,85789,85790,85791,85794],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85792,85793],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[49,85796,8733,85798,85800],{"id":85797},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85799,83033],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85802,85803],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[54,85805,85807],{"className":56,"code":85806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85808,85809,85817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85810,85811,85813,85815],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85812,70],{"class":69},[63,85814,74],{"class":73},[63,85816,8156],{"class":81},[63,85818,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85820,140],{"class":139},[63,85822,113],{"class":81},[63,85824,84757],{"class":139},[63,85826,113],{"class":81},[63,85828,146],{"class":145},[63,85830,100],{"class":81},[14,85832,163],{},[54,85834,85836],{"className":56,"code":85835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85837,85838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85839,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85841,40994],{"class":77},[63,85843,821],{"class":81},[63,85845,85708],{"class":139},[63,85847,7686],{"class":81},[63,85849,84003],{"class":69},[63,85851,1156],{"class":73},[63,85853,84008],{"class":69},[14,85855,85856,85857,821],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85858,83033],{},[54,85860,85862],{"className":56,"code":85861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85863,85864,85872],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85865,85866,85868,85870],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85867,70],{"class":69},[63,85869,74],{"class":73},[63,85871,8156],{"class":81},[63,85873,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85875,140],{"class":139},[63,85877,113],{"class":81},[63,85879,84757],{"class":139},[63,85881,113],{"class":81},[63,85883,146],{"class":145},[63,85885,89],{"class":81},[63,85887,26813],{"class":9491},[63,85889,74],{"class":73},[63,85891,4115],{"class":1205},[63,85893,100],{"class":81},[14,85895,163],{},[54,85897,85898],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,85899,85900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85901,85902],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85903,12117],{"class":1205},[14,85905,85906],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85908,85909],{},"Remember:",[29,85911,85912,85920],{},[32,85913,85914,85916,85917,85919],{},[18,85915,83033],{}," works only when ",[18,85918,84332],{}," gets one iterable argument",[32,85921,85922,85923],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85924,85925],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85927,85928,85929,259],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[196,85930,65936],{"href":72975},[49,85932,11050],{"id":11049},[14,85934,1891,85935,259],{},[18,85936,84332],{},[486,85938,85940,85941],{"id":85939},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85942,83033],{},[14,85944,3337,85945,821],{},[18,85946,40994],{},[54,85948,85950],{"className":56,"code":85949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85951,85952,85960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85953,85954,85956,85958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85955,342],{"class":69},[63,85957,74],{"class":73},[63,85959,8156],{"class":81},[63,85961,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,85963,140],{"class":139},[63,85965,113],{"class":81},[63,85967,84757],{"class":139},[63,85969,113],{"class":81},[63,85971,357],{"class":145},[63,85973,100],{"class":81},[14,85975,85976],{},"Fix it by:",[29,85978,85979,85982],{},[32,85980,85981],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[32,85983,85984,85985],{},"or using ",[18,85986,83033],{},[54,85988,85990],{"className":56,"code":85989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85991,85992,86000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,85993,85994,85996,85998],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,85995,342],{"class":69},[63,85997,74],{"class":73},[63,85999,8156],{"class":81},[63,86001,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86023,86025],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86003,140],{"class":139},[63,86005,113],{"class":81},[63,86007,84757],{"class":139},[63,86009,113],{"class":81},[63,86011,357],{"class":145},[63,86013,89],{"class":81},[63,86015,26813],{"class":9491},[63,86017,74],{"class":73},[63,86019,117],{"class":116},[63,86021,86022],{"class":120},"no items",[63,86024,117],{"class":116},[63,86026,100],{"class":81},[486,86028,86030],{"id":86029},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86032,86033],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[54,86035,86037],{"className":56,"code":86036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,86038,86039,86063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86040,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86042,2097],{"class":69},[63,86044,74],{"class":73},[63,86046,1091],{"class":81},[63,86048,741],{"class":85},[63,86050,89],{"class":81},[63,86052,824],{"class":116},[63,86054,16051],{"class":120},[63,86056,117],{"class":116},[63,86058,89],{"class":81},[63,86060,4935],{"class":85},[63,86062,186],{"class":81},[63,86064,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073,86075],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86066,140],{"class":139},[63,86068,113],{"class":81},[63,86070,84757],{"class":139},[63,86072,113],{"class":81},[63,86074,2138],{"class":145},[63,86076,100],{"class":81},[14,86078,163],{},[54,86080,86082],{"className":56,"code":86081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError\n",[18,86083,86084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86085,86086],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86087,86081],{"class":77},[14,86089,86090],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86092,86093,86094,259],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,86095,84332],{},[54,86097,86099],{"className":56,"code":86098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,86100,86101,86125,86151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86102,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86104,2097],{"class":69},[63,86106,74],{"class":73},[63,86108,1091],{"class":81},[63,86110,741],{"class":85},[63,86112,89],{"class":81},[63,86114,824],{"class":116},[63,86116,16051],{"class":120},[63,86118,117],{"class":116},[63,86120,89],{"class":81},[63,86122,4935],{"class":85},[63,86124,186],{"class":81},[63,86126,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86128,70],{"class":69},[63,86130,74],{"class":73},[63,86132,1091],{"class":81},[63,86134,1039],{"class":77},[63,86136,113],{"class":81},[63,86138,2509],{"class":145},[63,86140,3997],{"class":81},[63,86142,4211],{"class":1155},[63,86144,4214],{"class":69},[63,86146,4217],{"class":1155},[63,86148,14862],{"class":69},[63,86150,186],{"class":81},[63,86152,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,86154,140],{"class":139},[63,86156,113],{"class":81},[63,86158,84757],{"class":139},[63,86160,113],{"class":81},[63,86162,146],{"class":145},[63,86164,100],{"class":81},[14,86166,163],{},[54,86168,86169],{"className":56,"code":3283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,86170,86171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86172,86173],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86174,3283],{"class":85},[14,86176,86177,86178,259],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,86179,1032],{},[486,86181,86183],{"id":86182},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86185,86186],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[54,86188,86190],{"className":56,"code":86189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,86191,86192,86224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86193,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86195,4403],{"class":69},[63,86197,74],{"class":73},[63,86199,1091],{"class":81},[63,86201,117],{"class":116},[63,86203,79657],{"class":120},[63,86205,117],{"class":116},[63,86207,89],{"class":81},[63,86209,824],{"class":116},[63,86211,58049],{"class":120},[63,86213,117],{"class":116},[63,86215,89],{"class":81},[63,86217,824],{"class":116},[63,86219,79674],{"class":120},[63,86221,117],{"class":116},[63,86223,186],{"class":81},[63,86225,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86227,140],{"class":139},[63,86229,113],{"class":81},[63,86231,84757],{"class":139},[63,86233,113],{"class":81},[63,86235,4445],{"class":145},[63,86237,100],{"class":81},[14,86239,163],{},[54,86241,86242],{"className":56,"code":85453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,86243,86244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86245,86246],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86247,85453],{"class":69},[14,86249,86250],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[54,86252,86254],{"className":56,"code":86253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,86255,86256,86288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86257,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86259,4403],{"class":69},[63,86261,74],{"class":73},[63,86263,1091],{"class":81},[63,86265,117],{"class":116},[63,86267,79657],{"class":120},[63,86269,117],{"class":116},[63,86271,89],{"class":81},[63,86273,824],{"class":116},[63,86275,58049],{"class":120},[63,86277,117],{"class":116},[63,86279,89],{"class":81},[63,86281,824],{"class":116},[63,86283,79674],{"class":120},[63,86285,117],{"class":116},[63,86287,186],{"class":81},[63,86289,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306,86308,86310,86312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86291,140],{"class":139},[63,86293,113],{"class":81},[63,86295,84757],{"class":139},[63,86297,113],{"class":81},[63,86299,4445],{"class":145},[63,86301,89],{"class":81},[63,86303,21874],{"class":9491},[63,86305,74],{"class":73},[63,86307,3779],{"class":77},[63,86309,259],{"class":81},[63,86311,8957],{"class":25042},[63,86313,100],{"class":81},[14,86315,163],{},[54,86317,86318],{"className":56,"code":85453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,86319,86320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86321,86322],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86323,85453],{"class":69},[14,86325,86326],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[49,86328,5292,86330],{"id":86329},"when-to-use-min",[18,86331,84332],{},[14,86333,222,86334,1716],{},[18,86335,84332],{},[29,86337,86338,86341,86346],{},[32,86339,86340],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[32,86342,86343,86344],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,86345,15137],{},[32,86347,86348],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86350,222,86351,86355],{},[196,86352,86353],{"href":74618},[18,86354,74521],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86357,222,86358,86363],{},[196,86359,86361],{"href":86360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,86362,82678],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[49,86365,3167],{"id":3166},[14,86367,84337],{},[29,86369,86370,86378,86381,86386,86393],{},[32,86371,86372,86373,86375,86376],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,86374,84332],{}," without using ",[18,86377,83033],{},[32,86379,86380],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[32,86382,8769,86383,86385],{},[18,86384,84332],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[32,86387,5035,86388,86390,86391,85494],{},[18,86389,15137],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,86392,84332],{},[32,86394,8733,86395,86397],{},[18,86396,83033],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86399,86400,86401,86403],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,86402,84332],{},", these quick checks can help:",[54,86405,86407],{"className":56,"code":86406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,86408,86409,86423,86433,86447,86461,86483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86410,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86412,140],{"class":139},[63,86414,113],{"class":81},[63,86416,3557],{"class":77},[63,86418,113],{"class":81},[63,86420,2138],{"class":145},[63,86422,100],{"class":81},[63,86424,86425,86427,86429,86431],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86426,140],{"class":139},[63,86428,113],{"class":81},[63,86430,2138],{"class":145},[63,86432,126],{"class":81},[63,86434,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,86436,140],{"class":139},[63,86438,113],{"class":81},[63,86440,11468],{"class":139},[63,86442,113],{"class":81},[63,86444,2138],{"class":145},[63,86446,100],{"class":81},[63,86448,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86459],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,86450,140],{"class":139},[63,86452,113],{"class":81},[63,86454,84757],{"class":139},[63,86456,113],{"class":81},[63,86458,2138],{"class":145},[63,86460,100],{"class":81},[63,86462,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,86464,140],{"class":139},[63,86466,113],{"class":81},[63,86468,84757],{"class":139},[63,86470,113],{"class":81},[63,86472,2138],{"class":145},[63,86474,89],{"class":81},[63,86476,26813],{"class":9491},[63,86478,74],{"class":73},[63,86480,4115],{"class":1205},[63,86482,100],{"class":81},[63,86484,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,86486,140],{"class":139},[63,86488,113],{"class":81},[63,86490,84757],{"class":139},[63,86492,113],{"class":81},[63,86494,4445],{"class":145},[63,86496,89],{"class":81},[63,86498,21874],{"class":9491},[63,86500,74],{"class":73},[63,86502,11468],{"class":139},[63,86504,100],{"class":81},[14,86506,86507,86508,86511,86512,86514],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,86509,86510],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,86513,2138],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[49,86516,2165],{"id":2164},[486,86518,5469,86520,5472],{"id":86519},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,86521,84332],{},[14,86523,86524],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[486,86526,5497,86528,84513],{"id":86527},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,86529,84332],{},[14,86531,86532],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[486,86534,71743],{"id":71742},[14,86536,86537,52787,86539,84525,86541,36912],{},[18,86538,84332],{},[18,86540,40994],{},[18,86542,83033],{},[486,86544,5469,86546,86548,86549,2827],{"id":86545},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,86547,15137],{}," do in ",[18,86550,84332],{},[14,86552,86553,86555,86556,86558],{},[18,86554,15137],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,86557,83586],{}," compares strings by length.",[486,86560,2169,86562,4726,86564,2827],{"id":86561},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,86563,84332],{},[18,86565,74521],{},[14,86567,86568,86570,86571,86573],{},[18,86569,84332],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,86572,74521],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[49,86575,2219],{"id":2218},[29,86577,86578,86584,86590,86596,86600,86604],{},[32,86579,86580],{},[196,86581,86582,3845],{"href":86360},[18,86583,82678],{},[32,86585,86586],{},[196,86587,86588,3845],{"href":74618},[18,86589,74521],{},[32,86591,86592],{},[196,86593,86594,3845],{"href":42648},[18,86595,42651],{},[32,86597,86598],{},[196,86599,79970],{"href":78473},[32,86601,86602],{},[196,86603,59237],{"href":59236},[32,86605,86606],{},[196,86607,65936],{"href":72975},[2259,86609,86610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":86612},[86613,86614,86616,86622,86624,86626,86631,86633,86639,86641,86642,86653],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":84816,"depth":103,"text":86615},"What min() does",{"id":84837,"depth":103,"text":84838,"children":86617},[86618,86619,86620,86621],{"id":84922,"depth":129,"text":84925},{"id":84984,"depth":129,"text":84987},{"id":85034,"depth":129,"text":85037},{"id":85128,"depth":129,"text":85131},{"id":85190,"depth":103,"text":86623},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85325,"depth":103,"text":86625},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85472,"depth":103,"text":86627,"children":86628},"Using min() with a key function",[86629,86630],{"id":85500,"depth":129,"text":85501},{"id":85575,"depth":129,"text":85576},{"id":85797,"depth":103,"text":86632},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11049,"depth":103,"text":11050,"children":86634},[86635,86637,86638],{"id":85939,"depth":129,"text":86636},"Empty list without default",{"id":86029,"depth":129,"text":86030},{"id":86182,"depth":129,"text":86183},{"id":86329,"depth":103,"text":86640},"When to use min()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":86643},[86644,86646,86648,86649,86651],{"id":86519,"depth":129,"text":86645},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86527,"depth":129,"text":86647},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71742,"depth":129,"text":71743},{"id":86545,"depth":129,"text":86650},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86561,"depth":129,"text":86652},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84699,"description":86654},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86661,"title":86662,"body":86663,"description":88842,"extension":2300,"meta":88843,"navigation":132,"path":88844,"seo":88845,"stem":88846,"__hash__":88847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86664,"toc":88806},[86665,86668,86674,86680,86682,86763,86772,86776,86781,86783,86828,86830,86910,86916,86918,86921,86953,86955,86973,86975,87048,87050,87069,87073,87076,87112,87114,87181,87255,87328,87333,87337,87343,87346,87363,87366,87368,87429,87431,87451,87457,87461,87464,87534,87537,87556,87561,87637,87640,87644,87650,87654,87659,87729,87733,87738,87812,87816,87819,87894,87905,87909,87914,88004,88009,88077,88080,88099,88110,88114,88117,88122,88125,88187,88190,88201,88206,88209,88212,88217,88220,88223,88227,88230,88236,88239,88250,88252,88314,88329,88335,88338,88341,88352,88363,88369,88372,88374,88436,88446,88452,88457,88463,88467,88473,88476,88497,88499,88504,88531,88534,88561,88564,88603,88606,88644,88647,88708,88711,88713,88717,88720,88724,88730,88738,88746,88750,88753,88757,88763,88765,88803],[10,86666,86662],{"id":86667},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86669,86670,86673],{},[18,86671,86672],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86675,86676,86677,86679],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86678,86672],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[49,86681,52],{"id":51},[54,86683,86685],{"className":56,"code":86684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86686,86687,86736,86752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86688,86689,86692,86695,86697,86699,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86717,86719,86721,86724,86726,86728,86730,86734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86690,86691],{"class":1155},"with",[63,86693,86694],{"class":139}," open",[63,86696,113],{"class":81},[63,86698,117],{"class":116},[63,86700,86701],{"class":120},"example.txt",[63,86703,117],{"class":116},[63,86705,89],{"class":81},[63,86707,824],{"class":116},[63,86709,60778],{"class":120},[63,86711,117],{"class":116},[63,86713,89],{"class":81},[63,86715,86716],{"class":9491}," encoding",[63,86718,74],{"class":73},[63,86720,117],{"class":116},[63,86722,86723],{"class":120},"utf-8",[63,86725,117],{"class":116},[63,86727,3997],{"class":81},[63,86729,47649],{"class":1155},[63,86731,86733],{"class":86732},"sMMDD"," file",[63,86735,6713],{"class":81},[63,86737,86738,86741,86743,86745,86747,86750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86739,86740],{"class":69},"    content ",[63,86742,74],{"class":73},[63,86744,86733],{"class":86732},[63,86746,259],{"class":81},[63,86748,86749],{"class":145},"read",[63,86751,279],{"class":81},[63,86753,86754,86756,86758,86761],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,86755,8386],{"class":139},[63,86757,113],{"class":81},[63,86759,86760],{"class":145},"content",[63,86762,126],{"class":81},[14,86764,222,86765,86767,86768,86771],{},[18,86766,86691],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86769,86770],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[49,86773,86775],{"id":86774},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86777,86778,86780],{},[18,86779,86672],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86782,11766],{},[29,86784,86785,86788,86793,86798],{},[32,86786,86787],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[32,86789,41196,86790,86792],{},[1217,86791,4961],{}," read or write anything by itself",[32,86794,17718,86795],{},[1217,86796,86797],{},"file object",[32,86799,86800,86801],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[29,86802,86803,86808,86813,86818,86823],{},[32,86804,86805],{},[18,86806,86807],{},"read()",[32,86809,86810],{},[18,86811,86812],{},"readline()",[32,86814,86815],{},[18,86816,86817],{},"readlines()",[32,86819,86820],{},[18,86821,86822],{},"write()",[32,86824,86825],{},[18,86826,86827],{},"close()",[14,86829,2543],{},[54,86831,86833],{"className":56,"code":86832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86834,86835,86874,86889,86899],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86836,86837,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86838,86839],{"class":86732},"file",[63,86841,13581],{"class":73},[63,86843,86694],{"class":139},[63,86845,113],{"class":81},[63,86847,117],{"class":116},[63,86849,86701],{"class":120},[63,86851,117],{"class":116},[63,86853,89],{"class":81},[63,86855,824],{"class":116},[63,86857,60778],{"class":120},[63,86859,117],{"class":116},[63,86861,89],{"class":81},[63,86863,86716],{"class":9491},[63,86865,74],{"class":73},[63,86867,117],{"class":116},[63,86869,86723],{"class":120},[63,86871,117],{"class":116},[63,86873,126],{"class":81},[63,86875,86876,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,86877,86878],{"class":69},"content ",[63,86880,74],{"class":73},[63,86882,86733],{"class":86732},[63,86884,259],{"class":81},[63,86886,86749],{"class":145},[63,86888,279],{"class":81},[63,86890,86891,86893,86895,86897],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,86892,140],{"class":139},[63,86894,113],{"class":81},[63,86896,86760],{"class":145},[63,86898,126],{"class":81},[63,86900,86901,86903,86905,86908],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,86902,86839],{"class":86732},[63,86904,259],{"class":81},[63,86906,86907],{"class":145},"close",[63,86909,279],{"class":81},[14,86911,86912,86913,86915],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86914,86691],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[49,86917,263],{"id":262},[14,86919,86920],{},"A common form is:",[54,86922,86924],{"className":56,"code":86923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86925,86926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86927,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86929,42717],{"class":139},[63,86931,113],{"class":81},[63,86933,86839],{"class":86732},[63,86935,89],{"class":81},[63,86937,86938],{"class":145}," mode",[63,86940,89],{"class":81},[63,86942,86716],{"class":9491},[63,86944,74],{"class":73},[63,86946,117],{"class":116},[63,86948,86723],{"class":120},[63,86950,117],{"class":116},[63,86952,126],{"class":81},[14,86954,65142],{},[29,86956,86957,86962,86967],{},[32,86958,86959,86961],{},[18,86960,86839],{}," is the file name or file path",[32,86963,86964,86966],{},[18,86965,21213],{}," controls how the file is opened",[32,86968,86969,86972],{},[18,86970,86971],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86974,2543],{},[54,86976,86978],{"className":56,"code":86977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86979,86980,87023,87038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,86981,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,86983,86691],{"class":1155},[63,86985,86694],{"class":139},[63,86987,113],{"class":81},[63,86989,117],{"class":116},[63,86991,86992],{"class":120},"notes.txt",[63,86994,117],{"class":116},[63,86996,89],{"class":81},[63,86998,824],{"class":116},[63,87000,60778],{"class":120},[63,87002,117],{"class":116},[63,87004,89],{"class":81},[63,87006,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87008,74],{"class":73},[63,87010,117],{"class":116},[63,87012,86723],{"class":120},[63,87014,117],{"class":116},[63,87016,3997],{"class":81},[63,87018,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87020,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87022,6713],{"class":81},[63,87024,87025,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87026,87027],{"class":69},"    text ",[63,87029,74],{"class":73},[63,87031,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87033,259],{"class":81},[63,87035,86749],{"class":145},[63,87037,279],{"class":81},[63,87039,87040,87042,87044,87046],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87041,8386],{"class":139},[63,87043,113],{"class":81},[63,87045,35002],{"class":145},[63,87047,126],{"class":81},[14,87049,20251],{},[29,87051,87052,87058,87063],{},[32,87053,87054,87057],{},[18,87055,87056],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[32,87059,87060,87062],{},[18,87061,86770],{}," means open for reading",[32,87064,87065,87068],{},[18,87066,87067],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[49,87070,87072],{"id":87071},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,87074,87075],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[29,87077,87078,87083,87089,87094,87100,87106],{},[32,87079,87080,87082],{},[18,87081,86770],{}," = read a text file",[32,87084,87085,87088],{},[18,87086,87087],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[32,87090,87091,87093],{},[18,87092,18392],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[32,87095,87096,87099],{},[18,87097,87098],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[32,87101,87102,87105],{},[18,87103,87104],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[32,87107,87108,87111],{},[18,87109,87110],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,87113,2462],{},[54,87115,87117],{"className":56,"code":87116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87118,87119,87124,87167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87120,87121],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87122,87123],{"class":1910},"# Read a text file\n",[63,87125,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87127,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87129,86694],{"class":139},[63,87131,113],{"class":81},[63,87133,117],{"class":116},[63,87135,87136],{"class":120},"data.txt",[63,87138,117],{"class":116},[63,87140,89],{"class":81},[63,87142,824],{"class":116},[63,87144,60778],{"class":120},[63,87146,117],{"class":116},[63,87148,89],{"class":81},[63,87150,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87152,74],{"class":73},[63,87154,117],{"class":116},[63,87156,86723],{"class":120},[63,87158,117],{"class":116},[63,87160,3997],{"class":81},[63,87162,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87164,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87166,6713],{"class":81},[63,87168,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87170,8386],{"class":139},[63,87172,113],{"class":81},[63,87174,86839],{"class":86732},[63,87176,259],{"class":81},[63,87178,86749],{"class":145},[63,87180,7515],{"class":81},[54,87182,87184],{"className":56,"code":87183,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,87185,87186,87191,87233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87187,87188],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87189,87190],{"class":1910},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[63,87192,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87194,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87196,86694],{"class":139},[63,87198,113],{"class":81},[63,87200,117],{"class":116},[63,87202,87136],{"class":120},[63,87204,117],{"class":116},[63,87206,89],{"class":81},[63,87208,824],{"class":116},[63,87210,60761],{"class":120},[63,87212,117],{"class":116},[63,87214,89],{"class":81},[63,87216,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87218,74],{"class":73},[63,87220,117],{"class":116},[63,87222,86723],{"class":120},[63,87224,117],{"class":116},[63,87226,3997],{"class":81},[63,87228,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87230,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87232,6713],{"class":81},[63,87234,87235,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87251,87253],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87236,87237],{"class":86732},"    file",[63,87239,259],{"class":81},[63,87241,70292],{"class":145},[63,87243,113],{"class":81},[63,87245,117],{"class":116},[63,87247,35161],{"class":120},[63,87249,87250],{"class":34746},"\\n",[63,87252,117],{"class":116},[63,87254,126],{"class":81},[54,87256,87258],{"className":56,"code":87257,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,87259,87260,87265,87307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87261,87262],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87263,87264],{"class":1910},"# Append to a text file\n",[63,87266,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87268,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87270,86694],{"class":139},[63,87272,113],{"class":81},[63,87274,117],{"class":116},[63,87276,87136],{"class":120},[63,87278,117],{"class":116},[63,87280,89],{"class":81},[63,87282,824],{"class":116},[63,87284,196],{"class":120},[63,87286,117],{"class":116},[63,87288,89],{"class":81},[63,87290,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87292,74],{"class":73},[63,87294,117],{"class":116},[63,87296,86723],{"class":120},[63,87298,117],{"class":116},[63,87300,3997],{"class":81},[63,87302,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87304,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87306,6713],{"class":81},[63,87308,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87322,87324,87326],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87310,87237],{"class":86732},[63,87312,259],{"class":81},[63,87314,70292],{"class":145},[63,87316,113],{"class":81},[63,87318,117],{"class":116},[63,87320,87321],{"class":120},"Another line",[63,87323,87250],{"class":34746},[63,87325,117],{"class":116},[63,87327,126],{"class":81},[14,87329,69444,87330,87332],{},[18,87331,87087],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[49,87334,87336],{"id":87335},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87338,87339,22269,87341,259],{},[18,87340,86672],{},[1217,87342,86797],{},[14,87344,87345],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[29,87347,87348,87353,87358],{},[32,87349,87350],{},[18,87351,87352],{},"file.read()",[32,87354,87355],{},[18,87356,87357],{},"file.write()",[32,87359,87360],{},[18,87361,87362],{},"file.close()",[14,87364,87365],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87367,2543],{},[54,87369,87371],{"className":56,"code":87370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,87372,87373,87415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87374,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87376,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87378,86694],{"class":139},[63,87380,113],{"class":81},[63,87382,117],{"class":116},[63,87384,86701],{"class":120},[63,87386,117],{"class":116},[63,87388,89],{"class":81},[63,87390,824],{"class":116},[63,87392,60778],{"class":120},[63,87394,117],{"class":116},[63,87396,89],{"class":81},[63,87398,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87400,74],{"class":73},[63,87402,117],{"class":116},[63,87404,86723],{"class":120},[63,87406,117],{"class":116},[63,87408,3997],{"class":81},[63,87410,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87412,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87414,6713],{"class":81},[63,87416,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87418,8386],{"class":139},[63,87420,113],{"class":81},[63,87422,3557],{"class":77},[63,87424,113],{"class":81},[63,87426,86839],{"class":86732},[63,87428,100],{"class":81},[14,87430,30321],{},[54,87432,87434],{"className":56,"code":87433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,87435,87436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87437,87438,87440,87442,87444,87447,87449],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87439,3626],{"class":73},[63,87441,3629],{"class":2402},[63,87443,203],{"class":116},[63,87445,87446],{"class":120},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[63,87448,193],{"class":116},[63,87450,3638],{"class":73},[14,87452,87453,87454,87456],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,87455,86672],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[49,87458,87460],{"id":87459},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87462,87463],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[54,87465,87466],{"className":56,"code":86684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,87467,87468,87510,87524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87469,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87471,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87473,86694],{"class":139},[63,87475,113],{"class":81},[63,87477,117],{"class":116},[63,87479,86701],{"class":120},[63,87481,117],{"class":116},[63,87483,89],{"class":81},[63,87485,824],{"class":116},[63,87487,60778],{"class":120},[63,87489,117],{"class":116},[63,87491,89],{"class":81},[63,87493,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87495,74],{"class":73},[63,87497,117],{"class":116},[63,87499,86723],{"class":120},[63,87501,117],{"class":116},[63,87503,3997],{"class":81},[63,87505,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87507,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87509,6713],{"class":81},[63,87511,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87513,86740],{"class":69},[63,87515,74],{"class":73},[63,87517,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87519,259],{"class":81},[63,87521,86749],{"class":145},[63,87523,279],{"class":81},[63,87525,87526,87528,87530,87532],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87527,8386],{"class":139},[63,87529,113],{"class":81},[63,87531,86760],{"class":145},[63,87533,126],{"class":81},[14,87535,87536],{},"Why this is recommended:",[29,87538,87539,87544,87550,87553],{},[32,87540,87541,87543],{},[18,87542,86691],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[32,87545,87546,87547,87549],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,87548,86827],{}," yourself",[32,87551,87552],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[32,87554,87555],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87557,83849,87558,87560],{},[18,87559,86691],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[54,87562,87563],{"className":56,"code":86832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,87564,87565,87603,87617,87627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87566,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87568,86839],{"class":86732},[63,87570,13581],{"class":73},[63,87572,86694],{"class":139},[63,87574,113],{"class":81},[63,87576,117],{"class":116},[63,87578,86701],{"class":120},[63,87580,117],{"class":116},[63,87582,89],{"class":81},[63,87584,824],{"class":116},[63,87586,60778],{"class":120},[63,87588,117],{"class":116},[63,87590,89],{"class":81},[63,87592,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87594,74],{"class":73},[63,87596,117],{"class":116},[63,87598,86723],{"class":120},[63,87600,117],{"class":116},[63,87602,126],{"class":81},[63,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87606,86878],{"class":69},[63,87608,74],{"class":73},[63,87610,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87612,259],{"class":81},[63,87614,86749],{"class":145},[63,87616,279],{"class":81},[63,87618,87619,87621,87623,87625],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87620,140],{"class":139},[63,87622,113],{"class":81},[63,87624,86760],{"class":145},[63,87626,126],{"class":81},[63,87628,87629,87631,87633,87635],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,87630,86839],{"class":86732},[63,87632,259],{"class":81},[63,87634,86907],{"class":145},[63,87636,279],{"class":81},[14,87638,87639],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[49,87641,87643],{"id":87642},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87645,87646,87647,87649],{},"Use mode ",[18,87648,86770],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[486,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87655,87656,87658],{},[18,87657,86807],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[54,87660,87661],{"className":56,"code":86684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,87662,87663,87705,87719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87664,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87666,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87668,86694],{"class":139},[63,87670,113],{"class":81},[63,87672,117],{"class":116},[63,87674,86701],{"class":120},[63,87676,117],{"class":116},[63,87678,89],{"class":81},[63,87680,824],{"class":116},[63,87682,60778],{"class":120},[63,87684,117],{"class":116},[63,87686,89],{"class":81},[63,87688,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87690,74],{"class":73},[63,87692,117],{"class":116},[63,87694,86723],{"class":120},[63,87696,117],{"class":116},[63,87698,3997],{"class":81},[63,87700,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87702,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87704,6713],{"class":81},[63,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87708,86740],{"class":69},[63,87710,74],{"class":73},[63,87712,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87714,259],{"class":81},[63,87716,86749],{"class":145},[63,87718,279],{"class":81},[63,87720,87721,87723,87725,87727],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87722,8386],{"class":139},[63,87724,113],{"class":81},[63,87726,86760],{"class":145},[63,87728,126],{"class":81},[486,87730,87732],{"id":87731},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87734,87735,87737],{},[18,87736,86812],{}," reads one line at a time.",[54,87739,87741],{"className":56,"code":87740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87742,87743,87785,87801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87744,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87746,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87748,86694],{"class":139},[63,87750,113],{"class":81},[63,87752,117],{"class":116},[63,87754,86701],{"class":120},[63,87756,117],{"class":116},[63,87758,89],{"class":81},[63,87760,824],{"class":116},[63,87762,60778],{"class":120},[63,87764,117],{"class":116},[63,87766,89],{"class":81},[63,87768,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87770,74],{"class":73},[63,87772,117],{"class":116},[63,87774,86723],{"class":120},[63,87776,117],{"class":116},[63,87778,3997],{"class":81},[63,87780,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87782,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87784,6713],{"class":81},[63,87786,87787,87790,87792,87794,87796,87799],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87788,87789],{"class":69},"    first_line ",[63,87791,74],{"class":73},[63,87793,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87795,259],{"class":81},[63,87797,87798],{"class":145},"readline",[63,87800,279],{"class":81},[63,87802,87803,87805,87807,87810],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87804,8386],{"class":139},[63,87806,113],{"class":81},[63,87808,87809],{"class":145},"first_line",[63,87811,126],{"class":81},[486,87813,87815],{"id":87814},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87817,87818],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[54,87820,87822],{"className":56,"code":87821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87823,87824,87866,87880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87825,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87827,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87829,86694],{"class":139},[63,87831,113],{"class":81},[63,87833,117],{"class":116},[63,87835,86701],{"class":120},[63,87837,117],{"class":116},[63,87839,89],{"class":81},[63,87841,824],{"class":116},[63,87843,60778],{"class":120},[63,87845,117],{"class":116},[63,87847,89],{"class":81},[63,87849,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87851,74],{"class":73},[63,87853,117],{"class":116},[63,87855,86723],{"class":120},[63,87857,117],{"class":116},[63,87859,3997],{"class":81},[63,87861,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87863,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87865,6713],{"class":81},[63,87867,87868,87871,87874,87876,87878],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87869,87870],{"class":1155},"    for",[63,87872,87873],{"class":69}," line ",[63,87875,4217],{"class":1155},[63,87877,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87879,6713],{"class":81},[63,87881,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87883,47629],{"class":139},[63,87885,113],{"class":81},[63,87887,65],{"class":145},[63,87889,259],{"class":81},[63,87891,8951],{"class":145},[63,87893,7515],{"class":81},[14,87895,87896,87897,1725,87901,259],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[196,87898,87900],{"href":87899},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[196,87902,87904],{"href":87903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[49,87906,87908],{"id":87907},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87910,222,87911,87913],{},[18,87912,87087],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[54,87915,87917],{"className":56,"code":87916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87918,87919,87962,87983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,87920,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,87922,86691],{"class":1155},[63,87924,86694],{"class":139},[63,87926,113],{"class":81},[63,87928,117],{"class":116},[63,87930,87931],{"class":120},"output.txt",[63,87933,117],{"class":116},[63,87935,89],{"class":81},[63,87937,824],{"class":116},[63,87939,60761],{"class":120},[63,87941,117],{"class":116},[63,87943,89],{"class":81},[63,87945,86716],{"class":9491},[63,87947,74],{"class":73},[63,87949,117],{"class":116},[63,87951,86723],{"class":120},[63,87953,117],{"class":116},[63,87955,3997],{"class":81},[63,87957,47649],{"class":1155},[63,87959,86733],{"class":86732},[63,87961,6713],{"class":81},[63,87963,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87977,87979,87981],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,87965,87237],{"class":86732},[63,87967,259],{"class":81},[63,87969,70292],{"class":145},[63,87971,113],{"class":81},[63,87973,117],{"class":116},[63,87975,87976],{"class":120},"First line",[63,87978,87250],{"class":34746},[63,87980,117],{"class":116},[63,87982,126],{"class":81},[63,87984,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87998,88000,88002],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,87986,87237],{"class":86732},[63,87988,259],{"class":81},[63,87990,70292],{"class":145},[63,87992,113],{"class":81},[63,87994,117],{"class":116},[63,87996,87997],{"class":120},"Second line",[63,87999,87250],{"class":34746},[63,88001,117],{"class":116},[63,88003,126],{"class":81},[14,88005,222,88006,88008],{},[18,88007,18392],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[54,88010,88012],{"className":56,"code":88011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,88013,88014,88056],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88015,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88017,86691],{"class":1155},[63,88019,86694],{"class":139},[63,88021,113],{"class":81},[63,88023,117],{"class":116},[63,88025,87931],{"class":120},[63,88027,117],{"class":116},[63,88029,89],{"class":81},[63,88031,824],{"class":116},[63,88033,196],{"class":120},[63,88035,117],{"class":116},[63,88037,89],{"class":81},[63,88039,86716],{"class":9491},[63,88041,74],{"class":73},[63,88043,117],{"class":116},[63,88045,86723],{"class":120},[63,88047,117],{"class":116},[63,88049,3997],{"class":81},[63,88051,47649],{"class":1155},[63,88053,86733],{"class":86732},[63,88055,6713],{"class":81},[63,88057,88058,88060,88062,88064,88066,88068,88071,88073,88075],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88059,87237],{"class":86732},[63,88061,259],{"class":81},[63,88063,70292],{"class":145},[63,88065,113],{"class":81},[63,88067,117],{"class":116},[63,88069,88070],{"class":120},"Third line",[63,88072,87250],{"class":34746},[63,88074,117],{"class":116},[63,88076,126],{"class":81},[14,88078,88079],{},"Important detail:",[29,88081,88082,88087,88094],{},[32,88083,88084,88086],{},[18,88085,86822],{}," writes a string",[32,88088,88089,14352,88091,88093],{},[18,88090,86822],{},[1217,88092,4961],{}," add a newline for you",[32,88095,88096,88097,87549],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,88098,87250],{},[14,88100,88101,88102,1725,88106,259],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[196,88103,88105],{"href":88104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[196,88107,88109],{"href":88108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[49,88111,88113],{"id":88112},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,88115,88116],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[486,88118,88120],{"id":88119},"encodingutf-8",[18,88121,87067],{},[14,88123,88124],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[54,88126,88128],{"className":56,"code":88127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88129,88130,88173],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88131,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88133,86691],{"class":1155},[63,88135,86694],{"class":139},[63,88137,113],{"class":81},[63,88139,117],{"class":116},[63,88141,88142],{"class":120},"message.txt",[63,88144,117],{"class":116},[63,88146,89],{"class":81},[63,88148,824],{"class":116},[63,88150,60778],{"class":120},[63,88152,117],{"class":116},[63,88154,89],{"class":81},[63,88156,86716],{"class":9491},[63,88158,74],{"class":73},[63,88160,117],{"class":116},[63,88162,86723],{"class":120},[63,88164,117],{"class":116},[63,88166,3997],{"class":81},[63,88168,47649],{"class":1155},[63,88170,86733],{"class":86732},[63,88172,6713],{"class":81},[63,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88176,8386],{"class":139},[63,88178,113],{"class":81},[63,88180,86839],{"class":86732},[63,88182,259],{"class":81},[63,88184,86749],{"class":145},[63,88186,7515],{"class":81},[14,88188,88189],{},"Why it matters:",[29,88191,88192,88195,88198],{},[32,88193,88194],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[32,88196,88197],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[32,88199,88200],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[486,88202,88204],{"id":88203},"newline",[18,88205,88203],{},[14,88207,88208],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88210,88211],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[486,88213,88215],{"id":88214},"buffering",[18,88216,88214],{},[14,88218,88219],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88221,88222],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[49,88224,88226],{"id":88225},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88228,88229],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[486,88231,88233],{"id":88232},"filenotfounderror",[18,88234,88235],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88237,88238],{},"This happens when:",[29,88240,88241,88244,88247],{},[32,88242,88243],{},"the file does not exist",[32,88245,88246],{},"the path is wrong",[32,88248,88249],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88251,2543],{},[54,88253,88255],{"className":56,"code":88254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88256,88257,88300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88258,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88260,86691],{"class":1155},[63,88262,86694],{"class":139},[63,88264,113],{"class":81},[63,88266,117],{"class":116},[63,88268,88269],{"class":120},"missing.txt",[63,88271,117],{"class":116},[63,88273,89],{"class":81},[63,88275,824],{"class":116},[63,88277,60778],{"class":120},[63,88279,117],{"class":116},[63,88281,89],{"class":81},[63,88283,86716],{"class":9491},[63,88285,74],{"class":73},[63,88287,117],{"class":116},[63,88289,86723],{"class":120},[63,88291,117],{"class":116},[63,88293,3997],{"class":81},[63,88295,47649],{"class":1155},[63,88297,86733],{"class":86732},[63,88299,6713],{"class":81},[63,88301,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88303,8386],{"class":139},[63,88305,113],{"class":81},[63,88307,86839],{"class":86732},[63,88309,259],{"class":81},[63,88311,86749],{"class":145},[63,88313,7515],{"class":81},[14,88315,88316,88317,4726,88325,259],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[196,88318,88320,88321,88324],{"href":88319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[63,88322,88323],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[196,88326,88328],{"href":88327},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[486,88330,88332],{"id":88331},"permissionerror",[18,88333,88334],{},"PermissionError",[14,88336,88337],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88339,88340],{},"Example causes:",[29,88342,88343,88346,88349],{},[32,88344,88345],{},"the file is protected",[32,88347,88348],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[32,88350,88351],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88353,88354,88355],{},"Related page: ",[196,88356,88358,88359,88362],{"href":88357},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[63,88360,88361],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[486,88364,88366],{"id":88365},"isadirectoryerror",[18,88367,88368],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88370,88371],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88373,2543],{},[54,88375,88377],{"className":56,"code":88376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88378,88379,88422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88380,88381,88383,88385,88387,88389,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88382,86691],{"class":1155},[63,88384,86694],{"class":139},[63,88386,113],{"class":81},[63,88388,117],{"class":116},[63,88390,88391],{"class":120},"my_folder",[63,88393,117],{"class":116},[63,88395,89],{"class":81},[63,88397,824],{"class":116},[63,88399,60778],{"class":120},[63,88401,117],{"class":116},[63,88403,89],{"class":81},[63,88405,86716],{"class":9491},[63,88407,74],{"class":73},[63,88409,117],{"class":116},[63,88411,86723],{"class":120},[63,88413,117],{"class":116},[63,88415,3997],{"class":81},[63,88417,47649],{"class":1155},[63,88419,86733],{"class":86732},[63,88421,6713],{"class":81},[63,88423,88424,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88425,8386],{"class":139},[63,88427,113],{"class":81},[63,88429,86839],{"class":86732},[63,88431,259],{"class":81},[63,88433,86749],{"class":145},[63,88435,7515],{"class":81},[14,88437,88354,88438],{},[196,88439,88441,88442,88445],{"href":88440},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[63,88443,88444],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[486,88447,88449],{"id":88448},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,88450,88451],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88453,88454,88455,259],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,88456,86672],{},[14,88458,88354,88459],{},[196,88460,88462],{"href":88461},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[49,88464,88466],{"id":88465},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88468,88469,88470,88472],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,88471,86672],{}," function.",[14,88474,88475],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[29,88477,88478,88481,88484,88490],{},[32,88479,88480],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[32,88482,88483],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[32,88485,88486,88487,88489],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,88488,86672],{}," itself",[32,88491,88492,88493],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[196,88494,88496],{"href":88495},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[49,88498,3167],{"id":3166},[14,88500,88501,88502,821],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,88503,86672],{},[29,88505,88506,88511,88517,88522,88525,88528],{},[32,88507,8733,88508,88510],{},[18,88509,86770],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[32,88512,88513,88514,88516],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,88515,86971],{}," for text files",[32,88518,8733,88519,88521],{},[18,88520,87087],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[32,88523,88524],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[32,88526,88527],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[32,88529,88530],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88532,88533],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[54,88535,88537],{"className":56,"code":88536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,88538,88539,88546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88540,88541,88543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88542,35385],{"class":1155},[63,88544,88545],{"class":69}," os\n",[63,88547,88548,88550,88552,88554,88556,88559],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88549,140],{"class":139},[63,88551,113],{"class":81},[63,88553,42916],{"class":145},[63,88555,259],{"class":81},[63,88557,88558],{"class":145},"getcwd",[63,88560,7515],{"class":81},[14,88562,88563],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[54,88565,88567],{"className":56,"code":88566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88568,88569,88575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88570,88571,88573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88572,35385],{"class":1155},[63,88574,88545],{"class":69},[63,88576,88577,88579,88581,88583,88585,88588,88590,88593,88595,88597,88599,88601],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88578,140],{"class":139},[63,88580,113],{"class":81},[63,88582,42916],{"class":145},[63,88584,259],{"class":81},[63,88586,88587],{"class":25042},"path",[63,88589,259],{"class":81},[63,88591,88592],{"class":145},"exists",[63,88594,113],{"class":81},[63,88596,117],{"class":116},[63,88598,86701],{"class":120},[63,88600,117],{"class":116},[63,88602,100],{"class":81},[14,88604,88605],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[54,88607,88609],{"className":56,"code":88608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88610,88611,88617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88612,88613,88615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88614,35385],{"class":1155},[63,88616,88545],{"class":69},[63,88618,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88620,140],{"class":139},[63,88622,113],{"class":81},[63,88624,42916],{"class":145},[63,88626,259],{"class":81},[63,88628,88587],{"class":25042},[63,88630,259],{"class":81},[63,88632,88633],{"class":145},"isfile",[63,88635,113],{"class":81},[63,88637,117],{"class":116},[63,88639,86701],{"class":120},[63,88641,117],{"class":116},[63,88643,100],{"class":81},[14,88645,88646],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[54,88648,88650],{"className":56,"code":88649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88651,88652,88694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88653,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88655,86691],{"class":1155},[63,88657,86694],{"class":139},[63,88659,113],{"class":81},[63,88661,117],{"class":116},[63,88663,86701],{"class":120},[63,88665,117],{"class":116},[63,88667,89],{"class":81},[63,88669,824],{"class":116},[63,88671,60778],{"class":120},[63,88673,117],{"class":116},[63,88675,89],{"class":81},[63,88677,86716],{"class":9491},[63,88679,74],{"class":73},[63,88681,117],{"class":116},[63,88683,86723],{"class":120},[63,88685,117],{"class":116},[63,88687,3997],{"class":81},[63,88689,47649],{"class":1155},[63,88691,86733],{"class":86732},[63,88693,6713],{"class":81},[63,88695,88696,88698,88700,88702,88704,88706],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88697,8386],{"class":139},[63,88699,113],{"class":81},[63,88701,86839],{"class":86732},[63,88703,259],{"class":81},[63,88705,86749],{"class":145},[63,88707,7515],{"class":81},[14,88709,88710],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[49,88712,2165],{"id":2164},[486,88714,88716],{"id":88715},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88718,88719],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[486,88721,88723],{"id":88722},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88725,88726,88727,88729],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88728,86691],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[486,88731,2169,88733,4726,88735,88737],{"id":88732},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88734,87087],{},[18,88736,18392],{}," mode?",[14,88739,88740,88742,88743,88745],{},[18,88741,87087],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88744,18392],{}," adds new content to the end.",[486,88747,88749],{"id":88748},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88751,88752],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[486,88754,88756],{"id":88755},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88758,88759,88760,88762],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88761,87067],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[49,88764,2219],{"id":2218},[29,88766,88767,88771,88775,88779,88783,88787,88791,88797],{},[32,88768,88769],{},[196,88770,87900],{"href":87899},[32,88772,88773],{},[196,88774,88105],{"href":88104},[32,88776,88777],{},[196,88778,88109],{"href":88108},[32,88780,88781],{},[196,88782,87904],{"href":87903},[32,88784,88785],{},[196,88786,88496],{"href":88495},[32,88788,88789],{},[196,88790,88328],{"href":88327},[32,88792,88793],{},[196,88794,88320,88795,88324],{"href":88319},[63,88796,88323],{},[32,88798,88799],{},[196,88800,88358,88801,88362],{"href":88357},[63,88802,88361],{},[2259,88804,88805],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":88807},[88808,88809,88810,88811,88812,88813,88814,88819,88820,88825,88831,88832,88833,88841],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":86774,"depth":103,"text":86775},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":87071,"depth":103,"text":87072},{"id":87335,"depth":103,"text":87336},{"id":87459,"depth":103,"text":87460},{"id":87642,"depth":103,"text":87643,"children":88815},[88816,88817,88818],{"id":87652,"depth":129,"text":87653},{"id":87731,"depth":129,"text":87732},{"id":87814,"depth":129,"text":87815},{"id":87907,"depth":103,"text":87908},{"id":88112,"depth":103,"text":88113,"children":88821},[88822,88823,88824],{"id":88119,"depth":129,"text":87067},{"id":88203,"depth":129,"text":88203},{"id":88214,"depth":129,"text":88214},{"id":88225,"depth":103,"text":88226,"children":88826},[88827,88828,88829,88830],{"id":88232,"depth":129,"text":88235},{"id":88331,"depth":129,"text":88334},{"id":88365,"depth":129,"text":88368},{"id":88448,"depth":129,"text":88451},{"id":88465,"depth":103,"text":88466},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":88834},[88835,88836,88837,88839,88840],{"id":88715,"depth":129,"text":88716},{"id":88722,"depth":129,"text":88723},{"id":88732,"depth":129,"text":88838},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88748,"depth":129,"text":88749},{"id":88755,"depth":129,"text":88756},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86662,"description":88842},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88849,"title":88850,"body":88851,"description":90846,"extension":2300,"meta":90847,"navigation":132,"path":90848,"seo":90849,"stem":90850,"__hash__":90851},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88852,"toc":90793},[88853,88858,88863,88869,88871,88939,88941,88960,88965,88970,88975,88978,88990,88992,89035,89037,89055,89066,89068,89070,89095,89097,89108,89110,89170,89172,89198,89201,89205,89210,89214,89217,89251,89255,89258,89283,89287,89310,89314,89347,89352,89356,89361,89364,89432,89434,89458,89463,89466,89497,89499,89531,89548,89552,89557,89581,89588,89593,89598,89601,89605,89640,89642,89651,89655,89746,89748,89779,89784,89791,89796,89805,89808,89842,89844,89858,89862,89903,89905,89914,89918,89966,89968,89982,89987,89998,90005,90011,90013,90048,90050,90064,90067,90089,90095,90124,90135,90141,90147,90161,90163,90242,90244,90294,90301,90303,90308,90312,90315,90330,90335,90337,90356,90362,90365,90380,90382,90400,90406,90411,90441,90444,90467,90470,90497,90504,90510,90518,90541,90546,90554,90556,90576,90580,90586,90636,90639,90661,90663,90669,90677,90683,90689,90697,90702,90706,90709,90732,90737,90744,90756,90758,90790],[10,88854,3912,88856,3916],{"id":88855},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88857,46743],{},[14,88859,32609,88860,88862],{},[18,88861,46743],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88864,88865,88866,88868],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88867,46743],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[49,88870,52],{"id":51},[54,88872,88874],{"className":56,"code":88873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88875,88876,88888,88897,88901,88911,88921],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88877,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88879,8194],{"class":69},[63,88881,74],{"class":73},[63,88883,824],{"class":116},[63,88885,1429],{"class":120},[63,88887,3694],{"class":116},[63,88889,88890,88892,88894],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88891,21923],{"class":69},[63,88893,74],{"class":73},[63,88895,88896],{"class":85}," 12\n",[63,88898,88899],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,88900,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,88902,88903,88905,88907,88909],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,88904,140],{"class":139},[63,88906,113],{"class":81},[63,88908,816],{"class":145},[63,88910,126],{"class":81},[63,88912,88913,88915,88917,88919],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,88914,140],{"class":139},[63,88916,113],{"class":81},[63,88918,836],{"class":145},[63,88920,126],{"class":81},[63,88922,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,88924,140],{"class":139},[63,88926,113],{"class":81},[63,88928,117],{"class":116},[63,88930,35161],{"class":120},[63,88932,117],{"class":116},[63,88934,89],{"class":81},[63,88936,36286],{"class":145},[63,88938,126],{"class":81},[14,88940,163],{},[54,88942,88944],{"className":56,"code":88943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88945,88946,88951,88955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88947,88948],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,88949,88950],{"class":69},"Mia\n",[63,88952,88953],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,88954,2561],{"class":85},[63,88956,88957],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,88958,88959],{"class":69},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88961,222,88962,88964],{},[18,88963,46743],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[49,88966,4014,88968,4017],{"id":88967},"what-print-does",[18,88969,46743],{},[14,88971,88972,88974],{},[18,88973,46743],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88976,88977],{},"You can use it to display:",[29,88979,88980,88982,88984,88987],{},[32,88981,35002],{},[32,88983,146],{},[32,88985,88986],{},"variables",[32,88988,88989],{},"expressions",[14,88991,2543],{},[54,88993,88995],{"className":56,"code":88994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88996,88997,89011,89021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89000,140],{"class":139},[63,89002,113],{"class":81},[63,89004,117],{"class":116},[63,89006,35161],{"class":120},[63,89008,117],{"class":116},[63,89010,126],{"class":81},[63,89012,89013,89015,89017,89019],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89014,140],{"class":139},[63,89016,113],{"class":81},[63,89018,661],{"class":85},[63,89020,126],{"class":81},[63,89022,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031,89033],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,89024,140],{"class":139},[63,89026,113],{"class":81},[63,89028,2394],{"class":85},[63,89030,2789],{"class":73},[63,89032,97],{"class":85},[63,89034,126],{"class":81},[14,89036,163],{},[54,89038,89040],{"className":56,"code":89039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,89041,89042,89047,89051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89043,89044],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89045,89046],{"class":69},"Hello\n",[63,89048,89049],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89050,3283],{"class":85},[63,89052,89053],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,89054,3283],{"class":85},[14,89056,89057,89058,89060,89061,89065],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,89059,46743],{}," ",[1217,89062,4029,89063],{},[18,89064,4115],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[49,89067,263],{"id":262},[14,89069,31016],{},[54,89071,89073],{"className":56,"code":89072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,89074,89075],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89076,89077,89079,89081,89084,89086,89089,89091,89093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89078,140],{"class":139},[63,89080,113],{"class":81},[63,89082,89083],{"class":145},"object1",[63,89085,89],{"class":81},[63,89087,89088],{"class":145}," object2",[63,89090,89],{"class":81},[63,89092,34747],{"class":139},[63,89094,126],{"class":81},[14,89096,80300],{},[29,89098,89099,89102,89105],{},[32,89100,89101],{},"one value",[32,89103,89104],{},"many values",[32,89106,89107],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89109,2543],{},[54,89111,89113],{"className":56,"code":89112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,89114,89115,89129,89148],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89118,140],{"class":139},[63,89120,113],{"class":81},[63,89122,117],{"class":116},[63,89124,58049],{"class":120},[63,89126,117],{"class":116},[63,89128,126],{"class":81},[63,89130,89131,89133,89135,89137,89140,89142,89144,89146],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89132,140],{"class":139},[63,89134,113],{"class":81},[63,89136,117],{"class":116},[63,89138,89139],{"class":120},"Score:",[63,89141,117],{"class":116},[63,89143,89],{"class":81},[63,89145,6324],{"class":85},[63,89147,126],{"class":81},[63,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,89151,140],{"class":139},[63,89153,113],{"class":81},[63,89155,117],{"class":116},[63,89157,45855],{"class":120},[63,89159,117],{"class":116},[63,89161,89],{"class":81},[63,89163,705],{"class":85},[63,89165,2789],{"class":73},[63,89167,37934],{"class":85},[63,89169,126],{"class":81},[14,89171,163],{},[54,89173,89175],{"className":56,"code":89174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,89176,89177,89181,89190],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89178,89179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89180,85453],{"class":69},[63,89182,89183,89186,89188],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89184,89185],{"class":69},"Score",[63,89187,821],{"class":81},[63,89189,2923],{"class":85},[63,89191,89192,89194,89196],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,89193,45895],{"class":69},[63,89195,821],{"class":81},[63,89197,2923],{"class":85},[14,89199,89200],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[49,89202,89204],{"id":89203},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89206,89207,89208,259],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,89209,46743],{},[486,89211,89213],{"id":89212},"print-text","Print text",[14,89215,89216],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[54,89218,89220],{"className":56,"code":89219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,89221,89222,89236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89225,140],{"class":139},[63,89227,113],{"class":81},[63,89229,117],{"class":116},[63,89231,35161],{"class":120},[63,89233,117],{"class":116},[63,89235,126],{"class":81},[63,89237,89238,89240,89242,89244,89247,89249],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89239,140],{"class":139},[63,89241,113],{"class":81},[63,89243,117],{"class":116},[63,89245,89246],{"class":120},"Python is fun",[63,89248,117],{"class":116},[63,89250,126],{"class":81},[486,89252,89254],{"id":89253},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89256,89257],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[54,89259,89261],{"className":56,"code":89260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,89262,89263,89273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89264,89265,89267,89269,89271],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89266,140],{"class":139},[63,89268,113],{"class":81},[63,89270,661],{"class":85},[63,89272,126],{"class":81},[63,89274,89275,89277,89279,89281],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89276,140],{"class":139},[63,89278,113],{"class":81},[63,89280,40433],{"class":85},[63,89282,126],{"class":81},[486,89284,89286],{"id":89285},"print-variables","Print variables",[54,89288,89290],{"className":56,"code":89289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,89291,89292,89300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89293,89294,89296,89298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89295,5424],{"class":69},[63,89297,74],{"class":73},[63,89299,14429],{"class":85},[63,89301,89302,89304,89306,89308],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89303,140],{"class":139},[63,89305,113],{"class":81},[63,89307,85617],{"class":145},[63,89309,126],{"class":81},[486,89311,89313],{"id":89312},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[54,89315,89317],{"className":56,"code":89316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,89318,89319,89333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89320,89321,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89322,140],{"class":139},[63,89324,113],{"class":81},[63,89326,2394],{"class":85},[63,89328,2789],{"class":73},[63,89330,97],{"class":85},[63,89332,126],{"class":81},[63,89334,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89336,140],{"class":139},[63,89338,113],{"class":81},[63,89340,741],{"class":85},[63,89342,82929],{"class":73},[63,89344,705],{"class":85},[63,89346,126],{"class":81},[14,89348,89349,89350,259],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[196,89351,51269],{"href":51268},[49,89353,89355],{"id":89354},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89357,89358,89360],{},[18,89359,46743],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89362,89363],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[54,89365,89367],{"className":56,"code":89366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89368,89369,89382,89390,89394,89413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89370,89371,89373,89375,89377,89380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89372,8194],{"class":69},[63,89374,74],{"class":73},[63,89376,824],{"class":116},[63,89378,89379],{"class":120},"Ava",[63,89381,3694],{"class":116},[63,89383,89384,89386,89388],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89385,21923],{"class":69},[63,89387,74],{"class":73},[63,89389,2923],{"class":85},[63,89391,89392],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,89393,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,89395,89396,89398,89400,89402,89405,89407,89409,89411],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,89397,140],{"class":139},[63,89399,113],{"class":81},[63,89401,117],{"class":116},[63,89403,89404],{"class":120},"Name:",[63,89406,117],{"class":116},[63,89408,89],{"class":81},[63,89410,36286],{"class":145},[63,89412,126],{"class":81},[63,89414,89415,89417,89419,89421,89424,89426,89428,89430],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,89416,140],{"class":139},[63,89418,113],{"class":81},[63,89420,117],{"class":116},[63,89422,89423],{"class":120},"Age:",[63,89425,117],{"class":116},[63,89427,89],{"class":81},[63,89429,9504],{"class":145},[63,89431,126],{"class":81},[14,89433,163],{},[54,89435,89437],{"className":56,"code":89436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,89438,89439,89449],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89440,89441,89444,89446],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89442,89443],{"class":69},"Name",[63,89445,821],{"class":81},[63,89447,89448],{"class":69}," Ava\n",[63,89450,89451,89454,89456],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89452,89453],{"class":69},"Age",[63,89455,821],{"class":81},[63,89457,2923],{"class":85},[14,89459,89460,89461,259],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,89462,2397],{},[14,89464,89465],{},"For example, this works:",[54,89467,89469],{"className":56,"code":89468,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89470,89471,89479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89472,89473,89475,89477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89474,21923],{"class":69},[63,89476,74],{"class":73},[63,89478,2923],{"class":85},[63,89480,89481,89483,89485,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89482,140],{"class":139},[63,89484,113],{"class":81},[63,89486,117],{"class":116},[63,89488,89423],{"class":120},[63,89490,117],{"class":116},[63,89492,89],{"class":81},[63,89494,9504],{"class":145},[63,89496,126],{"class":81},[14,89498,37217],{},[54,89500,89502],{"className":56,"code":89501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,89503,89504,89512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89505,89506,89508,89510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89507,21923],{"class":69},[63,89509,74],{"class":73},[63,89511,2923],{"class":85},[63,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520,89523,89525,89527,89529],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89515,140],{"class":139},[63,89517,113],{"class":81},[63,89519,117],{"class":116},[63,89521,89522],{"class":120},"Age: ",[63,89524,117],{"class":116},[63,89526,2789],{"class":73},[63,89528,9504],{"class":145},[63,89530,126],{"class":81},[14,89532,89533,89534,89537,89538,89540,89541,89543,89544,259],{},"That fails because ",[18,89535,89536],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,89539,836],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,89542,2397],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[196,89545,89546],{"href":42465},[18,89547,47975],{},[49,89549,89551],{"id":89550},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89553,89554,89556],{},[18,89555,46743],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[29,89558,89559,89565,89570,89575],{},[32,89560,89561,89564],{},[18,89562,89563],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[32,89566,89567,89569],{},[18,89568,52951],{}," controls what is added after the output",[32,89571,89572,89574],{},[18,89573,86839],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[32,89576,89577,89580],{},[18,89578,89579],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89582,89583,89584,4726,89586,259],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89585,89563],{},[18,89587,52951],{},[49,89589,89591,36906],{"id":89590},"sep-argument",[18,89592,89563],{},[14,89594,2317,89595,89597],{},[18,89596,89563],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89599,89600],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[486,89602,89604],{"id":89603},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[54,89606,89608],{"className":56,"code":89607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89609,89610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89611,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89613,140],{"class":139},[63,89615,113],{"class":81},[63,89617,117],{"class":116},[63,89619,13398],{"class":120},[63,89621,117],{"class":116},[63,89623,89],{"class":81},[63,89625,824],{"class":116},[63,89627,17752],{"class":120},[63,89629,117],{"class":116},[63,89631,89],{"class":81},[63,89633,824],{"class":116},[63,89635,13415],{"class":120},[63,89637,117],{"class":116},[63,89639,126],{"class":81},[14,89641,163],{},[54,89643,89645],{"className":56,"code":89644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red green blue\n",[18,89646,89647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89648,89649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89650,89644],{"class":69},[486,89652,89654],{"id":89653},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[54,89656,89658],{"className":56,"code":89657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89659,89660,89703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89661,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89663,140],{"class":139},[63,89665,113],{"class":81},[63,89667,117],{"class":116},[63,89669,13398],{"class":120},[63,89671,117],{"class":116},[63,89673,89],{"class":81},[63,89675,824],{"class":116},[63,89677,17752],{"class":120},[63,89679,117],{"class":116},[63,89681,89],{"class":81},[63,89683,824],{"class":116},[63,89685,13415],{"class":120},[63,89687,117],{"class":116},[63,89689,89],{"class":81},[63,89691,89692],{"class":9491}," sep",[63,89694,74],{"class":73},[63,89696,117],{"class":116},[63,89698,89],{"class":120},[63,89700,117],{"class":116},[63,89702,126],{"class":81},[63,89704,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89742,89744],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89706,140],{"class":139},[63,89708,113],{"class":81},[63,89710,117],{"class":116},[63,89712,13398],{"class":120},[63,89714,117],{"class":116},[63,89716,89],{"class":81},[63,89718,824],{"class":116},[63,89720,17752],{"class":120},[63,89722,117],{"class":116},[63,89724,89],{"class":81},[63,89726,824],{"class":116},[63,89728,13415],{"class":120},[63,89730,117],{"class":116},[63,89732,89],{"class":81},[63,89734,89692],{"class":9491},[63,89736,74],{"class":73},[63,89738,117],{"class":116},[63,89740,89741],{"class":120}," - ",[63,89743,117],{"class":116},[63,89745,126],{"class":81},[14,89747,163],{},[54,89749,89751],{"className":56,"code":89750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89752,89753,89765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89754,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89756,13398],{"class":69},[63,89758,89],{"class":81},[63,89760,17752],{"class":69},[63,89762,89],{"class":81},[63,89764,70078],{"class":69},[63,89766,89767,89770,89772,89775,89777],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89768,89769],{"class":69},"red ",[63,89771,2359],{"class":73},[63,89773,89774],{"class":69}," green ",[63,89776,2359],{"class":73},[63,89778,36176],{"class":69},[14,89780,89781,89783],{},[18,89782,89563],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89785,89786,89787,259],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[196,89788,89790],{"href":89789},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[49,89792,89794,36906],{"id":89793},"end-argument",[18,89795,52951],{},[14,89797,89798,89799,89801,89802,89804],{},"By default, ",[18,89800,46743],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89803,46743],{}," starts on a new line.",[486,89806,89604],{"id":89807},"default-behavior-1",[54,89809,89811],{"className":56,"code":89810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89812,89813,89827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89816,140],{"class":139},[63,89818,113],{"class":81},[63,89820,117],{"class":116},[63,89822,35161],{"class":120},[63,89824,117],{"class":116},[63,89826,126],{"class":81},[63,89828,89829,89831,89833,89835,89838,89840],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89830,140],{"class":139},[63,89832,113],{"class":81},[63,89834,117],{"class":116},[63,89836,89837],{"class":120},"World",[63,89839,117],{"class":116},[63,89841,126],{"class":81},[14,89843,163],{},[54,89845,89847],{"className":56,"code":89846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89848,89849,89853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89850,89851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89852,89046],{"class":69},[63,89854,89855],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89856,89857],{"class":69},"World\n",[486,89859,89861],{"id":89860},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[54,89863,89865],{"className":56,"code":89864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89866,89867,89889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89868,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89870,140],{"class":139},[63,89872,113],{"class":81},[63,89874,117],{"class":116},[63,89876,35161],{"class":120},[63,89878,117],{"class":116},[63,89880,89],{"class":81},[63,89882,65137],{"class":9491},[63,89884,74],{"class":73},[63,89886,6592],{"class":116},[63,89888,126],{"class":81},[63,89890,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89892,140],{"class":139},[63,89894,113],{"class":81},[63,89896,117],{"class":116},[63,89898,89837],{"class":120},[63,89900,117],{"class":116},[63,89902,126],{"class":81},[14,89904,163],{},[54,89906,89908],{"className":56,"code":89907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89909,89910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89911,89912],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89913,89907],{"class":69},[486,89915,89917],{"id":89916},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[54,89919,89921],{"className":56,"code":89920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89922,89923,89952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89924,89925,89927,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89946,89948,89950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89926,140],{"class":139},[63,89928,113],{"class":81},[63,89930,117],{"class":116},[63,89932,35161],{"class":120},[63,89934,117],{"class":116},[63,89936,89],{"class":81},[63,89938,65137],{"class":9491},[63,89940,74],{"class":73},[63,89942,117],{"class":116},[63,89944,89945],{"class":120},"!",[63,89947,87250],{"class":34746},[63,89949,117],{"class":116},[63,89951,126],{"class":81},[63,89953,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89955,140],{"class":139},[63,89957,113],{"class":81},[63,89959,117],{"class":116},[63,89961,89837],{"class":120},[63,89963,117],{"class":116},[63,89965,126],{"class":81},[14,89967,163],{},[54,89969,89971],{"className":56,"code":89970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89972,89973,89978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,89974,89975],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,89976,89977],{"class":69},"Hello!\n",[63,89979,89980],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,89981,89857],{"class":69},[14,89983,2317,89984,89986],{},[18,89985,52951],{}," argument is useful for:",[29,89988,89989,89992,89995],{},[32,89990,89991],{},"progress messages",[32,89993,89994],{},"inline output",[32,89996,89997],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[49,89999,90001,2732,90003],{"id":90000},"print-returns-none",[18,90002,46743],{},[18,90004,4115],{},[14,90006,90007,90008,90010],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,90009,46743],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90012,2543],{},[54,90014,90016],{"className":56,"code":90015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,90017,90018,90038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90019,90020,90022,90024,90027,90029,90031,90034,90036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90021,851],{"class":69},[63,90023,74],{"class":73},[63,90025,90026],{"class":139}," print",[63,90028,113],{"class":81},[63,90030,117],{"class":116},[63,90032,90033],{"class":120},"Hi",[63,90035,117],{"class":116},[63,90037,126],{"class":81},[63,90039,90040,90042,90044,90046],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90041,140],{"class":139},[63,90043,113],{"class":81},[63,90045,875],{"class":145},[63,90047,126],{"class":81},[14,90049,163],{},[54,90051,90053],{"className":56,"code":90052,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,90054,90055,90060],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90056,90057],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90058,90059],{"class":69},"Hi\n",[63,90061,90062],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90063,12117],{"class":1205},[14,90065,90066],{},"Why does this happen?",[29,90068,90069,90077,90082],{},[32,90070,90071,90074,90075],{},[18,90072,90073],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,90076,90033],{},[32,90078,90079,90080],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,90081,4115],{},[32,90083,90084,90085,12229,90087],{},"so ",[18,90086,875],{},[18,90088,4115],{},[14,90090,90091,90092,90094],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,90093,46743],{}," call.",[54,90096,90098],{"className":56,"code":90097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,90099,90100,90113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90101,90102,90105,90107,90109,90111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90103,90104],{"class":69},"message ",[63,90106,74],{"class":73},[63,90108,824],{"class":116},[63,90110,90033],{"class":120},[63,90112,3694],{"class":116},[63,90114,90115,90117,90119,90122],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90116,140],{"class":139},[63,90118,113],{"class":81},[63,90120,90121],{"class":145},"message",[63,90123,126],{"class":81},[14,90125,90126,90127,90129,90130,90134],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,90128,46743],{}," with functions like ",[196,90131,90132],{"href":8534},[18,90133,3294],{},", which do return a value.",[49,90136,90138,90139],{"id":90137},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,90140,46743],{},[14,90142,90143,90144,90146],{},"Beginners use ",[18,90145,46743],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[29,90148,90149,90152,90155,90158],{},[32,90150,90151],{},"to display results to the user",[32,90153,90154],{},"to show messages in a script",[32,90156,90157],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[32,90159,90160],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90162,2543],{},[54,90164,90166],{"className":56,"code":90165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,90167,90168,90176,90180,90200,90211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90169,90170,90172,90174],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90171,41473],{"class":69},[63,90173,74],{"class":73},[63,90175,38802],{"class":85},[63,90177,90178],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90179,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,90181,90182,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,90183,6277],{"class":1155},[63,90185,6706],{"class":69},[63,90187,4217],{"class":1155},[63,90189,54357],{"class":139},[63,90191,113],{"class":81},[63,90193,86],{"class":85},[63,90195,89],{"class":81},[63,90197,705],{"class":85},[63,90199,8657],{"class":81},[63,90201,90202,90205,90208],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,90203,90204],{"class":69},"    total ",[63,90206,90207],{"class":73},"+=",[63,90209,90210],{"class":69}," number\n",[63,90212,90213,90215,90217,90219,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,90214,8386],{"class":139},[63,90216,113],{"class":81},[63,90218,117],{"class":116},[63,90220,90221],{"class":120},"Current number:",[63,90223,117],{"class":116},[63,90225,89],{"class":81},[63,90227,2532],{"class":145},[63,90229,89],{"class":81},[63,90231,824],{"class":116},[63,90233,45855],{"class":120},[63,90235,117],{"class":116},[63,90237,89],{"class":81},[63,90239,45862],{"class":145},[63,90241,126],{"class":81},[14,90243,163],{},[54,90245,90247],{"className":56,"code":90246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,90248,90249,90265,90279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90250,90251,90254,90256,90258,90261,90263],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90252,90253],{"class":69},"Current number",[63,90255,821],{"class":81},[63,90257,692],{"class":85},[63,90259,90260],{"class":69}," Total",[63,90262,821],{"class":81},[63,90264,29906],{"class":85},[63,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90268,90253],{"class":69},[63,90270,821],{"class":81},[63,90272,92],{"class":85},[63,90274,90260],{"class":69},[63,90276,821],{"class":81},[63,90278,2913],{"class":85},[63,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,90282,90253],{"class":69},[63,90284,821],{"class":81},[63,90286,97],{"class":85},[63,90288,90260],{"class":69},[63,90290,821],{"class":81},[63,90292,90293],{"class":85}," 6\n",[14,90295,90296,90297,259],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[196,90298,90300],{"href":90299},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[49,90302,3167],{"id":3166},[14,90304,90305,90306,259],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,90307,46743],{},[486,90309,90311],{"id":90310},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90313,90314],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[54,90316,90318],{"className":56,"code":90317,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(Hello)\n",[18,90319,90320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90321,90322,90324,90326,90328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90323,140],{"class":139},[63,90325,113],{"class":81},[63,90327,35161],{"class":145},[63,90329,126],{"class":81},[14,90331,9192,90332,90334],{},[18,90333,35161],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90336,11113],{},[54,90338,90340],{"className":56,"code":90339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90341,90342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90343,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90345,140],{"class":139},[63,90347,113],{"class":81},[63,90349,117],{"class":116},[63,90351,35161],{"class":120},[63,90353,117],{"class":116},[63,90355,126],{"class":81},[486,90357,8733,90359,90361],{"id":90358},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,90360,140],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90363,90364],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[54,90366,90368],{"className":56,"code":90367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,90369,90370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90371,90372,90374,90376,90378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90373,140],{"class":139},[63,90375,824],{"class":116},[63,90377,35161],{"class":120},[63,90379,3694],{"class":116},[14,90381,11113],{},[54,90383,90384],{"className":56,"code":90339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,90385,90386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90387,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90389,140],{"class":139},[63,90391,113],{"class":81},[63,90393,117],{"class":116},[63,90395,35161],{"class":120},[63,90397,117],{"class":116},[63,90399,126],{"class":81},[486,90401,90403,90404],{"id":90402},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,90405,2397],{},[14,90407,90408,90409,259],{},"This causes a ",[18,90410,1032],{},[54,90412,90413],{"className":56,"code":89501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,90414,90415,90423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90416,90417,90419,90421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90418,21923],{"class":69},[63,90420,74],{"class":73},[63,90422,2923],{"class":85},[63,90424,90425,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90426,140],{"class":139},[63,90428,113],{"class":81},[63,90430,117],{"class":116},[63,90432,89522],{"class":120},[63,90434,117],{"class":116},[63,90436,2789],{"class":73},[63,90438,9504],{"class":145},[63,90440,126],{"class":81},[14,90442,90443],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[54,90445,90447],{"className":56,"code":90446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,90448,90449],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90450,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90452,140],{"class":139},[63,90454,113],{"class":81},[63,90456,117],{"class":116},[63,90458,89423],{"class":120},[63,90460,117],{"class":116},[63,90462,89],{"class":81},[63,90464,9504],{"class":145},[63,90466,126],{"class":81},[14,90468,90469],{},"Or convert the number first:",[54,90471,90473],{"className":56,"code":90472,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,90474,90475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90476,90477,90479,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90478,140],{"class":139},[63,90480,113],{"class":81},[63,90482,117],{"class":116},[63,90484,89522],{"class":120},[63,90486,117],{"class":116},[63,90488,2789],{"class":73},[63,90490,49196],{"class":77},[63,90492,113],{"class":81},[63,90494,836],{"class":145},[63,90496,100],{"class":81},[14,90498,90499,90500,259],{},"If you see this error, read ",[196,90501,90503],{"href":90502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[486,90505,8769,90507,90509],{"id":90506},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,90508,46743],{}," to return a value",[14,90511,90512,90513,35624,90516,821],{},"This does not store ",[18,90514,90515],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,90517,875],{},[54,90519,90521],{"className":56,"code":90520,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,90522,90523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90524,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90526,851],{"class":69},[63,90528,74],{"class":73},[63,90530,90026],{"class":139},[63,90532,113],{"class":81},[63,90534,117],{"class":116},[63,90536,35161],{"class":120},[63,90538,117],{"class":116},[63,90540,126],{"class":81},[14,90542,90543,90544,259],{},"It stores ",[18,90545,4115],{},[486,90547,90549,90550,4726,90552],{"id":90548},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,90551,89563],{},[18,90553,52951],{},[14,90555,85909],{},[29,90557,90558,90567],{},[32,90559,90560,90562,90563,90566],{},[18,90561,89563],{}," changes what goes ",[1217,90564,90565],{},"between"," multiple values",[32,90568,90569,90571,90572,90575],{},[18,90570,52951],{}," changes what appears ",[1217,90573,90574],{},"after"," the output",[49,90577,90579],{"id":90578},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90581,90582,90583,90585],{},"These simple ",[18,90584,46743],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[54,90587,90589],{"className":56,"code":90588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90590,90591,90611,90626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90592,90593,90595,90597,90599,90602,90604,90606,90609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90594,140],{"class":139},[63,90596,113],{"class":81},[63,90598,117],{"class":116},[63,90600,90601],{"class":120},"Debug:",[63,90603,117],{"class":116},[63,90605,89],{"class":81},[63,90607,90608],{"class":145}," variable_name",[63,90610,126],{"class":81},[63,90612,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621,90624],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90614,140],{"class":139},[63,90616,113],{"class":81},[63,90618,3557],{"class":77},[63,90620,113],{"class":81},[63,90622,90623],{"class":145},"variable_name",[63,90625,100],{"class":81},[63,90627,90628,90630,90632,90634],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,90629,32444],{"class":139},[63,90631,113],{"class":81},[63,90633,140],{"class":139},[63,90635,126],{"class":81},[14,90637,90638],{},"What they do:",[29,90640,90641,90647,90653],{},[32,90642,90643,90646],{},[18,90644,90645],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[32,90648,90649,90652],{},[18,90650,90651],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[32,90654,90655,90658,90659],{},[18,90656,90657],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90660,46743],{},[49,90662,2165],{"id":2164},[486,90664,13011,90666,90668],{"id":90665},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90667,46743],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90670,90671,90672,90674,90675,36912],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90673,46743],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90676,52951],{},[486,90678,5497,90680,90682],{"id":90679},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90681,46743],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90684,90685,90686,90688],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90687,46743],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[486,90690,5485,90692,5488,90695,2827],{"id":90691},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90693,90694],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90696,4115],{},[14,90698,29352,90699,90701],{},[18,90700,46743],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[486,90703,90705],{"id":90704},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90707,90708],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[54,90710,90712],{"className":56,"code":90711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90713,90714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90715,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90717,140],{"class":139},[63,90719,113],{"class":81},[63,90721,117],{"class":116},[63,90723,89423],{"class":120},[63,90725,117],{"class":116},[63,90727,89],{"class":81},[63,90729,6324],{"class":85},[63,90731,126],{"class":81},[14,90733,90734,90735,40219],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90736,47975],{},[486,90738,2169,90740,4726,90742,2827],{"id":90739},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90741,89563],{},[18,90743,52951],{},[29,90745,90746,90751],{},[32,90747,90748,90750],{},[18,90749,89563],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[32,90752,90753,90755],{},[18,90754,52951],{}," changes what appears after the output",[49,90757,2219],{"id":2218},[29,90759,90760,90764,90770,90776,90781,90786],{},[32,90761,90762],{},[196,90763,51269],{"href":51268},[32,90765,90766],{},[196,90767,3912,90768,3845],{"href":8534},[18,90769,3294],{},[32,90771,90772],{},[196,90773,3912,90774,3845],{"href":42465},[18,90775,47975],{},[32,90777,90778],{},[196,90779,90780],{"href":89789},"How to format strings in Python",[32,90782,90783],{},[196,90784,90785],{"href":90299},"How to debug Python code",[32,90787,90788],{},[196,90789,90503],{"href":90502},[2259,90791,90792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":90794},[90795,90796,90798,90799,90805,90806,90807,90812,90818,90820,90822,90833,90834,90845],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":88967,"depth":103,"text":90797},"What print() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":89203,"depth":103,"text":89204,"children":90800},[90801,90802,90803,90804],{"id":89212,"depth":129,"text":89213},{"id":89253,"depth":129,"text":89254},{"id":89285,"depth":129,"text":89286},{"id":89312,"depth":129,"text":89313},{"id":89354,"depth":103,"text":89355},{"id":89550,"depth":103,"text":89551},{"id":89590,"depth":103,"text":90808,"children":90809},"sep argument",[90810,90811],{"id":89603,"depth":129,"text":89604},{"id":89653,"depth":129,"text":89654},{"id":89793,"depth":103,"text":90813,"children":90814},"end argument",[90815,90816,90817],{"id":89807,"depth":129,"text":89604},{"id":89860,"depth":129,"text":89861},{"id":89916,"depth":129,"text":89917},{"id":90000,"depth":103,"text":90819},"print() returns None",{"id":90137,"depth":103,"text":90821},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":90823},[90824,90825,90827,90829,90831],{"id":90310,"depth":129,"text":90311},{"id":90358,"depth":129,"text":90826},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90402,"depth":129,"text":90828},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90506,"depth":129,"text":90830},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90548,"depth":129,"text":90832},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90578,"depth":103,"text":90579},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":90835},[90836,90838,90840,90842,90843],{"id":90665,"depth":129,"text":90837},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90679,"depth":129,"text":90839},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90691,"depth":129,"text":90841},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90704,"depth":129,"text":90705},{"id":90739,"depth":129,"text":90844},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88850,"description":90846},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90853,"title":90854,"body":90855,"description":93159,"extension":2300,"meta":93160,"navigation":132,"path":93161,"seo":93162,"stem":93163,"__hash__":93164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90856,"toc":93105},[90857,90862,90867,90880,90882,90947,90958,90963,90968,90970,90993,90996,91027,91029,91046,91051,91057,91062,91111,91114,91131,91137,91142,91165,91167,91195,91201,91209,91236,91238,91263,91269,91272,91303,91305,91334,91338,91341,91346,91368,91370,91398,91404,91410,91436,91438,91462,91468,91474,91504,91506,91534,91544,91548,91554,91587,91589,91618,91621,91624,91657,91659,91667,91673,91675,91698,91703,91712,91717,91731,91733,91773,91775,91805,91809,91844,91850,91854,91898,91900,91930,91936,91939,92018,92020,92042,92050,92053,92116,92124,92199,92205,92212,92217,92222,92245,92247,92268,92270,92283,92285,92332,92334,92373,92382,92384,92388,92392,92395,92422,92425,92454,92457,92481,92484,92492,92498,92520,92522,92550,92554,92559,92614,92619,92621,92678,92685,92694,92697,92729,92731,92739,92742,92748,92750,92773,92776,92782,92785,92804,92806,92825,92828,92850,92852,92880,92884,92888,92993,92995,93008,93010,93016,93019,93027,93032,93038,93044,93049,93057,93063,93070,93072,93102],[10,90858,3912,90860,3916],{"id":90859},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90861,716],{},[14,90863,32609,90864,90866],{},[18,90865,716],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90868,90869,90870,90872,90873,90875,90876,90879],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90871,6277],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90874,716],{}," stops ",[1217,90877,90878],{},"before"," the end value.",[49,90881,52],{"id":51},[54,90883,90885],{"className":56,"code":90884,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90886,90887,90903,90913,90917,90922,90927,90932,90937,90942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,90888,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,90890,6277],{"class":1155},[63,90892,69645],{"class":69},[63,90894,4217],{"class":1155},[63,90896,54357],{"class":139},[63,90898,113],{"class":81},[63,90900,661],{"class":85},[63,90902,8657],{"class":81},[63,90904,90905,90907,90909,90911],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,90906,8386],{"class":139},[63,90908,113],{"class":81},[63,90910,994],{"class":145},[63,90912,126],{"class":81},[63,90914,90915],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,90916,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,90918,90919],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,90920,90921],{"class":1910},"# Output:\n",[63,90923,90924],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,90925,90926],{"class":1910},"# 0\n",[63,90928,90929],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,90930,90931],{"class":1910},"# 1\n",[63,90933,90934],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,90935,90936],{"class":1910},"# 2\n",[63,90938,90939],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,90940,90941],{"class":1910},"# 3\n",[63,90943,90944],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,90945,90946],{"class":1910},"# 4\n",[14,90948,90949,90952,90953,90955,90956,259],{},[18,90950,90951],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90954,687],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90957,661],{},[49,90959,4014,90961,4017],{"id":90960},"what-range-does",[18,90962,716],{},[14,90964,90965,90967],{},[18,90966,716],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90969,13357],{},[29,90971,90972,90977,90983,90988],{},[32,90973,90974,90976],{},[18,90975,716],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[32,90978,90979,90980,90982],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90981,6277],{}," loops",[32,90984,90985,90986],{},"The stop value is ",[1217,90987,65166],{},[32,90989,17718,90990,90992],{},[18,90991,40],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90994,90995],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[54,90997,90999],{"className":56,"code":90998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,91000,91001,91017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91002,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91004,6277],{"class":1155},[63,91006,6706],{"class":69},[63,91008,4217],{"class":1155},[63,91010,54357],{"class":139},[63,91012,113],{"class":81},[63,91014,1248],{"class":85},[63,91016,8657],{"class":81},[63,91018,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91020,8386],{"class":139},[63,91022,113],{"class":81},[63,91024,2575],{"class":145},[63,91026,126],{"class":81},[14,91028,163],{},[54,91030,91032],{"className":56,"code":91031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,91033,91034,91038,91042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91035,91036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91037,47543],{"class":85},[63,91039,91040],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91041,47208],{"class":85},[63,91043,91044],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,91045,17353],{"class":85},[14,91047,91048,91049,259],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[196,91050,36323],{"href":36322},[49,91052,91054,91056],{"id":91053},"range-syntax",[18,91055,716],{}," syntax",[14,91058,91059,91061],{},[18,91060,716],{}," has three common forms:",[54,91063,91065],{"className":56,"code":91064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,91066,91067,91077,91092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91068,91069,91071,91073,91075],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91070,40],{"class":139},[63,91072,113],{"class":81},[63,91074,75523],{"class":145},[63,91076,126],{"class":81},[63,91078,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91090],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91080,40],{"class":139},[63,91082,113],{"class":81},[63,91084,36367],{"class":145},[63,91086,89],{"class":81},[63,91088,91089],{"class":145}," stop",[63,91091,126],{"class":81},[63,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91109],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,91095,40],{"class":139},[63,91097,113],{"class":81},[63,91099,36367],{"class":145},[63,91101,89],{"class":81},[63,91103,91089],{"class":145},[63,91105,89],{"class":81},[63,91107,91108],{"class":145}," step",[63,91110,126],{"class":81},[14,91112,91113],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[29,91115,91116,91121,91126],{},[32,91117,91118,91120],{},[18,91119,36367],{}," = first number",[32,91122,91123,91125],{},[18,91124,75523],{}," = end limit, not included",[32,91127,91128,91130],{},[18,91129,75526],{}," = amount to move each time",[486,91132,91134],{"id":91133},"rangestop",[18,91135,91136],{},"range(stop)",[14,91138,91139,91140,259],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,91141,687],{},[54,91143,91145],{"className":56,"code":91144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91150,140],{"class":139},[63,91152,113],{"class":81},[63,91154,276],{"class":77},[63,91156,113],{"class":81},[63,91158,40],{"class":139},[63,91160,113],{"class":81},[63,91162,661],{"class":85},[63,91164,1965],{"class":81},[14,91166,163],{},[54,91168,91169],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91170,91171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91172,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91174,173],{"class":81},[63,91176,687],{"class":85},[63,91178,89],{"class":81},[63,91180,692],{"class":85},[63,91182,89],{"class":81},[63,91184,92],{"class":85},[63,91186,89],{"class":81},[63,91188,97],{"class":85},[63,91190,89],{"class":81},[63,91192,705],{"class":85},[63,91194,186],{"class":81},[486,91196,91198],{"id":91197},"rangestart-stop",[18,91199,91200],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91202,91203,91204,91206,91207,259],{},"This starts at ",[18,91205,36367],{}," and stops before ",[18,91208,75523],{},[54,91210,91212],{"className":56,"code":91211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,91213,91214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91215,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91217,140],{"class":139},[63,91219,113],{"class":81},[63,91221,276],{"class":77},[63,91223,113],{"class":81},[63,91225,40],{"class":139},[63,91227,113],{"class":81},[63,91229,2394],{"class":85},[63,91231,89],{"class":81},[63,91233,37934],{"class":85},[63,91235,1965],{"class":81},[14,91237,163],{},[54,91239,91241],{"className":56,"code":91240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91242,91243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91244,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91246,173],{"class":81},[63,91248,2394],{"class":85},[63,91250,89],{"class":81},[63,91252,97],{"class":85},[63,91254,89],{"class":81},[63,91256,705],{"class":85},[63,91258,89],{"class":81},[63,91260,4935],{"class":85},[63,91262,186],{"class":81},[486,91264,91266],{"id":91265},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,91267,91268],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91270,91271],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[54,91273,91275],{"className":56,"code":91274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,91276,91277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91278,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91280,140],{"class":139},[63,91282,113],{"class":81},[63,91284,276],{"class":77},[63,91286,113],{"class":81},[63,91288,40],{"class":139},[63,91290,113],{"class":81},[63,91292,86],{"class":85},[63,91294,89],{"class":81},[63,91296,6324],{"class":85},[63,91298,89],{"class":81},[63,91300,92],{"class":85},[63,91302,1965],{"class":81},[14,91304,163],{},[54,91306,91308],{"className":56,"code":91307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,91309,91310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91311,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91313,173],{"class":81},[63,91315,86],{"class":85},[63,91317,89],{"class":81},[63,91319,97],{"class":85},[63,91321,89],{"class":81},[63,91323,4935],{"class":85},[63,91325,89],{"class":81},[63,91327,6313],{"class":85},[63,91329,89],{"class":81},[63,91331,54423],{"class":85},[63,91333,186],{"class":81},[49,91335,91337],{"id":91336},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91339,91340],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[486,91342,91344],{"id":91343},"range5",[18,91345,90951],{},[54,91347,91348],{"className":56,"code":91144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91349,91350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91351,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91353,140],{"class":139},[63,91355,113],{"class":81},[63,91357,276],{"class":77},[63,91359,113],{"class":81},[63,91361,40],{"class":139},[63,91363,113],{"class":81},[63,91365,661],{"class":85},[63,91367,1965],{"class":81},[14,91369,163],{},[54,91371,91372],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91373,91374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91375,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91377,173],{"class":81},[63,91379,687],{"class":85},[63,91381,89],{"class":81},[63,91383,692],{"class":85},[63,91385,89],{"class":81},[63,91387,92],{"class":85},[63,91389,89],{"class":81},[63,91391,97],{"class":85},[63,91393,89],{"class":81},[63,91395,705],{"class":85},[63,91397,186],{"class":81},[14,91399,91203,91400,91206,91402,259],{},[18,91401,687],{},[18,91403,661],{},[486,91405,91407],{"id":91406},"range2-6",[18,91408,91409],{},"range(2, 6)",[54,91411,91412],{"className":56,"code":91211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91413,91414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91415,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91417,140],{"class":139},[63,91419,113],{"class":81},[63,91421,276],{"class":77},[63,91423,113],{"class":81},[63,91425,40],{"class":139},[63,91427,113],{"class":81},[63,91429,2394],{"class":85},[63,91431,89],{"class":81},[63,91433,37934],{"class":85},[63,91435,1965],{"class":81},[14,91437,163],{},[54,91439,91440],{"className":56,"code":91240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91441,91442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91443,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91445,173],{"class":81},[63,91447,2394],{"class":85},[63,91449,89],{"class":81},[63,91451,97],{"class":85},[63,91453,89],{"class":81},[63,91455,705],{"class":85},[63,91457,89],{"class":81},[63,91459,4935],{"class":85},[63,91461,186],{"class":81},[14,91463,91203,91464,91206,91466,259],{},[18,91465,2394],{},[18,91467,80691],{},[486,91469,91471],{"id":91470},"range1-10-2",[18,91472,91473],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[54,91475,91476],{"className":56,"code":91274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91477,91478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91479,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91481,140],{"class":139},[63,91483,113],{"class":81},[63,91485,276],{"class":77},[63,91487,113],{"class":81},[63,91489,40],{"class":139},[63,91491,113],{"class":81},[63,91493,86],{"class":85},[63,91495,89],{"class":81},[63,91497,6324],{"class":85},[63,91499,89],{"class":81},[63,91501,92],{"class":85},[63,91503,1965],{"class":81},[14,91505,163],{},[54,91507,91508],{"className":56,"code":91307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91509,91510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91511,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91513,173],{"class":81},[63,91515,86],{"class":85},[63,91517,89],{"class":81},[63,91519,97],{"class":85},[63,91521,89],{"class":81},[63,91523,4935],{"class":85},[63,91525,89],{"class":81},[63,91527,6313],{"class":85},[63,91529,89],{"class":81},[63,91531,54423],{"class":85},[63,91533,186],{"class":81},[14,91535,91536,91537,91539,91540,61573,91542,259],{},"This moves by ",[18,91538,2394],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,91541,86],{},[18,91543,2480],{},[486,91545,91547],{"id":91546},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91549,91550,91551,91553],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,91552,716],{}," count backward.",[54,91555,91557],{"className":56,"code":91556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91562,140],{"class":139},[63,91564,113],{"class":81},[63,91566,276],{"class":77},[63,91568,113],{"class":81},[63,91570,40],{"class":139},[63,91572,113],{"class":81},[63,91574,661],{"class":85},[63,91576,89],{"class":81},[63,91578,4169],{"class":85},[63,91580,89],{"class":81},[63,91582,2558],{"class":73},[63,91584,86],{"class":85},[63,91586,1965],{"class":81},[14,91588,163],{},[54,91590,91592],{"className":56,"code":91591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91593,91594],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91595,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91597,173],{"class":81},[63,91599,661],{"class":85},[63,91601,89],{"class":81},[63,91603,705],{"class":85},[63,91605,89],{"class":81},[63,91607,97],{"class":85},[63,91609,89],{"class":81},[63,91611,92],{"class":85},[63,91613,89],{"class":81},[63,91615,692],{"class":85},[63,91617,186],{"class":81},[14,91619,91620],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91622,91623],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[54,91625,91627],{"className":56,"code":91626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91628,91629],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91630,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91632,140],{"class":139},[63,91634,113],{"class":81},[63,91636,276],{"class":77},[63,91638,113],{"class":81},[63,91640,40],{"class":139},[63,91642,113],{"class":81},[63,91644,86],{"class":85},[63,91646,89],{"class":81},[63,91648,4935],{"class":85},[63,91650,89],{"class":81},[63,91652,2558],{"class":73},[63,91654,86],{"class":85},[63,91656,1965],{"class":81},[14,91658,163],{},[54,91660,91661],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,91662,91663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91664,91665],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91666,364],{"class":81},[486,91668,91669,76686,91671],{"id":76910},[18,91670,75526],{},[18,91672,687],{},[14,91674,3174],{},[54,91676,91678],{"className":56,"code":91677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91679,91680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91681,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91683,40],{"class":139},[63,91685,113],{"class":81},[63,91687,86],{"class":85},[63,91689,89],{"class":81},[63,91691,4935],{"class":85},[63,91693,89],{"class":81},[63,91695,4169],{"class":85},[63,91697,126],{"class":81},[14,91699,76955,91700,91702],{},[18,91701,40994],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[49,91704,8733,91706,91708,91709,91711],{"id":91705},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91707,716],{}," in a ",[18,91710,6277],{}," loop",[14,91713,91714,91716],{},[18,91715,716],{}," is most useful when:",[29,91718,91719,91722,91725],{},[32,91720,91721],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[32,91723,91724],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[32,91726,91727,91728],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91729,91730],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91732,2543],{},[54,91734,91736],{"className":56,"code":91735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91737,91738,91754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91739,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91741,6277],{"class":1155},[63,91743,69645],{"class":69},[63,91745,4217],{"class":1155},[63,91747,54357],{"class":139},[63,91749,113],{"class":81},[63,91751,1248],{"class":85},[63,91753,8657],{"class":81},[63,91755,91756,91758,91760,91762,91765,91767,91769,91771],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91757,8386],{"class":139},[63,91759,113],{"class":81},[63,91761,117],{"class":116},[63,91763,91764],{"class":120},"Loop number:",[63,91766,117],{"class":116},[63,91768,89],{"class":81},[63,91770,36423],{"class":145},[63,91772,126],{"class":81},[14,91774,163],{},[54,91776,91778],{"className":56,"code":91777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91779,91780,91789,91797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91781,91782,91785,91787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91783,91784],{"class":69},"Loop number",[63,91786,821],{"class":81},[63,91788,38802],{"class":85},[63,91790,91791,91793,91795],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91792,91784],{"class":69},[63,91794,821],{"class":81},[63,91796,29906],{"class":85},[63,91798,91799,91801,91803],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,91800,91784],{"class":69},[63,91802,821],{"class":81},[63,91804,45881],{"class":85},[486,91806,91808],{"id":91807},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[54,91810,91812],{"className":56,"code":91811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91813,91814,91830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91815,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91817,6277],{"class":1155},[63,91819,69645],{"class":69},[63,91821,4217],{"class":1155},[63,91823,54357],{"class":139},[63,91825,113],{"class":81},[63,91827,661],{"class":85},[63,91829,8657],{"class":81},[63,91831,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91833,8386],{"class":139},[63,91835,113],{"class":81},[63,91837,117],{"class":116},[63,91839,35161],{"class":120},[63,91841,117],{"class":116},[63,91843,126],{"class":81},[14,91845,91846,91847,91849],{},"This prints ",[18,91848,90515],{}," five times.",[486,91851,91853],{"id":91852},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[54,91855,91857],{"className":56,"code":91856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91858,91859,91879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91860,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91862,6277],{"class":1155},[63,91864,69645],{"class":69},[63,91866,4217],{"class":1155},[63,91868,54357],{"class":139},[63,91870,113],{"class":81},[63,91872,86],{"class":85},[63,91874,89],{"class":81},[63,91876,705],{"class":85},[63,91878,8657],{"class":81},[63,91880,91881,91883,91885,91887,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91882,8386],{"class":139},[63,91884,113],{"class":81},[63,91886,117],{"class":116},[63,91888,91889],{"class":120},"Current number is",[63,91891,117],{"class":116},[63,91893,89],{"class":81},[63,91895,36423],{"class":145},[63,91897,126],{"class":81},[14,91899,163],{},[54,91901,91903],{"className":56,"code":91902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91904,91905,91914,91922],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91906,91907,91910,91912],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91908,91909],{"class":69},"Current number ",[63,91911,1156],{"class":73},[63,91913,29906],{"class":85},[63,91915,91916,91918,91920],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91917,91909],{"class":69},[63,91919,1156],{"class":73},[63,91921,45881],{"class":85},[63,91923,91924,91926,91928],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,91925,91909],{"class":69},[63,91927,1156],{"class":73},[63,91929,2913],{"class":85},[486,91931,91933,91935],{"id":91932},"range-and-indexing",[18,91934,716],{}," and indexing",[14,91937,91938],{},"You may see code like this:",[54,91940,91942],{"className":56,"code":91941,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91943,91944,91976,91980,92000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,91945,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,91947,342],{"class":69},[63,91949,74],{"class":73},[63,91951,1091],{"class":81},[63,91953,117],{"class":116},[63,91955,196],{"class":120},[63,91957,117],{"class":116},[63,91959,89],{"class":81},[63,91961,824],{"class":116},[63,91963,206],{"class":120},[63,91965,117],{"class":116},[63,91967,89],{"class":81},[63,91969,824],{"class":116},[63,91971,215],{"class":120},[63,91973,117],{"class":116},[63,91975,186],{"class":81},[63,91977,91978],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,91979,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,91981,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,91983,6277],{"class":1155},[63,91985,69645],{"class":69},[63,91987,4217],{"class":1155},[63,91989,54357],{"class":139},[63,91991,113],{"class":81},[63,91993,11468],{"class":139},[63,91995,113],{"class":81},[63,91997,357],{"class":145},[63,91999,69660],{"class":81},[63,92001,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92003,8386],{"class":139},[63,92005,113],{"class":81},[63,92007,994],{"class":145},[63,92009,89],{"class":81},[63,92011,6285],{"class":145},[63,92013,173],{"class":81},[63,92015,994],{"class":145},[63,92017,2080],{"class":81},[14,92019,163],{},[54,92021,92022],{"className":56,"code":36458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92023,92024,92030,92036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92025,92026,92028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92027,687],{"class":85},[63,92029,36467],{"class":69},[63,92031,92032,92034],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92033,86],{"class":85},[63,92035,36474],{"class":69},[63,92037,92038,92040],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92039,2394],{"class":85},[63,92041,36481],{"class":69},[14,92043,92044,92045,92049],{},"This works, and it uses ",[196,92046,92047],{"href":42648},[18,92048,42651],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92051,92052],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[54,92054,92056],{"className":56,"code":92055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,92057,92058,92090,92094,92106],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92059,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92061,342],{"class":69},[63,92063,74],{"class":73},[63,92065,1091],{"class":81},[63,92067,117],{"class":116},[63,92069,196],{"class":120},[63,92071,117],{"class":116},[63,92073,89],{"class":81},[63,92075,824],{"class":116},[63,92077,206],{"class":120},[63,92079,117],{"class":116},[63,92081,89],{"class":81},[63,92083,824],{"class":116},[63,92085,215],{"class":120},[63,92087,117],{"class":116},[63,92089,186],{"class":81},[63,92091,92092],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92093,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,92095,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92097,6277],{"class":1155},[63,92099,6280],{"class":69},[63,92101,4217],{"class":1155},[63,92103,6285],{"class":69},[63,92105,6713],{"class":81},[63,92107,92108,92110,92112,92114],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92109,8386],{"class":139},[63,92111,113],{"class":81},[63,92113,23603],{"class":145},[63,92115,126],{"class":81},[14,92117,36883,92118,92123],{},[196,92119,92121],{"href":92120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,92122,36044],{}," is usually a better choice:",[54,92125,92127],{"className":56,"code":92126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,92128,92129,92161,92165,92185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92130,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92132,342],{"class":69},[63,92134,74],{"class":73},[63,92136,1091],{"class":81},[63,92138,117],{"class":116},[63,92140,196],{"class":120},[63,92142,117],{"class":116},[63,92144,89],{"class":81},[63,92146,824],{"class":116},[63,92148,206],{"class":120},[63,92150,117],{"class":116},[63,92152,89],{"class":81},[63,92154,824],{"class":116},[63,92156,215],{"class":120},[63,92158,117],{"class":116},[63,92160,186],{"class":81},[63,92162,92163],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92164,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92168,6277],{"class":1155},[63,92170,36116],{"class":69},[63,92172,89],{"class":81},[63,92174,6280],{"class":69},[63,92176,4217],{"class":1155},[63,92178,36126],{"class":139},[63,92180,113],{"class":81},[63,92182,357],{"class":145},[63,92184,8657],{"class":81},[63,92186,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92188,8386],{"class":139},[63,92190,113],{"class":81},[63,92192,36141],{"class":145},[63,92194,89],{"class":81},[63,92196,29798],{"class":145},[63,92198,126],{"class":81},[14,92200,79215,92201,259],{},[196,92202,36896,92203,36899],{"href":36895},[18,92204,36044],{},[49,92206,92208,92209,92211],{"id":92207},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,92210,716],{}," to a list",[14,92213,92214,92216],{},[18,92215,716],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92218,92219,92220,821],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,92221,20],{},[54,92223,92225],{"className":56,"code":92224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,92226,92227],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92228,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92230,140],{"class":139},[63,92232,113],{"class":81},[63,92234,276],{"class":77},[63,92236,113],{"class":81},[63,92238,40],{"class":139},[63,92240,113],{"class":81},[63,92242,1248],{"class":85},[63,92244,1965],{"class":81},[14,92246,163],{},[54,92248,92250],{"className":56,"code":92249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,92251,92252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92255,173],{"class":81},[63,92257,687],{"class":85},[63,92259,89],{"class":81},[63,92261,692],{"class":85},[63,92263,89],{"class":81},[63,92265,92],{"class":85},[63,92267,186],{"class":81},[14,92269,33604],{},[29,92271,92272,92277,92280],{},[32,92273,92274,92275,42375],{},"learning how ",[18,92276,716],{},[32,92278,92279],{},"checking your values",[32,92281,92282],{},"debugging code",[14,92284,5794],{},[54,92286,92288],{"className":56,"code":92287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,92289,92290,92304,92308,92318],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92291,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92293,70],{"class":69},[63,92295,74],{"class":73},[63,92297,54357],{"class":139},[63,92299,113],{"class":81},[63,92301,2840],{"class":85},[63,92303,126],{"class":81},[63,92305,92306],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92307,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92311,140],{"class":139},[63,92313,113],{"class":81},[63,92315,146],{"class":145},[63,92317,126],{"class":81},[63,92319,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92321,140],{"class":139},[63,92323,113],{"class":81},[63,92325,276],{"class":77},[63,92327,113],{"class":81},[63,92329,146],{"class":145},[63,92331,100],{"class":81},[14,92333,163],{},[54,92335,92337],{"className":56,"code":92336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,92338,92339,92353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92342,40],{"class":139},[63,92344,113],{"class":81},[63,92346,687],{"class":85},[63,92348,89],{"class":81},[63,92350,705],{"class":85},[63,92352,126],{"class":81},[63,92354,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92356,173],{"class":81},[63,92358,687],{"class":85},[63,92360,89],{"class":81},[63,92362,692],{"class":85},[63,92364,89],{"class":81},[63,92366,92],{"class":85},[63,92368,89],{"class":81},[63,92370,97],{"class":85},[63,92372,186],{"class":81},[14,92374,92375,92376,10891,92378,92381],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,92377,40],{},[18,92379,92380],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[49,92383,1888],{"id":1887},[14,92385,33833,92386,259],{},[18,92387,716],{},[486,92389,92391],{"id":92390},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92393,92394],{},"Many beginners think this:",[54,92396,92398],{"className":56,"code":92397,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,92399,92400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92403,140],{"class":139},[63,92405,113],{"class":81},[63,92407,276],{"class":77},[63,92409,113],{"class":81},[63,92411,40],{"class":139},[63,92413,113],{"class":81},[63,92415,86],{"class":85},[63,92417,89],{"class":81},[63,92419,4935],{"class":85},[63,92421,1965],{"class":81},[14,92423,92424],{},"will produce:",[54,92426,92428],{"className":56,"code":92427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,92429,92430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92431,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92433,173],{"class":81},[63,92435,86],{"class":85},[63,92437,89],{"class":81},[63,92439,92],{"class":85},[63,92441,89],{"class":81},[63,92443,97],{"class":85},[63,92445,89],{"class":81},[63,92447,705],{"class":85},[63,92449,89],{"class":81},[63,92451,4935],{"class":85},[63,92453,186],{"class":81},[14,92455,92456],{},"But the real output is:",[54,92458,92459],{"className":56,"code":53792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92460,92461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92462,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92464,173],{"class":81},[63,92466,86],{"class":85},[63,92468,89],{"class":81},[63,92470,92],{"class":85},[63,92472,89],{"class":81},[63,92474,97],{"class":85},[63,92476,89],{"class":81},[63,92478,705],{"class":85},[63,92480,186],{"class":81},[14,92482,92483],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[486,92485,4909,92487,92489,92490],{"id":92486},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,92488,90951],{}," starts at ",[18,92491,86],{},[14,92493,37758,92494,19259,92496,259],{},[18,92495,687],{},[18,92497,86],{},[54,92499,92500],{"className":56,"code":91144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92501,92502],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92505,140],{"class":139},[63,92507,113],{"class":81},[63,92509,276],{"class":77},[63,92511,113],{"class":81},[63,92513,40],{"class":139},[63,92515,113],{"class":81},[63,92517,661],{"class":85},[63,92519,1965],{"class":81},[14,92521,163],{},[54,92523,92524],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92525,92526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92527,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92529,173],{"class":81},[63,92531,687],{"class":85},[63,92533,89],{"class":81},[63,92535,692],{"class":85},[63,92537,89],{"class":81},[63,92539,92],{"class":85},[63,92541,89],{"class":81},[63,92543,97],{"class":85},[63,92545,89],{"class":81},[63,92547,705],{"class":85},[63,92549,186],{"class":81},[486,92551,92553],{"id":92552},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92555,92556,92557,821],{},"This often happens with ",[18,92558,3294],{},[54,92560,92562],{"className":56,"code":92561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92563,92564,92583,92587,92604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92565,92566,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92567,92568],{"class":69},"user_number ",[63,92570,74],{"class":73},[63,92572,8557],{"class":139},[63,92574,113],{"class":81},[63,92576,117],{"class":116},[63,92578,42161],{"class":120},[63,92580,117],{"class":116},[63,92582,126],{"class":81},[63,92584,92585],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92586,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,92588,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92602],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92590,6277],{"class":1155},[63,92592,69645],{"class":69},[63,92594,4217],{"class":1155},[63,92596,54357],{"class":139},[63,92598,113],{"class":81},[63,92600,92601],{"class":145},"user_number",[63,92603,8657],{"class":81},[63,92605,92606,92608,92610,92612],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92607,8386],{"class":139},[63,92609,113],{"class":81},[63,92611,994],{"class":145},[63,92613,126],{"class":81},[14,92615,48802,92616,92618],{},[18,92617,3294],{}," returns a string.",[14,92620,11113],{},[54,92622,92624],{"className":56,"code":92623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92625,92626,92648,92652,92668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92627,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92629,92568],{"class":69},[63,92631,74],{"class":73},[63,92633,45568],{"class":77},[63,92635,113],{"class":81},[63,92637,42753],{"class":139},[63,92639,113],{"class":81},[63,92641,117],{"class":116},[63,92643,42161],{"class":120},[63,92645,117],{"class":116},[63,92647,100],{"class":81},[63,92649,92650],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92651,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,92653,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92655,6277],{"class":1155},[63,92657,69645],{"class":69},[63,92659,4217],{"class":1155},[63,92661,54357],{"class":139},[63,92663,113],{"class":81},[63,92665,92601],{"class":145},[63,92667,8657],{"class":81},[63,92669,92670,92672,92674,92676],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92671,8386],{"class":139},[63,92673,113],{"class":81},[63,92675,994],{"class":145},[63,92677,126],{"class":81},[14,92679,92680,92681,259],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[196,92682,50816,92683],{"href":50815},[18,92684,50819],{},[486,92686,92688,92689,92691,92692],{"id":92687},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92690,36367],{}," smaller than ",[18,92693,75523],{},[14,92695,92696],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[54,92698,92699],{"className":56,"code":91626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92700,92701],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92702,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92704,140],{"class":139},[63,92706,113],{"class":81},[63,92708,276],{"class":77},[63,92710,113],{"class":81},[63,92712,40],{"class":139},[63,92714,113],{"class":81},[63,92716,86],{"class":85},[63,92718,89],{"class":81},[63,92720,4935],{"class":85},[63,92722,89],{"class":81},[63,92724,2558],{"class":73},[63,92726,86],{"class":85},[63,92728,1965],{"class":81},[14,92730,163],{},[54,92732,92733],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92734,92735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92736,92737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92738,364],{"class":81},[14,92740,92741],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[486,92743,25907,92745],{"id":92744},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92746,92747],{},"step = 0",[14,92749,77666],{},[54,92751,92753],{"className":56,"code":92752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92754,92755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92758,40],{"class":139},[63,92760,113],{"class":81},[63,92762,86],{"class":85},[63,92764,89],{"class":81},[63,92766,6324],{"class":85},[63,92768,89],{"class":81},[63,92770,4169],{"class":85},[63,92772,126],{"class":81},[14,92774,92775],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[486,92777,5035,92779,92781],{"id":92778},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92780,716],{}," is not a list",[14,92783,92784],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[54,92786,92788],{"className":56,"code":92787,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92789,92790],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92791,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92793,140],{"class":139},[63,92795,113],{"class":81},[63,92797,40],{"class":139},[63,92799,113],{"class":81},[63,92801,661],{"class":85},[63,92803,100],{"class":81},[14,92805,163],{},[54,92807,92809],{"className":56,"code":92808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92810,92811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92812,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92814,40],{"class":139},[63,92816,113],{"class":81},[63,92818,687],{"class":85},[63,92820,89],{"class":81},[63,92822,4935],{"class":85},[63,92824,126],{"class":81},[14,92826,92827],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[54,92829,92830],{"className":56,"code":91144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92831,92832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92835,140],{"class":139},[63,92837,113],{"class":81},[63,92839,276],{"class":77},[63,92841,113],{"class":81},[63,92843,40],{"class":139},[63,92845,113],{"class":81},[63,92847,661],{"class":85},[63,92849,1965],{"class":81},[14,92851,163],{},[54,92853,92854],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,92855,92856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92857,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876,92878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92859,173],{"class":81},[63,92861,687],{"class":85},[63,92863,89],{"class":81},[63,92865,692],{"class":85},[63,92867,89],{"class":81},[63,92869,92],{"class":85},[63,92871,89],{"class":81},[63,92873,97],{"class":85},[63,92875,89],{"class":81},[63,92877,705],{"class":85},[63,92879,186],{"class":81},[49,92881,92883],{"id":92882},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92885,9192,92886,82437],{},[18,92887,716],{},[54,92889,92891],{"className":56,"code":92890,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92892,92893,92907,92925,92947,92975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,92894,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,92896,140],{"class":139},[63,92898,113],{"class":81},[63,92900,40],{"class":139},[63,92902,113],{"class":81},[63,92904,661],{"class":85},[63,92906,100],{"class":81},[63,92908,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,92910,140],{"class":139},[63,92912,113],{"class":81},[63,92914,276],{"class":77},[63,92916,113],{"class":81},[63,92918,40],{"class":139},[63,92920,113],{"class":81},[63,92922,661],{"class":85},[63,92924,1965],{"class":81},[63,92926,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,92928,140],{"class":139},[63,92930,113],{"class":81},[63,92932,276],{"class":77},[63,92934,113],{"class":81},[63,92936,40],{"class":139},[63,92938,113],{"class":81},[63,92940,2394],{"class":85},[63,92942,89],{"class":81},[63,92944,6679],{"class":85},[63,92946,1965],{"class":81},[63,92948,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,92950,140],{"class":139},[63,92952,113],{"class":81},[63,92954,276],{"class":77},[63,92956,113],{"class":81},[63,92958,40],{"class":139},[63,92960,113],{"class":81},[63,92962,741],{"class":85},[63,92964,89],{"class":81},[63,92966,4169],{"class":85},[63,92968,89],{"class":81},[63,92970,2558],{"class":73},[63,92972,2394],{"class":85},[63,92974,1965],{"class":81},[63,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,92978,140],{"class":139},[63,92980,113],{"class":81},[63,92982,3557],{"class":77},[63,92984,113],{"class":81},[63,92986,40],{"class":139},[63,92988,113],{"class":81},[63,92990,661],{"class":85},[63,92992,1965],{"class":81},[14,92994,26299],{},[29,92996,92997,93000,93003],{},[32,92998,92999],{},"what values are being created",[32,93001,93002],{},"whether the direction is correct",[32,93004,93005,93006,1044],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,93007,40],{},[49,93009,2165],{"id":2164},[486,93011,13011,93013,93015],{"id":93012},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,93014,716],{}," include the last number?",[14,93017,93018],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[486,93020,5485,93022,93024,93025,2827],{"id":93021},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,93023,90951],{}," start at ",[18,93026,687],{},[14,93028,93029,93030,259],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,93031,687],{},[486,93033,5497,93035,93037],{"id":93034},"can-range-count-backward",[18,93036,716],{}," count backward?",[14,93039,93040,93041,259],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,93042,93043],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[486,93045,15199,93047,26334],{"id":93046},"is-range-a-list",[18,93048,716],{},[14,93050,26337,93051,93053,93054,24231],{},[18,93052,40],{}," object. Use ",[18,93055,93056],{},"list(range(...))",[486,93058,5485,93060,48976],{"id":93059},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,93061,93062],{},"range(input())",[14,93064,93065,3820,93067,259],{},[18,93066,3294],{},[18,93068,93069],{},"int(input())",[49,93071,2219],{"id":2218},[29,93073,93074,93078,93084,93090,93096],{},[32,93075,93076],{},[196,93077,36323],{"href":36322},[32,93079,93080],{},[196,93081,3912,93082,3845],{"href":42648},[18,93083,42651],{},[32,93085,93086],{},[196,93087,3912,93088,3845],{"href":92120},[18,93089,36044],{},[32,93091,93092],{},[196,93093,37809,93094,36899],{"href":36895},[18,93095,36044],{},[32,93097,93098],{},[196,93099,50816,93100],{"href":50815},[18,93101,50819],{},[2259,93103,93104],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":93106},[93107,93108,93110,93116,93124,93131,93133,93145,93146,93158],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":90960,"depth":103,"text":93109},"What range() does",{"id":91053,"depth":103,"text":93111,"children":93112},"range() syntax",[93113,93114,93115],{"id":91133,"depth":129,"text":91136},{"id":91197,"depth":129,"text":91200},{"id":91265,"depth":129,"text":91268},{"id":91336,"depth":103,"text":91337,"children":93117},[93118,93119,93120,93121,93122],{"id":91343,"depth":129,"text":90951},{"id":91406,"depth":129,"text":91409},{"id":91470,"depth":129,"text":91473},{"id":91546,"depth":129,"text":91547},{"id":76910,"depth":129,"text":93123},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91705,"depth":103,"text":93125,"children":93126},"Using range() in a for loop",[93127,93128,93129],{"id":91807,"depth":129,"text":91808},{"id":91852,"depth":129,"text":91853},{"id":91932,"depth":129,"text":93130},"range() and indexing",{"id":92207,"depth":103,"text":93132},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":93134},[93135,93136,93138,93139,93141,93143],{"id":92390,"depth":129,"text":92391},{"id":92486,"depth":129,"text":93137},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92552,"depth":129,"text":92553},{"id":92687,"depth":129,"text":93140},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92744,"depth":129,"text":93142},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92778,"depth":129,"text":93144},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92882,"depth":103,"text":92883},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":93147},[93148,93150,93152,93154,93156],{"id":93012,"depth":129,"text":93149},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93021,"depth":129,"text":93151},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93034,"depth":129,"text":93153},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93046,"depth":129,"text":93155},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93059,"depth":129,"text":93157},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90854,"description":93159},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93166,"title":93167,"body":93168,"description":94841,"extension":2300,"meta":94842,"navigation":132,"path":94843,"seo":94844,"stem":94845,"__hash__":94846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93169,"toc":94814},[93170,93179,93186,93203,93219,93221,93270,93278,93282,93285,93305,93307,93371,93373,93416,93419,93465,93467,93500,93510,93516,93524,93541,93543,93574,93576,93601,93606,93617,93620,93690,93692,93723,93728,93733,93750,93752,93803,93805,93838,93841,93848,93853,93857,93873,93875,93919,93921,93967,93970,93983,93988,93992,94006,94008,94059,94061,94094,94099,94101,94108,94110,94133,94135,94200,94202,94219,94222,94255,94257,94285,94295,94302,94306,94309,94327,94330,94358,94361,94379,94384,94390,94393,94415,94417,94445,94447,94450,94475,94478,94591,94593,94672,94674,94680,94685,94693,94701,94705,94708,94710,94743,94745,94753,94759,94766,94773,94776,94778,94811],[10,93171,3912,93173,10891,93175,93178],{"id":93172},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,93174,716],{},[18,93176,93177],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93180,93181,4726,93183,93185],{},[18,93182,716],{},[18,93184,93177],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[29,93187,93188,93196],{},[32,93189,93190,93192,93193],{},[18,93191,716],{}," creates a ",[1217,93194,93195],{},"range object",[32,93197,93198,93192,93200],{},[18,93199,93177],{},[1217,93201,93202],{},"real list",[14,93204,93205,93206,93208,93209,93212,93213,93215,93216,93218],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,93207,90951],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,93210,93211],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,93214,716],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,93217,93177],{}," when you actually need a list.",[49,93220,3946],{"id":3945},[54,93222,93224],{"className":56,"code":93223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93225,93226,93240,93253],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93227,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93229,70],{"class":69},[63,93231,74],{"class":73},[63,93233,54357],{"class":139},[63,93235,113],{"class":81},[63,93237,661],{"class":85},[63,93239,126],{"class":81},[63,93241,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93243,140],{"class":139},[63,93245,113],{"class":81},[63,93247,146],{"class":145},[63,93249,3997],{"class":81},[63,93251,93252],{"class":1910},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[63,93254,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93256,140],{"class":139},[63,93258,113],{"class":81},[63,93260,276],{"class":77},[63,93262,113],{"class":81},[63,93264,146],{"class":145},[63,93266,5683],{"class":81},[63,93268,93269],{"class":1910},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93271,222,93272,93274,93275,93277],{},[18,93273,716],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,93276,93177],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[49,93279,93281],{"id":93280},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93283,93284],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[29,93286,93287,93294,93299,93302],{},[32,93288,93289,22269,93291,93293],{},[18,93290,716],{},[1217,93292,93195],{},", not a list",[32,93295,93296,93298],{},[18,93297,93177],{}," converts that range object into a list",[32,93300,93301],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[32,93303,93304],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93306,2543],{},[54,93308,93310],{"className":56,"code":93309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,93311,93312,93327,93346,93350,93360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93313,93314,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93315,93316],{"class":69},"r ",[63,93318,74],{"class":73},[63,93320,54357],{"class":139},[63,93322,113],{"class":81},[63,93324,661],{"class":85},[63,93326,126],{"class":81},[63,93328,93329,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93330,93331],{"class":69},"lst ",[63,93333,74],{"class":73},[63,93335,78],{"class":77},[63,93337,113],{"class":81},[63,93339,40],{"class":139},[63,93341,113],{"class":81},[63,93343,661],{"class":85},[63,93345,100],{"class":81},[63,93347,93348],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93349,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,93351,93352,93354,93356,93358],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,93353,140],{"class":139},[63,93355,113],{"class":81},[63,93357,60778],{"class":145},[63,93359,126],{"class":81},[63,93361,93362,93364,93366,93369],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,93363,140],{"class":139},[63,93365,113],{"class":81},[63,93367,93368],{"class":145},"lst",[63,93370,126],{"class":81},[14,93372,163],{},[54,93374,93376],{"className":56,"code":93375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,93377,93378,93392],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93379,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93381,40],{"class":139},[63,93383,113],{"class":81},[63,93385,687],{"class":85},[63,93387,89],{"class":81},[63,93389,4935],{"class":85},[63,93391,126],{"class":81},[63,93393,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93395,173],{"class":81},[63,93397,687],{"class":85},[63,93399,89],{"class":81},[63,93401,692],{"class":85},[63,93403,89],{"class":81},[63,93405,92],{"class":85},[63,93407,89],{"class":81},[63,93409,97],{"class":85},[63,93411,89],{"class":81},[63,93413,705],{"class":85},[63,93415,186],{"class":81},[14,93417,93418],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[54,93420,93422],{"className":56,"code":93421,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,93423,93424,93442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93425,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93427,140],{"class":139},[63,93429,113],{"class":81},[63,93431,3557],{"class":77},[63,93433,113],{"class":81},[63,93435,40],{"class":139},[63,93437,113],{"class":81},[63,93439,661],{"class":85},[63,93441,1965],{"class":81},[63,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93445,140],{"class":139},[63,93447,113],{"class":81},[63,93449,3557],{"class":77},[63,93451,113],{"class":81},[63,93453,276],{"class":77},[63,93455,113],{"class":81},[63,93457,40],{"class":139},[63,93459,113],{"class":81},[63,93461,661],{"class":85},[63,93463,93464],{"class":81},"))))\n",[14,93466,163],{},[54,93468,93470],{"className":56,"code":93469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,93471,93472,93486],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93473,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93475,3626],{"class":73},[63,93477,3629],{"class":2402},[63,93479,203],{"class":116},[63,93481,40],{"class":120},[63,93483,193],{"class":116},[63,93485,3638],{"class":73},[63,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93489,3626],{"class":73},[63,93491,3629],{"class":2402},[63,93493,203],{"class":116},[63,93495,276],{"class":120},[63,93497,193],{"class":116},[63,93499,3638],{"class":73},[14,93501,93502,93503,93505,93506,259],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,93504,716],{}," works, see ",[196,93507,3912,93508,3845],{"href":93161},[18,93509,716],{},[49,93511,4014,93513,93515],{"id":93512},"what-range-gives-you",[18,93514,716],{}," gives you",[14,93517,93518,93520,93521,93523],{},[18,93519,716],{}," is most often used in ",[18,93522,6277],{}," loops.",[29,93525,93526,93529,93532,93535],{},[32,93527,93528],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[32,93530,93531],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[32,93533,93534],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[32,93536,93537,93538],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,93539,93540],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93542,2543],{},[54,93544,93546],{"className":56,"code":93545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,93547,93548,93564],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93551,6277],{"class":1155},[63,93553,69645],{"class":69},[63,93555,4217],{"class":1155},[63,93557,54357],{"class":139},[63,93559,113],{"class":81},[63,93561,661],{"class":85},[63,93563,8657],{"class":81},[63,93565,93566,93568,93570,93572],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93567,8386],{"class":139},[63,93569,113],{"class":81},[63,93571,994],{"class":145},[63,93573,126],{"class":81},[14,93575,163],{},[54,93577,93579],{"className":56,"code":93578,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93580,93581,93585,93589,93593,93597],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93582,93583],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93584,47543],{"class":85},[63,93586,93587],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93588,47208],{"class":85},[63,93590,93591],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93592,17353],{"class":85},[63,93594,93595],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,93596,46908],{"class":85},[63,93598,93599],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,93600,48942],{"class":85},[14,93602,21065,93603,93605],{},[18,93604,90951],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93607,93608,93609,93611,93612,259],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93610,716],{}," is so common with ",[196,93613,3912,93615,90982],{"href":93614},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93616,6277],{},[14,93618,93619],{},"You can also inspect it:",[54,93621,93623],{"className":56,"code":93622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93624,93625,93647,93651,93661,93675],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93626,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93628,93316],{"class":69},[63,93630,74],{"class":73},[63,93632,54357],{"class":139},[63,93634,113],{"class":81},[63,93636,2394],{"class":85},[63,93638,89],{"class":81},[63,93640,6324],{"class":85},[63,93642,89],{"class":81},[63,93644,92],{"class":85},[63,93646,126],{"class":81},[63,93648,93649],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93650,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93654,140],{"class":139},[63,93656,113],{"class":81},[63,93658,60778],{"class":145},[63,93660,126],{"class":81},[63,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,93664,140],{"class":139},[63,93666,113],{"class":81},[63,93668,11468],{"class":139},[63,93670,113],{"class":81},[63,93672,60778],{"class":145},[63,93674,100],{"class":81},[63,93676,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93688],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,93678,140],{"class":139},[63,93680,113],{"class":81},[63,93682,80691],{"class":85},[63,93684,21468],{"class":1155},[63,93686,93687],{"class":145}," r",[63,93689,126],{"class":81},[14,93691,163],{},[54,93693,93695],{"className":56,"code":93694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93696,93697,93715,93719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93698,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93700,40],{"class":139},[63,93702,113],{"class":81},[63,93704,2394],{"class":85},[63,93706,89],{"class":81},[63,93708,6324],{"class":85},[63,93710,89],{"class":81},[63,93712,92],{"class":85},[63,93714,126],{"class":81},[63,93716,93717],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93718,48942],{"class":85},[63,93720,93721],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93722,4313],{"class":1205},[49,93724,4014,93726,93515],{"id":93725},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93727,93177],{},[14,93729,93730,93732],{},[18,93731,93177],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[29,93734,93735,93738,93741,93744],{},[32,93736,93737],{},"It creates all values at once",[32,93739,93740],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[32,93742,93743],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[32,93745,93746,93747,93749],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93748,716],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93751,2543],{},[54,93753,93755],{"className":56,"code":93754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93756,93757,93775,93779,93789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93758,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93760,70],{"class":69},[63,93762,74],{"class":73},[63,93764,78],{"class":77},[63,93766,113],{"class":81},[63,93768,40],{"class":139},[63,93770,113],{"class":81},[63,93772,661],{"class":85},[63,93774,100],{"class":81},[63,93776,93777],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93778,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,93780,93781,93783,93785,93787],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93782,140],{"class":139},[63,93784,113],{"class":81},[63,93786,146],{"class":145},[63,93788,126],{"class":81},[63,93790,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,93792,140],{"class":139},[63,93794,113],{"class":81},[63,93796,146],{"class":145},[63,93798,173],{"class":81},[63,93800,2394],{"class":85},[63,93802,2080],{"class":81},[14,93804,163],{},[54,93806,93808],{"className":56,"code":93807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93809,93810,93834],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93811,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93813,173],{"class":81},[63,93815,687],{"class":85},[63,93817,89],{"class":81},[63,93819,692],{"class":85},[63,93821,89],{"class":81},[63,93823,92],{"class":85},[63,93825,89],{"class":81},[63,93827,97],{"class":85},[63,93829,89],{"class":81},[63,93831,705],{"class":85},[63,93833,186],{"class":81},[63,93835,93836],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93837,17353],{"class":85},[14,93839,93840],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93842,93843,93844,259],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[196,93845,3912,93846,3845],{"href":2302},[18,93847,20],{},[49,93849,5292,93851],{"id":93850},"when-to-use-range",[18,93852,716],{},[14,93854,222,93855,1716],{},[18,93856,716],{},[29,93858,93859,93864,93867,93870],{},[32,93860,93861,93862,91711],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93863,6277],{},[32,93865,93866],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[32,93868,93869],{},"You are working with large sequences",[32,93871,93872],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93874,2543],{},[54,93876,93878],{"className":56,"code":93877,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93879,93880,93900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93881,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93883,6277],{"class":1155},[63,93885,69645],{"class":69},[63,93887,4217],{"class":1155},[63,93889,54357],{"class":139},[63,93891,113],{"class":81},[63,93893,86],{"class":85},[63,93895,89],{"class":81},[63,93897,37934],{"class":85},[63,93899,8657],{"class":81},[63,93901,93902,93904,93906,93908,93911,93913,93915,93917],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93903,8386],{"class":139},[63,93905,113],{"class":81},[63,93907,117],{"class":116},[63,93909,93910],{"class":120},"Count:",[63,93912,117],{"class":116},[63,93914,89],{"class":81},[63,93916,36423],{"class":145},[63,93918,126],{"class":81},[14,93920,163],{},[54,93922,93924],{"className":56,"code":93923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93925,93926,93935,93943,93951,93959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,93927,93928,93931,93933],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,93929,93930],{"class":69},"Count",[63,93932,821],{"class":81},[63,93934,29906],{"class":85},[63,93936,93937,93939,93941],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,93938,93930],{"class":69},[63,93940,821],{"class":81},[63,93942,45881],{"class":85},[63,93944,93945,93947,93949],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,93946,93930],{"class":69},[63,93948,821],{"class":81},[63,93950,2913],{"class":85},[63,93952,93953,93955,93957],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,93954,93930],{"class":69},[63,93956,821],{"class":81},[63,93958,23956],{"class":85},[63,93960,93961,93963,93965],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,93962,93930],{"class":69},[63,93964,821],{"class":81},[63,93966,35136],{"class":85},[14,93968,93969],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93971,93972,93973,93975,93976,62560,93978,259],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93974,36044],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93977,36889],{},[196,93979,36896,93981,36899],{"href":93980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93982,36044],{},[49,93984,5292,93986],{"id":93985},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93987,93177],{},[14,93989,222,93990,1716],{},[18,93991,93177],{},[29,93993,93994,93997,94000,94003],{},[32,93995,93996],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[32,93998,93999],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[32,94001,94002],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[32,94004,94005],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94007,2543],{},[54,94009,94011],{"className":56,"code":94010,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,94012,94013,94031,94045,94049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94014,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94016,70],{"class":69},[63,94018,74],{"class":73},[63,94020,78],{"class":77},[63,94022,113],{"class":81},[63,94024,40],{"class":139},[63,94026,113],{"class":81},[63,94028,661],{"class":85},[63,94030,100],{"class":81},[63,94032,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94034,146],{"class":69},[63,94036,259],{"class":81},[63,94038,401],{"class":145},[63,94040,113],{"class":81},[63,94042,661],{"class":85},[63,94044,126],{"class":81},[63,94046,94047],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,94048,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,94050,94051,94053,94055,94057],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,94052,140],{"class":139},[63,94054,113],{"class":81},[63,94056,146],{"class":145},[63,94058,126],{"class":81},[14,94060,163],{},[54,94062,94064],{"className":56,"code":94063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,94065,94066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94069,173],{"class":81},[63,94071,687],{"class":85},[63,94073,89],{"class":81},[63,94075,692],{"class":85},[63,94077,89],{"class":81},[63,94079,92],{"class":85},[63,94081,89],{"class":81},[63,94083,97],{"class":85},[63,94085,89],{"class":81},[63,94087,705],{"class":85},[63,94089,89],{"class":81},[63,94091,4935],{"class":85},[63,94093,186],{"class":81},[14,94095,6380,94096,94098],{},[18,94097,146],{}," is a list.",[49,94100,15893],{"id":15892},[14,94102,94103,94105,94106,259],{},[18,94104,716],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1217,94107,37888],{},[14,94109,2444],{},[29,94111,94112,94114,94119,94124,94127],{},[32,94113,22279],{},[32,94115,94116,94117],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,94118,42651],{},[32,94120,94121,94122],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,94123,4217],{},[32,94125,94126],{},"You can index it",[32,94128,94129,94130,94132],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,94131,1724],{}," do not work on it",[14,94134,2543],{},[54,94136,94138],{"className":56,"code":94137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,94139,94140,94154,94158,94172,94186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94141,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94143,93316],{"class":69},[63,94145,74],{"class":73},[63,94147,54357],{"class":139},[63,94149,113],{"class":81},[63,94151,661],{"class":85},[63,94153,126],{"class":81},[63,94155,94156],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94157,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,94159,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,94161,140],{"class":139},[63,94163,113],{"class":81},[63,94165,60778],{"class":145},[63,94167,173],{"class":81},[63,94169,2394],{"class":85},[63,94171,2080],{"class":81},[63,94173,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,94175,140],{"class":139},[63,94177,113],{"class":81},[63,94179,11468],{"class":139},[63,94181,113],{"class":81},[63,94183,60778],{"class":145},[63,94185,100],{"class":81},[63,94187,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,94189,140],{"class":139},[63,94191,113],{"class":81},[63,94193,1248],{"class":85},[63,94195,21468],{"class":1155},[63,94197,93687],{"class":145},[63,94199,126],{"class":81},[14,94201,163],{},[54,94203,94205],{"className":56,"code":94204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,94206,94207,94211,94215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94208,94209],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94210,17353],{"class":85},[63,94212,94213],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94214,3283],{"class":85},[63,94216,94217],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,94218,4313],{"class":1205},[14,94220,94221],{},"Now compare that with this:",[54,94223,94225],{"className":56,"code":94224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,94226,94227,94241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94230,93316],{"class":69},[63,94232,74],{"class":73},[63,94234,54357],{"class":139},[63,94236,113],{"class":81},[63,94238,661],{"class":85},[63,94240,126],{"class":81},[63,94242,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94244,60778],{"class":69},[63,94246,259],{"class":81},[63,94248,401],{"class":145},[63,94250,113],{"class":81},[63,94252,661],{"class":85},[63,94254,126],{"class":81},[14,94256,163],{},[54,94258,94260],{"className":56,"code":94259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,94261,94262],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94263,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94279,94281,94283],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94265,25962],{"class":77},[63,94267,821],{"class":81},[63,94269,203],{"class":116},[63,94271,40],{"class":120},[63,94273,193],{"class":116},[63,94275,1044],{"class":77},[63,94277,94278],{"class":69}," has no attribute ",[63,94280,193],{"class":116},[63,94282,401],{"class":120},[63,94284,29991],{"class":116},[14,94286,94287,94288,2524,94290,2528,94292,94294],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,94289,1724],{},[18,94291,55814],{},[18,94293,1728],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94296,94297,94298,259],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[196,94299,25970,94300],{"href":35714},[18,94301,34548],{},[49,94303,94305],{"id":94304},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94307,94308],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[54,94310,94311],{"className":56,"code":92787,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94312,94313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94316,140],{"class":139},[63,94318,113],{"class":81},[63,94320,40],{"class":139},[63,94322,113],{"class":81},[63,94324,661],{"class":85},[63,94326,100],{"class":81},[14,94328,94329],{},"to show:",[54,94331,94332],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94333,94334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94337,173],{"class":81},[63,94339,687],{"class":85},[63,94341,89],{"class":81},[63,94343,692],{"class":85},[63,94345,89],{"class":81},[63,94347,92],{"class":85},[63,94349,89],{"class":81},[63,94351,97],{"class":85},[63,94353,89],{"class":81},[63,94355,705],{"class":85},[63,94357,186],{"class":81},[14,94359,94360],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[54,94362,94363],{"className":56,"code":92808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94364,94365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94366,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94368,40],{"class":139},[63,94370,113],{"class":81},[63,94372,687],{"class":85},[63,94374,89],{"class":81},[63,94376,4935],{"class":85},[63,94378,126],{"class":81},[14,94380,4958,94381,94383],{},[1217,94382,4961],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94385,94386,94387,94389],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1217,94388,93195],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94391,94392],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[54,94394,94395],{"className":56,"code":91144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94396,94397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94398,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94400,140],{"class":139},[63,94402,113],{"class":81},[63,94404,276],{"class":77},[63,94406,113],{"class":81},[63,94408,40],{"class":139},[63,94410,113],{"class":81},[63,94412,661],{"class":85},[63,94414,1965],{"class":81},[14,94416,163],{},[54,94418,94419],{"className":56,"code":678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94420,94421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94422,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94424,173],{"class":81},[63,94426,687],{"class":85},[63,94428,89],{"class":81},[63,94430,692],{"class":85},[63,94432,89],{"class":81},[63,94434,92],{"class":85},[63,94436,89],{"class":81},[63,94438,97],{"class":85},[63,94440,89],{"class":81},[63,94442,705],{"class":85},[63,94444,186],{"class":81},[49,94446,3167],{"id":3166},[14,94448,94449],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[29,94451,94452,94458,94461,94467],{},[32,94453,8733,94454,94457],{},[18,94455,94456],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[32,94459,94460],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[32,94462,94463,94464,94466],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,94465,716],{}," is iterable but not a list",[32,94468,8733,94469,94471,94472,94474],{},[18,94470,93177],{}," when plain ",[18,94473,716],{}," would be simpler",[14,94476,94477],{},"These quick checks can help:",[54,94479,94481],{"className":56,"code":94480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,94482,94483,94497,94515,94533,94555,94573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94486,140],{"class":139},[63,94488,113],{"class":81},[63,94490,40],{"class":139},[63,94492,113],{"class":81},[63,94494,661],{"class":85},[63,94496,100],{"class":81},[63,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94500,140],{"class":139},[63,94502,113],{"class":81},[63,94504,276],{"class":77},[63,94506,113],{"class":81},[63,94508,40],{"class":139},[63,94510,113],{"class":81},[63,94512,661],{"class":85},[63,94514,1965],{"class":81},[63,94516,94517,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,94518,140],{"class":139},[63,94520,113],{"class":81},[63,94522,3557],{"class":77},[63,94524,113],{"class":81},[63,94526,40],{"class":139},[63,94528,113],{"class":81},[63,94530,661],{"class":85},[63,94532,1965],{"class":81},[63,94534,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,94536,140],{"class":139},[63,94538,113],{"class":81},[63,94540,3557],{"class":77},[63,94542,113],{"class":81},[63,94544,276],{"class":77},[63,94546,113],{"class":81},[63,94548,40],{"class":139},[63,94550,113],{"class":81},[63,94552,661],{"class":85},[63,94554,93464],{"class":81},[63,94556,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,94558,140],{"class":139},[63,94560,113],{"class":81},[63,94562,1248],{"class":85},[63,94564,21468],{"class":1155},[63,94566,54357],{"class":139},[63,94568,113],{"class":81},[63,94570,661],{"class":85},[63,94572,100],{"class":81},[63,94574,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,94576,140],{"class":139},[63,94578,113],{"class":81},[63,94580,11468],{"class":139},[63,94582,113],{"class":81},[63,94584,40],{"class":139},[63,94586,113],{"class":81},[63,94588,661],{"class":85},[63,94590,1965],{"class":81},[14,94592,163],{},[54,94594,94596],{"className":56,"code":94595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94597,94598,94612,94636,94650,94664,94668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94601,40],{"class":139},[63,94603,113],{"class":81},[63,94605,687],{"class":85},[63,94607,89],{"class":81},[63,94609,4935],{"class":85},[63,94611,126],{"class":81},[63,94613,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94615,173],{"class":81},[63,94617,687],{"class":85},[63,94619,89],{"class":81},[63,94621,692],{"class":85},[63,94623,89],{"class":81},[63,94625,92],{"class":85},[63,94627,89],{"class":81},[63,94629,97],{"class":85},[63,94631,89],{"class":81},[63,94633,705],{"class":85},[63,94635,186],{"class":81},[63,94637,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,94639,3626],{"class":73},[63,94641,3629],{"class":2402},[63,94643,203],{"class":116},[63,94645,40],{"class":120},[63,94647,193],{"class":116},[63,94649,3638],{"class":73},[63,94651,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,94653,3626],{"class":73},[63,94655,3629],{"class":2402},[63,94657,203],{"class":116},[63,94659,276],{"class":120},[63,94661,193],{"class":116},[63,94663,3638],{"class":73},[63,94665,94666],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,94667,4313],{"class":1205},[63,94669,94670],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,94671,3283],{"class":85},[49,94673,2165],{"id":2164},[486,94675,15199,94677,94679],{"id":94676},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94678,716],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94681,46656,94682,94684],{},[18,94683,716],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[486,94686,94688,94689,11398,94691,2827],{"id":94687},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94690,716],{},[18,94692,93177],{},[14,94694,94695,94697,94698,94700],{},[18,94696,716],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94699,93177],{}," creates a full list.",[486,94702,94704],{"id":94703},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94706,94707],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94709,2543],{},[54,94711,94713],{"className":56,"code":94712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94714,94715,94729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94718,93316],{"class":69},[63,94720,74],{"class":73},[63,94722,54357],{"class":139},[63,94724,113],{"class":81},[63,94726,661],{"class":85},[63,94728,126],{"class":81},[63,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94732,140],{"class":139},[63,94734,113],{"class":81},[63,94736,60778],{"class":145},[63,94738,173],{"class":81},[63,94740,86],{"class":85},[63,94742,2080],{"class":81},[14,94744,163],{},[54,94746,94747],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,94748,94749],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94750,94751],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94752,47208],{"class":85},[486,94754,5485,94756,94758],{"id":94755},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94757,94456],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94760,94761,94762,94765],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94763,94764],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[486,94767,94769,94770,94772],{"id":94768},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94771,716],{}," to a list?",[14,94774,94775],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[49,94777,2219],{"id":2218},[29,94779,94780,94786,94792,94799,94805],{},[32,94781,94782],{},[196,94783,3912,94784,3845],{"href":93161},[18,94785,716],{},[32,94787,94788],{},[196,94789,3912,94790,3845],{"href":2302},[18,94791,20],{},[32,94793,94794],{},[196,94795,3912,94796,94798],{"href":93614},[18,94797,6277],{}," loops explained",[32,94800,94801],{},[196,94802,37809,94803,36899],{"href":93980},[18,94804,36044],{},[32,94806,94807],{},[196,94808,26413,94809],{"href":35714},[18,94810,34548],{},[2259,94812,94813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":94815},[94816,94817,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826,94827,94828,94829,94840],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":93280,"depth":103,"text":93281},{"id":93512,"depth":103,"text":94819},"What range() gives you",{"id":93725,"depth":103,"text":94821},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93850,"depth":103,"text":94823},"When to use range()",{"id":93985,"depth":103,"text":94825},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15892,"depth":103,"text":15893},{"id":94304,"depth":103,"text":94305},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":94830},[94831,94833,94835,94836,94838],{"id":94676,"depth":129,"text":94832},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94687,"depth":129,"text":94834},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94703,"depth":129,"text":94704},{"id":94755,"depth":129,"text":94837},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94768,"depth":129,"text":94839},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93167,"description":94841},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94848,"title":94849,"body":94850,"description":96286,"extension":2300,"meta":96287,"navigation":132,"path":96288,"seo":96289,"stem":96290,"__hash__":96291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94851,"toc":96252},[94852,94858,94863,94866,94880,94883,94885,94924,94926,94939,94947,94952,94968,94971,94973,94975,94996,95013,95016,95075,95077,95096,95101,95107,95110,95144,95146,95159,95162,95207,95209,95232,95239,95245,95248,95289,95291,95305,95308,95366,95368,95383,95396,95402,95408,95473,95475,95494,95496,95514,95517,95521,95527,95529,95562,95564,95577,95587,95590,95651,95653,95674,95677,95679,95695,95700,95704,95709,95714,95770,95772,95790,95793,95838,95840,95848,95853,95857,95871,95873,95905,95907,95916,95918,95922,95931,95934,95966,95968,95980,95983,95987,95992,96033,96035,96043,96046,96069,96073,96075,96084,96087,96140,96142,96151,96155,96160,96171,96173,96182,96185,96191,96194,96200,96210,96218,96225,96227,96249],[10,94853,3912,94855,3916],{"id":94854},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94856,94857],{},"round()",[14,94859,16,94860,94862],{},[18,94861,94857],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94864,94865],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[29,94867,94868,94874],{},[32,94869,94870,94873],{},[18,94871,94872],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[32,94875,94876,94879],{},[18,94877,94878],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94881,94882],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[49,94884,52],{"id":51},[54,94886,94888],{"className":56,"code":94887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94889,94890,94906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94891,94892,94894,94896,94899,94901,94904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94893,140],{"class":139},[63,94895,113],{"class":81},[63,94897,94898],{"class":139},"round",[63,94900,113],{"class":81},[63,94902,94903],{"class":85},"3.14159",[63,94905,100],{"class":81},[63,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94909,140],{"class":139},[63,94911,113],{"class":81},[63,94913,94898],{"class":139},[63,94915,113],{"class":81},[63,94917,94903],{"class":85},[63,94919,89],{"class":81},[63,94921,92],{"class":85},[63,94923,100],{"class":81},[14,94925,163],{},[54,94927,94929],{"className":56,"code":94928,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94930,94931,94935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94932,94933],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94934,46908],{"class":85},[63,94936,94937],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,94938,40467],{"class":85},[14,94940,222,94941,94943,94944,94946],{},[18,94942,94872],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94945,94878],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[49,94948,4014,94950,4017],{"id":94949},"what-round-does",[18,94951,94857],{},[29,94953,94954,94959,94962,94965],{},[32,94955,94956,94958],{},[18,94957,94857],{}," is a built-in Python function",[32,94960,94961],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[32,94963,94964],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[32,94966,94967],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94969,94970],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[49,94972,263],{"id":262},[14,94974,2495],{},[54,94976,94978],{"className":56,"code":94977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94979,94980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,94981,94982,94984,94986,94988,94991,94994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,94983,94898],{"class":139},[63,94985,113],{"class":81},[63,94987,2575],{"class":145},[63,94989,94990],{"class":81},"[,",[63,94992,94993],{"class":145}," ndigits",[63,94995,2080],{"class":81},[29,94997,94998,95003,95008],{},[32,94999,95000,95002],{},[18,95001,2575],{}," is the value to round",[32,95004,95005,20333],{},[18,95006,95007],{},"ndigits",[32,95009,95010,95012],{},[18,95011,95007],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95014,95015],{},"Basic examples:",[54,95017,95019],{"className":56,"code":95018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,95020,95021,95036,95054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95022,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031,95034],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95024,140],{"class":139},[63,95026,113],{"class":81},[63,95028,94898],{"class":139},[63,95030,113],{"class":81},[63,95032,95033],{"class":85},"7.8",[63,95035,100],{"class":81},[63,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95039,140],{"class":139},[63,95041,113],{"class":81},[63,95043,94898],{"class":139},[63,95045,113],{"class":81},[63,95047,95033],{"class":85},[63,95049,89],{"class":81},[63,95051,692],{"class":85},[63,95053,100],{"class":81},[63,95055,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95057,140],{"class":139},[63,95059,113],{"class":81},[63,95061,94898],{"class":139},[63,95063,113],{"class":81},[63,95065,95066],{"class":85},"1234",[63,95068,89],{"class":81},[63,95070,2558],{"class":73},[63,95072,2394],{"class":85},[63,95074,100],{"class":81},[14,95076,163],{},[54,95078,95080],{"className":56,"code":95079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,95081,95082,95086,95091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95083,95084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95085,2716],{"class":85},[63,95087,95088],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95089,95090],{"class":85},"7.8\n",[63,95092,95093],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95094,95095],{"class":85},"1200\n",[14,95097,95098,95099,259],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[196,95100,2755],{"href":2754},[49,95102,8733,95104,95106],{"id":95103},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,95105,94857],{}," with one argument",[14,95108,95109],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[54,95111,95113],{"className":56,"code":95112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,95114,95115,95129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95118,140],{"class":139},[63,95120,113],{"class":81},[63,95122,94898],{"class":139},[63,95124,113],{"class":81},[63,95126,2697],{"class":85},[63,95128,100],{"class":81},[63,95130,95131,95133,95135,95137,95139,95142],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95132,140],{"class":139},[63,95134,113],{"class":81},[63,95136,94898],{"class":139},[63,95138,113],{"class":81},[63,95140,95141],{"class":85},"4.8",[63,95143,100],{"class":81},[14,95145,163],{},[54,95147,95149],{"className":56,"code":95148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4\n5\n",[18,95150,95151,95155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95152,95153],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95154,48942],{"class":85},[63,95156,95157],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95158,3283],{"class":85},[14,95160,95161],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[54,95163,95165],{"className":56,"code":95164,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,95166,95167,95183,95193],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95168,95169,95171,95173,95176,95178,95181],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95170,851],{"class":69},[63,95172,74],{"class":73},[63,95174,95175],{"class":139}," round",[63,95177,113],{"class":81},[63,95179,95180],{"class":85},"10.2",[63,95182,126],{"class":81},[63,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95186,140],{"class":139},[63,95188,113],{"class":81},[63,95190,875],{"class":145},[63,95192,126],{"class":81},[63,95194,95195,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95196,140],{"class":139},[63,95198,113],{"class":81},[63,95200,3557],{"class":77},[63,95202,113],{"class":81},[63,95204,875],{"class":145},[63,95206,100],{"class":81},[14,95208,163],{},[54,95210,95212],{"className":56,"code":95211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,95213,95214,95218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95215,95216],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95217,2711],{"class":85},[63,95219,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95221,3626],{"class":73},[63,95223,3629],{"class":2402},[63,95225,203],{"class":116},[63,95227,1039],{"class":120},[63,95229,193],{"class":116},[63,95231,3638],{"class":73},[14,95233,95234,95235,259],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[196,95236,3912,95237,3845],{"href":3212},[18,95238,3215],{},[49,95240,8733,95242,95244],{"id":95241},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,95243,94857],{}," with decimal places",[14,95246,95247],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[54,95249,95251],{"className":56,"code":95250,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,95252,95253,95271],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95256,140],{"class":139},[63,95258,113],{"class":81},[63,95260,94898],{"class":139},[63,95262,113],{"class":81},[63,95264,94903],{"class":85},[63,95266,89],{"class":81},[63,95268,92],{"class":85},[63,95270,100],{"class":81},[63,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95274,140],{"class":139},[63,95276,113],{"class":81},[63,95278,94898],{"class":139},[63,95280,113],{"class":81},[63,95282,94903],{"class":85},[63,95284,89],{"class":81},[63,95286,97],{"class":85},[63,95288,100],{"class":81},[14,95290,163],{},[54,95292,95294],{"className":56,"code":95293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,95295,95296,95300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95297,95298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95299,40467],{"class":85},[63,95301,95302],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95303,95304],{"class":85},"3.142\n",[14,95306,95307],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[54,95309,95311],{"className":56,"code":95310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,95312,95313,95322,95341,95345,95355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95314,95315,95317,95319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95316,40677],{"class":69},[63,95318,74],{"class":73},[63,95320,95321],{"class":85}," 19.9876\n",[63,95323,95324,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95325,95326],{"class":69},"rounded_price ",[63,95328,74],{"class":73},[63,95330,95175],{"class":139},[63,95332,113],{"class":81},[63,95334,25441],{"class":145},[63,95336,89],{"class":81},[63,95338,92],{"class":85},[63,95340,126],{"class":81},[63,95342,95343],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95344,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,95346,95347,95349,95351,95353],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,95348,140],{"class":139},[63,95350,113],{"class":81},[63,95352,25441],{"class":145},[63,95354,126],{"class":81},[63,95356,95357,95359,95361,95364],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,95358,140],{"class":139},[63,95360,113],{"class":81},[63,95362,95363],{"class":145},"rounded_price",[63,95365,126],{"class":81},[14,95367,163],{},[54,95369,95371],{"className":56,"code":95370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,95372,95373,95378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95374,95375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95376,95377],{"class":85},"19.9876\n",[63,95379,95380],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95381,95382],{"class":85},"19.99\n",[14,95384,95385,95386,95389,95390,1725,95392,259],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,95387,95388],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[196,95391,41182],{"href":41181},[196,95393,3912,95394,3845],{"href":3218},[18,95395,3221],{},[49,95397,95399,95400],{"id":95398},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,95401,95007],{},[14,95403,95404,95405,95407],{},"A negative ",[18,95406,95007],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[54,95409,95411],{"className":56,"code":95410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,95412,95413,95433,95453],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95416,140],{"class":139},[63,95418,113],{"class":81},[63,95420,94898],{"class":139},[63,95422,113],{"class":81},[63,95424,95066],{"class":85},[63,95426,89],{"class":81},[63,95428,2558],{"class":73},[63,95430,86],{"class":85},[63,95432,100],{"class":81},[63,95434,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95436,140],{"class":139},[63,95438,113],{"class":81},[63,95440,94898],{"class":139},[63,95442,113],{"class":81},[63,95444,95066],{"class":85},[63,95446,89],{"class":81},[63,95448,2558],{"class":73},[63,95450,2394],{"class":85},[63,95452,100],{"class":81},[63,95454,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95456,140],{"class":139},[63,95458,113],{"class":81},[63,95460,94898],{"class":139},[63,95462,113],{"class":81},[63,95464,95066],{"class":85},[63,95466,89],{"class":81},[63,95468,2558],{"class":73},[63,95470,1248],{"class":85},[63,95472,100],{"class":81},[14,95474,163],{},[54,95476,95478],{"className":56,"code":95477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,95479,95480,95485,95489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95481,95482],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95483,95484],{"class":85},"1230\n",[63,95486,95487],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95488,95095],{"class":85},[63,95490,95491],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95492,95493],{"class":85},"1000\n",[14,95495,65681],{},[29,95497,95498,95503,95509],{},[32,95499,95500,95502],{},[18,95501,65951],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[32,95504,95505,95508],{},[18,95506,95507],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[32,95510,95511,95513],{},[18,95512,47962],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95515,95516],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[49,95518,95520],{"id":95519},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95522,95523,95524,259],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,95525,95526],{},".5",[14,95528,5794],{},[54,95530,95532],{"className":56,"code":95531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,95533,95534,95548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95535,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544,95546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95537,140],{"class":139},[63,95539,113],{"class":81},[63,95541,94898],{"class":139},[63,95543,113],{"class":81},[63,95545,41449],{"class":85},[63,95547,100],{"class":81},[63,95549,95550,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95551,140],{"class":139},[63,95553,113],{"class":81},[63,95555,94898],{"class":139},[63,95557,113],{"class":81},[63,95559,2377],{"class":85},[63,95561,100],{"class":81},[14,95563,163],{},[54,95565,95567],{"className":56,"code":95566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n4\n",[18,95568,95569,95573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95570,95571],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95572,17353],{"class":85},[63,95574,95575],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95576,48942],{"class":85},[14,95578,95579,95580,95583,95584,95586],{},"Python uses ",[1217,95581,95582],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95585,95526],{}," situations.",[14,95588,95589],{},"More examples:",[54,95591,95593],{"className":56,"code":95592,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95594,95595,95609,95623,95637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95596,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95598,140],{"class":139},[63,95600,113],{"class":81},[63,95602,94898],{"class":139},[63,95604,113],{"class":81},[63,95606,41462],{"class":85},[63,95608,100],{"class":81},[63,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95612,140],{"class":139},[63,95614,113],{"class":81},[63,95616,94898],{"class":139},[63,95618,113],{"class":81},[63,95620,41449],{"class":85},[63,95622,100],{"class":81},[63,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95626,140],{"class":139},[63,95628,113],{"class":81},[63,95630,94898],{"class":139},[63,95632,113],{"class":81},[63,95634,2377],{"class":85},[63,95636,100],{"class":81},[63,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,95640,140],{"class":139},[63,95642,113],{"class":81},[63,95644,94898],{"class":139},[63,95646,113],{"class":81},[63,95648,41414],{"class":85},[63,95650,100],{"class":81},[14,95652,163],{},[54,95654,95656],{"className":56,"code":95655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95657,95658,95662,95666,95670],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95659,95660],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95661,17353],{"class":85},[63,95663,95664],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95665,17353],{"class":85},[63,95667,95668],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95669,48942],{"class":85},[63,95671,95672],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,95673,48942],{"class":85},[14,95675,95676],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95678,11018],{},[29,95680,95681,95688],{},[32,95682,95683,2470,95686],{},[18,95684,95685],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95687,2394],{},[32,95689,95690,2470,95693],{},[18,95691,95692],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95694,2840],{},[14,95696,3504,95697,95699],{},[18,95698,95526],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[49,95701,95703],{"id":95702},"return-values","Return values",[14,95705,95706,95708],{},[18,95707,94857],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95710,41196,95711,95713],{},[1217,95712,4961],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[54,95715,95717],{"className":56,"code":95716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95718,95719,95728,95732,95742,95760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95720,95721,95723,95725],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95722,2782],{"class":69},[63,95724,74],{"class":73},[63,95726,95727],{"class":85}," 3.14159\n",[63,95729,95730],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95731,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,95733,95734,95736,95738,95740],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95735,140],{"class":139},[63,95737,113],{"class":81},[63,95739,2807],{"class":145},[63,95741,126],{"class":81},[63,95743,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,95745,140],{"class":139},[63,95747,113],{"class":81},[63,95749,94898],{"class":139},[63,95751,113],{"class":81},[63,95753,2807],{"class":145},[63,95755,89],{"class":81},[63,95757,92],{"class":85},[63,95759,100],{"class":81},[63,95761,95762,95764,95766,95768],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,95763,140],{"class":139},[63,95765,113],{"class":81},[63,95767,2807],{"class":145},[63,95769,126],{"class":81},[14,95771,163],{},[54,95773,95775],{"className":56,"code":95774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95776,95777,95782,95786],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95778,95779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95780,95781],{"class":85},"3.14159\n",[63,95783,95784],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95785,40467],{"class":85},[63,95787,95788],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95789,95781],{"class":85},[14,95791,95792],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[54,95794,95796],{"className":56,"code":95795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95797,95798,95806,95824,95828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95799,95800,95802,95804],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95801,2782],{"class":69},[63,95803,74],{"class":73},[63,95805,95727],{"class":85},[63,95807,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95809,2782],{"class":69},[63,95811,74],{"class":73},[63,95813,95175],{"class":139},[63,95815,113],{"class":81},[63,95817,2807],{"class":145},[63,95819,89],{"class":81},[63,95821,92],{"class":85},[63,95823,126],{"class":81},[63,95825,95826],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,95827,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,95831,140],{"class":139},[63,95833,113],{"class":81},[63,95835,2807],{"class":145},[63,95837,126],{"class":81},[14,95839,163],{},[54,95841,95842],{"className":56,"code":40467,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,95843,95844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95845,95846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95847,40467],{"class":85},[49,95849,5292,95851],{"id":95850},"when-to-use-round",[18,95852,94857],{},[14,95854,222,95855,6637],{},[18,95856,94857],{},[29,95858,95859,95862,95865,95868],{},[32,95860,95861],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[32,95863,95864],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[32,95866,95867],{},"Round values before reporting results",[32,95869,95870],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95872,5794],{},[54,95874,95876],{"className":56,"code":95875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95877,95878,95887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95879,95880,95882,95884],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95881,2932],{"class":69},[63,95883,74],{"class":73},[63,95885,95886],{"class":85}," 12.67891\n",[63,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95890,140],{"class":139},[63,95892,113],{"class":81},[63,95894,94898],{"class":139},[63,95896,113],{"class":81},[63,95898,2955],{"class":145},[63,95900,89],{"class":81},[63,95902,92],{"class":85},[63,95904,100],{"class":81},[14,95906,163],{},[54,95908,95910],{"className":56,"code":95909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"12.68\n",[18,95911,95912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95913,95914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95915,95909],{"class":85},[49,95917,3167],{"id":3166},[14,95919,23387,95920,259],{},[18,95921,94857],{},[486,95923,8769,95925,95927,95928,95930],{"id":95924},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95926,94857],{}," to always round ",[18,95929,95526],{}," upward",[14,95932,95933],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[54,95935,95936],{"className":56,"code":95531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,95937,95938,95952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95941,140],{"class":139},[63,95943,113],{"class":81},[63,95945,94898],{"class":139},[63,95947,113],{"class":81},[63,95949,41449],{"class":85},[63,95951,100],{"class":81},[63,95953,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95955,140],{"class":139},[63,95957,113],{"class":81},[63,95959,94898],{"class":139},[63,95961,113],{"class":81},[63,95963,2377],{"class":85},[63,95965,100],{"class":81},[14,95967,163],{},[54,95969,95970],{"className":56,"code":95566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,95971,95972,95976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95973,95974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,95975,17353],{"class":85},[63,95977,95978],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,95979,48942],{"class":85},[14,95981,95982],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[486,95984,95986],{"id":95985},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95988,95989,95991],{},[18,95990,94857],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[54,95993,95995],{"className":56,"code":95994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95996,95997,96005,96019,96023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,95998,95999,96001,96003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96000,2782],{"class":69},[63,96002,74],{"class":73},[63,96004,95727],{"class":85},[63,96006,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96008,94898],{"class":139},[63,96010,113],{"class":81},[63,96012,2807],{"class":145},[63,96014,89],{"class":81},[63,96016,92],{"class":85},[63,96018,126],{"class":81},[63,96020,96021],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96022,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96024,96025,96027,96029,96031],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96026,140],{"class":139},[63,96028,113],{"class":81},[63,96030,2807],{"class":145},[63,96032,126],{"class":81},[14,96034,163],{},[54,96036,96037],{"className":56,"code":95781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,96038,96039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96040,96041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96042,95781],{"class":85},[14,96044,96045],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[54,96047,96049],{"className":56,"code":96048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,96050,96051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96052,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96054,2782],{"class":69},[63,96056,74],{"class":73},[63,96058,95175],{"class":139},[63,96060,113],{"class":81},[63,96062,2807],{"class":145},[63,96064,89],{"class":81},[63,96066,92],{"class":85},[63,96068,126],{"class":81},[486,96070,96072],{"id":96071},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96074,16698],{},[54,96076,96078],{"className":56,"code":96077,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,96079,96080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96081,96082],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96083,96077],{"class":1910},[14,96085,96086],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[54,96088,96090],{"className":56,"code":96089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,96091,96092,96104,96118,96122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96093,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96095,34981],{"class":69},[63,96097,74],{"class":73},[63,96099,824],{"class":116},[63,96101,40433],{"class":120},[63,96103,3694],{"class":116},[63,96105,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96107,2553],{"class":69},[63,96109,74],{"class":73},[63,96111,40545],{"class":77},[63,96113,113],{"class":81},[63,96115,35002],{"class":145},[63,96117,126],{"class":81},[63,96119,96120],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96121,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96123,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96125,140],{"class":139},[63,96127,113],{"class":81},[63,96129,94898],{"class":139},[63,96131,113],{"class":81},[63,96133,2575],{"class":145},[63,96135,89],{"class":81},[63,96137,692],{"class":85},[63,96139,100],{"class":81},[14,96141,163],{},[54,96143,96145],{"className":56,"code":96144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.1\n",[18,96146,96147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96148,96149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96150,96144],{"class":85},[486,96152,96154],{"id":96153},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96156,96157,96159],{},[18,96158,94857],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96161,96162,96163,1725,96167,259],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[196,96164,96165],{"href":3218},[18,96166,3221],{},[196,96168,96169],{"href":3212},[18,96170,3215],{},[49,96172,2165],{"id":2164},[486,96174,13011,96176,96178,96179,96181],{"id":96175},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,96177,94857],{}," always round ",[18,96180,40504],{}," up?",[14,96183,96184],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[486,96186,13011,96188,96190],{"id":96187},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,96189,94857],{}," change the original number?",[14,96192,96193],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[486,96195,5497,96197,96199],{"id":96196},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,96198,94857],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96201,96202,96203,96205,96206,1725,96208,259],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,96204,95007],{}," value like ",[18,96207,65951],{},[18,96209,95507],{},[486,96211,28619,96213,96215,96216,2827],{"id":96212},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,96214,94857],{}," on a string like ",[18,96217,48386],{},[14,96219,96220,96221,1725,96223,259],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,96222,3221],{},[18,96224,3215],{},[49,96226,2219],{"id":2218},[29,96228,96229,96235,96241,96245],{},[32,96230,96231],{},[196,96232,3912,96233,3845],{"href":3218},[18,96234,3221],{},[32,96236,96237],{},[196,96238,3912,96239,3845],{"href":3212},[18,96240,3215],{},[32,96242,96243],{},[196,96244,2755],{"href":2754},[32,96246,96247],{},[196,96248,42471],{"href":41181},[2259,96250,96251],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":96253},[96254,96255,96257,96258,96260,96262,96264,96265,96266,96268,96275,96285],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":94949,"depth":103,"text":96256},"What round() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":95103,"depth":103,"text":96259},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95241,"depth":103,"text":96261},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95398,"depth":103,"text":96263},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95519,"depth":103,"text":95520},{"id":95702,"depth":103,"text":95703},{"id":95850,"depth":103,"text":96267},"When to use round()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":96269},[96270,96272,96273,96274],{"id":95924,"depth":129,"text":96271},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95985,"depth":129,"text":95986},{"id":96071,"depth":129,"text":96072},{"id":96153,"depth":129,"text":96154},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":96276},[96277,96279,96281,96283],{"id":96175,"depth":129,"text":96278},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96187,"depth":129,"text":96280},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96196,"depth":129,"text":96282},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96212,"depth":129,"text":96284},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94849,"description":96286},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96293,"title":96294,"body":96295,"description":97480,"extension":2300,"meta":97481,"navigation":132,"path":97482,"seo":97483,"stem":97484,"__hash__":97485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96296,"toc":97454},[96297,96304,96310,96313,96315,96364,96368,96393,96398,96403,96408,96422,96433,96435,96454,96456,96472,96475,96486,96488,96490,96551,96555,96588,96595,96602,96605,96638,96641,96645,96648,96701,96705,96726,96732,96739,96746,96807,96815,96892,96896,96908,96917,96919,96925,96931,96935,96988,96991,97049,97053,97061,97064,97068,97071,97081,97083,97180,97183,97194,97197,97240,97244,97268,97271,97277,97279,97283,97308,97310,97377,97386,97388,97394,97399,97403,97406,97410,97417,97421,97426,97428,97445,97451],[10,96298,96300,96301,11629],{"id":96299},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,96302,96303],{},"add()",[14,96305,96306,96309],{},[18,96307,96308],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96311,96312],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,96314,52],{"id":51},[54,96316,96318],{"className":56,"code":96317,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96319,96320,96340,96354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96321,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96323,70],{"class":69},[63,96325,74],{"class":73},[63,96327,811],{"class":81},[63,96329,86],{"class":85},[63,96331,89],{"class":81},[63,96333,92],{"class":85},[63,96335,89],{"class":81},[63,96337,97],{"class":85},[63,96339,846],{"class":81},[63,96341,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96343,146],{"class":69},[63,96345,259],{"class":81},[63,96347,82203],{"class":145},[63,96349,113],{"class":81},[63,96351,2840],{"class":85},[63,96353,126],{"class":81},[63,96355,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96357,140],{"class":139},[63,96359,113],{"class":81},[63,96361,146],{"class":145},[63,96363,126],{"class":81},[14,96365,96366],{},[1217,96367,163],{},[54,96369,96371],{"className":56,"code":96370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,96372,96373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96376,9588],{"class":81},[63,96378,86],{"class":85},[63,96380,89],{"class":81},[63,96382,92],{"class":85},[63,96384,89],{"class":81},[63,96386,97],{"class":85},[63,96388,89],{"class":81},[63,96390,705],{"class":85},[63,96392,846],{"class":81},[14,96394,222,96395,96397],{},[18,96396,96303],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,96399,4014,96401,4017],{"id":96400},"what-setadd-does",[18,96402,96308],{},[14,96404,96405,96407],{},[18,96406,96308],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[29,96409,96410,96413,96416,96419],{},[32,96411,96412],{},"Adds one item to a set",[32,96414,96415],{},"Changes the original set in place",[32,96417,96418],{},"Does not return a new set",[32,96420,96421],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96423,96424,96425,1725,96429,259],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[196,96426,96428],{"href":96427},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[196,96430,96432],{"href":96431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[49,96434,263],{"id":262},[54,96436,96438],{"className":56,"code":96437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,96439,96440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96441,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96443,15963],{"class":69},[63,96445,259],{"class":81},[63,96447,82203],{"class":145},[63,96449,113],{"class":81},[63,96451,23603],{"class":145},[63,96453,126],{"class":81},[14,96455,11766],{},[29,96457,96458,96463,96466],{},[32,96459,56194,96460,96462],{},[18,96461,96303],{}," on an existing set",[32,96464,96465],{},"Pass exactly one item",[32,96467,96468,96469],{},"The item must be ",[1217,96470,96471],{},"hashable",[14,96473,96474],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[29,96476,96477,96479,96481,96484],{},[32,96478,56743],{},[32,96480,56746],{},[32,96482,96483],{},"Tuples",[32,96485,40885],{},[49,96487,11783],{"id":11782},[14,96489,11786],{},[54,96491,96493],{"className":56,"code":96492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,96494,96495,96519,96537,96541],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96498,13381],{"class":69},[63,96500,74],{"class":73},[63,96502,811],{"class":81},[63,96504,117],{"class":116},[63,96506,13398],{"class":120},[63,96508,117],{"class":116},[63,96510,89],{"class":81},[63,96512,824],{"class":116},[63,96514,13415],{"class":120},[63,96516,117],{"class":116},[63,96518,846],{"class":81},[63,96520,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96522,17799],{"class":69},[63,96524,259],{"class":81},[63,96526,82203],{"class":145},[63,96528,113],{"class":81},[63,96530,117],{"class":116},[63,96532,17752],{"class":120},[63,96534,117],{"class":116},[63,96536,126],{"class":81},[63,96538,96539],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96540,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96542,96543,96545,96547,96549],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96544,140],{"class":139},[63,96546,113],{"class":81},[63,96548,17799],{"class":145},[63,96550,126],{"class":81},[14,96552,96553],{},[1217,96554,30321],{},[54,96556,96558],{"className":56,"code":96557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,96559,96560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96563,9588],{"class":81},[63,96565,193],{"class":116},[63,96567,13398],{"class":120},[63,96569,193],{"class":116},[63,96571,89],{"class":81},[63,96573,203],{"class":116},[63,96575,17752],{"class":120},[63,96577,193],{"class":116},[63,96579,89],{"class":81},[63,96581,203],{"class":116},[63,96583,13415],{"class":120},[63,96585,193],{"class":116},[63,96587,846],{"class":81},[14,96589,96590,96591,96594],{},"The new value ",[18,96592,96593],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96596,96597,96598,96601],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1217,96599,96600],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96603,96604],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[54,96606,96608],{"className":56,"code":96607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96609,96610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96613,9588],{"class":81},[63,96615,193],{"class":116},[63,96617,13415],{"class":120},[63,96619,193],{"class":116},[63,96621,89],{"class":81},[63,96623,203],{"class":116},[63,96625,13398],{"class":120},[63,96627,193],{"class":116},[63,96629,89],{"class":81},[63,96631,203],{"class":116},[63,96633,17752],{"class":120},[63,96635,193],{"class":116},[63,96637,846],{"class":81},[14,96639,96640],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[49,96642,96644],{"id":96643},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96646,96647],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[54,96649,96651],{"className":56,"code":96650,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96652,96653,96673,96687,96691],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96654,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96656,70],{"class":69},[63,96658,74],{"class":73},[63,96660,811],{"class":81},[63,96662,86],{"class":85},[63,96664,89],{"class":81},[63,96666,92],{"class":85},[63,96668,89],{"class":81},[63,96670,97],{"class":85},[63,96672,846],{"class":81},[63,96674,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96676,146],{"class":69},[63,96678,259],{"class":81},[63,96680,82203],{"class":145},[63,96682,113],{"class":81},[63,96684,2394],{"class":85},[63,96686,126],{"class":81},[63,96688,96689],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96690,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96694,140],{"class":139},[63,96696,113],{"class":81},[63,96698,146],{"class":145},[63,96700,126],{"class":81},[14,96702,96703],{},[1217,96704,163],{},[54,96706,96708],{"className":56,"code":96707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96709,96710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96711,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96713,9588],{"class":81},[63,96715,86],{"class":85},[63,96717,89],{"class":81},[63,96719,92],{"class":85},[63,96721,89],{"class":81},[63,96723,97],{"class":85},[63,96725,846],{"class":81},[14,96727,96728,96729,96731],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96730,2394],{}," was already present.",[49,96733,96735,10891,96737],{"id":96734},"add-vs-update",[18,96736,96303],{},[18,96738,15250],{},[14,96740,222,96741,96743,96744,259],{},[18,96742,96303],{}," when you want to add ",[1217,96745,52947],{},[54,96747,96749],{"className":56,"code":96748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96750,96751,96775,96793,96797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96754,106],{"class":69},[63,96756,74],{"class":73},[63,96758,811],{"class":81},[63,96760,117],{"class":116},[63,96762,196],{"class":120},[63,96764,117],{"class":116},[63,96766,89],{"class":81},[63,96768,824],{"class":116},[63,96770,206],{"class":120},[63,96772,117],{"class":116},[63,96774,846],{"class":81},[63,96776,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96778,158],{"class":69},[63,96780,259],{"class":81},[63,96782,82203],{"class":145},[63,96784,113],{"class":81},[63,96786,117],{"class":116},[63,96788,215],{"class":120},[63,96790,117],{"class":116},[63,96792,126],{"class":81},[63,96794,96795],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96796,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96800,140],{"class":139},[63,96802,113],{"class":81},[63,96804,158],{"class":145},[63,96806,126],{"class":81},[14,96808,222,96809,96743,96811,96814],{},[18,96810,15250],{},[1217,96812,96813],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[54,96816,96818],{"className":56,"code":96817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96819,96820,96844,96878,96882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96821,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96823,106],{"class":69},[63,96825,74],{"class":73},[63,96827,811],{"class":81},[63,96829,117],{"class":116},[63,96831,196],{"class":120},[63,96833,117],{"class":116},[63,96835,89],{"class":81},[63,96837,824],{"class":116},[63,96839,206],{"class":120},[63,96841,117],{"class":116},[63,96843,846],{"class":81},[63,96845,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96847,158],{"class":69},[63,96849,259],{"class":81},[63,96851,30756],{"class":145},[63,96853,2071],{"class":81},[63,96855,117],{"class":116},[63,96857,215],{"class":120},[63,96859,117],{"class":116},[63,96861,89],{"class":81},[63,96863,824],{"class":116},[63,96865,19063],{"class":120},[63,96867,117],{"class":116},[63,96869,89],{"class":81},[63,96871,824],{"class":116},[63,96873,2023],{"class":120},[63,96875,117],{"class":116},[63,96877,2080],{"class":81},[63,96879,96880],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96881,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96883,96884,96886,96888,96890],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96885,140],{"class":139},[63,96887,113],{"class":81},[63,96889,158],{"class":145},[63,96891,126],{"class":81},[486,96893,96895],{"id":96894},"key-difference","Key difference",[29,96897,96898,96903],{},[32,96899,96900,96902],{},[18,96901,96303],{}," adds one item",[32,96904,96905,96907],{},[18,96906,15250],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96909,96910,96911,259],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[196,96912,96914,96915,11046],{"href":96913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96916,15250],{},[49,96918,17715],{"id":17714},[14,96920,96921,2732,96923,259],{},[18,96922,96308],{},[18,96924,4115],{},[14,96926,96927,96928,96930],{},"That means you should ",[1217,96929,4961],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[486,96932,96934],{"id":96933},"correct","Correct",[54,96936,96938],{"className":56,"code":96937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96939,96940,96960,96974,96978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96941,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96943,15925],{"class":69},[63,96945,74],{"class":73},[63,96947,811],{"class":81},[63,96949,86],{"class":85},[63,96951,89],{"class":81},[63,96953,92],{"class":85},[63,96955,89],{"class":81},[63,96957,97],{"class":85},[63,96959,846],{"class":81},[63,96961,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,96963,15963],{"class":69},[63,96965,259],{"class":81},[63,96967,82203],{"class":145},[63,96969,113],{"class":81},[63,96971,2840],{"class":85},[63,96973,126],{"class":81},[63,96975,96976],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,96977,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,96979,96980,96982,96984,96986],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,96981,140],{"class":139},[63,96983,113],{"class":81},[63,96985,15963],{"class":145},[63,96987,126],{"class":81},[486,96989,96990],{"id":62041},"Wrong",[54,96992,96994],{"className":56,"code":96993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96995,96996,97016,97035,97039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,96999,15925],{"class":69},[63,97001,74],{"class":73},[63,97003,811],{"class":81},[63,97005,86],{"class":85},[63,97007,89],{"class":81},[63,97009,92],{"class":85},[63,97011,89],{"class":81},[63,97013,97],{"class":85},[63,97015,846],{"class":81},[63,97017,97018,97020,97022,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97019,15925],{"class":69},[63,97021,74],{"class":73},[63,97023,97024],{"class":69}," my_set",[63,97026,259],{"class":81},[63,97028,82203],{"class":145},[63,97030,113],{"class":81},[63,97032,2840],{"class":85},[63,97034,126],{"class":81},[63,97036,97037],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97038,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97040,97041,97043,97045,97047],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97042,140],{"class":139},[63,97044,113],{"class":81},[63,97046,15963],{"class":145},[63,97048,126],{"class":81},[14,97050,97051],{},[1217,97052,163],{},[54,97054,97055],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,97056,97057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97058,97059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97060,12117],{"class":1205},[14,97062,97063],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[49,97065,97067],{"id":97066},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97069,97070],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[29,97072,97073,97075,97077,97079],{},[32,97074,56743],{},[32,97076,56746],{},[32,97078,96483],{},[32,97080,40885],{},[14,97082,2543],{},[54,97084,97086],{"className":56,"code":97085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,97087,97088,97098,97102,97116,97134,97152,97166,97170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97089,97090,97092,97094,97096],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97091,342],{"class":69},[63,97093,74],{"class":73},[63,97095,15930],{"class":77},[63,97097,279],{"class":81},[63,97099,97100],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97101,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97105,357],{"class":69},[63,97107,259],{"class":81},[63,97109,82203],{"class":145},[63,97111,113],{"class":81},[63,97113,741],{"class":85},[63,97115,126],{"class":81},[63,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97119,357],{"class":69},[63,97121,259],{"class":81},[63,97123,82203],{"class":145},[63,97125,113],{"class":81},[63,97127,117],{"class":116},[63,97129,1995],{"class":120},[63,97131,117],{"class":116},[63,97133,126],{"class":81},[63,97135,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,97137,357],{"class":69},[63,97139,259],{"class":81},[63,97141,82203],{"class":145},[63,97143,82],{"class":81},[63,97145,86],{"class":85},[63,97147,89],{"class":81},[63,97149,92],{"class":85},[63,97151,100],{"class":81},[63,97153,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,97155,357],{"class":69},[63,97157,259],{"class":81},[63,97159,82203],{"class":145},[63,97161,113],{"class":81},[63,97163,3941],{"class":1205},[63,97165,126],{"class":81},[63,97167,97168],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,97169,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97171,97172,97174,97176,97178],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,97173,140],{"class":139},[63,97175,113],{"class":81},[63,97177,357],{"class":145},[63,97179,126],{"class":81},[14,97181,97182],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[29,97184,97185,97188,97191],{},[32,97186,97187],{},"Lists",[32,97189,97190],{},"Dictionaries",[32,97192,97193],{},"Sets",[14,97195,97196],{},"Example that causes an error:",[54,97198,97200],{"className":56,"code":97199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,97201,97202,97222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97203,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97205,342],{"class":69},[63,97207,74],{"class":73},[63,97209,811],{"class":81},[63,97211,86],{"class":85},[63,97213,89],{"class":81},[63,97215,92],{"class":85},[63,97217,89],{"class":81},[63,97219,97],{"class":85},[63,97221,846],{"class":81},[63,97223,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97225,357],{"class":69},[63,97227,259],{"class":81},[63,97229,82203],{"class":145},[63,97231,2071],{"class":81},[63,97233,2840],{"class":85},[63,97235,89],{"class":81},[63,97237,4935],{"class":85},[63,97239,2080],{"class":81},[14,97241,97242],{},[1217,97243,29972],{},[54,97245,97247],{"className":56,"code":97246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,97248,97249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97250,97251,97253,97255,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97252,1032],{"class":77},[63,97254,821],{"class":81},[63,97256,97257],{"class":69}," unhashable ",[63,97259,3557],{"class":77},[63,97261,821],{"class":81},[63,97263,203],{"class":116},[63,97265,276],{"class":120},[63,97267,29991],{"class":116},[14,97269,97270],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97272,97273,97274,259],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,97275,97276],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[49,97278,3167],{"id":3166},[14,97280,15029,97281,821],{},[18,97282,96308],{},[29,97284,97285,97290,97295,97298,97305],{},[32,97286,8733,97287,97289],{},[18,97288,96303],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[32,97291,8769,97292,97294],{},[18,97293,96303],{}," to return the updated set",[32,97296,97297],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[32,97299,37494,97300,97302,97303],{},[18,97301,96308],{}," with list ",[18,97304,1724],{},[32,97306,97307],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97309,71603],{},[54,97311,97313],{"className":56,"code":97312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,97314,97315,97325,97339,97349,97363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97318,140],{"class":139},[63,97320,113],{"class":81},[63,97322,15963],{"class":145},[63,97324,126],{"class":81},[63,97326,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97328,140],{"class":139},[63,97330,113],{"class":81},[63,97332,3557],{"class":77},[63,97334,113],{"class":81},[63,97336,15963],{"class":145},[63,97338,100],{"class":81},[63,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97342,140],{"class":139},[63,97344,113],{"class":81},[63,97346,2807],{"class":145},[63,97348,126],{"class":81},[63,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97352,140],{"class":139},[63,97354,113],{"class":81},[63,97356,3557],{"class":77},[63,97358,113],{"class":81},[63,97360,2807],{"class":145},[63,97362,100],{"class":81},[63,97364,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,97366,32444],{"class":139},[63,97368,113],{"class":81},[63,97370,6607],{"class":77},[63,97372,259],{"class":81},[63,97374,82203],{"class":25042},[63,97376,126],{"class":81},[14,97378,97379,97380,97382,97383,259],{},"Also remember that ",[18,97381,96308],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[196,97384,1884],{"href":97385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[49,97387,2165],{"id":2164},[486,97389,13011,97391,97393],{"id":97390},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,97392,96308],{}," return a new set?",[14,97395,97396,97397,259],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,97398,4115],{},[486,97400,97402],{"id":97401},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97404,97405],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[486,97407,97409],{"id":97408},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97411,222,97412,11398,97415,259],{},[18,97413,97414],{},"set.update()",[18,97416,96303],{},[486,97418,97420],{"id":97419},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97422,97423,97424,259],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,97425,1032],{},[49,97427,2219],{"id":2218},[29,97429,97430,97434,97439],{},[32,97431,97432],{},[196,97433,96428],{"href":96427},[32,97435,97436],{},[196,97437,97438],{"href":96431},"How to create a set in Python",[32,97440,97441],{},[196,97442,96914,97443,11046],{"href":96913},[18,97444,15250],{},[14,97446,97447,97448,97450],{},"Once you understand ",[18,97449,96303],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2259,97452,97453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":97455},[97456,97457,97459,97460,97461,97462,97466,97470,97471,97472,97479],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":96400,"depth":103,"text":97458},"What set.add() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":96643,"depth":103,"text":96644},{"id":96734,"depth":103,"text":97463,"children":97464},"add() vs update()",[97465],{"id":96894,"depth":129,"text":96895},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715,"children":97467},[97468,97469],{"id":96933,"depth":129,"text":96934},{"id":62041,"depth":129,"text":96990},{"id":97066,"depth":103,"text":97067},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":97473},[97474,97476,97477,97478],{"id":97390,"depth":129,"text":97475},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97401,"depth":129,"text":97402},{"id":97408,"depth":129,"text":97409},{"id":97419,"depth":129,"text":97420},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96294,"description":97480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97487,"title":97488,"body":97489,"description":98658,"extension":2300,"meta":98659,"navigation":132,"path":98660,"seo":98661,"stem":98662,"__hash__":98663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97490,"toc":98625},[97491,97496,97502,97509,97554,97556,97567,97572,97577,97581,97595,97600,97602,97604,97619,97621,97635,97637,97639,97704,97706,97716,97718,97736,97742,97749,97754,97828,97830,97847,97853,97858,97929,97931,97958,97975,97978,97984,97986,97993,97997,98064,98066,98081,98084,98137,98139,98147,98159,98161,98165,98170,98172,98221,98223,98231,98233,98278,98280,98290,98296,98304,98317,98323,98325,98354,98356,98374,98378,98381,98412,98414,98432,98436,98511,98513,98529,98536,98538,98543,98548,98554,98557,98561,98569,98576,98584,98586,98622],[10,97492,96300,97494,11629],{"id":97493},"python-set-clear-method",[18,97495,11628],{},[14,97497,97498,97501],{},[18,97499,97500],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97503,97504,97505,97508],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1217,97506,97507],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[54,97510,97512],{"className":56,"code":97511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97513,97514,97534,97544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97515,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97517,70],{"class":69},[63,97519,74],{"class":73},[63,97521,811],{"class":81},[63,97523,86],{"class":85},[63,97525,89],{"class":81},[63,97527,92],{"class":85},[63,97529,89],{"class":81},[63,97531,97],{"class":85},[63,97533,846],{"class":81},[63,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97537,146],{"class":69},[63,97539,259],{"class":81},[63,97541,11690],{"class":145},[63,97543,279],{"class":81},[63,97545,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97547,140],{"class":139},[63,97549,113],{"class":81},[63,97551,146],{"class":145},[63,97553,126],{"class":81},[14,97555,163],{},[54,97557,97559],{"className":56,"code":97558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n",[18,97560,97561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97562,97563,97565],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97564,6607],{"class":77},[63,97566,279],{"class":81},[14,97568,97569,97571],{},[18,97570,11628],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[49,97573,4014,97575,4017],{"id":97574},"what-setclear-does",[18,97576,97500],{},[14,97578,2317,97579,11720],{},[18,97580,11628],{},[29,97582,97583,97586,97588,97592],{},[32,97584,97585],{},"Removes every item from a set",[32,97587,96415],{},[32,97589,11731,97590],{},[18,97591,4115],{},[32,97593,97594],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97596,96424,97597,71702],{},[196,97598,96428],{"href":97599},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[49,97601,263],{"id":262},[14,97603,54733],{},[54,97605,97607],{"className":56,"code":97606,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97608,97609],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97610,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97612,15963],{"class":69},[63,97614,259],{"class":81},[63,97616,11690],{"class":145},[63,97618,279],{"class":81},[14,97620,13357],{},[29,97622,97623,97626,97629,97632],{},[32,97624,97625],{},"It takes no arguments",[32,97627,97628],{},"It empties the set",[32,97630,97631],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[32,97633,97634],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[49,97636,11783],{"id":11782},[14,97638,11786],{},[54,97640,97642],{"className":56,"code":97641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97643,97644,97676,97680,97690,97694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97647,13381],{"class":69},[63,97649,74],{"class":73},[63,97651,811],{"class":81},[63,97653,117],{"class":116},[63,97655,13398],{"class":120},[63,97657,117],{"class":116},[63,97659,89],{"class":81},[63,97661,824],{"class":116},[63,97663,17752],{"class":120},[63,97665,117],{"class":116},[63,97667,89],{"class":81},[63,97669,824],{"class":116},[63,97671,13415],{"class":120},[63,97673,117],{"class":116},[63,97675,846],{"class":81},[63,97677,97678],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97679,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97681,97682,97684,97686,97688],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97683,17799],{"class":69},[63,97685,259],{"class":81},[63,97687,11690],{"class":145},[63,97689,279],{"class":81},[63,97691,97692],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97693,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97695,97696,97698,97700,97702],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,97697,140],{"class":139},[63,97699,113],{"class":81},[63,97701,17799],{"class":145},[63,97703,126],{"class":81},[14,97705,163],{},[54,97707,97708],{"className":56,"code":97558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,97709,97710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97711,97712,97714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97713,6607],{"class":77},[63,97715,279],{"class":81},[14,97717,11992],{},[29,97719,97720,97725,97730],{},[32,97721,97722,97724],{},[18,97723,17799],{}," starts with three values",[32,97726,97727,12005],{},[18,97728,97729],{},"colors.clear()",[32,97731,97732,97733,97735],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97734,4133],{},", which means an empty set",[49,97737,97739,97741],{"id":97738},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97740,11628],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97743,97744,4726,97746,97748],{},[18,97745,11628],{},[18,97747,4133],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[486,97750,8733,97752],{"id":97751},"using-clear",[18,97753,11628],{},[54,97755,97757],{"className":56,"code":97756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97758,97759,97779,97789,97793,97803,97807,97817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97760,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97762,342],{"class":69},[63,97764,74],{"class":73},[63,97766,811],{"class":81},[63,97768,86],{"class":85},[63,97770,89],{"class":81},[63,97772,92],{"class":85},[63,97774,89],{"class":81},[63,97776,97],{"class":85},[63,97778,846],{"class":81},[63,97780,97781,97784,97786],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97782,97783],{"class":69},"other_name ",[63,97785,74],{"class":73},[63,97787,97788],{"class":69}," items\n",[63,97790,97791],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97792,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97796,357],{"class":69},[63,97798,259],{"class":81},[63,97800,11690],{"class":145},[63,97802,279],{"class":81},[63,97804,97805],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,97806,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97808,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,97810,140],{"class":139},[63,97812,113],{"class":81},[63,97814,357],{"class":145},[63,97816,126],{"class":81},[63,97818,97819,97821,97823,97826],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,97820,140],{"class":139},[63,97822,113],{"class":81},[63,97824,97825],{"class":145},"other_name",[63,97827,126],{"class":81},[14,97829,163],{},[54,97831,97833],{"className":56,"code":97832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97834,97835,97841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97836,97837,97839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97838,6607],{"class":77},[63,97840,279],{"class":81},[63,97842,97843,97845],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97844,6607],{"class":77},[63,97846,279],{"class":81},[14,97848,97849,97850,259],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1217,97851,97852],{},"same set object",[486,97854,8733,97856],{"id":97855},"using-set",[18,97857,4133],{},[54,97859,97861],{"className":56,"code":97860,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97862,97863,97883,97891,97895,97905,97909,97919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97864,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97866,342],{"class":69},[63,97868,74],{"class":73},[63,97870,811],{"class":81},[63,97872,86],{"class":85},[63,97874,89],{"class":81},[63,97876,92],{"class":85},[63,97878,89],{"class":81},[63,97880,97],{"class":85},[63,97882,846],{"class":81},[63,97884,97885,97887,97889],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97886,97783],{"class":69},[63,97888,74],{"class":73},[63,97890,97788],{"class":69},[63,97892,97893],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,97894,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,97898,342],{"class":69},[63,97900,74],{"class":73},[63,97902,15930],{"class":77},[63,97904,279],{"class":81},[63,97906,97907],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,97908,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,97912,140],{"class":139},[63,97914,113],{"class":81},[63,97916,357],{"class":145},[63,97918,126],{"class":81},[63,97920,97921,97923,97925,97927],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,97922,140],{"class":139},[63,97924,113],{"class":81},[63,97926,97825],{"class":145},[63,97928,126],{"class":81},[14,97930,163],{},[54,97932,97934],{"className":56,"code":97933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97935,97936,97942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,97937,97938,97940],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,97939,6607],{"class":77},[63,97941,279],{"class":81},[63,97943,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,97945,9588],{"class":81},[63,97947,86],{"class":85},[63,97949,89],{"class":81},[63,97951,92],{"class":85},[63,97953,89],{"class":81},[63,97955,97],{"class":85},[63,97957,846],{"class":81},[14,97959,21065,97960,93192,97963,97966,97967,259,97969,97971,97972,97974],{},[18,97961,97962],{},"items = set()",[1217,97964,97965],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97968,357],{},[10153,97970],{},"\nBut ",[18,97973,97825],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97976,97977],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97979,97980,97981,259],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[196,97982,96432],{"href":97983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[49,97985,17715],{"id":17714},[14,97987,97988,14352,97990,97992],{},[18,97989,11628],{},[1217,97991,4961],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97994,5475,97995,259],{},[18,97996,4115],{},[54,97998,98000],{"className":56,"code":97999,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98001,98002,98022,98026,98040,98044,98054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98003,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98005,70],{"class":69},[63,98007,74],{"class":73},[63,98009,811],{"class":81},[63,98011,86],{"class":85},[63,98013,89],{"class":81},[63,98015,92],{"class":85},[63,98017,89],{"class":81},[63,98019,97],{"class":85},[63,98021,846],{"class":81},[63,98023,98024],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98025,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98027,98028,98030,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98029,851],{"class":69},[63,98031,74],{"class":73},[63,98033,4595],{"class":69},[63,98035,259],{"class":81},[63,98037,11690],{"class":145},[63,98039,279],{"class":81},[63,98041,98042],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,98043,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98045,98046,98048,98050,98052],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,98047,140],{"class":139},[63,98049,113],{"class":81},[63,98051,875],{"class":145},[63,98053,126],{"class":81},[63,98055,98056,98058,98060,98062],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,98057,140],{"class":139},[63,98059,113],{"class":81},[63,98061,146],{"class":145},[63,98063,126],{"class":81},[14,98065,163],{},[54,98067,98069],{"className":56,"code":98068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\nset()\n",[18,98070,98071,98075],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98072,98073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98074,12117],{"class":1205},[63,98076,98077,98079],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98078,6607],{"class":77},[63,98080,279],{"class":81},[14,98082,98083],{},"Do not do this:",[54,98085,98087],{"className":56,"code":98086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98088,98089,98109,98123,98127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98092,70],{"class":69},[63,98094,74],{"class":73},[63,98096,811],{"class":81},[63,98098,86],{"class":85},[63,98100,89],{"class":81},[63,98102,92],{"class":85},[63,98104,89],{"class":81},[63,98106,97],{"class":85},[63,98108,846],{"class":81},[63,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117,98119,98121],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98112,70],{"class":69},[63,98114,74],{"class":73},[63,98116,4595],{"class":69},[63,98118,259],{"class":81},[63,98120,11690],{"class":145},[63,98122,279],{"class":81},[63,98124,98125],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98126,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98128,98129,98131,98133,98135],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,98130,140],{"class":139},[63,98132,113],{"class":81},[63,98134,146],{"class":145},[63,98136,126],{"class":81},[14,98138,163],{},[54,98140,98141],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98142,98143],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98144,98145],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98146,12117],{"class":1205},[14,98148,22483,98149,2732,98151,98153,98154,98156,98157,259],{},[18,98150,54846],{},[18,98152,4115],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,98155,4115],{}," back to ",[18,98158,146],{},[49,98160,1888],{"id":1887},[14,98162,11053,98163,259],{},[18,98164,97500],{},[486,98166,12901,98168],{"id":98167},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,98169,11628],{},[14,98171,16941],{},[54,98173,98175],{"className":56,"code":98174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98176,98177,98197,98211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98180,15925],{"class":69},[63,98182,74],{"class":73},[63,98184,811],{"class":81},[63,98186,86],{"class":85},[63,98188,89],{"class":81},[63,98190,92],{"class":85},[63,98192,89],{"class":81},[63,98194,97],{"class":85},[63,98196,846],{"class":81},[63,98198,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98200,15925],{"class":69},[63,98202,74],{"class":73},[63,98204,97024],{"class":69},[63,98206,259],{"class":81},[63,98208,11690],{"class":145},[63,98210,279],{"class":81},[63,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98214,140],{"class":139},[63,98216,113],{"class":81},[63,98218,15963],{"class":145},[63,98220,126],{"class":81},[14,98222,163],{},[54,98224,98225],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98226,98227],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98228,98229],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98230,12117],{"class":1205},[14,98232,16953],{},[54,98234,98236],{"className":56,"code":98235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,98237,98238,98258,98268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98239,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98241,15925],{"class":69},[63,98243,74],{"class":73},[63,98245,811],{"class":81},[63,98247,86],{"class":85},[63,98249,89],{"class":81},[63,98251,92],{"class":85},[63,98253,89],{"class":81},[63,98255,97],{"class":85},[63,98257,846],{"class":81},[63,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98261,15963],{"class":69},[63,98263,259],{"class":81},[63,98265,11690],{"class":145},[63,98267,279],{"class":81},[63,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98271,140],{"class":139},[63,98273,113],{"class":81},[63,98275,15963],{"class":145},[63,98277,126],{"class":81},[14,98279,163],{},[54,98281,98282],{"className":56,"code":97558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98283,98284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98285,98286,98288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98287,6607],{"class":77},[63,98289,279],{"class":81},[486,98291,8769,98293,98295],{"id":98292},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,98294,11628],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98297,98298,98300,98301,98303],{},[18,98299,11628],{}," removes ",[1217,98302,4053],{}," items from the set.",[14,98305,98306,98307,1725,98312,259],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[196,98308,98310],{"href":98309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,98311,55814],{},[196,98313,98315],{"href":98314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,98316,13070],{},[486,98318,8733,98320,98322],{"id":98319},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,98321,4128],{}," for an empty set",[14,98324,25981],{},[54,98326,98328],{"className":56,"code":98327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98329,98330,98339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98331,98332,98335,98337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98333,98334],{"class":69},"empty_value ",[63,98336,74],{"class":73},[63,98338,10145],{"class":81},[63,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98352],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98342,140],{"class":139},[63,98344,113],{"class":81},[63,98346,3557],{"class":77},[63,98348,113],{"class":81},[63,98350,98351],{"class":145},"empty_value",[63,98353,100],{"class":81},[14,98355,163],{},[54,98357,98358],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98359,98360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98361,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98363,3626],{"class":73},[63,98365,3629],{"class":2402},[63,98367,203],{"class":116},[63,98369,9138],{"class":120},[63,98371,193],{"class":116},[63,98373,3638],{"class":73},[14,98375,98376,9105],{},[18,98377,4128],{},[14,98379,98380],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[54,98382,98384],{"className":56,"code":98383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98385,98386,98397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98387,98388,98391,98393,98395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98389,98390],{"class":69},"empty_set ",[63,98392,74],{"class":73},[63,98394,15930],{"class":77},[63,98396,279],{"class":81},[63,98398,98399,98401,98403,98405,98407,98410],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98400,140],{"class":139},[63,98402,113],{"class":81},[63,98404,3557],{"class":77},[63,98406,113],{"class":81},[63,98408,98409],{"class":145},"empty_set",[63,98411,100],{"class":81},[14,98413,163],{},[54,98415,98416],{"className":56,"code":9169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98417,98418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98419,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98421,3626],{"class":73},[63,98423,3629],{"class":2402},[63,98425,203],{"class":116},[63,98427,6607],{"class":120},[63,98429,193],{"class":116},[63,98431,3638],{"class":73},[486,98433,98435],{"id":98434},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[54,98437,98439],{"className":56,"code":98438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,98440,98441,98465,98473,98477,98487,98491,98501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98442,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98444,2890],{"class":69},[63,98446,74],{"class":73},[63,98448,811],{"class":81},[63,98450,117],{"class":116},[63,98452,2509],{"class":120},[63,98454,117],{"class":116},[63,98456,89],{"class":81},[63,98458,824],{"class":116},[63,98460,12054],{"class":120},[63,98462,117],{"class":116},[63,98464,846],{"class":81},[63,98466,98467,98469,98471],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98468,2918],{"class":69},[63,98470,74],{"class":73},[63,98472,36467],{"class":69},[63,98474,98475],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98476,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,98480,196],{"class":69},[63,98482,259],{"class":81},[63,98484,11690],{"class":145},[63,98486,279],{"class":81},[63,98488,98489],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,98490,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,98494,140],{"class":139},[63,98496,113],{"class":81},[63,98498,196],{"class":145},[63,98500,126],{"class":81},[63,98502,98503,98505,98507,98509],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,98504,140],{"class":139},[63,98506,113],{"class":81},[63,98508,206],{"class":145},[63,98510,126],{"class":81},[14,98512,163],{},[54,98514,98515],{"className":56,"code":97832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98516,98517,98523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98518,98519,98521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98520,6607],{"class":77},[63,98522,279],{"class":81},[63,98524,98525,98527],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98526,6607],{"class":77},[63,98528,279],{"class":81},[14,98530,29352,98531,4726,98533,98535],{},[18,98532,196],{},[18,98534,206],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[49,98537,2165],{"id":2164},[486,98539,5469,98541,5472],{"id":98540},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,98542,97500],{},[14,98544,5475,98545,98547],{},[18,98546,4115],{},". It empties the set in place.",[486,98549,13011,98551,98553],{"id":98550},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,98552,11628],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98555,98556],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[486,98558,98560],{"id":98559},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98562,98563,98564,98566,98567,259],{},"You already have one after ",[18,98565,11628],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,98568,4133],{},[486,98570,2169,98572,4726,98574,2827],{"id":98571},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98573,11628],{},[18,98575,4133],{},[14,98577,98578,98580,98581,98583],{},[18,98579,11628],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98582,4133],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[49,98585,2219],{"id":2218},[29,98587,98588,98592,98596,98603,98609,98615],{},[32,98589,98590],{},[196,98591,96428],{"href":97599},[32,98593,98594],{},[196,98595,97438],{"href":97983},[32,98597,98598],{},[196,98599,96914,98601,11046],{"href":98600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98602,96303],{},[32,98604,98605],{},[196,98606,96914,98607,11046],{"href":98309},[18,98608,55814],{},[32,98610,98611],{},[196,98612,96914,98613,11046],{"href":98314},[18,98614,13070],{},[32,98616,98617],{},[196,98618,96914,98620,11046],{"href":98619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98621,15250],{},[2259,98623,98624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":98626},[98627,98629,98630,98631,98638,98639,98648,98657],{"id":97574,"depth":103,"text":98628},"What set.clear() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":97738,"depth":103,"text":98632,"children":98633},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98634,98636],{"id":97751,"depth":129,"text":98635},"Using clear()",{"id":97855,"depth":129,"text":98637},"Using set()",{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":98640},[98641,98643,98645,98647],{"id":98167,"depth":129,"text":98642},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98292,"depth":129,"text":98644},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98319,"depth":129,"text":98646},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98434,"depth":129,"text":98435},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":98649},[98650,98652,98654,98655],{"id":98540,"depth":129,"text":98651},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98550,"depth":129,"text":98653},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98559,"depth":129,"text":98560},{"id":98571,"depth":129,"text":98656},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97488,"description":98658},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98665,"title":98666,"body":98667,"description":100499,"extension":2300,"meta":100500,"navigation":132,"path":96431,"seo":100501,"stem":100502,"__hash__":100503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98668,"toc":100456},[98669,98672,98675,98678,98680,98783,98787,98834,98840,98842,98861,98865,98868,98870,98884,98893,98897,98900,98935,98939,98959,98962,98966,98969,99030,99034,99059,99066,99072,99077,99079,99091,99095,99144,99148,99172,99179,99183,99224,99228,99249,99253,99286,99290,99331,99334,99338,99343,99382,99386,99411,99416,99422,99459,99463,99486,99490,99492,99495,99498,99575,99579,99616,99619,99623,99629,99632,99642,99691,99697,99703,99730,99733,99755,99757,99788,99791,99795,99799,99838,99842,99905,99908,99941,99945,99970,99972,99975,99981,99984,100011,100014,100032,100036,100040,100043,100086,100089,100093,100096,100099,100129,100132,100136,100139,100154,100159,100163,100166,100255,100257,100260,100350,100353,100371,100373,100377,100387,100391,100399,100403,100406,100410,100413,100417,100420,100422,100450,100453],[10,98670,98666],{"id":98671},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98673,98674],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98676,98677],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[49,98679,3946],{"id":3945},[54,98681,98683],{"className":56,"code":98682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98684,98685,98705,98739,98749,98753,98763,98773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98688,70],{"class":69},[63,98690,74],{"class":73},[63,98692,811],{"class":81},[63,98694,86],{"class":85},[63,98696,89],{"class":81},[63,98698,92],{"class":85},[63,98700,89],{"class":81},[63,98702,97],{"class":85},[63,98704,846],{"class":81},[63,98706,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98708,4403],{"class":69},[63,98710,74],{"class":73},[63,98712,15930],{"class":77},[63,98714,2071],{"class":81},[63,98716,117],{"class":116},[63,98718,408],{"class":120},[63,98720,117],{"class":116},[63,98722,89],{"class":81},[63,98724,824],{"class":116},[63,98726,427],{"class":120},[63,98728,117],{"class":116},[63,98730,89],{"class":81},[63,98732,824],{"class":116},[63,98734,408],{"class":120},[63,98736,117],{"class":116},[63,98738,2080],{"class":81},[63,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98742,98390],{"class":69},[63,98744,74],{"class":73},[63,98746,15930],{"class":77},[63,98748,279],{"class":81},[63,98750,98751],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,98752,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,98756,140],{"class":139},[63,98758,113],{"class":81},[63,98760,146],{"class":145},[63,98762,126],{"class":81},[63,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,98766,140],{"class":139},[63,98768,113],{"class":81},[63,98770,4445],{"class":145},[63,98772,126],{"class":81},[63,98774,98775,98777,98779,98781],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,98776,140],{"class":139},[63,98778,113],{"class":81},[63,98780,98409],{"class":145},[63,98782,126],{"class":81},[14,98784,98785],{},[1217,98786,163],{},[54,98788,98790],{"className":56,"code":98789,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98791,98792,98808,98828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98793,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98795,9588],{"class":81},[63,98797,86],{"class":85},[63,98799,89],{"class":81},[63,98801,92],{"class":85},[63,98803,89],{"class":81},[63,98805,97],{"class":85},[63,98807,846],{"class":81},[63,98809,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98811,9588],{"class":81},[63,98813,193],{"class":116},[63,98815,427],{"class":120},[63,98817,193],{"class":116},[63,98819,89],{"class":81},[63,98821,203],{"class":116},[63,98823,408],{"class":120},[63,98825,193],{"class":116},[63,98827,846],{"class":81},[63,98829,98830,98832],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,98831,6607],{"class":77},[63,98833,279],{"class":81},[14,98835,98836,98837,98839],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98838,4133],{}," for an empty set.",[49,98841,15459],{"id":15458},[29,98843,98844,98847,98852,98855,98858],{},[32,98845,98846],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[32,98848,98849,98850],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98851,4133],{},[32,98853,98854],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[32,98856,98857],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[32,98859,98860],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[49,98862,98864],{"id":98863},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98866,98867],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98869,30831],{},[29,98871,98872,98875,98878,98881],{},[32,98873,98874],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[32,98876,98877],{},"Sets are unordered",[32,98879,98880],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[32,98882,98883],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98885,98886,98887,1725,98889,259],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[196,98888,96428],{"href":97599},[196,98890,98892],{"href":98891},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[49,98894,98896],{"id":98895},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98898,98899],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[54,98901,98903],{"className":56,"code":98902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98904,98905,98925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98906,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98908,70],{"class":69},[63,98910,74],{"class":73},[63,98912,811],{"class":81},[63,98914,86],{"class":85},[63,98916,89],{"class":81},[63,98918,92],{"class":85},[63,98920,89],{"class":81},[63,98922,97],{"class":85},[63,98924,846],{"class":81},[63,98926,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,98928,140],{"class":139},[63,98930,113],{"class":81},[63,98932,146],{"class":145},[63,98934,126],{"class":81},[14,98936,98937],{},[1217,98938,30321],{},[54,98940,98941],{"className":56,"code":96707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,98942,98943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98944,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98946,9588],{"class":81},[63,98948,86],{"class":85},[63,98950,89],{"class":81},[63,98952,92],{"class":85},[63,98954,89],{"class":81},[63,98956,97],{"class":85},[63,98958,846],{"class":81},[14,98960,98961],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[486,98963,98965],{"id":98964},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98967,98968],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[54,98970,98972],{"className":56,"code":98971,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98973,98974,99006,99016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,98977,70],{"class":69},[63,98979,74],{"class":73},[63,98981,811],{"class":81},[63,98983,86],{"class":85},[63,98985,89],{"class":81},[63,98987,92],{"class":85},[63,98989,89],{"class":81},[63,98991,92],{"class":85},[63,98993,89],{"class":81},[63,98995,97],{"class":85},[63,98997,89],{"class":81},[63,98999,97],{"class":85},[63,99001,89],{"class":81},[63,99003,97],{"class":85},[63,99005,846],{"class":81},[63,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99009,140],{"class":139},[63,99011,113],{"class":81},[63,99013,146],{"class":145},[63,99015,126],{"class":81},[63,99017,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,99019,140],{"class":139},[63,99021,113],{"class":81},[63,99023,11468],{"class":139},[63,99025,113],{"class":81},[63,99027,146],{"class":145},[63,99029,100],{"class":81},[14,99031,99032],{},[1217,99033,30321],{},[54,99035,99037],{"className":56,"code":99036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,99038,99039,99055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99042,9588],{"class":81},[63,99044,86],{"class":85},[63,99046,89],{"class":81},[63,99048,92],{"class":85},[63,99050,89],{"class":81},[63,99052,97],{"class":85},[63,99054,846],{"class":81},[63,99056,99057],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99058,46908],{"class":85},[14,99060,21272,99061,4726,99063,99065],{},[18,99062,2394],{},[18,99064,1248],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[49,99067,99069,99070],{"id":99068},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,99071,4133],{},[14,99073,222,99074,99076],{},[18,99075,4133],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99078,5779],{},[29,99080,99081,99083,99085,99087],{},[32,99082,97187],{},[32,99084,96483],{},[32,99086,56746],{},[32,99088,99089],{},[18,99090,716],{},[486,99092,99094],{"id":99093},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[54,99096,99098],{"className":56,"code":99097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99099,99100,99134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99101,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99103,70],{"class":69},[63,99105,74],{"class":73},[63,99107,15930],{"class":77},[63,99109,2071],{"class":81},[63,99111,86],{"class":85},[63,99113,89],{"class":81},[63,99115,92],{"class":85},[63,99117,89],{"class":81},[63,99119,92],{"class":85},[63,99121,89],{"class":81},[63,99123,97],{"class":85},[63,99125,89],{"class":81},[63,99127,97],{"class":85},[63,99129,89],{"class":81},[63,99131,705],{"class":85},[63,99133,2080],{"class":81},[63,99135,99136,99138,99140,99142],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99137,140],{"class":139},[63,99139,113],{"class":81},[63,99141,146],{"class":145},[63,99143,126],{"class":81},[14,99145,99146],{},[1217,99147,30321],{},[54,99149,99150],{"className":56,"code":96370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,99151,99152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99153,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99155,9588],{"class":81},[63,99157,86],{"class":85},[63,99159,89],{"class":81},[63,99161,92],{"class":85},[63,99163,89],{"class":81},[63,99165,97],{"class":85},[63,99167,89],{"class":81},[63,99169,705],{"class":85},[63,99171,846],{"class":81},[14,99173,99174,99175,259],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[196,99176,99178],{"href":99177},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[486,99180,99182],{"id":99181},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[54,99184,99186],{"className":56,"code":99185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,99187,99188,99214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99189,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99191,731],{"class":69},[63,99193,74],{"class":73},[63,99195,15930],{"class":77},[63,99197,82],{"class":81},[63,99199,741],{"class":85},[63,99201,89],{"class":81},[63,99203,746],{"class":85},[63,99205,89],{"class":81},[63,99207,746],{"class":85},[63,99209,89],{"class":81},[63,99211,751],{"class":85},[63,99213,100],{"class":81},[63,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99217,140],{"class":139},[63,99219,113],{"class":81},[63,99221,763],{"class":145},[63,99223,126],{"class":81},[14,99225,99226],{},[1217,99227,30321],{},[54,99229,99231],{"className":56,"code":99230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,99232,99233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99236,9588],{"class":81},[63,99238,741],{"class":85},[63,99240,89],{"class":81},[63,99242,746],{"class":85},[63,99244,89],{"class":81},[63,99246,751],{"class":85},[63,99248,846],{"class":81},[486,99250,99252],{"id":99251},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[54,99254,99256],{"className":56,"code":99255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99257,99258,99276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99261,106],{"class":69},[63,99263,74],{"class":73},[63,99265,15930],{"class":77},[63,99267,113],{"class":81},[63,99269,117],{"class":116},[63,99271,1995],{"class":120},[63,99273,117],{"class":116},[63,99275,126],{"class":81},[63,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99279,140],{"class":139},[63,99281,113],{"class":81},[63,99283,158],{"class":145},[63,99285,126],{"class":81},[14,99287,99288],{},[1217,99289,30321],{},[54,99291,99293],{"className":56,"code":99292,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,99294,99295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99298,9588],{"class":81},[63,99300,193],{"class":116},[63,99302,985],{"class":120},[63,99304,193],{"class":116},[63,99306,89],{"class":81},[63,99308,203],{"class":116},[63,99310,2023],{"class":120},[63,99312,193],{"class":116},[63,99314,89],{"class":81},[63,99316,203],{"class":116},[63,99318,2032],{"class":120},[63,99320,193],{"class":116},[63,99322,89],{"class":81},[63,99324,203],{"class":116},[63,99326,2049],{"class":120},[63,99328,193],{"class":116},[63,99330,846],{"class":81},[14,99332,99333],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[49,99335,99337],{"id":99336},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99339,99340,99341,259],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,99342,4133],{},[54,99344,99346],{"className":56,"code":99345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,99347,99348,99358,99368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99349,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99351,98390],{"class":69},[63,99353,74],{"class":73},[63,99355,15930],{"class":77},[63,99357,279],{"class":81},[63,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99361,140],{"class":139},[63,99363,113],{"class":81},[63,99365,98409],{"class":145},[63,99367,126],{"class":81},[63,99369,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,99371,140],{"class":139},[63,99373,113],{"class":81},[63,99375,3557],{"class":77},[63,99377,113],{"class":81},[63,99379,98409],{"class":145},[63,99381,100],{"class":81},[14,99383,99384],{},[1217,99385,163],{},[54,99387,99389],{"className":56,"code":99388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,99390,99391,99397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99392,99393,99395],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99394,6607],{"class":77},[63,99396,279],{"class":81},[63,99398,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99400,3626],{"class":73},[63,99402,3629],{"class":2402},[63,99404,203],{"class":116},[63,99406,6607],{"class":120},[63,99408,193],{"class":116},[63,99410,3638],{"class":73},[486,99412,44720,99414],{"id":99413},"do-not-use",[18,99415,4128],{},[14,99417,99418,99419,99421],{},"Empty braces do ",[1217,99420,4961],{}," create a set.",[54,99423,99425],{"className":56,"code":99424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,99426,99427,99435,99445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99428,99429,99431,99433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99430,98334],{"class":69},[63,99432,74],{"class":73},[63,99434,10145],{"class":81},[63,99436,99437,99439,99441,99443],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99438,140],{"class":139},[63,99440,113],{"class":81},[63,99442,98351],{"class":145},[63,99444,126],{"class":81},[63,99446,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,99448,140],{"class":139},[63,99450,113],{"class":81},[63,99452,3557],{"class":77},[63,99454,113],{"class":81},[63,99456,98351],{"class":145},[63,99458,100],{"class":81},[14,99460,99461],{},[1217,99462,163],{},[54,99464,99466],{"className":56,"code":99465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,99467,99468,99472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99469,99470],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99471,9742],{"class":81},[63,99473,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99475,3626],{"class":73},[63,99477,3629],{"class":2402},[63,99479,203],{"class":116},[63,99481,9138],{"class":120},[63,99483,193],{"class":116},[63,99485,3638],{"class":73},[14,99487,99488,9105],{},[18,99489,4128],{},[49,99491,72366],{"id":72365},[14,99493,99494],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99496,99497],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[54,99499,99501],{"className":56,"code":99500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,99502,99503,99551,99561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99506,4403],{"class":69},[63,99508,74],{"class":73},[63,99510,811],{"class":81},[63,99512,117],{"class":116},[63,99514,408],{"class":120},[63,99516,117],{"class":116},[63,99518,89],{"class":81},[63,99520,824],{"class":116},[63,99522,427],{"class":120},[63,99524,117],{"class":116},[63,99526,89],{"class":81},[63,99528,824],{"class":116},[63,99530,408],{"class":120},[63,99532,117],{"class":116},[63,99534,89],{"class":81},[63,99536,824],{"class":116},[63,99538,408],{"class":120},[63,99540,117],{"class":116},[63,99542,89],{"class":81},[63,99544,824],{"class":116},[63,99546,33513],{"class":120},[63,99548,117],{"class":116},[63,99550,846],{"class":81},[63,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99554,140],{"class":139},[63,99556,113],{"class":81},[63,99558,4445],{"class":145},[63,99560,126],{"class":81},[63,99562,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,99564,140],{"class":139},[63,99566,113],{"class":81},[63,99568,11468],{"class":139},[63,99570,113],{"class":81},[63,99572,4445],{"class":145},[63,99574,100],{"class":81},[14,99576,99577],{},[1217,99578,30321],{},[54,99580,99582],{"className":56,"code":99581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99583,99584,99612],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99587,9588],{"class":81},[63,99589,193],{"class":116},[63,99591,427],{"class":120},[63,99593,193],{"class":116},[63,99595,89],{"class":81},[63,99597,203],{"class":116},[63,99599,33513],{"class":120},[63,99601,193],{"class":116},[63,99603,89],{"class":81},[63,99605,203],{"class":116},[63,99607,408],{"class":120},[63,99609,193],{"class":116},[63,99611,846],{"class":81},[63,99613,99614],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99615,46908],{"class":85},[14,99617,99618],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[49,99620,99622],{"id":99621},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99624,99625,99626,99628],{},"Set items must be ",[1217,99627,96471],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99630,99631],{},"These usually work:",[29,99633,99634,99636,99638,99640],{},[32,99635,56743],{},[32,99637,56746],{},[32,99639,96483],{},[32,99641,40885],{},[54,99643,99645],{"className":56,"code":99644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99646,99647,99681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99648,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99650,731],{"class":69},[63,99652,74],{"class":73},[63,99654,811],{"class":81},[63,99656,86],{"class":85},[63,99658,89],{"class":81},[63,99660,824],{"class":116},[63,99662,408],{"class":120},[63,99664,117],{"class":116},[63,99666,89],{"class":81},[63,99668,1687],{"class":81},[63,99670,741],{"class":85},[63,99672,89],{"class":81},[63,99674,746],{"class":85},[63,99676,1684],{"class":81},[63,99678,4249],{"class":1205},[63,99680,846],{"class":81},[63,99682,99683,99685,99687,99689],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99684,140],{"class":139},[63,99686,113],{"class":81},[63,99688,763],{"class":145},[63,99690,126],{"class":81},[14,99692,99693,99694,99696],{},"These do ",[1217,99695,4961],{}," work directly:",[29,99698,99699,99701],{},[32,99700,97187],{},[32,99702,97190],{},[54,99704,99706],{"className":56,"code":99705,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99707,99708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99709,99710,99713,99715,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99711,99712],{"class":69},"bad_set ",[63,99714,74],{"class":73},[63,99716,99717],{"class":81}," {[",[63,99719,86],{"class":85},[63,99721,89],{"class":81},[63,99723,92],{"class":85},[63,99725,89],{"class":81},[63,99727,97],{"class":85},[63,99729,14006],{"class":81},[14,99731,99732],{},"This raises an error:",[54,99734,99735],{"className":56,"code":97246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,99736,99737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99738,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99740,1032],{"class":77},[63,99742,821],{"class":81},[63,99744,97257],{"class":69},[63,99746,3557],{"class":77},[63,99748,821],{"class":81},[63,99750,203],{"class":116},[63,99752,276],{"class":120},[63,99754,29991],{"class":116},[14,99756,52372],{},[54,99758,99760],{"className":56,"code":99759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99761,99762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99763,99764,99766,99768,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99765,99712],{"class":69},[63,99767,74],{"class":73},[63,99769,99770],{"class":81}," {{",[63,99772,117],{"class":116},[63,99774,816],{"class":120},[63,99776,117],{"class":116},[63,99778,821],{"class":81},[63,99780,824],{"class":116},[63,99782,7997],{"class":120},[63,99784,117],{"class":116},[63,99786,99787],{"class":81},"}}\n",[14,99789,99790],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[49,99792,99794],{"id":99793},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[486,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[54,99800,99802],{"className":56,"code":99801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99803,99804,99828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99805,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99807,70],{"class":69},[63,99809,74],{"class":73},[63,99811,811],{"class":81},[63,99813,86],{"class":85},[63,99815,89],{"class":81},[63,99817,92],{"class":85},[63,99819,89],{"class":81},[63,99821,97],{"class":85},[63,99823,89],{"class":81},[63,99825,705],{"class":85},[63,99827,846],{"class":81},[63,99829,99830,99832,99834,99836],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99831,140],{"class":139},[63,99833,113],{"class":81},[63,99835,146],{"class":145},[63,99837,126],{"class":81},[486,99839,99841],{"id":99840},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[54,99843,99845],{"className":56,"code":99844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99846,99847,99875,99890,99894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99848,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99850,342],{"class":69},[63,99852,74],{"class":73},[63,99854,1091],{"class":81},[63,99856,86],{"class":85},[63,99858,89],{"class":81},[63,99860,692],{"class":85},[63,99862,89],{"class":81},[63,99864,92],{"class":85},[63,99866,89],{"class":81},[63,99868,97],{"class":85},[63,99870,89],{"class":81},[63,99872,97],{"class":85},[63,99874,186],{"class":81},[63,99876,99877,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99878,99879],{"class":69},"unique_items ",[63,99881,74],{"class":73},[63,99883,15930],{"class":77},[63,99885,113],{"class":81},[63,99887,357],{"class":145},[63,99889,126],{"class":81},[63,99891,99892],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,99893,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,99895,99896,99898,99900,99903],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,99897,140],{"class":139},[63,99899,113],{"class":81},[63,99901,99902],{"class":145},"unique_items",[63,99904,126],{"class":81},[486,99906,99252],{"id":99907},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[54,99909,99911],{"className":56,"code":99910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99912,99913,99931],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99916,106],{"class":69},[63,99918,74],{"class":73},[63,99920,15930],{"class":77},[63,99922,113],{"class":81},[63,99924,117],{"class":116},[63,99926,427],{"class":120},[63,99928,117],{"class":116},[63,99930,126],{"class":81},[63,99932,99933,99935,99937,99939],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99934,140],{"class":139},[63,99936,113],{"class":81},[63,99938,158],{"class":145},[63,99940,126],{"class":81},[486,99942,99944],{"id":99943},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[54,99946,99948],{"className":56,"code":99947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99949,99950,99960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99951,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99953,98390],{"class":69},[63,99955,74],{"class":73},[63,99957,15930],{"class":77},[63,99959,279],{"class":81},[63,99961,99962,99964,99966,99968],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,99963,140],{"class":139},[63,99965,113],{"class":81},[63,99967,98409],{"class":145},[63,99969,126],{"class":81},[49,99971,3167],{"id":3166},[14,99973,99974],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[486,99976,8733,99978,99980],{"id":99977},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99979,4128],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99982,99983],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[54,99985,99987],{"className":56,"code":99986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99988,99989,99997],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,99990,99991,99993,99995],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,99992,2782],{"class":69},[63,99994,74],{"class":73},[63,99996,10145],{"class":81},[63,99998,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007,100009],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100000,140],{"class":139},[63,100002,113],{"class":81},[63,100004,3557],{"class":77},[63,100006,113],{"class":81},[63,100008,2807],{"class":145},[63,100010,100],{"class":81},[14,100012,100013],{},"This prints:",[54,100015,100016],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,100017,100018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100021,3626],{"class":73},[63,100023,3629],{"class":2402},[63,100025,203],{"class":116},[63,100027,9138],{"class":120},[63,100029,193],{"class":116},[63,100031,3638],{"class":73},[14,100033,222,100034,6951],{},[18,100035,4133],{},[486,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100041,100042],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[54,100044,100046],{"className":56,"code":100045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,100047,100048,100076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100051,70],{"class":69},[63,100053,74],{"class":73},[63,100055,811],{"class":81},[63,100057,86],{"class":85},[63,100059,89],{"class":81},[63,100061,692],{"class":85},[63,100063,89],{"class":81},[63,100065,92],{"class":85},[63,100067,89],{"class":81},[63,100069,92],{"class":85},[63,100071,89],{"class":81},[63,100073,97],{"class":85},[63,100075,846],{"class":81},[63,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100079,140],{"class":139},[63,100081,113],{"class":81},[63,100083,146],{"class":145},[63,100085,126],{"class":81},[14,100087,100088],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[486,100090,100092],{"id":100091},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100094,100095],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100097,100098],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[54,100100,100102],{"className":56,"code":100101,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,100103,100104,100124],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100105,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100107,70],{"class":69},[63,100109,74],{"class":73},[63,100111,811],{"class":81},[63,100113,741],{"class":85},[63,100115,89],{"class":81},[63,100117,746],{"class":85},[63,100119,89],{"class":81},[63,100121,751],{"class":85},[63,100123,846],{"class":81},[63,100125,100126],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100127,100128],{"class":1910},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100130,100131],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[486,100133,100135],{"id":100134},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100137,100138],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[54,100140,100142],{"className":56,"code":100141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,100143,100144,100149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100145,100146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100147,100148],{"class":1910},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[63,100150,100151],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100152,100153],{"class":1910},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100155,100156,100157,259],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,100158,1032],{},[486,100160,100162],{"id":100161},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100164,100165],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[54,100167,100169],{"className":56,"code":100168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,100170,100171,100191,100223,100227,100241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100172,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100174,15925],{"class":69},[63,100176,74],{"class":73},[63,100178,811],{"class":81},[63,100180,86],{"class":85},[63,100182,89],{"class":81},[63,100184,92],{"class":85},[63,100186,89],{"class":81},[63,100188,97],{"class":85},[63,100190,846],{"class":81},[63,100192,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100194,12033],{"class":69},[63,100196,74],{"class":73},[63,100198,811],{"class":81},[63,100200,117],{"class":116},[63,100202,196],{"class":120},[63,100204,117],{"class":116},[63,100206,821],{"class":81},[63,100208,692],{"class":85},[63,100210,89],{"class":81},[63,100212,824],{"class":116},[63,100214,206],{"class":120},[63,100216,117],{"class":116},[63,100218,821],{"class":81},[63,100220,92],{"class":85},[63,100222,846],{"class":81},[63,100224,100225],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,100226,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,100228,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,100230,140],{"class":139},[63,100232,113],{"class":81},[63,100234,3557],{"class":77},[63,100236,113],{"class":81},[63,100238,15963],{"class":145},[63,100240,100],{"class":81},[63,100242,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,100244,140],{"class":139},[63,100246,113],{"class":81},[63,100248,3557],{"class":77},[63,100250,113],{"class":81},[63,100252,11757],{"class":145},[63,100254,100],{"class":81},[49,100256,92883],{"id":92882},[14,100258,100259],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[54,100261,100263],{"className":56,"code":100262,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,100264,100265,100291,100295,100309,100319,100333,100340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100266,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100268,15925],{"class":69},[63,100270,74],{"class":73},[63,100272,15930],{"class":77},[63,100274,2071],{"class":81},[63,100276,86],{"class":85},[63,100278,89],{"class":81},[63,100280,92],{"class":85},[63,100282,89],{"class":81},[63,100284,92],{"class":85},[63,100286,89],{"class":81},[63,100288,97],{"class":85},[63,100290,2080],{"class":81},[63,100292,100293],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100294,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,100298,140],{"class":139},[63,100300,113],{"class":81},[63,100302,3557],{"class":77},[63,100304,113],{"class":81},[63,100306,15963],{"class":145},[63,100308,100],{"class":81},[63,100310,100311,100313,100315,100317],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,100312,140],{"class":139},[63,100314,113],{"class":81},[63,100316,15963],{"class":145},[63,100318,126],{"class":81},[63,100320,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,100322,140],{"class":139},[63,100324,113],{"class":81},[63,100326,11468],{"class":139},[63,100328,113],{"class":81},[63,100330,15963],{"class":145},[63,100332,100],{"class":81},[63,100334,100335,100337],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,100336,140],{"class":139},[63,100338,100339],{"class":81},"({})\n",[63,100341,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,100343,140],{"class":139},[63,100345,113],{"class":81},[63,100347,6607],{"class":77},[63,100349,7515],{"class":81},[14,100351,100352],{},"Use these to confirm:",[29,100354,100355,100358,100361,100364],{},[32,100356,100357],{},"The object type",[32,100359,100360],{},"The actual values stored",[32,100362,100363],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[32,100365,100366,100367,4726,100369],{},"The difference between ",[18,100368,4128],{},[18,100370,4133],{},[49,100372,2165],{"id":2164},[486,100374,100376],{"id":100375},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100378,100379,100380,100383,100384,100386],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,100381,100382],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,100385,4133],{}," with another iterable.",[486,100388,100390],{"id":100389},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100392,222,100393,100395,100396,100398],{},[18,100394,4133],{},". Empty braces ",[18,100397,4128],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[486,100400,100402],{"id":100401},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100404,100405],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[486,100407,100409],{"id":100408},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100411,100412],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[486,100414,100416],{"id":100415},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100418,100419],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[49,100421,2219],{"id":2218},[29,100423,100424,100428,100434,100440,100445],{},[32,100425,100426],{},[196,100427,96428],{"href":97599},[32,100429,100430],{},[196,100431,3912,100432,11046],{"href":98600},[18,100433,96308],{},[32,100435,100436],{},[196,100437,3912,100438,11046],{"href":98619},[18,100439,97414],{},[32,100441,100442],{},[196,100443,100444],{"href":99177},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[32,100446,100447],{},[196,100448,100449],{"href":98891},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100451,100452],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2259,100454,100455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":100457},[100458,100459,100460,100461,100464,100470,100474,100475,100476,100482,100490,100491,100498],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":98863,"depth":103,"text":98864},{"id":98895,"depth":103,"text":98896,"children":100462},[100463],{"id":98964,"depth":129,"text":98965},{"id":99068,"depth":103,"text":100465,"children":100466},"Create a set with set()",[100467,100468,100469],{"id":99093,"depth":129,"text":99094},{"id":99181,"depth":129,"text":99182},{"id":99251,"depth":129,"text":99252},{"id":99336,"depth":103,"text":99337,"children":100471},[100472],{"id":99413,"depth":129,"text":100473},"Do not use {}",{"id":72365,"depth":103,"text":72366},{"id":99621,"depth":103,"text":99622},{"id":99793,"depth":103,"text":99794,"children":100477},[100478,100479,100480,100481],{"id":99797,"depth":129,"text":99798},{"id":99840,"depth":129,"text":99841},{"id":99907,"depth":129,"text":99252},{"id":99943,"depth":129,"text":99944},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":100483},[100484,100486,100487,100488,100489],{"id":99977,"depth":129,"text":100485},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100038,"depth":129,"text":100039},{"id":100091,"depth":129,"text":100092},{"id":100134,"depth":129,"text":100135},{"id":100161,"depth":129,"text":100162},{"id":92882,"depth":103,"text":92883},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":100492},[100493,100494,100495,100496,100497],{"id":100375,"depth":129,"text":100376},{"id":100389,"depth":129,"text":100390},{"id":100401,"depth":129,"text":100402},{"id":100408,"depth":129,"text":100409},{"id":100415,"depth":129,"text":100416},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98666,"description":100499},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100505,"title":100506,"body":100507,"description":102938,"extension":2300,"meta":102939,"navigation":132,"path":102940,"seo":102941,"stem":102942,"__hash__":102943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100508,"toc":102903},[100509,100515,100521,100524,100526,100603,100605,100622,100632,100634,100639,100647,100649,100665,100669,100671,100673,100676,100697,100700,100724,100730,100732,100829,100831,100848,100858,100860,100862,100870,100872,100883,100885,100976,100978,101002,101013,101015,101017,101020,101150,101152,101225,101227,101248,101251,101253,101259,101264,101267,101394,101396,101413,101416,101418,101426,101429,101433,101441,101532,101534,101571,101576,101583,101660,101662,101678,101683,101688,101690,101699,101707,101788,101790,101819,101822,101826,101837,101840,101923,101925,101946,101952,101954,101956,101960,101964,101971,102036,102038,102058,102061,102130,102132,102148,102152,102158,102170,102178,102180,102265,102267,102296,102299,102303,102308,102310,102360,102363,102444,102446,102462,102466,102469,102544,102547,102551,102554,102631,102633,102666,102672,102676,102679,102814,102816,102830,102832,102834,102840,102843,102850,102858,102864,102867,102871,102874,102876,102878,102900],[10,100510,96300,100512,11629],{"id":100511},"python-set-difference-method",[18,100513,100514],{},"difference()",[14,100516,100517,100520],{},[18,100518,100519],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100522,100523],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[49,100525,3946],{"id":3945},[54,100527,100529],{"className":56,"code":100528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100530,100531,100555,100575,100593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100532,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100534,2890],{"class":69},[63,100536,74],{"class":73},[63,100538,811],{"class":81},[63,100540,86],{"class":85},[63,100542,89],{"class":81},[63,100544,92],{"class":85},[63,100546,89],{"class":81},[63,100548,97],{"class":85},[63,100550,89],{"class":81},[63,100552,705],{"class":85},[63,100554,846],{"class":81},[63,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100558,2918],{"class":69},[63,100560,74],{"class":73},[63,100562,811],{"class":81},[63,100564,1248],{"class":85},[63,100566,89],{"class":81},[63,100568,705],{"class":85},[63,100570,89],{"class":81},[63,100572,4935],{"class":85},[63,100574,846],{"class":81},[63,100576,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,100578,851],{"class":69},[63,100580,74],{"class":73},[63,100582,57168],{"class":69},[63,100584,259],{"class":81},[63,100586,3148],{"class":145},[63,100588,113],{"class":81},[63,100590,206],{"class":145},[63,100592,126],{"class":81},[63,100594,100595,100597,100599,100601],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,100596,140],{"class":139},[63,100598,113],{"class":81},[63,100600,875],{"class":145},[63,100602,126],{"class":81},[14,100604,163],{},[54,100606,100608],{"className":56,"code":100607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100609,100610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100611,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100613,9588],{"class":81},[63,100615,86],{"class":85},[63,100617,89],{"class":81},[63,100619,92],{"class":85},[63,100621,846],{"class":81},[14,100623,100624,100626,100627,100629,100630,259],{},[18,100625,100514],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100628,196],{}," that are not in ",[18,100631,206],{},[45208,100633],{},[49,100635,4014,100637,4017],{"id":100636},"what-difference-does",[18,100638,100514],{},[14,100640,2317,100641,100643,100644,100646],{},[18,100642,100514],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1217,100645,4961],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100648,13357],{},[29,100650,100651,100656,100659,100662],{},[32,100652,100653,100655],{},[18,100654,100514],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[32,100657,100658],{},"It creates a new set",[32,100660,100661],{},"It does not change the original set",[32,100663,100664],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100666,96424,100667,259],{},[196,100668,96428],{"href":97599},[45208,100670],{},[49,100672,263],{"id":262},[14,100674,100675],{},"Use this form:",[54,100677,100679],{"className":56,"code":100678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100680,100681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100682,100683,100686,100688,100690,100692,100695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100684,100685],{"class":69},"set1",[63,100687,259],{"class":81},[63,100689,3148],{"class":145},[63,100691,113],{"class":81},[63,100693,100694],{"class":145},"set2",[63,100696,126],{"class":81},[14,100698,100699],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[54,100701,100703],{"className":56,"code":100702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100704,100705],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100706,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100722],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100708,100685],{"class":69},[63,100710,259],{"class":81},[63,100712,3148],{"class":145},[63,100714,113],{"class":81},[63,100716,100694],{"class":145},[63,100718,89],{"class":81},[63,100720,100721],{"class":145}," set3",[63,100723,126],{"class":81},[14,100725,100726,100727,100729],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1217,100728,5676],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100731,2543],{},[54,100733,100735],{"className":56,"code":100734,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100736,100737,100765,100781,100793,100797,100819],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100738,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100740,2890],{"class":69},[63,100742,74],{"class":73},[63,100744,811],{"class":81},[63,100746,86],{"class":85},[63,100748,89],{"class":81},[63,100750,92],{"class":85},[63,100752,89],{"class":81},[63,100754,97],{"class":85},[63,100756,89],{"class":81},[63,100758,705],{"class":85},[63,100760,89],{"class":81},[63,100762,4935],{"class":85},[63,100764,846],{"class":81},[63,100766,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100768,2918],{"class":69},[63,100770,74],{"class":73},[63,100772,811],{"class":81},[63,100774,2394],{"class":85},[63,100776,89],{"class":81},[63,100778,97],{"class":85},[63,100780,846],{"class":81},[63,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,100784,83283],{"class":69},[63,100786,74],{"class":73},[63,100788,811],{"class":81},[63,100790,661],{"class":85},[63,100792,846],{"class":81},[63,100794,100795],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,100796,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,100798,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,100800,851],{"class":69},[63,100802,74],{"class":73},[63,100804,57168],{"class":69},[63,100806,259],{"class":81},[63,100808,3148],{"class":145},[63,100810,113],{"class":81},[63,100812,206],{"class":145},[63,100814,89],{"class":81},[63,100816,9989],{"class":145},[63,100818,126],{"class":81},[63,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,100822,140],{"class":139},[63,100824,113],{"class":81},[63,100826,875],{"class":145},[63,100828,126],{"class":81},[14,100830,163],{},[54,100832,100834],{"className":56,"code":100833,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100835,100836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100839,9588],{"class":81},[63,100841,86],{"class":85},[63,100843,89],{"class":81},[63,100845,705],{"class":85},[63,100847,846],{"class":81},[14,100849,100850,100851,100853,100854,1725,100856,259],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100852,196],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100855,206],{},[18,100857,215],{},[45208,100859],{},[49,100861,17715],{"id":17714},[14,100863,100864,100866,100867,259],{},[18,100865,100514],{}," always returns a ",[1217,100868,100869],{},"new set",[14,100871,43941],{},[29,100873,100874,100877,100880],{},[32,100875,100876],{},"The return value is a new set",[32,100878,100879],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[32,100881,100882],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100884,2543],{},[54,100886,100888],{"className":56,"code":100887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100889,100890,100906,100926,100930,100948,100952,100962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100893,2890],{"class":69},[63,100895,74],{"class":73},[63,100897,811],{"class":81},[63,100899,86],{"class":85},[63,100901,89],{"class":81},[63,100903,92],{"class":85},[63,100905,846],{"class":81},[63,100907,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100909,2918],{"class":69},[63,100911,74],{"class":73},[63,100913,811],{"class":81},[63,100915,86],{"class":85},[63,100917,89],{"class":81},[63,100919,92],{"class":85},[63,100921,89],{"class":81},[63,100923,97],{"class":85},[63,100925,846],{"class":81},[63,100927,100928],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,100929,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,100931,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,100933,851],{"class":69},[63,100935,74],{"class":73},[63,100937,57168],{"class":69},[63,100939,259],{"class":81},[63,100941,3148],{"class":145},[63,100943,113],{"class":81},[63,100945,206],{"class":145},[63,100947,126],{"class":81},[63,100949,100950],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,100951,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,100955,140],{"class":139},[63,100957,113],{"class":81},[63,100959,875],{"class":145},[63,100961,126],{"class":81},[63,100963,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,100965,140],{"class":139},[63,100967,113],{"class":81},[63,100969,3557],{"class":77},[63,100971,113],{"class":81},[63,100973,875],{"class":145},[63,100975,100],{"class":81},[14,100977,163],{},[54,100979,100980],{"className":56,"code":99388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,100981,100982,100988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,100983,100984,100986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,100985,6607],{"class":77},[63,100987,279],{"class":81},[63,100989,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,100991,3626],{"class":73},[63,100993,3629],{"class":2402},[63,100995,203],{"class":116},[63,100997,6607],{"class":120},[63,100999,193],{"class":116},[63,101001,3638],{"class":73},[14,101003,101004,101005,19259,101007,101009,101010,101012],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,101006,4133],{},[18,101008,4128],{},". In Python, ",[18,101011,4128],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45208,101014],{},[49,101016,11783],{"id":11782},[14,101018,101019],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[54,101021,101023],{"className":56,"code":101022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,101024,101025,101058,101091,101095,101115,101119,101129,101140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101026,101027,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101028,101029],{"class":69},"fruits_a ",[63,101031,74],{"class":73},[63,101033,811],{"class":81},[63,101035,117],{"class":116},[63,101037,408],{"class":120},[63,101039,117],{"class":116},[63,101041,89],{"class":81},[63,101043,824],{"class":116},[63,101045,427],{"class":120},[63,101047,117],{"class":116},[63,101049,89],{"class":81},[63,101051,824],{"class":116},[63,101053,33513],{"class":120},[63,101055,117],{"class":116},[63,101057,846],{"class":81},[63,101059,101060,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101061,101062],{"class":69},"fruits_b ",[63,101064,74],{"class":73},[63,101066,811],{"class":81},[63,101068,117],{"class":116},[63,101070,427],{"class":120},[63,101072,117],{"class":116},[63,101074,89],{"class":81},[63,101076,824],{"class":116},[63,101078,33513],{"class":120},[63,101080,117],{"class":116},[63,101082,89],{"class":81},[63,101084,824],{"class":116},[63,101086,22826],{"class":120},[63,101088,117],{"class":116},[63,101090,846],{"class":81},[63,101092,101093],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101094,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101096,101097,101099,101101,101104,101106,101108,101110,101113],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101098,851],{"class":69},[63,101100,74],{"class":73},[63,101102,101103],{"class":69}," fruits_a",[63,101105,259],{"class":81},[63,101107,3148],{"class":145},[63,101109,113],{"class":81},[63,101111,101112],{"class":145},"fruits_b",[63,101114,126],{"class":81},[63,101116,101117],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101118,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101120,101121,101123,101125,101127],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,101122,140],{"class":139},[63,101124,113],{"class":81},[63,101126,875],{"class":145},[63,101128,126],{"class":81},[63,101130,101131,101133,101135,101138],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,101132,140],{"class":139},[63,101134,113],{"class":81},[63,101136,101137],{"class":145},"fruits_a",[63,101139,126],{"class":81},[63,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,101143,140],{"class":139},[63,101145,113],{"class":81},[63,101147,101112],{"class":145},[63,101149,126],{"class":81},[14,101151,30321],{},[54,101153,101155],{"className":56,"code":101154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,101156,101157,101169,101197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101160,9588],{"class":81},[63,101162,193],{"class":116},[63,101164,408],{"class":120},[63,101166,193],{"class":116},[63,101168,846],{"class":81},[63,101170,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101172,9588],{"class":81},[63,101174,193],{"class":116},[63,101176,427],{"class":120},[63,101178,193],{"class":116},[63,101180,89],{"class":81},[63,101182,203],{"class":116},[63,101184,33513],{"class":120},[63,101186,193],{"class":116},[63,101188,89],{"class":81},[63,101190,203],{"class":116},[63,101192,408],{"class":120},[63,101194,193],{"class":116},[63,101196,846],{"class":81},[63,101198,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101200,9588],{"class":81},[63,101202,193],{"class":116},[63,101204,427],{"class":120},[63,101206,193],{"class":116},[63,101208,89],{"class":81},[63,101210,203],{"class":116},[63,101212,33513],{"class":120},[63,101214,193],{"class":116},[63,101216,89],{"class":81},[63,101218,203],{"class":116},[63,101220,22826],{"class":120},[63,101222,193],{"class":116},[63,101224,846],{"class":81},[14,101226,11992],{},[29,101228,101229,101234,101239,101245],{},[32,101230,101231,101232],{},"Start with ",[18,101233,101137],{},[32,101235,101236,101237],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,101238,101112],{},[32,101240,101241,101242,101244],{},"Only ",[18,101243,58114],{}," remains",[32,101246,101247],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101249,101250],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45208,101252],{},[49,101254,8733,101256,101258],{"id":101255},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,101257,100514],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101260,101261,101262,259],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,101263,100514],{},[14,101265,101266],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[54,101268,101270],{"className":56,"code":101269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,101271,101272,101304,101321,101334,101351,101355,101384],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101273,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101275,70],{"class":69},[63,101277,74],{"class":73},[63,101279,811],{"class":81},[63,101281,86],{"class":85},[63,101283,89],{"class":81},[63,101285,92],{"class":85},[63,101287,89],{"class":81},[63,101289,97],{"class":85},[63,101291,89],{"class":81},[63,101293,705],{"class":85},[63,101295,89],{"class":81},[63,101297,4935],{"class":85},[63,101299,89],{"class":81},[63,101301,37934],{"class":85},[63,101303,846],{"class":81},[63,101305,101306,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101307,101308],{"class":69},"group_a ",[63,101310,74],{"class":73},[63,101312,811],{"class":81},[63,101314,2394],{"class":85},[63,101316,89],{"class":81},[63,101318,705],{"class":85},[63,101320,846],{"class":81},[63,101322,101323,101326,101328,101330,101332],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101324,101325],{"class":69},"group_b ",[63,101327,74],{"class":73},[63,101329,811],{"class":81},[63,101331,661],{"class":85},[63,101333,846],{"class":81},[63,101335,101336,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101337,101338],{"class":69},"group_c ",[63,101340,74],{"class":73},[63,101342,811],{"class":81},[63,101344,80691],{"class":85},[63,101346,89],{"class":81},[63,101348,6313],{"class":85},[63,101350,846],{"class":81},[63,101352,101353],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101354,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101356,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101372,101374,101377,101379,101382],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,101358,851],{"class":69},[63,101360,74],{"class":73},[63,101362,4595],{"class":69},[63,101364,259],{"class":81},[63,101366,3148],{"class":145},[63,101368,113],{"class":81},[63,101370,101371],{"class":145},"group_a",[63,101373,89],{"class":81},[63,101375,101376],{"class":145}," group_b",[63,101378,89],{"class":81},[63,101380,101381],{"class":145}," group_c",[63,101383,126],{"class":81},[63,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,101387,140],{"class":139},[63,101389,113],{"class":81},[63,101391,875],{"class":145},[63,101393,126],{"class":81},[14,101395,163],{},[54,101397,101399],{"className":56,"code":101398,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3}\n",[18,101400,101401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101404,9588],{"class":81},[63,101406,86],{"class":85},[63,101408,89],{"class":81},[63,101410,97],{"class":85},[63,101412,846],{"class":81},[14,101414,101415],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45208,101417],{},[49,101419,101421,10891,101423],{"id":101420},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,101422,100514],{},[18,101424,101425],{},"difference_update()",[14,101427,101428],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[486,101430,101431],{"id":3148},[18,101432,100514],{},[29,101434,101435,101438],{},[32,101436,101437],{},"Returns a new set",[32,101439,101440],{},"Does not change the original set",[54,101442,101444],{"className":56,"code":101443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101445,101446,101470,101486,101490,101508,101512,101522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101449,2890],{"class":69},[63,101451,74],{"class":73},[63,101453,811],{"class":81},[63,101455,86],{"class":85},[63,101457,89],{"class":81},[63,101459,92],{"class":85},[63,101461,89],{"class":81},[63,101463,97],{"class":85},[63,101465,89],{"class":81},[63,101467,705],{"class":85},[63,101469,846],{"class":81},[63,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101473,2918],{"class":69},[63,101475,74],{"class":73},[63,101477,811],{"class":81},[63,101479,1248],{"class":85},[63,101481,89],{"class":81},[63,101483,705],{"class":85},[63,101485,846],{"class":81},[63,101487,101488],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101489,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101491,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101493,851],{"class":69},[63,101495,74],{"class":73},[63,101497,57168],{"class":69},[63,101499,259],{"class":81},[63,101501,3148],{"class":145},[63,101503,113],{"class":81},[63,101505,206],{"class":145},[63,101507,126],{"class":81},[63,101509,101510],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101511,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101513,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,101515,140],{"class":139},[63,101517,113],{"class":81},[63,101519,875],{"class":145},[63,101521,126],{"class":81},[63,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,101525,140],{"class":139},[63,101527,113],{"class":81},[63,101529,196],{"class":145},[63,101531,126],{"class":81},[14,101533,163],{},[54,101535,101537],{"className":56,"code":101536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,101538,101539,101551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101540,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101542,9588],{"class":81},[63,101544,86],{"class":85},[63,101546,89],{"class":81},[63,101548,92],{"class":85},[63,101550,846],{"class":81},[63,101552,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101554,9588],{"class":81},[63,101556,86],{"class":85},[63,101558,89],{"class":81},[63,101560,92],{"class":85},[63,101562,89],{"class":81},[63,101564,97],{"class":85},[63,101566,89],{"class":81},[63,101568,705],{"class":85},[63,101570,846],{"class":81},[486,101572,101574],{"id":101573},"difference_update",[18,101575,101425],{},[29,101577,101578,101581],{},[32,101579,101580],{},"Changes the original set",[32,101582,96418],{},[54,101584,101586],{"className":56,"code":101585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101587,101588,101612,101628,101632,101646,101650],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101591,2890],{"class":69},[63,101593,74],{"class":73},[63,101595,811],{"class":81},[63,101597,86],{"class":85},[63,101599,89],{"class":81},[63,101601,92],{"class":85},[63,101603,89],{"class":81},[63,101605,97],{"class":85},[63,101607,89],{"class":81},[63,101609,705],{"class":85},[63,101611,846],{"class":81},[63,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101615,2918],{"class":69},[63,101617,74],{"class":73},[63,101619,811],{"class":81},[63,101621,1248],{"class":85},[63,101623,89],{"class":81},[63,101625,705],{"class":85},[63,101627,846],{"class":81},[63,101629,101630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101631,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101635,196],{"class":69},[63,101637,259],{"class":81},[63,101639,101573],{"class":145},[63,101641,113],{"class":81},[63,101643,206],{"class":145},[63,101645,126],{"class":81},[63,101647,101648],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101649,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101651,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,101653,140],{"class":139},[63,101655,113],{"class":81},[63,101657,196],{"class":145},[63,101659,126],{"class":81},[14,101661,163],{},[54,101663,101664],{"className":56,"code":100607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,101665,101666],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101669,9588],{"class":81},[63,101671,86],{"class":85},[63,101673,89],{"class":81},[63,101675,92],{"class":85},[63,101677,846],{"class":81},[14,101679,222,101680,101682],{},[18,101681,100514],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101684,101685,101686,33893],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101687,101425],{},[45208,101689],{},[49,101691,101693,101695,101696,101698],{"id":101692},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101694,100514],{}," vs the ",[18,101697,2359],{}," operator",[14,101700,2317,101701,101703,101704,101706],{},[18,101702,2359],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101705,100514],{}," for two sets.",[54,101708,101710],{"className":56,"code":101709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101711,101712,101736,101752,101756,101774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101715,2890],{"class":69},[63,101717,74],{"class":73},[63,101719,811],{"class":81},[63,101721,86],{"class":85},[63,101723,89],{"class":81},[63,101725,92],{"class":85},[63,101727,89],{"class":81},[63,101729,97],{"class":85},[63,101731,89],{"class":81},[63,101733,705],{"class":85},[63,101735,846],{"class":81},[63,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101739,2918],{"class":69},[63,101741,74],{"class":73},[63,101743,811],{"class":81},[63,101745,1248],{"class":85},[63,101747,89],{"class":81},[63,101749,705],{"class":85},[63,101751,846],{"class":81},[63,101753,101754],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101755,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101757,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101759,140],{"class":139},[63,101761,113],{"class":81},[63,101763,196],{"class":145},[63,101765,259],{"class":81},[63,101767,3148],{"class":145},[63,101769,113],{"class":81},[63,101771,206],{"class":145},[63,101773,100],{"class":81},[63,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101777,140],{"class":139},[63,101779,113],{"class":81},[63,101781,2890],{"class":145},[63,101783,2359],{"class":73},[63,101785,2895],{"class":145},[63,101787,126],{"class":81},[14,101789,163],{},[54,101791,101793],{"className":56,"code":101792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101794,101795,101807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101798,9588],{"class":81},[63,101800,86],{"class":85},[63,101802,89],{"class":81},[63,101804,92],{"class":85},[63,101806,846],{"class":81},[63,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101810,9588],{"class":81},[63,101812,86],{"class":85},[63,101814,89],{"class":81},[63,101816,92],{"class":85},[63,101818,846],{"class":81},[14,101820,101821],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101823,94688,101824,2827],{},[18,101825,100514],{},[29,101827,101828,101831,101834],{},[32,101829,101830],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[32,101832,101833],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[32,101835,101836],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101838,101839],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[54,101841,101843],{"className":56,"code":101842,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101844,101845,101873,101885,101897,101901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101846,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101848,2890],{"class":69},[63,101850,74],{"class":73},[63,101852,811],{"class":81},[63,101854,86],{"class":85},[63,101856,89],{"class":81},[63,101858,92],{"class":85},[63,101860,89],{"class":81},[63,101862,97],{"class":85},[63,101864,89],{"class":81},[63,101866,705],{"class":85},[63,101868,89],{"class":81},[63,101870,4935],{"class":85},[63,101872,846],{"class":81},[63,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101876,2918],{"class":69},[63,101878,74],{"class":73},[63,101880,811],{"class":81},[63,101882,2394],{"class":85},[63,101884,846],{"class":81},[63,101886,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,101888,83283],{"class":69},[63,101890,74],{"class":73},[63,101892,811],{"class":81},[63,101894,2840],{"class":85},[63,101896,846],{"class":81},[63,101898,101899],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,101900,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,101904,140],{"class":139},[63,101906,113],{"class":81},[63,101908,196],{"class":145},[63,101910,259],{"class":81},[63,101912,3148],{"class":145},[63,101914,113],{"class":81},[63,101916,206],{"class":145},[63,101918,89],{"class":81},[63,101920,9989],{"class":145},[63,101922,100],{"class":81},[14,101924,163],{},[54,101926,101928],{"className":56,"code":101927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101929,101930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101931,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101933,9588],{"class":81},[63,101935,86],{"class":85},[63,101937,89],{"class":81},[63,101939,97],{"class":85},[63,101941,89],{"class":81},[63,101943,4935],{"class":85},[63,101945,846],{"class":81},[14,101947,101948,101949,101951],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101950,2359],{}," operator expression.",[45208,101953],{},[49,101955,1888],{"id":1887},[14,101957,21506,101958,259],{},[18,101959,100514],{},[486,101961,101963],{"id":101962},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101965,4958,101966,101968,101969,821],{},[1217,101967,4961],{}," change ",[18,101970,196],{},[54,101972,101974],{"className":56,"code":101973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101975,101976,101996,102008,102012,102026],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,101979,2890],{"class":69},[63,101981,74],{"class":73},[63,101983,811],{"class":81},[63,101985,86],{"class":85},[63,101987,89],{"class":81},[63,101989,92],{"class":85},[63,101991,89],{"class":81},[63,101993,97],{"class":85},[63,101995,846],{"class":81},[63,101997,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,101999,2918],{"class":69},[63,102001,74],{"class":73},[63,102003,811],{"class":81},[63,102005,1248],{"class":85},[63,102007,846],{"class":81},[63,102009,102010],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102011,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102015,196],{"class":69},[63,102017,259],{"class":81},[63,102019,3148],{"class":145},[63,102021,113],{"class":81},[63,102023,206],{"class":145},[63,102025,126],{"class":81},[63,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102029,140],{"class":139},[63,102031,113],{"class":81},[63,102033,196],{"class":145},[63,102035,126],{"class":81},[14,102037,163],{},[54,102039,102040],{"className":56,"code":96707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,102041,102042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102043,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102045,9588],{"class":81},[63,102047,86],{"class":85},[63,102049,89],{"class":81},[63,102051,92],{"class":85},[63,102053,89],{"class":81},[63,102055,97],{"class":85},[63,102057,846],{"class":81},[14,102059,102060],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[54,102062,102064],{"className":56,"code":102063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,102065,102066,102086,102098,102102,102120],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102069,2890],{"class":69},[63,102071,74],{"class":73},[63,102073,811],{"class":81},[63,102075,86],{"class":85},[63,102077,89],{"class":81},[63,102079,92],{"class":85},[63,102081,89],{"class":81},[63,102083,97],{"class":85},[63,102085,846],{"class":81},[63,102087,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102089,2918],{"class":69},[63,102091,74],{"class":73},[63,102093,811],{"class":81},[63,102095,1248],{"class":85},[63,102097,846],{"class":81},[63,102099,102100],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102101,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102103,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102105,2890],{"class":69},[63,102107,74],{"class":73},[63,102109,57168],{"class":69},[63,102111,259],{"class":81},[63,102113,3148],{"class":145},[63,102115,113],{"class":81},[63,102117,206],{"class":145},[63,102119,126],{"class":81},[63,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102123,140],{"class":139},[63,102125,113],{"class":81},[63,102127,196],{"class":145},[63,102129,126],{"class":81},[14,102131,163],{},[54,102133,102134],{"className":56,"code":100607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,102135,102136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102137,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102139,9588],{"class":81},[63,102141,86],{"class":85},[63,102143,89],{"class":81},[63,102145,92],{"class":85},[63,102147,846],{"class":81},[486,102149,102151],{"id":102150},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102153,102154,102157],{},[18,102155,102156],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[29,102159,102160,102165],{},[32,102161,102162,102163],{},"keep items from ",[18,102164,196],{},[32,102166,102167,102168],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,102169,206],{},[14,102171,41196,102172,102174,102175,102177],{},[1217,102173,4961],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,102176,206],{},"”.",[14,102179,2543],{},[54,102181,102183],{"className":56,"code":102182,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,102184,102185,102205,102225,102229,102247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102188,2890],{"class":69},[63,102190,74],{"class":73},[63,102192,811],{"class":81},[63,102194,86],{"class":85},[63,102196,89],{"class":81},[63,102198,92],{"class":85},[63,102200,89],{"class":81},[63,102202,97],{"class":85},[63,102204,846],{"class":81},[63,102206,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102208,2918],{"class":69},[63,102210,74],{"class":73},[63,102212,811],{"class":81},[63,102214,1248],{"class":85},[63,102216,89],{"class":81},[63,102218,705],{"class":85},[63,102220,89],{"class":81},[63,102222,4935],{"class":85},[63,102224,846],{"class":81},[63,102226,102227],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102228,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102232,140],{"class":139},[63,102234,113],{"class":81},[63,102236,196],{"class":145},[63,102238,259],{"class":81},[63,102240,3148],{"class":145},[63,102242,113],{"class":81},[63,102244,206],{"class":145},[63,102246,100],{"class":81},[63,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102250,140],{"class":139},[63,102252,113],{"class":81},[63,102254,206],{"class":145},[63,102256,259],{"class":81},[63,102258,3148],{"class":145},[63,102260,113],{"class":81},[63,102262,196],{"class":145},[63,102264,100],{"class":81},[14,102266,163],{},[54,102268,102270],{"className":56,"code":102269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,102271,102272,102284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102275,9588],{"class":81},[63,102277,86],{"class":85},[63,102279,89],{"class":81},[63,102281,92],{"class":85},[63,102283,846],{"class":81},[63,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102287,9588],{"class":81},[63,102289,2840],{"class":85},[63,102291,89],{"class":81},[63,102293,4935],{"class":85},[63,102295,846],{"class":81},[14,102297,102298],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[486,102300,102302],{"id":102301},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102304,102305,102307],{},[18,102306,100514],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102309,55604],{},[54,102311,102313],{"className":56,"code":102312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,102314,102315,102335,102351,102355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102316,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102318,2890],{"class":69},[63,102320,74],{"class":73},[63,102322,1091],{"class":81},[63,102324,86],{"class":85},[63,102326,89],{"class":81},[63,102328,92],{"class":85},[63,102330,89],{"class":81},[63,102332,97],{"class":85},[63,102334,186],{"class":81},[63,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102338,2918],{"class":69},[63,102340,74],{"class":73},[63,102342,1091],{"class":81},[63,102344,1248],{"class":85},[63,102346,89],{"class":81},[63,102348,705],{"class":85},[63,102350,186],{"class":81},[63,102352,102353],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102354,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102356,102357],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102358,102359],{"class":1910},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102361,102362],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[54,102364,102366],{"className":56,"code":102365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,102367,102368,102388,102404,102408,102434],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102369,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102371,2890],{"class":69},[63,102373,74],{"class":73},[63,102375,1091],{"class":81},[63,102377,86],{"class":85},[63,102379,89],{"class":81},[63,102381,92],{"class":85},[63,102383,89],{"class":81},[63,102385,97],{"class":85},[63,102387,186],{"class":81},[63,102389,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102391,2918],{"class":69},[63,102393,74],{"class":73},[63,102395,1091],{"class":81},[63,102397,1248],{"class":85},[63,102399,89],{"class":81},[63,102401,705],{"class":85},[63,102403,186],{"class":81},[63,102405,102406],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102407,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102409,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102411,851],{"class":69},[63,102413,74],{"class":73},[63,102415,15930],{"class":77},[63,102417,113],{"class":81},[63,102419,196],{"class":145},[63,102421,8948],{"class":81},[63,102423,3148],{"class":145},[63,102425,113],{"class":81},[63,102427,6607],{"class":77},[63,102429,113],{"class":81},[63,102431,206],{"class":145},[63,102433,100],{"class":81},[63,102435,102436,102438,102440,102442],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102437,140],{"class":139},[63,102439,113],{"class":81},[63,102441,875],{"class":145},[63,102443,126],{"class":81},[14,102445,163],{},[54,102447,102448],{"className":56,"code":100607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,102449,102450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102453,9588],{"class":81},[63,102455,86],{"class":85},[63,102457,89],{"class":81},[63,102459,92],{"class":85},[63,102461,846],{"class":81},[486,102463,102465],{"id":102464},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102467,102468],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[54,102470,102472],{"className":56,"code":102471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102473,102474,102506,102522,102526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102475,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102477,2890],{"class":69},[63,102479,74],{"class":73},[63,102481,811],{"class":81},[63,102483,117],{"class":116},[63,102485,580],{"class":120},[63,102487,117],{"class":116},[63,102489,89],{"class":81},[63,102491,824],{"class":116},[63,102493,58408],{"class":120},[63,102495,117],{"class":116},[63,102497,89],{"class":81},[63,102499,824],{"class":116},[63,102501,58425],{"class":120},[63,102503,117],{"class":116},[63,102505,846],{"class":81},[63,102507,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102509,2918],{"class":69},[63,102511,74],{"class":73},[63,102513,811],{"class":81},[63,102515,117],{"class":116},[63,102517,58408],{"class":120},[63,102519,117],{"class":116},[63,102521,846],{"class":81},[63,102523,102524],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102525,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102527,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102529,140],{"class":139},[63,102531,113],{"class":81},[63,102533,196],{"class":145},[63,102535,259],{"class":81},[63,102537,3148],{"class":145},[63,102539,113],{"class":81},[63,102541,206],{"class":145},[63,102543,100],{"class":81},[14,102545,102546],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[486,102548,102550],{"id":102549},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102552,102553],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[54,102555,102557],{"className":56,"code":102556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,102558,102559,102587,102599,102603,102613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102560,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102562,2890],{"class":69},[63,102564,74],{"class":73},[63,102566,811],{"class":81},[63,102568,86],{"class":85},[63,102570,89],{"class":81},[63,102572,692],{"class":85},[63,102574,89],{"class":81},[63,102576,92],{"class":85},[63,102578,89],{"class":81},[63,102580,92],{"class":85},[63,102582,89],{"class":81},[63,102584,97],{"class":85},[63,102586,846],{"class":81},[63,102588,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102590,2918],{"class":69},[63,102592,74],{"class":73},[63,102594,811],{"class":81},[63,102596,1248],{"class":85},[63,102598,846],{"class":81},[63,102600,102601],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102602,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102606,140],{"class":139},[63,102608,113],{"class":81},[63,102610,196],{"class":145},[63,102612,126],{"class":81},[63,102614,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102616,140],{"class":139},[63,102618,113],{"class":81},[63,102620,196],{"class":145},[63,102622,259],{"class":81},[63,102624,3148],{"class":145},[63,102626,113],{"class":81},[63,102628,206],{"class":145},[63,102630,100],{"class":81},[14,102632,163],{},[54,102634,102636],{"className":56,"code":102635,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102637,102638,102654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102639,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102641,9588],{"class":81},[63,102643,86],{"class":85},[63,102645,89],{"class":81},[63,102647,92],{"class":85},[63,102649,89],{"class":81},[63,102651,97],{"class":85},[63,102653,846],{"class":81},[63,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102657,9588],{"class":81},[63,102659,86],{"class":85},[63,102661,89],{"class":81},[63,102663,92],{"class":85},[63,102665,846],{"class":81},[14,102667,102668,102669,102671],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102670,100514],{}," runs.",[486,102673,102675],{"id":102674},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102677,102678],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[54,102680,102682],{"className":56,"code":102681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102683,102684,102708,102728,102732,102742,102752,102770,102792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102685,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102687,2890],{"class":69},[63,102689,74],{"class":73},[63,102691,811],{"class":81},[63,102693,86],{"class":85},[63,102695,89],{"class":81},[63,102697,92],{"class":85},[63,102699,89],{"class":81},[63,102701,97],{"class":85},[63,102703,89],{"class":81},[63,102705,705],{"class":85},[63,102707,846],{"class":81},[63,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,102711,2918],{"class":69},[63,102713,74],{"class":73},[63,102715,811],{"class":81},[63,102717,1248],{"class":85},[63,102719,89],{"class":81},[63,102721,705],{"class":85},[63,102723,89],{"class":81},[63,102725,4935],{"class":85},[63,102727,846],{"class":81},[63,102729,102730],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,102731,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,102735,140],{"class":139},[63,102737,113],{"class":81},[63,102739,196],{"class":145},[63,102741,126],{"class":81},[63,102743,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,102745,140],{"class":139},[63,102747,113],{"class":81},[63,102749,206],{"class":145},[63,102751,126],{"class":81},[63,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,102755,140],{"class":139},[63,102757,113],{"class":81},[63,102759,196],{"class":145},[63,102761,259],{"class":81},[63,102763,3148],{"class":145},[63,102765,113],{"class":81},[63,102767,206],{"class":145},[63,102769,100],{"class":81},[63,102771,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,102773,140],{"class":139},[63,102775,113],{"class":81},[63,102777,3557],{"class":77},[63,102779,113],{"class":81},[63,102781,196],{"class":145},[63,102783,259],{"class":81},[63,102785,3148],{"class":145},[63,102787,113],{"class":81},[63,102789,206],{"class":145},[63,102791,1965],{"class":81},[63,102793,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,102795,140],{"class":139},[63,102797,113],{"class":81},[63,102799,11468],{"class":139},[63,102801,113],{"class":81},[63,102803,196],{"class":145},[63,102805,259],{"class":81},[63,102807,3148],{"class":145},[63,102809,113],{"class":81},[63,102811,206],{"class":145},[63,102813,1965],{"class":81},[14,102815,11477],{},[29,102817,102818,102821,102824,102827],{},[32,102819,102820],{},"what is in each set",[32,102822,102823],{},"what result Python creates",[32,102825,102826],{},"that the result is a set",[32,102828,102829],{},"how many items remain",[45208,102831],{},[49,102833,2165],{"id":2164},[486,102835,13011,102837,102839],{"id":102836},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102838,100514],{}," change the original set?",[14,102841,102842],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[486,102844,2169,102846,4726,102848,2827],{"id":102845},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102847,100514],{},[18,102849,101425],{},[14,102851,102852,102854,102855,102857],{},[18,102853,100514],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102856,101425],{}," modifies the original set.",[486,102859,28619,102861,102863],{"id":102860},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102862,100514],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102865,102866],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[486,102868,102870],{"id":102869},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102872,102873],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45208,102875],{},[49,102877,2219],{"id":2218},[29,102879,102880,102884,102892],{},[32,102881,102882],{},[196,102883,96428],{"href":97599},[32,102885,102886],{},[196,102887,96914,102889,11046],{"href":102888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102890,102891],{},"intersection()",[32,102893,102894],{},[196,102895,96914,102897,11046],{"href":102896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102898,102899],{},"union()",[2259,102901,102902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":102904},[102905,102906,102908,102909,102910,102911,102913,102918,102920,102928,102937],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":100636,"depth":103,"text":102907},"What difference() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":101255,"depth":103,"text":102912},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101420,"depth":103,"text":102914,"children":102915},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102916,102917],{"id":3148,"depth":129,"text":100514},{"id":101573,"depth":129,"text":101425},{"id":101692,"depth":103,"text":102919},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":102921},[102922,102923,102924,102925,102926,102927],{"id":101962,"depth":129,"text":101963},{"id":102150,"depth":129,"text":102151},{"id":102301,"depth":129,"text":102302},{"id":102464,"depth":129,"text":102465},{"id":102549,"depth":129,"text":102550},{"id":102674,"depth":129,"text":102675},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":102929},[102930,102932,102934,102936],{"id":102836,"depth":129,"text":102931},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102845,"depth":129,"text":102933},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102860,"depth":129,"text":102935},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102869,"depth":129,"text":102870},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100506,"description":102938},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102945,"title":102946,"body":102947,"description":104642,"extension":2300,"meta":104643,"navigation":132,"path":104644,"seo":104645,"stem":104646,"__hash__":104647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102948,"toc":104604},[102949,102955,102961,102974,102976,103077,103079,103124,103129,103134,103138,103152,103155,103163,103165,103184,103202,103206,103259,103261,103282,103289,103294,103321,103328,103427,103429,103466,103474,103478,103484,103487,103560,103562,103570,103575,103644,103646,103671,103673,103676,103779,103781,103842,103845,103849,103855,103928,103930,103963,103966,103969,104009,104015,104038,104043,104047,104058,104061,104063,104067,104073,104075,104132,104142,104144,104197,104204,104209,104277,104285,104291,104295,104297,104336,104341,104390,104394,104397,104399,104438,104441,104443,104448,104505,104507,104521,104523,104527,104533,104538,104543,104550,104561,104567,104572,104574,104601],[10,102950,96300,102952,11629],{"id":102951},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102953,102954],{},"discard()",[14,102956,102957,102960],{},[18,102958,102959],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102962,102963,102964,2524,102969,14352,102971,102973],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[196,102965,102966],{"href":98309},[18,102967,102968],{},"set.remove()",[18,102970,102954],{},[1217,102972,4961],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[49,102975,52],{"id":51},[54,102977,102979],{"className":56,"code":102978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102980,102981,103013,103032,103042,103046,103067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,102982,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,102984,13381],{"class":69},[63,102986,74],{"class":73},[63,102988,811],{"class":81},[63,102990,117],{"class":116},[63,102992,13398],{"class":120},[63,102994,117],{"class":116},[63,102996,89],{"class":81},[63,102998,824],{"class":116},[63,103000,13415],{"class":120},[63,103002,117],{"class":116},[63,103004,89],{"class":81},[63,103006,824],{"class":116},[63,103008,17752],{"class":120},[63,103010,117],{"class":116},[63,103012,846],{"class":81},[63,103014,103015,103017,103019,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103016,17799],{"class":69},[63,103018,259],{"class":81},[63,103020,103021],{"class":145},"discard",[63,103023,113],{"class":81},[63,103025,117],{"class":116},[63,103027,13415],{"class":120},[63,103029,117],{"class":116},[63,103031,126],{"class":81},[63,103033,103034,103036,103038,103040],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103035,140],{"class":139},[63,103037,113],{"class":81},[63,103039,17799],{"class":145},[63,103041,126],{"class":81},[63,103043,103044],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103045,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,103049,17799],{"class":69},[63,103051,259],{"class":81},[63,103053,103021],{"class":145},[63,103055,113],{"class":81},[63,103057,117],{"class":116},[63,103059,22817],{"class":120},[63,103061,117],{"class":116},[63,103063,3997],{"class":81},[63,103065,103066],{"class":1910},"  # no error if missing\n",[63,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,103070,140],{"class":139},[63,103072,113],{"class":81},[63,103074,17799],{"class":145},[63,103076,126],{"class":81},[14,103078,30321],{},[54,103080,103082],{"className":56,"code":103081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103083,103084,103104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103087,9588],{"class":81},[63,103089,193],{"class":116},[63,103091,13398],{"class":120},[63,103093,193],{"class":116},[63,103095,89],{"class":81},[63,103097,203],{"class":116},[63,103099,17752],{"class":120},[63,103101,193],{"class":116},[63,103103,846],{"class":81},[63,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103107,9588],{"class":81},[63,103109,193],{"class":116},[63,103111,13398],{"class":120},[63,103113,193],{"class":116},[63,103115,89],{"class":81},[63,103117,203],{"class":116},[63,103119,17752],{"class":120},[63,103121,193],{"class":116},[63,103123,846],{"class":81},[14,103125,222,103126,103128],{},[18,103127,102954],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[49,103130,4014,103132,4017],{"id":103131},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,103133,102959],{},[14,103135,103136,821],{},[18,103137,102954],{},[29,103139,103140,103143,103146,103148],{},[32,103141,103142],{},"Removes one item from a set",[32,103144,103145],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[32,103147,96415],{},[32,103149,11731,103150],{},[18,103151,4115],{},[14,103153,103154],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103156,96424,103157,1725,103160,259],{},[196,103158,103159],{"href":98891},"what a set is in Python",[196,103161,103162],{"href":97983},"how to create a set",[49,103164,263],{"id":262},[54,103166,103168],{"className":56,"code":103167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,103169,103170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103171,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103173,15963],{"class":69},[63,103175,259],{"class":81},[63,103177,103021],{"class":145},[63,103179,113],{"class":81},[63,103181,2807],{"class":145},[63,103183,126],{"class":81},[29,103185,103186,103191,103196,103199],{},[32,103187,103188,103190],{},[18,103189,15963],{}," is the set you want to change",[32,103192,103193,103195],{},[18,103194,2807],{}," is the item you want to remove",[32,103197,103198],{},"The set must already exist",[32,103200,103201],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[486,103203,103205],{"id":103204},"example","Example",[54,103207,103209],{"className":56,"code":103208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103210,103211,103235,103249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103214,70],{"class":69},[63,103216,74],{"class":73},[63,103218,811],{"class":81},[63,103220,86],{"class":85},[63,103222,89],{"class":81},[63,103224,92],{"class":85},[63,103226,89],{"class":81},[63,103228,97],{"class":85},[63,103230,89],{"class":81},[63,103232,705],{"class":85},[63,103234,846],{"class":81},[63,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103238,146],{"class":69},[63,103240,259],{"class":81},[63,103242,103021],{"class":145},[63,103244,113],{"class":81},[63,103246,1248],{"class":85},[63,103248,126],{"class":81},[63,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103252,140],{"class":139},[63,103254,113],{"class":81},[63,103256,146],{"class":145},[63,103258,126],{"class":81},[14,103260,163],{},[54,103262,103264],{"className":56,"code":103263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,103265,103266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103267,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103269,9588],{"class":81},[63,103271,86],{"class":85},[63,103273,89],{"class":81},[63,103275,92],{"class":85},[63,103277,89],{"class":81},[63,103279,705],{"class":85},[63,103281,846],{"class":81},[49,103283,103285,103286,103288],{"id":103284},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,103287,102954],{}," different",[14,103290,103291,103293],{},[18,103292,102954],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[29,103295,103296,103309,103318],{},[32,103297,103298,103299,2524,103303,103305,103306,103308],{},"Unlike ",[196,103300,103301],{"href":98309},[18,103302,55814],{},[18,103304,102954],{}," does not raise ",[18,103307,19983],{}," when the item is missing",[32,103310,103298,103311,2524,103315,103317],{},[196,103312,103313],{"href":98314},[18,103314,13070],{},[18,103316,102954],{}," removes a specific item",[32,103319,103320],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[486,103322,103324,10891,103326],{"id":103323},"discard-vs-remove",[18,103325,102954],{},[18,103327,55814],{},[54,103329,103331],{"className":56,"code":103330,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,103332,103333,103357,103361,103382,103392,103396,103417],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103334,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103336,342],{"class":69},[63,103338,74],{"class":73},[63,103340,811],{"class":81},[63,103342,117],{"class":116},[63,103344,408],{"class":120},[63,103346,117],{"class":116},[63,103348,89],{"class":81},[63,103350,824],{"class":116},[63,103352,427],{"class":120},[63,103354,117],{"class":116},[63,103356,846],{"class":81},[63,103358,103359],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103360,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103362,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103364,357],{"class":69},[63,103366,259],{"class":81},[63,103368,103021],{"class":145},[63,103370,113],{"class":81},[63,103372,117],{"class":116},[63,103374,33513],{"class":120},[63,103376,117],{"class":116},[63,103378,3997],{"class":81},[63,103380,103381],{"class":1910},"   # no error\n",[63,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103385,140],{"class":139},[63,103387,113],{"class":81},[63,103389,357],{"class":145},[63,103391,126],{"class":81},[63,103393,103394],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,103395,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103397,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,103399,357],{"class":69},[63,103401,259],{"class":81},[63,103403,35088],{"class":145},[63,103405,113],{"class":81},[63,103407,117],{"class":116},[63,103409,427],{"class":120},[63,103411,117],{"class":116},[63,103413,3997],{"class":81},[63,103415,103416],{"class":1910},"    # removes existing item\n",[63,103418,103419,103421,103423,103425],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,103420,140],{"class":139},[63,103422,113],{"class":81},[63,103424,357],{"class":145},[63,103426,126],{"class":81},[14,103428,163],{},[54,103430,103432],{"className":56,"code":103431,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,103433,103434,103454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103437,9588],{"class":81},[63,103439,193],{"class":116},[63,103441,408],{"class":120},[63,103443,193],{"class":116},[63,103445,89],{"class":81},[63,103447,203],{"class":116},[63,103449,427],{"class":120},[63,103451,193],{"class":116},[63,103453,846],{"class":81},[63,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103457,9588],{"class":81},[63,103459,193],{"class":116},[63,103461,408],{"class":120},[63,103463,193],{"class":116},[63,103465,846],{"class":81},[14,103467,40633,103468,103470,103471,103473],{},[18,103469,55814],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[196,103472,11381],{"href":11380}," for more help with that case.",[49,103475,103477],{"id":103476},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103479,103480,2732,103482,259],{},[18,103481,102954],{},[18,103483,4115],{},[14,103485,103486],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[54,103488,103490],{"className":56,"code":103489,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,103491,103492,103524,103546,103550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103493,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103495,13381],{"class":69},[63,103497,74],{"class":73},[63,103499,811],{"class":81},[63,103501,117],{"class":116},[63,103503,13398],{"class":120},[63,103505,117],{"class":116},[63,103507,89],{"class":81},[63,103509,824],{"class":116},[63,103511,13415],{"class":120},[63,103513,117],{"class":116},[63,103515,89],{"class":81},[63,103517,824],{"class":116},[63,103519,17752],{"class":120},[63,103521,117],{"class":116},[63,103523,846],{"class":81},[63,103525,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103527,851],{"class":69},[63,103529,74],{"class":73},[63,103531,13429],{"class":69},[63,103533,259],{"class":81},[63,103535,103021],{"class":145},[63,103537,113],{"class":81},[63,103539,117],{"class":116},[63,103541,13415],{"class":120},[63,103543,117],{"class":116},[63,103545,126],{"class":81},[63,103547,103548],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103549,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103551,103552,103554,103556,103558],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103553,140],{"class":139},[63,103555,113],{"class":81},[63,103557,875],{"class":145},[63,103559,126],{"class":81},[14,103561,163],{},[54,103563,103564],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,103565,103566],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103567,103568],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103569,12117],{"class":1205},[14,103571,103572,103573,821],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103574,17799],{},[54,103576,103578],{"className":56,"code":103577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103579,103580,103612,103630,103634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103581,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103583,13381],{"class":69},[63,103585,74],{"class":73},[63,103587,811],{"class":81},[63,103589,117],{"class":116},[63,103591,13398],{"class":120},[63,103593,117],{"class":116},[63,103595,89],{"class":81},[63,103597,824],{"class":116},[63,103599,13415],{"class":120},[63,103601,117],{"class":116},[63,103603,89],{"class":81},[63,103605,824],{"class":116},[63,103607,17752],{"class":120},[63,103609,117],{"class":116},[63,103611,846],{"class":81},[63,103613,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103615,17799],{"class":69},[63,103617,259],{"class":81},[63,103619,103021],{"class":145},[63,103621,113],{"class":81},[63,103623,117],{"class":116},[63,103625,13415],{"class":120},[63,103627,117],{"class":116},[63,103629,126],{"class":81},[63,103631,103632],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103633,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103635,103636,103638,103640,103642],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103637,140],{"class":139},[63,103639,113],{"class":81},[63,103641,17799],{"class":145},[63,103643,126],{"class":81},[14,103645,163],{},[54,103647,103649],{"className":56,"code":103648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103650,103651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103654,9588],{"class":81},[63,103656,193],{"class":116},[63,103658,13398],{"class":120},[63,103660,193],{"class":116},[63,103662,89],{"class":81},[63,103664,203],{"class":116},[63,103666,17752],{"class":120},[63,103668,193],{"class":116},[63,103670,846],{"class":81},[49,103672,11783],{"id":11782},[14,103674,103675],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[54,103677,103679],{"className":56,"code":103678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103680,103681,103713,103717,103735,103739,103757,103761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103682,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103684,36529],{"class":69},[63,103686,74],{"class":73},[63,103688,811],{"class":81},[63,103690,117],{"class":116},[63,103692,408],{"class":120},[63,103694,117],{"class":116},[63,103696,89],{"class":81},[63,103698,824],{"class":116},[63,103700,427],{"class":120},[63,103702,117],{"class":116},[63,103704,89],{"class":81},[63,103706,824],{"class":116},[63,103708,33513],{"class":120},[63,103710,117],{"class":116},[63,103712,846],{"class":81},[63,103714,103715],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103716,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103718,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103720,140],{"class":139},[63,103722,113],{"class":81},[63,103724,117],{"class":116},[63,103726,11872],{"class":120},[63,103728,117],{"class":116},[63,103730,89],{"class":81},[63,103732,53141],{"class":145},[63,103734,126],{"class":81},[63,103736,103737],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103738,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103740,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,103742,36581],{"class":69},[63,103744,259],{"class":81},[63,103746,103021],{"class":145},[63,103748,113],{"class":81},[63,103750,117],{"class":116},[63,103752,427],{"class":120},[63,103754,117],{"class":116},[63,103756,126],{"class":81},[63,103758,103759],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,103760,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,103764,140],{"class":139},[63,103766,113],{"class":81},[63,103768,117],{"class":116},[63,103770,11912],{"class":120},[63,103772,117],{"class":116},[63,103774,89],{"class":81},[63,103776,53141],{"class":145},[63,103778,126],{"class":81},[14,103780,163],{},[54,103782,103784],{"className":56,"code":103783,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103785,103786,103818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103787,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103789,11932],{"class":69},[63,103791,821],{"class":81},[63,103793,811],{"class":81},[63,103795,193],{"class":116},[63,103797,427],{"class":120},[63,103799,193],{"class":116},[63,103801,89],{"class":81},[63,103803,203],{"class":116},[63,103805,408],{"class":120},[63,103807,193],{"class":116},[63,103809,89],{"class":81},[63,103811,203],{"class":116},[63,103813,33513],{"class":120},[63,103815,193],{"class":116},[63,103817,846],{"class":81},[63,103819,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103821,11985],{"class":69},[63,103823,821],{"class":81},[63,103825,811],{"class":81},[63,103827,193],{"class":116},[63,103829,408],{"class":120},[63,103831,193],{"class":116},[63,103833,89],{"class":81},[63,103835,203],{"class":116},[63,103837,33513],{"class":120},[63,103839,193],{"class":116},[63,103841,846],{"class":81},[14,103843,103844],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[49,103846,103848],{"id":103847},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103850,103851,103852,103854],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103853,102954],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[54,103856,103858],{"className":56,"code":103857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103859,103860,103892,103896,103914,103918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103861,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103863,36529],{"class":69},[63,103865,74],{"class":73},[63,103867,811],{"class":81},[63,103869,117],{"class":116},[63,103871,408],{"class":120},[63,103873,117],{"class":116},[63,103875,89],{"class":81},[63,103877,824],{"class":116},[63,103879,427],{"class":120},[63,103881,117],{"class":116},[63,103883,89],{"class":81},[63,103885,824],{"class":116},[63,103887,33513],{"class":120},[63,103889,117],{"class":116},[63,103891,846],{"class":81},[63,103893,103894],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103895,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103897,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,103899,36581],{"class":69},[63,103901,259],{"class":81},[63,103903,103021],{"class":145},[63,103905,113],{"class":81},[63,103907,117],{"class":116},[63,103909,22826],{"class":120},[63,103911,117],{"class":116},[63,103913,126],{"class":81},[63,103915,103916],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,103917,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,103921,140],{"class":139},[63,103923,113],{"class":81},[63,103925,36581],{"class":145},[63,103927,126],{"class":81},[14,103929,163],{},[54,103931,103933],{"className":56,"code":103932,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103934,103935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103936,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103938,9588],{"class":81},[63,103940,193],{"class":116},[63,103942,427],{"class":120},[63,103944,193],{"class":116},[63,103946,89],{"class":81},[63,103948,203],{"class":116},[63,103950,408],{"class":120},[63,103952,193],{"class":116},[63,103954,89],{"class":81},[63,103956,203],{"class":116},[63,103958,33513],{"class":120},[63,103960,193],{"class":116},[63,103962,846],{"class":81},[14,103964,103965],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103967,103968],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[54,103970,103972],{"className":56,"code":103971,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103973,103974,103990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,103975,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,103977,7318],{"class":1155},[63,103979,824],{"class":116},[63,103981,22826],{"class":120},[63,103983,117],{"class":116},[63,103985,21468],{"class":73},[63,103987,53141],{"class":69},[63,103989,6713],{"class":81},[63,103991,103992,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,103993,103994],{"class":69},"    fruits",[63,103996,259],{"class":81},[63,103998,35088],{"class":145},[63,104000,113],{"class":81},[63,104002,117],{"class":116},[63,104004,22826],{"class":120},[63,104006,117],{"class":116},[63,104008,126],{"class":81},[14,104010,104011,104012,104014],{},"With ",[18,104013,102954],{},", you can simply write:",[54,104016,104018],{"className":56,"code":104017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,104019,104020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104021,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104023,36581],{"class":69},[63,104025,259],{"class":81},[63,104027,103021],{"class":145},[63,104029,113],{"class":81},[63,104031,117],{"class":116},[63,104033,22826],{"class":120},[63,104035,117],{"class":116},[63,104037,126],{"class":81},[49,104039,5292,104041],{"id":104040},"when-to-use-discard",[18,104042,102954],{},[14,104044,222,104045,1716],{},[18,104046,102954],{},[29,104048,104049,104052,104055],{},[32,104050,104051],{},"Missing values are normal",[32,104053,104054],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[32,104056,104057],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104059,104060],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[49,104062,3167],{"id":3166},[14,104064,8763,104065,259],{},[18,104066,102954],{},[486,104068,8769,104070,104072],{"id":104069},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,104071,102954],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104074,1900],{},[54,104076,104078],{"className":56,"code":104077,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104079,104080,104100,104118,104122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104081,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104083,70],{"class":69},[63,104085,74],{"class":73},[63,104087,811],{"class":81},[63,104089,86],{"class":85},[63,104091,89],{"class":81},[63,104093,92],{"class":85},[63,104095,89],{"class":81},[63,104097,97],{"class":85},[63,104099,846],{"class":81},[63,104101,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104103,70],{"class":69},[63,104105,74],{"class":73},[63,104107,4595],{"class":69},[63,104109,259],{"class":81},[63,104111,103021],{"class":145},[63,104113,113],{"class":81},[63,104115,2394],{"class":85},[63,104117,126],{"class":81},[63,104119,104120],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104121,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,104123,104124,104126,104128,104130],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,104125,140],{"class":139},[63,104127,113],{"class":81},[63,104129,146],{"class":145},[63,104131,126],{"class":81},[14,104133,104134,42445,104136,8918,104138,2732,104140,259],{},[18,104135,146],{},[18,104137,4115],{},[18,104139,102954],{},[18,104141,4115],{},[14,104143,19136],{},[54,104145,104147],{"className":56,"code":104146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,104148,104149,104169,104183,104187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104150,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104152,70],{"class":69},[63,104154,74],{"class":73},[63,104156,811],{"class":81},[63,104158,86],{"class":85},[63,104160,89],{"class":81},[63,104162,92],{"class":85},[63,104164,89],{"class":81},[63,104166,97],{"class":85},[63,104168,846],{"class":81},[63,104170,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104172,146],{"class":69},[63,104174,259],{"class":81},[63,104176,103021],{"class":145},[63,104178,113],{"class":81},[63,104180,2394],{"class":85},[63,104182,126],{"class":81},[63,104184,104185],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104186,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,104188,104189,104191,104193,104195],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,104190,140],{"class":139},[63,104192,113],{"class":81},[63,104194,146],{"class":145},[63,104196,126],{"class":81},[486,104198,37494,104200,9021,104202],{"id":104199},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,104201,102954],{},[18,104203,55814],{},[14,104205,104206,104207,259],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,104208,102954],{},[54,104210,104212],{"className":56,"code":104211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,104213,104214,104246,104267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104215,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104217,106],{"class":69},[63,104219,74],{"class":73},[63,104221,811],{"class":81},[63,104223,117],{"class":116},[63,104225,196],{"class":120},[63,104227,117],{"class":116},[63,104229,89],{"class":81},[63,104231,824],{"class":116},[63,104233,206],{"class":120},[63,104235,117],{"class":116},[63,104237,89],{"class":81},[63,104239,824],{"class":116},[63,104241,215],{"class":120},[63,104243,117],{"class":116},[63,104245,846],{"class":81},[63,104247,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104249,158],{"class":69},[63,104251,259],{"class":81},[63,104253,103021],{"class":145},[63,104255,113],{"class":81},[63,104257,117],{"class":116},[63,104259,22371],{"class":120},[63,104261,117],{"class":116},[63,104263,3997],{"class":81},[63,104265,104266],{"class":1910},"   # safe\n",[63,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104270,140],{"class":139},[63,104272,113],{"class":81},[63,104274,158],{"class":145},[63,104276,126],{"class":81},[14,104278,104279,104280,46200,104283,259],{},"If you use ",[18,104281,104282],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,104284,19983],{},[486,104286,25907,104288,104290],{"id":104287},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,104289,102954],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104292,104293,102307],{},[18,104294,102954],{},[14,104296,16941],{},[54,104298,104300],{"className":56,"code":104299,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,104301,104302,104322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104303,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104305,342],{"class":69},[63,104307,74],{"class":73},[63,104309,1091],{"class":81},[63,104311,86],{"class":85},[63,104313,89],{"class":81},[63,104315,92],{"class":85},[63,104317,89],{"class":81},[63,104319,97],{"class":85},[63,104321,186],{"class":81},[63,104323,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104325,357],{"class":69},[63,104327,259],{"class":81},[63,104329,103021],{"class":145},[63,104331,113],{"class":81},[63,104333,2394],{"class":85},[63,104335,126],{"class":81},[14,104337,104338,104339,821],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,104340,102954],{},[54,104342,104344],{"className":56,"code":104343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,104345,104346,104366,104380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104349,342],{"class":69},[63,104351,74],{"class":73},[63,104353,811],{"class":81},[63,104355,86],{"class":85},[63,104357,89],{"class":81},[63,104359,92],{"class":85},[63,104361,89],{"class":81},[63,104363,97],{"class":85},[63,104365,846],{"class":81},[63,104367,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104369,357],{"class":69},[63,104371,259],{"class":81},[63,104373,103021],{"class":145},[63,104375,113],{"class":81},[63,104377,2394],{"class":85},[63,104379,126],{"class":81},[63,104381,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104383,140],{"class":139},[63,104385,113],{"class":81},[63,104387,357],{"class":145},[63,104389,126],{"class":81},[486,104391,104393],{"id":104392},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104395,104396],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104398,3174],{},[54,104400,104402],{"className":56,"code":104401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,104403,104404,104424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104407,2097],{"class":69},[63,104409,74],{"class":73},[63,104411,811],{"class":81},[63,104413,86],{"class":85},[63,104415,89],{"class":81},[63,104417,92],{"class":85},[63,104419,89],{"class":81},[63,104421,97],{"class":85},[63,104423,846],{"class":81},[63,104425,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104427,2138],{"class":69},[63,104429,259],{"class":81},[63,104431,103021],{"class":145},[63,104433,2071],{"class":81},[63,104435,2394],{"class":85},[63,104437,2080],{"class":81},[14,104439,104440],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[49,104442,9189],{"id":9188},[14,104444,9192,104445,104447],{},[18,104446,102954],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,104449,104451],{"className":56,"code":104450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,104452,104453,104463,104477,104491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104454,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104456,140],{"class":139},[63,104458,113],{"class":81},[63,104460,15963],{"class":145},[63,104462,126],{"class":81},[63,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104466,140],{"class":139},[63,104468,113],{"class":81},[63,104470,3557],{"class":77},[63,104472,113],{"class":81},[63,104474,15963],{"class":145},[63,104476,100],{"class":81},[63,104478,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104480,140],{"class":139},[63,104482,113],{"class":81},[63,104484,2782],{"class":145},[63,104486,4217],{"class":1155},[63,104488,97024],{"class":145},[63,104490,126],{"class":81},[63,104492,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,104494,32444],{"class":139},[63,104496,113],{"class":81},[63,104498,6607],{"class":77},[63,104500,259],{"class":81},[63,104502,103021],{"class":25042},[63,104504,126],{"class":81},[14,104506,11477],{},[29,104508,104509,104512,104515,104518],{},[32,104510,104511],{},"What is currently in the set",[32,104513,104514],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[32,104516,104517],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[32,104519,104520],{},"How Python documents the method",[49,104522,2165],{"id":2164},[486,104524,104526],{"id":104525},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104528,104529,104530,104532],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,104531,102954],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[486,104534,5469,104536,13023],{"id":104535},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,104537,102959],{},[14,104539,5475,104540,104542],{},[18,104541,4115],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[486,104544,2169,104546,4726,104548,2827],{"id":104545},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,104547,102954],{},[18,104549,55814],{},[14,104551,104552,104553,26828,104555,104557,104558,104560],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,104554,55814],{},[18,104556,19983],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,104559,102954],{}," does not.",[486,104562,28619,104564,104566],{"id":104563},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,104565,102954],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104568,46656,104569,104571],{},[18,104570,102954],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[49,104573,2219],{"id":2218},[29,104575,104576,104582,104588,104593,104597],{},[32,104577,104578],{},[196,104579,96914,104580,11046],{"href":98309},[18,104581,55814],{},[32,104583,104584],{},[196,104585,96914,104586,11046],{"href":98314},[18,104587,13070],{},[32,104589,104590],{},[196,104591,104592],{"href":97983},"Python set: creating a set",[32,104594,104595],{},[196,104596,100449],{"href":98891},[32,104598,104599],{},[196,104600,11569],{"href":11380},[2259,104602,104603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":104605},[104606,104607,104609,104612,104617,104618,104619,104620,104622,104631,104632,104641],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":103131,"depth":103,"text":104608},"What set.discard() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":104610},[104611],{"id":103204,"depth":129,"text":103205},{"id":103284,"depth":103,"text":104613,"children":104614},"What makes discard() different",[104615],{"id":103323,"depth":129,"text":104616},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103476,"depth":103,"text":103477},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":103847,"depth":103,"text":103848},{"id":104040,"depth":103,"text":104621},"When to use discard()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":104623},[104624,104626,104628,104630],{"id":104069,"depth":129,"text":104625},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104199,"depth":129,"text":104627},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104287,"depth":129,"text":104629},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104392,"depth":129,"text":104393},{"id":9188,"depth":103,"text":9189},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":104633},[104634,104635,104637,104639],{"id":104525,"depth":129,"text":104526},{"id":104535,"depth":129,"text":104636},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104545,"depth":129,"text":104638},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104563,"depth":129,"text":104640},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102946,"description":104642},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104649,"title":104650,"body":104651,"description":106657,"extension":2300,"meta":106658,"navigation":132,"path":106659,"seo":106660,"stem":106661,"__hash__":106662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104652,"toc":106615},[104653,104656,104664,104669,104680,104682,104737,104741,104761,104766,104770,104775,104777,104791,104793,104868,104870,104903,104908,104913,104915,104917,104932,104935,104943,104948,104963,104965,105054,105056,105145,105151,105155,105157,105195,105197,105221,105224,105239,105241,105296,105298,105331,105333,105338,105342,105346,105351,105416,105418,105438,105444,105448,105505,105507,105528,105532,105537,105582,105584,105617,105620,105624,105657,105659,105688,105692,105696,105699,105701,105720,105722,105768,105773,105787,105789,105820,105825,105828,105872,105874,105902,105906,105910,105926,105929,105994,105996,106008,106011,106015,106018,106023,106051,106053,106071,106077,106116,106118,106136,106142,106171,106173,106191,106194,106211,106213,106218,106222,106225,106251,106258,106263,106278,106287,106291,106294,106325,106331,106334,106343,106346,106348,106350,106408,106411,106436,106438,106442,106445,106449,106457,106461,106464,106468,106471,106473,106496,106498,106539,106546,106554,106557,106588,106590,106612],[10,104654,104650],{"id":104655},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104657,16,104658,104660,104661,259],{},[18,104659,4133],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1217,104662,104663],{},"unique values only",[14,104665,35700,104666,104668],{},[18,104667,4133],{}," to:",[29,104670,104671,104674,104677],{},[32,104672,104673],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[32,104675,104676],{},"check whether a value exists",[32,104678,104679],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[49,104681,52],{"id":51},[54,104683,104685],{"className":56,"code":104684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104686,104687,104711,104726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104690,70],{"class":69},[63,104692,74],{"class":73},[63,104694,1091],{"class":81},[63,104696,86],{"class":85},[63,104698,89],{"class":81},[63,104700,92],{"class":85},[63,104702,89],{"class":81},[63,104704,92],{"class":85},[63,104706,89],{"class":81},[63,104708,97],{"class":85},[63,104710,186],{"class":81},[63,104712,104713,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104714,104715],{"class":69},"unique_numbers ",[63,104717,74],{"class":73},[63,104719,15930],{"class":77},[63,104721,113],{"class":81},[63,104723,146],{"class":145},[63,104725,126],{"class":81},[63,104727,104728,104730,104732,104735],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104729,140],{"class":139},[63,104731,113],{"class":81},[63,104733,104734],{"class":145},"unique_numbers",[63,104736,126],{"class":81},[14,104738,104739],{},[1217,104740,163],{},[54,104742,104743],{"className":56,"code":96707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,104744,104745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104748,9588],{"class":81},[63,104750,86],{"class":85},[63,104752,89],{"class":81},[63,104754,92],{"class":85},[63,104756,89],{"class":81},[63,104758,97],{"class":85},[63,104760,846],{"class":81},[14,104762,222,104763,104765],{},[18,104764,4133],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[49,104767,104769],{"id":104768},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104771,104772,104774],{},[18,104773,4133],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104776,30831],{},[29,104778,104779,104782,104785,104788],{},[32,104780,104781],{},"A set stores unique items only",[32,104783,104784],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[32,104786,104787],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[32,104789,104790],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104792,2543],{},[54,104794,104796],{"className":56,"code":104795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104797,104798,104838,104853,104857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104801,13381],{"class":69},[63,104803,74],{"class":73},[63,104805,1091],{"class":81},[63,104807,117],{"class":116},[63,104809,13398],{"class":120},[63,104811,117],{"class":116},[63,104813,89],{"class":81},[63,104815,824],{"class":116},[63,104817,13415],{"class":120},[63,104819,117],{"class":116},[63,104821,89],{"class":81},[63,104823,824],{"class":116},[63,104825,13398],{"class":120},[63,104827,117],{"class":116},[63,104829,89],{"class":81},[63,104831,824],{"class":116},[63,104833,17752],{"class":120},[63,104835,117],{"class":116},[63,104837,186],{"class":81},[63,104839,104840,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104841,104842],{"class":69},"unique_colors ",[63,104844,74],{"class":73},[63,104846,15930],{"class":77},[63,104848,113],{"class":81},[63,104850,17799],{"class":145},[63,104852,126],{"class":81},[63,104854,104855],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,104856,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,104858,104859,104861,104863,104866],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,104860,140],{"class":139},[63,104862,113],{"class":81},[63,104864,104865],{"class":145},"unique_colors",[63,104867,126],{"class":81},[14,104869,30321],{},[54,104871,104873],{"className":56,"code":104872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104874,104875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104878,9588],{"class":81},[63,104880,193],{"class":116},[63,104882,13415],{"class":120},[63,104884,193],{"class":116},[63,104886,89],{"class":81},[63,104888,203],{"class":116},[63,104890,17752],{"class":120},[63,104892,193],{"class":116},[63,104894,89],{"class":81},[63,104896,203],{"class":116},[63,104898,13398],{"class":120},[63,104900,193],{"class":116},[63,104902,846],{"class":81},[14,104904,2621,104905,104907],{},[18,104906,65489],{}," appears only once.",[14,104909,104910,104911,259],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[196,104912,96428],{"href":96427},[49,104914,263],{"id":262},[14,104916,2495],{},[54,104918,104920],{"className":56,"code":104919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104921,104922],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104925,6607],{"class":77},[63,104927,113],{"class":81},[63,104929,288],{"class":145},[63,104931,126],{"class":81},[14,104933,104934],{},"The argument is optional.",[29,104936,104937,104940],{},[32,104938,104939],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[32,104941,104942],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104944,104945,104946,821],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104947,4133],{},[29,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104960],{},[32,104951,276],{},[32,104953,49245],{},[32,104955,61446],{},[32,104957,104958],{},[18,104959,716],{},[32,104961,104962],{},"another set",[14,104964,2462],{},[54,104966,104968],{"className":56,"code":104967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104969,104970,104996,105018,105036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,104971,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,104973,140],{"class":139},[63,104975,113],{"class":81},[63,104977,6607],{"class":77},[63,104979,2071],{"class":81},[63,104981,86],{"class":85},[63,104983,89],{"class":81},[63,104985,92],{"class":85},[63,104987,89],{"class":81},[63,104989,92],{"class":85},[63,104991,89],{"class":81},[63,104993,97],{"class":85},[63,104995,3334],{"class":81},[63,104997,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,104999,140],{"class":139},[63,105001,113],{"class":81},[63,105003,6607],{"class":77},[63,105005,82],{"class":81},[63,105007,741],{"class":85},[63,105009,89],{"class":81},[63,105011,746],{"class":85},[63,105013,89],{"class":81},[63,105015,6324],{"class":85},[63,105017,1965],{"class":81},[63,105019,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105021,140],{"class":139},[63,105023,113],{"class":81},[63,105025,6607],{"class":77},[63,105027,113],{"class":81},[63,105029,117],{"class":116},[63,105031,1995],{"class":120},[63,105033,117],{"class":116},[63,105035,100],{"class":81},[63,105037,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105039,140],{"class":139},[63,105041,113],{"class":81},[63,105043,6607],{"class":77},[63,105045,113],{"class":81},[63,105047,40],{"class":139},[63,105049,113],{"class":81},[63,105051,2840],{"class":85},[63,105053,1965],{"class":81},[14,105055,30321],{},[54,105057,105059],{"className":56,"code":105058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,105060,105061,105077,105089,105125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105062,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105064,9588],{"class":81},[63,105066,86],{"class":85},[63,105068,89],{"class":81},[63,105070,92],{"class":85},[63,105072,89],{"class":81},[63,105074,97],{"class":85},[63,105076,846],{"class":81},[63,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105080,9588],{"class":81},[63,105082,741],{"class":85},[63,105084,89],{"class":81},[63,105086,746],{"class":85},[63,105088,846],{"class":81},[63,105090,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105092,9588],{"class":81},[63,105094,193],{"class":116},[63,105096,985],{"class":120},[63,105098,193],{"class":116},[63,105100,89],{"class":81},[63,105102,203],{"class":116},[63,105104,2023],{"class":120},[63,105106,193],{"class":116},[63,105108,89],{"class":81},[63,105110,203],{"class":116},[63,105112,2032],{"class":120},[63,105114,193],{"class":116},[63,105116,89],{"class":81},[63,105118,203],{"class":116},[63,105120,2049],{"class":120},[63,105122,193],{"class":116},[63,105124,846],{"class":81},[63,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105128,9588],{"class":81},[63,105130,687],{"class":85},[63,105132,89],{"class":81},[63,105134,692],{"class":85},[63,105136,89],{"class":81},[63,105138,92],{"class":85},[63,105140,89],{"class":81},[63,105142,97],{"class":85},[63,105144,846],{"class":81},[14,105146,105147,105148,259],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[196,105149,105150],{"href":2302},"Python list() function explained",[49,105152,105154],{"id":105153},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105156,98380],{},[54,105158,105159],{"className":56,"code":99345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,105160,105161,105171,105181],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105164,98390],{"class":69},[63,105166,74],{"class":73},[63,105168,15930],{"class":77},[63,105170,279],{"class":81},[63,105172,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105174,140],{"class":139},[63,105176,113],{"class":81},[63,105178,98409],{"class":145},[63,105180,126],{"class":81},[63,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105184,140],{"class":139},[63,105186,113],{"class":81},[63,105188,3557],{"class":77},[63,105190,113],{"class":81},[63,105192,98409],{"class":145},[63,105194,100],{"class":81},[14,105196,163],{},[54,105198,105199],{"className":56,"code":99388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,105200,105201,105207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105202,105203,105205],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105204,6607],{"class":77},[63,105206,279],{"class":81},[63,105208,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105210,3626],{"class":73},[63,105212,3629],{"class":2402},[63,105214,203],{"class":116},[63,105216,6607],{"class":120},[63,105218,193],{"class":116},[63,105220,3638],{"class":73},[14,105222,105223],{},"This is important because:",[29,105225,105226,105231],{},[32,105227,105228,105230],{},[18,105229,4133],{}," creates an empty set",[32,105232,105233,105235,105236,105238],{},[18,105234,4128],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1217,105237,4961],{}," a set",[14,105240,2543],{},[54,105242,105244],{"className":56,"code":105243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,105245,105246,105256,105264,105268,105282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105247,105248,105250,105252,105254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105249,2890],{"class":69},[63,105251,74],{"class":73},[63,105253,15930],{"class":77},[63,105255,279],{"class":81},[63,105257,105258,105260,105262],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105259,2918],{"class":69},[63,105261,74],{"class":73},[63,105263,10145],{"class":81},[63,105265,105266],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105267,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,105269,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105271,140],{"class":139},[63,105273,113],{"class":81},[63,105275,3557],{"class":77},[63,105277,113],{"class":81},[63,105279,196],{"class":145},[63,105281,100],{"class":81},[63,105283,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,105285,140],{"class":139},[63,105287,113],{"class":81},[63,105289,3557],{"class":77},[63,105291,113],{"class":81},[63,105293,206],{"class":145},[63,105295,100],{"class":81},[14,105297,163],{},[54,105299,105301],{"className":56,"code":105300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,105302,105303,105317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105306,3626],{"class":73},[63,105308,3629],{"class":2402},[63,105310,203],{"class":116},[63,105312,6607],{"class":120},[63,105314,193],{"class":116},[63,105316,3638],{"class":73},[63,105318,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105320,3626],{"class":73},[63,105322,3629],{"class":2402},[63,105324,203],{"class":116},[63,105326,9138],{"class":120},[63,105328,193],{"class":116},[63,105330,3638],{"class":73},[14,105332,14347],{},[14,105334,105335,105336,259],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[196,105337,104592],{"href":96431},[49,105339,105341],{"id":105340},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[486,105343,105345],{"id":105344},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105347,105348,105349,259],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,105350,4133],{},[54,105352,105354],{"className":56,"code":105353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105355,105356,105388,105402,105406],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105357,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105359,70],{"class":69},[63,105361,74],{"class":73},[63,105363,1091],{"class":81},[63,105365,86],{"class":85},[63,105367,89],{"class":81},[63,105369,92],{"class":85},[63,105371,89],{"class":81},[63,105373,92],{"class":85},[63,105375,89],{"class":81},[63,105377,97],{"class":85},[63,105379,89],{"class":81},[63,105381,97],{"class":85},[63,105383,89],{"class":81},[63,105385,97],{"class":85},[63,105387,186],{"class":81},[63,105389,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105391,851],{"class":69},[63,105393,74],{"class":73},[63,105395,15930],{"class":77},[63,105397,113],{"class":81},[63,105399,146],{"class":145},[63,105401,126],{"class":81},[63,105403,105404],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105405,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,105407,105408,105410,105412,105414],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105409,140],{"class":139},[63,105411,113],{"class":81},[63,105413,875],{"class":145},[63,105415,126],{"class":81},[14,105417,163],{},[54,105419,105420],{"className":56,"code":96707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,105421,105422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105425,9588],{"class":81},[63,105427,86],{"class":85},[63,105429,89],{"class":81},[63,105431,92],{"class":85},[63,105433,89],{"class":81},[63,105435,97],{"class":85},[63,105437,846],{"class":81},[14,105439,105440,105441,259],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[196,105442,99178],{"href":105443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[486,105445,105447],{"id":105446},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[54,105449,105451],{"className":56,"code":105450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105452,105453,105477,105491,105495],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105454,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105456,731],{"class":69},[63,105458,74],{"class":73},[63,105460,1687],{"class":81},[63,105462,661],{"class":85},[63,105464,89],{"class":81},[63,105466,4935],{"class":85},[63,105468,89],{"class":81},[63,105470,6324],{"class":85},[63,105472,89],{"class":81},[63,105474,38227],{"class":85},[63,105476,126],{"class":81},[63,105478,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105480,851],{"class":69},[63,105482,74],{"class":73},[63,105484,15930],{"class":77},[63,105486,113],{"class":81},[63,105488,763],{"class":145},[63,105490,126],{"class":81},[63,105492,105493],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105494,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,105496,105497,105499,105501,105503],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105498,140],{"class":139},[63,105500,113],{"class":81},[63,105502,875],{"class":145},[63,105504,126],{"class":81},[14,105506,163],{},[54,105508,105510],{"className":56,"code":105509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,105511,105512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105513,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105515,9588],{"class":81},[63,105517,661],{"class":85},[63,105519,89],{"class":81},[63,105521,6324],{"class":85},[63,105523,89],{"class":81},[63,105525,38227],{"class":85},[63,105527,846],{"class":81},[486,105529,105531],{"id":105530},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105533,51419,105534,105536],{},[18,105535,4133],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[54,105538,105540],{"className":56,"code":105539,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,105541,105542,105554,105568,105572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105545,34981],{"class":69},[63,105547,74],{"class":73},[63,105549,824],{"class":116},[63,105551,427],{"class":120},[63,105553,3694],{"class":116},[63,105555,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105557,851],{"class":69},[63,105559,74],{"class":73},[63,105561,15930],{"class":77},[63,105563,113],{"class":81},[63,105565,35002],{"class":145},[63,105567,126],{"class":81},[63,105569,105570],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105571,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105575,140],{"class":139},[63,105577,113],{"class":81},[63,105579,875],{"class":145},[63,105581,126],{"class":81},[14,105583,30321],{},[54,105585,105587],{"className":56,"code":105586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105588,105589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105592,9588],{"class":81},[63,105594,193],{"class":116},[63,105596,206],{"class":120},[63,105598,193],{"class":116},[63,105600,89],{"class":81},[63,105602,203],{"class":116},[63,105604,196],{"class":120},[63,105606,193],{"class":116},[63,105608,89],{"class":81},[63,105610,203],{"class":116},[63,105612,76127],{"class":120},[63,105614,193],{"class":116},[63,105616,846],{"class":81},[14,105618,105619],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[486,105621,105623],{"id":105622},"from-range","From range()",[54,105625,105627],{"className":56,"code":105626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105628,105629,105647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105630,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105632,851],{"class":69},[63,105634,74],{"class":73},[63,105636,15930],{"class":77},[63,105638,113],{"class":81},[63,105640,40],{"class":139},[63,105642,113],{"class":81},[63,105644,661],{"class":85},[63,105646,100],{"class":81},[63,105648,105649,105651,105653,105655],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105650,140],{"class":139},[63,105652,113],{"class":81},[63,105654,875],{"class":145},[63,105656,126],{"class":81},[14,105658,163],{},[54,105660,105662],{"className":56,"code":105661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105663,105664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105665,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105667,9588],{"class":81},[63,105669,687],{"class":85},[63,105671,89],{"class":81},[63,105673,692],{"class":85},[63,105675,89],{"class":81},[63,105677,92],{"class":85},[63,105679,89],{"class":81},[63,105681,97],{"class":85},[63,105683,89],{"class":81},[63,105685,705],{"class":85},[63,105687,846],{"class":81},[49,105689,105691],{"id":105690},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105693,99625,105694,259],{},[1217,105695,96471],{},[14,105697,105698],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105700,99631],{},[29,105702,105703,105707,105711,105715],{},[32,105704,105705],{},[18,105706,1039],{},[32,105708,105709],{},[18,105710,3779],{},[32,105712,105713],{},[18,105714,2527],{},[32,105716,105717,105719],{},[18,105718,49245],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105721,2543],{},[54,105723,105725],{"className":56,"code":105724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105726,105727,105758],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105728,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105730,342],{"class":69},[63,105732,74],{"class":73},[63,105734,811],{"class":81},[63,105736,86],{"class":85},[63,105738,89],{"class":81},[63,105740,824],{"class":116},[63,105742,1995],{"class":120},[63,105744,117],{"class":116},[63,105746,89],{"class":81},[63,105748,1687],{"class":81},[63,105750,741],{"class":85},[63,105752,89],{"class":81},[63,105754,746],{"class":85},[63,105756,105757],{"class":81},")}\n",[63,105759,105760,105762,105764,105766],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105761,140],{"class":139},[63,105763,113],{"class":81},[63,105765,357],{"class":145},[63,105767,126],{"class":81},[14,105769,99693,105770,105772],{},[1217,105771,4961],{}," work inside a set:",[29,105774,105775,105779,105783],{},[32,105776,105777],{},[18,105778,276],{},[32,105780,105781],{},[18,105782,9138],{},[32,105784,105785],{},[18,105786,6607],{},[14,105788,97196],{},[54,105790,105792],{"className":56,"code":105791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105793,105794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105795,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105797,99712],{"class":69},[63,105799,74],{"class":73},[63,105801,99717],{"class":81},[63,105803,86],{"class":85},[63,105805,89],{"class":81},[63,105807,92],{"class":85},[63,105809,1243],{"class":81},[63,105811,1091],{"class":81},[63,105813,1248],{"class":85},[63,105815,89],{"class":81},[63,105817,705],{"class":85},[63,105819,14006],{"class":81},[14,105821,76955,105822,105824],{},[18,105823,1032],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105826,105827],{},"A safer example:",[54,105829,105831],{"className":56,"code":105830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105832,105833,105861],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105834,105835,105838,105840,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105836,105837],{"class":69},"good_set ",[63,105839,74],{"class":73},[63,105841,105842],{"class":81}," {(",[63,105844,86],{"class":85},[63,105846,89],{"class":81},[63,105848,92],{"class":85},[63,105850,1684],{"class":81},[63,105852,1687],{"class":81},[63,105854,1248],{"class":85},[63,105856,89],{"class":81},[63,105858,705],{"class":85},[63,105860,105757],{"class":81},[63,105862,105863,105865,105867,105870],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105864,140],{"class":139},[63,105866,113],{"class":81},[63,105868,105869],{"class":145},"good_set",[63,105871,126],{"class":81},[14,105873,163],{},[54,105875,105877],{"className":56,"code":105876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105878,105879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105880,105881,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105882,105883],{"class":81},"{(",[63,105885,86],{"class":85},[63,105887,89],{"class":81},[63,105889,92],{"class":85},[63,105891,1684],{"class":81},[63,105893,1687],{"class":81},[63,105895,1248],{"class":85},[63,105897,89],{"class":81},[63,105899,705],{"class":85},[63,105901,105757],{"class":81},[49,105903,105905],{"id":105904},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105907,222,105908,1716],{},[18,105909,4133],{},[29,105911,105912,105915,105920,105923],{},[32,105913,105914],{},"you need unique values only",[32,105916,105917,105918],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105919,4217],{},[32,105921,105922],{},"order does not matter",[32,105924,105925],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105927,105928],{},"Example of membership checking:",[54,105930,105932],{"className":56,"code":105931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105933,105934,105959,105963,105979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,105935,105936,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105952,105954,105957],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,105937,105938],{"class":69},"allowed_ids ",[63,105940,74],{"class":73},[63,105942,15930],{"class":77},[63,105944,2071],{"class":81},[63,105946,46883],{"class":85},[63,105948,89],{"class":81},[63,105950,105951],{"class":85}," 102",[63,105953,89],{"class":81},[63,105955,105956],{"class":85}," 103",[63,105958,2080],{"class":81},[63,105960,105961],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,105962,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,105964,105965,105967,105969,105972,105974,105977],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,105966,140],{"class":139},[63,105968,113],{"class":81},[63,105970,105971],{"class":85},"102",[63,105973,21468],{"class":1155},[63,105975,105976],{"class":145}," allowed_ids",[63,105978,126],{"class":81},[63,105980,105981,105983,105985,105988,105990,105992],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,105982,140],{"class":139},[63,105984,113],{"class":81},[63,105986,105987],{"class":85},"999",[63,105989,21468],{"class":1155},[63,105991,105976],{"class":145},[63,105993,126],{"class":81},[14,105995,163],{},[54,105997,105998],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,105999,106000,106004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106001,106002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106003,4313],{"class":1205},[63,106005,106006],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106007,1206],{"class":1205},[14,106009,106010],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[49,106012,106014],{"id":106013},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,106016,106017],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[486,106019,222,106021,98322],{"id":106020},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,106022,4133],{},[54,106024,106025],{"className":56,"code":98383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,106026,106027,106037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106030,98390],{"class":69},[63,106032,74],{"class":73},[63,106034,15930],{"class":77},[63,106036,279],{"class":81},[63,106038,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106040,140],{"class":139},[63,106042,113],{"class":81},[63,106044,3557],{"class":77},[63,106046,113],{"class":81},[63,106048,98409],{"class":145},[63,106050,100],{"class":81},[14,106052,163],{},[54,106054,106055],{"className":56,"code":9169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,106056,106057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106058,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106060,3626],{"class":73},[63,106062,3629],{"class":2402},[63,106064,203],{"class":116},[63,106066,6607],{"class":120},[63,106068,193],{"class":116},[63,106070,3638],{"class":73},[486,106072,222,106074,106076],{"id":106073},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,106075,100382],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[54,106078,106080],{"className":56,"code":106079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,106081,106082,106102],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106083,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106085,70],{"class":69},[63,106087,74],{"class":73},[63,106089,811],{"class":81},[63,106091,86],{"class":85},[63,106093,89],{"class":81},[63,106095,92],{"class":85},[63,106097,89],{"class":81},[63,106099,97],{"class":85},[63,106101,846],{"class":81},[63,106103,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106105,140],{"class":139},[63,106107,113],{"class":81},[63,106109,3557],{"class":77},[63,106111,113],{"class":81},[63,106113,146],{"class":145},[63,106115,100],{"class":81},[14,106117,163],{},[54,106119,106120],{"className":56,"code":9169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,106121,106122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106123,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106125,3626],{"class":73},[63,106127,3629],{"class":2402},[63,106129,203],{"class":116},[63,106131,6607],{"class":120},[63,106133,193],{"class":116},[63,106135,3638],{"class":73},[486,106137,222,106139,106141],{"id":106138},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,106140,4128],{}," for an empty dictionary",[54,106143,106145],{"className":56,"code":106144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,106146,106147,106156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106148,106149,106152,106154],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106150,106151],{"class":69},"empty_dict ",[63,106153,74],{"class":73},[63,106155,10145],{"class":81},[63,106157,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106169],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106159,140],{"class":139},[63,106161,113],{"class":81},[63,106163,3557],{"class":77},[63,106165,113],{"class":81},[63,106167,106168],{"class":145},"empty_dict",[63,106170,100],{"class":81},[14,106172,163],{},[54,106174,106175],{"className":56,"code":9125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,106176,106177],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106180,3626],{"class":73},[63,106182,3629],{"class":2402},[63,106184,203],{"class":116},[63,106186,9138],{"class":120},[63,106188,193],{"class":116},[63,106190,3638],{"class":73},[14,106192,106193],{},"So the rule is simple:",[29,106195,106196,106201,106206],{},[32,106197,106198,106200],{},[18,106199,4133],{}," → empty set",[32,106202,106203,106205],{},[18,106204,100382],{}," → non-empty set",[32,106207,106208,106210],{},[18,106209,4128],{}," → empty dictionary",[49,106212,3167],{"id":3166},[14,106214,106215,106216,259],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,106217,4133],{},[486,106219,8733,106220,99980],{"id":99977},[18,106221,4128],{},[14,106223,106224],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[54,106226,106227],{"className":56,"code":99986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,106228,106229,106237],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106230,106231,106233,106235],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106232,2782],{"class":69},[63,106234,74],{"class":73},[63,106236,10145],{"class":81},[63,106238,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106240,140],{"class":139},[63,106242,113],{"class":81},[63,106244,3557],{"class":77},[63,106246,113],{"class":81},[63,106248,2807],{"class":145},[63,106250,100],{"class":81},[486,106252,106254,106255],{"id":106253},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,106256,106257],{},"set(5)",[14,106259,106260,106262],{},[18,106261,4133],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[54,106264,106266],{"className":56,"code":106265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(5)\n",[18,106267,106268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106269,106270,106272,106274,106276],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106271,6607],{"class":77},[63,106273,113],{"class":81},[63,106275,661],{"class":85},[63,106277,126],{"class":81},[14,106279,3337,106280,106282,106283,259],{},[18,106281,1032],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[196,106284,106286],{"href":106285},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[486,106288,106290],{"id":106289},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106292,106293],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[54,106295,106297],{"className":56,"code":106296,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,106298,106299],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106300,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106302,2782],{"class":69},[63,106304,74],{"class":73},[63,106306,99717],{"class":81},[63,106308,86],{"class":85},[63,106310,89],{"class":81},[63,106312,92],{"class":85},[63,106314,1243],{"class":81},[63,106316,1091],{"class":81},[63,106318,1248],{"class":85},[63,106320,89],{"class":81},[63,106322,705],{"class":85},[63,106324,14006],{"class":81},[486,106326,8769,106328,106330],{"id":106327},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,106329,4133],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106332,106333],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[486,106335,37494,106337,9021,106339,1725,106341],{"id":106336},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,106338,4133],{},[18,106340,20],{},[18,106342,9437],{},[14,106344,106345],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[49,106347,60983],{"id":60982},[14,106349,11419],{},[54,106351,106353],{"className":56,"code":106352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,106354,106355,106370,106380,106394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106356,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106368],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106358,140],{"class":139},[63,106360,113],{"class":81},[63,106362,3557],{"class":77},[63,106364,113],{"class":81},[63,106366,106367],{"class":145},"my_value",[63,106369,100],{"class":81},[63,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106373,140],{"class":139},[63,106375,113],{"class":81},[63,106377,106367],{"class":145},[63,106379,126],{"class":81},[63,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,106383,140],{"class":139},[63,106385,113],{"class":81},[63,106387,276],{"class":77},[63,106389,113],{"class":81},[63,106391,15963],{"class":145},[63,106393,100],{"class":81},[63,106395,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,106397,140],{"class":139},[63,106399,113],{"class":81},[63,106401,11468],{"class":139},[63,106403,113],{"class":81},[63,106405,15963],{"class":145},[63,106407,100],{"class":81},[14,106409,106410],{},"What they help you see:",[29,106412,106413,106419,106424,106430],{},[32,106414,106415,106418],{},[18,106416,106417],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[32,106420,106421,90646],{},[18,106422,106423],{},"print(my_value)",[32,106425,106426,106429],{},[18,106427,106428],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[32,106431,106432,106435],{},[18,106433,106434],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[49,106437,2165],{"id":2164},[486,106439,106441],{"id":106440},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106443,106444],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[486,106446,106448],{"id":106447},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106450,222,106451,106453,106454,106456],{},[18,106452,4133],{},". Do not use ",[18,106455,4128],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[486,106458,106460],{"id":106459},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106462,106463],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[486,106465,106467],{"id":106466},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106469,106470],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106472,2543],{},[54,106474,106476],{"className":56,"code":106475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,106477,106478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106479,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106481,140],{"class":139},[63,106483,113],{"class":81},[63,106485,6607],{"class":77},[63,106487,113],{"class":81},[63,106489,117],{"class":116},[63,106491,408],{"class":120},[63,106493,117],{"class":116},[63,106495,100],{"class":81},[14,106497,30321],{},[54,106499,106501],{"className":56,"code":106500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,106502,106503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106504,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106506,9588],{"class":81},[63,106508,193],{"class":116},[63,106510,196],{"class":120},[63,106512,193],{"class":116},[63,106514,89],{"class":81},[63,106516,203],{"class":116},[63,106518,14],{"class":120},[63,106520,193],{"class":116},[63,106522,89],{"class":81},[63,106524,203],{"class":116},[63,106526,2032],{"class":120},[63,106528,193],{"class":116},[63,106530,89],{"class":81},[63,106532,203],{"class":116},[63,106534,2023],{"class":120},[63,106536,193],{"class":116},[63,106538,846],{"class":81},[486,106540,5485,106542,106545],{"id":106541},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,106543,106544],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106547,106548,28976,106550,106553],{},[18,106549,4133],{},[1217,106551,106552],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106555,106556],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[54,106558,106560],{"className":56,"code":106559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,106561,106562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106563,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106565,140],{"class":139},[63,106567,113],{"class":81},[63,106569,6607],{"class":77},[63,106571,2071],{"class":81},[63,106573,86],{"class":85},[63,106575,89],{"class":81},[63,106577,92],{"class":85},[63,106579,89],{"class":81},[63,106581,97],{"class":85},[63,106583,89],{"class":81},[63,106585,705],{"class":85},[63,106587,3334],{"class":81},[49,106589,2219],{"id":2218},[29,106591,106592,106596,106600,106604,106608],{},[32,106593,106594],{},[196,106595,96428],{"href":96427},[32,106597,106598],{},[196,106599,104592],{"href":96431},[32,106601,106602],{},[196,106603,100444],{"href":105443},[32,106605,106606],{},[196,106607,105150],{"href":2302},[32,106609,106610],{},[196,106611,106286],{"href":106285},[2259,106613,106614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":106616},[106617,106618,106619,106620,106621,106627,106628,106629,106637,106647,106648,106656],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":104768,"depth":103,"text":104769},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":105153,"depth":103,"text":105154},{"id":105340,"depth":103,"text":105341,"children":106622},[106623,106624,106625,106626],{"id":105344,"depth":129,"text":105345},{"id":105446,"depth":129,"text":105447},{"id":105530,"depth":129,"text":105531},{"id":105622,"depth":129,"text":105623},{"id":105690,"depth":103,"text":105691},{"id":105904,"depth":103,"text":105905},{"id":106013,"depth":103,"text":106014,"children":106630},[106631,106633,106635],{"id":106020,"depth":129,"text":106632},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106073,"depth":129,"text":106634},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106138,"depth":129,"text":106636},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":106638},[106639,106640,106642,106643,106645],{"id":99977,"depth":129,"text":100485},{"id":106253,"depth":129,"text":106641},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106289,"depth":129,"text":106290},{"id":106327,"depth":129,"text":106644},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106336,"depth":129,"text":106646},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60982,"depth":103,"text":60983},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":106649},[106650,106651,106652,106653,106654],{"id":106440,"depth":129,"text":106441},{"id":106447,"depth":129,"text":106448},{"id":106459,"depth":129,"text":106460},{"id":106466,"depth":129,"text":106467},{"id":106541,"depth":129,"text":106655},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104650,"description":106657},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106664,"title":106665,"body":106666,"description":108181,"extension":2300,"meta":108182,"navigation":132,"path":108183,"seo":108184,"stem":108185,"__hash__":108186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106667,"toc":108157},[106668,106674,106679,106682,106765,106770,106775,106780,106782,106795,106799,106801,106820,106823,106846,106849,106860,106862,106943,106945,106962,106964,106970,106973,107068,107070,107101,107103,107111,107113,107116,107227,107229,107254,107256,107278,107283,107288,107294,107403,107405,107421,107424,107427,107510,107512,107529,107537,107539,107543,107549,107640,107642,107675,107680,107687,107764,107766,107783,107789,107791,107795,107811,107814,107840,107842,107903,107905,108028,108030,108081,108087,108089,108094,108096,108102,108105,108109,108112,108116,108119,108129,108131,108154],[10,106669,3912,106671,11629],{"id":106670},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106672,106673],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106675,2317,106676,106678],{},[18,106677,106673],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106680,106681],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[54,106683,106685],{"className":56,"code":106684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106686,106687,106707,106727,106731,106750,106760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106688,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106690,2890],{"class":69},[63,106692,74],{"class":73},[63,106694,811],{"class":81},[63,106696,86],{"class":85},[63,106698,89],{"class":81},[63,106700,92],{"class":85},[63,106702,89],{"class":81},[63,106704,97],{"class":85},[63,106706,846],{"class":81},[63,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106710,2918],{"class":69},[63,106712,74],{"class":73},[63,106714,811],{"class":81},[63,106716,2394],{"class":85},[63,106718,89],{"class":81},[63,106720,97],{"class":85},[63,106722,89],{"class":81},[63,106724,705],{"class":85},[63,106726,846],{"class":81},[63,106728,106729],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,106730,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,106732,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106744,106746,106748],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,106734,851],{"class":69},[63,106736,74],{"class":73},[63,106738,57168],{"class":69},[63,106740,259],{"class":81},[63,106742,106743],{"class":145},"intersection",[63,106745,113],{"class":81},[63,106747,206],{"class":145},[63,106749,126],{"class":81},[63,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,106753,140],{"class":139},[63,106755,113],{"class":81},[63,106757,875],{"class":145},[63,106759,126],{"class":81},[63,106761,106762],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,106763,106764],{"class":1910},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106766,222,106767,106769],{},[18,106768,102891],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[49,106771,13301,106773,13304],{"id":106772},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106774,102891],{},[14,106776,106777,106779],{},[18,106778,102891],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106781,13357],{},[29,106783,106784,106787,106789,106792],{},[32,106785,106786],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[32,106788,100661],{},[32,106790,106791],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[32,106793,106794],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106796,96424,106797,259],{},[196,106798,96428],{"href":96427},[49,106800,263],{"id":262},[54,106802,106804],{"className":56,"code":106803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106805,106806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106807,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106809,100685],{"class":69},[63,106811,259],{"class":81},[63,106813,106743],{"class":145},[63,106815,113],{"class":81},[63,106817,100694],{"class":145},[63,106819,126],{"class":81},[14,106821,106822],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[54,106824,106826],{"className":56,"code":106825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106827,106828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106831,100685],{"class":69},[63,106833,259],{"class":81},[63,106835,106743],{"class":145},[63,106837,113],{"class":81},[63,106839,100694],{"class":145},[63,106841,89],{"class":81},[63,106843,100721],{"class":145},[63,106845,126],{"class":81},[14,106847,106848],{},"Important notes:",[29,106850,106851,106854,106857],{},[32,106852,106853],{},"The result is always a new set",[32,106855,106856],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[32,106858,106859],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106861,2543],{},[54,106863,106865],{"className":56,"code":106864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106866,106867,106891,106911,106915,106933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106870,2890],{"class":69},[63,106872,74],{"class":73},[63,106874,811],{"class":81},[63,106876,86],{"class":85},[63,106878,89],{"class":81},[63,106880,92],{"class":85},[63,106882,89],{"class":81},[63,106884,97],{"class":85},[63,106886,89],{"class":81},[63,106888,705],{"class":85},[63,106890,846],{"class":81},[63,106892,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,106894,2918],{"class":69},[63,106896,74],{"class":73},[63,106898,811],{"class":81},[63,106900,1248],{"class":85},[63,106902,89],{"class":81},[63,106904,705],{"class":85},[63,106906,89],{"class":81},[63,106908,4935],{"class":85},[63,106910,846],{"class":81},[63,106912,106913],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,106914,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,106916,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,106918,851],{"class":69},[63,106920,74],{"class":73},[63,106922,57168],{"class":69},[63,106924,259],{"class":81},[63,106926,106743],{"class":145},[63,106928,113],{"class":81},[63,106930,206],{"class":145},[63,106932,126],{"class":81},[63,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,106936,140],{"class":139},[63,106938,113],{"class":81},[63,106940,875],{"class":145},[63,106942,126],{"class":81},[14,106944,163],{},[54,106946,106948],{"className":56,"code":106947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106949,106950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106951,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106953,9588],{"class":81},[63,106955,1248],{"class":85},[63,106957,89],{"class":81},[63,106959,705],{"class":85},[63,106961,846],{"class":81},[49,106963,17715],{"id":17714},[14,106965,106966,22269,106968,259],{},[18,106967,102891],{},[1217,106969,6607],{},[14,106971,106972],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[54,106974,106976],{"className":56,"code":106975,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106977,106978,106998,107018,107022,107040,107044,107054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,106979,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,106981,2890],{"class":69},[63,106983,74],{"class":73},[63,106985,811],{"class":81},[63,106987,86],{"class":85},[63,106989,89],{"class":81},[63,106991,92],{"class":85},[63,106993,89],{"class":81},[63,106995,97],{"class":85},[63,106997,846],{"class":81},[63,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107001,2918],{"class":69},[63,107003,74],{"class":73},[63,107005,811],{"class":81},[63,107007,2394],{"class":85},[63,107009,89],{"class":81},[63,107011,97],{"class":85},[63,107013,89],{"class":81},[63,107015,705],{"class":85},[63,107017,846],{"class":81},[63,107019,107020],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107021,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107025,851],{"class":69},[63,107027,74],{"class":73},[63,107029,57168],{"class":69},[63,107031,259],{"class":81},[63,107033,106743],{"class":145},[63,107035,113],{"class":81},[63,107037,206],{"class":145},[63,107039,126],{"class":81},[63,107041,107042],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107043,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107047,140],{"class":139},[63,107049,113],{"class":81},[63,107051,875],{"class":145},[63,107053,126],{"class":81},[63,107055,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,107057,140],{"class":139},[63,107059,113],{"class":81},[63,107061,3557],{"class":77},[63,107063,113],{"class":81},[63,107065,875],{"class":145},[63,107067,100],{"class":81},[14,107069,163],{},[54,107071,107073],{"className":56,"code":107072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,107074,107075,107087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107078,9588],{"class":81},[63,107080,2394],{"class":85},[63,107082,89],{"class":81},[63,107084,97],{"class":85},[63,107086,846],{"class":81},[63,107088,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107090,3626],{"class":73},[63,107092,3629],{"class":2402},[63,107094,203],{"class":116},[63,107096,6607],{"class":120},[63,107098,193],{"class":116},[63,107100,3638],{"class":73},[14,107102,85909],{},[29,107104,107105,107108],{},[32,107106,107107],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[32,107109,107110],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[49,107112,11783],{"id":11782},[14,107114,107115],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[54,107117,107119],{"className":56,"code":107118,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,107120,107121,107154,107187,107191,107212,107216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107122,107123,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107124,107125],{"class":69},"colors1 ",[63,107127,74],{"class":73},[63,107129,811],{"class":81},[63,107131,117],{"class":116},[63,107133,13398],{"class":120},[63,107135,117],{"class":116},[63,107137,89],{"class":81},[63,107139,824],{"class":116},[63,107141,13415],{"class":120},[63,107143,117],{"class":116},[63,107145,89],{"class":81},[63,107147,824],{"class":116},[63,107149,17752],{"class":120},[63,107151,117],{"class":116},[63,107153,846],{"class":81},[63,107155,107156,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107157,107158],{"class":69},"colors2 ",[63,107160,74],{"class":73},[63,107162,811],{"class":81},[63,107164,117],{"class":116},[63,107166,17752],{"class":120},[63,107168,117],{"class":116},[63,107170,89],{"class":81},[63,107172,824],{"class":116},[63,107174,22817],{"class":120},[63,107176,117],{"class":116},[63,107178,89],{"class":81},[63,107180,824],{"class":116},[63,107182,13415],{"class":120},[63,107184,117],{"class":116},[63,107186,846],{"class":81},[63,107188,107189],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107190,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107192,107193,107196,107198,107201,107203,107205,107207,107210],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107194,107195],{"class":69},"common_colors ",[63,107197,74],{"class":73},[63,107199,107200],{"class":69}," colors1",[63,107202,259],{"class":81},[63,107204,106743],{"class":145},[63,107206,113],{"class":81},[63,107208,107209],{"class":145},"colors2",[63,107211,126],{"class":81},[63,107213,107214],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107215,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107217,107218,107220,107222,107225],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107219,140],{"class":139},[63,107221,113],{"class":81},[63,107223,107224],{"class":145},"common_colors",[63,107226,126],{"class":81},[14,107228,163],{},[54,107230,107232],{"className":56,"code":107231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,107233,107234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107235,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107237,9588],{"class":81},[63,107239,193],{"class":116},[63,107241,13415],{"class":120},[63,107243,193],{"class":116},[63,107245,89],{"class":81},[63,107247,203],{"class":116},[63,107249,17752],{"class":120},[63,107251,193],{"class":116},[63,107253,846],{"class":81},[14,107255,11992],{},[29,107257,107258,107264,107268,107273],{},[32,107259,107260,107263],{},[18,107261,107262],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[32,107265,107266,107263],{},[18,107267,107209],{},[32,107269,107270,107272],{},[18,107271,102891],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[32,107274,107275,107276],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,107277,107224],{},[49,107279,8733,107281,101258],{"id":107280},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,107282,102891],{},[14,107284,107285,107286,259],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,107287,102891],{},[14,107289,107290,107291,107293],{},"Only the values found in ",[1217,107292,4053],{}," inputs will be kept.",[54,107295,107297],{"className":56,"code":107296,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107298,107299,107323,107347,107367,107371,107393],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107302,2890],{"class":69},[63,107304,74],{"class":73},[63,107306,811],{"class":81},[63,107308,86],{"class":85},[63,107310,89],{"class":81},[63,107312,92],{"class":85},[63,107314,89],{"class":81},[63,107316,97],{"class":85},[63,107318,89],{"class":81},[63,107320,705],{"class":85},[63,107322,846],{"class":81},[63,107324,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107326,2918],{"class":69},[63,107328,74],{"class":73},[63,107330,811],{"class":81},[63,107332,2394],{"class":85},[63,107334,89],{"class":81},[63,107336,97],{"class":85},[63,107338,89],{"class":81},[63,107340,705],{"class":85},[63,107342,89],{"class":81},[63,107344,4935],{"class":85},[63,107346,846],{"class":81},[63,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107350,83283],{"class":69},[63,107352,74],{"class":73},[63,107354,811],{"class":81},[63,107356,1248],{"class":85},[63,107358,89],{"class":81},[63,107360,705],{"class":85},[63,107362,89],{"class":81},[63,107364,37934],{"class":85},[63,107366,846],{"class":81},[63,107368,107369],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107370,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107374,851],{"class":69},[63,107376,74],{"class":73},[63,107378,57168],{"class":69},[63,107380,259],{"class":81},[63,107382,106743],{"class":145},[63,107384,113],{"class":81},[63,107386,206],{"class":145},[63,107388,89],{"class":81},[63,107390,9989],{"class":145},[63,107392,126],{"class":81},[63,107394,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107396,140],{"class":139},[63,107398,113],{"class":81},[63,107400,875],{"class":145},[63,107402,126],{"class":81},[14,107404,163],{},[54,107406,107407],{"className":56,"code":106947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,107408,107409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107410,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107412,9588],{"class":81},[63,107414,1248],{"class":85},[63,107416,89],{"class":81},[63,107418,705],{"class":85},[63,107420,846],{"class":81},[14,107422,107423],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107425,107426],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[54,107428,107430],{"className":56,"code":107429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,107431,107432,107456,107460,107500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107433,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107435,2890],{"class":69},[63,107437,74],{"class":73},[63,107439,811],{"class":81},[63,107441,86],{"class":85},[63,107443,89],{"class":81},[63,107445,92],{"class":85},[63,107447,89],{"class":81},[63,107449,97],{"class":85},[63,107451,89],{"class":81},[63,107453,705],{"class":85},[63,107455,846],{"class":81},[63,107457,107458],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107459,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107461,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107463,851],{"class":69},[63,107465,74],{"class":73},[63,107467,57168],{"class":69},[63,107469,259],{"class":81},[63,107471,106743],{"class":145},[63,107473,2071],{"class":81},[63,107475,2394],{"class":85},[63,107477,89],{"class":81},[63,107479,705],{"class":85},[63,107481,89],{"class":81},[63,107483,37934],{"class":85},[63,107485,1243],{"class":81},[63,107487,1687],{"class":81},[63,107489,86],{"class":85},[63,107491,89],{"class":81},[63,107493,92],{"class":85},[63,107495,89],{"class":81},[63,107497,705],{"class":85},[63,107499,100],{"class":81},[63,107501,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107503,140],{"class":139},[63,107505,113],{"class":81},[63,107507,875],{"class":145},[63,107509,126],{"class":81},[14,107511,163],{},[54,107513,107515],{"className":56,"code":107514,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 4}\n",[18,107516,107517],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107518,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107520,9588],{"class":81},[63,107522,2394],{"class":85},[63,107524,89],{"class":81},[63,107526,705],{"class":85},[63,107528,846],{"class":81},[49,107530,107532,10891,107534],{"id":107531},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,107533,102891],{},[18,107535,107536],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107538,101428],{},[486,107540,107541],{"id":106743},[18,107542,102891],{},[29,107544,107545,107547],{},[32,107546,101437],{},[32,107548,101440],{},[54,107550,107552],{"className":56,"code":107551,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,107553,107554,107574,107594,107598,107616,107620,107630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107557,2890],{"class":69},[63,107559,74],{"class":73},[63,107561,811],{"class":81},[63,107563,86],{"class":85},[63,107565,89],{"class":81},[63,107567,92],{"class":85},[63,107569,89],{"class":81},[63,107571,97],{"class":85},[63,107573,846],{"class":81},[63,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107577,2918],{"class":69},[63,107579,74],{"class":73},[63,107581,811],{"class":81},[63,107583,2394],{"class":85},[63,107585,89],{"class":81},[63,107587,97],{"class":85},[63,107589,89],{"class":81},[63,107591,705],{"class":85},[63,107593,846],{"class":81},[63,107595,107596],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107597,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107599,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107601,851],{"class":69},[63,107603,74],{"class":73},[63,107605,57168],{"class":69},[63,107607,259],{"class":81},[63,107609,106743],{"class":145},[63,107611,113],{"class":81},[63,107613,206],{"class":145},[63,107615,126],{"class":81},[63,107617,107618],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107619,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107623,140],{"class":139},[63,107625,113],{"class":81},[63,107627,196],{"class":145},[63,107629,126],{"class":81},[63,107631,107632,107634,107636,107638],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,107633,140],{"class":139},[63,107635,113],{"class":81},[63,107637,875],{"class":145},[63,107639,126],{"class":81},[14,107641,163],{},[54,107643,107645],{"className":56,"code":107644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107646,107647,107663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107650,9588],{"class":81},[63,107652,86],{"class":85},[63,107654,89],{"class":81},[63,107656,92],{"class":85},[63,107658,89],{"class":81},[63,107660,97],{"class":85},[63,107662,846],{"class":81},[63,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107666,9588],{"class":81},[63,107668,2394],{"class":85},[63,107670,89],{"class":81},[63,107672,97],{"class":85},[63,107674,846],{"class":81},[486,107676,107678],{"id":107677},"intersection_update",[18,107679,107536],{},[29,107681,107682,107684],{},[32,107683,101580],{},[32,107685,107686],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[54,107688,107690],{"className":56,"code":107689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107691,107692,107712,107732,107736,107750,107754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107693,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107695,2890],{"class":69},[63,107697,74],{"class":73},[63,107699,811],{"class":81},[63,107701,86],{"class":85},[63,107703,89],{"class":81},[63,107705,92],{"class":85},[63,107707,89],{"class":81},[63,107709,97],{"class":85},[63,107711,846],{"class":81},[63,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107715,2918],{"class":69},[63,107717,74],{"class":73},[63,107719,811],{"class":81},[63,107721,2394],{"class":85},[63,107723,89],{"class":81},[63,107725,97],{"class":85},[63,107727,89],{"class":81},[63,107729,705],{"class":85},[63,107731,846],{"class":81},[63,107733,107734],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107735,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107737,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107739,196],{"class":69},[63,107741,259],{"class":81},[63,107743,107677],{"class":145},[63,107745,113],{"class":81},[63,107747,206],{"class":145},[63,107749,126],{"class":81},[63,107751,107752],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107753,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107755,107756,107758,107760,107762],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107757,140],{"class":139},[63,107759,113],{"class":81},[63,107761,196],{"class":145},[63,107763,126],{"class":81},[14,107765,163],{},[54,107767,107769],{"className":56,"code":107768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107770,107771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107774,9588],{"class":81},[63,107776,2394],{"class":85},[63,107778,89],{"class":81},[63,107780,97],{"class":85},[63,107782,846],{"class":81},[14,107784,107785,107786,107788],{},"Choose ",[18,107787,102891],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[49,107790,1888],{"id":1887},[14,107792,15029,107793,821],{},[18,107794,102891],{},[29,107796,107797,107800,107803,107806],{},[32,107798,107799],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[32,107801,107802],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[32,107804,107805],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[32,107807,107808,107809],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107810,102891],{},[14,107812,107813],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[29,107815,107816,107821,107824,107837],{},[32,107817,8733,107818,107820],{},[18,107819,102891],{}," when order matters",[32,107822,107823],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[32,107825,37494,107826,9021,107828,1725,107833],{},[18,107827,102891],{},[196,107829,107831],{"href":107830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107832,102899],{},[196,107834,107835],{"href":102940},[18,107836,100514],{},[32,107838,107839],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107841,30427],{},[54,107843,107845],{"className":56,"code":107844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107846,107847,107857,107871,107889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107848,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107850,140],{"class":139},[63,107852,113],{"class":81},[63,107854,15963],{"class":145},[63,107856,126],{"class":81},[63,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107860,140],{"class":139},[63,107862,113],{"class":81},[63,107864,3557],{"class":77},[63,107866,113],{"class":81},[63,107868,875],{"class":145},[63,107870,100],{"class":81},[63,107872,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107874,140],{"class":139},[63,107876,113],{"class":81},[63,107878,100685],{"class":145},[63,107880,259],{"class":81},[63,107882,106743],{"class":145},[63,107884,113],{"class":81},[63,107886,100694],{"class":145},[63,107888,100],{"class":81},[63,107890,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107892,140],{"class":139},[63,107894,113],{"class":81},[63,107896,11468],{"class":139},[63,107898,113],{"class":81},[63,107900,875],{"class":145},[63,107902,100],{"class":81},[14,107904,2543],{},[54,107906,107908],{"className":56,"code":107907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107909,107910,107934,107954,107958,107976,107980,107990,108000,108014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,107913,70],{"class":69},[63,107915,74],{"class":73},[63,107917,811],{"class":81},[63,107919,86],{"class":85},[63,107921,89],{"class":81},[63,107923,92],{"class":85},[63,107925,89],{"class":81},[63,107927,92],{"class":85},[63,107929,89],{"class":81},[63,107931,97],{"class":85},[63,107933,846],{"class":81},[63,107935,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,107937,43840],{"class":69},[63,107939,74],{"class":73},[63,107941,811],{"class":81},[63,107943,2394],{"class":85},[63,107945,89],{"class":81},[63,107947,97],{"class":85},[63,107949,89],{"class":81},[63,107951,705],{"class":85},[63,107953,846],{"class":81},[63,107955,107956],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,107957,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107959,107960,107962,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,107961,851],{"class":69},[63,107963,74],{"class":73},[63,107965,4595],{"class":69},[63,107967,259],{"class":81},[63,107969,106743],{"class":145},[63,107971,113],{"class":81},[63,107973,31034],{"class":145},[63,107975,126],{"class":81},[63,107977,107978],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,107979,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,107983,140],{"class":139},[63,107985,113],{"class":81},[63,107987,146],{"class":145},[63,107989,126],{"class":81},[63,107991,107992,107994,107996,107998],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,107993,140],{"class":139},[63,107995,113],{"class":81},[63,107997,875],{"class":145},[63,107999,126],{"class":81},[63,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,108003,140],{"class":139},[63,108005,113],{"class":81},[63,108007,3557],{"class":77},[63,108009,113],{"class":81},[63,108011,875],{"class":145},[63,108013,100],{"class":81},[63,108015,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,108017,140],{"class":139},[63,108019,113],{"class":81},[63,108021,11468],{"class":139},[63,108023,113],{"class":81},[63,108025,875],{"class":145},[63,108027,100],{"class":81},[14,108029,163],{},[54,108031,108033],{"className":56,"code":108032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,108034,108035,108051,108063,108077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108036,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108038,9588],{"class":81},[63,108040,86],{"class":85},[63,108042,89],{"class":81},[63,108044,92],{"class":85},[63,108046,89],{"class":81},[63,108048,97],{"class":85},[63,108050,846],{"class":81},[63,108052,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108054,9588],{"class":81},[63,108056,2394],{"class":85},[63,108058,89],{"class":81},[63,108060,97],{"class":85},[63,108062,846],{"class":81},[63,108064,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108066,3626],{"class":73},[63,108068,3629],{"class":2402},[63,108070,203],{"class":116},[63,108072,6607],{"class":120},[63,108074,193],{"class":116},[63,108076,3638],{"class":73},[63,108078,108079],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108080,17353],{"class":85},[14,108082,108083,108084,108086],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,108085,2394],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[49,108088,2165],{"id":2164},[486,108090,13011,108092,102839],{"id":108091},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,108093,102891],{},[14,108095,102842],{},[486,108097,5497,108099,108101],{"id":108098},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,108100,102891],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108103,108104],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[486,108106,108108],{"id":108107},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108110,108111],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[486,108113,108115],{"id":108114},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108117,108118],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[54,108120,108121],{"className":56,"code":97558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,108122,108123],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108124,108125,108127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108126,6607],{"class":77},[63,108128,279],{"class":81},[49,108130,2219],{"id":2218},[29,108132,108133,108137,108144,108150],{},[32,108134,108135],{},[196,108136,96428],{"href":96427},[32,108138,108139],{},[196,108140,3912,108141,11046],{"href":107830},[18,108142,108143],{},"set.union()",[32,108145,108146],{},[196,108147,3912,108148,11046],{"href":102940},[18,108149,100519],{},[32,108151,108152],{},[196,108153,100444],{"href":105443},[2259,108155,108156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":108158},[108159,108161,108162,108163,108164,108166,108171,108172,108180],{"id":106772,"depth":103,"text":108160},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":107280,"depth":103,"text":108165},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107531,"depth":103,"text":108167,"children":108168},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108169,108170],{"id":106743,"depth":129,"text":102891},{"id":107677,"depth":129,"text":107536},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":108173},[108174,108176,108178,108179],{"id":108091,"depth":129,"text":108175},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108098,"depth":129,"text":108177},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108107,"depth":129,"text":108108},{"id":108114,"depth":129,"text":108115},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106665,"description":108181},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108188,"title":108189,"body":108190,"description":109426,"extension":2300,"meta":109427,"navigation":132,"path":109428,"seo":109429,"stem":109430,"__hash__":109431},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108191,"toc":109393},[108192,108197,108203,108212,108214,108289,108294,108309,108319,108324,108328,108341,108345,108347,108362,108364,108380,108382,108457,108461,108464,108466,108483,108488,108543,108548,108560,108564,108567,108668,108670,108711,108714,108718,108725,108727,108752,108755,108773,108780,108786,108789,108871,108878,108881,108961,108970,108973,108978,108982,108996,109045,109050,109054,109065,109114,109125,109130,109134,109146,109195,109206,109208,109212,109235,109237,109294,109296,109310,109312,109318,109324,109330,109339,109343,109350,109354,109362,109364,109390],[10,108193,96300,108195,11629],{"id":108194},"python-set-pop-method",[18,108196,13070],{},[14,108198,108199,108202],{},[18,108200,108201],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108204,108205,108206,108208,108209,108211],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1217,108207,4961],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,108210,13070],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[49,108213,52],{"id":51},[54,108215,108217],{"className":56,"code":108216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,108218,108219,108251,108265,108269,108279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108220,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108222,342],{"class":69},[63,108224,74],{"class":73},[63,108226,811],{"class":81},[63,108228,117],{"class":116},[63,108230,408],{"class":120},[63,108232,117],{"class":116},[63,108234,89],{"class":81},[63,108236,824],{"class":116},[63,108238,427],{"class":120},[63,108240,117],{"class":116},[63,108242,89],{"class":81},[63,108244,824],{"class":116},[63,108246,4428],{"class":120},[63,108248,117],{"class":116},[63,108250,846],{"class":81},[63,108252,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108254,70031],{"class":69},[63,108256,74],{"class":73},[63,108258,6285],{"class":69},[63,108260,259],{"class":81},[63,108262,26532],{"class":145},[63,108264,279],{"class":81},[63,108266,108267],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108268,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108272,140],{"class":139},[63,108274,113],{"class":81},[63,108276,70054],{"class":145},[63,108278,126],{"class":81},[63,108280,108281,108283,108285,108287],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,108282,140],{"class":139},[63,108284,113],{"class":81},[63,108286,357],{"class":145},[63,108288,126],{"class":81},[14,108290,108291],{},[1217,108292,108293],{},"What this does:",[29,108295,108296,108301,108306],{},[32,108297,108298,108299],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,108300,357],{},[32,108302,108303,108304],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,108305,70054],{},[32,108307,108308],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108310,108311,89060,108313,108315,108316,108318],{},[1217,108312,83918],{},[18,108314,108201],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1217,108317,4961],{}," chosen by index.",[49,108320,4014,108322,4017],{"id":108321},"what-setpop-does",[18,108323,108201],{},[14,108325,108326,821],{},[18,108327,108201],{},[29,108329,108330,108332,108335,108338],{},[32,108331,103142],{},[32,108333,108334],{},"Returns the removed item",[32,108336,108337],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[32,108339,108340],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108342,96424,108343,259],{},[196,108344,96428],{"href":97599},[49,108346,263],{"id":262},[54,108348,108350],{"className":56,"code":108349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,108351,108352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108353,108354,108356,108358,108360],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108355,15963],{"class":69},[63,108357,259],{"class":81},[63,108359,26532],{"class":145},[63,108361,279],{"class":81},[14,108363,13357],{},[29,108365,108366,108372,108377],{},[32,108367,108368,108369],{},"The syntax is ",[18,108370,108371],{},"my_set.pop()",[32,108373,108374,108375],{},"It takes ",[1217,108376,28979],{},[32,108378,108379],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108381,2543],{},[54,108383,108385],{"className":56,"code":108384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108386,108387,108419,108433,108437,108447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108388,108389,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108390,13381],{"class":69},[63,108392,74],{"class":73},[63,108394,811],{"class":81},[63,108396,117],{"class":116},[63,108398,13398],{"class":120},[63,108400,117],{"class":116},[63,108402,89],{"class":81},[63,108404,824],{"class":116},[63,108406,13415],{"class":120},[63,108408,117],{"class":116},[63,108410,89],{"class":81},[63,108412,824],{"class":116},[63,108414,17752],{"class":120},[63,108416,117],{"class":116},[63,108418,846],{"class":81},[63,108420,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108422,28829],{"class":69},[63,108424,74],{"class":73},[63,108426,13429],{"class":69},[63,108428,259],{"class":81},[63,108430,26532],{"class":145},[63,108432,279],{"class":81},[63,108434,108435],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108436,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108438,108439,108441,108443,108445],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108440,140],{"class":139},[63,108442,113],{"class":81},[63,108444,23603],{"class":145},[63,108446,126],{"class":81},[63,108448,108449,108451,108453,108455],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,108450,140],{"class":139},[63,108452,113],{"class":81},[63,108454,17799],{"class":145},[63,108456,126],{"class":81},[49,108458,108460],{"id":108459},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108462,108463],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108465,2444],{},[29,108467,108468,108474,108477],{},[32,108469,108470,108471,108473],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,108472,13070],{}," removes",[32,108475,108476],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[32,108478,108479,108480,108482],{},"You should not use ",[18,108481,13070],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108484,10767,108485,108487],{},[1217,108486,4961],{}," valid:",[54,108489,108491],{"className":56,"code":108490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,108492,108493,108525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108494,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108496,36529],{"class":69},[63,108498,74],{"class":73},[63,108500,811],{"class":81},[63,108502,117],{"class":116},[63,108504,408],{"class":120},[63,108506,117],{"class":116},[63,108508,89],{"class":81},[63,108510,824],{"class":116},[63,108512,427],{"class":120},[63,108514,117],{"class":116},[63,108516,89],{"class":81},[63,108518,824],{"class":116},[63,108520,4428],{"class":120},[63,108522,117],{"class":116},[63,108524,846],{"class":81},[63,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108528,36581],{"class":69},[63,108530,259],{"class":81},[63,108532,26532],{"class":145},[63,108534,113],{"class":81},[63,108536,117],{"class":116},[63,108538,408],{"class":120},[63,108540,117],{"class":116},[63,108542,126],{"class":81},[14,108544,39943,108545,108547],{},[18,108546,108201],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108549,108550,108551,1725,108555,259],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[196,108552,108553],{"href":98309},[18,108554,102968],{},[196,108556,108558],{"href":108557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,108559,102959],{},[49,108561,108563],{"id":108562},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108565,108566],{},"Here is a simple example:",[54,108568,108570],{"className":56,"code":108569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,108571,108572,108606,108610,108626,108630,108649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108573,108574,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108602,108604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108575,108576],{"class":69},"animals ",[63,108578,74],{"class":73},[63,108580,811],{"class":81},[63,108582,117],{"class":116},[63,108584,580],{"class":120},[63,108586,117],{"class":116},[63,108588,89],{"class":81},[63,108590,824],{"class":116},[63,108592,58408],{"class":120},[63,108594,117],{"class":116},[63,108596,89],{"class":81},[63,108598,824],{"class":116},[63,108600,108601],{"class":120},"rabbit",[63,108603,117],{"class":116},[63,108605,846],{"class":81},[63,108607,108608],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108609,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108611,108612,108615,108617,108620,108622,108624],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108613,108614],{"class":69},"removed_animal ",[63,108616,74],{"class":73},[63,108618,108619],{"class":69}," animals",[63,108621,259],{"class":81},[63,108623,26532],{"class":145},[63,108625,279],{"class":81},[63,108627,108628],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108629,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108631,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644,108647],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,108633,140],{"class":139},[63,108635,113],{"class":81},[63,108637,117],{"class":116},[63,108639,29247],{"class":120},[63,108641,117],{"class":116},[63,108643,89],{"class":81},[63,108645,108646],{"class":145}," removed_animal",[63,108648,126],{"class":81},[63,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108660,108662,108664,108666],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,108652,140],{"class":139},[63,108654,113],{"class":81},[63,108656,117],{"class":116},[63,108658,108659],{"class":120},"Updated set:",[63,108661,117],{"class":116},[63,108663,89],{"class":81},[63,108665,108619],{"class":145},[63,108667,126],{"class":81},[14,108669,30321],{},[54,108671,108673],{"className":56,"code":108672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108674,108675,108684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108676,108677,108679,108681],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108678,29289],{"class":69},[63,108680,821],{"class":81},[63,108682,108683],{"class":69}," dog\n",[63,108685,108686,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707,108709],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108687,108688],{"class":69},"Updated ",[63,108690,6607],{"class":77},[63,108692,821],{"class":81},[63,108694,811],{"class":81},[63,108696,193],{"class":116},[63,108698,580],{"class":120},[63,108700,193],{"class":116},[63,108702,89],{"class":81},[63,108704,203],{"class":116},[63,108706,108601],{"class":120},[63,108708,193],{"class":116},[63,108710,846],{"class":81},[14,108712,108713],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[49,108715,108717],{"id":108716},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108719,29941,108720,108722,108723,259],{},[18,108721,13070],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108724,19983],{},[14,108726,2543],{},[54,108728,108730],{"className":56,"code":108729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108731,108732,108742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108733,108734,108736,108738,108740],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108735,342],{"class":69},[63,108737,74],{"class":73},[63,108739,15930],{"class":77},[63,108741,279],{"class":81},[63,108743,108744,108746,108748,108750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108745,357],{"class":69},[63,108747,259],{"class":81},[63,108749,26532],{"class":145},[63,108751,279],{"class":81},[14,108753,108754],{},"This raises:",[54,108756,108758],{"className":56,"code":108757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108759,108760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108761,108762,108764,108766,108768,108771],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108763,19983],{"class":77},[63,108765,821],{"class":81},[63,108767,203],{"class":116},[63,108769,108770],{"class":120},"pop from an empty set",[63,108772,29991],{"class":116},[14,108774,108775,108776,108779],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[196,108777,108778],{"href":11380},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[486,108781,108783,108784],{"id":108782},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108785,13070],{},[14,108787,108788],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[54,108790,108792],{"className":56,"code":108791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108793,108794,108804,108808,108816,108831,108850,108856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108795,108796,108798,108800,108802],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108797,342],{"class":69},[63,108799,74],{"class":73},[63,108801,15930],{"class":77},[63,108803,279],{"class":81},[63,108805,108806],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108807,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108809,108810,108812,108814],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108811,7318],{"class":1155},[63,108813,6285],{"class":69},[63,108815,6713],{"class":81},[63,108817,108818,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108819,108820],{"class":69},"    removed ",[63,108822,74],{"class":73},[63,108824,6285],{"class":69},[63,108826,259],{"class":81},[63,108828,26532],{"class":145},[63,108830,279],{"class":81},[63,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108848],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,108834,8386],{"class":139},[63,108836,113],{"class":81},[63,108838,117],{"class":116},[63,108840,29247],{"class":120},[63,108842,117],{"class":116},[63,108844,89],{"class":81},[63,108846,108847],{"class":145}," removed",[63,108849,126],{"class":81},[63,108851,108852,108854],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,108853,27724],{"class":1155},[63,108855,6713],{"class":81},[63,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864,108867,108869],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,108859,8386],{"class":139},[63,108861,113],{"class":81},[63,108863,117],{"class":116},[63,108865,108866],{"class":120},"The set is empty.",[63,108868,117],{"class":116},[63,108870,126],{"class":81},[486,108872,222,108874,4726,108876],{"id":108873},"use-try-and-except",[18,108875,30095],{},[18,108877,30126],{},[14,108879,108880],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[54,108882,108884],{"className":56,"code":108883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108885,108886,108896,108900,108906,108920,108938,108946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,108887,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,108889,342],{"class":69},[63,108891,74],{"class":73},[63,108893,15930],{"class":77},[63,108895,279],{"class":81},[63,108897,108898],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,108899,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,108901,108902,108904],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,108903,30095],{"class":1155},[63,108905,6713],{"class":81},[63,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,108909,108820],{"class":69},[63,108911,74],{"class":73},[63,108913,6285],{"class":69},[63,108915,259],{"class":81},[63,108917,26532],{"class":145},[63,108919,279],{"class":81},[63,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,108923,8386],{"class":139},[63,108925,113],{"class":81},[63,108927,117],{"class":116},[63,108929,29247],{"class":120},[63,108931,117],{"class":116},[63,108933,89],{"class":81},[63,108935,108847],{"class":145},[63,108937,126],{"class":81},[63,108939,108940,108942,108944],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,108941,30126],{"class":1155},[63,108943,30129],{"class":77},[63,108945,6713],{"class":81},[63,108947,108948,108950,108952,108954,108957,108959],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,108949,8386],{"class":139},[63,108951,113],{"class":81},[63,108953,117],{"class":116},[63,108955,108956],{"class":120},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[63,108958,117],{"class":116},[63,108960,126],{"class":81},[49,108962,5292,108964,10891,108966,10891,108968],{"id":108963},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108965,13070],{},[18,108967,55814],{},[18,108969,102954],{},[14,108971,108972],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[486,108974,222,108976],{"id":108975},"use-pop",[18,108977,13070],{},[14,108979,222,108980,1716],{},[18,108981,13070],{},[29,108983,108984,108990,108993],{},[32,108985,108986,108987],{},"You want to remove ",[1217,108988,108989],{},"any one item",[32,108991,108992],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[32,108994,108995],{},"You want the removed item returned",[54,108997,108999],{"className":56,"code":108998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,109000,109001,109021,109035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109004,70],{"class":69},[63,109006,74],{"class":73},[63,109008,811],{"class":81},[63,109010,86],{"class":85},[63,109012,89],{"class":81},[63,109014,92],{"class":85},[63,109016,89],{"class":81},[63,109018,97],{"class":85},[63,109020,846],{"class":81},[63,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109024,2782],{"class":69},[63,109026,74],{"class":73},[63,109028,4595],{"class":69},[63,109030,259],{"class":81},[63,109032,26532],{"class":145},[63,109034,279],{"class":81},[63,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109038,140],{"class":139},[63,109040,113],{"class":81},[63,109042,2807],{"class":145},[63,109044,126],{"class":81},[486,109046,222,109048],{"id":109047},"use-remove",[18,109049,55814],{},[14,109051,222,109052,1716],{},[18,109053,55814],{},[29,109055,109056,109062],{},[32,109057,109058,109059],{},"You want to delete a ",[1217,109060,109061],{},"specific item",[32,109063,109064],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[54,109066,109068],{"className":56,"code":109067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109069,109070,109090,109104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109073,70],{"class":69},[63,109075,74],{"class":73},[63,109077,811],{"class":81},[63,109079,86],{"class":85},[63,109081,89],{"class":81},[63,109083,92],{"class":85},[63,109085,89],{"class":81},[63,109087,97],{"class":85},[63,109089,846],{"class":81},[63,109091,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100,109102],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109093,146],{"class":69},[63,109095,259],{"class":81},[63,109097,35088],{"class":145},[63,109099,113],{"class":81},[63,109101,2394],{"class":85},[63,109103,126],{"class":81},[63,109105,109106,109108,109110,109112],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109107,140],{"class":139},[63,109109,113],{"class":81},[63,109111,146],{"class":145},[63,109113,126],{"class":81},[14,109115,109116,109117,109119,109120,109124],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,109118,55814],{}," raises an error. See the ",[196,109121,109122,11046],{"href":98309},[18,109123,102968],{}," for details.",[486,109126,222,109128],{"id":109127},"use-discard",[18,109129,102954],{},[14,109131,222,109132,1716],{},[18,109133,102954],{},[29,109135,109136,109140],{},[32,109137,109058,109138],{},[1217,109139,109061],{},[32,109141,109142,109143,109145],{},"You do ",[1217,109144,4961],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[54,109147,109149],{"className":56,"code":109148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,109150,109151,109171,109185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109154,70],{"class":69},[63,109156,74],{"class":73},[63,109158,811],{"class":81},[63,109160,86],{"class":85},[63,109162,89],{"class":81},[63,109164,92],{"class":85},[63,109166,89],{"class":81},[63,109168,97],{"class":85},[63,109170,846],{"class":81},[63,109172,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181,109183],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109174,146],{"class":69},[63,109176,259],{"class":81},[63,109178,103021],{"class":145},[63,109180,113],{"class":81},[63,109182,661],{"class":85},[63,109184,126],{"class":81},[63,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109188,140],{"class":139},[63,109190,113],{"class":81},[63,109192,146],{"class":145},[63,109194,126],{"class":81},[14,109196,109197,109198,109200,109201,109205],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,109199,661],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[196,109202,109203,11046],{"href":108557},[18,109204,102959],{}," for more examples.",[49,109207,3167],{"id":3166},[14,109209,71577,109210,821],{},[18,109211,108201],{},[29,109213,109214,109220,109225,109230],{},[32,109215,109216,109217],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,109218,109219],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[32,109221,8769,109222,109224],{},[18,109223,13070],{}," to remove the first or last item",[32,109226,29941,109227,109229],{},[18,109228,13070],{}," on an empty set",[32,109231,8733,109232,109234],{},[18,109233,13070],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109236,62567],{},[54,109238,109240],{"className":56,"code":109239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,109241,109242,109252,109266,109280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109245,140],{"class":139},[63,109247,113],{"class":81},[63,109249,15963],{"class":145},[63,109251,126],{"class":81},[63,109253,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109255,140],{"class":139},[63,109257,113],{"class":81},[63,109259,11468],{"class":139},[63,109261,113],{"class":81},[63,109263,15963],{"class":145},[63,109265,100],{"class":81},[63,109267,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109269,140],{"class":139},[63,109271,113],{"class":81},[63,109273,3557],{"class":77},[63,109275,113],{"class":81},[63,109277,15963],{"class":145},[63,109279,100],{"class":81},[63,109281,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,109283,28829],{"class":69},[63,109285,74],{"class":73},[63,109287,97024],{"class":69},[63,109289,259],{"class":81},[63,109291,26532],{"class":145},[63,109293,279],{"class":81},[14,109295,26299],{},[29,109297,109298,109301,109304,109307],{},[32,109299,109300],{},"What values are in the set",[32,109302,109303],{},"Whether the set is empty",[32,109305,109306],{},"That the object is really a set",[32,109308,109309],{},"What value was actually removed",[49,109311,2165],{"id":2164},[486,109313,13011,109315,109317],{"id":109314},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,109316,108201],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109319,109320,109321,109323],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,109322,13070],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[486,109325,109327,109328,2827],{"id":109326},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,109329,108201],{},[14,109331,109332,109333,109335,109336,109338],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,109334,13070],{},", set ",[18,109337,13070],{}," does not accept an index.",[486,109340,109342],{"id":109341},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109344,71746,109345,44921,109347,109349],{},[18,109346,19983],{},[18,109348,13070],{}," is called on an empty set.",[486,109351,109353],{"id":109352},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109355,222,109356,1725,109358,11398,109360,259],{},[18,109357,55814],{},[18,109359,102954],{},[18,109361,13070],{},[49,109363,2219],{"id":2218},[29,109365,109366,109370,109376,109382,109386],{},[32,109367,109368],{},[196,109369,96428],{"href":97599},[32,109371,109372],{},[196,109373,96914,109374,11046],{"href":98309},[18,109375,55814],{},[32,109377,109378],{},[196,109379,96914,109380,11046],{"href":108557},[18,109381,102954],{},[32,109383,109384],{},[196,109385,11569],{"href":11380},[32,109387,109388],{},[196,109389,55800],{"href":55353},[2259,109391,109392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":109394},[109395,109396,109398,109399,109400,109401,109407,109416,109417,109425],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":108321,"depth":103,"text":109397},"What set.pop() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":108459,"depth":103,"text":108460},{"id":108562,"depth":103,"text":108563},{"id":108716,"depth":103,"text":108717,"children":109402},[109403,109405],{"id":108782,"depth":129,"text":109404},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108873,"depth":129,"text":109406},"Use try and except",{"id":108963,"depth":103,"text":109408,"children":109409},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109410,109412,109414],{"id":108975,"depth":129,"text":109411},"Use pop()",{"id":109047,"depth":129,"text":109413},"Use remove()",{"id":109127,"depth":129,"text":109415},"Use discard()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":109418},[109419,109421,109423,109424],{"id":109314,"depth":129,"text":109420},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109326,"depth":129,"text":109422},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109341,"depth":129,"text":109342},{"id":109352,"depth":129,"text":109353},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108189,"description":109426},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109433,"title":109434,"body":109435,"description":110589,"extension":2300,"meta":110590,"navigation":132,"path":110591,"seo":110592,"stem":110593,"__hash__":110594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109436,"toc":110557},[109437,109442,109447,109456,109458,109523,109527,109551,109558,109563,109567,109582,109585,109587,109606,109620,109623,109671,109675,109691,109693,109766,109770,109795,109801,109809,109813,109820,109875,109880,109897,109903,109909,109914,109922,109929,109933,109941,109996,109998,110015,110019,110026,110091,110095,110128,110130,110142,110149,110151,110156,110163,110165,110234,110238,110246,110248,110312,110316,110321,110368,110373,110441,110449,110456,110459,110465,110470,110474,110476,110479,110481,110486,110491,110497,110502,110509,110517,110523,110526,110528,110554],[10,109438,96300,109440,11629],{"id":109439},"python-set-remove-method",[18,109441,55814],{},[14,109443,109444,109446],{},[18,109445,102968],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109448,109449,109450,109453,109454,259],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1217,109451,109452],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,109455,19983],{},[49,109457,52],{"id":51},[54,109459,109461],{"className":56,"code":109460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,109462,109463,109495,109513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109464,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109466,13381],{"class":69},[63,109468,74],{"class":73},[63,109470,811],{"class":81},[63,109472,117],{"class":116},[63,109474,13398],{"class":120},[63,109476,117],{"class":116},[63,109478,89],{"class":81},[63,109480,824],{"class":116},[63,109482,13415],{"class":120},[63,109484,117],{"class":116},[63,109486,89],{"class":81},[63,109488,824],{"class":116},[63,109490,17752],{"class":120},[63,109492,117],{"class":116},[63,109494,846],{"class":81},[63,109496,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109498,17799],{"class":69},[63,109500,259],{"class":81},[63,109502,35088],{"class":145},[63,109504,113],{"class":81},[63,109506,117],{"class":116},[63,109508,13415],{"class":120},[63,109510,117],{"class":116},[63,109512,126],{"class":81},[63,109514,109515,109517,109519,109521],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109516,140],{"class":139},[63,109518,113],{"class":81},[63,109520,17799],{"class":145},[63,109522,126],{"class":81},[14,109524,109525],{},[1217,109526,30321],{},[54,109528,109529],{"className":56,"code":103648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,109530,109531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109532,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109534,9588],{"class":81},[63,109536,193],{"class":116},[63,109538,13398],{"class":120},[63,109540,193],{"class":116},[63,109542,89],{"class":81},[63,109544,203],{"class":116},[63,109546,17752],{"class":120},[63,109548,193],{"class":116},[63,109550,846],{"class":81},[14,109552,222,109553,109555,109556,259],{},[18,109554,55814],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,109557,19983],{},[49,109559,4014,109561,4017],{"id":109560},"what-setremove-does",[18,109562,102968],{},[14,109564,109565,821],{},[18,109566,102968],{},[29,109568,109569,109572,109574,109576],{},[32,109570,109571],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[32,109573,96415],{},[32,109575,96418],{},[32,109577,109578,109579,109581],{},"Raises ",[18,109580,19983],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109583,109584],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[49,109586,263],{"id":262},[54,109588,109590],{"className":56,"code":109589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109591,109592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109593,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109595,15963],{"class":69},[63,109597,259],{"class":81},[63,109599,35088],{"class":145},[63,109601,113],{"class":81},[63,109603,2807],{"class":145},[63,109605,126],{"class":81},[29,109607,109608,109612,109617],{},[32,109609,109610,103190],{},[18,109611,15963],{},[32,109613,109614,109616],{},[18,109615,2807],{}," is the item to remove",[32,109618,109619],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109621,109622],{},"Here is a small example:",[54,109624,109625],{"className":56,"code":109067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,109626,109627,109647,109661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109628,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109630,70],{"class":69},[63,109632,74],{"class":73},[63,109634,811],{"class":81},[63,109636,86],{"class":85},[63,109638,89],{"class":81},[63,109640,92],{"class":85},[63,109642,89],{"class":81},[63,109644,97],{"class":85},[63,109646,846],{"class":81},[63,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109650,146],{"class":69},[63,109652,259],{"class":81},[63,109654,35088],{"class":145},[63,109656,113],{"class":81},[63,109658,2394],{"class":85},[63,109660,126],{"class":81},[63,109662,109663,109665,109667,109669],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109664,140],{"class":139},[63,109666,113],{"class":81},[63,109668,146],{"class":145},[63,109670,126],{"class":81},[14,109672,109673],{},[1217,109674,30321],{},[54,109676,109677],{"className":56,"code":101398,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,109678,109679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109680,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109682,9588],{"class":81},[63,109684,86],{"class":85},[63,109686,89],{"class":81},[63,109688,97],{"class":85},[63,109690,846],{"class":81},[49,109692,11783],{"id":11782},[54,109694,109696],{"className":56,"code":109695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109697,109698,109730,109734,109752,109756],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109699,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109701,36529],{"class":69},[63,109703,74],{"class":73},[63,109705,811],{"class":81},[63,109707,117],{"class":116},[63,109709,408],{"class":120},[63,109711,117],{"class":116},[63,109713,89],{"class":81},[63,109715,824],{"class":116},[63,109717,427],{"class":120},[63,109719,117],{"class":116},[63,109721,89],{"class":81},[63,109723,824],{"class":116},[63,109725,33513],{"class":120},[63,109727,117],{"class":116},[63,109729,846],{"class":81},[63,109731,109732],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109733,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,109737,36581],{"class":69},[63,109739,259],{"class":81},[63,109741,35088],{"class":145},[63,109743,113],{"class":81},[63,109745,117],{"class":116},[63,109747,427],{"class":120},[63,109749,117],{"class":116},[63,109751,126],{"class":81},[63,109753,109754],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,109755,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,109757,109758,109760,109762,109764],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,109759,140],{"class":139},[63,109761,113],{"class":81},[63,109763,36581],{"class":145},[63,109765,126],{"class":81},[14,109767,109768],{},[1217,109769,30321],{},[54,109771,109773],{"className":56,"code":109772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109774,109775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109776,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109778,9588],{"class":81},[63,109780,193],{"class":116},[63,109782,408],{"class":120},[63,109784,193],{"class":116},[63,109786,89],{"class":81},[63,109788,203],{"class":116},[63,109790,33513],{"class":120},[63,109792,193],{"class":116},[63,109794,846],{"class":81},[14,109796,109797,109798,109800],{},"This removes ",[18,109799,65371],{}," from the set.",[14,109802,109803,109804,109806,109807,259],{},"A set does ",[1217,109805,4961],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[196,109808,96432],{"href":97983},[49,109810,109812],{"id":109811},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109814,109815,109816,52787,109818,259],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109817,55814],{},[18,109819,19983],{},[54,109821,109823],{"className":56,"code":109822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109824,109825,109857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109826,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109828,13381],{"class":69},[63,109830,74],{"class":73},[63,109832,811],{"class":81},[63,109834,117],{"class":116},[63,109836,13398],{"class":120},[63,109838,117],{"class":116},[63,109840,89],{"class":81},[63,109842,824],{"class":116},[63,109844,13415],{"class":120},[63,109846,117],{"class":116},[63,109848,89],{"class":81},[63,109850,824],{"class":116},[63,109852,17752],{"class":120},[63,109854,117],{"class":116},[63,109856,846],{"class":81},[63,109858,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109860,17799],{"class":69},[63,109862,259],{"class":81},[63,109864,35088],{"class":145},[63,109866,113],{"class":81},[63,109868,117],{"class":116},[63,109870,22817],{"class":120},[63,109872,117],{"class":116},[63,109874,126],{"class":81},[14,109876,109877],{},[1217,109878,109879],{},"Result:",[54,109881,109883],{"className":56,"code":109882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109884,109885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109886,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109888,19983],{"class":77},[63,109890,821],{"class":81},[63,109892,203],{"class":116},[63,109894,22817],{"class":120},[63,109896,29991],{"class":116},[14,109898,22483,109899,109902],{},[18,109900,109901],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109904,109905,109906,109908],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109907,55814],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109910,109911,109912,259],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[196,109913,11569],{"href":11380},[49,109915,4530,109917,109919,109920],{"id":109916},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109918,55814],{}," is different from ",[18,109921,102954],{},[14,109923,109924,4726,109926,109928],{},[18,109925,55814],{},[18,109927,102954],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[486,109930,109931],{"id":35088},[18,109932,55814],{},[29,109934,109935,109938],{},[32,109936,109937],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[32,109939,109940],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[54,109942,109944],{"className":56,"code":109943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109945,109946,109978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,109949,106],{"class":69},[63,109951,74],{"class":73},[63,109953,811],{"class":81},[63,109955,117],{"class":116},[63,109957,196],{"class":120},[63,109959,117],{"class":116},[63,109961,89],{"class":81},[63,109963,824],{"class":116},[63,109965,206],{"class":120},[63,109967,117],{"class":116},[63,109969,89],{"class":81},[63,109971,824],{"class":116},[63,109973,215],{"class":120},[63,109975,117],{"class":116},[63,109977,846],{"class":81},[63,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,109981,158],{"class":69},[63,109983,259],{"class":81},[63,109985,35088],{"class":145},[63,109987,113],{"class":81},[63,109989,117],{"class":116},[63,109991,19063],{"class":120},[63,109993,117],{"class":116},[63,109995,126],{"class":81},[14,109997,108754],{},[54,109999,110001],{"className":56,"code":110000,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,110002,110003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110004,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110006,19983],{"class":77},[63,110008,821],{"class":81},[63,110010,203],{"class":116},[63,110012,19063],{"class":120},[63,110014,29991],{"class":116},[486,110016,110017],{"id":103021},[18,110018,102954],{},[29,110020,110021,110023],{},[32,110022,109937],{},[32,110024,110025],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[54,110027,110029],{"className":56,"code":110028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,110030,110031,110063,110081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110032,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110034,106],{"class":69},[63,110036,74],{"class":73},[63,110038,811],{"class":81},[63,110040,117],{"class":116},[63,110042,196],{"class":120},[63,110044,117],{"class":116},[63,110046,89],{"class":81},[63,110048,824],{"class":116},[63,110050,206],{"class":120},[63,110052,117],{"class":116},[63,110054,89],{"class":81},[63,110056,824],{"class":116},[63,110058,215],{"class":120},[63,110060,117],{"class":116},[63,110062,846],{"class":81},[63,110064,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110066,158],{"class":69},[63,110068,259],{"class":81},[63,110070,103021],{"class":145},[63,110072,113],{"class":81},[63,110074,117],{"class":116},[63,110076,19063],{"class":120},[63,110078,117],{"class":116},[63,110080,126],{"class":81},[63,110082,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110084,140],{"class":139},[63,110086,113],{"class":81},[63,110088,158],{"class":145},[63,110090,126],{"class":81},[14,110092,110093],{},[1217,110094,163],{},[54,110096,110098],{"className":56,"code":110097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,110099,110100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110101,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110103,9588],{"class":81},[63,110105,193],{"class":116},[63,110107,196],{"class":120},[63,110109,193],{"class":116},[63,110111,89],{"class":81},[63,110113,203],{"class":116},[63,110115,206],{"class":120},[63,110117,193],{"class":116},[63,110119,89],{"class":81},[63,110121,203],{"class":116},[63,110123,215],{"class":120},[63,110125,193],{"class":116},[63,110127,846],{"class":81},[14,110129,1937],{},[29,110131,110132,110137],{},[32,110133,110134,110136],{},[18,110135,55814],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[32,110138,110139,110141],{},[18,110140,102954],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110143,110144,110145,259],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[196,110146,96914,110147,11046],{"href":108557},[18,110148,102954],{},[49,110150,1888],{"id":1887},[486,110152,8769,110154,97294],{"id":110153},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,110155,55814],{},[14,110157,110158,110160,110161,259],{},[18,110159,55814],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,110162,4115],{},[14,110164,16941],{},[54,110166,110168],{"className":56,"code":110167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,110169,110170,110202,110224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110171,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110173,13381],{"class":69},[63,110175,74],{"class":73},[63,110177,811],{"class":81},[63,110179,117],{"class":116},[63,110181,13398],{"class":120},[63,110183,117],{"class":116},[63,110185,89],{"class":81},[63,110187,824],{"class":116},[63,110189,13415],{"class":120},[63,110191,117],{"class":116},[63,110193,89],{"class":81},[63,110195,824],{"class":116},[63,110197,17752],{"class":120},[63,110199,117],{"class":116},[63,110201,846],{"class":81},[63,110203,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110205,13424],{"class":69},[63,110207,74],{"class":73},[63,110209,13429],{"class":69},[63,110211,259],{"class":81},[63,110213,35088],{"class":145},[63,110215,113],{"class":81},[63,110217,117],{"class":116},[63,110219,13415],{"class":120},[63,110221,117],{"class":116},[63,110223,126],{"class":81},[63,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110227,140],{"class":139},[63,110229,113],{"class":81},[63,110231,13448],{"class":145},[63,110233,126],{"class":81},[14,110235,110236],{},[1217,110237,163],{},[54,110239,110240],{"className":56,"code":12117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,110241,110242],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110243,110244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110245,12117],{"class":1205},[14,110247,16953],{},[54,110249,110250],{"className":56,"code":109460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,110251,110252,110284,110302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110253,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110255,13381],{"class":69},[63,110257,74],{"class":73},[63,110259,811],{"class":81},[63,110261,117],{"class":116},[63,110263,13398],{"class":120},[63,110265,117],{"class":116},[63,110267,89],{"class":81},[63,110269,824],{"class":116},[63,110271,13415],{"class":120},[63,110273,117],{"class":116},[63,110275,89],{"class":81},[63,110277,824],{"class":116},[63,110279,17752],{"class":120},[63,110281,117],{"class":116},[63,110283,846],{"class":81},[63,110285,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110287,17799],{"class":69},[63,110289,259],{"class":81},[63,110291,35088],{"class":145},[63,110293,113],{"class":81},[63,110295,117],{"class":116},[63,110297,13415],{"class":120},[63,110299,117],{"class":116},[63,110301,126],{"class":81},[63,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110305,140],{"class":139},[63,110307,113],{"class":81},[63,110309,17799],{"class":145},[63,110311,126],{"class":81},[486,110313,110315],{"id":110314},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110317,110318,110319,259],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,110320,19983],{},[54,110322,110324],{"className":56,"code":110323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110325,110326,110350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110329,13381],{"class":69},[63,110331,74],{"class":73},[63,110333,811],{"class":81},[63,110335,117],{"class":116},[63,110337,13398],{"class":120},[63,110339,117],{"class":116},[63,110341,89],{"class":81},[63,110343,824],{"class":116},[63,110345,13415],{"class":120},[63,110347,117],{"class":116},[63,110349,846],{"class":81},[63,110351,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110353,17799],{"class":69},[63,110355,259],{"class":81},[63,110357,35088],{"class":145},[63,110359,113],{"class":81},[63,110361,117],{"class":116},[63,110363,17752],{"class":120},[63,110365,117],{"class":116},[63,110367,126],{"class":81},[14,110369,110370,110371,821],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,110372,4217],{},[54,110374,110376],{"className":56,"code":110375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,110377,110378,110402,110406,110422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110379,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110381,13381],{"class":69},[63,110383,74],{"class":73},[63,110385,811],{"class":81},[63,110387,117],{"class":116},[63,110389,13398],{"class":120},[63,110391,117],{"class":116},[63,110393,89],{"class":81},[63,110395,824],{"class":116},[63,110397,13415],{"class":120},[63,110399,117],{"class":116},[63,110401,846],{"class":81},[63,110403,110404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110405,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,110407,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110409,7318],{"class":1155},[63,110411,824],{"class":116},[63,110413,17752],{"class":120},[63,110415,117],{"class":116},[63,110417,21468],{"class":73},[63,110419,13429],{"class":69},[63,110421,6713],{"class":81},[63,110423,110424,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,110425,110426],{"class":69},"    colors",[63,110428,259],{"class":81},[63,110430,35088],{"class":145},[63,110432,113],{"class":81},[63,110434,117],{"class":116},[63,110436,17752],{"class":120},[63,110438,117],{"class":116},[63,110440,126],{"class":81},[14,110442,110443,110444,110448],{},"Or use ",[196,110445,110446],{"href":108557},[18,110447,102954],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[486,110450,37494,110452,9021,110454],{"id":110451},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,110453,102968],{},[18,110455,55361],{},[14,110457,110458],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110460,110461,110462,110464],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,110463,102968],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110466,110467,110468,259],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[196,110469,99178],{"href":99177},[486,110471,110473],{"id":110472},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110475,108463],{},[14,110477,110478],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[49,110480,2165],{"id":2164},[486,110482,13011,110484,97393],{"id":110483},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,110485,102968],{},[14,110487,110488,110489,259],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,110490,4115],{},[486,110492,30579,110494,110496],{"id":110493},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,110495,102968],{}," raise?",[14,110498,30585,110499,110501],{},[18,110500,19983],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[486,110503,21715,110505,1725,110507,2827],{"id":110504},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,110506,55814],{},[18,110508,102954],{},[14,110510,222,110511,110513,110514,110516],{},[18,110512,55814],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,110515,102954],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[486,110518,5497,110520,110522],{"id":110519},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,110521,102968],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110524,110525],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[49,110527,2219],{"id":2218},[29,110529,110530,110536,110542,110546,110550],{},[32,110531,110532],{},[196,110533,96914,110534,11046],{"href":108557},[18,110535,102954],{},[32,110537,110538],{},[196,110539,96914,110540,11046],{"href":98314},[18,110541,13070],{},[32,110543,110544],{},[196,110545,97438],{"href":97983},[32,110547,110548],{},[196,110549,100444],{"href":99177},[32,110551,110552],{},[196,110553,11569],{"href":11380},[2259,110555,110556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":110558},[110559,110560,110562,110563,110564,110565,110570,110578,110588],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":109560,"depth":103,"text":110561},"What set.remove() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":109811,"depth":103,"text":109812},{"id":109916,"depth":103,"text":110566,"children":110567},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110568,110569],{"id":35088,"depth":129,"text":55814},{"id":103021,"depth":129,"text":102954},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":110571},[110572,110574,110575,110577],{"id":110153,"depth":129,"text":110573},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110314,"depth":129,"text":110315},{"id":110451,"depth":129,"text":110576},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110472,"depth":129,"text":110473},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":110579},[110580,110582,110584,110586],{"id":110483,"depth":129,"text":110581},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110493,"depth":129,"text":110583},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110504,"depth":129,"text":110585},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110519,"depth":129,"text":110587},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109434,"description":110589},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110596,"title":110597,"body":110598,"description":111971,"extension":2300,"meta":111972,"navigation":132,"path":111973,"seo":111974,"stem":111975,"__hash__":111976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110599,"toc":111946},[110600,110606,110612,110615,110618,110632,110634,110715,110718,110723,110727,110741,110748,110750,110769,110772,110790,110792,110872,110874,110899,110903,110906,110914,110919,110924,110926,110939,110944,110947,110971,110974,110982,110984,110987,111084,111086,111119,111121,111147,111154,111157,111161,111169,111173,111181,111183,111273,111275,111289,111296,111301,111306,111308,111399,111401,111413,111415,111429,111435,111443,111445,111527,111529,111574,111577,111585,111588,111590,111594,111637,111639,111659,111664,111666,111751,111753,111758,111760,111767,111775,111781,111784,111786,111872,111874,111898,111902,111905,111907,111934,111944],[10,110601,96300,110603,11629],{"id":110602},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110604,110605],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110607,110608,110611],{},[18,110609,110610],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110613,110614],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110616,110617],{},"Use it when:",[29,110619,110620,110623,110629],{},[32,110621,110622],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[32,110624,110625,110626,110628],{},"you do ",[1217,110627,4961],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[32,110630,110631],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[49,110633,3946],{"id":3945},[54,110635,110637],{"className":56,"code":110636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110638,110639,110659,110679,110683,110702],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110640,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110642,2890],{"class":69},[63,110644,74],{"class":73},[63,110646,811],{"class":81},[63,110648,86],{"class":85},[63,110650,89],{"class":81},[63,110652,92],{"class":85},[63,110654,89],{"class":81},[63,110656,97],{"class":85},[63,110658,846],{"class":81},[63,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110662,2918],{"class":69},[63,110664,74],{"class":73},[63,110666,811],{"class":81},[63,110668,1248],{"class":85},[63,110670,89],{"class":81},[63,110672,705],{"class":85},[63,110674,89],{"class":81},[63,110676,4935],{"class":85},[63,110678,846],{"class":81},[63,110680,110681],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110682,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,110684,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110696,110698,110700],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,110686,851],{"class":69},[63,110688,74],{"class":73},[63,110690,57168],{"class":69},[63,110692,259],{"class":81},[63,110694,110695],{"class":145},"symmetric_difference",[63,110697,113],{"class":81},[63,110699,206],{"class":145},[63,110701,126],{"class":81},[63,110703,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,110705,140],{"class":139},[63,110707,113],{"class":81},[63,110709,875],{"class":145},[63,110711,3997],{"class":81},[63,110713,110714],{"class":1910},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110716,110717],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[49,110719,4014,110721,4017],{"id":110720},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110722,110605],{},[14,110724,110725,821],{},[18,110726,110610],{},[29,110728,110729,110732,110735,110738],{},[32,110730,110731],{},"returns a new set",[32,110733,110734],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[32,110736,110737],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[32,110739,110740],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110742,96424,110743,1725,110745,259],{},[196,110744,96428],{"href":96427},[196,110746,110747],{"href":96431},"creating a set in Python",[49,110749,263],{"id":262},[54,110751,110753],{"className":56,"code":110752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110754,110755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110756,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110758,100685],{"class":69},[63,110760,259],{"class":81},[63,110762,110695],{"class":145},[63,110764,113],{"class":81},[63,110766,100694],{"class":145},[63,110768,126],{"class":81},[14,110770,110771],{},"Notes:",[29,110773,110774,110779,110784,110787],{},[32,110775,110776,110778],{},[18,110777,100685],{}," must be a set",[32,110780,110781,110783],{},[18,110782,100694],{}," can be any iterable",[32,110785,110786],{},"the result is always a set",[32,110788,110789],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110791,2543],{},[54,110793,110795],{"className":56,"code":110794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110796,110797,110818,110839,110843,110862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110798,110799,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110800,110801],{"class":69},"set1 ",[63,110803,74],{"class":73},[63,110805,811],{"class":81},[63,110807,86],{"class":85},[63,110809,89],{"class":81},[63,110811,92],{"class":85},[63,110813,89],{"class":81},[63,110815,97],{"class":85},[63,110817,846],{"class":81},[63,110819,110820,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,110821,110822],{"class":69},"set2 ",[63,110824,74],{"class":73},[63,110826,811],{"class":81},[63,110828,1248],{"class":85},[63,110830,89],{"class":81},[63,110832,705],{"class":85},[63,110834,89],{"class":81},[63,110836,4935],{"class":85},[63,110838,846],{"class":81},[63,110840,110841],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,110842,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,110844,110845,110847,110849,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,110846,851],{"class":69},[63,110848,74],{"class":73},[63,110850,110851],{"class":69}," set1",[63,110853,259],{"class":81},[63,110855,110695],{"class":145},[63,110857,113],{"class":81},[63,110859,100694],{"class":145},[63,110861,126],{"class":81},[63,110863,110864,110866,110868,110870],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,110865,140],{"class":139},[63,110867,113],{"class":81},[63,110869,875],{"class":145},[63,110871,126],{"class":81},[14,110873,163],{},[54,110875,110877],{"className":56,"code":110876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110878,110879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110882,9588],{"class":81},[63,110884,86],{"class":85},[63,110886,89],{"class":81},[63,110888,92],{"class":85},[63,110890,89],{"class":81},[63,110892,705],{"class":85},[63,110894,89],{"class":81},[63,110896,4935],{"class":85},[63,110898,846],{"class":81},[49,110900,110902],{"id":110901},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110904,110905],{},"The result includes:",[29,110907,110908,110911],{},[32,110909,110910],{},"items only in the first set",[32,110912,110913],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110915,110916,110917,11389],{},"The result does ",[1217,110918,4961],{},[29,110920,110921],{},[32,110922,110923],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110925,5794],{},[29,110927,110928,110933],{},[32,110929,110930,110931],{},"first set: ",[18,110932,100382],{},[32,110934,110935,110936],{},"second set: ",[18,110937,110938],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110940,4382,110941,110943],{},[18,110942,1248],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110945,110946],{},"The output is:",[54,110948,110949],{"className":56,"code":110876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,110950,110951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110952,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110954,9588],{"class":81},[63,110956,86],{"class":85},[63,110958,89],{"class":81},[63,110960,92],{"class":85},[63,110962,89],{"class":81},[63,110964,705],{"class":85},[63,110966,89],{"class":81},[63,110968,4935],{"class":85},[63,110970,846],{"class":81},[14,110972,110973],{},"Also remember:",[29,110975,110976,110979],{},[32,110977,110978],{},"sets are unordered",[32,110980,110981],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[49,110983,11783],{"id":11782},[14,110985,110986],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[54,110988,110990],{"className":56,"code":110989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110991,110992,111024,111048,111052,111070,111074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,110993,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,110995,107125],{"class":69},[63,110997,74],{"class":73},[63,110999,811],{"class":81},[63,111001,117],{"class":116},[63,111003,13398],{"class":120},[63,111005,117],{"class":116},[63,111007,89],{"class":81},[63,111009,824],{"class":116},[63,111011,13415],{"class":120},[63,111013,117],{"class":116},[63,111015,89],{"class":81},[63,111017,824],{"class":116},[63,111019,17752],{"class":120},[63,111021,117],{"class":116},[63,111023,846],{"class":81},[63,111025,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111027,107158],{"class":69},[63,111029,74],{"class":73},[63,111031,811],{"class":81},[63,111033,117],{"class":116},[63,111035,17752],{"class":120},[63,111037,117],{"class":116},[63,111039,89],{"class":81},[63,111041,824],{"class":116},[63,111043,22817],{"class":120},[63,111045,117],{"class":116},[63,111047,846],{"class":81},[63,111049,111050],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111051,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111053,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111055,851],{"class":69},[63,111057,74],{"class":73},[63,111059,107200],{"class":69},[63,111061,259],{"class":81},[63,111063,110695],{"class":145},[63,111065,113],{"class":81},[63,111067,107209],{"class":145},[63,111069,126],{"class":81},[63,111071,111072],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111073,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111075,111076,111078,111080,111082],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,111077,140],{"class":139},[63,111079,113],{"class":81},[63,111081,875],{"class":145},[63,111083,126],{"class":81},[14,111085,163],{},[54,111087,111089],{"className":56,"code":111088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,111090,111091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111092,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111094,9588],{"class":81},[63,111096,193],{"class":116},[63,111098,13398],{"class":120},[63,111100,193],{"class":116},[63,111102,89],{"class":81},[63,111104,203],{"class":116},[63,111106,13415],{"class":120},[63,111108,193],{"class":116},[63,111110,89],{"class":81},[63,111112,203],{"class":116},[63,111114,22817],{"class":120},[63,111116,193],{"class":116},[63,111118,846],{"class":81},[14,111120,13714],{},[29,111122,111123,111128,111139],{},[32,111124,111125,111127],{},[18,111126,96593],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[32,111129,111130,4726,111132,111135,111136,111138],{},[18,111131,65489],{},[18,111133,111134],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,111137,107262],{},", so they stay",[32,111140,111141,111143,111144,111146],{},[18,111142,109901],{}," is only in ",[18,111145,107209],{},", so it stays",[49,111148,111150,10891,111152],{"id":111149},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,111151,110605],{},[18,111153,100514],{},[14,111155,111156],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111158,111159,821],{},[18,111160,100514],{},[29,111162,111163,111166],{},[32,111164,111165],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[32,111167,111168],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111170,111171,821],{},[18,111172,110605],{},[29,111174,111175,111178],{},[32,111176,111177],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[32,111179,111180],{},"removes shared items",[14,111182,2543],{},[54,111184,111186],{"className":56,"code":111185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111187,111188,111208,111228,111232,111253],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111189,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111191,2890],{"class":69},[63,111193,74],{"class":73},[63,111195,811],{"class":81},[63,111197,86],{"class":85},[63,111199,89],{"class":81},[63,111201,92],{"class":85},[63,111203,89],{"class":81},[63,111205,97],{"class":85},[63,111207,846],{"class":81},[63,111209,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111211,2918],{"class":69},[63,111213,74],{"class":73},[63,111215,811],{"class":81},[63,111217,1248],{"class":85},[63,111219,89],{"class":81},[63,111221,705],{"class":85},[63,111223,89],{"class":81},[63,111225,4935],{"class":85},[63,111227,846],{"class":81},[63,111229,111230],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111231,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111233,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111235,140],{"class":139},[63,111237,113],{"class":81},[63,111239,196],{"class":145},[63,111241,259],{"class":81},[63,111243,3148],{"class":145},[63,111245,113],{"class":81},[63,111247,206],{"class":145},[63,111249,5683],{"class":81},[63,111251,111252],{"class":1910},"            # {1, 2}\n",[63,111254,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111256,140],{"class":139},[63,111258,113],{"class":81},[63,111260,196],{"class":145},[63,111262,259],{"class":81},[63,111264,110695],{"class":145},[63,111266,113],{"class":81},[63,111268,206],{"class":145},[63,111270,5683],{"class":81},[63,111272,110714],{"class":1910},[14,111274,1937],{},[29,111276,111277,111284],{},[32,111278,111279,111283],{},[196,111280,111281],{"href":102940},[18,111282,100514],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[32,111285,111286,111288],{},[18,111287,110605],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[49,111290,111292,10891,111294],{"id":111291},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,111293,110605],{},[18,111295,102899],{},[14,111297,111298,111300],{},[18,111299,102899],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111302,111303,111305],{},[18,111304,110605],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111307,2543],{},[54,111309,111311],{"className":56,"code":111310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111312,111313,111333,111353,111357,111379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111314,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111316,2890],{"class":69},[63,111318,74],{"class":73},[63,111320,811],{"class":81},[63,111322,86],{"class":85},[63,111324,89],{"class":81},[63,111326,92],{"class":85},[63,111328,89],{"class":81},[63,111330,97],{"class":85},[63,111332,846],{"class":81},[63,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111336,2918],{"class":69},[63,111338,74],{"class":73},[63,111340,811],{"class":81},[63,111342,1248],{"class":85},[63,111344,89],{"class":81},[63,111346,705],{"class":85},[63,111348,89],{"class":81},[63,111350,4935],{"class":85},[63,111352,846],{"class":81},[63,111354,111355],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111356,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111358,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111360,140],{"class":139},[63,111362,113],{"class":81},[63,111364,196],{"class":145},[63,111366,259],{"class":81},[63,111368,111369],{"class":145},"union",[63,111371,113],{"class":81},[63,111373,206],{"class":145},[63,111375,5683],{"class":81},[63,111377,111378],{"class":1910},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[63,111380,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111382,140],{"class":139},[63,111384,113],{"class":81},[63,111386,196],{"class":145},[63,111388,259],{"class":81},[63,111390,110695],{"class":145},[63,111392,113],{"class":81},[63,111394,206],{"class":145},[63,111396,5683],{"class":81},[63,111398,110714],{"class":1910},[14,111400,27511],{},[29,111402,111403,111408],{},[32,111404,111405,111407],{},[18,111406,102899],{}," includes everything",[32,111409,111410,111412],{},[18,111411,110605],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111414,1937],{},[29,111416,111417,111424],{},[32,111418,111419,111423],{},[196,111420,111421],{"href":107830},[18,111422,102899],{}," when overlap does not matter",[32,111425,111426,111428],{},[18,111427,110605],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[49,111430,36903,111432,101698],{"id":111431},"using-the-operator",[18,111433,111434],{},"^",[14,111436,111437,111438,111440,111441,259],{},"For sets, the ",[18,111439,111434],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,111442,110605],{},[14,111444,2543],{},[54,111446,111448],{"className":56,"code":111447,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,111449,111450,111470,111490,111494,111512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111451,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111453,110801],{"class":69},[63,111455,74],{"class":73},[63,111457,811],{"class":81},[63,111459,86],{"class":85},[63,111461,89],{"class":81},[63,111463,92],{"class":85},[63,111465,89],{"class":81},[63,111467,97],{"class":85},[63,111469,846],{"class":81},[63,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111473,110822],{"class":69},[63,111475,74],{"class":73},[63,111477,811],{"class":81},[63,111479,1248],{"class":85},[63,111481,89],{"class":81},[63,111483,705],{"class":85},[63,111485,89],{"class":81},[63,111487,4935],{"class":85},[63,111489,846],{"class":81},[63,111491,111492],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111493,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111495,111496,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111497,140],{"class":139},[63,111499,113],{"class":81},[63,111501,100685],{"class":145},[63,111503,259],{"class":81},[63,111505,110695],{"class":145},[63,111507,113],{"class":81},[63,111509,100694],{"class":145},[63,111511,100],{"class":81},[63,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111525],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111515,140],{"class":139},[63,111517,113],{"class":81},[63,111519,110801],{"class":145},[63,111521,111434],{"class":73},[63,111523,111524],{"class":145}," set2",[63,111526,126],{"class":81},[14,111528,30321],{},[54,111530,111532],{"className":56,"code":111531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,111533,111534,111554],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111535,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111537,9588],{"class":81},[63,111539,86],{"class":85},[63,111541,89],{"class":81},[63,111543,92],{"class":85},[63,111545,89],{"class":81},[63,111547,705],{"class":85},[63,111549,89],{"class":81},[63,111551,4935],{"class":85},[63,111553,846],{"class":81},[63,111555,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111557,9588],{"class":81},[63,111559,86],{"class":85},[63,111561,89],{"class":81},[63,111563,92],{"class":85},[63,111565,89],{"class":81},[63,111567,705],{"class":85},[63,111569,89],{"class":81},[63,111571,4935],{"class":85},[63,111573,846],{"class":81},[14,111575,111576],{},"Both forms:",[29,111578,111579,111582],{},[32,111580,111581],{},"return a new set",[32,111583,111584],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111586,111587],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[49,111589,1888],{"id":1887},[14,111591,21506,111592,821],{},[18,111593,110605],{},[29,111595,111596,111604,111614,111629],{},[32,111597,111598,111601,111603],{},[1217,111599,111600],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10153,111602],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[32,111605,111606,111609,111611,111613],{},[1217,111607,111608],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10153,111610],{},[18,111612,110605],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[32,111615,111616,111621,111623,111625,111626,111628],{},[1217,111617,111618,111619],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111620,100514],{},[10153,111622],{},[18,111624,100514],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111627,110605],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[32,111630,111631,111634,111636],{},[1217,111632,111633],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10153,111635],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111638,59143],{},[29,111640,111641,111650,111653,111656],{},[32,111642,50784,111643,44921,111645,111649],{},[18,111644,110605],{},[196,111646,111647],{"href":107830},[18,111648,102899],{}," is actually needed",[32,111651,111652],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[32,111654,111655],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[32,111657,111658],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111660,111661,111662,259],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[196,111663,99178],{"href":105443},[14,111665,62567],{},[54,111667,111669],{"className":56,"code":111668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111670,111671,111681,111691,111709,111723,111737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111672,111673,111675,111677,111679],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111674,140],{"class":139},[63,111676,113],{"class":81},[63,111678,100685],{"class":145},[63,111680,126],{"class":81},[63,111682,111683,111685,111687,111689],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111684,140],{"class":139},[63,111686,113],{"class":81},[63,111688,100694],{"class":145},[63,111690,126],{"class":81},[63,111692,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111694,140],{"class":139},[63,111696,113],{"class":81},[63,111698,100685],{"class":145},[63,111700,259],{"class":81},[63,111702,110695],{"class":145},[63,111704,113],{"class":81},[63,111706,100694],{"class":145},[63,111708,100],{"class":81},[63,111710,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111712,140],{"class":139},[63,111714,113],{"class":81},[63,111716,110801],{"class":145},[63,111718,111434],{"class":73},[63,111720,111524],{"class":145},[63,111722,126],{"class":81},[63,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111726,140],{"class":139},[63,111728,113],{"class":81},[63,111730,3557],{"class":77},[63,111732,113],{"class":81},[63,111734,100685],{"class":145},[63,111736,100],{"class":81},[63,111738,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,111740,140],{"class":139},[63,111742,113],{"class":81},[63,111744,3557],{"class":77},[63,111746,113],{"class":81},[63,111748,100694],{"class":145},[63,111750,100],{"class":81},[49,111752,2165],{"id":2164},[486,111754,13011,111756,102839],{"id":111755},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111757,110605],{},[14,111759,102842],{},[486,111761,2169,111763,4726,111765,2827],{"id":111762},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111764,110605],{},[18,111766,100514],{},[14,111768,111769,111771,111772,111774],{},[18,111770,100514],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111773,110605],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[486,111776,28619,111778,111780],{"id":111777},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111779,110605],{}," with lists?",[14,111782,111783],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111785,2543],{},[54,111787,111789],{"className":56,"code":111788,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111790,111791,111811,111831,111835,111862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111794,80755],{"class":69},[63,111796,74],{"class":73},[63,111798,1091],{"class":81},[63,111800,86],{"class":85},[63,111802,89],{"class":81},[63,111804,92],{"class":85},[63,111806,89],{"class":81},[63,111808,97],{"class":85},[63,111810,186],{"class":81},[63,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,111814,80776],{"class":69},[63,111816,74],{"class":73},[63,111818,1091],{"class":81},[63,111820,1248],{"class":85},[63,111822,89],{"class":81},[63,111824,705],{"class":85},[63,111826,89],{"class":81},[63,111828,4935],{"class":85},[63,111830,186],{"class":81},[63,111832,111833],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,111834,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,111836,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,111838,851],{"class":69},[63,111840,74],{"class":73},[63,111842,15930],{"class":77},[63,111844,113],{"class":81},[63,111846,111847],{"class":145},"list1",[63,111849,8948],{"class":81},[63,111851,110695],{"class":145},[63,111853,113],{"class":81},[63,111855,6607],{"class":77},[63,111857,113],{"class":81},[63,111859,81042],{"class":145},[63,111861,100],{"class":81},[63,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,111865,140],{"class":139},[63,111867,113],{"class":81},[63,111869,875],{"class":145},[63,111871,126],{"class":81},[14,111873,163],{},[54,111875,111876],{"className":56,"code":110876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,111877,111878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,111879,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,111881,9588],{"class":81},[63,111883,86],{"class":85},[63,111885,89],{"class":81},[63,111887,92],{"class":85},[63,111889,89],{"class":81},[63,111891,705],{"class":85},[63,111893,89],{"class":81},[63,111895,4935],{"class":85},[63,111897,846],{"class":81},[486,111899,111901],{"id":111900},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111903,111904],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[49,111906,2219],{"id":2218},[29,111908,111909,111913,111918,111924,111930],{},[32,111910,111911],{},[196,111912,96428],{"href":96427},[32,111914,111915],{},[196,111916,111917],{"href":96431},"Creating a set in Python",[32,111919,111920],{},[196,111921,96914,111922,11046],{"href":102940},[18,111923,100514],{},[32,111925,111926],{},[196,111927,96914,111928,11046],{"href":107830},[18,111929,102899],{},[32,111931,111932],{},[196,111933,100444],{"href":105443},[14,111935,111936,111937,2524,111939,17369,111941,111943],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111938,100514],{},[18,111940,102899],{},[18,111942,110605],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2259,111945,57522],{},{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":111947},[111948,111949,111951,111952,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111961,111970],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":110720,"depth":103,"text":111950},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":110901,"depth":103,"text":110902},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":111149,"depth":103,"text":111955},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111291,"depth":103,"text":111957},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111431,"depth":103,"text":111959},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":111962},[111963,111965,111967,111969],{"id":111755,"depth":129,"text":111964},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111762,"depth":129,"text":111966},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111777,"depth":129,"text":111968},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111900,"depth":129,"text":111901},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110597,"description":111971},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111978,"title":111979,"body":111980,"description":114043,"extension":2300,"meta":114044,"navigation":132,"path":107830,"seo":114045,"stem":114046,"__hash__":114047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111981,"toc":114002},[111982,111987,111992,111995,112008,112010,112092,112097,112102,112106,112118,112121,112125,112127,112154,112156,112167,112170,112239,112241,112247,112250,112260,112262,112351,112356,112358,112365,112368,112370,112373,112493,112495,112564,112567,112584,112589,112592,112708,112710,112739,112742,112748,112753,112757,112838,112840,112868,112873,112877,112972,112974,113015,113019,113022,113089,113091,113132,113138,113153,113160,113167,113171,113177,113263,113267,113275,113346,113351,113358,113360,113366,113368,113433,113435,113451,113456,113459,113528,113532,113535,113594,113597,113601,113654,113667,113670,113723,113727,113729,113760,113763,113768,113821,113825,113828,113849,113861,113863,113916,113918,113923,113925,113931,113934,113940,113945,113949,113952,113960,113969,113971,113999],[10,111983,3912,111985,11629],{"id":111984},"python-setunion-method",[18,111986,108143],{},[14,111988,111989,111991],{},[18,111990,108143],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111993,111994],{},"It is useful when you want:",[29,111996,111997,112000,112005],{},[32,111998,111999],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[32,112001,2890,112002,112004],{},[1217,112003,100869],{}," as the result",[32,112006,112007],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[49,112009,52],{"id":51},[54,112011,112013],{"className":56,"code":112012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112014,112015,112035,112055,112059,112077,112087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112016,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112018,110801],{"class":69},[63,112020,74],{"class":73},[63,112022,811],{"class":81},[63,112024,86],{"class":85},[63,112026,89],{"class":81},[63,112028,92],{"class":85},[63,112030,89],{"class":81},[63,112032,97],{"class":85},[63,112034,846],{"class":81},[63,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112038,110822],{"class":69},[63,112040,74],{"class":73},[63,112042,811],{"class":81},[63,112044,1248],{"class":85},[63,112046,89],{"class":81},[63,112048,705],{"class":85},[63,112050,89],{"class":81},[63,112052,4935],{"class":85},[63,112054,846],{"class":81},[63,112056,112057],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112058,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112060,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112062,851],{"class":69},[63,112064,74],{"class":73},[63,112066,110851],{"class":69},[63,112068,259],{"class":81},[63,112070,111369],{"class":145},[63,112072,113],{"class":81},[63,112074,100694],{"class":145},[63,112076,126],{"class":81},[63,112078,112079,112081,112083,112085],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112080,140],{"class":139},[63,112082,113],{"class":81},[63,112084,875],{"class":145},[63,112086,126],{"class":81},[63,112088,112089],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,112090,112091],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112093,112094,112096],{},[18,112095,102899],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[49,112098,4014,112100,4017],{"id":112099},"what-setunion-does",[18,112101,108143],{},[14,112103,112104,821],{},[18,112105,108143],{},[29,112107,112108,112111,112114,112116],{},[32,112109,112110],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[32,112112,112113],{},"keeps only unique values",[32,112115,110731],{},[32,112117,110740],{},[14,112119,112120],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112122,96424,112123,259],{},[196,112124,96428],{"href":97599},[49,112126,263],{"id":262},[54,112128,112130],{"className":56,"code":112129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,112131,112132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112133,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112135,100685],{"class":69},[63,112137,259],{"class":81},[63,112139,111369],{"class":145},[63,112141,113],{"class":81},[63,112143,100694],{"class":145},[63,112145,89],{"class":81},[63,112147,100721],{"class":145},[63,112149,89],{"class":81},[63,112151,34747],{"class":139},[63,112153,126],{"class":81},[14,112155,13357],{},[29,112157,112158,112161,112164],{},[32,112159,112160],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[32,112162,112163],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[32,112165,112166],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112168,112169],{},"Example with two sets:",[54,112171,112173],{"className":56,"code":112172,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112174,112175,112191,112207,112211,112229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112176,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112178,2890],{"class":69},[63,112180,74],{"class":73},[63,112182,811],{"class":81},[63,112184,86],{"class":85},[63,112186,89],{"class":81},[63,112188,92],{"class":85},[63,112190,846],{"class":81},[63,112192,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112194,2918],{"class":69},[63,112196,74],{"class":73},[63,112198,811],{"class":81},[63,112200,2394],{"class":85},[63,112202,89],{"class":81},[63,112204,97],{"class":85},[63,112206,846],{"class":81},[63,112208,112209],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112210,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112214,851],{"class":69},[63,112216,74],{"class":73},[63,112218,57168],{"class":69},[63,112220,259],{"class":81},[63,112222,111369],{"class":145},[63,112224,113],{"class":81},[63,112226,206],{"class":145},[63,112228,126],{"class":81},[63,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112232,140],{"class":139},[63,112234,113],{"class":81},[63,112236,875],{"class":145},[63,112238,126],{"class":81},[49,112240,22264],{"id":22263},[14,112242,112243,100866,112245,259],{},[18,112244,108143],{},[1217,112246,100869],{},[14,112248,112249],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[29,112251,112252,112255],{},[32,112253,112254],{},"the original set",[32,112256,112257,112258],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,112259,102899],{},[14,112261,2543],{},[54,112263,112265],{"className":56,"code":112264,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,112266,112267,112283,112299,112303,112321,112325,112338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112268,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112270,2890],{"class":69},[63,112272,74],{"class":73},[63,112274,811],{"class":81},[63,112276,86],{"class":85},[63,112278,89],{"class":81},[63,112280,92],{"class":85},[63,112282,846],{"class":81},[63,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112286,2918],{"class":69},[63,112288,74],{"class":73},[63,112290,811],{"class":81},[63,112292,2394],{"class":85},[63,112294,89],{"class":81},[63,112296,97],{"class":85},[63,112298,846],{"class":81},[63,112300,112301],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112302,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112304,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112306,851],{"class":69},[63,112308,74],{"class":73},[63,112310,57168],{"class":69},[63,112312,259],{"class":81},[63,112314,111369],{"class":145},[63,112316,113],{"class":81},[63,112318,206],{"class":145},[63,112320,126],{"class":81},[63,112322,112323],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112324,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112326,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,112328,140],{"class":139},[63,112330,113],{"class":81},[63,112332,875],{"class":145},[63,112334,3997],{"class":81},[63,112336,112337],{"class":1910},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[63,112339,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,112341,140],{"class":139},[63,112343,113],{"class":81},[63,112345,196],{"class":145},[63,112347,3997],{"class":81},[63,112349,112350],{"class":1910},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112352,2621,112353,112355],{},[18,112354,196],{}," did not change.",[14,112357,110973],{},[29,112359,112360,112362],{},[32,112361,110978],{},[32,112363,112364],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112366,112367],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[49,112369,11783],{"id":11782},[14,112371,112372],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[54,112374,112376],{"className":56,"code":112375,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,112377,112378,112411,112444,112448,112468,112472,112482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112379,112380,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112381,112382],{"class":69},"fruits1 ",[63,112384,74],{"class":73},[63,112386,811],{"class":81},[63,112388,117],{"class":116},[63,112390,408],{"class":120},[63,112392,117],{"class":116},[63,112394,89],{"class":81},[63,112396,824],{"class":116},[63,112398,427],{"class":120},[63,112400,117],{"class":116},[63,112402,89],{"class":81},[63,112404,824],{"class":116},[63,112406,33513],{"class":120},[63,112408,117],{"class":116},[63,112410,846],{"class":81},[63,112412,112413,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112414,112415],{"class":69},"fruits2 ",[63,112417,74],{"class":73},[63,112419,811],{"class":81},[63,112421,117],{"class":116},[63,112423,427],{"class":120},[63,112425,117],{"class":116},[63,112427,89],{"class":81},[63,112429,824],{"class":116},[63,112431,22826],{"class":120},[63,112433,117],{"class":116},[63,112435,89],{"class":81},[63,112437,824],{"class":116},[63,112439,33513],{"class":120},[63,112441,117],{"class":116},[63,112443,846],{"class":81},[63,112445,112446],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112447,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112449,112450,112452,112454,112457,112459,112461,112463,112466],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112451,851],{"class":69},[63,112453,74],{"class":73},[63,112455,112456],{"class":69}," fruits1",[63,112458,259],{"class":81},[63,112460,111369],{"class":145},[63,112462,113],{"class":81},[63,112464,112465],{"class":145},"fruits2",[63,112467,126],{"class":81},[63,112469,112470],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112471,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112473,112474,112476,112478,112480],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,112475,140],{"class":139},[63,112477,113],{"class":81},[63,112479,875],{"class":145},[63,112481,126],{"class":81},[63,112483,112484,112486,112488,112491],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,112485,140],{"class":139},[63,112487,113],{"class":81},[63,112489,112490],{"class":145},"fruits1",[63,112492,126],{"class":81},[14,112494,30321],{},[54,112496,112498],{"className":56,"code":112497,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,112499,112500,112536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112501,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112503,9588],{"class":81},[63,112505,193],{"class":116},[63,112507,427],{"class":120},[63,112509,193],{"class":116},[63,112511,89],{"class":81},[63,112513,203],{"class":116},[63,112515,33513],{"class":120},[63,112517,193],{"class":116},[63,112519,89],{"class":81},[63,112521,203],{"class":116},[63,112523,408],{"class":120},[63,112525,193],{"class":116},[63,112527,89],{"class":81},[63,112529,203],{"class":116},[63,112531,22826],{"class":120},[63,112533,193],{"class":116},[63,112535,846],{"class":81},[63,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112539,9588],{"class":81},[63,112541,193],{"class":116},[63,112543,427],{"class":120},[63,112545,193],{"class":116},[63,112547,89],{"class":81},[63,112549,203],{"class":116},[63,112551,33513],{"class":120},[63,112553,193],{"class":116},[63,112555,89],{"class":81},[63,112557,203],{"class":116},[63,112559,408],{"class":120},[63,112561,193],{"class":116},[63,112563,846],{"class":81},[14,112565,112566],{},"What this shows:",[29,112568,112569,112576,112579],{},[32,112570,112571,4726,112573,112575],{},[18,112572,65371],{},[18,112574,65798],{}," appear in both sets",[32,112577,112578],{},"they appear only once in the result",[32,112580,112581,112583],{},[18,112582,112490],{}," stays unchanged",[49,112585,8733,112587,101258],{"id":112586},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112588,102899],{},[14,112590,112591],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[54,112593,112595],{"className":56,"code":112594,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112596,112597,112613,112629,112646,112663,112667,112694,112698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112598,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112600,110801],{"class":69},[63,112602,74],{"class":73},[63,112604,811],{"class":81},[63,112606,86],{"class":85},[63,112608,89],{"class":81},[63,112610,92],{"class":85},[63,112612,846],{"class":81},[63,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112616,110822],{"class":69},[63,112618,74],{"class":73},[63,112620,811],{"class":81},[63,112622,2394],{"class":85},[63,112624,89],{"class":81},[63,112626,97],{"class":85},[63,112628,846],{"class":81},[63,112630,112631,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112632,112633],{"class":69},"set3 ",[63,112635,74],{"class":73},[63,112637,811],{"class":81},[63,112639,1248],{"class":85},[63,112641,89],{"class":81},[63,112643,705],{"class":85},[63,112645,846],{"class":81},[63,112647,112648,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112649,112650],{"class":69},"set4 ",[63,112652,74],{"class":73},[63,112654,811],{"class":81},[63,112656,2840],{"class":85},[63,112658,89],{"class":81},[63,112660,4935],{"class":85},[63,112662,846],{"class":81},[63,112664,112665],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112666,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112692],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,112670,851],{"class":69},[63,112672,74],{"class":73},[63,112674,110851],{"class":69},[63,112676,259],{"class":81},[63,112678,111369],{"class":145},[63,112680,113],{"class":81},[63,112682,100694],{"class":145},[63,112684,89],{"class":81},[63,112686,100721],{"class":145},[63,112688,89],{"class":81},[63,112690,112691],{"class":145}," set4",[63,112693,126],{"class":81},[63,112695,112696],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,112697,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112699,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,112701,140],{"class":139},[63,112703,113],{"class":81},[63,112705,875],{"class":145},[63,112707,126],{"class":81},[14,112709,30321],{},[54,112711,112713],{"className":56,"code":112712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112714,112715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112716,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112718,9588],{"class":81},[63,112720,86],{"class":85},[63,112722,89],{"class":81},[63,112724,92],{"class":85},[63,112726,89],{"class":81},[63,112728,97],{"class":85},[63,112730,89],{"class":81},[63,112732,705],{"class":85},[63,112734,89],{"class":81},[63,112736,4935],{"class":85},[63,112738,846],{"class":81},[14,112740,112741],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[49,112743,8733,112745,112747],{"id":112744},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112746,102899],{}," with other iterables",[14,112749,112750,112752],{},[18,112751,102899],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[486,112754,112756],{"id":112755},"with-a-list","With a list",[54,112758,112760],{"className":56,"code":112759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112761,112762,112782,112806,112810,112828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112763,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112765,70],{"class":69},[63,112767,74],{"class":73},[63,112769,811],{"class":81},[63,112771,86],{"class":85},[63,112773,89],{"class":81},[63,112775,92],{"class":85},[63,112777,89],{"class":81},[63,112779,97],{"class":85},[63,112781,846],{"class":81},[63,112783,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112785,61320],{"class":69},[63,112787,74],{"class":73},[63,112789,1091],{"class":81},[63,112791,1248],{"class":85},[63,112793,89],{"class":81},[63,112795,705],{"class":85},[63,112797,89],{"class":81},[63,112799,4935],{"class":85},[63,112801,89],{"class":81},[63,112803,4935],{"class":85},[63,112805,186],{"class":81},[63,112807,112808],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112809,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112811,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112813,851],{"class":69},[63,112815,74],{"class":73},[63,112817,4595],{"class":69},[63,112819,259],{"class":81},[63,112821,111369],{"class":145},[63,112823,113],{"class":81},[63,112825,61349],{"class":145},[63,112827,126],{"class":81},[63,112829,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112831,140],{"class":139},[63,112833,113],{"class":81},[63,112835,875],{"class":145},[63,112837,126],{"class":81},[14,112839,30321],{},[54,112841,112842],{"className":56,"code":112712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,112843,112844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112847,9588],{"class":81},[63,112849,86],{"class":85},[63,112851,89],{"class":81},[63,112853,92],{"class":85},[63,112855,89],{"class":81},[63,112857,97],{"class":85},[63,112859,89],{"class":81},[63,112861,705],{"class":85},[63,112863,89],{"class":81},[63,112865,4935],{"class":85},[63,112867,846],{"class":81},[14,112869,21272,112870,112872],{},[18,112871,661],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[486,112874,112876],{"id":112875},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[54,112878,112880],{"className":56,"code":112879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112881,112882,112906,112939,112943,112962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112883,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112885,106],{"class":69},[63,112887,74],{"class":73},[63,112889,811],{"class":81},[63,112891,117],{"class":116},[63,112893,196],{"class":120},[63,112895,117],{"class":116},[63,112897,89],{"class":81},[63,112899,824],{"class":116},[63,112901,206],{"class":120},[63,112903,117],{"class":116},[63,112905,846],{"class":81},[63,112907,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,112909,112910],{"class":69},"more_letters ",[63,112912,74],{"class":73},[63,112914,1687],{"class":81},[63,112916,117],{"class":116},[63,112918,206],{"class":120},[63,112920,117],{"class":116},[63,112922,89],{"class":81},[63,112924,824],{"class":116},[63,112926,215],{"class":120},[63,112928,117],{"class":116},[63,112930,89],{"class":81},[63,112932,824],{"class":116},[63,112934,19063],{"class":120},[63,112936,117],{"class":116},[63,112938,126],{"class":81},[63,112940,112941],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,112942,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112960],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,112946,851],{"class":69},[63,112948,74],{"class":73},[63,112950,70193],{"class":69},[63,112952,259],{"class":81},[63,112954,111369],{"class":145},[63,112956,113],{"class":81},[63,112958,112959],{"class":145},"more_letters",[63,112961,126],{"class":81},[63,112963,112964,112966,112968,112970],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,112965,140],{"class":139},[63,112967,113],{"class":81},[63,112969,875],{"class":145},[63,112971,126],{"class":81},[14,112973,30321],{},[54,112975,112977],{"className":56,"code":112976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112978,112979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,112980,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,112982,9588],{"class":81},[63,112984,193],{"class":116},[63,112986,196],{"class":120},[63,112988,193],{"class":116},[63,112990,89],{"class":81},[63,112992,203],{"class":116},[63,112994,206],{"class":120},[63,112996,193],{"class":116},[63,112998,89],{"class":81},[63,113000,203],{"class":116},[63,113002,215],{"class":120},[63,113004,193],{"class":116},[63,113006,89],{"class":81},[63,113008,203],{"class":116},[63,113010,19063],{"class":120},[63,113012,193],{"class":116},[63,113014,846],{"class":81},[486,113016,113018],{"id":113017},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,113020,113021],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[54,113023,113025],{"className":56,"code":113024,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,113026,113027,113052,113075,113079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113028,113029,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113030,113031],{"class":69},"chars ",[63,113033,74],{"class":73},[63,113035,811],{"class":81},[63,113037,117],{"class":116},[63,113039,196],{"class":120},[63,113041,117],{"class":116},[63,113043,89],{"class":81},[63,113045,824],{"class":116},[63,113047,206],{"class":120},[63,113049,117],{"class":116},[63,113051,846],{"class":81},[63,113053,113054,113056,113058,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113055,851],{"class":69},[63,113057,74],{"class":73},[63,113059,113060],{"class":69}," chars",[63,113062,259],{"class":81},[63,113064,111369],{"class":145},[63,113066,113],{"class":81},[63,113068,117],{"class":116},[63,113070,580],{"class":120},[63,113072,117],{"class":116},[63,113074,126],{"class":81},[63,113076,113077],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113078,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113082,140],{"class":139},[63,113084,113],{"class":81},[63,113086,875],{"class":145},[63,113088,126],{"class":81},[14,113090,30321],{},[54,113092,113094],{"className":56,"code":113093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,113095,113096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113099,9588],{"class":81},[63,113101,193],{"class":116},[63,113103,196],{"class":120},[63,113105,193],{"class":116},[63,113107,89],{"class":81},[63,113109,203],{"class":116},[63,113111,206],{"class":120},[63,113113,193],{"class":116},[63,113115,89],{"class":81},[63,113117,203],{"class":116},[63,113119,215],{"class":120},[63,113121,193],{"class":116},[63,113123,89],{"class":81},[63,113125,203],{"class":116},[63,113127,626],{"class":120},[63,113129,193],{"class":116},[63,113131,846],{"class":81},[14,113133,22483,113134,113137],{},[18,113135,113136],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[29,113139,113140,113144,113148],{},[32,113141,113142],{},[18,113143,66578],{},[32,113145,113146],{},[18,113147,18392],{},[32,113149,113150],{},[18,113151,113152],{},"\"t\"",[49,113154,113156,10891,113158],{"id":113155},"union-vs-update",[18,113157,102899],{},[18,113159,15250],{},[14,113161,113162,4726,113164,113166],{},[18,113163,102899],{},[18,113165,15250],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[486,113168,113169],{"id":111369},[18,113170,102899],{},[29,113172,113173,113175],{},[32,113174,110731],{},[32,113176,110740],{},[54,113178,113179],{"className":56,"code":112264,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,113180,113181,113197,113213,113217,113235,113239,113251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113184,2890],{"class":69},[63,113186,74],{"class":73},[63,113188,811],{"class":81},[63,113190,86],{"class":85},[63,113192,89],{"class":81},[63,113194,92],{"class":85},[63,113196,846],{"class":81},[63,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113200,2918],{"class":69},[63,113202,74],{"class":73},[63,113204,811],{"class":81},[63,113206,2394],{"class":85},[63,113208,89],{"class":81},[63,113210,97],{"class":85},[63,113212,846],{"class":81},[63,113214,113215],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113216,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113218,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113220,851],{"class":69},[63,113222,74],{"class":73},[63,113224,57168],{"class":69},[63,113226,259],{"class":81},[63,113228,111369],{"class":145},[63,113230,113],{"class":81},[63,113232,206],{"class":145},[63,113234,126],{"class":81},[63,113236,113237],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,113238,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,113242,140],{"class":139},[63,113244,113],{"class":81},[63,113246,875],{"class":145},[63,113248,3997],{"class":81},[63,113250,112337],{"class":1910},[63,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,113254,140],{"class":139},[63,113256,113],{"class":81},[63,113258,196],{"class":145},[63,113260,3997],{"class":81},[63,113262,112350],{"class":1910},[486,113264,113265],{"id":30756},[18,113266,15250],{},[29,113268,113269,113272],{},[32,113270,113271],{},"changes the existing set in place",[32,113273,113274],{},"does not create a separate result set",[54,113276,113278],{"className":56,"code":113277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,113279,113280,113296,113312,113316,113330,113334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113281,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113283,2890],{"class":69},[63,113285,74],{"class":73},[63,113287,811],{"class":81},[63,113289,86],{"class":85},[63,113291,89],{"class":81},[63,113293,92],{"class":85},[63,113295,846],{"class":81},[63,113297,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113299,2918],{"class":69},[63,113301,74],{"class":73},[63,113303,811],{"class":81},[63,113305,2394],{"class":85},[63,113307,89],{"class":81},[63,113309,97],{"class":85},[63,113311,846],{"class":81},[63,113313,113314],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113315,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113317,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113319,196],{"class":69},[63,113321,259],{"class":81},[63,113323,30756],{"class":145},[63,113325,113],{"class":81},[63,113327,206],{"class":145},[63,113329,126],{"class":81},[63,113331,113332],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,113333,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,113337,140],{"class":139},[63,113339,113],{"class":81},[63,113341,196],{"class":145},[63,113343,3997],{"class":81},[63,113345,112337],{"class":1910},[14,113347,222,113348,113350],{},[18,113349,102899],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113352,113353,113354,259],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[196,113355,3912,113356,11046],{"href":98619},[18,113357,97414],{},[49,113359,1888],{"id":1887},[486,113361,8769,113363,113365],{"id":113362},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,113364,102899],{}," to change the original set",[14,113367,81924],{},[54,113369,113371],{"className":56,"code":113370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113372,113373,113389,113405,113409,113423],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113376,2890],{"class":69},[63,113378,74],{"class":73},[63,113380,811],{"class":81},[63,113382,86],{"class":85},[63,113384,89],{"class":81},[63,113386,92],{"class":85},[63,113388,846],{"class":81},[63,113390,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113392,2918],{"class":69},[63,113394,74],{"class":73},[63,113396,811],{"class":81},[63,113398,2394],{"class":85},[63,113400,89],{"class":81},[63,113402,97],{"class":85},[63,113404,846],{"class":81},[63,113406,113407],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113408,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113410,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113412,196],{"class":69},[63,113414,259],{"class":81},[63,113416,111369],{"class":145},[63,113418,113],{"class":81},[63,113420,206],{"class":145},[63,113422,126],{"class":81},[63,113424,113425,113427,113429,113431],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,113426,140],{"class":139},[63,113428,113],{"class":81},[63,113430,196],{"class":145},[63,113432,126],{"class":81},[14,113434,163],{},[54,113436,113437],{"className":56,"code":100607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,113438,113439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113440,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113442,9588],{"class":81},[63,113444,86],{"class":85},[63,113446,89],{"class":81},[63,113448,92],{"class":85},[63,113450,846],{"class":81},[14,113452,8812,113453,113455],{},[18,113454,102899],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113457,113458],{},"Fix it like this:",[54,113460,113462],{"className":56,"code":113461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,113463,113464,113480,113496,113500,113518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113467,2890],{"class":69},[63,113469,74],{"class":73},[63,113471,811],{"class":81},[63,113473,86],{"class":85},[63,113475,89],{"class":81},[63,113477,92],{"class":85},[63,113479,846],{"class":81},[63,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113483,2918],{"class":69},[63,113485,74],{"class":73},[63,113487,811],{"class":81},[63,113489,2394],{"class":85},[63,113491,89],{"class":81},[63,113493,97],{"class":85},[63,113495,846],{"class":81},[63,113497,113498],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113499,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113501,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113503,2890],{"class":69},[63,113505,74],{"class":73},[63,113507,57168],{"class":69},[63,113509,259],{"class":81},[63,113511,111369],{"class":145},[63,113513,113],{"class":81},[63,113515,206],{"class":145},[63,113517,126],{"class":81},[63,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,113521,140],{"class":139},[63,113523,113],{"class":81},[63,113525,196],{"class":145},[63,113527,126],{"class":81},[486,113529,113531],{"id":113530},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113533,113534],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[54,113536,113538],{"className":56,"code":113537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,113539,113540,113556,113572,113576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113541,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113543,2890],{"class":69},[63,113545,74],{"class":73},[63,113547,811],{"class":81},[63,113549,1248],{"class":85},[63,113551,89],{"class":81},[63,113553,692],{"class":85},[63,113555,846],{"class":81},[63,113557,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113559,2918],{"class":69},[63,113561,74],{"class":73},[63,113563,811],{"class":81},[63,113565,2394],{"class":85},[63,113567,89],{"class":81},[63,113569,705],{"class":85},[63,113571,846],{"class":81},[63,113573,113574],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113575,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,113577,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113579,140],{"class":139},[63,113581,113],{"class":81},[63,113583,196],{"class":145},[63,113585,259],{"class":81},[63,113587,111369],{"class":145},[63,113589,113],{"class":81},[63,113591,206],{"class":145},[63,113593,100],{"class":81},[14,113595,113596],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[486,113598,113600],{"id":113599},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[54,113602,113604],{"className":56,"code":113603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113605,113606,113622,113644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113609,4403],{"class":69},[63,113611,74],{"class":73},[63,113613,811],{"class":81},[63,113615,117],{"class":116},[63,113617,58408],{"class":120},[63,113619,117],{"class":116},[63,113621,846],{"class":81},[63,113623,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113625,851],{"class":69},[63,113627,74],{"class":73},[63,113629,6488],{"class":69},[63,113631,259],{"class":81},[63,113633,111369],{"class":145},[63,113635,113],{"class":81},[63,113637,117],{"class":116},[63,113639,580],{"class":120},[63,113641,117],{"class":116},[63,113643,126],{"class":81},[63,113645,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113647,140],{"class":139},[63,113649,113],{"class":81},[63,113651,875],{"class":145},[63,113653,126],{"class":81},[14,113655,113656,113657,2524,113659,17369,113661,113663,113664,113666],{},"This adds ",[18,113658,66578],{},[18,113660,18392],{},[18,113662,113152],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113665,113136],{}," as one item.",[14,113668,113669],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[54,113671,113673],{"className":56,"code":113672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113674,113675,113691,113713],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113676,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113678,4403],{"class":69},[63,113680,74],{"class":73},[63,113682,811],{"class":81},[63,113684,117],{"class":116},[63,113686,58408],{"class":120},[63,113688,117],{"class":116},[63,113690,846],{"class":81},[63,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113694,851],{"class":69},[63,113696,74],{"class":73},[63,113698,6488],{"class":69},[63,113700,259],{"class":81},[63,113702,111369],{"class":145},[63,113704,2071],{"class":81},[63,113706,117],{"class":116},[63,113708,580],{"class":120},[63,113710,117],{"class":116},[63,113712,2080],{"class":81},[63,113714,113715,113717,113719,113721],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113716,140],{"class":139},[63,113718,113],{"class":81},[63,113720,875],{"class":145},[63,113722,126],{"class":81},[486,113724,113726],{"id":113725},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113728,3174],{},[54,113730,113732],{"className":56,"code":113731,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113733,113734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113737,15925],{"class":69},[63,113739,74],{"class":73},[63,113741,811],{"class":81},[63,113743,86],{"class":85},[63,113745,89],{"class":81},[63,113747,92],{"class":85},[63,113749,89],{"class":81},[63,113751,1091],{"class":81},[63,113753,1248],{"class":85},[63,113755,89],{"class":81},[63,113757,705],{"class":85},[63,113759,14006],{"class":81},[14,113761,113762],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113764,113765,113766,821],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113767,102899],{},[54,113769,113771],{"className":56,"code":113770,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113772,113773,113789,113811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113774,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113776,15925],{"class":69},[63,113778,74],{"class":73},[63,113780,811],{"class":81},[63,113782,86],{"class":85},[63,113784,89],{"class":81},[63,113786,92],{"class":85},[63,113788,846],{"class":81},[63,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113792,851],{"class":69},[63,113794,74],{"class":73},[63,113796,97024],{"class":69},[63,113798,259],{"class":81},[63,113800,111369],{"class":145},[63,113802,2071],{"class":81},[63,113804,1248],{"class":85},[63,113806,89],{"class":81},[63,113808,705],{"class":85},[63,113810,2080],{"class":81},[63,113812,113813,113815,113817,113819],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113814,140],{"class":139},[63,113816,113],{"class":81},[63,113818,875],{"class":145},[63,113820,126],{"class":81},[49,113822,113824],{"id":113823},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113826,113827],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[29,113829,113830,113836,113843,113846],{},[32,113831,113832,113833,113835],{},"call ",[18,113834,102899],{}," without saving the returned set",[32,113837,113838,113839,9021,113841],{},"confuse ",[18,113840,102899],{},[18,113842,15250],{},[32,113844,113845],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[32,113847,113848],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113850,113851,113852,4726,113856,259],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[196,113853,3912,113854,11046],{"href":102888},[18,113855,106673],{},[196,113857,3912,113859,11046],{"href":113858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113860,100519],{},[14,113862,62567],{},[54,113864,113866],{"className":56,"code":113865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113867,113868,113878,113892,113902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,113871,140],{"class":139},[63,113873,113],{"class":81},[63,113875,15963],{"class":145},[63,113877,126],{"class":81},[63,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,113881,140],{"class":139},[63,113883,113],{"class":81},[63,113885,3557],{"class":77},[63,113887,113],{"class":81},[63,113889,15963],{"class":145},[63,113891,100],{"class":81},[63,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,113895,140],{"class":139},[63,113897,113],{"class":81},[63,113899,875],{"class":145},[63,113901,126],{"class":81},[63,113903,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,113905,32444],{"class":139},[63,113907,113],{"class":81},[63,113909,6607],{"class":77},[63,113911,259],{"class":81},[63,113913,111369],{"class":25042},[63,113915,126],{"class":81},[49,113917,2165],{"id":2164},[486,113919,13011,113921,102839],{"id":113920},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113922,108143],{},[14,113924,102842],{},[486,113926,5497,113928,113930],{"id":113927},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113929,102899],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113932,113933],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[486,113935,28619,113937,113939],{"id":113936},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113938,102899],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113941,42442,113942,113944],{},[18,113943,102899],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[486,113946,113948],{"id":113947},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113950,113951],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[486,113953,2169,113955,4726,113957,2827],{"id":113954},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113956,102899],{},[18,113958,113959],{},"|",[14,113961,113962,113963,113965,113966,113968],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113964,113959],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113967,102899],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[49,113970,2219],{"id":2218},[29,113972,113973,113977,113983,113989,113995],{},[32,113974,113975],{},[196,113976,96428],{"href":97599},[32,113978,113979],{},[196,113980,3912,113981,11046],{"href":98619},[18,113982,97414],{},[32,113984,113985],{},[196,113986,3912,113987,11046],{"href":102888},[18,113988,106673],{},[32,113990,113991],{},[196,113992,3912,113993,11046],{"href":113858},[18,113994,100519],{},[32,113996,113997],{},[196,113998,100444],{"href":99177},[2259,114000,114001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":114003},[114004,114005,114007,114008,114009,114010,114012,114018,114023,114030,114031,114042],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":112099,"depth":103,"text":114006},"What set.union() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":22263,"depth":103,"text":22264},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":112586,"depth":103,"text":114011},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112744,"depth":103,"text":114013,"children":114014},"Using union() with other iterables",[114015,114016,114017],{"id":112755,"depth":129,"text":112756},{"id":112875,"depth":129,"text":112876},{"id":113017,"depth":129,"text":113018},{"id":113155,"depth":103,"text":114019,"children":114020},"union() vs update()",[114021,114022],{"id":111369,"depth":129,"text":102899},{"id":30756,"depth":129,"text":15250},{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":114024},[114025,114027,114028,114029],{"id":113362,"depth":129,"text":114026},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113530,"depth":129,"text":113531},{"id":113599,"depth":129,"text":113600},{"id":113725,"depth":129,"text":113726},{"id":113823,"depth":103,"text":113824},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":114032},[114033,114035,114037,114039,114040],{"id":113920,"depth":129,"text":114034},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113927,"depth":129,"text":114036},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113936,"depth":129,"text":114038},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113947,"depth":129,"text":113948},{"id":113954,"depth":129,"text":114041},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111979,"description":114043},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114049,"title":114050,"body":114051,"description":115940,"extension":2300,"meta":115941,"navigation":132,"path":96913,"seo":115942,"stem":115943,"__hash__":115944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114052,"toc":115906},[114053,114058,114063,114071,114073,114131,114136,114141,114145,114157,114160,114234,114239,114241,114243,114262,114264,114281,114284,114311,114313,114383,114387,114389,114395,114397,114458,114463,114465,114522,114526,114531,114596,114598,114618,114625,114629,114634,114719,114722,114729,114832,114836,114841,114899,114902,114913,114927,114934,114992,114999,115002,115012,115016,115074,115078,115144,115147,115205,115212,115219,115222,115226,115235,115304,115308,115314,115402,115412,115416,115420,115424,115427,115488,115493,115550,115554,115556,115591,115598,115600,115654,115661,115665,115668,115733,115742,115748,115805,115807,115812,115816,115820,115823,115830,115838,115842,115847,115851,115857,115859,115894,115903],[10,114054,96300,114056,11629],{"id":114055},"python-set-update-method",[18,114057,15250],{},[14,114059,114060,114062],{},[18,114061,97414],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114064,114065,114066,114070],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[196,114067,114068],{"href":98600},[18,114069,96308],{},", which adds only one item.",[49,114072,3946],{"id":3945},[54,114074,114076],{"className":56,"code":114075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114077,114078,114094,114116,114126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114079,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114081,70],{"class":69},[63,114083,74],{"class":73},[63,114085,811],{"class":81},[63,114087,86],{"class":85},[63,114089,89],{"class":81},[63,114091,92],{"class":85},[63,114093,846],{"class":81},[63,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114097,146],{"class":69},[63,114099,259],{"class":81},[63,114101,30756],{"class":145},[63,114103,2071],{"class":81},[63,114105,2394],{"class":85},[63,114107,89],{"class":81},[63,114109,97],{"class":85},[63,114111,89],{"class":81},[63,114113,705],{"class":85},[63,114115,2080],{"class":81},[63,114117,114118,114120,114122,114124],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114119,140],{"class":139},[63,114121,113],{"class":81},[63,114123,146],{"class":145},[63,114125,126],{"class":81},[63,114127,114128],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114129,114130],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114132,222,114133,114135],{},[18,114134,15250],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[49,114137,4014,114139,4017],{"id":114138},"what-setupdate-does",[18,114140,97414],{},[14,114142,114143,821],{},[18,114144,97414],{},[29,114146,114147,114150,114152,114155],{},[32,114148,114149],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[32,114151,96415],{},[32,114153,114154],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[32,114156,96418],{},[14,114158,114159],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[54,114161,114163],{"className":56,"code":114162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,114164,114165,114189,114215,114219,114229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114166,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114168,13381],{"class":69},[63,114170,74],{"class":73},[63,114172,811],{"class":81},[63,114174,117],{"class":116},[63,114176,13398],{"class":120},[63,114178,117],{"class":116},[63,114180,89],{"class":81},[63,114182,824],{"class":116},[63,114184,13415],{"class":120},[63,114186,117],{"class":116},[63,114188,846],{"class":81},[63,114190,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114192,17799],{"class":69},[63,114194,259],{"class":81},[63,114196,30756],{"class":145},[63,114198,2071],{"class":81},[63,114200,117],{"class":116},[63,114202,13415],{"class":120},[63,114204,117],{"class":116},[63,114206,89],{"class":81},[63,114208,824],{"class":116},[63,114210,17752],{"class":120},[63,114212,117],{"class":116},[63,114214,2080],{"class":81},[63,114216,114217],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114218,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114220,114221,114223,114225,114227],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114222,140],{"class":139},[63,114224,113],{"class":81},[63,114226,17799],{"class":145},[63,114228,126],{"class":81},[63,114230,114231],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114232,114233],{"class":1910},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114235,21272,114236,114238],{},[18,114237,111134],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[49,114240,263],{"id":262},[14,114242,7539],{},[54,114244,114246],{"className":56,"code":114245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,114247,114248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114249,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114251,15963],{"class":69},[63,114253,259],{"class":81},[63,114255,30756],{"class":145},[63,114257,113],{"class":81},[63,114259,288],{"class":145},[63,114261,126],{"class":81},[14,114263,80300],{},[29,114265,114266,114269,114272,114275,114278],{},[32,114267,114268],{},"A list",[32,114270,114271],{},"A tuple",[32,114273,114274],{},"Another set",[32,114276,114277],{},"A string",[32,114279,114280],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114282,114283],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[54,114285,114287],{"className":56,"code":114286,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,114288,114289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114292,15963],{"class":69},[63,114294,259],{"class":81},[63,114296,30756],{"class":145},[63,114298,113],{"class":81},[63,114300,196],{"class":145},[63,114302,89],{"class":81},[63,114304,2895],{"class":145},[63,114306,89],{"class":81},[63,114308,9989],{"class":145},[63,114310,126],{"class":81},[14,114312,2543],{},[54,114314,114316],{"className":56,"code":114315,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,114317,114318,114330,114364,114368,114378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114319,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114321,731],{"class":69},[63,114323,74],{"class":73},[63,114325,811],{"class":81},[63,114327,86],{"class":85},[63,114329,846],{"class":81},[63,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114333,763],{"class":69},[63,114335,259],{"class":81},[63,114337,30756],{"class":145},[63,114339,2071],{"class":81},[63,114341,2394],{"class":85},[63,114343,89],{"class":81},[63,114345,97],{"class":85},[63,114347,1243],{"class":81},[63,114349,1687],{"class":81},[63,114351,2840],{"class":85},[63,114353,89],{"class":81},[63,114355,4935],{"class":85},[63,114357,1684],{"class":81},[63,114359,811],{"class":81},[63,114361,80691],{"class":85},[63,114363,754],{"class":81},[63,114365,114366],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114367,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114371,140],{"class":139},[63,114373,113],{"class":81},[63,114375,763],{"class":145},[63,114377,126],{"class":81},[63,114379,114380],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114381,114382],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114384,96424,114385,259],{},[196,114386,96432],{"href":97983},[49,114388,22264],{"id":22263},[14,114390,114391,2732,114393,259],{},[18,114392,97414],{},[18,114394,4115],{},[14,114396,12023],{},[54,114398,114400],{"className":56,"code":114399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114401,114402,114418,114440,114444,114454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114403,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114405,70],{"class":69},[63,114407,74],{"class":73},[63,114409,811],{"class":81},[63,114411,86],{"class":85},[63,114413,89],{"class":81},[63,114415,92],{"class":85},[63,114417,846],{"class":81},[63,114419,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114421,851],{"class":69},[63,114423,74],{"class":73},[63,114425,4595],{"class":69},[63,114427,259],{"class":81},[63,114429,30756],{"class":145},[63,114431,2071],{"class":81},[63,114433,1248],{"class":85},[63,114435,89],{"class":81},[63,114437,705],{"class":85},[63,114439,2080],{"class":81},[63,114441,114442],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114443,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114445,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114447,140],{"class":139},[63,114449,113],{"class":81},[63,114451,875],{"class":145},[63,114453,126],{"class":81},[63,114455,114456],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114457,62103],{"class":1910},[14,114459,114460,114461,259],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,114462,875],{},[14,114464,19264],{},[54,114466,114468],{"className":56,"code":114467,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114469,114470,114486,114504,114508,114518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114471,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114473,70],{"class":69},[63,114475,74],{"class":73},[63,114477,811],{"class":81},[63,114479,86],{"class":85},[63,114481,89],{"class":81},[63,114483,92],{"class":85},[63,114485,846],{"class":81},[63,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114489,146],{"class":69},[63,114491,259],{"class":81},[63,114493,30756],{"class":145},[63,114495,2071],{"class":81},[63,114497,1248],{"class":85},[63,114499,89],{"class":81},[63,114501,705],{"class":85},[63,114503,2080],{"class":81},[63,114505,114506],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114507,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114509,114510,114512,114514,114516],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114511,140],{"class":139},[63,114513,113],{"class":81},[63,114515,146],{"class":145},[63,114517,126],{"class":81},[63,114519,114520],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114521,114130],{"class":1910},[49,114523,114525],{"id":114524},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114527,114528,114529,259],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,114530,15250],{},[54,114532,114534],{"className":56,"code":114533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114535,114536,114552,114578,114582,114592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114537,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114539,70],{"class":69},[63,114541,74],{"class":73},[63,114543,811],{"class":81},[63,114545,86],{"class":85},[63,114547,89],{"class":81},[63,114549,92],{"class":85},[63,114551,846],{"class":81},[63,114553,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114555,146],{"class":69},[63,114557,259],{"class":81},[63,114559,30756],{"class":145},[63,114561,2071],{"class":81},[63,114563,2394],{"class":85},[63,114565,89],{"class":81},[63,114567,97],{"class":85},[63,114569,89],{"class":81},[63,114571,705],{"class":85},[63,114573,89],{"class":81},[63,114575,705],{"class":85},[63,114577,2080],{"class":81},[63,114579,114580],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114581,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114583,114584,114586,114588,114590],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114585,140],{"class":139},[63,114587,113],{"class":81},[63,114589,146],{"class":145},[63,114591,126],{"class":81},[63,114593,114594],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114595,114130],{"class":1910},[14,114597,11992],{},[29,114599,114600,114605,114612],{},[32,114601,114602,114604],{},[18,114603,2394],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[32,114606,114607,4726,114609,114611],{},[18,114608,1248],{},[18,114610,2840],{}," are added",[32,114613,114614,114615,114617],{},"The second ",[18,114616,2840],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114619,114620,114621,114624],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[196,114622,114623],{"href":99177},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[49,114626,114628],{"id":114627},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114630,8083,114631,114633],{},[18,114632,15250],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[54,114635,114637],{"className":56,"code":114636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114638,114639,114660,114681,114685,114701,114705,114715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114640,114641,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114642,114643],{"class":69},"set_a ",[63,114645,74],{"class":73},[63,114647,811],{"class":81},[63,114649,86],{"class":85},[63,114651,89],{"class":81},[63,114653,92],{"class":85},[63,114655,89],{"class":81},[63,114657,97],{"class":85},[63,114659,846],{"class":81},[63,114661,114662,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114663,114664],{"class":69},"set_b ",[63,114666,74],{"class":73},[63,114668,811],{"class":81},[63,114670,1248],{"class":85},[63,114672,89],{"class":81},[63,114674,705],{"class":85},[63,114676,89],{"class":81},[63,114678,4935],{"class":85},[63,114680,846],{"class":81},[63,114682,114683],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114684,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114686,114687,114690,114692,114694,114696,114699],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114688,114689],{"class":69},"set_a",[63,114691,259],{"class":81},[63,114693,30756],{"class":145},[63,114695,113],{"class":81},[63,114697,114698],{"class":145},"set_b",[63,114700,126],{"class":81},[63,114702,114703],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114704,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114706,114707,114709,114711,114713],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,114708,140],{"class":139},[63,114710,113],{"class":81},[63,114712,114689],{"class":145},[63,114714,126],{"class":81},[63,114716,114717],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,114718,112091],{"class":1910},[14,114720,114721],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114723,114724,114725,259],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[196,114726,114727],{"href":102896},[18,114728,108143],{},[54,114730,114732],{"className":56,"code":114731,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114733,114734,114754,114774,114778,114798,114802,114813,114817,114827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114737,114643],{"class":69},[63,114739,74],{"class":73},[63,114741,811],{"class":81},[63,114743,86],{"class":85},[63,114745,89],{"class":81},[63,114747,92],{"class":85},[63,114749,89],{"class":81},[63,114751,97],{"class":85},[63,114753,846],{"class":81},[63,114755,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114757,114664],{"class":69},[63,114759,74],{"class":73},[63,114761,811],{"class":81},[63,114763,1248],{"class":85},[63,114765,89],{"class":81},[63,114767,705],{"class":85},[63,114769,89],{"class":81},[63,114771,4935],{"class":85},[63,114773,846],{"class":81},[63,114775,114776],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114777,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114779,114780,114783,114785,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114781,114782],{"class":69},"combined ",[63,114784,74],{"class":73},[63,114786,114787],{"class":69}," set_a",[63,114789,259],{"class":81},[63,114791,111369],{"class":145},[63,114793,113],{"class":81},[63,114795,114698],{"class":145},[63,114797,126],{"class":81},[63,114799,114800],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114801,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114803,114804,114806,114808,114811],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,114805,140],{"class":139},[63,114807,113],{"class":81},[63,114809,114810],{"class":145},"combined",[63,114812,126],{"class":81},[63,114814,114815],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,114816,112091],{"class":1910},[63,114818,114819,114821,114823,114825],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,114820,140],{"class":139},[63,114822,113],{"class":81},[63,114824,114689],{"class":145},[63,114826,126],{"class":81},[63,114828,114829],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,114830,114831],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,114833,114835],{"id":114834},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114837,2188,114838,114840],{},[18,114839,15250],{}," adds each character separately.",[54,114842,114844],{"className":56,"code":114843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114845,114846,114862,114880,114884,114894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114847,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114849,106],{"class":69},[63,114851,74],{"class":73},[63,114853,811],{"class":81},[63,114855,117],{"class":116},[63,114857,2509],{"class":120},[63,114859,117],{"class":116},[63,114861,846],{"class":81},[63,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114865,158],{"class":69},[63,114867,259],{"class":81},[63,114869,30756],{"class":145},[63,114871,113],{"class":81},[63,114873,117],{"class":116},[63,114875,580],{"class":120},[63,114877,117],{"class":116},[63,114879,126],{"class":81},[63,114881,114882],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114883,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114885,114886,114888,114890,114892],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114887,140],{"class":139},[63,114889,113],{"class":81},[63,114891,158],{"class":145},[63,114893,126],{"class":81},[63,114895,114896],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114897,114898],{"class":1910},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114900,114901],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114903,114904,14352,114907,114909,114910,114912],{},[18,114905,114906],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1217,114908,4961],{}," add ",[18,114911,113136],{}," as one item. It adds:",[29,114914,114915,114919,114923],{},[32,114916,114917],{},[18,114918,66578],{},[32,114920,114921],{},[18,114922,18392],{},[32,114924,114925],{},[18,114926,113152],{},[14,114928,114929,114930,821],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[196,114931,114932],{"href":98600},[18,114933,96308],{},[54,114935,114937],{"className":56,"code":114936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114938,114939,114955,114973,114977,114987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,114940,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,114942,4403],{"class":69},[63,114944,74],{"class":73},[63,114946,811],{"class":81},[63,114948,117],{"class":116},[63,114950,58408],{"class":120},[63,114952,117],{"class":116},[63,114954,846],{"class":81},[63,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,114958,4445],{"class":69},[63,114960,259],{"class":81},[63,114962,82203],{"class":145},[63,114964,113],{"class":81},[63,114966,117],{"class":116},[63,114968,580],{"class":120},[63,114970,117],{"class":116},[63,114972,126],{"class":81},[63,114974,114975],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,114976,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,114978,114979,114981,114983,114985],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,114980,140],{"class":139},[63,114982,113],{"class":81},[63,114984,4445],{"class":145},[63,114986,126],{"class":81},[63,114988,114989],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,114990,114991],{"class":1910},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[49,114993,114995,10891,114997],{"id":114994},"update-vs-add",[18,114996,15250],{},[18,114998,96303],{},[14,115000,115001],{},"The difference is simple:",[29,115003,115004,115008],{},[32,115005,115006,96902],{},[18,115007,96303],{},[32,115009,115010,96907],{},[18,115011,15250],{},[14,115013,1743,115014,821],{},[18,115015,96303],{},[54,115017,115019],{"className":56,"code":115018,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,115020,115021,115037,115055,115059,115069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115022,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115024,36529],{"class":69},[63,115026,74],{"class":73},[63,115028,811],{"class":81},[63,115030,117],{"class":116},[63,115032,408],{"class":120},[63,115034,117],{"class":116},[63,115036,846],{"class":81},[63,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115040,36581],{"class":69},[63,115042,259],{"class":81},[63,115044,82203],{"class":145},[63,115046,113],{"class":81},[63,115048,117],{"class":116},[63,115050,427],{"class":120},[63,115052,117],{"class":116},[63,115054,126],{"class":81},[63,115056,115057],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115058,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115062,140],{"class":139},[63,115064,113],{"class":81},[63,115066,36581],{"class":145},[63,115068,126],{"class":81},[63,115070,115071],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115072,115073],{"class":1910},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115075,1743,115076,821],{},[18,115077,15250],{},[54,115079,115081],{"className":56,"code":115080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,115082,115083,115099,115125,115129,115139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115086,36529],{"class":69},[63,115088,74],{"class":73},[63,115090,811],{"class":81},[63,115092,117],{"class":116},[63,115094,408],{"class":120},[63,115096,117],{"class":116},[63,115098,846],{"class":81},[63,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115102,36581],{"class":69},[63,115104,259],{"class":81},[63,115106,30756],{"class":145},[63,115108,2071],{"class":81},[63,115110,117],{"class":116},[63,115112,427],{"class":120},[63,115114,117],{"class":116},[63,115116,89],{"class":81},[63,115118,824],{"class":116},[63,115120,33513],{"class":120},[63,115122,117],{"class":116},[63,115124,2080],{"class":81},[63,115126,115127],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115128,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115130,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115132,140],{"class":139},[63,115134,113],{"class":81},[63,115136,36581],{"class":145},[63,115138,126],{"class":81},[63,115140,115141],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115142,115143],{"class":1910},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115145,115146],{},"Important warning with strings:",[54,115148,115150],{"className":56,"code":115149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,115151,115152,115168,115186,115190,115200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115153,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115155,36529],{"class":69},[63,115157,74],{"class":73},[63,115159,811],{"class":81},[63,115161,117],{"class":116},[63,115163,408],{"class":120},[63,115165,117],{"class":116},[63,115167,846],{"class":81},[63,115169,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115171,36581],{"class":69},[63,115173,259],{"class":81},[63,115175,30756],{"class":145},[63,115177,113],{"class":81},[63,115179,117],{"class":116},[63,115181,38631],{"class":120},[63,115183,117],{"class":116},[63,115185,126],{"class":81},[63,115187,115188],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115189,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115191,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115193,140],{"class":139},[63,115195,113],{"class":81},[63,115197,36581],{"class":145},[63,115199,126],{"class":81},[63,115201,115202],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115203,115204],{"class":1910},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115206,62378,115207,62451,115210,6951],{},[18,115208,115209],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,115211,96303],{},[49,115213,115215,10891,115217],{"id":115214},"update-vs-union",[18,115216,15250],{},[18,115218,102899],{},[14,115220,115221],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[486,115223,115224],{"id":30756},[18,115225,15250],{},[29,115227,115228,115231],{},[32,115229,115230],{},"Changes the existing set",[32,115232,11731,115233],{},[18,115234,4115],{},[54,115236,115238],{"className":56,"code":115237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115239,115240,115256,115272,115276,115290,115300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115241,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115243,2890],{"class":69},[63,115245,74],{"class":73},[63,115247,811],{"class":81},[63,115249,86],{"class":85},[63,115251,89],{"class":81},[63,115253,92],{"class":85},[63,115255,846],{"class":81},[63,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115259,2918],{"class":69},[63,115261,74],{"class":73},[63,115263,811],{"class":81},[63,115265,2394],{"class":85},[63,115267,89],{"class":81},[63,115269,97],{"class":85},[63,115271,846],{"class":81},[63,115273,115274],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115275,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115279,196],{"class":69},[63,115281,259],{"class":81},[63,115283,30756],{"class":145},[63,115285,113],{"class":81},[63,115287,206],{"class":145},[63,115289,126],{"class":81},[63,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115293,140],{"class":139},[63,115295,113],{"class":81},[63,115297,196],{"class":145},[63,115299,126],{"class":81},[63,115301,115302],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,115303,114831],{"class":1910},[486,115305,115306],{"id":111369},[18,115307,102899],{},[29,115309,115310,115312],{},[32,115311,101437],{},[32,115313,101440],{},[54,115315,115317],{"className":56,"code":115316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,115318,115319,115335,115351,115355,115373,115383,115387,115397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115320,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115322,2890],{"class":69},[63,115324,74],{"class":73},[63,115326,811],{"class":81},[63,115328,86],{"class":85},[63,115330,89],{"class":81},[63,115332,92],{"class":85},[63,115334,846],{"class":81},[63,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115338,2918],{"class":69},[63,115340,74],{"class":73},[63,115342,811],{"class":81},[63,115344,2394],{"class":85},[63,115346,89],{"class":81},[63,115348,97],{"class":85},[63,115350,846],{"class":81},[63,115352,115353],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115354,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115356,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115358,83283],{"class":69},[63,115360,74],{"class":73},[63,115362,57168],{"class":69},[63,115364,259],{"class":81},[63,115366,111369],{"class":145},[63,115368,113],{"class":81},[63,115370,206],{"class":145},[63,115372,126],{"class":81},[63,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115376,140],{"class":139},[63,115378,113],{"class":81},[63,115380,215],{"class":145},[63,115382,126],{"class":81},[63,115384,115385],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,115386,114831],{"class":1910},[63,115388,115389,115391,115393,115395],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,115390,140],{"class":139},[63,115392,113],{"class":81},[63,115394,196],{"class":145},[63,115396,126],{"class":81},[63,115398,115399],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,115400,115401],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115403,107785,115404,115406,115407,115411],{},[18,115405,15250],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[196,115408,115409],{"href":102896},[18,115410,102899],{}," when you want a new set.",[49,115413,115415],{"id":115414},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115417,11053,115418,259],{},[18,115419,97414],{},[486,115421,115423],{"id":115422},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115425,115426],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[54,115428,115430],{"className":56,"code":115429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,115431,115432,115448,115470,115474,115484],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115433,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115435,15925],{"class":69},[63,115437,74],{"class":73},[63,115439,811],{"class":81},[63,115441,86],{"class":85},[63,115443,89],{"class":81},[63,115445,92],{"class":85},[63,115447,846],{"class":81},[63,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115451,851],{"class":69},[63,115453,74],{"class":73},[63,115455,97024],{"class":69},[63,115457,259],{"class":81},[63,115459,30756],{"class":145},[63,115461,2071],{"class":81},[63,115463,1248],{"class":85},[63,115465,89],{"class":81},[63,115467,705],{"class":85},[63,115469,2080],{"class":81},[63,115471,115472],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115473,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115475,115476,115478,115480,115482],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115477,140],{"class":139},[63,115479,113],{"class":81},[63,115481,875],{"class":145},[63,115483,126],{"class":81},[63,115485,115486],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115487,62103],{"class":1910},[14,115489,115490,115491,821],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,115492,15250],{},[54,115494,115496],{"className":56,"code":115495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,115497,115498,115514,115532,115536,115546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115499,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115501,15925],{"class":69},[63,115503,74],{"class":73},[63,115505,811],{"class":81},[63,115507,86],{"class":85},[63,115509,89],{"class":81},[63,115511,92],{"class":85},[63,115513,846],{"class":81},[63,115515,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115517,15963],{"class":69},[63,115519,259],{"class":81},[63,115521,30756],{"class":145},[63,115523,2071],{"class":81},[63,115525,1248],{"class":85},[63,115527,89],{"class":81},[63,115529,705],{"class":85},[63,115531,2080],{"class":81},[63,115533,115534],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115535,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115537,115538,115540,115542,115544],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115539,140],{"class":139},[63,115541,113],{"class":81},[63,115543,15963],{"class":145},[63,115545,126],{"class":81},[63,115547,115548],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115549,114130],{"class":1910},[486,115551,115553],{"id":115552},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115555,3174],{},[54,115557,115559],{"className":56,"code":115558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,115560,115561,115577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115562,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115564,15925],{"class":69},[63,115566,74],{"class":73},[63,115568,811],{"class":81},[63,115570,86],{"class":85},[63,115572,89],{"class":81},[63,115574,92],{"class":85},[63,115576,846],{"class":81},[63,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115580,15963],{"class":69},[63,115582,259],{"class":81},[63,115584,30756],{"class":145},[63,115586,113],{"class":81},[63,115588,661],{"class":85},[63,115590,126],{"class":81},[14,115592,62557,115593,8918,115595,115597],{},[18,115594,1032],{},[18,115596,661],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115599,6874],{},[54,115601,115603],{"className":56,"code":115602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115604,115605,115621,115635,115639,115649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115608,15925],{"class":69},[63,115610,74],{"class":73},[63,115612,811],{"class":81},[63,115614,86],{"class":85},[63,115616,89],{"class":81},[63,115618,92],{"class":85},[63,115620,846],{"class":81},[63,115622,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115624,15963],{"class":69},[63,115626,259],{"class":81},[63,115628,30756],{"class":145},[63,115630,2071],{"class":81},[63,115632,661],{"class":85},[63,115634,2080],{"class":81},[63,115636,115637],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115638,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115640,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115642,140],{"class":139},[63,115644,113],{"class":81},[63,115646,15963],{"class":145},[63,115648,126],{"class":81},[63,115650,115651],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115652,115653],{"class":1910},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115655,46205,115656,259],{},[196,115657,25970,115658],{"href":1064},[18,115659,115660],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[486,115662,115664],{"id":115663},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115666,115667],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[54,115669,115671],{"className":56,"code":115670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115672,115673,115689,115715,115719,115729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115674,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115676,15925],{"class":69},[63,115678,74],{"class":73},[63,115680,811],{"class":81},[63,115682,86],{"class":85},[63,115684,89],{"class":81},[63,115686,92],{"class":85},[63,115688,846],{"class":81},[63,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115692,15963],{"class":69},[63,115694,259],{"class":81},[63,115696,30756],{"class":145},[63,115698,2071],{"class":81},[63,115700,2394],{"class":85},[63,115702,89],{"class":81},[63,115704,92],{"class":85},[63,115706,89],{"class":81},[63,115708,92],{"class":85},[63,115710,89],{"class":81},[63,115712,97],{"class":85},[63,115714,2080],{"class":81},[63,115716,115717],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115718,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115720,115721,115723,115725,115727],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115722,140],{"class":139},[63,115724,113],{"class":81},[63,115726,15963],{"class":145},[63,115728,126],{"class":81},[63,115730,115731],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115732,114831],{"class":1910},[486,115734,115736,115737,44921,115739,115741],{"id":115735},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115738,15250],{},[18,115740,96303],{}," is better",[14,115743,115744,115745,115747],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115746,96303],{}," is usually the better choice.",[54,115749,115751],{"className":56,"code":115750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115752,115753,115769,115787,115791,115801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115754,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115756,15925],{"class":69},[63,115758,74],{"class":73},[63,115760,811],{"class":81},[63,115762,117],{"class":116},[63,115764,58408],{"class":120},[63,115766,117],{"class":116},[63,115768,846],{"class":81},[63,115770,115771,115773,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115772,15963],{"class":69},[63,115774,259],{"class":81},[63,115776,82203],{"class":145},[63,115778,113],{"class":81},[63,115780,117],{"class":116},[63,115782,580],{"class":120},[63,115784,117],{"class":116},[63,115786,126],{"class":81},[63,115788,115789],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,115790,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,115792,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,115794,140],{"class":139},[63,115796,113],{"class":81},[63,115798,15963],{"class":145},[63,115800,126],{"class":81},[63,115802,115803],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,115804,114991],{"class":1910},[49,115806,2165],{"id":2164},[486,115808,13011,115810,97393],{"id":115809},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115811,97414],{},[14,115813,97396,115814,259],{},[18,115815,4115],{},[486,115817,28619,115818,32518],{"id":32515},[18,115819,15250],{},[14,115821,115822],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[486,115824,2169,115826,4726,115828,2827],{"id":115825},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115827,96303],{},[18,115829,15250],{},[14,115831,115832,115834,115835,115837],{},[18,115833,96303],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115836,15250],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[486,115839,115841],{"id":115840},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115843,115844,115845,114840],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115846,15250],{},[486,115848,115850],{"id":115849},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115852,222,115853,11398,115855,259],{},[18,115854,102899],{},[18,115856,15250],{},[49,115858,2219],{"id":2218},[29,115860,115861,115868,115875,115881,115887],{},[32,115862,115863],{},[196,115864,115865],{"href":98600},[18,115866,115867],{},"Python set add() method",[32,115869,115870],{},[196,115871,115872],{"href":102896},[18,115873,115874],{},"Python set union() method",[32,115876,115877],{},[196,115878,115879],{"href":97983},[18,115880,97438],{},[32,115882,115883],{},[196,115884,115885],{"href":99177},[18,115886,100444],{},[32,115888,115889],{},[196,115890,115891,115893],{"href":1064},[18,115892,115660],{}," fix",[14,115895,115896,115897,115899,115900,115902],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115898,96308],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115901,108143],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2259,115904,115905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":115907},[115908,115909,115911,115912,115913,115914,115915,115916,115918,115923,115930,115939],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":114138,"depth":103,"text":115910},"What set.update() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":22263,"depth":103,"text":22264},{"id":114524,"depth":103,"text":114525},{"id":114627,"depth":103,"text":114628},{"id":114834,"depth":103,"text":114835},{"id":114994,"depth":103,"text":115917},"update() vs add()",{"id":115214,"depth":103,"text":115919,"children":115920},"update() vs union()",[115921,115922],{"id":30756,"depth":129,"text":15250},{"id":111369,"depth":129,"text":102899},{"id":115414,"depth":103,"text":115415,"children":115924},[115925,115926,115927,115928],{"id":115422,"depth":129,"text":115423},{"id":115552,"depth":129,"text":115553},{"id":115663,"depth":129,"text":115664},{"id":115735,"depth":129,"text":115929},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":115931},[115932,115934,115935,115937,115938],{"id":115809,"depth":129,"text":115933},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32515,"depth":129,"text":32588},{"id":115825,"depth":129,"text":115936},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115840,"depth":129,"text":115841},{"id":115849,"depth":129,"text":115850},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114050,"description":115940},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115946,"title":115947,"body":115948,"description":117714,"extension":2300,"meta":117715,"navigation":132,"path":1388,"seo":117716,"stem":117717,"__hash__":117718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115949,"toc":117689},[115950,115953,115956,115959,115970,115978,115981,115983,116132,116144,116148,116165,116169,116177,116179,116190,116192,116289,116295,116298,116394,116403,116408,116412,116417,116419,116429,116431,116540,116548,116552,116555,116558,116575,116581,116661,116664,116668,116671,116675,116678,116737,116740,116744,116747,116839,116843,116846,116953,116957,116963,116991,116993,117075,117085,117089,117092,117103,117106,117191,117194,117199,117203,117206,117217,117220,117362,117365,117369,117372,117386,117389,117450,117456,117458,117461,117483,117486,117586,117589,117621,117623,117627,117630,117632,117635,117639,117642,117646,117649,117653,117656,117658,117686],[10,115951,115947],{"id":115952},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115954,115955],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115957,115958],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[29,115960,115961,115964,115967],{},[32,115962,115963],{},"a list inside another list",[32,115965,115966],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[32,115968,115969],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115971,100366,115972,4726,115974,115977],{},[1217,115973,1219],{},[1217,115975,115976],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115979,115980],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[49,115982,52],{"id":51},[54,115984,115986],{"className":56,"code":115985,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115987,115988,115995,115999,116025,116045,116065,116069,116087,116091,116104,116118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,115989,115990,115992],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,115991,35385],{"class":1155},[63,115993,115994],{"class":69}," copy\n",[63,115996,115997],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,115998,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116002,1086],{"class":69},[63,116004,74],{"class":73},[63,116006,1234],{"class":81},[63,116008,86],{"class":85},[63,116010,89],{"class":81},[63,116012,92],{"class":85},[63,116014,1243],{"class":81},[63,116016,1091],{"class":81},[63,116018,1248],{"class":85},[63,116020,89],{"class":81},[63,116022,705],{"class":85},[63,116024,1255],{"class":81},[63,116026,116027,116030,116032,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116028,116029],{"class":69},"shallow ",[63,116031,74],{"class":73},[63,116033,116034],{"class":69}," copy",[63,116036,259],{"class":81},[63,116038,13216],{"class":145},[63,116040,113],{"class":81},[63,116042,1117],{"class":145},[63,116044,126],{"class":81},[63,116046,116047,116050,116052,116054,116056,116059,116061,116063],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116048,116049],{"class":69},"deep ",[63,116051,74],{"class":73},[63,116053,116034],{"class":69},[63,116055,259],{"class":81},[63,116057,116058],{"class":145},"deepcopy",[63,116060,113],{"class":81},[63,116062,1117],{"class":145},[63,116064,126],{"class":81},[63,116066,116067],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116068,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116070,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116072,1117],{"class":69},[63,116074,173],{"class":81},[63,116076,687],{"class":85},[63,116078,1284],{"class":81},[63,116080,401],{"class":145},[63,116082,113],{"class":81},[63,116084,1291],{"class":85},[63,116086,126],{"class":81},[63,116088,116089],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,116090,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,116094,140],{"class":139},[63,116096,113],{"class":81},[63,116098,1117],{"class":145},[63,116100,3997],{"class":81},[63,116102,116103],{"class":1910},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[63,116105,116106,116108,116110,116113,116115],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,116107,140],{"class":139},[63,116109,113],{"class":81},[63,116111,116112],{"class":145},"shallow",[63,116114,3997],{"class":81},[63,116116,116117],{"class":1910},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[63,116119,116120,116122,116124,116127,116129],{"class":65,"line":11903},[63,116121,140],{"class":139},[63,116123,113],{"class":81},[63,116125,116126],{"class":145},"deep",[63,116128,3997],{"class":81},[63,116130,116131],{"class":1910},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116133,222,116134,116137,116138,4726,116140,116143],{},[18,116135,116136],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1217,116139,1219],{},[18,116141,116142],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[49,116145,116147],{"id":116146},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[29,116149,116150,116153,116156,116159,116162],{},[32,116151,116152],{},"What a copy means in Python",[32,116154,116155],{},"How shallow copy works",[32,116157,116158],{},"How deep copy works",[32,116160,116161],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[32,116163,116164],{},"When to use each approach",[49,116166,116168],{"id":116167},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116170,15485,116171,116173,116174,116176],{},[1217,116172,1219],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1217,116175,4961],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116178,2444],{},[29,116180,116181,116184,116187],{},[32,116182,116183],{},"the outer container is new",[32,116185,116186],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[32,116188,116189],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116191,2543],{},[54,116193,116195],{"className":56,"code":116194,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,116196,116197,116223,116237,116241,116259,116263,116276],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116200,1086],{"class":69},[63,116202,74],{"class":73},[63,116204,1234],{"class":81},[63,116206,86],{"class":85},[63,116208,89],{"class":81},[63,116210,92],{"class":85},[63,116212,1243],{"class":81},[63,116214,1091],{"class":81},[63,116216,1248],{"class":85},[63,116218,89],{"class":81},[63,116220,705],{"class":85},[63,116222,1255],{"class":81},[63,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116226,1108],{"class":69},[63,116228,74],{"class":73},[63,116230,12468],{"class":69},[63,116232,259],{"class":81},[63,116234,13216],{"class":145},[63,116236,279],{"class":81},[63,116238,116239],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116240,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116242,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116244,1142],{"class":69},[63,116246,259],{"class":81},[63,116248,401],{"class":145},[63,116250,2071],{"class":81},[63,116252,661],{"class":85},[63,116254,89],{"class":81},[63,116256,37934],{"class":85},[63,116258,2080],{"class":81},[63,116260,116261],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116262,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116264,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116266,140],{"class":139},[63,116268,113],{"class":81},[63,116270,1117],{"class":145},[63,116272,3997],{"class":81},[63,116274,116275],{"class":1910},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[63,116277,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116279,140],{"class":139},[63,116281,113],{"class":81},[63,116283,1142],{"class":145},[63,116285,3997],{"class":81},[63,116287,116288],{"class":1910},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116290,116291,116292,116294],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,116293,1142],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116296,116297],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[54,116299,116301],{"className":56,"code":116300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116302,116303,116329,116343,116347,116365,116369,116381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116304,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116306,1086],{"class":69},[63,116308,74],{"class":73},[63,116310,1234],{"class":81},[63,116312,86],{"class":85},[63,116314,89],{"class":81},[63,116316,92],{"class":85},[63,116318,1243],{"class":81},[63,116320,1091],{"class":81},[63,116322,1248],{"class":85},[63,116324,89],{"class":81},[63,116326,705],{"class":85},[63,116328,1255],{"class":81},[63,116330,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116332,1108],{"class":69},[63,116334,74],{"class":73},[63,116336,12468],{"class":69},[63,116338,259],{"class":81},[63,116340,13216],{"class":145},[63,116342,279],{"class":81},[63,116344,116345],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116346,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116348,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116350,1142],{"class":69},[63,116352,173],{"class":81},[63,116354,687],{"class":85},[63,116356,1284],{"class":81},[63,116358,401],{"class":145},[63,116360,113],{"class":81},[63,116362,1291],{"class":85},[63,116364,126],{"class":81},[63,116366,116367],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116368,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116370,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116372,140],{"class":139},[63,116374,113],{"class":81},[63,116376,1117],{"class":145},[63,116378,3997],{"class":81},[63,116380,116103],{"class":1910},[63,116382,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116384,140],{"class":139},[63,116386,113],{"class":81},[63,116388,1142],{"class":145},[63,116390,3997],{"class":81},[63,116392,116393],{"class":1910},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116395,116396,116397,4726,116399,116402],{},"Both changed because ",[18,116398,56732],{},[18,116400,116401],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116404,116405,116406,259],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[196,116407,44227],{"href":12374},[49,116409,116411],{"id":116410},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116413,15485,116414,116416],{},[1217,116415,115976],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116418,2444],{},[29,116420,116421,116423,116426],{},[32,116422,116183],{},[32,116424,116425],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[32,116427,116428],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116430,2543],{},[54,116432,116434],{"className":56,"code":116433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,116435,116436,116442,116446,116472,116490,116494,116512,116516,116528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116437,116438,116440],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116439,35385],{"class":1155},[63,116441,115994],{"class":69},[63,116443,116444],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116445,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116447,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116449,1086],{"class":69},[63,116451,74],{"class":73},[63,116453,1234],{"class":81},[63,116455,86],{"class":85},[63,116457,89],{"class":81},[63,116459,92],{"class":85},[63,116461,1243],{"class":81},[63,116463,1091],{"class":81},[63,116465,1248],{"class":85},[63,116467,89],{"class":81},[63,116469,705],{"class":85},[63,116471,1255],{"class":81},[63,116473,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116475,1108],{"class":69},[63,116477,74],{"class":73},[63,116479,116034],{"class":69},[63,116481,259],{"class":81},[63,116483,116058],{"class":145},[63,116485,113],{"class":81},[63,116487,1117],{"class":145},[63,116489,126],{"class":81},[63,116491,116492],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116493,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116495,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116497,1142],{"class":69},[63,116499,173],{"class":81},[63,116501,687],{"class":85},[63,116503,1284],{"class":81},[63,116505,401],{"class":145},[63,116507,113],{"class":81},[63,116509,1291],{"class":85},[63,116511,126],{"class":81},[63,116513,116514],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116515,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116517,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,116519,140],{"class":139},[63,116521,113],{"class":81},[63,116523,1117],{"class":145},[63,116525,3997],{"class":81},[63,116527,116275],{"class":1910},[63,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,116531,140],{"class":139},[63,116533,113],{"class":81},[63,116535,1142],{"class":145},[63,116537,3997],{"class":81},[63,116539,116393],{"class":1910},[14,116541,116542,116543,116545,116546,259],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,116544,116401],{}," does not change ",[18,116547,56732],{},[49,116549,116551],{"id":116550},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116553,116554],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116556,116557],{},"Common reasons:",[29,116559,116560,116563,116566,116572],{},[32,116561,116562],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[32,116564,116565],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[32,116567,116568,116569,116571],{},"Assignment with ",[18,116570,74],{}," does not make a copy",[32,116573,116574],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116576,116577,116578,116580],{},"For example, this does ",[1217,116579,4961],{}," create a copy:",[54,116582,116584],{"className":56,"code":116583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116585,116586,116606,116614,116618,116632,116636,116648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116587,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116589,1086],{"class":69},[63,116591,74],{"class":73},[63,116593,1091],{"class":81},[63,116595,86],{"class":85},[63,116597,89],{"class":81},[63,116599,92],{"class":85},[63,116601,89],{"class":81},[63,116603,97],{"class":85},[63,116605,186],{"class":81},[63,116607,116608,116610,116612],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116609,1108],{"class":69},[63,116611,74],{"class":73},[63,116613,12432],{"class":69},[63,116615,116616],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116617,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116621,1142],{"class":69},[63,116623,259],{"class":81},[63,116625,401],{"class":145},[63,116627,113],{"class":81},[63,116629,2840],{"class":85},[63,116631,126],{"class":81},[63,116633,116634],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116635,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116639,140],{"class":139},[63,116641,113],{"class":81},[63,116643,1117],{"class":145},[63,116645,3997],{"class":81},[63,116647,55986],{"class":1910},[63,116649,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116651,140],{"class":139},[63,116653,113],{"class":81},[63,116655,1142],{"class":145},[63,116657,3997],{"class":81},[63,116659,116660],{"class":1910},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116662,116663],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[49,116665,116667],{"id":116666},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116669,116670],{},"These three ideas are different.",[486,116672,116674],{"id":116673},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116676,116677],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[54,116679,116681],{"className":56,"code":116680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116682,116683,116709,116717,116721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116686,1086],{"class":69},[63,116688,74],{"class":73},[63,116690,1234],{"class":81},[63,116692,86],{"class":85},[63,116694,89],{"class":81},[63,116696,92],{"class":85},[63,116698,1243],{"class":81},[63,116700,1091],{"class":81},[63,116702,1248],{"class":85},[63,116704,89],{"class":81},[63,116706,705],{"class":85},[63,116708,1255],{"class":81},[63,116710,116711,116713,116715],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116712,14401],{"class":69},[63,116714,74],{"class":73},[63,116716,12432],{"class":69},[63,116718,116719],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116720,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116722,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116724,140],{"class":139},[63,116726,113],{"class":81},[63,116728,1086],{"class":145},[63,116730,1156],{"class":1155},[63,116732,14469],{"class":145},[63,116734,3997],{"class":81},[63,116736,4000],{"class":1910},[14,116738,116739],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[486,116741,116743],{"id":116742},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116745,116746],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[54,116748,116750],{"className":56,"code":116749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116751,116752,116778,116792,116796,116813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116753,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116755,1086],{"class":69},[63,116757,74],{"class":73},[63,116759,1234],{"class":81},[63,116761,86],{"class":85},[63,116763,89],{"class":81},[63,116765,92],{"class":85},[63,116767,1243],{"class":81},[63,116769,1091],{"class":81},[63,116771,1248],{"class":85},[63,116773,89],{"class":81},[63,116775,705],{"class":85},[63,116777,1255],{"class":81},[63,116779,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116781,116029],{"class":69},[63,116783,74],{"class":73},[63,116785,12468],{"class":69},[63,116787,259],{"class":81},[63,116789,13216],{"class":145},[63,116791,279],{"class":81},[63,116793,116794],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116795,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116797,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806,116809,116811],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116799,140],{"class":139},[63,116801,113],{"class":81},[63,116803,1086],{"class":145},[63,116805,1156],{"class":1155},[63,116807,116808],{"class":145}," shallow",[63,116810,3997],{"class":81},[63,116812,21495],{"class":1910},[63,116814,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116816,140],{"class":139},[63,116818,113],{"class":81},[63,116820,1117],{"class":145},[63,116822,173],{"class":81},[63,116824,687],{"class":85},[63,116826,13578],{"class":81},[63,116828,1047],{"class":1155},[63,116830,116808],{"class":145},[63,116832,173],{"class":81},[63,116834,687],{"class":85},[63,116836,20740],{"class":81},[63,116838,4000],{"class":1910},[486,116840,116842],{"id":116841},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116844,116845],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[54,116847,116849],{"className":56,"code":116848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116850,116851,116857,116861,116887,116905,116909,116927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116852,116853,116855],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,116854,35385],{"class":1155},[63,116856,115994],{"class":69},[63,116858,116859],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,116860,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116862,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,116864,1086],{"class":69},[63,116866,74],{"class":73},[63,116868,1234],{"class":81},[63,116870,86],{"class":85},[63,116872,89],{"class":81},[63,116874,92],{"class":85},[63,116876,1243],{"class":81},[63,116878,1091],{"class":81},[63,116880,1248],{"class":85},[63,116882,89],{"class":81},[63,116884,705],{"class":85},[63,116886,1255],{"class":81},[63,116888,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,116890,116049],{"class":69},[63,116892,74],{"class":73},[63,116894,116034],{"class":69},[63,116896,259],{"class":81},[63,116898,116058],{"class":145},[63,116900,113],{"class":81},[63,116902,1117],{"class":145},[63,116904,126],{"class":81},[63,116906,116907],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,116908,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116922,116924],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,116912,140],{"class":139},[63,116914,113],{"class":81},[63,116916,1086],{"class":145},[63,116918,1156],{"class":1155},[63,116920,116921],{"class":145}," deep",[63,116923,3997],{"class":81},[63,116925,116926],{"class":1910},"         # False\n",[63,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,116930,140],{"class":139},[63,116932,113],{"class":81},[63,116934,1117],{"class":145},[63,116936,173],{"class":81},[63,116938,687],{"class":85},[63,116940,13578],{"class":81},[63,116942,1047],{"class":1155},[63,116944,116921],{"class":145},[63,116946,173],{"class":81},[63,116948,687],{"class":85},[63,116950,20740],{"class":81},[63,116952,44163],{"class":1910},[49,116954,116956],{"id":116955},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116958,116959,116960,821],{},"These all make ",[1217,116961,116962],{},"shallow copies",[29,116964,116965,116969,116973,116978,116984],{},[32,116966,116967],{},[18,116968,55886],{},[32,116970,116971],{},[18,116972,12741],{},[32,116974,116975],{},[18,116976,116977],{},"set.copy()",[32,116979,116980,116981],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116982,116983],{},"my_list[:]",[32,116985,116986,116988,116989,35375],{},[18,116987,116136],{}," from the ",[18,116990,13216],{},[14,116992,2462],{},[54,116994,116996],{"className":56,"code":116995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116997,116998,117018,117022,117036,117047,117051,117063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117001,70],{"class":69},[63,117003,74],{"class":73},[63,117005,1091],{"class":81},[63,117007,86],{"class":85},[63,117009,89],{"class":81},[63,117011,92],{"class":85},[63,117013,89],{"class":81},[63,117015,97],{"class":85},[63,117017,186],{"class":81},[63,117019,117020],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117021,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117023,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117025,2890],{"class":69},[63,117027,74],{"class":73},[63,117029,4595],{"class":69},[63,117031,259],{"class":81},[63,117033,13216],{"class":145},[63,117035,279],{"class":81},[63,117037,117038,117040,117042,117044],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117039,2918],{"class":69},[63,117041,74],{"class":73},[63,117043,4595],{"class":69},[63,117045,117046],{"class":81},"[:]\n",[63,117048,117049],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117050,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,117054,140],{"class":139},[63,117056,113],{"class":81},[63,117058,196],{"class":145},[63,117060,3997],{"class":81},[63,117062,55218],{"class":1910},[63,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,117066,140],{"class":139},[63,117068,113],{"class":81},[63,117070,206],{"class":145},[63,117072,3997],{"class":81},[63,117074,55218],{"class":1910},[14,117076,73237,117077,47825,117081,259],{},[196,117078,117079,11046],{"href":55246},[18,117080,55886],{},[196,117082,117083,11046],{"href":12738},[18,117084,12741],{},[49,117086,117088],{"id":117087},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117090,117091],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[29,117093,117094,117097,117100],{},[32,117095,117096],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[32,117098,117099],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[32,117101,117102],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117104,117105],{},"Example with a flat list:",[54,117107,117109],{"className":56,"code":117108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,117110,117111,117131,117145,117149,117163,117167,117179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117112,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117114,1086],{"class":69},[63,117116,74],{"class":73},[63,117118,1091],{"class":81},[63,117120,86],{"class":85},[63,117122,89],{"class":81},[63,117124,92],{"class":85},[63,117126,89],{"class":81},[63,117128,97],{"class":85},[63,117130,186],{"class":81},[63,117132,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117134,1108],{"class":69},[63,117136,74],{"class":73},[63,117138,12468],{"class":69},[63,117140,259],{"class":81},[63,117142,13216],{"class":145},[63,117144,279],{"class":81},[63,117146,117147],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117148,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117152,1142],{"class":69},[63,117154,259],{"class":81},[63,117156,401],{"class":145},[63,117158,113],{"class":81},[63,117160,2840],{"class":85},[63,117162,126],{"class":81},[63,117164,117165],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117166,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,117170,140],{"class":139},[63,117172,113],{"class":81},[63,117174,1117],{"class":145},[63,117176,3997],{"class":81},[63,117178,55218],{"class":1910},[63,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,117182,140],{"class":139},[63,117184,113],{"class":81},[63,117186,1142],{"class":145},[63,117188,3997],{"class":81},[63,117190,116660],{"class":1910},[14,117192,117193],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117195,117196,117197,259],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[196,117198,15184],{"href":57500},[49,117200,117202],{"id":117201},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117204,117205],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[29,117207,117208,117211,117214],{},[32,117209,117210],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[32,117212,117213],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[32,117215,117216],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117218,117219],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[54,117221,117223],{"className":56,"code":117222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,117224,117225,117231,117235,117261,117275,117293,117297,117319,117323,117336,117349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117226,117227,117229],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117228,35385],{"class":1155},[63,117230,115994],{"class":69},[63,117232,117233],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117234,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117238,1086],{"class":69},[63,117240,74],{"class":73},[63,117242,811],{"class":81},[63,117244,117],{"class":116},[63,117246,16686],{"class":120},[63,117248,117],{"class":116},[63,117250,821],{"class":81},[63,117252,1091],{"class":81},[63,117254,741],{"class":85},[63,117256,89],{"class":81},[63,117258,746],{"class":85},[63,117260,14006],{"class":81},[63,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117264,116029],{"class":69},[63,117266,74],{"class":73},[63,117268,12468],{"class":69},[63,117270,259],{"class":81},[63,117272,13216],{"class":145},[63,117274,279],{"class":81},[63,117276,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117278,116049],{"class":69},[63,117280,74],{"class":73},[63,117282,116034],{"class":69},[63,117284,259],{"class":81},[63,117286,116058],{"class":145},[63,117288,113],{"class":81},[63,117290,1117],{"class":145},[63,117292,126],{"class":81},[63,117294,117295],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,117296,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117298,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,117300,1117],{"class":69},[63,117302,173],{"class":81},[63,117304,117],{"class":116},[63,117306,16686],{"class":120},[63,117308,117],{"class":116},[63,117310,1284],{"class":81},[63,117312,401],{"class":145},[63,117314,113],{"class":81},[63,117316,37132],{"class":85},[63,117318,126],{"class":81},[63,117320,117321],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,117322,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,117326,140],{"class":139},[63,117328,113],{"class":81},[63,117330,1117],{"class":145},[63,117332,3997],{"class":81},[63,117334,117335],{"class":1910},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[63,117337,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":65,"line":6756},[63,117339,140],{"class":139},[63,117341,113],{"class":81},[63,117343,116112],{"class":145},[63,117345,3997],{"class":81},[63,117347,117348],{"class":1910},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[63,117350,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359],{"class":65,"line":11903},[63,117352,140],{"class":139},[63,117354,113],{"class":81},[63,117356,116126],{"class":145},[63,117358,3997],{"class":81},[63,117360,117361],{"class":1910},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117363,117364],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[49,117366,117368],{"id":117367},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117370,117371],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[29,117373,117374,117377,117380,117383],{},[32,117375,117376],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[32,117378,117379],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[32,117381,117382],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[32,117384,117385],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117387,117388],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[54,117390,117392],{"className":56,"code":117391,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,117393,117394,117402,117410,117414,117422,117426,117438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117395,117396,117398,117400],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117397,2890],{"class":69},[63,117399,74],{"class":73},[63,117401,2923],{"class":85},[63,117403,117404,117406,117408],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117405,2918],{"class":69},[63,117407,74],{"class":73},[63,117409,36467],{"class":69},[63,117411,117412],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117413,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117415,117416,117418,117420],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117417,2918],{"class":69},[63,117419,74],{"class":73},[63,117421,14910],{"class":85},[63,117423,117424],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117425,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117427,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,117429,140],{"class":139},[63,117431,113],{"class":81},[63,117433,196],{"class":145},[63,117435,3997],{"class":81},[63,117437,27085],{"class":1910},[63,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,117441,140],{"class":139},[63,117443,113],{"class":81},[63,117445,206],{"class":145},[63,117447,3997],{"class":81},[63,117449,27906],{"class":1910},[14,117451,93608,117452,117455],{},[196,117453,117454],{"href":12374},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[49,117457,3167],{"id":3166},[14,117459,117460],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[29,117462,117463,117467,117472,117477,117480],{},[32,117464,8733,117465,57064],{},[18,117466,74],{},[32,117468,8733,117469,117471],{},[18,117470,55886],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[32,117473,8733,117474,117476],{},[18,117475,12741],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[32,117478,117479],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[32,117481,117482],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117484,117485],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[54,117487,117489],{"className":56,"code":117488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,117490,117491,117505,117519,117541,117572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117492,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117494,140],{"class":139},[63,117496,113],{"class":81},[63,117498,1086],{"class":145},[63,117500,1156],{"class":1155},[63,117502,1159],{"class":145},[63,117504,126],{"class":81},[63,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117508,140],{"class":139},[63,117510,113],{"class":81},[63,117512,1086],{"class":145},[63,117514,5019],{"class":73},[63,117516,1159],{"class":145},[63,117518,126],{"class":81},[63,117520,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117522,140],{"class":139},[63,117524,113],{"class":81},[63,117526,12956],{"class":139},[63,117528,113],{"class":81},[63,117530,1117],{"class":145},[63,117532,1684],{"class":81},[63,117534,15112],{"class":139},[63,117536,113],{"class":81},[63,117538,1142],{"class":145},[63,117540,100],{"class":81},[63,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117544,140],{"class":139},[63,117546,113],{"class":81},[63,117548,12956],{"class":139},[63,117550,113],{"class":81},[63,117552,1117],{"class":145},[63,117554,173],{"class":81},[63,117556,687],{"class":85},[63,117558,117559],{"class":81},"]),",[63,117561,15112],{"class":139},[63,117563,113],{"class":81},[63,117565,1142],{"class":145},[63,117567,173],{"class":81},[63,117569,687],{"class":85},[63,117571,3334],{"class":81},[63,117573,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117575,140],{"class":139},[63,117577,113],{"class":81},[63,117579,3557],{"class":77},[63,117581,113],{"class":81},[63,117583,1117],{"class":145},[63,117585,100],{"class":81},[14,117587,117588],{},"What they tell you:",[29,117590,117591,117596,117601,117606,117616],{},[32,117592,117593,117595],{},[18,117594,1156],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[32,117597,117598,117600],{},[18,117599,5019],{}," checks whether values are equal",[32,117602,117603,117605],{},[18,117604,43779],{}," shows the identity of an object",[32,117607,117608,117609,4726,117612,117615],{},"comparing ",[18,117610,117611],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117613,117614],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[32,117617,117618,117620],{},[18,117619,2637],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[49,117622,2165],{"id":2164},[486,117624,117626],{"id":117625},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117628,117629],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[486,117631,57550],{"id":57465},[14,117633,117634],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[486,117636,117638],{"id":117637},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117640,117641],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[486,117643,117645],{"id":117644},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117647,117648],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[486,117650,117652],{"id":117651},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117654,117655],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[49,117657,2219],{"id":2218},[29,117659,117660,117665,117671,117677,117681],{},[32,117661,117662],{},[196,117663,117664],{"href":12374},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[32,117666,117667],{},[196,117668,3912,117669,11046],{"href":55246},[18,117670,55886],{},[32,117672,117673],{},[196,117674,3912,117675,11046],{"href":12738},[18,117676,12741],{},[32,117678,117679],{},[196,117680,15261],{"href":57500},[32,117682,117683],{},[196,117684,117685],{"href":58775},"What is a list in Python?",[2259,117687,117688],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":117690},[117691,117692,117693,117694,117695,117696,117701,117702,117703,117704,117705,117706,117713],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":116146,"depth":103,"text":116147},{"id":116167,"depth":103,"text":116168},{"id":116410,"depth":103,"text":116411},{"id":116550,"depth":103,"text":116551},{"id":116666,"depth":103,"text":116667,"children":117697},[117698,117699,117700],{"id":116673,"depth":129,"text":116674},{"id":116742,"depth":129,"text":116743},{"id":116841,"depth":129,"text":116842},{"id":116955,"depth":103,"text":116956},{"id":117087,"depth":103,"text":117088},{"id":117201,"depth":103,"text":117202},{"id":117367,"depth":103,"text":117368},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":117707},[117708,117709,117710,117711,117712],{"id":117625,"depth":129,"text":117626},{"id":57465,"depth":129,"text":57550},{"id":117637,"depth":129,"text":117638},{"id":117644,"depth":129,"text":117645},{"id":117651,"depth":129,"text":117652},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115947,"description":117714},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117720,"title":117721,"body":117722,"description":119579,"extension":2300,"meta":119580,"navigation":132,"path":119581,"seo":119582,"stem":119583,"__hash__":119584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117723,"toc":119537},[117724,117729,117734,117742,117744,117812,117817,117822,117837,117840,117842,117873,117875,117895,117898,117913,117915,117918,117991,117993,118038,118040,118051,118056,118060,118065,118068,118107,118109,118129,118132,118189,118191,118226,118229,118268,118270,118290,118293,118324,118326,118382,118384,118389,118460,118462,118495,118500,118505,118570,118572,118609,118612,118689,118691,118751,118758,118763,118766,118769,118850,118852,118893,118898,118901,118979,118981,119014,119023,119030,119033,119044,119047,119058,119062,119070,119079,119083,119088,119092,119097,119140,119143,119149,119152,119154,119201,119206,119210,119213,119262,119264,119285,119288,119290,119315,119318,119439,119444,119446,119451,119454,119459,119462,119470,119475,119482,119485,119493,119496,119498,119534],[10,117725,3912,117727,3916],{"id":117726},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117728,74521],{},[14,117730,117731,117733],{},[18,117732,74521],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117735,117736,117737,2524,117739,117741],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117738,77964],{},[18,117740,74521],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[49,117743,3946],{"id":3945},[54,117745,117747],{"className":56,"code":117746,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117748,117749,117769,117783,117787,117799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117750,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117752,70],{"class":69},[63,117754,74],{"class":73},[63,117756,1091],{"class":81},[63,117758,1248],{"class":85},[63,117760,89],{"class":81},[63,117762,692],{"class":85},[63,117764,89],{"class":81},[63,117766,92],{"class":85},[63,117768,186],{"class":81},[63,117770,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117772,851],{"class":69},[63,117774,74],{"class":73},[63,117776,74655],{"class":139},[63,117778,113],{"class":81},[63,117780,146],{"class":145},[63,117782,126],{"class":81},[63,117784,117785],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117786,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117790,140],{"class":139},[63,117792,113],{"class":81},[63,117794,875],{"class":145},[63,117796,3997],{"class":81},[63,117798,55973],{"class":1910},[63,117800,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117802,140],{"class":139},[63,117804,113],{"class":81},[63,117806,146],{"class":145},[63,117808,3997],{"class":81},[63,117810,117811],{"class":1910},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117813,117814,117816],{},[18,117815,74521],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[49,117818,4014,117820,4017],{"id":117819},"what-sorted-does",[18,117821,74521],{},[29,117823,117824,117828,117831,117834],{},[32,117825,117826,237],{},[18,117827,74521],{},[32,117829,117830],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[32,117832,117833],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[32,117835,117836],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117838,117839],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[49,117841,263],{"id":262},[54,117843,117845],{"className":56,"code":117844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117846,117847],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117848,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117850,74611],{"class":139},[63,117852,113],{"class":81},[63,117854,288],{"class":145},[63,117856,89],{"class":81},[63,117858,21874],{"class":9491},[63,117860,74],{"class":73},[63,117862,4115],{"class":1205},[63,117864,89],{"class":81},[63,117866,78167],{"class":9491},[63,117868,74],{"class":73},[63,117870,4010],{"class":1205},[63,117872,126],{"class":81},[486,117874,17691],{"id":17690},[29,117876,117877,117882,117887],{},[32,117878,117879,117881],{},[18,117880,288],{},": the values to sort",[32,117883,117884,117886],{},[18,117885,15137],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[32,117888,117889,117891,117892,117894],{},[18,117890,73674],{},": set to ",[18,117893,3941],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117896,117897],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[54,117899,117901],{"className":56,"code":117900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117902,117903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117906,74611],{"class":139},[63,117908,113],{"class":81},[63,117910,60584],{"class":145},[63,117912,126],{"class":81},[49,117914,11783],{"id":11782},[14,117916,117917],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[54,117919,117921],{"className":56,"code":117920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117922,117923,117947,117951,117966,117970,117981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,117926,70],{"class":69},[63,117928,74],{"class":73},[63,117930,1091],{"class":81},[63,117932,661],{"class":85},[63,117934,89],{"class":81},[63,117936,92],{"class":85},[63,117938,89],{"class":81},[63,117940,6679],{"class":85},[63,117942,89],{"class":81},[63,117944,692],{"class":85},[63,117946,186],{"class":81},[63,117948,117949],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,117950,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117952,117953,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,117954,117955],{"class":69},"sorted_numbers ",[63,117957,74],{"class":73},[63,117959,74655],{"class":139},[63,117961,113],{"class":81},[63,117963,146],{"class":145},[63,117965,126],{"class":81},[63,117967,117968],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,117969,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,117971,117972,117974,117976,117979],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,117973,140],{"class":139},[63,117975,113],{"class":81},[63,117977,117978],{"class":145},"sorted_numbers",[63,117980,126],{"class":81},[63,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,117984,140],{"class":139},[63,117986,113],{"class":81},[63,117988,146],{"class":145},[63,117990,126],{"class":81},[14,117992,163],{},[54,117994,117996],{"className":56,"code":117995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117997,117998,118018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,117999,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118001,173],{"class":81},[63,118003,86],{"class":85},[63,118005,89],{"class":81},[63,118007,92],{"class":85},[63,118009,89],{"class":81},[63,118011,4935],{"class":85},[63,118013,89],{"class":81},[63,118015,6679],{"class":85},[63,118017,186],{"class":81},[63,118019,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118021,173],{"class":81},[63,118023,661],{"class":85},[63,118025,89],{"class":81},[63,118027,92],{"class":85},[63,118029,89],{"class":81},[63,118031,6679],{"class":85},[63,118033,89],{"class":81},[63,118035,692],{"class":85},[63,118037,186],{"class":81},[14,118039,14063],{},[29,118041,118042,118047],{},[32,118043,118044,118046],{},[18,118045,117978],{}," is a new sorted list",[32,118048,118049,112583],{},[18,118050,146],{},[14,118052,118053,118054,259],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[196,118055,78474],{"href":78473},[49,118057,118059],{"id":118058},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118061,118062,118064],{},[18,118063,74521],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[486,118066,118067],{"id":276},"List",[54,118069,118071],{"className":56,"code":118070,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,118072,118073,118093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118074,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118076,70],{"class":69},[63,118078,74],{"class":73},[63,118080,1091],{"class":81},[63,118082,1248],{"class":85},[63,118084,89],{"class":81},[63,118086,692],{"class":85},[63,118088,89],{"class":81},[63,118090,92],{"class":85},[63,118092,186],{"class":81},[63,118094,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118096,140],{"class":139},[63,118098,113],{"class":81},[63,118100,74611],{"class":139},[63,118102,113],{"class":81},[63,118104,146],{"class":145},[63,118106,100],{"class":81},[14,118108,163],{},[54,118110,118111],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,118112,118113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118114,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118116,173],{"class":81},[63,118118,86],{"class":85},[63,118120,89],{"class":81},[63,118122,92],{"class":85},[63,118124,89],{"class":81},[63,118126,97],{"class":85},[63,118128,186],{"class":81},[486,118130,118131],{"id":49245},"Tuple",[54,118133,118135],{"className":56,"code":118134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,118136,118137,118157,118171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118138,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118140,731],{"class":69},[63,118142,74],{"class":73},[63,118144,1687],{"class":81},[63,118146,1248],{"class":85},[63,118148,89],{"class":81},[63,118150,692],{"class":85},[63,118152,89],{"class":81},[63,118154,92],{"class":85},[63,118156,126],{"class":81},[63,118158,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118160,140],{"class":139},[63,118162,113],{"class":81},[63,118164,74611],{"class":139},[63,118166,113],{"class":81},[63,118168,763],{"class":145},[63,118170,100],{"class":81},[63,118172,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,118174,140],{"class":139},[63,118176,113],{"class":81},[63,118178,3557],{"class":77},[63,118180,113],{"class":81},[63,118182,74611],{"class":139},[63,118184,113],{"class":81},[63,118186,763],{"class":145},[63,118188,1965],{"class":81},[14,118190,163],{},[54,118192,118194],{"className":56,"code":118193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,118195,118196,118212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118199,173],{"class":81},[63,118201,86],{"class":85},[63,118203,89],{"class":81},[63,118205,92],{"class":85},[63,118207,89],{"class":81},[63,118209,97],{"class":85},[63,118211,186],{"class":81},[63,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118215,3626],{"class":73},[63,118217,3629],{"class":2402},[63,118219,203],{"class":116},[63,118221,276],{"class":120},[63,118223,193],{"class":116},[63,118225,3638],{"class":73},[486,118227,118228],{"id":6607},"Set",[54,118230,118232],{"className":56,"code":118231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118233,118234,118254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118235,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118237,731],{"class":69},[63,118239,74],{"class":73},[63,118241,811],{"class":81},[63,118243,1248],{"class":85},[63,118245,89],{"class":81},[63,118247,692],{"class":85},[63,118249,89],{"class":81},[63,118251,92],{"class":85},[63,118253,846],{"class":81},[63,118255,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118257,140],{"class":139},[63,118259,113],{"class":81},[63,118261,74611],{"class":139},[63,118263,113],{"class":81},[63,118265,763],{"class":145},[63,118267,100],{"class":81},[14,118269,163],{},[54,118271,118272],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,118273,118274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118275,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118277,173],{"class":81},[63,118279,86],{"class":85},[63,118281,89],{"class":81},[63,118283,92],{"class":85},[63,118285,89],{"class":81},[63,118287,97],{"class":85},[63,118289,186],{"class":81},[486,118291,118292],{"id":61446},"String",[54,118294,118296],{"className":56,"code":118295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,118297,118298,118310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118299,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118301,34981],{"class":69},[63,118303,74],{"class":73},[63,118305,824],{"class":116},[63,118307,58],{"class":120},[63,118309,3694],{"class":116},[63,118311,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118313,140],{"class":139},[63,118315,113],{"class":81},[63,118317,74611],{"class":139},[63,118319,113],{"class":81},[63,118321,35002],{"class":145},[63,118323,100],{"class":81},[14,118325,163],{},[54,118327,118328],{"className":56,"code":79491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,118329,118330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118331,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118333,173],{"class":81},[63,118335,193],{"class":116},[63,118337,985],{"class":120},[63,118339,193],{"class":116},[63,118341,89],{"class":81},[63,118343,203],{"class":116},[63,118345,76127],{"class":120},[63,118347,193],{"class":116},[63,118349,89],{"class":81},[63,118351,203],{"class":116},[63,118353,2049],{"class":120},[63,118355,193],{"class":116},[63,118357,89],{"class":81},[63,118359,203],{"class":116},[63,118361,14],{"class":120},[63,118363,193],{"class":116},[63,118365,89],{"class":81},[63,118367,203],{"class":116},[63,118369,626],{"class":120},[63,118371,193],{"class":116},[63,118373,89],{"class":81},[63,118375,203],{"class":116},[63,118377,12054],{"class":120},[63,118379,193],{"class":116},[63,118381,186],{"class":81},[486,118383,29514],{"id":15901},[14,118385,907,118386,118388],{},[18,118387,74521],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[54,118390,118392],{"className":56,"code":118391,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,118393,118394,118446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118397,806],{"class":69},[63,118399,74],{"class":73},[63,118401,811],{"class":81},[63,118403,117],{"class":116},[63,118405,816],{"class":120},[63,118407,117],{"class":116},[63,118409,821],{"class":81},[63,118411,824],{"class":116},[63,118413,827],{"class":120},[63,118415,117],{"class":116},[63,118417,89],{"class":81},[63,118419,824],{"class":116},[63,118421,836],{"class":120},[63,118423,117],{"class":116},[63,118425,821],{"class":81},[63,118427,746],{"class":85},[63,118429,89],{"class":81},[63,118431,824],{"class":116},[63,118433,10715],{"class":120},[63,118435,117],{"class":116},[63,118437,821],{"class":81},[63,118439,824],{"class":116},[63,118441,16328],{"class":120},[63,118443,117],{"class":116},[63,118445,846],{"class":81},[63,118447,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118449,140],{"class":139},[63,118451,113],{"class":81},[63,118453,74611],{"class":139},[63,118455,113],{"class":81},[63,118457,860],{"class":145},[63,118459,100],{"class":81},[14,118461,163],{},[54,118463,118465],{"className":56,"code":118464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,118466,118467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118468,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118470,173],{"class":81},[63,118472,193],{"class":116},[63,118474,836],{"class":120},[63,118476,193],{"class":116},[63,118478,89],{"class":81},[63,118480,203],{"class":116},[63,118482,10715],{"class":120},[63,118484,193],{"class":116},[63,118486,89],{"class":81},[63,118488,203],{"class":116},[63,118490,816],{"class":120},[63,118492,193],{"class":116},[63,118494,186],{"class":81},[49,118496,8733,118498],{"id":118497},"using-reversetrue",[18,118499,78188],{},[14,118501,222,118502,118504],{},[18,118503,78188],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[54,118506,118508],{"className":56,"code":118507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,118509,118510,118530,118534,118548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118513,70],{"class":69},[63,118515,74],{"class":73},[63,118517,1091],{"class":81},[63,118519,1248],{"class":85},[63,118521,89],{"class":81},[63,118523,692],{"class":85},[63,118525,89],{"class":81},[63,118527,92],{"class":85},[63,118529,186],{"class":81},[63,118531,118532],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118533,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,118535,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,118537,140],{"class":139},[63,118539,113],{"class":81},[63,118541,74611],{"class":139},[63,118543,113],{"class":81},[63,118545,146],{"class":145},[63,118547,100],{"class":81},[63,118549,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,118551,140],{"class":139},[63,118553,113],{"class":81},[63,118555,74611],{"class":139},[63,118557,113],{"class":81},[63,118559,146],{"class":145},[63,118561,89],{"class":81},[63,118563,78167],{"class":9491},[63,118565,74],{"class":73},[63,118567,3941],{"class":1205},[63,118569,100],{"class":81},[14,118571,163],{},[54,118573,118575],{"className":56,"code":118574,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118576,118577,118593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118578,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118580,173],{"class":81},[63,118582,86],{"class":85},[63,118584,89],{"class":81},[63,118586,92],{"class":85},[63,118588,89],{"class":81},[63,118590,97],{"class":85},[63,118592,186],{"class":81},[63,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118596,173],{"class":81},[63,118598,1248],{"class":85},[63,118600,89],{"class":81},[63,118602,92],{"class":85},[63,118604,89],{"class":81},[63,118606,692],{"class":85},[63,118608,186],{"class":81},[14,118610,118611],{},"This also works with strings:",[54,118613,118615],{"className":56,"code":118614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118616,118617,118649,118653,118667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118618,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118620,4403],{"class":69},[63,118622,74],{"class":73},[63,118624,1091],{"class":81},[63,118626,117],{"class":116},[63,118628,408],{"class":120},[63,118630,117],{"class":116},[63,118632,89],{"class":81},[63,118634,824],{"class":116},[63,118636,427],{"class":120},[63,118638,117],{"class":116},[63,118640,89],{"class":81},[63,118642,824],{"class":116},[63,118644,4428],{"class":120},[63,118646,117],{"class":116},[63,118648,186],{"class":81},[63,118650,118651],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118652,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,118654,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,118656,140],{"class":139},[63,118658,113],{"class":81},[63,118660,74611],{"class":139},[63,118662,113],{"class":81},[63,118664,4445],{"class":145},[63,118666,100],{"class":81},[63,118668,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,118670,140],{"class":139},[63,118672,113],{"class":81},[63,118674,74611],{"class":139},[63,118676,113],{"class":81},[63,118678,4445],{"class":145},[63,118680,89],{"class":81},[63,118682,78167],{"class":9491},[63,118684,74],{"class":73},[63,118686,3941],{"class":1205},[63,118688,100],{"class":81},[14,118690,163],{},[54,118692,118693],{"className":56,"code":74255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,118694,118695,118723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118696,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118698,173],{"class":81},[63,118700,193],{"class":116},[63,118702,408],{"class":120},[63,118704,193],{"class":116},[63,118706,89],{"class":81},[63,118708,203],{"class":116},[63,118710,427],{"class":120},[63,118712,193],{"class":116},[63,118714,89],{"class":81},[63,118716,203],{"class":116},[63,118718,4428],{"class":120},[63,118720,193],{"class":116},[63,118722,186],{"class":81},[63,118724,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118726,173],{"class":81},[63,118728,193],{"class":116},[63,118730,4428],{"class":120},[63,118732,193],{"class":116},[63,118734,89],{"class":81},[63,118736,203],{"class":116},[63,118738,427],{"class":120},[63,118740,193],{"class":116},[63,118742,89],{"class":81},[63,118744,203],{"class":116},[63,118746,408],{"class":120},[63,118748,193],{"class":116},[63,118750,186],{"class":81},[49,118752,8733,118754,118757],{"id":118753},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118755,118756],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118759,2317,118760,118762],{},[18,118761,118756],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118764,118765],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118767,118768],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[54,118770,118772],{"className":56,"code":118771,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118773,118774,118814,118818,118840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118775,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118777,4403],{"class":69},[63,118779,74],{"class":73},[63,118781,1091],{"class":81},[63,118783,117],{"class":116},[63,118785,78841],{"class":120},[63,118787,117],{"class":116},[63,118789,89],{"class":81},[63,118791,824],{"class":116},[63,118793,38648],{"class":120},[63,118795,117],{"class":116},[63,118797,89],{"class":81},[63,118799,824],{"class":116},[63,118801,427],{"class":120},[63,118803,117],{"class":116},[63,118805,89],{"class":81},[63,118807,824],{"class":116},[63,118809,38631],{"class":120},[63,118811,117],{"class":116},[63,118813,186],{"class":81},[63,118815,118816],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118817,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,118819,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,118821,851],{"class":69},[63,118823,74],{"class":73},[63,118825,74655],{"class":139},[63,118827,113],{"class":81},[63,118829,4445],{"class":145},[63,118831,89],{"class":81},[63,118833,21874],{"class":9491},[63,118835,74],{"class":73},[63,118837,11468],{"class":139},[63,118839,126],{"class":81},[63,118841,118842,118844,118846,118848],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,118843,140],{"class":139},[63,118845,113],{"class":81},[63,118847,875],{"class":145},[63,118849,126],{"class":81},[14,118851,163],{},[54,118853,118855],{"className":56,"code":118854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118856,118857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118858,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118860,173],{"class":81},[63,118862,193],{"class":116},[63,118864,38648],{"class":120},[63,118866,193],{"class":116},[63,118868,89],{"class":81},[63,118870,203],{"class":116},[63,118872,78841],{"class":120},[63,118874,193],{"class":116},[63,118876,89],{"class":81},[63,118878,203],{"class":116},[63,118880,38631],{"class":120},[63,118882,193],{"class":116},[63,118884,89],{"class":81},[63,118886,203],{"class":116},[63,118888,427],{"class":120},[63,118890,193],{"class":116},[63,118892,186],{"class":81},[14,118894,21065,118895,118897],{},[18,118896,11468],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118899,118900],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[54,118902,118904],{"className":56,"code":118903,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118905,118906,118939,118943,118969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118907,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118935,118937],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118909,4403],{"class":69},[63,118911,74],{"class":73},[63,118913,1091],{"class":81},[63,118915,117],{"class":116},[63,118917,83460],{"class":120},[63,118919,117],{"class":116},[63,118921,89],{"class":81},[63,118923,824],{"class":116},[63,118925,408],{"class":120},[63,118927,117],{"class":116},[63,118929,89],{"class":81},[63,118931,824],{"class":116},[63,118933,118934],{"class":120},"Cherry",[63,118936,117],{"class":116},[63,118938,186],{"class":81},[63,118940,118941],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,118942,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,118944,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,118946,851],{"class":69},[63,118948,74],{"class":73},[63,118950,74655],{"class":139},[63,118952,113],{"class":81},[63,118954,4445],{"class":145},[63,118956,89],{"class":81},[63,118958,21874],{"class":9491},[63,118960,74],{"class":73},[63,118962,3779],{"class":77},[63,118964,259],{"class":81},[63,118966,8957],{"class":25042},[63,118968,126],{"class":81},[63,118970,118971,118973,118975,118977],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,118972,140],{"class":139},[63,118974,113],{"class":81},[63,118976,875],{"class":145},[63,118978,126],{"class":81},[14,118980,163],{},[54,118982,118984],{"className":56,"code":118983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118985,118986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,118987,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,118989,173],{"class":81},[63,118991,193],{"class":116},[63,118993,408],{"class":120},[63,118995,193],{"class":116},[63,118997,89],{"class":81},[63,118999,203],{"class":116},[63,119001,83460],{"class":120},[63,119003,193],{"class":116},[63,119005,89],{"class":81},[63,119007,203],{"class":116},[63,119009,118934],{"class":120},[63,119011,193],{"class":116},[63,119013,186],{"class":81},[14,119015,119016,119017,35624,119019,259],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,119018,42651],{},[196,119020,3912,119021,3845],{"href":42648},[18,119022,42651],{},[49,119024,119026,10891,119028],{"id":119025},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,119027,74521],{},[18,119029,77964],{},[14,119031,119032],{},"The main difference is this:",[29,119034,119035,119040],{},[32,119036,119037,119039],{},[18,119038,74521],{}," returns a new list",[32,119041,119042,74059],{},[18,119043,77964],{},[14,119045,119046],{},"Also:",[29,119048,119049,119054],{},[32,119050,119051,119053],{},[18,119052,74521],{}," works with many iterables",[32,119055,119056,79397],{},[18,119057,77964],{},[14,119059,222,119060,1716],{},[18,119061,74521],{},[29,119063,119064,119067],{},[32,119065,119066],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[32,119068,119069],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119071,119072,119073,259],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[196,119074,3912,119075,10891,119077,6102],{"href":79222},[18,119076,74521],{},[18,119078,77964],{},[49,119080,119082],{"id":119081},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119084,119085,119086,259],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,119087,74521],{},[486,119089,119091],{"id":119090},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119093,119094,119095,821],{},"This can raise a ",[18,119096,1032],{},[54,119098,119100],{"className":56,"code":119099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,119101,119102,119126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119105,731],{"class":69},[63,119107,74],{"class":73},[63,119109,1091],{"class":81},[63,119111,86],{"class":85},[63,119113,89],{"class":81},[63,119115,824],{"class":116},[63,119117,2394],{"class":120},[63,119119,117],{"class":116},[63,119121,89],{"class":81},[63,119123,97],{"class":85},[63,119125,186],{"class":81},[63,119127,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119129,140],{"class":139},[63,119131,113],{"class":81},[63,119133,74611],{"class":139},[63,119135,113],{"class":81},[63,119137,763],{"class":145},[63,119139,100],{"class":81},[14,119141,119142],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[486,119144,119146,119147,2638],{"id":119145},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,119148,15137],{},[14,119150,119151],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119153,2543],{},[54,119155,119157],{"className":56,"code":119156,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,119158,119159,119179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119160,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119162,70],{"class":69},[63,119164,74],{"class":73},[63,119166,1091],{"class":81},[63,119168,741],{"class":85},[63,119170,89],{"class":81},[63,119172,92],{"class":85},[63,119174,89],{"class":81},[63,119176,751],{"class":85},[63,119178,186],{"class":81},[63,119180,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119182,140],{"class":139},[63,119184,113],{"class":81},[63,119186,74611],{"class":139},[63,119188,113],{"class":81},[63,119190,146],{"class":145},[63,119192,89],{"class":81},[63,119194,21874],{"class":9491},[63,119196,74],{"class":73},[63,119198,11468],{"class":139},[63,119200,100],{"class":81},[14,119202,48802,119203,119205],{},[18,119204,42651],{}," does not work on integers.",[486,119207,119209],{"id":119208},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119211,119212],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,119214,119216],{"className":56,"code":119215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119217,119218,119238,119248,119252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119219,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119221,70],{"class":69},[63,119223,74],{"class":73},[63,119225,1091],{"class":81},[63,119227,1248],{"class":85},[63,119229,89],{"class":81},[63,119231,692],{"class":85},[63,119233,89],{"class":81},[63,119235,92],{"class":85},[63,119237,186],{"class":81},[63,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119241,74611],{"class":139},[63,119243,113],{"class":81},[63,119245,146],{"class":145},[63,119247,126],{"class":81},[63,119249,119250],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,119251,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,119253,119254,119256,119258,119260],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,119255,140],{"class":139},[63,119257,113],{"class":81},[63,119259,146],{"class":145},[63,119261,126],{"class":81},[14,119263,163],{},[54,119265,119267],{"className":56,"code":119266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,119268,119269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119272,173],{"class":81},[63,119274,1248],{"class":85},[63,119276,89],{"class":81},[63,119278,692],{"class":85},[63,119280,89],{"class":81},[63,119282,92],{"class":85},[63,119284,186],{"class":81},[14,119286,119287],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[49,119289,3167],{"id":3166},[29,119291,119292,119296,119299,119304,119308],{},[32,119293,4909,119294,74059],{},[18,119295,74521],{},[32,119297,119298],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[32,119300,5035,119301,119303],{},[18,119302,74521],{}," always returns a list",[32,119305,8733,119306,23396],{},[18,119307,118756],{},[32,119309,29941,119310,119312,119313],{},[18,119311,1728],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,119314,74521],{},[14,119316,119317],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[54,119319,119321],{"className":56,"code":119320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,119322,119323,119345,119371,119409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119326,140],{"class":139},[63,119328,113],{"class":81},[63,119330,74611],{"class":139},[63,119332,2071],{"class":81},[63,119334,1248],{"class":85},[63,119336,89],{"class":81},[63,119338,692],{"class":85},[63,119340,89],{"class":81},[63,119342,92],{"class":85},[63,119344,3334],{"class":81},[63,119346,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119348,140],{"class":139},[63,119350,113],{"class":81},[63,119352,3557],{"class":77},[63,119354,113],{"class":81},[63,119356,74611],{"class":139},[63,119358,82],{"class":81},[63,119360,1248],{"class":85},[63,119362,89],{"class":81},[63,119364,692],{"class":85},[63,119366,89],{"class":81},[63,119368,92],{"class":85},[63,119370,93464],{"class":81},[63,119372,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,119374,140],{"class":139},[63,119376,113],{"class":81},[63,119378,74611],{"class":139},[63,119380,2071],{"class":81},[63,119382,193],{"class":116},[63,119384,83460],{"class":120},[63,119386,193],{"class":116},[63,119388,89],{"class":81},[63,119390,203],{"class":116},[63,119392,408],{"class":120},[63,119394,193],{"class":116},[63,119396,1243],{"class":81},[63,119398,21874],{"class":9491},[63,119400,74],{"class":73},[63,119402,3779],{"class":77},[63,119404,259],{"class":81},[63,119406,8957],{"class":25042},[63,119408,100],{"class":81},[63,119410,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,119412,140],{"class":139},[63,119414,113],{"class":81},[63,119416,74611],{"class":139},[63,119418,2071],{"class":81},[63,119420,1248],{"class":85},[63,119422,89],{"class":81},[63,119424,692],{"class":85},[63,119426,89],{"class":81},[63,119428,92],{"class":85},[63,119430,1243],{"class":81},[63,119432,78167],{"class":9491},[63,119434,74],{"class":73},[63,119436,3941],{"class":1205},[63,119438,100],{"class":81},[14,119440,119441,119442,259],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[196,119443,258],{"href":257},[49,119445,2165],{"id":2164},[486,119447,13011,119449,57444],{"id":119448},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,119450,74521],{},[14,119452,119453],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[486,119455,5469,119457,13023],{"id":119456},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,119458,74521],{},[14,119460,119461],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[486,119463,119465,119466,11398,119468,2827],{"id":119464},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,119467,74521],{},[18,119469,77964],{},[14,119471,222,119472,119474],{},[18,119473,74521],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[486,119476,5469,119478,86548,119480,2827],{"id":119477},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,119479,118756],{},[18,119481,74521],{},[14,119483,119484],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[486,119486,5485,119488,119490,119491,2827],{"id":119487},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,119489,74521],{}," give a ",[18,119492,1032],{},[14,119494,119495],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[49,119497,2219],{"id":2218},[29,119499,119500,119504,119512,119516,119522,119528],{},[32,119501,119502],{},[196,119503,79970],{"href":78473},[32,119505,119506],{},[196,119507,3912,119508,10891,119510,6102],{"href":79222},[18,119509,74521],{},[18,119511,77964],{},[32,119513,119514],{},[196,119515,258],{"href":257},[32,119517,119518],{},[196,119519,3912,119520,3845],{"href":42648},[18,119521,42651],{},[32,119523,119524],{},[196,119525,3912,119526,3845],{"href":92120},[18,119527,36044],{},[32,119529,119530],{},[196,119531,3912,119532,3845],{"href":713},[18,119533,716],{},[2259,119535,119536],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":119538},[119539,119540,119542,119545,119546,119553,119555,119557,119559,119565,119566,119578],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":117819,"depth":103,"text":119541},"What sorted() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":119543},[119544],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":118058,"depth":103,"text":118059,"children":119547},[119548,119549,119550,119551,119552],{"id":276,"depth":129,"text":118067},{"id":49245,"depth":129,"text":118131},{"id":6607,"depth":129,"text":118228},{"id":61446,"depth":129,"text":118292},{"id":15901,"depth":129,"text":29514},{"id":118497,"depth":103,"text":119554},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118753,"depth":103,"text":119556},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119025,"depth":103,"text":119558},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119081,"depth":103,"text":119082,"children":119560},[119561,119562,119564],{"id":119090,"depth":129,"text":119091},{"id":119145,"depth":129,"text":119563},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119208,"depth":129,"text":119209},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":119567},[119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"id":119448,"depth":129,"text":119569},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119456,"depth":129,"text":119571},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119464,"depth":129,"text":119573},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119477,"depth":129,"text":119575},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119487,"depth":129,"text":119577},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117721,"description":119579},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119586,"title":119587,"body":119588,"description":121699,"extension":2300,"meta":121700,"navigation":132,"path":79222,"seo":121701,"stem":121702,"__hash__":121703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119589,"toc":121646},[119590,119597,119600,119610,119616,119619,119637,119645,119647,119706,119714,119718,119740,119744,119748,119750,119767,119769,119781,119787,119871,119875,119922,119928,119935,119939,119944,119946,119958,119963,120016,120020,120040,120047,120054,120058,120061,120080,120084,120198,120202,120272,120274,120286,120291,120295,120308,120312,120387,120391,120430,120437,120443,120448,120452,120466,120470,120535,120539,120572,120575,120580,120588,120595,120608,120611,120615,120698,120702,120739,120743,120846,120850,120911,120916,120923,120927,120930,120936,120939,121006,121010,121034,121036,121054,121061,121114,121118,121138,121144,121146,121203,121210,121236,121241,121246,121254,121260,121320,121324,121371,121374,121376,121379,121405,121408,121501,121503,121523,121527,121530,121548,121554,121556,121564,121569,121576,121579,121585,121588,121594,121602,121610,121615,121617,121643],[10,119591,3912,119593,10891,119595,93178],{"id":119592},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119594,74521],{},[18,119596,77964],{},[14,119598,119599],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[29,119601,119602,119606],{},[32,119603,119604],{},[18,119605,74521],{},[32,119607,119608],{},[18,119609,77964],{},[14,119611,119612,119613,119615],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1217,119614,4961],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119617,119618],{},"The main difference is simple:",[29,119620,119621,119629],{},[32,119622,222,119623,119625,119626],{},[18,119624,74521],{}," when you want a ",[1217,119627,119628],{},"new sorted result",[32,119630,222,119631,119633,119634],{},[18,119632,77964],{}," when you want to ",[1217,119635,119636],{},"change the original list",[14,119638,119639,119640,2732,119642,119644],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119641,77964],{},[18,119643,4115],{}," and causes confusion.",[49,119646,3946],{"id":3945},[54,119648,119650],{"className":56,"code":119649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119651,119652,119672,119676,119693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119653,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119655,70],{"class":69},[63,119657,74],{"class":73},[63,119659,1091],{"class":81},[63,119661,1248],{"class":85},[63,119663,89],{"class":81},[63,119665,692],{"class":85},[63,119667,89],{"class":81},[63,119669,92],{"class":85},[63,119671,186],{"class":81},[63,119673,119674],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119675,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,119677,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,119679,56175],{"class":69},[63,119681,74],{"class":73},[63,119683,74655],{"class":139},[63,119685,113],{"class":81},[63,119687,146],{"class":145},[63,119689,3997],{"class":81},[63,119691,119692],{"class":1910},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[63,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,119696,146],{"class":69},[63,119698,259],{"class":81},[63,119700,35093],{"class":145},[63,119702,7686],{"class":81},[63,119704,119705],{"class":1910},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119707,222,119708,119710,119711,119713],{},[18,119709,74521],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119712,77964],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[49,119715,119717],{"id":119716},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[29,119719,119720,119725,119730,119737],{},[32,119721,222,119722,119724],{},[18,119723,74521],{}," to get a new sorted list",[32,119726,222,119727,119729],{},[18,119728,77964],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[32,119731,119732,119733,2732,119735],{},"Understand why ",[18,119734,77964],{},[18,119736,4115],{},[32,119738,119739],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[49,119741,4014,119742,4017],{"id":117819},[18,119743,74521],{},[14,119745,119746,237],{},[18,119747,74521],{},[14,119749,49219],{},[29,119751,119752,119758,119764],{},[32,119753,119754,119755],{},"returns a ",[1217,119756,119757],{},"new list",[32,119759,119760,119761,119763],{},"does ",[1217,119762,4961],{}," change the original data",[32,119765,119766],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119768,51425],{},[29,119770,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779],{},[32,119772,932],{},[32,119774,314],{},[32,119776,311],{},[32,119778,317],{},[32,119780,36205],{},[486,119782,35372,119784,119786],{"id":119783},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119785,74521],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[54,119788,119790],{"className":56,"code":119789,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119791,119792,119812,119816,119830,119834,119852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119793,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119795,70],{"class":69},[63,119797,74],{"class":73},[63,119799,1091],{"class":81},[63,119801,1248],{"class":85},[63,119803,89],{"class":81},[63,119805,692],{"class":85},[63,119807,89],{"class":81},[63,119809,92],{"class":85},[63,119811,186],{"class":81},[63,119813,119814],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119815,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,119817,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,119819,851],{"class":69},[63,119821,74],{"class":73},[63,119823,74655],{"class":139},[63,119825,113],{"class":81},[63,119827,146],{"class":145},[63,119829,126],{"class":81},[63,119831,119832],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,119833,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,119835,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,119837,140],{"class":139},[63,119839,113],{"class":81},[63,119841,117],{"class":116},[63,119843,12461],{"class":120},[63,119845,117],{"class":116},[63,119847,89],{"class":81},[63,119849,4595],{"class":145},[63,119851,126],{"class":81},[63,119853,119854,119856,119858,119860,119863,119865,119867,119869],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,119855,140],{"class":139},[63,119857,113],{"class":81},[63,119859,117],{"class":116},[63,119861,119862],{"class":120},"sorted result:",[63,119864,117],{"class":116},[63,119866,89],{"class":81},[63,119868,81314],{"class":145},[63,119870,126],{"class":81},[14,119872,119873],{},[1217,119874,163],{},[54,119876,119878],{"className":56,"code":119877,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119879,119880,119900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119881,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119883,1117],{"class":69},[63,119885,821],{"class":81},[63,119887,1091],{"class":81},[63,119889,1248],{"class":85},[63,119891,89],{"class":81},[63,119893,692],{"class":85},[63,119895,89],{"class":81},[63,119897,92],{"class":85},[63,119899,186],{"class":81},[63,119901,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119903,74611],{"class":139},[63,119905,81314],{"class":69},[63,119907,821],{"class":81},[63,119909,1091],{"class":81},[63,119911,86],{"class":85},[63,119913,89],{"class":81},[63,119915,92],{"class":85},[63,119917,89],{"class":81},[63,119919,97],{"class":85},[63,119921,186],{"class":81},[14,119923,119924,119925,119927],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119926,146],{}," stays the same.",[14,119929,119930,119931,259],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[196,119932,3912,119933,3845],{"href":74618},[18,119934,74521],{},[49,119936,4014,119937,4017],{"id":78030},[18,119938,77964],{},[14,119940,119941,119943],{},[18,119942,1728],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119945,49219],{},[29,119947,119948,119951,119954],{},[32,119949,119950],{},"changes the original list directly",[32,119952,119953],{},"only works on lists",[32,119955,4029,119956],{},[18,119957,4115],{},[486,119959,35372,119961,74059],{"id":119960},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119962,77964],{},[54,119964,119966],{"className":56,"code":119965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119967,119968,119988,119992,120002,120006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,119971,70],{"class":69},[63,119973,74],{"class":73},[63,119975,1091],{"class":81},[63,119977,1248],{"class":85},[63,119979,89],{"class":81},[63,119981,692],{"class":85},[63,119983,89],{"class":81},[63,119985,92],{"class":85},[63,119987,186],{"class":81},[63,119989,119990],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,119991,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,119995,146],{"class":69},[63,119997,259],{"class":81},[63,119999,35093],{"class":145},[63,120001,279],{"class":81},[63,120003,120004],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120005,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120007,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120009,140],{"class":139},[63,120011,113],{"class":81},[63,120013,146],{"class":145},[63,120015,126],{"class":81},[14,120017,120018],{},[1217,120019,163],{},[54,120021,120022],{"className":56,"code":531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,120023,120024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120025,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120027,173],{"class":81},[63,120029,86],{"class":85},[63,120031,89],{"class":81},[63,120033,92],{"class":85},[63,120035,89],{"class":81},[63,120037,97],{"class":85},[63,120039,186],{"class":81},[14,120041,120042,120043,120046],{},"After calling ",[18,120044,120045],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120048,120049,120050,259],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[196,120051,3912,120052,11046],{"href":74872},[18,120053,77964],{},[49,120055,120057],{"id":120056},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120059,120060],{},"Here is the core difference:",[29,120062,120063,120072],{},[32,120064,120065,120068,120069],{},[18,120066,120067],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1217,120070,120071],{},"new sorted list",[32,120073,120074,120077,120078,74429],{},[18,120075,120076],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,120079,8654],{},[486,120081,120083],{"id":120082},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[54,120085,120087],{"className":56,"code":120086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,120088,120089,120109,120113,120127,120146,120165,120169,120179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120092,70],{"class":69},[63,120094,74],{"class":73},[63,120096,1091],{"class":81},[63,120098,661],{"class":85},[63,120100,89],{"class":81},[63,120102,92],{"class":85},[63,120104,89],{"class":81},[63,120106,705],{"class":85},[63,120108,186],{"class":81},[63,120110,120111],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120112,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120116,2890],{"class":69},[63,120118,74],{"class":73},[63,120120,74655],{"class":139},[63,120122,113],{"class":81},[63,120124,146],{"class":145},[63,120126,126],{"class":81},[63,120128,120129,120131,120133,120135,120138,120140,120142,120144],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120130,140],{"class":139},[63,120132,113],{"class":81},[63,120134,117],{"class":116},[63,120136,120137],{"class":120},"numbers after sorted():",[63,120139,117],{"class":116},[63,120141,89],{"class":81},[63,120143,4595],{"class":145},[63,120145,126],{"class":81},[63,120147,120148,120150,120152,120154,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120149,140],{"class":139},[63,120151,113],{"class":81},[63,120153,117],{"class":116},[63,120155,120156],{"class":120},"a:",[63,120158,117],{"class":116},[63,120160,89],{"class":81},[63,120162,57168],{"class":145},[63,120164,126],{"class":81},[63,120166,120167],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,120168,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,120172,146],{"class":69},[63,120174,259],{"class":81},[63,120176,35093],{"class":145},[63,120178,279],{"class":81},[63,120180,120181,120183,120185,120187,120190,120192,120194,120196],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,120182,140],{"class":139},[63,120184,113],{"class":81},[63,120186,117],{"class":116},[63,120188,120189],{"class":120},"numbers after sort():",[63,120191,117],{"class":116},[63,120193,89],{"class":81},[63,120195,4595],{"class":145},[63,120197,126],{"class":81},[14,120199,120200],{},[1217,120201,163],{},[54,120203,120205],{"className":56,"code":120204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,120206,120207,120230,120250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120208,120209,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120210,120211],{"class":69},"numbers after ",[63,120213,74611],{"class":139},[63,120215,29875],{"class":81},[63,120217,1091],{"class":81},[63,120219,661],{"class":85},[63,120221,89],{"class":81},[63,120223,92],{"class":85},[63,120225,89],{"class":81},[63,120227,705],{"class":85},[63,120229,186],{"class":81},[63,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120233,196],{"class":69},[63,120235,821],{"class":81},[63,120237,1091],{"class":81},[63,120239,2394],{"class":85},[63,120241,89],{"class":81},[63,120243,705],{"class":85},[63,120245,89],{"class":81},[63,120247,4935],{"class":85},[63,120249,186],{"class":81},[63,120251,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120253,120211],{"class":69},[63,120255,35093],{"class":145},[63,120257,29875],{"class":81},[63,120259,1091],{"class":81},[63,120261,2394],{"class":85},[63,120263,89],{"class":81},[63,120265,705],{"class":85},[63,120267,89],{"class":81},[63,120269,4935],{"class":85},[63,120271,186],{"class":81},[14,120273,11018],{},[29,120275,120276,120281],{},[32,120277,120278,120280],{},[18,120279,74521],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[32,120282,120283,120285],{},[18,120284,1728],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[49,120287,5292,120289],{"id":120288},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,120290,74521],{},[14,120292,222,120293,1716],{},[18,120294,74521],{},[29,120296,120297,120300,120302,120305],{},[32,120298,120299],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[32,120301,119069],{},[32,120303,120304],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[32,120306,120307],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[486,120309,120311],{"id":120310},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[54,120313,120315],{"className":56,"code":120314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120316,120317,120341,120345,120359,120363,120373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120318,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120320,70],{"class":69},[63,120322,74],{"class":73},[63,120324,1687],{"class":81},[63,120326,2840],{"class":85},[63,120328,89],{"class":81},[63,120330,692],{"class":85},[63,120332,89],{"class":81},[63,120334,97],{"class":85},[63,120336,89],{"class":81},[63,120338,92],{"class":85},[63,120340,126],{"class":81},[63,120342,120343],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120344,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120346,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120348,851],{"class":69},[63,120350,74],{"class":73},[63,120352,74655],{"class":139},[63,120354,113],{"class":81},[63,120356,146],{"class":145},[63,120358,126],{"class":81},[63,120360,120361],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120362,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120364,120365,120367,120369,120371],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120366,140],{"class":139},[63,120368,113],{"class":81},[63,120370,875],{"class":145},[63,120372,126],{"class":81},[63,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,120376,140],{"class":139},[63,120378,113],{"class":81},[63,120380,3557],{"class":77},[63,120382,113],{"class":81},[63,120384,875],{"class":145},[63,120386,100],{"class":81},[14,120388,120389],{},[1217,120390,163],{},[54,120392,120394],{"className":56,"code":120393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120395,120396,120416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120397,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120399,173],{"class":81},[63,120401,86],{"class":85},[63,120403,89],{"class":81},[63,120405,92],{"class":85},[63,120407,89],{"class":81},[63,120409,97],{"class":85},[63,120411,89],{"class":81},[63,120413,705],{"class":85},[63,120415,186],{"class":81},[63,120417,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120419,3626],{"class":73},[63,120421,3629],{"class":2402},[63,120423,203],{"class":116},[63,120425,276],{"class":120},[63,120427,193],{"class":116},[63,120429,3638],{"class":73},[14,120431,2621,120432,120434,120435,259],{},[18,120433,74521],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1217,120436,276],{},[14,120438,120439,120440,120442],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[196,120441,258],{"href":257}," is a helpful next step.",[49,120444,5292,120446],{"id":120445},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,120447,77964],{},[14,120449,222,120450,1716],{},[18,120451,77964],{},[29,120453,120454,120457,120460,120463],{},[32,120455,120456],{},"you already have a list",[32,120458,120459],{},"you want to update that list directly",[32,120461,120462],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120464,120465],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[486,120467,120469],{"id":120468},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[54,120471,120473],{"className":56,"code":120472,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,120474,120475,120507,120511,120521,120525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120476,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120478,1755],{"class":69},[63,120480,74],{"class":73},[63,120482,1091],{"class":81},[63,120484,117],{"class":116},[63,120486,5352],{"class":120},[63,120488,117],{"class":116},[63,120490,89],{"class":81},[63,120492,824],{"class":116},[63,120494,5334],{"class":120},[63,120496,117],{"class":116},[63,120498,89],{"class":81},[63,120500,824],{"class":116},[63,120502,5343],{"class":120},[63,120504,117],{"class":116},[63,120506,186],{"class":81},[63,120508,120509],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120510,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120514,1818],{"class":69},[63,120516,259],{"class":81},[63,120518,35093],{"class":145},[63,120520,279],{"class":81},[63,120522,120523],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120524,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120528,140],{"class":139},[63,120530,113],{"class":81},[63,120532,1818],{"class":145},[63,120534,126],{"class":81},[14,120536,120537],{},[1217,120538,163],{},[54,120540,120542],{"className":56,"code":120541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,120543,120544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120547,173],{"class":81},[63,120549,193],{"class":116},[63,120551,5334],{"class":120},[63,120553,193],{"class":116},[63,120555,89],{"class":81},[63,120557,203],{"class":116},[63,120559,5343],{"class":120},[63,120561,193],{"class":116},[63,120563,89],{"class":81},[63,120565,203],{"class":116},[63,120567,5352],{"class":120},[63,120569,193],{"class":116},[63,120571,186],{"class":81},[14,120573,120574],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120576,120577,120578,259],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[196,120579,79970],{"href":78473},[49,120581,120583,4726,120585,120587],{"id":120582},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120584,73674],{},[18,120586,15137],{}," work with both",[14,120589,10896,120590,4726,120592,120594],{},[18,120591,74521],{},[18,120593,77964],{}," support:",[29,120596,120597,120602],{},[32,120598,120599,120601],{},[18,120600,78188],{}," for descending order",[32,120603,120604,120607],{},[18,120605,120606],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120609,120610],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[486,120612,120614],{"id":120613},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[54,120616,120618],{"className":56,"code":120617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120619,120620,120640,120644,120666,120670,120688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120623,70],{"class":69},[63,120625,74],{"class":73},[63,120627,1091],{"class":81},[63,120629,1248],{"class":85},[63,120631,89],{"class":81},[63,120633,692],{"class":85},[63,120635,89],{"class":81},[63,120637,92],{"class":85},[63,120639,186],{"class":81},[63,120641,120642],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120643,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120645,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120647,140],{"class":139},[63,120649,113],{"class":81},[63,120651,74611],{"class":139},[63,120653,113],{"class":81},[63,120655,146],{"class":145},[63,120657,89],{"class":81},[63,120659,78167],{"class":9491},[63,120661,74],{"class":73},[63,120663,3941],{"class":1205},[63,120665,100],{"class":81},[63,120667,120668],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120669,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120671,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120673,146],{"class":69},[63,120675,259],{"class":81},[63,120677,35093],{"class":145},[63,120679,113],{"class":81},[63,120681,73674],{"class":9491},[63,120683,74],{"class":73},[63,120685,3941],{"class":1205},[63,120687,126],{"class":81},[63,120689,120690,120692,120694,120696],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,120691,140],{"class":139},[63,120693,113],{"class":81},[63,120695,146],{"class":145},[63,120697,126],{"class":81},[14,120699,120700],{},[1217,120701,163],{},[54,120703,120705],{"className":56,"code":120704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120706,120707,120723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120708,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120710,173],{"class":81},[63,120712,1248],{"class":85},[63,120714,89],{"class":81},[63,120716,92],{"class":85},[63,120718,89],{"class":81},[63,120720,692],{"class":85},[63,120722,186],{"class":81},[63,120724,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120726,173],{"class":81},[63,120728,1248],{"class":85},[63,120730,89],{"class":81},[63,120732,92],{"class":85},[63,120734,89],{"class":81},[63,120736,692],{"class":85},[63,120738,186],{"class":81},[486,120740,120742],{"id":120741},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[54,120744,120746],{"className":56,"code":120745,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120747,120748,120780,120784,120810,120814,120836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120749,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120751,4403],{"class":69},[63,120753,74],{"class":73},[63,120755,1091],{"class":81},[63,120757,117],{"class":116},[63,120759,83460],{"class":120},[63,120761,117],{"class":116},[63,120763,89],{"class":81},[63,120765,824],{"class":116},[63,120767,408],{"class":120},[63,120769,117],{"class":116},[63,120771,89],{"class":81},[63,120773,824],{"class":116},[63,120775,118934],{"class":120},[63,120777,117],{"class":116},[63,120779,186],{"class":81},[63,120781,120782],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120783,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120785,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120787,140],{"class":139},[63,120789,113],{"class":81},[63,120791,74611],{"class":139},[63,120793,113],{"class":81},[63,120795,4445],{"class":145},[63,120797,89],{"class":81},[63,120799,21874],{"class":9491},[63,120801,74],{"class":73},[63,120803,3779],{"class":77},[63,120805,259],{"class":81},[63,120807,8957],{"class":25042},[63,120809,100],{"class":81},[63,120811,120812],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120813,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120815,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120817,4445],{"class":69},[63,120819,259],{"class":81},[63,120821,35093],{"class":145},[63,120823,113],{"class":81},[63,120825,15137],{"class":9491},[63,120827,74],{"class":73},[63,120829,3779],{"class":77},[63,120831,259],{"class":81},[63,120833,8957],{"class":25042},[63,120835,126],{"class":81},[63,120837,120838,120840,120842,120844],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,120839,140],{"class":139},[63,120841,113],{"class":81},[63,120843,4445],{"class":145},[63,120845,126],{"class":81},[14,120847,120848],{},[1217,120849,163],{},[54,120851,120853],{"className":56,"code":120852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120854,120855,120883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120858,173],{"class":81},[63,120860,193],{"class":116},[63,120862,408],{"class":120},[63,120864,193],{"class":116},[63,120866,89],{"class":81},[63,120868,203],{"class":116},[63,120870,83460],{"class":120},[63,120872,193],{"class":116},[63,120874,89],{"class":81},[63,120876,203],{"class":116},[63,120878,118934],{"class":120},[63,120880,193],{"class":116},[63,120882,186],{"class":81},[63,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120886,173],{"class":81},[63,120888,193],{"class":116},[63,120890,408],{"class":120},[63,120892,193],{"class":116},[63,120894,89],{"class":81},[63,120896,203],{"class":116},[63,120898,83460],{"class":120},[63,120900,193],{"class":116},[63,120902,89],{"class":81},[63,120904,203],{"class":116},[63,120906,118934],{"class":120},[63,120908,193],{"class":116},[63,120910,186],{"class":81},[14,120912,8733,120913,120915],{},[18,120914,78682],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120917,120918,120919,259],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[196,120920,120922],{"href":120921},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[49,120924,120926],{"id":120925},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120928,120929],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[486,120931,120933,120934,12904],{"id":120932},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120935,77964],{},[14,120937,120938],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[54,120940,120942],{"className":56,"code":120941,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120943,120944,120964,120968,120982,120986,120996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,120947,70],{"class":69},[63,120949,74],{"class":73},[63,120951,1091],{"class":81},[63,120953,1248],{"class":85},[63,120955,89],{"class":81},[63,120957,692],{"class":85},[63,120959,89],{"class":81},[63,120961,92],{"class":85},[63,120963,186],{"class":81},[63,120965,120966],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,120967,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120969,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,120971,851],{"class":69},[63,120973,74],{"class":73},[63,120975,4595],{"class":69},[63,120977,259],{"class":81},[63,120979,35093],{"class":145},[63,120981,279],{"class":81},[63,120983,120984],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,120985,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,120987,120988,120990,120992,120994],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,120989,140],{"class":139},[63,120991,113],{"class":81},[63,120993,875],{"class":145},[63,120995,126],{"class":81},[63,120997,120998,121000,121002,121004],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,120999,140],{"class":139},[63,121001,113],{"class":81},[63,121003,146],{"class":145},[63,121005,126],{"class":81},[14,121007,121008],{},[1217,121009,163],{},[54,121011,121012],{"className":56,"code":79305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,121013,121014,121018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121015,121016],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121017,12117],{"class":1205},[63,121019,121020,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121021,173],{"class":81},[63,121023,86],{"class":85},[63,121025,89],{"class":81},[63,121027,92],{"class":85},[63,121029,89],{"class":81},[63,121031,97],{"class":85},[63,121033,186],{"class":81},[14,121035,12209],{},[29,121037,121038,121043,121048],{},[32,121039,121040,121042],{},[18,121041,120045],{}," sorts the list in place",[32,121044,35309,121045,121047],{},[1217,121046,4961],{}," return the sorted list",[32,121049,90084,121050,42445,121052],{},[18,121051,875],{},[18,121053,4115],{},[486,121055,121057,121058,121060],{"id":121056},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,121059,74521],{}," to change the original list",[54,121062,121064],{"className":56,"code":121063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,121065,121066,121086,121090,121100,121104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121069,70],{"class":69},[63,121071,74],{"class":73},[63,121073,1091],{"class":81},[63,121075,1248],{"class":85},[63,121077,89],{"class":81},[63,121079,692],{"class":85},[63,121081,89],{"class":81},[63,121083,92],{"class":85},[63,121085,186],{"class":81},[63,121087,121088],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121089,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121091,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121093,74611],{"class":139},[63,121095,113],{"class":81},[63,121097,146],{"class":145},[63,121099,126],{"class":81},[63,121101,121102],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121103,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121105,121106,121108,121110,121112],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,121107,140],{"class":139},[63,121109,113],{"class":81},[63,121111,146],{"class":145},[63,121113,126],{"class":81},[14,121115,121116],{},[1217,121117,163],{},[54,121119,121120],{"className":56,"code":119266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,121121,121122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121123,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121125,173],{"class":81},[63,121127,1248],{"class":85},[63,121129,89],{"class":81},[63,121131,692],{"class":85},[63,121133,89],{"class":81},[63,121135,92],{"class":85},[63,121137,186],{"class":81},[14,121139,121140,121143],{},[18,121141,121142],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121145,11113],{},[54,121147,121149],{"className":56,"code":121148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,121150,121151,121171,121175,121189,121193],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121152,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121154,70],{"class":69},[63,121156,74],{"class":73},[63,121158,1091],{"class":81},[63,121160,1248],{"class":85},[63,121162,89],{"class":81},[63,121164,692],{"class":85},[63,121166,89],{"class":81},[63,121168,92],{"class":85},[63,121170,186],{"class":81},[63,121172,121173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121174,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121176,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121178,55927],{"class":69},[63,121180,74],{"class":73},[63,121182,74655],{"class":139},[63,121184,113],{"class":81},[63,121186,146],{"class":145},[63,121188,126],{"class":81},[63,121190,121191],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121192,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121194,121195,121197,121199,121201],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,121196,140],{"class":139},[63,121198,113],{"class":81},[63,121200,55946],{"class":145},[63,121202,126],{"class":81},[486,121204,121206,121207,121209],{"id":121205},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,121208,1728],{}," on a tuple or string",[54,121211,121212],{"className":56,"code":79407,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,121213,121214,121226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121215,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121217,34981],{"class":69},[63,121219,74],{"class":73},[63,121221,824],{"class":116},[63,121223,58],{"class":120},[63,121225,3694],{"class":116},[63,121227,121228,121230,121232,121234],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121229,35002],{"class":69},[63,121231,259],{"class":81},[63,121233,35093],{"class":145},[63,121235,279],{"class":81},[14,121237,121238,121239,33893],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,121240,1728],{},[14,121242,121243,121245],{},[18,121244,1728],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121247,121248,121249,121251,121252,259],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,121250,74521],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[196,121253,1060],{"href":1059},[486,121255,121257,121258,119303],{"id":121256},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,121259,74521],{},[54,121261,121263],{"className":56,"code":121262,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,121264,121265,121278,121292,121296,121306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121266,121267,121269,121271,121273,121276],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121268,34981],{"class":69},[63,121270,74],{"class":73},[63,121272,824],{"class":116},[63,121274,121275],{"class":120},"cab",[63,121277,3694],{"class":116},[63,121279,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121281,851],{"class":69},[63,121283,74],{"class":73},[63,121285,74655],{"class":139},[63,121287,113],{"class":81},[63,121289,35002],{"class":145},[63,121291,126],{"class":81},[63,121293,121294],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121295,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121299,140],{"class":139},[63,121301,113],{"class":81},[63,121303,875],{"class":145},[63,121305,126],{"class":81},[63,121307,121308,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,121309,140],{"class":139},[63,121311,113],{"class":81},[63,121313,3557],{"class":77},[63,121315,113],{"class":81},[63,121317,875],{"class":145},[63,121319,100],{"class":81},[14,121321,121322],{},[1217,121323,163],{},[54,121325,121327],{"className":56,"code":121326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,121328,121329,121357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121330,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121332,173],{"class":81},[63,121334,193],{"class":116},[63,121336,196],{"class":120},[63,121338,193],{"class":116},[63,121340,89],{"class":81},[63,121342,203],{"class":116},[63,121344,206],{"class":120},[63,121346,193],{"class":116},[63,121348,89],{"class":81},[63,121350,203],{"class":116},[63,121352,215],{"class":120},[63,121354,193],{"class":116},[63,121356,186],{"class":81},[63,121358,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121360,3626],{"class":73},[63,121362,3629],{"class":2402},[63,121364,203],{"class":116},[63,121366,276],{"class":120},[63,121368,193],{"class":116},[63,121370,3638],{"class":73},[14,121372,121373],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[49,121375,113824],{"id":113823},[14,121377,121378],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[29,121380,121381,121384,121389,121394,121400],{},[32,121382,121383],{},"confusing a function with a method",[32,121385,121386,121387,53931],{},"not knowing that ",[18,121388,1728],{},[32,121390,121391,121392,12904],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,121393,77964],{},[32,121395,121396,121397,121399],{},"trying to use ",[18,121398,1728],{}," on non-list data types",[32,121401,50798,121402,121404],{},[18,121403,74521],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121406,121407],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,121409,121411],{"className":56,"code":121410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,121412,121413,121423,121437,121462,121477,121487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121414,121415,121417,121419,121421],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121416,140],{"class":139},[63,121418,113],{"class":81},[63,121420,8654],{"class":145},[63,121422,126],{"class":81},[63,121424,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121426,140],{"class":139},[63,121428,113],{"class":81},[63,121430,74611],{"class":139},[63,121432,113],{"class":81},[63,121434,8654],{"class":145},[63,121436,100],{"class":81},[63,121438,121439,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121454,121456,121458,121460],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121440,851],{"class":69},[63,121442,74],{"class":73},[63,121444,8711],{"class":69},[63,121446,259],{"class":81},[63,121448,35093],{"class":145},[63,121450,7686],{"class":81},[63,121452,121453],{"class":69},"; ",[63,121455,140],{"class":139},[63,121457,113],{"class":81},[63,121459,875],{"class":145},[63,121461,126],{"class":81},[63,121463,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472,121475],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121465,140],{"class":139},[63,121467,113],{"class":81},[63,121469,3557],{"class":77},[63,121471,113],{"class":81},[63,121473,121474],{"class":145},"my_data",[63,121476,100],{"class":81},[63,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,121480,32444],{"class":139},[63,121482,113],{"class":81},[63,121484,74611],{"class":139},[63,121486,126],{"class":81},[63,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,121490,32444],{"class":139},[63,121492,113],{"class":81},[63,121494,276],{"class":77},[63,121496,259],{"class":81},[63,121498,35093],{"class":25042},[63,121500,126],{"class":81},[14,121502,84470],{},[29,121504,121505,121508,121512,121520],{},[32,121506,121507],{},"whether your original list changed",[32,121509,26310,121510,12014],{},[18,121511,74521],{},[32,121513,121514,121515,121517,121518],{},"whether ",[18,121516,1728],{}," returned ",[18,121519,4115],{},[32,121521,121522],{},"what type of object you are working with",[49,121524,121526],{"id":121525},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121528,121529],{},"Use this rule:",[29,121531,121532,121540],{},[32,121533,121534,121535,121537,121538],{},"Need a ",[1217,121536,119628],{},": use ",[18,121539,74521],{},[32,121541,121542,121543,121537,121546],{},"Need to ",[1217,121544,121545],{},"change one list directly",[18,121547,77964],{},[14,121549,121550,121551,121553],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,121552,74521],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[49,121555,2165],{"id":2164},[486,121557,121559,121560,1725,121562,2827],{"id":121558},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,121561,74521],{},[18,121563,77964],{},[14,121565,121566,121568],{},[18,121567,74521],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[486,121570,5485,121572,5488,121574,2827],{"id":121571},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121573,77964],{},[18,121575,4115],{},[14,121577,121578],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[486,121580,5497,121582,121584],{"id":121581},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121583,74521],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121586,121587],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[486,121589,28619,121591,121593],{"id":121590},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121592,1728],{}," on a string?",[14,121595,46656,121596,121598,121599,40219],{},[18,121597,1728],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121600,121601],{},"sorted(string)",[486,121603,12128,121605,4726,121607,121609],{"id":121604},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121606,74521],{},[18,121608,1728],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121611,121612,121613,259],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121614,78188],{},[49,121616,2219],{"id":2218},[29,121618,121619,121625,121631,121635,121639],{},[32,121620,121621],{},[196,121622,3912,121623,3845],{"href":74618},[18,121624,74521],{},[32,121626,121627],{},[196,121628,3912,121629,11046],{"href":74872},[18,121630,77964],{},[32,121632,121633],{},[196,121634,79970],{"href":78473},[32,121636,121637],{},[196,121638,120922],{"href":120921},[32,121640,121641],{},[196,121642,258],{"href":257},[2259,121644,121645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":121647},[121648,121649,121650,121654,121658,121661,121665,121669,121674,121684,121685,121686,121698],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":119716,"depth":103,"text":119717},{"id":117819,"depth":103,"text":119541,"children":121651},[121652],{"id":119783,"depth":129,"text":121653},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78030,"depth":103,"text":79992,"children":121655},[121656],{"id":119960,"depth":129,"text":121657},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120056,"depth":103,"text":120057,"children":121659},[121660],{"id":120082,"depth":129,"text":120083},{"id":120288,"depth":103,"text":121662,"children":121663},"When to use sorted()",[121664],{"id":120310,"depth":129,"text":120311},{"id":120445,"depth":103,"text":121666,"children":121667},"When to use list.sort()",[121668],{"id":120468,"depth":129,"text":120469},{"id":120582,"depth":103,"text":121670,"children":121671},"reverse and key work with both",[121672,121673],{"id":120613,"depth":129,"text":120614},{"id":120741,"depth":129,"text":120742},{"id":120925,"depth":103,"text":120926,"children":121675},[121676,121678,121680,121682],{"id":120932,"depth":129,"text":121677},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121056,"depth":129,"text":121679},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121205,"depth":129,"text":121681},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121256,"depth":129,"text":121683},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113823,"depth":103,"text":113824},{"id":121525,"depth":103,"text":121526},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":121687},[121688,121690,121692,121694,121696],{"id":121558,"depth":129,"text":121689},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121571,"depth":129,"text":121691},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121581,"depth":129,"text":121693},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121590,"depth":129,"text":121695},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121604,"depth":129,"text":121697},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119587,"description":121699},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121705,"title":42466,"body":121706,"description":123438,"extension":2300,"meta":123439,"navigation":132,"path":123440,"seo":123441,"stem":123442,"__hash__":123443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121707,"toc":123395},[121708,121713,121718,121724,121726,121781,121785,121808,121813,121818,121823,121825,121856,121859,121873,121875,121877,121892,121897,121901,121904,121955,121959,121973,121980,121984,121988,122043,122047,122070,122074,122130,122134,122157,122161,122216,122220,122243,122247,122314,122318,122353,122359,122364,122369,122371,122385,122387,122461,122465,122485,122490,122497,122500,122512,122514,122583,122587,122624,122627,122652,122659,122668,122671,122683,122689,122695,122697,122703,122708,122787,122791,122832,122836,122838,122865,122868,122891,122894,122900,122903,122940,122952,122959,122961,123012,123015,123047,123050,123052,123059,123061,123076,123078,123135,123139,123163,123165,123170,123186,123193,123197,123200,123283,123293,123295,123300,123303,123309,123312,123318,123321,123327,123330,123337,123345,123347,123392],[10,121709,3912,121711,3916],{"id":121710},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121712,47975],{},[14,121714,32609,121715,121717],{},[18,121716,47975],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121719,121720,121721,121723],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121722,47975],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[49,121725,52],{"id":51},[54,121727,121729],{"className":56,"code":121728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121730,121731,121739,121753,121757,121767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121732,121733,121735,121737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121734,21923],{"class":69},[63,121736,74],{"class":73},[63,121738,45517],{"class":85},[63,121740,121741,121743,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121742,34981],{"class":69},[63,121744,74],{"class":73},[63,121746,49196],{"class":77},[63,121748,113],{"class":81},[63,121750,836],{"class":145},[63,121752,126],{"class":81},[63,121754,121755],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121756,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121760,140],{"class":139},[63,121762,113],{"class":81},[63,121764,35002],{"class":145},[63,121766,126],{"class":81},[63,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,121770,140],{"class":139},[63,121772,113],{"class":81},[63,121774,3557],{"class":77},[63,121776,113],{"class":81},[63,121778,35002],{"class":145},[63,121780,100],{"class":81},[14,121782,121783],{},[1217,121784,163],{},[54,121786,121788],{"className":56,"code":121787,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121789,121790,121794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121791,121792],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121793,3045],{"class":85},[63,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804,121806],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121797,3626],{"class":73},[63,121799,3629],{"class":2402},[63,121801,203],{"class":116},[63,121803,3779],{"class":120},[63,121805,193],{"class":116},[63,121807,3638],{"class":73},[14,121809,222,121810,121812],{},[18,121811,47975],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[49,121814,4014,121816,4017],{"id":121815},"what-str-does",[18,121817,47975],{},[14,121819,121820,121822],{},[18,121821,47975],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121824,2444],{},[29,121826,121827,121834,121841,121848],{},[32,121828,121829,121830,42445,121832],{},"An integer like ",[18,121831,741],{},[18,121833,42416],{},[32,121835,121836,121837,42445,121839],{},"A float like ",[18,121838,40433],{},[18,121840,48386],{},[32,121842,121843,121844,42445,121846],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121845,3941],{},[18,121847,6961],{},[32,121849,121850,121851,42445,121853],{},"A list like ",[18,121852,75343],{},[18,121854,121855],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121857,121858],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[29,121860,121861,121864,121867,121870],{},[32,121862,121863],{},"print it",[32,121865,121866],{},"combine it with other strings",[32,121868,121869],{},"save it to a file",[32,121871,121872],{},"use it in messages",[49,121874,263],{"id":262},[14,121876,7539],{},[54,121878,121880],{"className":56,"code":121879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"str(object)\n",[18,121881,121882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121883,121884,121886,121888,121890],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121885,3779],{"class":77},[63,121887,113],{"class":81},[63,121889,42689],{"class":77},[63,121891,126],{"class":81},[14,121893,21065,121894,121896],{},[18,121895,42689],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121898,121899,8540],{},[18,121900,47975],{},[14,121902,121903],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[54,121905,121907],{"className":56,"code":121906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121908,121909,121918,121941,121945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121910,121911,121913,121915],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121912,5424],{"class":69},[63,121914,74],{"class":73},[63,121916,121917],{"class":85}," 100\n",[63,121919,121920,121922,121924,121926,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,121921,90104],{"class":69},[63,121923,74],{"class":73},[63,121925,824],{"class":116},[63,121927,121928],{"class":120},"Your score is ",[63,121930,117],{"class":116},[63,121932,2789],{"class":73},[63,121934,49196],{"class":77},[63,121936,113],{"class":81},[63,121938,85617],{"class":145},[63,121940,126],{"class":81},[63,121942,121943],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,121944,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,121946,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,121948,140],{"class":139},[63,121950,113],{"class":81},[63,121952,90121],{"class":145},[63,121954,126],{"class":81},[14,121956,121957],{},[1217,121958,163],{},[54,121960,121962],{"className":56,"code":121961,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121963,121964],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121965,121966,121969,121971],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121967,121968],{"class":69},"Your score ",[63,121970,1156],{"class":73},[63,121972,121917],{"class":85},[14,121974,2631,121975,121979],{},[196,121976,121977,2638],{"href":2634},[18,121978,2637],{}," can help you check.",[49,121981,121983],{"id":121982},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[486,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[54,121989,121991],{"className":56,"code":121990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121992,121993,122001,122015,122019,122029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,121994,121995,121997,121999],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,121996,2553],{"class":69},[63,121998,74],{"class":73},[63,122000,2923],{"class":85},[63,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122004,34981],{"class":69},[63,122006,74],{"class":73},[63,122008,49196],{"class":77},[63,122010,113],{"class":81},[63,122012,2575],{"class":145},[63,122014,126],{"class":81},[63,122016,122017],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122018,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122022,140],{"class":139},[63,122024,113],{"class":81},[63,122026,35002],{"class":145},[63,122028,126],{"class":81},[63,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122032,140],{"class":139},[63,122034,113],{"class":81},[63,122036,3557],{"class":77},[63,122038,113],{"class":81},[63,122040,35002],{"class":145},[63,122042,100],{"class":81},[14,122044,122045],{},[1217,122046,163],{},[54,122048,122050],{"className":56,"code":122049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122051,122052,122056],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122053,122054],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122055,2711],{"class":85},[63,122057,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122059,3626],{"class":73},[63,122061,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122063,203],{"class":116},[63,122065,3779],{"class":120},[63,122067,193],{"class":116},[63,122069,3638],{"class":73},[486,122071,122073],{"id":122072},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[54,122075,122077],{"className":56,"code":122076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122078,122079,122088,122102,122106,122116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122080,122081,122083,122085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122082,40677],{"class":69},[63,122084,74],{"class":73},[63,122086,122087],{"class":85}," 3.14\n",[63,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122091,34981],{"class":69},[63,122093,74],{"class":73},[63,122095,49196],{"class":77},[63,122097,113],{"class":81},[63,122099,25441],{"class":145},[63,122101,126],{"class":81},[63,122103,122104],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122105,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122109,140],{"class":139},[63,122111,113],{"class":81},[63,122113,35002],{"class":145},[63,122115,126],{"class":81},[63,122117,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122119,140],{"class":139},[63,122121,113],{"class":81},[63,122123,3557],{"class":77},[63,122125,113],{"class":81},[63,122127,35002],{"class":145},[63,122129,100],{"class":81},[14,122131,122132],{},[1217,122133,163],{},[54,122135,122137],{"className":56,"code":122136,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122138,122139,122143],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122140,122141],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122142,40467],{"class":85},[63,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122146,3626],{"class":73},[63,122148,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122150,203],{"class":116},[63,122152,3779],{"class":120},[63,122154,193],{"class":116},[63,122156,3638],{"class":73},[486,122158,122160],{"id":122159},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[54,122162,122164],{"className":56,"code":122163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122165,122166,122174,122188,122192,122202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122167,122168,122170,122172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122169,2782],{"class":69},[63,122171,74],{"class":73},[63,122173,6742],{"class":1205},[63,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122177,34981],{"class":69},[63,122179,74],{"class":73},[63,122181,49196],{"class":77},[63,122183,113],{"class":81},[63,122185,2807],{"class":145},[63,122187,126],{"class":81},[63,122189,122190],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122191,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122193,122194,122196,122198,122200],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122195,140],{"class":139},[63,122197,113],{"class":81},[63,122199,35002],{"class":145},[63,122201,126],{"class":81},[63,122203,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122205,140],{"class":139},[63,122207,113],{"class":81},[63,122209,3557],{"class":77},[63,122211,113],{"class":81},[63,122213,35002],{"class":145},[63,122215,100],{"class":81},[14,122217,122218],{},[1217,122219,163],{},[54,122221,122223],{"className":56,"code":122222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122224,122225,122229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122226,122227],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122228,4313],{"class":1205},[63,122230,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239,122241],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122232,3626],{"class":73},[63,122234,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122236,203],{"class":116},[63,122238,3779],{"class":120},[63,122240,193],{"class":116},[63,122242,3638],{"class":73},[486,122244,122246],{"id":122245},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[54,122248,122250],{"className":56,"code":122249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122251,122252,122272,122286,122290,122300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122255,342],{"class":69},[63,122257,74],{"class":73},[63,122259,1091],{"class":81},[63,122261,86],{"class":85},[63,122263,89],{"class":81},[63,122265,92],{"class":85},[63,122267,89],{"class":81},[63,122269,97],{"class":85},[63,122271,186],{"class":81},[63,122273,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122275,34981],{"class":69},[63,122277,74],{"class":73},[63,122279,49196],{"class":77},[63,122281,113],{"class":81},[63,122283,357],{"class":145},[63,122285,126],{"class":81},[63,122287,122288],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122289,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122291,122292,122294,122296,122298],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122293,140],{"class":139},[63,122295,113],{"class":81},[63,122297,35002],{"class":145},[63,122299,126],{"class":81},[63,122301,122302,122304,122306,122308,122310,122312],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122303,140],{"class":139},[63,122305,113],{"class":81},[63,122307,3557],{"class":77},[63,122309,113],{"class":81},[63,122311,35002],{"class":145},[63,122313,100],{"class":81},[14,122315,122316],{},[1217,122317,163],{},[54,122319,122321],{"className":56,"code":122320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122322,122323,122339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122324,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122326,173],{"class":81},[63,122328,86],{"class":85},[63,122330,89],{"class":81},[63,122332,92],{"class":85},[63,122334,89],{"class":81},[63,122336,97],{"class":85},[63,122338,186],{"class":81},[63,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122342,3626],{"class":73},[63,122344,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122346,203],{"class":116},[63,122348,3779],{"class":120},[63,122350,193],{"class":116},[63,122352,3638],{"class":73},[14,122354,122355,122356,122358],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1217,122357,4961],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[49,122360,5292,122362],{"id":122361},"when-to-use-str",[18,122363,47975],{},[14,122365,222,122366,122368],{},[18,122367,47975],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122370,36716],{},[29,122372,122373,122376,122379,122382],{},[32,122374,122375],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[32,122377,122378],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[32,122380,122381],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[32,122383,122384],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122386,2543],{},[54,122388,122390],{"className":56,"code":122389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,122391,122392,122404,122412,122416,122451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122395,8194],{"class":69},[63,122397,74],{"class":73},[63,122399,824],{"class":116},[63,122401,11817],{"class":120},[63,122403,3694],{"class":116},[63,122405,122406,122408,122410],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122407,21923],{"class":69},[63,122409,74],{"class":73},[63,122411,45517],{"class":85},[63,122413,122414],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122415,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122417,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122449],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122419,90104],{"class":69},[63,122421,74],{"class":73},[63,122423,36263],{"class":69},[63,122425,2397],{"class":73},[63,122427,824],{"class":116},[63,122429,5114],{"class":120},[63,122431,117],{"class":116},[63,122433,2789],{"class":73},[63,122435,49196],{"class":77},[63,122437,113],{"class":81},[63,122439,836],{"class":145},[63,122441,3997],{"class":81},[63,122443,2789],{"class":73},[63,122445,824],{"class":116},[63,122447,122448],{"class":120}," years old.",[63,122450,3694],{"class":116},[63,122452,122453,122455,122457,122459],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122454,140],{"class":139},[63,122456,113],{"class":81},[63,122458,90121],{"class":145},[63,122460,126],{"class":81},[14,122462,122463],{},[1217,122464,163],{},[54,122466,122468],{"className":56,"code":122467,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,122469,122470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122471,122472,122475,122477,122479,122482],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122473,122474],{"class":69},"Maya ",[63,122476,1156],{"class":73},[63,122478,843],{"class":85},[63,122480,122481],{"class":69}," years old",[63,122483,122484],{"class":81},".\n",[14,122486,122487,122488,259],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[196,122489,89790],{"href":89789},[49,122491,122493,10891,122495],{"id":122492},"str-vs-print",[18,122494,47975],{},[18,122496,46743],{},[14,122498,122499],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[29,122501,122502,122507],{},[32,122503,122504,122506],{},[18,122505,47975],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[32,122508,122509,122511],{},[18,122510,46743],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122513,2543],{},[54,122515,122517],{"className":56,"code":122516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,122518,122519,122527,122531,122545,122555,122569],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122520,122521,122523,122525],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122522,2782],{"class":69},[63,122524,74],{"class":73},[63,122526,3105],{"class":85},[63,122528,122529],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122530,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122534,34981],{"class":69},[63,122536,74],{"class":73},[63,122538,49196],{"class":77},[63,122540,113],{"class":81},[63,122542,2807],{"class":145},[63,122544,126],{"class":81},[63,122546,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122548,140],{"class":139},[63,122550,113],{"class":81},[63,122552,35002],{"class":145},[63,122554,126],{"class":81},[63,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122558,140],{"class":139},[63,122560,113],{"class":81},[63,122562,3557],{"class":77},[63,122564,113],{"class":81},[63,122566,35002],{"class":145},[63,122568,100],{"class":81},[63,122570,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,122572,140],{"class":139},[63,122574,113],{"class":81},[63,122576,3557],{"class":77},[63,122578,113],{"class":81},[63,122580,2807],{"class":145},[63,122582,100],{"class":81},[14,122584,122585],{},[1217,122586,163],{},[54,122588,122590],{"className":56,"code":122589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122591,122592,122596,122610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122593,122594],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122595,46903],{"class":85},[63,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122599,3626],{"class":73},[63,122601,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122603,203],{"class":116},[63,122605,3779],{"class":120},[63,122607,193],{"class":116},[63,122609,3638],{"class":73},[63,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122613,3626],{"class":73},[63,122615,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122617,203],{"class":116},[63,122619,1039],{"class":120},[63,122621,193],{"class":116},[63,122623,3638],{"class":73},[14,122625,122626],{},"Notice:",[29,122628,122629,122635,122640],{},[32,122630,122631,122634],{},[18,122632,122633],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[32,122636,122637,122639],{},[18,122638,46743],{}," only displayed values",[32,122641,122642,122644,122645,122647,122648,61573,122650],{},[18,122643,46743],{}," did not change ",[18,122646,2807],{}," from ",[18,122649,1039],{},[18,122651,3779],{},[14,122653,122654,122655,259],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[196,122656,122657,2638],{"href":46740},[18,122658,46743],{},[49,122660,122662,10891,122664,122667],{"id":122661},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122663,47975],{},[18,122665,122666],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122669,122670],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[29,122672,122673,122678],{},[32,122674,122675,122677],{},[18,122676,47975],{}," is the more readable text version",[32,122679,122680,122682],{},[18,122681,122666],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122684,122685,122686,122688],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122687,47975],{}," much more often.",[14,122690,122691,122692,122694],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122693,47975],{}," is usually the right choice.",[49,122696,1888],{"id":1887},[486,122698,26065,122700,122702],{"id":122699},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122701,47975],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122704,122705,122707],{},[18,122706,47975],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[54,122709,122711],{"className":56,"code":122710,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122712,122713,122721,122735,122739,122749,122763,122773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122714,122715,122717,122719],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122716,21923],{"class":69},[63,122718,74],{"class":73},[63,122720,45517],{"class":85},[63,122722,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122724,34981],{"class":69},[63,122726,74],{"class":73},[63,122728,49196],{"class":77},[63,122730,113],{"class":81},[63,122732,836],{"class":145},[63,122734,126],{"class":81},[63,122736,122737],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122738,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122742,140],{"class":139},[63,122744,113],{"class":81},[63,122746,836],{"class":145},[63,122748,126],{"class":81},[63,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,122752,140],{"class":139},[63,122754,113],{"class":81},[63,122756,3557],{"class":77},[63,122758,113],{"class":81},[63,122760,836],{"class":145},[63,122762,100],{"class":81},[63,122764,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,122766,140],{"class":139},[63,122768,113],{"class":81},[63,122770,35002],{"class":145},[63,122772,126],{"class":81},[63,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,122776,140],{"class":139},[63,122778,113],{"class":81},[63,122780,3557],{"class":77},[63,122782,113],{"class":81},[63,122784,35002],{"class":145},[63,122786,100],{"class":81},[14,122788,122789],{},[1217,122790,163],{},[54,122792,122794],{"className":56,"code":122793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122795,122796,122800,122814,122818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122797,122798],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122799,3045],{"class":85},[63,122801,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122803,3626],{"class":73},[63,122805,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122807,203],{"class":116},[63,122809,1039],{"class":120},[63,122811,193],{"class":116},[63,122813,3638],{"class":73},[63,122815,122816],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122817,3045],{"class":85},[63,122819,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122821,3626],{"class":73},[63,122823,3629],{"class":2402},[63,122825,203],{"class":116},[63,122827,3779],{"class":120},[63,122829,193],{"class":116},[63,122831,3638],{"class":73},[486,122833,122835],{"id":122834},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122837,7008],{},[54,122839,122841],{"className":56,"code":122840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122842,122843,122851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122844,122845,122847,122849],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122846,21923],{"class":69},[63,122848,74],{"class":73},[63,122850,45517],{"class":85},[63,122852,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122854,34981],{"class":69},[63,122856,74],{"class":73},[63,122858,49196],{"class":77},[63,122860,113],{"class":81},[63,122862,836],{"class":145},[63,122864,126],{"class":81},[14,122866,122867],{},"But if you only do this:",[54,122869,122871],{"className":56,"code":122870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122872,122873,122881],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122874,122875,122877,122879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122876,21923],{"class":69},[63,122878,74],{"class":73},[63,122880,45517],{"class":85},[63,122882,122883,122885,122887,122889],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122884,3779],{"class":77},[63,122886,113],{"class":81},[63,122888,836],{"class":145},[63,122890,126],{"class":81},[14,122892,122893],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[486,122895,8733,122897,122899],{"id":122896},"using-str-too-early",[18,122898,47975],{}," too early",[14,122901,122902],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[54,122904,122906],{"className":56,"code":122905,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122907,122908,122916,122931,122935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122909,122910,122912,122914],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122911,40677],{"class":69},[63,122913,74],{"class":73},[63,122915,2923],{"class":85},[63,122917,122918,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,122919,122920],{"class":69},"text_price ",[63,122922,74],{"class":73},[63,122924,49196],{"class":77},[63,122926,113],{"class":81},[63,122928,25441],{"class":145},[63,122930,126],{"class":81},[63,122932,122933],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,122934,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,122936,122937],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,122938,122939],{"class":1910},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122941,122942,122943,1725,122947,122951],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[196,122944,122945],{"href":3212},[18,122946,3215],{},[196,122948,122949],{"href":3218},[18,122950,3221],{},", depending on the situation.",[486,122953,8769,122955,122958],{"id":122954},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122956,122957],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122960,2087],{},[54,122962,122964],{"className":56,"code":122963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122965,122966,122998],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,122967,122968,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,122969,342],{"class":69},[63,122971,74],{"class":73},[63,122973,1091],{"class":81},[63,122975,117],{"class":116},[63,122977,408],{"class":120},[63,122979,117],{"class":116},[63,122981,89],{"class":81},[63,122983,824],{"class":116},[63,122985,427],{"class":120},[63,122987,117],{"class":116},[63,122989,89],{"class":81},[63,122991,824],{"class":116},[63,122993,33513],{"class":120},[63,122995,117],{"class":116},[63,122997,186],{"class":81},[63,122999,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123001,140],{"class":139},[63,123003,113],{"class":81},[63,123005,3779],{"class":77},[63,123007,113],{"class":81},[63,123009,357],{"class":145},[63,123011,100],{"class":81},[14,123013,123014],{},"prints:",[54,123016,123017],{"className":56,"code":72933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,123018,123019],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123022,173],{"class":81},[63,123024,193],{"class":116},[63,123026,408],{"class":120},[63,123028,193],{"class":116},[63,123030,89],{"class":81},[63,123032,203],{"class":116},[63,123034,427],{"class":120},[63,123036,193],{"class":116},[63,123038,89],{"class":81},[63,123040,203],{"class":116},[63,123042,33513],{"class":120},[63,123044,193],{"class":116},[63,123046,186],{"class":81},[14,123048,123049],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[49,123051,17715],{"id":17714},[14,123053,123054,22269,123056,259],{},[18,123055,47975],{},[1217,123057,123058],{},"new string",[14,123060,11766],{},[29,123062,123063,123066,123069],{},[32,123064,123065],{},"It always returns a string",[32,123067,123068],{},"It does not modify the original object",[32,123070,8083,123071,123075],{},[196,123072,123073],{"href":2634},[18,123074,2637],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123077,2543],{},[54,123079,123081],{"className":56,"code":123080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123082,123083,123091,123106,123110,123121],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123084,123085,123087,123089],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123086,2782],{"class":69},[63,123088,74],{"class":73},[63,123090,14429],{"class":85},[63,123092,123093,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123094,123095],{"class":69},"converted ",[63,123097,74],{"class":73},[63,123099,49196],{"class":77},[63,123101,113],{"class":81},[63,123103,2807],{"class":145},[63,123105,126],{"class":81},[63,123107,123108],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,123109,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,123111,123112,123114,123116,123119],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,123113,140],{"class":139},[63,123115,113],{"class":81},[63,123117,123118],{"class":145},"converted",[63,123120,126],{"class":81},[63,123122,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,123124,140],{"class":139},[63,123126,113],{"class":81},[63,123128,3557],{"class":77},[63,123130,113],{"class":81},[63,123132,123118],{"class":145},[63,123134,100],{"class":81},[14,123136,123137],{},[1217,123138,163],{},[54,123140,123142],{"className":56,"code":123141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,123143,123144,123149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123145,123146],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123147,123148],{"class":85},"99\n",[63,123150,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123152,3626],{"class":73},[63,123154,3629],{"class":2402},[63,123156,203],{"class":116},[63,123158,3779],{"class":120},[63,123160,193],{"class":116},[63,123162,3638],{"class":73},[49,123164,113824],{"id":113823},[14,123166,123167,123168,74912],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,123169,47975],{},[29,123171,123172,123175,123178,123183],{},[32,123173,123174],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[32,123176,123177],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[32,123179,8733,123180,123182],{},[18,123181,47975],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[32,123184,123185],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123187,123188,123189,259],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[196,123190,25970,123191],{"href":90502},[18,123192,90503],{},[49,123194,123196],{"id":123195},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123198,123199],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[54,123201,123203],{"className":56,"code":123202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,123204,123205,123213,123217,123227,123241,123245,123259,123269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123206,123207,123209,123211],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123208,2782],{"class":69},[63,123210,74],{"class":73},[63,123212,45517],{"class":85},[63,123214,123215],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123216,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,123218,123219,123221,123223,123225],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,123220,140],{"class":139},[63,123222,113],{"class":81},[63,123224,2807],{"class":145},[63,123226,126],{"class":81},[63,123228,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,123230,140],{"class":139},[63,123232,113],{"class":81},[63,123234,3557],{"class":77},[63,123236,113],{"class":81},[63,123238,2807],{"class":145},[63,123240,100],{"class":81},[63,123242,123243],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,123244,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,123246,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,123248,123095],{"class":69},[63,123250,74],{"class":73},[63,123252,49196],{"class":77},[63,123254,113],{"class":81},[63,123256,2807],{"class":145},[63,123258,126],{"class":81},[63,123260,123261,123263,123265,123267],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,123262,140],{"class":139},[63,123264,113],{"class":81},[63,123266,123118],{"class":145},[63,123268,126],{"class":81},[63,123270,123271,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,123272,140],{"class":139},[63,123274,113],{"class":81},[63,123276,3557],{"class":77},[63,123278,113],{"class":81},[63,123280,123118],{"class":145},[63,123282,100],{"class":81},[14,123284,123285,123286,2524,123288,123290,123291,259],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,123287,1039],{},[18,123289,2527],{},", or another type into ",[18,123292,3779],{},[49,123294,2165],{"id":2164},[486,123296,5469,123298,5472],{"id":123297},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,123299,47975],{},[14,123301,123302],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[486,123304,13011,123306,123308],{"id":123305},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,123307,47975],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123310,123311],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[486,123313,5497,123315,123317],{"id":123314},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,123316,47975],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123319,123320],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[486,123322,94688,123324,123326],{"id":123323},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,123325,47975],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123328,123329],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[486,123331,15199,123333,57486,123335,2827],{"id":123332},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,123334,47975],{},[18,123336,46743],{},[14,123338,46656,123339,123341,123342,123344],{},[18,123340,47975],{}," converts to text. ",[18,123343,46743],{}," shows output.",[49,123346,2219],{"id":2218},[29,123348,123349,123355,123361,123367,123373,123382,123386],{},[32,123350,123351],{},[196,123352,123353,3845],{"href":46740},[18,123354,46743],{},[32,123356,123357],{},[196,123358,123359,3845],{"href":2634},[18,123360,2637],{},[32,123362,123363],{},[196,123364,123365,3845],{"href":3212},[18,123366,3215],{},[32,123368,123369],{},[196,123370,123371,3845],{"href":3218},[18,123372,3221],{},[32,123374,123375],{},[196,123376,123378,123379,123381],{"href":123377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,123380,1039],{}," to string in Python",[32,123383,123384],{},[196,123385,90780],{"href":89789},[32,123387,123388],{},[196,123389,30639,123390],{"href":90502},[18,123391,90503],{},[2259,123393,123394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":123396},[123397,123398,123400,123401,123407,123409,123411,123413,123422,123423,123424,123425,123437],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":121815,"depth":103,"text":123399},"What str() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":121982,"depth":103,"text":121983,"children":123402},[123403,123404,123405,123406],{"id":121986,"depth":129,"text":121987},{"id":122072,"depth":129,"text":122073},{"id":122159,"depth":129,"text":122160},{"id":122245,"depth":129,"text":122246},{"id":122361,"depth":103,"text":123408},"When to use str()",{"id":122492,"depth":103,"text":123410},"str() vs print()",{"id":122661,"depth":103,"text":123412},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":123414},[123415,123417,123418,123420],{"id":122699,"depth":129,"text":123416},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122834,"depth":129,"text":122835},{"id":122896,"depth":129,"text":123419},"Using str() too early",{"id":122954,"depth":129,"text":123421},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":113823,"depth":103,"text":113824},{"id":123195,"depth":103,"text":123196},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":123426},[123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"id":123297,"depth":129,"text":123428},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123305,"depth":129,"text":123430},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123314,"depth":129,"text":123432},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123323,"depth":129,"text":123434},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123332,"depth":129,"text":123436},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42466,"description":123438},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123445,"title":123446,"body":123447,"description":124900,"extension":2300,"meta":124901,"navigation":132,"path":124902,"seo":124903,"stem":124904,"__hash__":124905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123448,"toc":124862},[123449,123455,123461,123464,123486,123488,123550,123552,123565,123571,123576,123581,123583,123596,123607,123609,123636,123638,123655,123662,123673,123675,123680,123682,123694,123702,123711,123713,123716,123769,123771,123779,123787,123791,123796,123836,123838,123846,123849,123851,123891,123893,123901,123911,123917,123920,123993,123995,124008,124012,124017,124045,124048,124083,124085,124093,124096,124100,124104,124106,124122,124124,124164,124166,124174,124183,124226,124228,124236,124238,124242,124248,124251,124291,124293,124301,124306,124309,124352,124356,124359,124394,124399,124401,124440,124450,124458,124468,124476,124480,124485,124487,124528,124530,124538,124543,124546,124549,124567,124573,124577,124582,124585,124625,124627,124632,124731,124734,124750,124752,124771,124773,124780,124783,124789,124792,124798,124802,124808,124811,124817,124820,124822,124859],[10,123450,123452,123453,11629],{"id":123451},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,123454,57571],{},[14,123456,123457,123458,123460],{},"The Python string ",[18,123459,57571],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123462,123463],{},"This reference page explains:",[29,123465,123466,123470,123473,123475,123483],{},[32,123467,26310,123468,4017],{},[18,123469,57571],{},[32,123471,123472],{},"its syntax",[32,123474,35689],{},[32,123476,123477,123478,4726,123480,123482],{},"how ",[18,123479,36367],{},[18,123481,52951],{}," work",[32,123484,123485],{},"common beginner mistakes",[49,123487,52],{"id":51},[54,123489,123491],{"className":56,"code":123490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,123492,123493,123505,123527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123494,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123496,34981],{"class":69},[63,123498,74],{"class":73},[63,123500,824],{"class":116},[63,123502,427],{"class":120},[63,123504,3694],{"class":116},[63,123506,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123508,140],{"class":139},[63,123510,113],{"class":81},[63,123512,35002],{"class":145},[63,123514,259],{"class":81},[63,123516,41550],{"class":145},[63,123518,113],{"class":81},[63,123520,117],{"class":116},[63,123522,196],{"class":120},[63,123524,117],{"class":116},[63,123526,100],{"class":81},[63,123528,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123546,123548],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,123530,140],{"class":139},[63,123532,113],{"class":81},[63,123534,35002],{"class":145},[63,123536,259],{"class":81},[63,123538,41550],{"class":145},[63,123540,113],{"class":81},[63,123542,117],{"class":116},[63,123544,123545],{"class":120},"na",[63,123547,117],{"class":116},[63,123549,100],{"class":81},[14,123551,163],{},[54,123553,123555],{"className":56,"code":123554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\n",[18,123556,123557,123561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123558,123559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123560,46908],{"class":85},[63,123562,123563],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123564,17353],{"class":85},[14,123566,222,123567,123570],{},[18,123568,123569],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[49,123572,13301,123574,13304],{"id":123573},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123575,57571],{},[14,123577,123578,123580],{},[18,123579,57571],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123582,13357],{},[29,123584,123585,123588,123591,123593],{},[32,123586,123587],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[32,123589,123590],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[32,123592,43949],{},[32,123594,123595],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123597,123598,123599,123601,123602,2524,123604,123606],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123600,18392],{}," characters are in ",[18,123603,65371],{},[18,123605,57571],{}," is a simple choice.",[49,123608,263],{"id":262},[54,123610,123612],{"className":56,"code":123611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123613,123614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123615,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123617,61446],{"class":69},[63,123619,259],{"class":81},[63,123621,41550],{"class":145},[63,123623,113],{"class":81},[63,123625,2807],{"class":145},[63,123627,89],{"class":81},[63,123629,36346],{"class":145},[63,123631,89],{"class":81},[63,123633,65137],{"class":145},[63,123635,126],{"class":81},[486,123637,17691],{"id":17690},[29,123639,123640,123645,123650],{},[32,123641,123642,123644],{},[18,123643,2807],{},": the text to search for",[32,123646,123647,123649],{},[18,123648,36367],{},": optional; where counting begins",[32,123651,123652,123654],{},[18,123653,52951],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123656,123657,4726,123659,123661],{},[18,123658,36367],{},[18,123660,52951],{}," work like slice positions:",[29,123663,123664,123669],{},[32,123665,123666,123668],{},[18,123667,36367],{}," is included",[32,123670,123671,75838],{},[18,123672,52951],{},[49,123674,17715],{"id":17714},[14,123676,123677,123679],{},[18,123678,57571],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123681,2462],{},[29,123683,123684,123689],{},[32,123685,123686,123687],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123688,1248],{},[32,123690,123691,123692],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123693,687],{},[14,123695,41196,123696,5488,123698,1725,123700,259],{},[1217,123697,4961],{},[18,123699,3941],{},[18,123701,4010],{},[14,123703,123704,123705,123710],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[196,123706,123708,101698],{"href":123707},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123709,4217],{}," is often a better fit.",[49,123712,11783],{"id":11782},[14,123714,123715],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[54,123717,123719],{"className":56,"code":123718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123720,123721,123733,123755,123759],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123722,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123724,34981],{"class":69},[63,123726,74],{"class":73},[63,123728,824],{"class":116},[63,123730,408],{"class":120},[63,123732,3694],{"class":116},[63,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123736,851],{"class":69},[63,123738,74],{"class":73},[63,123740,43132],{"class":69},[63,123742,259],{"class":81},[63,123744,41550],{"class":145},[63,123746,113],{"class":81},[63,123748,117],{"class":116},[63,123750,14],{"class":120},[63,123752,117],{"class":116},[63,123754,126],{"class":81},[63,123756,123757],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,123758,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,123762,140],{"class":139},[63,123764,113],{"class":81},[63,123766,875],{"class":145},[63,123768,126],{"class":81},[14,123770,163],{},[54,123772,123773],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,123774,123775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123776,123777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123778,17353],{"class":85},[14,123780,1209,123781,123784,123785,259],{},[18,123782,123783],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123786,58114],{},[49,123788,123790],{"id":123789},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123792,123793,123795],{},[18,123794,57571],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[54,123797,123799],{"className":56,"code":123798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123800,123801,123814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123804,34981],{"class":69},[63,123806,74],{"class":73},[63,123808,824],{"class":116},[63,123810,123811],{"class":120},"cat dog cat bird cat",[63,123813,3694],{"class":116},[63,123815,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123817,140],{"class":139},[63,123819,113],{"class":81},[63,123821,35002],{"class":145},[63,123823,259],{"class":81},[63,123825,41550],{"class":145},[63,123827,113],{"class":81},[63,123829,117],{"class":116},[63,123831,580],{"class":120},[63,123833,117],{"class":116},[63,123835,100],{"class":81},[14,123837,163],{},[54,123839,123840],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,123841,123842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123843,123844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123845,46908],{"class":85},[14,123847,123848],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123850,2543],{},[54,123852,123854],{"className":56,"code":123853,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123855,123856,123869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123857,123858,123860,123862,123864,123867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123859,34981],{"class":69},[63,123861,74],{"class":73},[63,123863,824],{"class":116},[63,123865,123866],{"class":120},"one One one",[63,123868,3694],{"class":116},[63,123870,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123872,140],{"class":139},[63,123874,113],{"class":81},[63,123876,35002],{"class":145},[63,123878,259],{"class":81},[63,123880,41550],{"class":145},[63,123882,113],{"class":81},[63,123884,117],{"class":116},[63,123886,6905],{"class":120},[63,123888,117],{"class":116},[63,123890,100],{"class":81},[14,123892,163],{},[54,123894,123895],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,123896,123897],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123898,123899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123900,17353],{"class":85},[14,123902,123903,123904,123907,123908,123910],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123905,123906],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123909,57571],{}," is case-sensitive.",[49,123912,8733,123913,4726,123915],{"id":65503},[18,123914,36367],{},[18,123916,52951],{},[14,123918,123919],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[54,123921,123923],{"className":56,"code":123922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123924,123925,123937,123963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,123926,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,123928,34981],{"class":69},[63,123930,74],{"class":73},[63,123932,824],{"class":116},[63,123934,427],{"class":120},[63,123936,3694],{"class":116},[63,123938,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,123940,140],{"class":139},[63,123942,113],{"class":81},[63,123944,35002],{"class":145},[63,123946,259],{"class":81},[63,123948,41550],{"class":145},[63,123950,113],{"class":81},[63,123952,117],{"class":116},[63,123954,196],{"class":120},[63,123956,117],{"class":116},[63,123958,89],{"class":81},[63,123960,92],{"class":85},[63,123962,100],{"class":81},[63,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,123966,140],{"class":139},[63,123968,113],{"class":81},[63,123970,35002],{"class":145},[63,123972,259],{"class":81},[63,123974,41550],{"class":145},[63,123976,113],{"class":81},[63,123978,117],{"class":116},[63,123980,196],{"class":120},[63,123982,117],{"class":116},[63,123984,89],{"class":81},[63,123986,92],{"class":85},[63,123988,89],{"class":81},[63,123990,4935],{"class":85},[63,123992,100],{"class":81},[14,123994,163],{},[54,123996,123998],{"className":56,"code":123997,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n1\n",[18,123999,124000,124004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124001,124002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124003,17353],{"class":85},[63,124005,124006],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124007,47208],{"class":85},[486,124009,124011],{"id":124010},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,124013,124014,124015,821],{},"In ",[18,124016,65371],{},[29,124018,124019,124027,124035],{},[32,124020,71062,124021,124023,124024],{},[18,124022,2394],{}," starts at the first ",[18,124025,124026],{},"\"n\"",[32,124028,124029,124032,124033,76136],{},[18,124030,124031],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,124034,2394],{},[32,124036,124037,124032,124040,124042,124043],{},[18,124038,124039],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,124041,2394],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,124044,661],{},[14,124046,124047],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[54,124049,124051],{"className":56,"code":124050,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,124052,124053,124065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124054,124055,124057,124059,124061,124063],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124056,34981],{"class":69},[63,124058,74],{"class":73},[63,124060,824],{"class":116},[63,124062,427],{"class":120},[63,124064,3694],{"class":116},[63,124066,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124068,140],{"class":139},[63,124070,113],{"class":81},[63,124072,35002],{"class":145},[63,124074,173],{"class":81},[63,124076,2394],{"class":85},[63,124078,821],{"class":81},[63,124080,661],{"class":85},[63,124082,2080],{"class":81},[14,124084,163],{},[54,124086,124087],{"className":56,"code":41759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,124088,124089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124090,124091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124092,41759],{"class":69},[14,124094,124095],{},"Only that section is searched.",[49,124097,124099],{"id":124098},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124101,124102,123910],{},[18,124103,57571],{},[14,124105,2444],{},[29,124107,124108,124116],{},[32,124109,124110,4726,124112,124115],{},[18,124111,18392],{},[18,124113,124114],{},"\"A\""," are different",[32,124117,124118,4726,124120,124115],{},[18,124119,1972],{},[18,124121,90515],{},[14,124123,2543],{},[54,124125,124127],{"className":56,"code":124126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124128,124129,124142],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124130,124131,124133,124135,124137,124140],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124132,34981],{"class":69},[63,124134,74],{"class":73},[63,124136,824],{"class":116},[63,124138,124139],{"class":120},"Apple apple APPLE",[63,124141,3694],{"class":116},[63,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124145,140],{"class":139},[63,124147,113],{"class":81},[63,124149,35002],{"class":145},[63,124151,259],{"class":81},[63,124153,41550],{"class":145},[63,124155,113],{"class":81},[63,124157,117],{"class":116},[63,124159,408],{"class":120},[63,124161,117],{"class":116},[63,124163,100],{"class":81},[14,124165,163],{},[54,124167,124168],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,124169,124170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124171,124172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124173,47208],{"class":85},[14,124175,124176,124177,821],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[196,124178,124180],{"href":124179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,124181,124182],{},"lower()",[54,124184,124186],{"className":56,"code":124185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,124187,124188,124200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124189,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124191,34981],{"class":69},[63,124193,74],{"class":73},[63,124195,824],{"class":116},[63,124197,124139],{"class":120},[63,124199,3694],{"class":116},[63,124201,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124203,140],{"class":139},[63,124205,113],{"class":81},[63,124207,35002],{"class":145},[63,124209,259],{"class":81},[63,124211,8957],{"class":145},[63,124213,8954],{"class":81},[63,124215,41550],{"class":145},[63,124217,113],{"class":81},[63,124219,117],{"class":116},[63,124221,408],{"class":120},[63,124223,117],{"class":116},[63,124225,100],{"class":81},[14,124227,163],{},[54,124229,124230],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,124231,124232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124233,124234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124235,46908],{"class":85},[49,124237,3167],{"id":3166},[14,124239,23387,124240,259],{},[18,124241,57571],{},[486,124243,8769,124245,124247],{"id":124244},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,124246,57571],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124249,124250],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[54,124252,124254],{"className":56,"code":124253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124255,124256,124269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124267],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124259,34981],{"class":69},[63,124261,74],{"class":73},[63,124263,824],{"class":116},[63,124265,124266],{"class":120},"Aardvark",[63,124268,3694],{"class":116},[63,124270,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124272,140],{"class":139},[63,124274,113],{"class":81},[63,124276,35002],{"class":145},[63,124278,259],{"class":81},[63,124280,41550],{"class":145},[63,124282,113],{"class":81},[63,124284,117],{"class":116},[63,124286,196],{"class":120},[63,124288,117],{"class":116},[63,124290,100],{"class":81},[14,124292,163],{},[54,124294,124295],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,124296,124297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124298,124299],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124300,17353],{"class":85},[14,124302,123903,124303,124305],{},[18,124304,124114],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124307,124308],{},"If needed, convert first:",[54,124310,124312],{"className":56,"code":124311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124313,124314,124326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124315,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124317,34981],{"class":69},[63,124319,74],{"class":73},[63,124321,824],{"class":116},[63,124323,124266],{"class":120},[63,124325,3694],{"class":116},[63,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124329,140],{"class":139},[63,124331,113],{"class":81},[63,124333,35002],{"class":145},[63,124335,259],{"class":81},[63,124337,8957],{"class":145},[63,124339,8954],{"class":81},[63,124341,41550],{"class":145},[63,124343,113],{"class":81},[63,124345,117],{"class":116},[63,124347,196],{"class":120},[63,124349,117],{"class":116},[63,124351,100],{"class":81},[486,124353,124355],{"id":124354},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124357,124358],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[54,124360,124362],{"className":56,"code":124361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,124363,124364,124376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124365,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124367,34981],{"class":69},[63,124369,74],{"class":73},[63,124371,824],{"class":116},[63,124373,427],{"class":120},[63,124375,3694],{"class":116},[63,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124379,140],{"class":139},[63,124381,113],{"class":81},[63,124383,35002],{"class":145},[63,124385,259],{"class":81},[63,124387,41550],{"class":145},[63,124389,113],{"class":81},[63,124391,196],{"class":145},[63,124393,100],{"class":81},[14,124395,124396,124397,259],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,124398,196],{},[14,124400,11113],{},[54,124402,124404],{"className":56,"code":124403,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,124405,124406,124418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124407,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124409,34981],{"class":69},[63,124411,74],{"class":73},[63,124413,824],{"class":116},[63,124415,427],{"class":120},[63,124417,3694],{"class":116},[63,124419,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124421,140],{"class":139},[63,124423,113],{"class":81},[63,124425,35002],{"class":145},[63,124427,259],{"class":81},[63,124429,41550],{"class":145},[63,124431,113],{"class":81},[63,124433,117],{"class":116},[63,124435,196],{"class":120},[63,124437,117],{"class":116},[63,124439,100],{"class":81},[486,124441,37494,124443,9021,124445,1725,124448],{"id":124442},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,124444,57571],{},[18,124446,124447],{},"find()",[18,124449,59249],{},[14,124451,222,124452,124454,124455,259],{},[18,124453,57571],{}," when you need the ",[1217,124456,124457],{},"number of matches",[14,124459,222,124460,124454,124465,124467],{},[196,124461,124463],{"href":124462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,124464,124447],{},[1217,124466,65043],{}," of the first match.",[14,124469,222,124470,124475],{},[196,124471,124473],{"href":124472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,124474,59249],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[486,124477,124479],{"id":124478},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124481,124482,124484],{},[18,124483,57571],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124486,2543],{},[54,124488,124490],{"className":56,"code":124489,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,124491,124492,124505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124493,124494,124496,124498,124500,124503],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124495,34981],{"class":69},[63,124497,74],{"class":73},[63,124499,824],{"class":116},[63,124501,124502],{"class":120},"aaaa",[63,124504,3694],{"class":116},[63,124506,124507,124509,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124524,124526],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124508,140],{"class":139},[63,124510,113],{"class":81},[63,124512,35002],{"class":145},[63,124514,259],{"class":81},[63,124516,41550],{"class":145},[63,124518,113],{"class":81},[63,124520,117],{"class":116},[63,124522,124523],{"class":120},"aa",[63,124525,117],{"class":116},[63,124527,100],{"class":81},[14,124529,163],{},[54,124531,124532],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,124533,124534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124535,124536],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124537,17353],{"class":85},[14,124539,124540,124541,259],{},"It does not return ",[18,124542,1248],{},[14,124544,124545],{},"Why not?",[14,124547,124548],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[29,124550,124551,124560],{},[32,124552,124553,124556,124557],{},[18,124554,124555],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,124558,124559],{},"0-1",[32,124561,124562,124556,124564],{},[18,124563,124555],{},[18,124565,124566],{},"2-3",[14,124568,124569,124570,259],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,124571,124572],{},"1-2",[49,124574,5292,124575],{"id":58654},[18,124576,57571],{},[14,124578,222,124579,124581],{},[18,124580,57571],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124583,124584],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[29,124586,124587,124596,124606,124616],{},[32,124588,222,124589,124591,124592,124595],{},[18,124590,57571],{}," when you need ",[1217,124593,124594],{},"how many times"," something appears",[32,124597,222,124598,124591,124602,124605],{},[196,124599,124600],{"href":124462},[18,124601,124447],{},[1217,124603,124604],{},"where"," it appears",[32,124607,48102,124608,124612,124613],{},[196,124609,124610,101698],{"href":123707},[18,124611,4217],{}," when you only need to know ",[1217,124614,124615],{},"if it exists",[32,124617,222,124618,124624],{},[196,124619,124621],{"href":124620},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124622,124623],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[49,124626,26233],{"id":26232},[14,124628,9192,124629,124631],{},[18,124630,57571],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[54,124633,124635],{"className":56,"code":124634,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124636,124637,124647,124661,124683,124709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124640,140],{"class":139},[63,124642,113],{"class":81},[63,124644,35002],{"class":145},[63,124646,126],{"class":81},[63,124648,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124650,140],{"class":139},[63,124652,113],{"class":81},[63,124654,3557],{"class":77},[63,124656,113],{"class":81},[63,124658,35002],{"class":145},[63,124660,100],{"class":81},[63,124662,124663,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,124664,140],{"class":139},[63,124666,113],{"class":81},[63,124668,35002],{"class":145},[63,124670,259],{"class":81},[63,124672,41550],{"class":145},[63,124674,113],{"class":81},[63,124676,117],{"class":116},[63,124678,196],{"class":120},[63,124680,117],{"class":116},[63,124682,100],{"class":81},[63,124684,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,124686,140],{"class":139},[63,124688,113],{"class":81},[63,124690,35002],{"class":145},[63,124692,259],{"class":81},[63,124694,8957],{"class":145},[63,124696,8954],{"class":81},[63,124698,41550],{"class":145},[63,124700,113],{"class":81},[63,124702,117],{"class":116},[63,124704,196],{"class":120},[63,124706,117],{"class":116},[63,124708,100],{"class":81},[63,124710,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,124712,140],{"class":139},[63,124714,113],{"class":81},[63,124716,35002],{"class":145},[63,124718,259],{"class":81},[63,124720,41550],{"class":145},[63,124722,113],{"class":81},[63,124724,117],{"class":116},[63,124726,123545],{"class":120},[63,124728,117],{"class":116},[63,124730,100],{"class":81},[14,124732,124733],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[29,124735,124736,124739,124744,124747],{},[32,124737,124738],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,124740,124741,124743],{},[18,124742,35002],{}," not being a string",[32,124745,124746],{},"counting the wrong substring",[32,124748,124749],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124751,59143],{},[29,124753,124754,124757,124760,124763],{},[32,124755,124756],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[32,124758,124759],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[32,124761,124762],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[32,124764,50784,124765,44921,124767,1725,124769,73408],{},[18,124766,57571],{},[18,124768,124447],{},[18,124770,4217],{},[49,124772,2165],{"id":2164},[486,124774,124776,124777,124779],{"id":124775},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124778,57571],{}," change the original string?",[14,124781,124782],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[486,124784,15199,124786,124788],{"id":124785},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124787,57571],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124790,124791],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[486,124793,5469,124795,124797],{"id":124794},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124796,57571],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124799,5475,124800,259],{},[18,124801,687],{},[486,124803,5497,124805,124807],{"id":124804},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124806,57571],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124809,124810],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[486,124812,13011,124814,124816],{"id":124813},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124815,57571],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124818,124819],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[49,124821,2219],{"id":2218},[29,124823,124824,124831,124838,124845,124852],{},[32,124825,124826],{},[196,124827,124828],{"href":124462},[18,124829,124830],{},"Python string find() method",[32,124832,124833],{},[196,124834,124835],{"href":124472},[18,124836,124837],{},"Python string index() method",[32,124839,124840],{},[196,124841,124842],{"href":124179},[18,124843,124844],{},"Python string lower() method",[32,124846,124847],{},[196,124848,124849],{"href":123707},[18,124850,124851],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,124853,124854],{},[196,124855,124856],{"href":124620},[18,124857,124858],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2259,124860,124861],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":124863},[124864,124865,124867,124870,124871,124872,124873,124876,124877,124885,124886,124887,124899],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":123573,"depth":103,"text":124866},"What the count() method does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":124868},[124869],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":123789,"depth":103,"text":123790},{"id":65503,"depth":103,"text":66286,"children":124874},[124875],{"id":124010,"depth":129,"text":124011},{"id":124098,"depth":103,"text":124099},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":124878},[124879,124881,124882,124884],{"id":124244,"depth":129,"text":124880},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124354,"depth":129,"text":124355},{"id":124442,"depth":129,"text":124883},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124478,"depth":129,"text":124479},{"id":58654,"depth":103,"text":59285},{"id":26232,"depth":103,"text":26233},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":124888},[124889,124891,124893,124895,124897],{"id":124775,"depth":129,"text":124890},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124785,"depth":129,"text":124892},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124794,"depth":129,"text":124894},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124804,"depth":129,"text":124896},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124813,"depth":129,"text":124898},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123446,"description":124900},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124907,"title":124908,"body":124909,"description":126494,"extension":2300,"meta":126495,"navigation":132,"path":126496,"seo":126497,"stem":126498,"__hash__":126499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124910,"toc":126467},[124911,124914,124917,125014,125023,125025,125044,125048,125051,125054,125067,125070,125099,125104,125109,125167,125169,125202,125208,125212,125215,125218,125247,125250,125277,125280,125283,125287,125290,125297,125360,125362,125380,125383,125387,125390,125393,125435,125438,125482,125485,125488,125492,125497,125500,125543,125545,125568,125571,125604,125607,125656,125666,125670,125673,125676,125705,125708,125719,125721,125780,125783,125787,125790,125793,125808,125817,125820,125854,125857,125884,125887,125894,125896,125899,125901,125904,125918,125927,125929,125956,125960,125963,125977,125980,126039,126043,126046,126073,126076,126103,126111,126114,126174,126176,126209,126213,126216,126235,126240,126289,126294,126296,126299,126358,126376,126378,126382,126390,126394,126397,126401,126407,126411,126421,126425,126428,126430,126464],[10,124912,124908],{"id":124913},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124915,124916],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[54,124918,124920],{"className":56,"code":124919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124921,124922,124934,124946,124955,124969,124973,124983,124993,125004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,124923,124924,124926,124928,124930,124932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,124925,8194],{"class":69},[63,124927,74],{"class":73},[63,124929,824],{"class":116},[63,124931,5334],{"class":120},[63,124933,3694],{"class":116},[63,124935,124936,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,124937,90104],{"class":69},[63,124939,74],{"class":73},[63,124941,203],{"class":116},[63,124943,35161],{"class":120},[63,124945,29991],{"class":116},[63,124947,124948,124951,124953],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,124949,124950],{"class":69},"empty ",[63,124952,74],{"class":73},[63,124954,8199],{"class":116},[63,124956,124957,124959,124961,124963,124965,124967],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,124958,34981],{"class":69},[63,124960,74],{"class":73},[63,124962,49196],{"class":77},[63,124964,113],{"class":81},[63,124966,50538],{"class":85},[63,124968,126],{"class":81},[63,124970,124971],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,124972,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,124976,140],{"class":139},[63,124978,113],{"class":81},[63,124980,816],{"class":145},[63,124982,126],{"class":81},[63,124984,124985,124987,124989,124991],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,124986,140],{"class":139},[63,124988,113],{"class":81},[63,124990,90121],{"class":145},[63,124992,126],{"class":81},[63,124994,124995,124997,124999,125002],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,124996,140],{"class":139},[63,124998,113],{"class":81},[63,125000,125001],{"class":145},"empty",[63,125003,126],{"class":81},[63,125005,125006,125008,125010,125012],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,125007,140],{"class":139},[63,125009,113],{"class":81},[63,125011,35002],{"class":145},[63,125013,126],{"class":81},[14,125015,125016,125019,125020,125022],{},[1217,125017,125018],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,125021,47975],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[49,125024,15459],{"id":15458},[29,125026,125027,125030,125033,125036,125041],{},[32,125028,125029],{},"What a string is in Python",[32,125031,125032],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[32,125034,125035],{},"How to create an empty string",[32,125037,125038,125039],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,125040,47975],{},[32,125042,125043],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[49,125045,125047],{"id":125046},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125049,125050],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125052,125053],{},"Strings can contain:",[29,125055,125056,125059,125061,125064],{},[32,125057,125058],{},"Letters",[32,125060,56743],{},[32,125062,125063],{},"Spaces",[32,125065,125066],{},"Symbols",[14,125068,125069],{},"Examples of strings:",[54,125071,125073],{"className":56,"code":125072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,125074,125075,125083,125091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125076,125077,125079,125081],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125078,117],{"class":43619},[63,125080,1995],{"class":43623},[63,125082,3694],{"class":43619},[63,125084,125085,125087,125089],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125086,117],{"class":43619},[63,125088,50538],{"class":43623},[63,125090,3694],{"class":43619},[63,125092,125093,125095,125097],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125094,117],{"class":43619},[63,125096,89246],{"class":43623},[63,125098,3694],{"class":43619},[14,125100,21272,125101,125103],{},[18,125102,50588],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125105,125106,125107,821],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,125108,2637],{},[54,125110,125112],{"className":56,"code":125111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,125113,125114,125126,125135,125139,125153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125115,125116,125118,125120,125122,125124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125117,34981],{"class":69},[63,125119,74],{"class":73},[63,125121,824],{"class":116},[63,125123,50538],{"class":120},[63,125125,3694],{"class":116},[63,125127,125128,125130,125132],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125129,2553],{"class":69},[63,125131,74],{"class":73},[63,125133,125134],{"class":85}," 123\n",[63,125136,125137],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125138,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125140,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125142,140],{"class":139},[63,125144,113],{"class":81},[63,125146,3557],{"class":77},[63,125148,113],{"class":81},[63,125150,35002],{"class":145},[63,125152,100],{"class":81},[63,125154,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,125156,140],{"class":139},[63,125158,113],{"class":81},[63,125160,3557],{"class":77},[63,125162,113],{"class":81},[63,125164,2575],{"class":145},[63,125166,100],{"class":81},[14,125168,163],{},[54,125170,125172],{"className":56,"code":125171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,125173,125174,125188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125175,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125177,3626],{"class":73},[63,125179,3629],{"class":2402},[63,125181,203],{"class":116},[63,125183,3779],{"class":120},[63,125185,193],{"class":116},[63,125187,3638],{"class":73},[63,125189,125190,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125191,3626],{"class":73},[63,125193,3629],{"class":2402},[63,125195,203],{"class":116},[63,125197,1039],{"class":120},[63,125199,193],{"class":116},[63,125201,3638],{"class":73},[14,125203,125204,125205,259],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[196,125206,125207],{"href":51268},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[49,125209,125211],{"id":125210},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125213,125214],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125216,125217],{},"You can use single quotes:",[54,125219,125221],{"className":56,"code":125220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125222,125223,125236],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125224,125225,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125226,125227],{"class":69},"greeting ",[63,125229,74],{"class":73},[63,125231,203],{"class":116},[63,125233,1995],{"class":120},[63,125235,29991],{"class":116},[63,125237,125238,125240,125242,125245],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125239,140],{"class":139},[63,125241,113],{"class":81},[63,125243,125244],{"class":145},"greeting",[63,125246,126],{"class":81},[14,125248,125249],{},"Or double quotes:",[54,125251,125253],{"className":56,"code":125252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,125254,125255,125267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125256,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125258,125227],{"class":69},[63,125260,74],{"class":73},[63,125262,824],{"class":116},[63,125264,1995],{"class":120},[63,125266,3694],{"class":116},[63,125268,125269,125271,125273,125275],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125270,140],{"class":139},[63,125272,113],{"class":81},[63,125274,125244],{"class":145},[63,125276,126],{"class":81},[14,125278,125279],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125281,125282],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[49,125284,125286],{"id":125285},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125288,125289],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125291,125292,125293,1725,125295,821],{},"Use either ",[18,125294,6592],{},[18,125296,4110],{},[54,125298,125300],{"className":56,"code":125299,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,125301,125302,125311,125320,125324,125335,125346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125303,125304,125307,125309],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125305,125306],{"class":69},"empty1 ",[63,125308,74],{"class":73},[63,125310,8199],{"class":116},[63,125312,125313,125316,125318],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125314,125315],{"class":69},"empty2 ",[63,125317,74],{"class":73},[63,125319,47787],{"class":116},[63,125321,125322],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125323,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125325,125326,125328,125330,125333],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125327,140],{"class":139},[63,125329,113],{"class":81},[63,125331,125332],{"class":145},"empty1",[63,125334,126],{"class":81},[63,125336,125337,125339,125341,125344],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,125338,140],{"class":139},[63,125340,113],{"class":81},[63,125342,125343],{"class":145},"empty2",[63,125345,126],{"class":81},[63,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,125349,140],{"class":139},[63,125351,113],{"class":81},[63,125353,3557],{"class":77},[63,125355,113],{"class":81},[63,125357,125332],{"class":145},[63,125359,100],{"class":81},[14,125361,163],{},[54,125363,125364],{"className":56,"code":46062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,125365,125366],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125369,3626],{"class":73},[63,125371,3629],{"class":2402},[63,125373,203],{"class":116},[63,125375,3779],{"class":120},[63,125377,193],{"class":116},[63,125379,3638],{"class":73},[14,125381,125382],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[49,125384,125386],{"id":125385},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125388,125389],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125391,125392],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[54,125394,125396],{"className":56,"code":125395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125397,125398,125409,125414,125421,125425],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125399,125400,125402,125404,125407],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125401,90104],{"class":69},[63,125403,74],{"class":73},[63,125405,125406],{"class":116}," \"\"\"",[63,125408,89046],{"class":120},[63,125410,125411],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125412,125413],{"class":120},"Welcome to Python\n",[63,125415,125416,125419],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125417,125418],{"class":120},"Have a nice day",[63,125420,43627],{"class":116},[63,125422,125423],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125424,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125426,125427,125429,125431,125433],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,125428,140],{"class":139},[63,125430,113],{"class":81},[63,125432,90121],{"class":145},[63,125434,126],{"class":81},[14,125436,125437],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[54,125439,125441],{"className":56,"code":125440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125442,125443,125455,125460,125468,125472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125444,125445,125447,125449,125452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125446,90104],{"class":69},[63,125448,74],{"class":73},[63,125450,125451],{"class":116}," '''",[63,125453,125454],{"class":120},"Line 1\n",[63,125456,125457],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125458,125459],{"class":120},"Line 2\n",[63,125461,125462,125465],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125463,125464],{"class":120},"Line 3",[63,125466,125467],{"class":116},"'''\n",[63,125469,125470],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125471,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125473,125474,125476,125478,125480],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,125475,140],{"class":139},[63,125477,113],{"class":81},[63,125479,90121],{"class":145},[63,125481,126],{"class":81},[14,125483,125484],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125486,125487],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[49,125489,125491],{"id":125490},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125493,2317,125494,125496],{},[18,125495,47975],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125498,125499],{},"Example with a number:",[54,125501,125503],{"className":56,"code":125502,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,125504,125505,125519,125529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125508,34981],{"class":69},[63,125510,74],{"class":73},[63,125512,49196],{"class":77},[63,125514,113],{"class":81},[63,125516,46817],{"class":85},[63,125518,126],{"class":81},[63,125520,125521,125523,125525,125527],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125522,140],{"class":139},[63,125524,113],{"class":81},[63,125526,35002],{"class":145},[63,125528,126],{"class":81},[63,125530,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125532,140],{"class":139},[63,125534,113],{"class":81},[63,125536,3557],{"class":77},[63,125538,113],{"class":81},[63,125540,35002],{"class":145},[63,125542,100],{"class":81},[14,125544,163],{},[54,125546,125548],{"className":56,"code":125547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125549,125550,125554],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125551,125552],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125553,46903],{"class":85},[63,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564,125566],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125557,3626],{"class":73},[63,125559,3629],{"class":2402},[63,125561,203],{"class":116},[63,125563,3779],{"class":120},[63,125565,193],{"class":116},[63,125567,3638],{"class":73},[14,125569,125570],{},"You can also convert other values:",[54,125572,125574],{"className":56,"code":125573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125575,125576,125590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125586,125588],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125579,140],{"class":139},[63,125581,113],{"class":81},[63,125583,3779],{"class":77},[63,125585,113],{"class":81},[63,125587,3941],{"class":1205},[63,125589,100],{"class":81},[63,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125593,140],{"class":139},[63,125595,113],{"class":81},[63,125597,3779],{"class":77},[63,125599,113],{"class":81},[63,125601,40433],{"class":85},[63,125603,100],{"class":81},[14,125605,125606],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[54,125608,125610],{"className":56,"code":125609,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125611,125612,125620,125642,125646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125613,125614,125616,125618],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125615,21923],{"class":69},[63,125617,74],{"class":73},[63,125619,45517],{"class":85},[63,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125623,90104],{"class":69},[63,125625,74],{"class":73},[63,125627,824],{"class":116},[63,125629,89522],{"class":120},[63,125631,117],{"class":116},[63,125633,2789],{"class":73},[63,125635,49196],{"class":77},[63,125637,113],{"class":81},[63,125639,836],{"class":145},[63,125641,126],{"class":81},[63,125643,125644],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125645,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125647,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125649,140],{"class":139},[63,125651,113],{"class":81},[63,125653,90121],{"class":145},[63,125655,126],{"class":81},[14,125657,125658,125659,1725,125663,259],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[196,125660,3912,125661,3845],{"href":42465},[18,125662,47975],{},[196,125664,125665],{"href":123377},"how to convert int to string in Python",[49,125667,125669],{"id":125668},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125671,125672],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125674,125675],{},"Both of these are valid:",[54,125677,125679],{"className":56,"code":125678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125684,2890],{"class":69},[63,125686,74],{"class":73},[63,125688,203],{"class":116},[63,125690,7617],{"class":120},[63,125692,29991],{"class":116},[63,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125696,2918],{"class":69},[63,125698,74],{"class":73},[63,125700,824],{"class":116},[63,125702,7617],{"class":120},[63,125704,3694],{"class":116},[14,125706,125707],{},"A common rule is:",[29,125709,125710,125713,125716],{},[32,125711,125712],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[32,125714,125715],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[32,125717,125718],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125720,2543],{},[54,125722,125724],{"className":56,"code":125723,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125725,125726,125740,125754,125758,125769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125727,125728,125731,125733,125735,125738],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125729,125730],{"class":69},"text1 ",[63,125732,74],{"class":73},[63,125734,824],{"class":116},[63,125736,125737],{"class":120},"It's working",[63,125739,3694],{"class":116},[63,125741,125742,125745,125747,125749,125752],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125743,125744],{"class":69},"text2 ",[63,125746,74],{"class":73},[63,125748,203],{"class":116},[63,125750,125751],{"class":120},"She said \"hello\"",[63,125753,29991],{"class":116},[63,125755,125756],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,125757,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,125759,125760,125762,125764,125767],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,125761,140],{"class":139},[63,125763,113],{"class":81},[63,125765,125766],{"class":145},"text1",[63,125768,126],{"class":81},[63,125770,125771,125773,125775,125778],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,125772,140],{"class":139},[63,125774,113],{"class":81},[63,125776,125777],{"class":145},"text2",[63,125779,126],{"class":81},[14,125781,125782],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[49,125784,125786],{"id":125785},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125788,125789],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125791,125792],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[54,125794,125796],{"className":56,"code":125795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125797,125798,125803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125799,125800],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125801,125802],{"class":1910},"# This will cause an error\n",[63,125804,125805],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125806,125807],{"class":1910},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125809,125810,125811,35624,125813,125816],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125812,193],{},[18,125814,125815],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125818,125819],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[54,125821,125823],{"className":56,"code":125822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125824,125825,125844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833,125836,125839,125842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125828,34981],{"class":69},[63,125830,74],{"class":73},[63,125832,203],{"class":116},[63,125834,125835],{"class":120},"It",[63,125837,125838],{"class":34746},"\\'",[63,125840,125841],{"class":120},"s working",[63,125843,29991],{"class":116},[63,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125847,140],{"class":139},[63,125849,113],{"class":81},[63,125851,35002],{"class":145},[63,125853,126],{"class":81},[14,125855,125856],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[54,125858,125860],{"className":56,"code":125859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125861,125862,125874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125863,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125865,34981],{"class":69},[63,125867,74],{"class":73},[63,125869,824],{"class":116},[63,125871,125737],{"class":120},[63,125873,3694],{"class":116},[63,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125877,140],{"class":139},[63,125879,113],{"class":81},[63,125881,35002],{"class":145},[63,125883,126],{"class":81},[14,125885,125886],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125888,125889,125890,259],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[196,125891,125893],{"href":125892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[49,125895,3167],{"id":3166},[14,125897,125898],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[486,125900,90311],{"id":90310},[14,125902,125903],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[54,125905,125907],{"className":56,"code":125906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125908,125909,125913],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125910,125911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125912,125802],{"class":1910},[63,125914,125915],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125916,125917],{"class":1910},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125919,125920,125921,8918,125924,125926],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125922,125923],{},"NameError",[18,125925,5334],{}," is not defined.",[14,125928,11113],{},[54,125930,125932],{"className":56,"code":125931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125933,125934,125946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125937,8194],{"class":69},[63,125939,74],{"class":73},[63,125941,824],{"class":116},[63,125943,5334],{"class":120},[63,125945,3694],{"class":116},[63,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125949,140],{"class":139},[63,125951,113],{"class":81},[63,125953,816],{"class":145},[63,125955,126],{"class":81},[486,125957,125959],{"id":125958},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125961,125962],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[54,125964,125966],{"className":56,"code":125965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125967,125968,125972],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125969,125970],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125971,125802],{"class":1910},[63,125973,125974],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,125975,125976],{"class":1910},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125978,125979],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[54,125981,125983],{"className":56,"code":125982,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125984,125985,126002,126015,126019,126029],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,125986,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995,125997,126000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,125988,125730],{"class":69},[63,125990,74],{"class":73},[63,125992,203],{"class":116},[63,125994,125835],{"class":120},[63,125996,125838],{"class":34746},[63,125998,125999],{"class":120},"s good",[63,126001,29991],{"class":116},[63,126003,126004,126006,126008,126010,126013],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126005,125744],{"class":69},[63,126007,74],{"class":73},[63,126009,824],{"class":116},[63,126011,126012],{"class":120},"It's good",[63,126014,3694],{"class":116},[63,126016,126017],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126018,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,126022,140],{"class":139},[63,126024,113],{"class":81},[63,126026,125766],{"class":145},[63,126028,126],{"class":81},[63,126030,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,126032,140],{"class":139},[63,126034,113],{"class":81},[63,126036,125777],{"class":145},[63,126038,126],{"class":81},[486,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126044,126045],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[54,126047,126049],{"className":56,"code":126048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126050,126051,126063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126052,126053,126055,126057,126059,126061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126054,34981],{"class":69},[63,126056,74],{"class":73},[63,126058,125406],{"class":116},[63,126060,1995],{"class":120},[63,126062,43627],{"class":116},[63,126064,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126066,140],{"class":139},[63,126068,113],{"class":81},[63,126070,35002],{"class":145},[63,126072,126],{"class":81},[14,126074,126075],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[54,126077,126079],{"className":56,"code":126078,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,126080,126081,126093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126084,34981],{"class":69},[63,126086,74],{"class":73},[63,126088,824],{"class":116},[63,126090,1995],{"class":120},[63,126092,3694],{"class":116},[63,126094,126095,126097,126099,126101],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126096,140],{"class":139},[63,126098,113],{"class":81},[63,126100,35002],{"class":145},[63,126102,126],{"class":81},[486,126104,4909,126106,4726,126108,126110],{"id":126105},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,126107,50538],{},[18,126109,50588],{}," are the same type",[14,126112,126113],{},"They are different:",[54,126115,126117],{"className":56,"code":126116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,126118,126119,126128,126141,126145,126159],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126120,126121,126124,126126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126122,126123],{"class":69},"value1 ",[63,126125,74],{"class":73},[63,126127,125134],{"class":85},[63,126129,126130,126133,126135,126137,126139],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126131,126132],{"class":69},"value2 ",[63,126134,74],{"class":73},[63,126136,824],{"class":116},[63,126138,50538],{"class":120},[63,126140,3694],{"class":116},[63,126142,126143],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126144,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,126148,140],{"class":139},[63,126150,113],{"class":81},[63,126152,3557],{"class":77},[63,126154,113],{"class":81},[63,126156,84867],{"class":145},[63,126158,100],{"class":81},[63,126160,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126172],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,126162,140],{"class":139},[63,126164,113],{"class":81},[63,126166,3557],{"class":77},[63,126168,113],{"class":81},[63,126170,126171],{"class":145},"value2",[63,126173,100],{"class":81},[14,126175,163],{},[54,126177,126179],{"className":56,"code":126178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,126180,126181,126195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126184,3626],{"class":73},[63,126186,3629],{"class":2402},[63,126188,203],{"class":116},[63,126190,1039],{"class":120},[63,126192,193],{"class":116},[63,126194,3638],{"class":73},[63,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126198,3626],{"class":73},[63,126200,3629],{"class":2402},[63,126202,203],{"class":116},[63,126204,3779],{"class":120},[63,126206,193],{"class":116},[63,126208,3638],{"class":73},[486,126210,126212],{"id":126211},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126214,126215],{},"This causes a type error:",[54,126217,126219],{"className":56,"code":126218,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,126220,126221,126225,126230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126222,126223],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126224,125802],{"class":1910},[63,126226,126227],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126228,126229],{"class":1910},"# age = 10\n",[63,126231,126232],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126233,126234],{"class":1910},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126236,126237,126238,821],{},"Fix it with ",[18,126239,47975],{},[54,126241,126243],{"className":56,"code":126242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,126244,126245,126253,126275,126279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126246,126247,126249,126251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126248,21923],{"class":69},[63,126250,74],{"class":73},[63,126252,2923],{"class":85},[63,126254,126255,126257,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126256,90104],{"class":69},[63,126258,74],{"class":73},[63,126260,824],{"class":116},[63,126262,89522],{"class":120},[63,126264,117],{"class":116},[63,126266,2789],{"class":73},[63,126268,49196],{"class":77},[63,126270,113],{"class":81},[63,126272,836],{"class":145},[63,126274,126],{"class":81},[63,126276,126277],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126278,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,126282,140],{"class":139},[63,126284,113],{"class":81},[63,126286,90121],{"class":145},[63,126288,126],{"class":81},[14,126290,126291,126292,259],{},"For this specific error, see ",[196,126293,90503],{"href":90502},[486,126295,60983],{"id":60982},[14,126297,126298],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[54,126300,126302],{"className":56,"code":126301,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,126303,126304,126316,126320,126330,126344],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126305,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126307,34981],{"class":69},[63,126309,74],{"class":73},[63,126311,824],{"class":116},[63,126313,1995],{"class":120},[63,126315,3694],{"class":116},[63,126317,126318],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126319,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126323,140],{"class":139},[63,126325,113],{"class":81},[63,126327,35002],{"class":145},[63,126329,126],{"class":81},[63,126331,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,126333,140],{"class":139},[63,126335,113],{"class":81},[63,126337,3557],{"class":77},[63,126339,113],{"class":81},[63,126341,35002],{"class":145},[63,126343,100],{"class":81},[63,126345,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,126347,140],{"class":139},[63,126349,113],{"class":81},[63,126351,42069],{"class":139},[63,126353,113],{"class":81},[63,126355,35002],{"class":145},[63,126357,100],{"class":81},[29,126359,126360,126365,126370],{},[32,126361,126362,46569],{},[18,126363,126364],{},"print(text)",[32,126366,126367,46574],{},[18,126368,126369],{},"print(type(text))",[32,126371,126372,126375],{},[18,126373,126374],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[49,126377,2165],{"id":2164},[486,126379,126381],{"id":126380},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126383,126384,126385,1725,126388,259],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,126386,126387],{},"'hello'",[18,126389,1972],{},[486,126391,126393],{"id":126392},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126395,126396],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[486,126398,126400],{"id":126399},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126402,222,126403,1725,126405,259],{},[18,126404,6592],{},[18,126406,4110],{},[486,126408,126410],{"id":126409},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126412,222,126413,126415,126416,126418,126419,259],{},[18,126414,47975],{},", like ",[18,126417,80477],{},", which returns ",[18,126420,42416],{},[486,126422,126424],{"id":126423},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126426,126427],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[49,126429,2219],{"id":2218},[29,126431,126432,126436,126442,126447,126456,126460],{},[32,126433,126434],{},[196,126435,125207],{"href":51268},[32,126437,126438],{},[196,126439,3912,126440,3845],{"href":42465},[18,126441,47975],{},[32,126443,126444],{},[196,126445,126446],{"href":123377},"How to convert int to string in Python",[32,126448,126449],{},[196,126450,126452,126453,11046],{"href":126451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,126454,126455],{},"format()",[32,126457,126458],{},[196,126459,125893],{"href":125892},[32,126461,126462],{},[196,126463,90503],{"href":90502},[2259,126465,126466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":126468},[126469,126470,126471,126472,126473,126474,126475,126476,126477,126486,126493],{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":125046,"depth":103,"text":125047},{"id":125210,"depth":103,"text":125211},{"id":125285,"depth":103,"text":125286},{"id":125385,"depth":103,"text":125386},{"id":125490,"depth":103,"text":125491},{"id":125668,"depth":103,"text":125669},{"id":125785,"depth":103,"text":125786},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":126478},[126479,126480,126481,126482,126484,126485],{"id":90310,"depth":129,"text":90311},{"id":125958,"depth":129,"text":125959},{"id":126041,"depth":129,"text":126042},{"id":126105,"depth":129,"text":126483},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126211,"depth":129,"text":126212},{"id":60982,"depth":129,"text":60983},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":126487},[126488,126489,126490,126491,126492],{"id":126380,"depth":129,"text":126381},{"id":126392,"depth":129,"text":126393},{"id":126399,"depth":129,"text":126400},{"id":126409,"depth":129,"text":126410},{"id":126423,"depth":129,"text":126424},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124908,"description":126494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126501,"title":126502,"body":126503,"description":128417,"extension":2300,"meta":128418,"navigation":132,"path":128419,"seo":128420,"stem":128421,"__hash__":128422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126504,"toc":128378},[126505,126511,126516,126524,126526,126593,126595,126607,126616,126621,126625,126642,126644,126709,126711,126723,126728,126730,126758,126779,126782,126821,126823,126831,126835,126839,126843,126851,126854,126895,126897,126905,126908,126965,126967,126975,126979,126984,127028,127030,127038,127047,127051,127056,127104,127106,127114,127120,127122,127126,127138,127143,127222,127224,127244,127248,127252,127292,127294,127302,127306,127349,127351,127359,127363,127403,127405,127413,127417,127473,127475,127483,127489,127491,127495,127505,127572,127574,127587,127594,127637,127639,127647,127651,127654,127710,127712,127720,127723,127725,127802,127804,127812,127821,127823,127827,127831,127833,127855,127858,127905,127909,127948,127950,127958,127960,128002,128009,128014,128076,128078,128090,128096,128101,128150,128152,128171,128177,128179,128198,128200,128291,128293,128299,128306,128312,128318,128323,128332,128339,128347,128349,128375],[10,126506,123452,126508,11629],{"id":126507},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,126509,126510],{},"endswith()",[14,126512,123457,126513,126515],{},[18,126514,126510],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126517,126518,126519,1725,126521,126523],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,126520,3941],{},[18,126522,4010],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[49,126525,52],{"id":51},[54,126527,126529],{"className":56,"code":126528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126530,126531,126545,126570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126532,126533,126536,126538,126540,126543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126534,126535],{"class":69},"filename ",[63,126537,74],{"class":73},[63,126539,824],{"class":116},[63,126541,126542],{"class":120},"report.csv",[63,126544,3694],{"class":116},[63,126546,126547,126549,126551,126554,126556,126559,126561,126563,126566,126568],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126548,140],{"class":139},[63,126550,113],{"class":81},[63,126552,126553],{"class":145},"filename",[63,126555,259],{"class":81},[63,126557,126558],{"class":145},"endswith",[63,126560,113],{"class":81},[63,126562,117],{"class":116},[63,126564,126565],{"class":120},".csv",[63,126567,117],{"class":116},[63,126569,100],{"class":81},[63,126571,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126589,126591],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126573,140],{"class":139},[63,126575,113],{"class":81},[63,126577,126553],{"class":145},[63,126579,259],{"class":81},[63,126581,126558],{"class":145},[63,126583,113],{"class":81},[63,126585,117],{"class":116},[63,126587,126588],{"class":120},".txt",[63,126590,117],{"class":116},[63,126592,100],{"class":81},[14,126594,163],{},[54,126596,126597],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,126598,126599,126603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126600,126601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126602,4313],{"class":1205},[63,126604,126605],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126606,1206],{"class":1205},[14,126608,222,126609,5691,126611,1725,126613,126615],{},[18,126610,126510],{},[18,126612,3941],{},[18,126614,4010],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[49,126617,4014,126619,4017],{"id":126618},"what-endswith-does",[18,126620,126510],{},[14,126622,126623,821],{},[18,126624,126510],{},[29,126626,126627,126630,126636,126639],{},[32,126628,126629],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[32,126631,11731,126632,1725,126634],{},[18,126633,3941],{},[18,126635,4010],{},[32,126637,126638],{},"Does not change the original string",[32,126640,126641],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126643,2543],{},[54,126645,126647],{"className":56,"code":126646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126648,126649,126661,126665,126687],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126652,34981],{"class":69},[63,126654,74],{"class":73},[63,126656,824],{"class":116},[63,126658,60683],{"class":120},[63,126660,3694],{"class":116},[63,126662,126663],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126664,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,126666,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,126668,140],{"class":139},[63,126670,113],{"class":81},[63,126672,35002],{"class":145},[63,126674,259],{"class":81},[63,126676,126558],{"class":145},[63,126678,113],{"class":81},[63,126680,117],{"class":116},[63,126682,60864],{"class":120},[63,126684,117],{"class":116},[63,126686,100],{"class":81},[63,126688,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,126690,140],{"class":139},[63,126692,113],{"class":81},[63,126694,35002],{"class":145},[63,126696,259],{"class":81},[63,126698,126558],{"class":145},[63,126700,113],{"class":81},[63,126702,117],{"class":116},[63,126704,1995],{"class":120},[63,126706,117],{"class":116},[63,126708,100],{"class":81},[14,126710,163],{},[54,126712,126713],{"className":56,"code":44465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,126714,126715,126719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126716,126717],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126718,4313],{"class":1205},[63,126720,126721],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126722,1206],{"class":1205},[14,126724,126725,126726,259],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[196,126727,125207],{"href":51268},[49,126729,263],{"id":262},[54,126731,126733],{"className":56,"code":126732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126734,126735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126736,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126738,61446],{"class":69},[63,126740,259],{"class":81},[63,126742,126558],{"class":145},[63,126744,113],{"class":81},[63,126746,126747],{"class":145},"suffix",[63,126749,89],{"class":81},[63,126751,36346],{"class":145},[63,126753,89],{"class":81},[63,126755,65137],{"class":145},[63,126757,126],{"class":81},[29,126759,126760,126765,126772],{},[32,126761,126762,126764],{},[18,126763,126747],{}," is required",[32,126766,126767,4726,126769,126771],{},[18,126768,36367],{},[18,126770,52951],{}," are optional",[32,126773,126774,4726,126776,126778],{},[18,126775,36367],{},[18,126777,52951],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126780,126781],{},"Basic example:",[54,126783,126785],{"className":56,"code":126784,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126786,126787,126799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126788,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126790,126535],{"class":69},[63,126792,74],{"class":73},[63,126794,824],{"class":116},[63,126796,86992],{"class":120},[63,126798,3694],{"class":116},[63,126800,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126802,140],{"class":139},[63,126804,113],{"class":81},[63,126806,126553],{"class":145},[63,126808,259],{"class":81},[63,126810,126558],{"class":145},[63,126812,113],{"class":81},[63,126814,117],{"class":116},[63,126816,126588],{"class":120},[63,126818,117],{"class":116},[63,126820,100],{"class":81},[14,126822,163],{},[54,126824,126825],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,126826,126827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126828,126829],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126830,4313],{"class":1205},[49,126832,126834],{"id":126833},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[486,126836,126837],{"id":126747},[18,126838,126747],{},[14,126840,126841,31041],{},[18,126842,126747],{},[29,126844,126845,126848],{},[32,126846,126847],{},"A single string",[32,126849,126850],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126852,126853],{},"Single suffix:",[54,126855,126857],{"className":56,"code":126856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126858,126859,126872],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126870],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126862,8194],{"class":69},[63,126864,74],{"class":73},[63,126866,824],{"class":116},[63,126868,126869],{"class":120},"image.png",[63,126871,3694],{"class":116},[63,126873,126874,126876,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126891,126893],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126875,140],{"class":139},[63,126877,113],{"class":81},[63,126879,816],{"class":145},[63,126881,259],{"class":81},[63,126883,126558],{"class":145},[63,126885,113],{"class":81},[63,126887,117],{"class":116},[63,126889,126890],{"class":120},".png",[63,126892,117],{"class":116},[63,126894,100],{"class":81},[14,126896,163],{},[54,126898,126899],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,126900,126901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126902,126903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126904,4313],{"class":1205},[14,126906,126907],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[54,126909,126911],{"className":56,"code":126910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126912,126913,126925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126914,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126916,8194],{"class":69},[63,126918,74],{"class":73},[63,126920,824],{"class":116},[63,126922,126869],{"class":120},[63,126924,3694],{"class":116},[63,126926,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126961,126963],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,126928,140],{"class":139},[63,126930,113],{"class":81},[63,126932,816],{"class":145},[63,126934,259],{"class":81},[63,126936,126558],{"class":145},[63,126938,82],{"class":81},[63,126940,117],{"class":116},[63,126942,126943],{"class":120},".jpg",[63,126945,117],{"class":116},[63,126947,89],{"class":81},[63,126949,824],{"class":116},[63,126951,126890],{"class":120},[63,126953,117],{"class":116},[63,126955,89],{"class":81},[63,126957,824],{"class":116},[63,126959,126960],{"class":120},".gif",[63,126962,117],{"class":116},[63,126964,1965],{"class":81},[14,126966,163],{},[54,126968,126969],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,126970,126971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126972,126973],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126974,4313],{"class":1205},[486,126976,126977],{"id":36367},[18,126978,36367],{},[14,126980,126981,126983],{},[18,126982,36367],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[54,126985,126987],{"className":56,"code":126986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126988,126989,127002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,126990,126991,126993,126995,126997,127000],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,126992,34981],{"class":69},[63,126994,74],{"class":73},[63,126996,824],{"class":116},[63,126998,126999],{"class":120},"my_report.csv",[63,127001,3694],{"class":116},[63,127003,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127005,140],{"class":139},[63,127007,113],{"class":81},[63,127009,35002],{"class":145},[63,127011,259],{"class":81},[63,127013,126558],{"class":145},[63,127015,113],{"class":81},[63,127017,117],{"class":116},[63,127019,126565],{"class":120},[63,127021,117],{"class":116},[63,127023,89],{"class":81},[63,127025,97],{"class":85},[63,127027,100],{"class":81},[14,127029,163],{},[54,127031,127032],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127033,127034],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127035,127036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127037,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127039,127040,127041,127043,127044,259],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,127042,1248],{}," onward, which is ",[18,127045,127046],{},"\"report.csv\"",[486,127048,127049],{"id":52951},[18,127050,52951],{},[14,127052,127053,127055],{},[18,127054,52951],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[54,127057,127059],{"className":56,"code":127058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,127060,127061,127074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127062,127063,127065,127067,127069,127072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127064,34981],{"class":69},[63,127066,74],{"class":73},[63,127068,824],{"class":116},[63,127070,127071],{"class":120},"report.csv backup",[63,127073,3694],{"class":116},[63,127075,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127077,140],{"class":139},[63,127079,113],{"class":81},[63,127081,35002],{"class":145},[63,127083,259],{"class":81},[63,127085,126558],{"class":145},[63,127087,113],{"class":81},[63,127089,117],{"class":116},[63,127091,126565],{"class":120},[63,127093,117],{"class":116},[63,127095,89],{"class":81},[63,127097,4169],{"class":85},[63,127099,89],{"class":81},[63,127101,6324],{"class":85},[63,127103,100],{"class":81},[14,127105,163],{},[54,127107,127108],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127109,127110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127111,127112],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127113,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127115,127116,127117,127119],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,127118,127046],{}," and ignores the rest.",[49,127121,17715],{"id":17714},[14,127123,127124,25799],{},[18,127125,126510],{},[29,127127,127128,127133],{},[32,127129,127130,127132],{},[18,127131,3941],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[32,127134,127135,127137],{},[18,127136,4010],{}," if it does not",[14,127139,127140,127141,7493],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,127142,7318],{},[54,127144,127146],{"className":56,"code":127145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,127147,127148,127161,127165,127186,127201,127207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127149,127150,127152,127154,127156,127159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127151,126535],{"class":69},[63,127153,74],{"class":73},[63,127155,824],{"class":116},[63,127157,127158],{"class":120},"data.csv",[63,127160,3694],{"class":116},[63,127162,127163],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127164,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,127166,127167,127169,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,127168,7318],{"class":1155},[63,127170,127171],{"class":69}," filename",[63,127173,259],{"class":81},[63,127175,126558],{"class":145},[63,127177,113],{"class":81},[63,127179,117],{"class":116},[63,127181,126565],{"class":120},[63,127183,117],{"class":116},[63,127185,8657],{"class":81},[63,127187,127188,127190,127192,127194,127197,127199],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,127189,8386],{"class":139},[63,127191,113],{"class":81},[63,127193,117],{"class":116},[63,127195,127196],{"class":120},"This is a CSV file.",[63,127198,117],{"class":116},[63,127200,126],{"class":81},[63,127202,127203,127205],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,127204,27724],{"class":1155},[63,127206,6713],{"class":81},[63,127208,127209,127211,127213,127215,127218,127220],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,127210,8386],{"class":139},[63,127212,113],{"class":81},[63,127214,117],{"class":116},[63,127216,127217],{"class":120},"This is not a CSV file.",[63,127219,117],{"class":116},[63,127221,126],{"class":81},[14,127223,163],{},[54,127225,127227],{"className":56,"code":127226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,127228,127229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127240,127242],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127232,50171],{"class":69},[63,127234,1156],{"class":73},[63,127236,44836],{"class":69},[63,127238,127239],{"class":34746},"CSV",[63,127241,86733],{"class":86732},[63,127243,122484],{"class":81},[49,127245,127247],{"id":127246},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[486,127249,127251],{"id":127250},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[54,127253,127255],{"className":56,"code":127254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127256,127257,127270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127258,127259,127261,127263,127265,127268],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127260,126535],{"class":69},[63,127262,74],{"class":73},[63,127264,824],{"class":116},[63,127266,127267],{"class":120},"sales.csv",[63,127269,3694],{"class":116},[63,127271,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127273,140],{"class":139},[63,127275,113],{"class":81},[63,127277,126553],{"class":145},[63,127279,259],{"class":81},[63,127281,126558],{"class":145},[63,127283,113],{"class":81},[63,127285,117],{"class":116},[63,127287,126565],{"class":120},[63,127289,117],{"class":116},[63,127291,100],{"class":81},[14,127293,163],{},[54,127295,127296],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127297,127298],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127299,127300],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127301,4313],{"class":1205},[486,127303,127305],{"id":127304},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[54,127307,127309],{"className":56,"code":127308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,127310,127311,127325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127312,127313,127316,127318,127320,127323],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127314,127315],{"class":69},"url ",[63,127317,74],{"class":73},[63,127319,824],{"class":116},[63,127321,127322],{"class":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[63,127324,3694],{"class":116},[63,127326,127327,127329,127331,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127345,127347],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127328,140],{"class":139},[63,127330,113],{"class":81},[63,127332,127333],{"class":145},"url",[63,127335,259],{"class":81},[63,127337,126558],{"class":145},[63,127339,113],{"class":81},[63,127341,117],{"class":116},[63,127343,127344],{"class":120},"\u002F",[63,127346,117],{"class":116},[63,127348,100],{"class":81},[14,127350,163],{},[54,127352,127353],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127354,127355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127356,127357],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127358,4313],{"class":1205},[486,127360,127362],{"id":127361},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[54,127364,127366],{"className":56,"code":127365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,127367,127368,127381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127369,127370,127372,127374,127376,127379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127371,90104],{"class":69},[63,127373,74],{"class":73},[63,127375,824],{"class":116},[63,127377,127378],{"class":120},"Hello!",[63,127380,3694],{"class":116},[63,127382,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127384,140],{"class":139},[63,127386,113],{"class":81},[63,127388,90121],{"class":145},[63,127390,259],{"class":81},[63,127392,126558],{"class":145},[63,127394,113],{"class":81},[63,127396,117],{"class":116},[63,127398,89945],{"class":120},[63,127400,117],{"class":116},[63,127402,100],{"class":81},[14,127404,163],{},[54,127406,127407],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127408,127409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127410,127411],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127412,4313],{"class":1205},[486,127414,127416],{"id":127415},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[54,127418,127420],{"className":56,"code":127419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127421,127422,127435],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127423,127424,127426,127428,127430,127433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127425,126535],{"class":69},[63,127427,74],{"class":73},[63,127429,824],{"class":116},[63,127431,127432],{"class":120},"photo.jpg",[63,127434,3694],{"class":116},[63,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127438,140],{"class":139},[63,127440,113],{"class":81},[63,127442,126553],{"class":145},[63,127444,259],{"class":81},[63,127446,126558],{"class":145},[63,127448,82],{"class":81},[63,127450,117],{"class":116},[63,127452,126943],{"class":120},[63,127454,117],{"class":116},[63,127456,89],{"class":81},[63,127458,824],{"class":116},[63,127460,126890],{"class":120},[63,127462,117],{"class":116},[63,127464,89],{"class":81},[63,127466,824],{"class":116},[63,127468,126960],{"class":120},[63,127470,117],{"class":116},[63,127472,1965],{"class":81},[14,127474,163],{},[54,127476,127477],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127478,127479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127480,127481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127482,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127484,127485,127486,259],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[196,127487,127488],{"href":123707},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[49,127490,124099],{"id":124098},[14,127492,127493,123910],{},[18,127494,126510],{},[14,127496,127497,127498,4726,127501,127504],{},"That means ",[18,127499,127500],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,127502,127503],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[54,127506,127508],{"className":56,"code":127507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,127509,127510,127523,127527,127549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127511,127512,127514,127516,127518,127521],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127513,126535],{"class":69},[63,127515,74],{"class":73},[63,127517,824],{"class":116},[63,127519,127520],{"class":120},"REPORT.CSV",[63,127522,3694],{"class":116},[63,127524,127525],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127526,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,127528,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,127530,140],{"class":139},[63,127532,113],{"class":81},[63,127534,126553],{"class":145},[63,127536,259],{"class":81},[63,127538,126558],{"class":145},[63,127540,113],{"class":81},[63,127542,117],{"class":116},[63,127544,126565],{"class":120},[63,127546,117],{"class":116},[63,127548,100],{"class":81},[63,127550,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127568,127570],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,127552,140],{"class":139},[63,127554,113],{"class":81},[63,127556,126553],{"class":145},[63,127558,259],{"class":81},[63,127560,126558],{"class":145},[63,127562,113],{"class":81},[63,127564,117],{"class":116},[63,127566,127567],{"class":120},".CSV",[63,127569,117],{"class":116},[63,127571,100],{"class":81},[14,127573,163],{},[54,127575,127577],{"className":56,"code":127576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127578,127579,127583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127580,127581],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127582,1206],{"class":1205},[63,127584,127585],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127586,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127588,127589,127590,259],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[196,127591,127592],{"href":124179},[18,127593,124182],{},[54,127595,127597],{"className":56,"code":127596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127598,127599,127611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127600,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127602,126535],{"class":69},[63,127604,74],{"class":73},[63,127606,824],{"class":116},[63,127608,127520],{"class":120},[63,127610,3694],{"class":116},[63,127612,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127614,140],{"class":139},[63,127616,113],{"class":81},[63,127618,126553],{"class":145},[63,127620,259],{"class":81},[63,127622,8957],{"class":145},[63,127624,8954],{"class":81},[63,127626,126558],{"class":145},[63,127628,113],{"class":81},[63,127630,117],{"class":116},[63,127632,126565],{"class":120},[63,127634,117],{"class":116},[63,127636,100],{"class":81},[14,127638,163],{},[54,127640,127641],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127642,127643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127644,127645],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127646,4313],{"class":1205},[49,127648,127650],{"id":127649},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127652,127653],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[54,127655,127657],{"className":56,"code":127656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127658,127659,127672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127660,127661,127663,127665,127667,127670],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127662,126535],{"class":69},[63,127664,74],{"class":73},[63,127666,824],{"class":116},[63,127668,127669],{"class":120},"picture.gif",[63,127671,3694],{"class":116},[63,127673,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127675,140],{"class":139},[63,127677,113],{"class":81},[63,127679,126553],{"class":145},[63,127681,259],{"class":81},[63,127683,126558],{"class":145},[63,127685,82],{"class":81},[63,127687,117],{"class":116},[63,127689,126943],{"class":120},[63,127691,117],{"class":116},[63,127693,89],{"class":81},[63,127695,824],{"class":116},[63,127697,126890],{"class":120},[63,127699,117],{"class":116},[63,127701,89],{"class":81},[63,127703,824],{"class":116},[63,127705,126960],{"class":120},[63,127707,117],{"class":116},[63,127709,1965],{"class":81},[14,127711,163],{},[54,127713,127714],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127715,127716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127717,127718],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127719,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127721,127722],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127724,52372],{},[54,127726,127728],{"className":56,"code":127727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127729,127730,127743,127778,127782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127731,127732,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127733,127734],{"class":69},"document ",[63,127736,74],{"class":73},[63,127738,824],{"class":116},[63,127740,86992],{"class":120},[63,127742,3694],{"class":116},[63,127744,127745,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127765,127767,127769,127771,127774,127776],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127746,127747],{"class":69},"allowed ",[63,127749,74],{"class":73},[63,127751,1687],{"class":81},[63,127753,117],{"class":116},[63,127755,126588],{"class":120},[63,127757,117],{"class":116},[63,127759,89],{"class":81},[63,127761,824],{"class":116},[63,127763,127764],{"class":120},".md",[63,127766,117],{"class":116},[63,127768,89],{"class":81},[63,127770,824],{"class":116},[63,127772,127773],{"class":120},".docx",[63,127775,117],{"class":116},[63,127777,126],{"class":81},[63,127779,127780],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,127781,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,127783,127784,127786,127788,127791,127793,127795,127797,127800],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,127785,140],{"class":139},[63,127787,113],{"class":81},[63,127789,127790],{"class":145},"document",[63,127792,259],{"class":81},[63,127794,126558],{"class":145},[63,127796,113],{"class":81},[63,127798,127799],{"class":145},"allowed",[63,127801,100],{"class":81},[14,127803,163],{},[54,127805,127806],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127807,127808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127809,127810],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127811,4313],{"class":1205},[14,127813,127814,127815,259],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[196,127816,126452,127818,11046],{"href":127817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127819,127820],{},"startswith()",[49,127822,3167],{"id":3166},[14,127824,8763,127825,259],{},[18,127826,126510],{},[486,127828,127830],{"id":127829},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127832,1900],{},[54,127834,127836],{"className":56,"code":127835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127837,127838,127850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127839,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127841,126535],{"class":69},[63,127843,74],{"class":73},[63,127845,824],{"class":116},[63,127847,127432],{"class":120},[63,127849,3694],{"class":116},[63,127851,127852],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127853,127854],{"class":1910},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127856,127857],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[54,127859,127861],{"className":56,"code":127860,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127862,127863,127875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127864,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127866,126535],{"class":69},[63,127868,74],{"class":73},[63,127870,824],{"class":116},[63,127872,127432],{"class":120},[63,127874,3694],{"class":116},[63,127876,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127878,140],{"class":139},[63,127880,113],{"class":81},[63,127882,126553],{"class":145},[63,127884,259],{"class":81},[63,127886,126558],{"class":145},[63,127888,82],{"class":81},[63,127890,117],{"class":116},[63,127892,126943],{"class":120},[63,127894,117],{"class":116},[63,127896,89],{"class":81},[63,127898,824],{"class":116},[63,127900,126890],{"class":120},[63,127902,117],{"class":116},[63,127904,1965],{"class":81},[486,127906,127908],{"id":127907},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[54,127910,127912],{"className":56,"code":127911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127913,127914,127926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127915,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127917,126535],{"class":69},[63,127919,74],{"class":73},[63,127921,824],{"class":116},[63,127923,127520],{"class":120},[63,127925,3694],{"class":116},[63,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127929,140],{"class":139},[63,127931,113],{"class":81},[63,127933,126553],{"class":145},[63,127935,259],{"class":81},[63,127937,126558],{"class":145},[63,127939,113],{"class":81},[63,127941,117],{"class":116},[63,127943,126565],{"class":120},[63,127945,117],{"class":116},[63,127947,100],{"class":81},[14,127949,163],{},[54,127951,127952],{"className":56,"code":1206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127953,127954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127955,127956],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127957,1206],{"class":1205},[14,127959,39551],{},[54,127961,127962],{"className":56,"code":127596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,127963,127964,127976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,127965,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,127967,126535],{"class":69},[63,127969,74],{"class":73},[63,127971,824],{"class":116},[63,127973,127520],{"class":120},[63,127975,3694],{"class":116},[63,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,127979,140],{"class":139},[63,127981,113],{"class":81},[63,127983,126553],{"class":145},[63,127985,259],{"class":81},[63,127987,8957],{"class":145},[63,127989,8954],{"class":81},[63,127991,126558],{"class":145},[63,127993,113],{"class":81},[63,127995,117],{"class":116},[63,127997,126565],{"class":120},[63,127999,117],{"class":116},[63,128001,100],{"class":81},[486,128003,37494,128005,9021,128007],{"id":128004},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,128006,126510],{},[18,128008,4217],{},[14,128010,128011,128013],{},[18,128012,126510],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[54,128015,128017],{"className":56,"code":128016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,128018,128019,128032,128036,128058],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128020,128021,128023,128025,128027,128030],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128022,34981],{"class":69},[63,128024,74],{"class":73},[63,128026,824],{"class":116},[63,128028,128029],{"class":120},"my_report.csv.backup",[63,128031,3694],{"class":116},[63,128033,128034],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128035,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,128037,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128039,140],{"class":139},[63,128041,113],{"class":81},[63,128043,35002],{"class":145},[63,128045,259],{"class":81},[63,128047,126558],{"class":145},[63,128049,113],{"class":81},[63,128051,117],{"class":116},[63,128053,126565],{"class":120},[63,128055,117],{"class":116},[63,128057,100],{"class":81},[63,128059,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128061,140],{"class":139},[63,128063,113],{"class":81},[63,128065,117],{"class":116},[63,128067,126565],{"class":120},[63,128069,117],{"class":116},[63,128071,21468],{"class":1155},[63,128073,43132],{"class":145},[63,128075,126],{"class":81},[14,128077,163],{},[54,128079,128080],{"className":56,"code":127576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,128081,128082,128086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128083,128084],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128085,1206],{"class":1205},[63,128087,128088],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128089,4313],{"class":1205},[486,128091,8769,128093,128095],{"id":128092},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,128094,126510],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128097,128098,128100],{},[18,128099,126510],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[54,128102,128104],{"className":56,"code":128103,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,128105,128106,128118,128140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128107,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128109,126535],{"class":69},[63,128111,74],{"class":73},[63,128113,824],{"class":116},[63,128115,126542],{"class":120},[63,128117,3694],{"class":116},[63,128119,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128121,140],{"class":139},[63,128123,113],{"class":81},[63,128125,126553],{"class":145},[63,128127,259],{"class":81},[63,128129,126558],{"class":145},[63,128131,113],{"class":81},[63,128133,117],{"class":116},[63,128135,126565],{"class":120},[63,128137,117],{"class":116},[63,128139,100],{"class":81},[63,128141,128142,128144,128146,128148],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128143,140],{"class":139},[63,128145,113],{"class":81},[63,128147,126553],{"class":145},[63,128149,126],{"class":81},[14,128151,163],{},[54,128153,128155],{"className":56,"code":128154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,128156,128157,128161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128158,128159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128160,4313],{"class":1205},[63,128162,128163,128166,128168],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128164,128165],{"class":69},"report",[63,128167,259],{"class":81},[63,128169,128170],{"class":25042},"csv\n",[14,128172,128173,128174,259],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[196,128175,128176],{"href":124620},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128178,66160],{},[29,128180,128181,128184,128187,128190],{},[32,128182,128183],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[32,128185,128186],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[32,128188,128189],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[32,128191,8733,128192,44921,128194,1725,128196,111649],{},[18,128193,126510],{},[18,128195,124623],{},[18,128197,41943],{},[14,128199,30427],{},[54,128201,128203],{"className":56,"code":128202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,128204,128205,128215,128229,128251,128277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128206,128207,128209,128211,128213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128208,140],{"class":139},[63,128210,113],{"class":81},[63,128212,35002],{"class":145},[63,128214,126],{"class":81},[63,128216,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128218,140],{"class":139},[63,128220,113],{"class":81},[63,128222,42069],{"class":139},[63,128224,113],{"class":81},[63,128226,35002],{"class":145},[63,128228,100],{"class":81},[63,128230,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128232,140],{"class":139},[63,128234,113],{"class":81},[63,128236,35002],{"class":145},[63,128238,259],{"class":81},[63,128240,126558],{"class":145},[63,128242,113],{"class":81},[63,128244,193],{"class":116},[63,128246,126565],{"class":120},[63,128248,193],{"class":116},[63,128250,100],{"class":81},[63,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128254,140],{"class":139},[63,128256,113],{"class":81},[63,128258,35002],{"class":145},[63,128260,259],{"class":81},[63,128262,8957],{"class":145},[63,128264,8954],{"class":81},[63,128266,126558],{"class":145},[63,128268,113],{"class":81},[63,128270,193],{"class":116},[63,128272,126565],{"class":120},[63,128274,193],{"class":116},[63,128276,100],{"class":81},[63,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,128280,140],{"class":139},[63,128282,113],{"class":81},[63,128284,3557],{"class":77},[63,128286,113],{"class":81},[63,128288,35002],{"class":145},[63,128290,100],{"class":81},[49,128292,2165],{"id":2164},[486,128294,13011,128296,128298],{"id":128295},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,128297,126510],{}," change the string?",[14,128300,128301,128302,1725,128304,259],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,128303,3941],{},[18,128305,4010],{},[486,128307,5497,128309,128311],{"id":128308},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,128310,126510],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128313,128314,128315,259],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,128316,128317],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[486,128319,15199,128321,124788],{"id":128320},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,128322,126510],{},[14,128324,128325,128326,1725,128328,128331],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,128327,124182],{},[18,128329,128330],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[486,128333,2169,128335,4726,128337,2827],{"id":128334},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,128336,126510],{},[18,128338,124447],{},[14,128340,128341,128343,128344,128346],{},[18,128342,126510],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,128345,124447],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[49,128348,2219],{"id":2218},[29,128350,128351,128357,128363,128367,128371],{},[32,128352,128353],{},[196,128354,126452,128355,11046],{"href":127817},[18,128356,127820],{},[32,128358,128359],{},[196,128360,126452,128361,11046],{"href":124179},[18,128362,124182],{},[32,128364,128365],{},[196,128366,124851],{"href":123707},[32,128368,128369],{},[196,128370,124858],{"href":124620},[32,128372,128373],{},[196,128374,125207],{"href":51268},[2259,128376,128377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":128379},[128380,128381,128383,128384,128389,128390,128396,128397,128398,128406,128416],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":126618,"depth":103,"text":128382},"What endswith() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":126833,"depth":103,"text":126834,"children":128385},[128386,128387,128388],{"id":126747,"depth":129,"text":126747},{"id":36367,"depth":129,"text":36367},{"id":52951,"depth":129,"text":52951},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":127246,"depth":103,"text":127247,"children":128391},[128392,128393,128394,128395],{"id":127250,"depth":129,"text":127251},{"id":127304,"depth":129,"text":127305},{"id":127361,"depth":129,"text":127362},{"id":127415,"depth":129,"text":127416},{"id":124098,"depth":103,"text":124099},{"id":127649,"depth":103,"text":127650},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":128399},[128400,128401,128402,128404],{"id":127829,"depth":129,"text":127830},{"id":127907,"depth":129,"text":127908},{"id":128004,"depth":129,"text":128403},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128092,"depth":129,"text":128405},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":128407},[128408,128410,128412,128414],{"id":128295,"depth":129,"text":128409},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128308,"depth":129,"text":128411},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128320,"depth":129,"text":128413},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128334,"depth":129,"text":128415},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126502,"description":128417},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128424,"title":128425,"body":128426,"description":130094,"extension":2300,"meta":130095,"navigation":132,"path":130096,"seo":130097,"stem":130098,"__hash__":130099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128427,"toc":130067},[128428,128433,128438,128443,128448,128541,128551,128556,128561,128576,128578,128660,128668,128670,128672,128699,128701,128717,128724,128726,128834,128836,128841,128857,128859,128954,128962,128965,128971,128976,128981,128988,129127,129130,129143,129145,129149,129156,129226,129229,129278,129285,129292,129306,129311,129316,129362,129408,129424,129426,129431,129445,129448,129570,129575,129577,129582,129615,129618,129694,129696,129705,129719,129722,129806,129809,129920,129923,129951,129953,129960,129964,129970,129973,129979,129982,129989,130000,130006,130013,130015,130064],[10,128429,123452,128431,11629],{"id":128430},"python-string-find-method",[18,128432,124447],{},[14,128434,123457,128435,128437],{},[18,128436,124447],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128439,128440,128441,259],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,128442,65951],{},[14,128444,222,128445,128447],{},[18,128446,124447],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[54,128449,128451],{"className":56,"code":128450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,128452,128453,128465,128488,128501,128505,128528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128454,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128456,34981],{"class":69},[63,128458,74],{"class":73},[63,128460,824],{"class":116},[63,128462,60683],{"class":120},[63,128464,3694],{"class":116},[63,128466,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128468,65016],{"class":69},[63,128470,74],{"class":73},[63,128472,43132],{"class":69},[63,128474,259],{"class":81},[63,128476,128477],{"class":145},"find",[63,128479,113],{"class":81},[63,128481,117],{"class":116},[63,128483,60864],{"class":120},[63,128485,117],{"class":116},[63,128487,126],{"class":81},[63,128489,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128491,140],{"class":139},[63,128493,113],{"class":81},[63,128495,65043],{"class":145},[63,128497,3997],{"class":81},[63,128499,128500],{"class":1910},"   # 6\n",[63,128502,128503],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128504,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,128506,128507,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,128508,128509],{"class":69},"missing ",[63,128511,74],{"class":73},[63,128513,43132],{"class":69},[63,128515,259],{"class":81},[63,128517,128477],{"class":145},[63,128519,113],{"class":81},[63,128521,117],{"class":116},[63,128523,58],{"class":120},[63,128525,117],{"class":116},[63,128527,126],{"class":81},[63,128529,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,128531,140],{"class":139},[63,128533,113],{"class":81},[63,128535,27063],{"class":145},[63,128537,3997],{"class":81},[63,128539,128540],{"class":1910},"    # -1\n",[43871,128542,128543],{},[14,128544,222,128545,128547,128548,128550],{},[18,128546,124447],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,128549,65951],{}," if the substring is not found.",[49,128552,4014,128554,4017],{"id":128553},"what-find-does",[18,128555,124447],{},[14,128557,128558,128560],{},[18,128559,124447],{}," is a string method that:",[29,128562,128563,128566,128569,128574],{},[32,128564,128565],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[32,128567,128568],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[32,128570,11731,128571,128573],{},[18,128572,65951],{}," if no match is found",[32,128575,126638],{},[14,128577,2543],{},[54,128579,128581],{"className":56,"code":128580,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128582,128583,128595,128599,128623,128647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128584,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128586,34981],{"class":69},[63,128588,74],{"class":73},[63,128590,824],{"class":116},[63,128592,427],{"class":120},[63,128594,3694],{"class":116},[63,128596,128597],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128598,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,128600,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128602,140],{"class":139},[63,128604,113],{"class":81},[63,128606,35002],{"class":145},[63,128608,259],{"class":81},[63,128610,128477],{"class":145},[63,128612,113],{"class":81},[63,128614,117],{"class":116},[63,128616,123545],{"class":120},[63,128618,117],{"class":116},[63,128620,5683],{"class":81},[63,128622,57926],{"class":1910},[63,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128626,140],{"class":139},[63,128628,113],{"class":81},[63,128630,35002],{"class":145},[63,128632,259],{"class":81},[63,128634,128477],{"class":145},[63,128636,113],{"class":81},[63,128638,117],{"class":116},[63,128640,2509],{"class":120},[63,128642,117],{"class":116},[63,128644,5683],{"class":81},[63,128646,128540],{"class":1910},[63,128648,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,128650,140],{"class":139},[63,128652,113],{"class":81},[63,128654,35002],{"class":145},[63,128656,3997],{"class":81},[63,128658,128659],{"class":1910},"              # banana\n",[14,128661,21065,128662,128665,128666,259],{},[18,128663,128664],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128667,2394],{},[49,128669,263],{"id":262},[14,128671,2495],{},[54,128673,128675],{"className":56,"code":128674,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128676,128677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128678,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128680,61446],{"class":69},[63,128682,259],{"class":81},[63,128684,128477],{"class":145},[63,128686,113],{"class":81},[63,128688,2807],{"class":145},[63,128690,89],{"class":81},[63,128692,36346],{"class":145},[63,128694,89],{"class":81},[63,128696,65137],{"class":145},[63,128698,126],{"class":81},[486,128700,17691],{"id":17690},[29,128702,128703,128707,128712],{},[32,128704,128705,123644],{},[18,128706,2807],{},[32,128708,128709,128711],{},[18,128710,36367],{},": optional starting position",[32,128713,128714,128716],{},[18,128715,52951],{},": optional ending position",[14,128718,128719,4726,128721,128723],{},[18,128720,36367],{},[18,128722,52951],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128725,126781],{},[54,128727,128729],{"className":56,"code":128728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128730,128731,128743,128747,128772,128801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128732,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128734,34981],{"class":69},[63,128736,74],{"class":73},[63,128738,824],{"class":116},[63,128740,60683],{"class":120},[63,128742,3694],{"class":116},[63,128744,128745],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128746,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,128748,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128750,140],{"class":139},[63,128752,113],{"class":81},[63,128754,35002],{"class":145},[63,128756,259],{"class":81},[63,128758,128477],{"class":145},[63,128760,113],{"class":81},[63,128762,117],{"class":116},[63,128764,2049],{"class":120},[63,128766,117],{"class":116},[63,128768,5683],{"class":81},[63,128770,128771],{"class":1910},"        # 4\n",[63,128773,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128775,140],{"class":139},[63,128777,113],{"class":81},[63,128779,35002],{"class":145},[63,128781,259],{"class":81},[63,128783,128477],{"class":145},[63,128785,113],{"class":81},[63,128787,117],{"class":116},[63,128789,2049],{"class":120},[63,128791,117],{"class":116},[63,128793,89],{"class":81},[63,128795,4935],{"class":85},[63,128797,5683],{"class":81},[63,128799,128800],{"class":1910},"     # 7\n",[63,128802,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,128804,140],{"class":139},[63,128806,113],{"class":81},[63,128808,35002],{"class":145},[63,128810,259],{"class":81},[63,128812,128477],{"class":145},[63,128814,113],{"class":81},[63,128816,117],{"class":116},[63,128818,2049],{"class":120},[63,128820,117],{"class":116},[63,128822,89],{"class":81},[63,128824,4935],{"class":85},[63,128826,89],{"class":81},[63,128828,6313],{"class":85},[63,128830,5683],{"class":81},[63,128832,128833],{"class":1910},"  # -1\n",[49,128835,38311],{"id":38310},[14,128837,57825,128838,128840],{},[18,128839,124447],{}," is always an integer.",[29,128842,128843,128849,128852],{},[32,128844,128845,128846,128848],{},"A number ",[18,128847,687],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[32,128850,128851],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[32,128853,128854,128856],{},[18,128855,65951],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128858,2543],{},[54,128860,128862],{"className":56,"code":128861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128863,128864,128876,128880,128905,128930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128865,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128867,34981],{"class":69},[63,128869,74],{"class":73},[63,128871,824],{"class":116},[63,128873,58],{"class":120},[63,128875,3694],{"class":116},[63,128877,128878],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,128879,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128899,128901,128903],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,128883,140],{"class":139},[63,128885,113],{"class":81},[63,128887,35002],{"class":145},[63,128889,259],{"class":81},[63,128891,128477],{"class":145},[63,128893,113],{"class":81},[63,128895,117],{"class":116},[63,128897,128898],{"class":120},"py",[63,128900,117],{"class":116},[63,128902,5683],{"class":81},[63,128904,21062],{"class":1910},[63,128906,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128924,128926,128928],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,128908,140],{"class":139},[63,128910,113],{"class":81},[63,128912,35002],{"class":145},[63,128914,259],{"class":81},[63,128916,128477],{"class":145},[63,128918,113],{"class":81},[63,128920,117],{"class":116},[63,128922,128923],{"class":120},"th",[63,128925,117],{"class":116},[63,128927,5683],{"class":81},[63,128929,57926],{"class":1910},[63,128931,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,128933,140],{"class":139},[63,128935,113],{"class":81},[63,128937,35002],{"class":145},[63,128939,259],{"class":81},[63,128941,128477],{"class":145},[63,128943,113],{"class":81},[63,128945,117],{"class":116},[63,128947,22371],{"class":120},[63,128949,117],{"class":116},[63,128951,5683],{"class":81},[63,128953,128540],{"class":1910},[14,128955,90007,128956,8772,128958,1725,128960,259],{},[18,128957,124447],{},[18,128959,3941],{},[18,128961,4010],{},[14,128963,128964],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[49,128966,8733,128967,4726,128969],{"id":65503},[18,128968,36367],{},[18,128970,52951],{},[14,128972,222,128973,128975],{},[18,128974,36367],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128977,222,128978,128980],{},[18,128979,52951],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128982,2317,128983,75559,128985,128987],{},[18,128984,52951],{},[1217,128986,65166],{}," in the search.",[54,128989,128991],{"className":56,"code":128990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128992,128993,129006,129010,129034,129063,129095],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,128994,128995,128997,128999,129001,129004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,128996,34981],{"class":69},[63,128998,74],{"class":73},[63,129000,824],{"class":116},[63,129002,129003],{"class":120},"one two three two",[63,129005,3694],{"class":116},[63,129007,129008],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129009,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129011,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129013,140],{"class":139},[63,129015,113],{"class":81},[63,129017,35002],{"class":145},[63,129019,259],{"class":81},[63,129021,128477],{"class":145},[63,129023,113],{"class":81},[63,129025,117],{"class":116},[63,129027,79368],{"class":120},[63,129029,117],{"class":116},[63,129031,5683],{"class":81},[63,129033,128771],{"class":1910},[63,129035,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129037,140],{"class":139},[63,129039,113],{"class":81},[63,129041,35002],{"class":145},[63,129043,259],{"class":81},[63,129045,128477],{"class":145},[63,129047,113],{"class":81},[63,129049,117],{"class":116},[63,129051,79368],{"class":120},[63,129053,117],{"class":116},[63,129055,89],{"class":81},[63,129057,4935],{"class":85},[63,129059,5683],{"class":81},[63,129061,129062],{"class":1910},"     # 14\n",[63,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,129066,140],{"class":139},[63,129068,113],{"class":81},[63,129070,35002],{"class":145},[63,129072,259],{"class":81},[63,129074,128477],{"class":145},[63,129076,113],{"class":81},[63,129078,117],{"class":116},[63,129080,79368],{"class":120},[63,129082,117],{"class":116},[63,129084,89],{"class":81},[63,129086,4169],{"class":85},[63,129088,89],{"class":81},[63,129090,6313],{"class":85},[63,129092,5683],{"class":81},[63,129094,51228],{"class":1910},[63,129096,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,129098,140],{"class":139},[63,129100,113],{"class":81},[63,129102,35002],{"class":145},[63,129104,259],{"class":81},[63,129106,128477],{"class":145},[63,129108,113],{"class":81},[63,129110,117],{"class":116},[63,129112,79368],{"class":120},[63,129114,117],{"class":116},[63,129116,89],{"class":81},[63,129118,4169],{"class":85},[63,129120,89],{"class":81},[63,129122,705],{"class":85},[63,129124,5683],{"class":81},[63,129126,128833],{"class":1910},[14,129128,129129],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129131,129132,129133,55355,129137,259],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[196,129134,129136],{"href":129135},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[196,129138,129140,129142],{"href":129139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,129141,60804],{}," string method",[49,129144,124099],{"id":124098},[14,129146,129147,123910],{},[18,129148,124447],{},[14,129150,127497,129151,4726,129153,129155],{},[18,129152,90515],{},[18,129154,1972],{}," are treated as different text.",[54,129157,129159],{"className":56,"code":129158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,129160,129161,129174,129178,129202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129164,34981],{"class":69},[63,129166,74],{"class":73},[63,129168,824],{"class":116},[63,129170,129171],{"class":120},"Hello World",[63,129173,3694],{"class":116},[63,129175,129176],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129177,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129179,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129181,140],{"class":139},[63,129183,113],{"class":81},[63,129185,35002],{"class":145},[63,129187,259],{"class":81},[63,129189,128477],{"class":145},[63,129191,113],{"class":81},[63,129193,117],{"class":116},[63,129195,35161],{"class":120},[63,129197,117],{"class":116},[63,129199,5683],{"class":81},[63,129201,51539],{"class":1910},[63,129203,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129205,140],{"class":139},[63,129207,113],{"class":81},[63,129209,35002],{"class":145},[63,129211,259],{"class":81},[63,129213,128477],{"class":145},[63,129215,113],{"class":81},[63,129217,117],{"class":116},[63,129219,1995],{"class":120},[63,129221,117],{"class":116},[63,129223,5683],{"class":81},[63,129225,128833],{"class":1910},[14,129227,129228],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[54,129230,129232],{"className":56,"code":129231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,129233,129234,129246,129250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129235,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129237,34981],{"class":69},[63,129239,74],{"class":73},[63,129241,824],{"class":116},[63,129243,129171],{"class":120},[63,129245,3694],{"class":116},[63,129247,129248],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129249,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129251,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129253,140],{"class":139},[63,129255,113],{"class":81},[63,129257,35002],{"class":145},[63,129259,259],{"class":81},[63,129261,8957],{"class":145},[63,129263,8954],{"class":81},[63,129265,128477],{"class":145},[63,129267,113],{"class":81},[63,129269,117],{"class":116},[63,129271,1995],{"class":120},[63,129273,117],{"class":116},[63,129275,5683],{"class":81},[63,129277,51539],{"class":1910},[49,129279,129281,10891,129283],{"id":129280},"find-vs-index",[18,129282,124447],{},[18,129284,59249],{},[14,129286,129287,4726,129289,129291],{},[18,129288,124447],{},[18,129290,59249],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[29,129293,129294,129300],{},[32,129295,129296,2732,129298],{},[18,129297,124447],{},[18,129299,65951],{},[32,129301,129302,52787,129304],{},[18,129303,59249],{},[18,129305,40994],{},[14,129307,222,129308,129310],{},[18,129309,124447],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129312,222,129313,129315],{},[18,129314,59249],{}," when the value must exist.",[54,129317,129319],{"className":56,"code":129318,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,129320,129321,129333,129337],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129322,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129324,34981],{"class":69},[63,129326,74],{"class":73},[63,129328,824],{"class":116},[63,129330,1995],{"class":120},[63,129332,3694],{"class":116},[63,129334,129335],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129336,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129340,140],{"class":139},[63,129342,113],{"class":81},[63,129344,35002],{"class":145},[63,129346,259],{"class":81},[63,129348,128477],{"class":145},[63,129350,113],{"class":81},[63,129352,117],{"class":116},[63,129354,2509],{"class":120},[63,129356,117],{"class":116},[63,129358,5683],{"class":81},[63,129360,129361],{"class":1910},"   # -1\n",[54,129363,129365],{"className":56,"code":129364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,129366,129367,129379,129383],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129368,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129370,34981],{"class":69},[63,129372,74],{"class":73},[63,129374,824],{"class":116},[63,129376,1995],{"class":120},[63,129378,3694],{"class":116},[63,129380,129381],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129382,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129386,140],{"class":139},[63,129388,113],{"class":81},[63,129390,35002],{"class":145},[63,129392,259],{"class":81},[63,129394,36141],{"class":145},[63,129396,113],{"class":81},[63,129398,117],{"class":116},[63,129400,2509],{"class":120},[63,129402,117],{"class":116},[63,129404,5683],{"class":81},[63,129406,129407],{"class":1910},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129409,129410,129411,129415,129416,129418,129419,259],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[196,129412,129413,129142],{"href":124472},[18,129414,59249],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,129417,59249],{},", read ",[196,129420,25970,129421],{"href":73579},[18,129422,129423],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[49,129425,41336],{"id":41335},[14,129427,35700,129428,129430],{},[18,129429,124447],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[29,129432,129433,129436,129439,129442],{},[32,129434,129435],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[32,129437,129438],{},"Get the position of a word",[32,129440,129441],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[32,129443,129444],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129446,129447],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[54,129449,129451],{"className":56,"code":129450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,129452,129453,129466,129489,129493,129508,129524,129543,129557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129454,129455,129457,129459,129461,129464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129456,34981],{"class":69},[63,129458,74],{"class":73},[63,129460,824],{"class":116},[63,129462,129463],{"class":120},"name:Alice",[63,129465,3694],{"class":116},[63,129467,129468,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129469,129470],{"class":69},"colon_pos ",[63,129472,74],{"class":73},[63,129474,43132],{"class":69},[63,129476,259],{"class":81},[63,129478,128477],{"class":145},[63,129480,113],{"class":81},[63,129482,117],{"class":116},[63,129484,821],{"class":120},[63,129486,117],{"class":116},[63,129488,126],{"class":81},[63,129490,129491],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129492,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129494,129495,129497,129500,129502,129504,129506],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129496,7318],{"class":1155},[63,129498,129499],{"class":69}," colon_pos ",[63,129501,72689],{"class":73},[63,129503,2558],{"class":73},[63,129505,86],{"class":85},[63,129507,6713],{"class":81},[63,129509,129510,129513,129515,129517,129519,129522],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,129511,129512],{"class":69},"    label ",[63,129514,74],{"class":73},[63,129516,43132],{"class":69},[63,129518,75632],{"class":81},[63,129520,129521],{"class":69},"colon_pos",[63,129523,186],{"class":81},[63,129525,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,129527,27691],{"class":69},[63,129529,74],{"class":73},[63,129531,43132],{"class":69},[63,129533,173],{"class":81},[63,129535,129470],{"class":69},[63,129537,2397],{"class":73},[63,129539,692],{"class":85},[63,129541,129542],{"class":81},":]\n",[63,129544,129545,129547,129549,129552,129554],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,129546,8386],{"class":139},[63,129548,113],{"class":81},[63,129550,129551],{"class":145},"label",[63,129553,3997],{"class":81},[63,129555,129556],{"class":1910},"  # name\n",[63,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,129560,8386],{"class":139},[63,129562,113],{"class":81},[63,129564,2807],{"class":145},[63,129566,3997],{"class":81},[63,129568,129569],{"class":1910},"  # Alice\n",[14,129571,129572,129573,259],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[196,129574,127488],{"href":123707},[49,129576,3167],{"id":3166},[14,129578,129579,129580,821],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129581,124447],{},[29,129583,129584,129593,129599,129604,129610],{},[32,129585,8769,129586,8772,129588,1725,129590,129592],{},[18,129587,124447],{},[18,129589,3941],{},[18,129591,4010],{}," instead of an index",[32,129594,129595,129596,129598],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129597,65951],{}," when the substring is missing",[32,129600,8733,129601,129603],{},[18,129602,124447],{}," without handling case differences",[32,129605,37494,129606,9021,129608],{},[18,129607,124447],{},[18,129609,59249],{},[32,129611,4909,129612,129614],{},[18,129613,124447],{}," changes the string",[14,129616,129617],{},"Example of a mistake:",[54,129619,129621],{"className":56,"code":129620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129622,129623,129635,129639,129659,129674,129680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129624,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129626,34981],{"class":69},[63,129628,74],{"class":73},[63,129630,824],{"class":116},[63,129632,1995],{"class":120},[63,129634,3694],{"class":116},[63,129636,129637],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129638,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129640,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129642,7318],{"class":1155},[63,129644,43132],{"class":69},[63,129646,259],{"class":81},[63,129648,128477],{"class":145},[63,129650,113],{"class":81},[63,129652,117],{"class":116},[63,129654,985],{"class":120},[63,129656,117],{"class":116},[63,129658,8657],{"class":81},[63,129660,129661,129663,129665,129667,129670,129672],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129662,8386],{"class":139},[63,129664,113],{"class":81},[63,129666,117],{"class":116},[63,129668,129669],{"class":120},"Found",[63,129671,117],{"class":116},[63,129673,126],{"class":81},[63,129675,129676,129678],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,129677,27724],{"class":1155},[63,129679,6713],{"class":81},[63,129681,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,129683,8386],{"class":139},[63,129685,113],{"class":81},[63,129687,117],{"class":116},[63,129689,26606],{"class":120},[63,129691,117],{"class":116},[63,129693,126],{"class":81},[14,129695,100013],{},[54,129697,129699],{"className":56,"code":129698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Not found\n",[18,129700,129701],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129702,129703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129704,129698],{"class":69},[14,129706,45995,129707,129710,129711,17369,129713,129715,129716,129718],{},[18,129708,129709],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129712,687],{},[18,129714,687],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129717,7318],{}," statement.",[14,129720,129721],{},"A safer version is:",[54,129723,129725],{"className":56,"code":129724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129726,129727,129739,129743,129772,129786,129792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129730,34981],{"class":69},[63,129732,74],{"class":73},[63,129734,824],{"class":116},[63,129736,1995],{"class":120},[63,129738,3694],{"class":116},[63,129740,129741],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129742,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,129744,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129766,129768,129770],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129746,7318],{"class":1155},[63,129748,43132],{"class":69},[63,129750,259],{"class":81},[63,129752,128477],{"class":145},[63,129754,113],{"class":81},[63,129756,117],{"class":116},[63,129758,985],{"class":120},[63,129760,117],{"class":116},[63,129762,3997],{"class":81},[63,129764,129765],{"class":73}," !=",[63,129767,2558],{"class":73},[63,129769,86],{"class":85},[63,129771,6713],{"class":81},[63,129773,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129775,8386],{"class":139},[63,129777,113],{"class":81},[63,129779,117],{"class":116},[63,129781,129669],{"class":120},[63,129783,117],{"class":116},[63,129785,126],{"class":81},[63,129787,129788,129790],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,129789,27724],{"class":1155},[63,129791,6713],{"class":81},[63,129793,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,129795,8386],{"class":139},[63,129797,113],{"class":81},[63,129799,117],{"class":116},[63,129801,26606],{"class":120},[63,129803,117],{"class":116},[63,129805,126],{"class":81},[14,129807,129808],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[54,129810,129812],{"className":56,"code":129811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129813,129814,129836,129850,129876,129890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,129815,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,129817,140],{"class":139},[63,129819,113],{"class":81},[63,129821,35002],{"class":145},[63,129823,259],{"class":81},[63,129825,128477],{"class":145},[63,129827,113],{"class":81},[63,129829,193],{"class":116},[63,129831,38681],{"class":120},[63,129833,193],{"class":116},[63,129835,100],{"class":81},[63,129837,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,129839,140],{"class":139},[63,129841,113],{"class":81},[63,129843,42069],{"class":139},[63,129845,113],{"class":81},[63,129847,35002],{"class":145},[63,129849,100],{"class":81},[63,129851,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,129853,140],{"class":139},[63,129855,113],{"class":81},[63,129857,35002],{"class":145},[63,129859,259],{"class":81},[63,129861,8957],{"class":145},[63,129863,8954],{"class":81},[63,129865,128477],{"class":145},[63,129867,113],{"class":81},[63,129869,193],{"class":116},[63,129871,38681],{"class":120},[63,129873,193],{"class":116},[63,129875,100],{"class":81},[63,129877,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,129879,140],{"class":139},[63,129881,113],{"class":81},[63,129883,11468],{"class":139},[63,129885,113],{"class":81},[63,129887,35002],{"class":145},[63,129889,100],{"class":81},[63,129891,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,129893,140],{"class":139},[63,129895,113],{"class":81},[63,129897,35002],{"class":145},[63,129899,259],{"class":81},[63,129901,128477],{"class":145},[63,129903,113],{"class":81},[63,129905,193],{"class":116},[63,129907,38681],{"class":120},[63,129909,193],{"class":116},[63,129911,89],{"class":81},[63,129913,36346],{"class":145},[63,129915,89],{"class":81},[63,129917,65137],{"class":145},[63,129919,100],{"class":81},[14,129921,129922],{},"These help you check:",[29,129924,129925,129930,129935,129940,129943],{},[32,129926,129927,129928],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129929,124447],{},[32,129931,129932,129933],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129934,122666],{},[32,129936,129937,129938],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129939,124182],{},[32,129941,129942],{},"The string length",[32,129944,129945,129946,4726,129948,129950],{},"Whether your ",[18,129947,36367],{},[18,129949,52951],{}," values are correct",[49,129952,2165],{"id":2164},[486,129954,129956,129957,129959],{"id":129955},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129958,124447],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129961,5475,129962,259],{},[18,129963,65951],{},[486,129965,13011,129967,129969],{"id":129966},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129968,124447],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129971,129972],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[486,129974,129976,129977,124788],{"id":129975},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129978,124447],{},[14,129980,129981],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[486,129983,2169,129985,4726,129987,69752],{"id":129984},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129986,124447],{},[18,129988,59249],{},[14,129990,129991,2732,129993,129995,129996,52787,129998,259],{},[18,129992,124447],{},[18,129994,65951],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129997,59249],{},[18,129999,40994],{},[486,130001,28619,130003,130005],{"id":130002},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,130004,124447],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,130007,130008,130009,4726,130011,66250],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,130010,36367],{},[18,130012,52951],{},[49,130014,2219],{"id":2218},[29,130016,130017,130023,130029,130036,130042,130049,130053,130058],{},[32,130018,130019],{},[196,130020,126452,130021,11046],{"href":124472},[18,130022,59249],{},[32,130024,130025],{},[196,130026,126452,130027,11046],{"href":129139},[18,130028,60804],{},[32,130030,130031],{},[196,130032,126452,130034,11046],{"href":130033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,130035,124623],{},[32,130037,130038],{},[196,130039,126452,130040,11046],{"href":127817},[18,130041,127820],{},[32,130043,130044],{},[196,130045,126452,130047,11046],{"href":130046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,130048,126510],{},[32,130050,130051],{},[196,130052,124851],{"href":123707},[32,130054,130055],{},[196,130056,130057],{"href":129135},"How to split a string in Python",[32,130059,130060],{},[196,130061,26413,130062],{"href":73579},[18,130063,129423],{},[2259,130065,130066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":130068},[130069,130071,130074,130075,130076,130077,130079,130080,130081,130093],{"id":128553,"depth":103,"text":130070},"What find() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":130072},[130073],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311},{"id":65503,"depth":103,"text":66286},{"id":124098,"depth":103,"text":124099},{"id":129280,"depth":103,"text":130078},"find() vs index()",{"id":41335,"depth":103,"text":41336},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":130082},[130083,130085,130087,130089,130091],{"id":129955,"depth":129,"text":130084},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129966,"depth":129,"text":130086},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129975,"depth":129,"text":130088},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129984,"depth":129,"text":130090},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130002,"depth":129,"text":130092},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128425,"description":130094},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130101,"title":130102,"body":130103,"description":132029,"extension":2300,"meta":132030,"navigation":132,"path":132031,"seo":132032,"stem":132033,"__hash__":132034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130104,"toc":131997},[130105,130110,130115,130118,130120,130196,130200,130228,130236,130240,130245,130249,130266,130268,130335,130339,130361,130369,130371,130374,130398,130401,130415,130417,130502,130506,130518,130521,130525,130531,130581,130585,130602,130611,130614,130622,130625,130674,130678,130703,130706,130761,130765,130777,130783,130787,130793,130798,130865,130869,130895,130898,130909,130911,130978,130982,131007,131014,131018,131023,131030,131038,131040,131092,131096,131114,131116,131161,131165,131180,131183,131193,131200,131202,131206,131209,131220,131222,131282,131286,131314,131317,131323,131328,131331,131335,131379,131382,131420,131423,131431,131433,131438,131442,131445,131493,131496,131499,131555,131559,131564,131567,131616,131618,131667,131673,131678,131680,131727,131731,131744,131746,131797,131803,131806,131810,131813,131819,131824,131826,131829,131901,131904,131921,131923,131928,131931,131935,131941,131947,131954,131960,131966,131968,131994],[10,130106,123452,130108,11629],{"id":130107},"python-string-format-method",[18,130109,126455],{},[14,130111,123457,130112,130114],{},[18,130113,126455],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130116,130117],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[49,130119,52],{"id":51},[54,130121,130123],{"className":56,"code":130122,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,130124,130125,130137,130145,130149,130186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130126,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130128,8194],{"class":69},[63,130130,74],{"class":73},[63,130132,824],{"class":116},[63,130134,11817],{"class":120},[63,130136,3694],{"class":116},[63,130138,130139,130141,130143],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130140,21923],{"class":69},[63,130142,74],{"class":73},[63,130144,88896],{"class":85},[63,130146,130147],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,130148,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,130150,130151,130153,130155,130157,130160,130162,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173,130176,130178,130180,130182,130184],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,130152,90104],{"class":69},[63,130154,74],{"class":73},[63,130156,824],{"class":116},[63,130158,130159],{"class":120},"My name is ",[63,130161,4128],{"class":85},[63,130163,130164],{"class":120}," and I am ",[63,130166,4128],{"class":85},[63,130168,122448],{"class":120},[63,130170,117],{"class":116},[63,130172,259],{"class":81},[63,130174,130175],{"class":145},"format",[63,130177,113],{"class":81},[63,130179,816],{"class":145},[63,130181,89],{"class":81},[63,130183,9504],{"class":145},[63,130185,126],{"class":81},[63,130187,130188,130190,130192,130194],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,130189,140],{"class":139},[63,130191,113],{"class":81},[63,130193,90121],{"class":145},[63,130195,126],{"class":81},[14,130197,130198],{},[1217,130199,163],{},[54,130201,130203],{"className":56,"code":130202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,130204,130205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130206,130207,130210,130212,130215,130218,130221,130224,130226],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130208,130209],{"class":69},"My name ",[63,130211,1156],{"class":73},[63,130213,130214],{"class":69}," Maya ",[63,130216,130217],{"class":73},"and",[63,130219,130220],{"class":69}," I am ",[63,130222,130223],{"class":85},"12",[63,130225,122481],{"class":69},[63,130227,122484],{"class":81},[14,130229,222,130230,130232,130233,130235],{},[18,130231,4128],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,130234,126455],{}," in the same order.",[14,130237,125204,130238,259],{},[196,130239,125207],{"href":51268},[49,130241,13301,130243,13304],{"id":130242},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,130244,126455],{},[14,130246,2317,130247,11720],{},[18,130248,126455],{},[29,130250,130251,130254,130260,130263],{},[32,130252,130253],{},"inserts values into a string",[32,130255,130256,130257,130259],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,130258,4128],{}," with given values",[32,130261,130262],{},"returns a new string",[32,130264,130265],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130267,2543],{},[54,130269,130271],{"className":56,"code":130270,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130272,130273,130287,130310,130314,130325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130274,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130276,34981],{"class":69},[63,130278,74],{"class":73},[63,130280,824],{"class":116},[63,130282,45193],{"class":120},[63,130284,4128],{"class":85},[63,130286,3694],{"class":116},[63,130288,130289,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130290,130291],{"class":69},"new_text ",[63,130293,74],{"class":73},[63,130295,43132],{"class":69},[63,130297,259],{"class":81},[63,130299,130175],{"class":145},[63,130301,113],{"class":81},[63,130303,117],{"class":116},[63,130305,7997],{"class":120},[63,130307,117],{"class":116},[63,130309,126],{"class":81},[63,130311,130312],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,130313,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,130315,130316,130318,130320,130323],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,130317,140],{"class":139},[63,130319,113],{"class":81},[63,130321,130322],{"class":145},"new_text",[63,130324,126],{"class":81},[63,130326,130327,130329,130331,130333],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,130328,140],{"class":139},[63,130330,113],{"class":81},[63,130332,35002],{"class":145},[63,130334,126],{"class":81},[14,130336,130337],{},[1217,130338,163],{},[54,130340,130342],{"className":56,"code":130341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,130343,130344,130353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130345,130346,130348,130350],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130347,35161],{"class":69},[63,130349,89],{"class":81},[63,130351,130352],{"class":69}," Sam\n",[63,130354,130355,130357,130359],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130356,35161],{"class":69},[63,130358,89],{"class":81},[63,130360,10145],{"class":81},[14,130362,2621,130363,130365,130366,130368],{},[18,130364,35002],{}," stays the same. ",[18,130367,126455],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[49,130370,263],{"id":262},[14,130372,130373],{},"The general form is:",[54,130375,130377],{"className":56,"code":130376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,130378,130379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130380,130381,130383,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130382,117],{"class":43619},[63,130384,130385],{"class":43623},"text {}",[63,130387,117],{"class":43619},[63,130389,259],{"class":81},[63,130391,130175],{"class":145},[63,130393,113],{"class":81},[63,130395,2807],{"class":145},[63,130397,126],{"class":81},[14,130399,130400],{},"Key idea:",[29,130402,130403,130409,130412],{},[32,130404,130405,130406,130408],{},"each ",[18,130407,4128],{}," is a placeholder",[32,130410,130411],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[32,130413,130414],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130416,2543],{},[54,130418,130420],{"className":56,"code":130419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,130421,130422,130435,130449,130453,130491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130423,130424,130427,130429,130431,130433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130425,130426],{"class":69},"animal ",[63,130428,74],{"class":73},[63,130430,824],{"class":116},[63,130432,580],{"class":120},[63,130434,3694],{"class":116},[63,130436,130437,130440,130442,130444,130447],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130438,130439],{"class":69},"sound ",[63,130441,74],{"class":73},[63,130443,824],{"class":116},[63,130445,130446],{"class":120},"meow",[63,130448,3694],{"class":116},[63,130450,130451],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,130452,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,130454,130455,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130484,130486,130489],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,130456,130457],{"class":69},"sentence ",[63,130459,74],{"class":73},[63,130461,824],{"class":116},[63,130463,2317],{"class":120},[63,130465,4128],{"class":85},[63,130467,130468],{"class":120}," says ",[63,130470,4128],{"class":85},[63,130472,259],{"class":120},[63,130474,117],{"class":116},[63,130476,259],{"class":81},[63,130478,130175],{"class":145},[63,130480,113],{"class":81},[63,130482,130483],{"class":145},"animal",[63,130485,89],{"class":81},[63,130487,130488],{"class":145}," sound",[63,130490,126],{"class":81},[63,130492,130493,130495,130497,130500],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,130494,140],{"class":139},[63,130496,113],{"class":81},[63,130498,130499],{"class":145},"sentence",[63,130501,126],{"class":81},[14,130503,130504],{},[1217,130505,163],{},[54,130507,130509],{"className":56,"code":130508,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,130510,130511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130512,130513,130516],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130514,130515],{"class":69},"The cat says meow",[63,130517,122484],{"class":81},[14,130519,130520],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[49,130522,130524],{"id":130523},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130526,130527,130528,130530],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,130529,4128],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[54,130532,130534],{"className":56,"code":130533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,130535,130536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130537,130538,130540,130542,130544,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130568,130570,130572,130574,130577,130579],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130539,140],{"class":139},[63,130541,113],{"class":81},[63,130543,117],{"class":116},[63,130545,130546],{"class":120},"I like ",[63,130548,4128],{"class":85},[63,130550,4726],{"class":120},[63,130552,4128],{"class":85},[63,130554,259],{"class":120},[63,130556,117],{"class":116},[63,130558,259],{"class":81},[63,130560,130175],{"class":145},[63,130562,113],{"class":81},[63,130564,117],{"class":116},[63,130566,130567],{"class":120},"pizza",[63,130569,117],{"class":116},[63,130571,89],{"class":81},[63,130573,824],{"class":116},[63,130575,130576],{"class":120},"pasta",[63,130578,117],{"class":116},[63,130580,100],{"class":81},[14,130582,130583],{},[1217,130584,163],{},[54,130586,130588],{"className":56,"code":130587,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130589,130590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130591,130592,130595,130597,130600],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130593,130594],{"class":69},"I like pizza ",[63,130596,130217],{"class":73},[63,130598,130599],{"class":69}," pasta",[63,130601,122484],{"class":81},[14,130603,130604,130605,4726,130608,259],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130606,130607],{},"{0}",[18,130609,130610],{},"{1}",[14,130612,130613],{},"This is helpful when:",[29,130615,130616,130619],{},[32,130617,130618],{},"you want to reuse a value",[32,130620,130621],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130623,130624],{},"Example with reused values:",[54,130626,130628],{"className":56,"code":130627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130629,130630,130664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130631,130632,130634,130636,130638,130640,130643,130645,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130633,34981],{"class":69},[63,130635,74],{"class":73},[63,130637,824],{"class":116},[63,130639,130607],{"class":85},[63,130641,130642],{"class":120}," is learning Python. ",[63,130644,130607],{"class":85},[63,130646,130647],{"class":120}," likes coding.",[63,130649,117],{"class":116},[63,130651,259],{"class":81},[63,130653,130175],{"class":145},[63,130655,113],{"class":81},[63,130657,117],{"class":116},[63,130659,20178],{"class":120},[63,130661,117],{"class":116},[63,130663,126],{"class":81},[63,130665,130666,130668,130670,130672],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130667,140],{"class":139},[63,130669,113],{"class":81},[63,130671,35002],{"class":145},[63,130673,126],{"class":81},[14,130675,130676],{},[1217,130677,163],{},[54,130679,130681],{"className":56,"code":130680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130682,130683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130684,130685,130688,130690,130693,130695,130698,130701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130686,130687],{"class":69},"Lina ",[63,130689,1156],{"class":73},[63,130691,130692],{"class":69}," learning Python",[63,130694,259],{"class":81},[63,130696,130697],{"class":25042}," Lina",[63,130699,130700],{"class":69}," likes coding",[63,130702,122484],{"class":81},[14,130704,130705],{},"Example with changed order:",[54,130707,130709],{"className":56,"code":130708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130710,130711,130751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130712,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130714,34981],{"class":69},[63,130716,74],{"class":73},[63,130718,824],{"class":116},[63,130720,130610],{"class":85},[63,130722,83423],{"class":120},[63,130724,130607],{"class":85},[63,130726,259],{"class":120},[63,130728,117],{"class":116},[63,130730,259],{"class":81},[63,130732,130175],{"class":145},[63,130734,113],{"class":81},[63,130736,117],{"class":116},[63,130738,6905],{"class":120},[63,130740,117],{"class":116},[63,130742,89],{"class":81},[63,130744,824],{"class":116},[63,130746,79368],{"class":120},[63,130748,117],{"class":116},[63,130750,126],{"class":81},[63,130752,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130754,140],{"class":139},[63,130756,113],{"class":81},[63,130758,35002],{"class":145},[63,130760,126],{"class":81},[14,130762,130763],{},[1217,130764,163],{},[54,130766,130768],{"className":56,"code":130767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130769,130770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130771,130772,130775],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130773,130774],{"class":69},"two comes after one",[63,130776,122484],{"class":81},[14,130778,130779,130780,130782],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130781,4128],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[49,130784,130786],{"id":130785},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130788,130789,130790,259],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130791,130792],{},"{name}",[14,130794,130795,130796,821],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130797,126455],{},[54,130799,130801],{"className":56,"code":130800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130802,130803,130855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130804,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130818,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130806,34981],{"class":69},[63,130808,74],{"class":73},[63,130810,824],{"class":116},[63,130812,130159],{"class":120},[63,130814,130792],{"class":85},[63,130816,130817],{"class":120}," and I live in ",[63,130819,130820],{"class":85},"{city}",[63,130822,259],{"class":120},[63,130824,117],{"class":116},[63,130826,259],{"class":81},[63,130828,130175],{"class":145},[63,130830,113],{"class":81},[63,130832,816],{"class":9491},[63,130834,74],{"class":73},[63,130836,117],{"class":116},[63,130838,827],{"class":120},[63,130840,117],{"class":116},[63,130842,89],{"class":81},[63,130844,31676],{"class":9491},[63,130846,74],{"class":73},[63,130848,117],{"class":116},[63,130850,16328],{"class":120},[63,130852,117],{"class":116},[63,130854,126],{"class":81},[63,130856,130857,130859,130861,130863],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130858,140],{"class":139},[63,130860,113],{"class":81},[63,130862,35002],{"class":145},[63,130864,126],{"class":81},[14,130866,130867],{},[1217,130868,163],{},[54,130870,130872],{"className":56,"code":130871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130873,130874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130875,130876,130878,130880,130883,130885,130888,130890,130893],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130877,130209],{"class":69},[63,130879,1156],{"class":73},[63,130881,130882],{"class":69}," Ana ",[63,130884,130217],{"class":73},[63,130886,130887],{"class":69}," I live ",[63,130889,4217],{"class":73},[63,130891,130892],{"class":69}," Lima",[63,130894,122484],{"class":81},[14,130896,130897],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[29,130899,130900,130903,130906],{},[32,130901,130902],{},"they make code easier to read",[32,130904,130905],{},"they help when a string has many values",[32,130907,130908],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130910,2543],{},[54,130912,130914],{"className":56,"code":130913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130915,130916,130968],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130917,130918,130921,130923,130925,130928,130931,130934,130937,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130954,130956,130958,130961,130963,130966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130919,130920],{"class":69},"report ",[63,130922,74],{"class":73},[63,130924,824],{"class":116},[63,130926,130927],{"class":120},"Student: ",[63,130929,130930],{"class":85},"{student}",[63,130932,130933],{"class":120},", Score: ",[63,130935,130936],{"class":85},"{score}",[63,130938,117],{"class":116},[63,130940,259],{"class":81},[63,130942,130175],{"class":145},[63,130944,113],{"class":81},[63,130946,1464],{"class":9491},[63,130948,74],{"class":73},[63,130950,117],{"class":116},[63,130952,130953],{"class":120},"Noah",[63,130955,117],{"class":116},[63,130957,89],{"class":81},[63,130959,130960],{"class":9491}," score",[63,130962,74],{"class":73},[63,130964,130965],{"class":85},"95",[63,130967,126],{"class":81},[63,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,130971,140],{"class":139},[63,130973,113],{"class":81},[63,130975,128165],{"class":145},[63,130977,126],{"class":81},[14,130979,130980],{},[1217,130981,163],{},[54,130983,130985],{"className":56,"code":130984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130986,130987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,130988,130989,130992,130994,130997,130999,131002,131004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,130990,130991],{"class":69},"Student",[63,130993,821],{"class":81},[63,130995,130996],{"class":69}," Noah",[63,130998,89],{"class":81},[63,131000,131001],{"class":69}," Score",[63,131003,821],{"class":81},[63,131005,131006],{"class":85}," 95\n",[14,131008,131009,131010,259],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[196,131011,3912,131012,3845],{"href":42465},[18,131013,47975],{},[49,131015,131017],{"id":131016},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,131019,131020,131022],{},[18,131021,126455],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131024,131025,131026,131029],{},"A common example is ",[18,131027,131028],{},":.2f",", which means:",[29,131031,131032,131035],{},[32,131033,131034],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[32,131036,131037],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131039,2543],{},[54,131041,131043],{"className":56,"code":131042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,131044,131045,131053,131082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131046,131047,131049,131051],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131048,40677],{"class":69},[63,131050,74],{"class":73},[63,131052,49568],{"class":85},[63,131054,131055,131057,131059,131061,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131056,34981],{"class":69},[63,131058,74],{"class":73},[63,131060,824],{"class":116},[63,131062,131063],{"class":120},"Price: $",[63,131065,9588],{"class":85},[63,131067,131028],{"class":2402},[63,131069,22596],{"class":85},[63,131071,117],{"class":116},[63,131073,259],{"class":81},[63,131075,130175],{"class":145},[63,131077,113],{"class":81},[63,131079,25441],{"class":145},[63,131081,126],{"class":81},[63,131083,131084,131086,131088,131090],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,131085,140],{"class":139},[63,131087,113],{"class":81},[63,131089,35002],{"class":145},[63,131091,126],{"class":81},[14,131093,131094],{},[1217,131095,163],{},[54,131097,131099],{"className":56,"code":131098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,131100,131101],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131102,131103,131106,131108,131111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131104,131105],{"class":69},"Price",[63,131107,821],{"class":81},[63,131109,131110],{"class":37657}," $",[63,131112,131113],{"class":85},"3.50\n",[14,131115,52372],{},[54,131117,131119],{"className":56,"code":131118,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,131120,131121,131131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131122,131123,131126,131128],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131124,131125],{"class":69},"average ",[63,131127,74],{"class":73},[63,131129,131130],{"class":85}," 91.236\n",[63,131132,131133,131135,131137,131139,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131159],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131134,140],{"class":139},[63,131136,113],{"class":81},[63,131138,117],{"class":116},[63,131140,131141],{"class":120},"Average: ",[63,131143,9588],{"class":85},[63,131145,131028],{"class":2402},[63,131147,22596],{"class":85},[63,131149,117],{"class":116},[63,131151,259],{"class":81},[63,131153,130175],{"class":145},[63,131155,113],{"class":81},[63,131157,131158],{"class":145},"average",[63,131160,100],{"class":81},[14,131162,131163],{},[1217,131164,163],{},[54,131166,131168],{"className":56,"code":131167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,131169,131170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131171,131172,131175,131177],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131173,131174],{"class":69},"Average",[63,131176,821],{"class":81},[63,131178,131179],{"class":85}," 91.24\n",[14,131181,131182],{},"This is useful for:",[29,131184,131185,131187,131190],{},[32,131186,83181],{},[32,131188,131189],{},"averages",[32,131191,131192],{},"percentages",[14,131194,131195,131196,259],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[196,131197,3912,131198,2638],{"href":46740},[18,131199,46743],{},[49,131201,17715],{"id":17714},[14,131203,131204,92618],{},[18,131205,126455],{},[14,131207,131208],{},"That means you can:",[29,131210,131211,131214,131217],{},[32,131212,131213],{},"save it in a variable",[32,131215,131216],{},"print it directly",[32,131218,131219],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131221,2543],{},[54,131223,131225],{"className":56,"code":131224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,131226,131227,131258,131268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131254,131256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131230,90104],{"class":69},[63,131232,74],{"class":73},[63,131234,824],{"class":116},[63,131236,45193],{"class":120},[63,131238,4128],{"class":85},[63,131240,89945],{"class":120},[63,131242,117],{"class":116},[63,131244,259],{"class":81},[63,131246,130175],{"class":145},[63,131248,113],{"class":81},[63,131250,117],{"class":116},[63,131252,131253],{"class":120},"Chris",[63,131255,117],{"class":116},[63,131257,126],{"class":81},[63,131259,131260,131262,131264,131266],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131261,140],{"class":139},[63,131263,113],{"class":81},[63,131265,90121],{"class":145},[63,131267,126],{"class":81},[63,131269,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,131271,140],{"class":139},[63,131273,113],{"class":81},[63,131275,3557],{"class":77},[63,131277,113],{"class":81},[63,131279,90121],{"class":145},[63,131281,100],{"class":81},[14,131283,131284],{},[1217,131285,163],{},[54,131287,131289],{"className":56,"code":131288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,131290,131291,131300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131292,131293,131295,131297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131294,35161],{"class":69},[63,131296,89],{"class":81},[63,131298,131299],{"class":69}," Chris!\n",[63,131301,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131303,3626],{"class":73},[63,131305,3629],{"class":2402},[63,131307,203],{"class":116},[63,131309,3779],{"class":120},[63,131311,193],{"class":116},[63,131313,3638],{"class":73},[14,131315,131316],{},"The original string is not changed.",[49,131318,131320,131322],{"id":131319},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,131321,126455],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131324,131325,131327],{},[18,131326,126455],{}," is a string method.",[14,131329,131330],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131332,1743,131333,821],{},[18,131334,126455],{},[54,131336,131338],{"className":56,"code":131337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,131339,131340,131353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348,131351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131343,8194],{"class":69},[63,131345,74],{"class":73},[63,131347,824],{"class":116},[63,131349,131350],{"class":120},"Rita",[63,131352,3694],{"class":116},[63,131354,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131356,140],{"class":139},[63,131358,113],{"class":81},[63,131360,117],{"class":116},[63,131362,45193],{"class":120},[63,131364,4128],{"class":85},[63,131366,89945],{"class":120},[63,131368,117],{"class":116},[63,131370,259],{"class":81},[63,131372,130175],{"class":145},[63,131374,113],{"class":81},[63,131376,816],{"class":145},[63,131378,100],{"class":81},[14,131380,131381],{},"Example with an f-string:",[54,131383,131385],{"className":56,"code":131384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,131386,131387,131399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131388,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131390,8194],{"class":69},[63,131392,74],{"class":73},[63,131394,824],{"class":116},[63,131396,131350],{"class":120},[63,131398,3694],{"class":116},[63,131400,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131418],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131402,140],{"class":139},[63,131404,113],{"class":81},[63,131406,22587],{"class":2402},[63,131408,43637],{"class":120},[63,131410,9588],{"class":85},[63,131412,816],{"class":145},[63,131414,22596],{"class":85},[63,131416,131417],{"class":120},"!\"",[63,131419,126],{"class":81},[14,131421,131422],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131424,131425,131426,131428,131429,259],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,131427,126455],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[196,131430,89790],{"href":89789},[49,131432,3167],{"id":3166},[14,131434,131435,131436,259],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,131437,126455],{},[486,131439,131441],{"id":131440},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131443,131444],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[54,131446,131448],{"className":56,"code":131447,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131449,131450,131483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131451,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131453,34981],{"class":69},[63,131455,74],{"class":73},[63,131457,824],{"class":116},[63,131459,45193],{"class":120},[63,131461,4128],{"class":85},[63,131463,131464],{"class":85}," {}",[63,131466,89945],{"class":120},[63,131468,117],{"class":116},[63,131470,259],{"class":81},[63,131472,130175],{"class":145},[63,131474,113],{"class":81},[63,131476,117],{"class":116},[63,131478,7997],{"class":120},[63,131480,117],{"class":116},[63,131482,126],{"class":81},[63,131484,131485,131487,131489,131491],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131486,140],{"class":139},[63,131488,113],{"class":81},[63,131490,35002],{"class":145},[63,131492,126],{"class":81},[14,131494,131495],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131497,131498],{},"Fixed version:",[54,131500,131502],{"className":56,"code":131501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131503,131504,131545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131541,131543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131507,34981],{"class":69},[63,131509,74],{"class":73},[63,131511,824],{"class":116},[63,131513,45193],{"class":120},[63,131515,4128],{"class":85},[63,131517,131464],{"class":85},[63,131519,89945],{"class":120},[63,131521,117],{"class":116},[63,131523,259],{"class":81},[63,131525,130175],{"class":145},[63,131527,113],{"class":81},[63,131529,117],{"class":116},[63,131531,7997],{"class":120},[63,131533,117],{"class":116},[63,131535,89],{"class":81},[63,131537,824],{"class":116},[63,131539,131540],{"class":120},"Lee",[63,131542,117],{"class":116},[63,131544,126],{"class":81},[63,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131548,140],{"class":139},[63,131550,113],{"class":81},[63,131552,35002],{"class":145},[63,131554,126],{"class":81},[486,131556,131558],{"id":131557},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131560,131561,131562,259],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,131563,126455],{},[14,131565,131566],{},"Problem:",[54,131568,131570],{"className":56,"code":131569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131571,131572,131606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131573,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131575,34981],{"class":69},[63,131577,74],{"class":73},[63,131579,824],{"class":116},[63,131581,45193],{"class":120},[63,131583,130792],{"class":85},[63,131585,89945],{"class":120},[63,131587,117],{"class":116},[63,131589,259],{"class":81},[63,131591,130175],{"class":145},[63,131593,113],{"class":81},[63,131595,8302],{"class":9491},[63,131597,74],{"class":73},[63,131599,117],{"class":116},[63,131601,7997],{"class":120},[63,131603,117],{"class":116},[63,131605,126],{"class":81},[63,131607,131608,131610,131612,131614],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131609,140],{"class":139},[63,131611,113],{"class":81},[63,131613,35002],{"class":145},[63,131615,126],{"class":81},[14,131617,131498],{},[54,131619,131621],{"className":56,"code":131620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131622,131623,131657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131624,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131626,34981],{"class":69},[63,131628,74],{"class":73},[63,131630,824],{"class":116},[63,131632,45193],{"class":120},[63,131634,130792],{"class":85},[63,131636,89945],{"class":120},[63,131638,117],{"class":116},[63,131640,259],{"class":81},[63,131642,130175],{"class":145},[63,131644,113],{"class":81},[63,131646,816],{"class":9491},[63,131648,74],{"class":73},[63,131650,117],{"class":116},[63,131652,7997],{"class":120},[63,131654,117],{"class":116},[63,131656,126],{"class":81},[63,131658,131659,131661,131663,131665],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131660,140],{"class":139},[63,131662,113],{"class":81},[63,131664,35002],{"class":145},[63,131666,126],{"class":81},[486,131668,8769,131670,131672],{"id":131669},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131671,126455],{}," to change the original string",[14,131674,131675,131677],{},[18,131676,126455],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131679,131566],{},[54,131681,131683],{"className":56,"code":131682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131684,131685,131699,131717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131688,34981],{"class":69},[63,131690,74],{"class":73},[63,131692,824],{"class":116},[63,131694,45193],{"class":120},[63,131696,4128],{"class":85},[63,131698,3694],{"class":116},[63,131700,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131702,35002],{"class":69},[63,131704,259],{"class":81},[63,131706,130175],{"class":145},[63,131708,113],{"class":81},[63,131710,117],{"class":116},[63,131712,7997],{"class":120},[63,131714,117],{"class":116},[63,131716,126],{"class":81},[63,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,131720,140],{"class":139},[63,131722,113],{"class":81},[63,131724,35002],{"class":145},[63,131726,126],{"class":81},[14,131728,131729],{},[1217,131730,163],{},[54,131732,131734],{"className":56,"code":131733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131735,131736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131737,131738,131740,131742],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131739,35161],{"class":69},[63,131741,89],{"class":81},[63,131743,10145],{"class":81},[14,131745,131498],{},[54,131747,131749],{"className":56,"code":131748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131750,131751,131765,131787],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131752,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131754,34981],{"class":69},[63,131756,74],{"class":73},[63,131758,824],{"class":116},[63,131760,45193],{"class":120},[63,131762,4128],{"class":85},[63,131764,3694],{"class":116},[63,131766,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131768,34981],{"class":69},[63,131770,74],{"class":73},[63,131772,43132],{"class":69},[63,131774,259],{"class":81},[63,131776,130175],{"class":145},[63,131778,113],{"class":81},[63,131780,117],{"class":116},[63,131782,7997],{"class":120},[63,131784,117],{"class":116},[63,131786,126],{"class":81},[63,131788,131789,131791,131793,131795],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,131790,140],{"class":139},[63,131792,113],{"class":81},[63,131794,35002],{"class":145},[63,131796,126],{"class":81},[486,131798,5035,131800,131802],{"id":131799},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131801,126455],{}," returns a new string",[14,131804,131805],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[486,131807,131809],{"id":131808},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131811,131812],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131814,131815,131816,131818],{},"Use simple ",[18,131817,4128],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131820,131821,131822,259],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[196,131823,90503],{"href":90502},[49,131825,67992],{"id":67991},[14,131827,131828],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[54,131830,131832],{"className":56,"code":131831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131833,131834,131844,131858,131887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,131835,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,131837,140],{"class":139},[63,131839,113],{"class":81},[63,131841,35002],{"class":145},[63,131843,126],{"class":81},[63,131845,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,131847,140],{"class":139},[63,131849,113],{"class":81},[63,131851,3557],{"class":77},[63,131853,113],{"class":81},[63,131855,2807],{"class":145},[63,131857,100],{"class":81},[63,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,131861,140],{"class":139},[63,131863,113],{"class":81},[63,131865,117],{"class":116},[63,131867,131868],{"class":120},"Hello ",[63,131870,4128],{"class":85},[63,131872,117],{"class":116},[63,131874,259],{"class":81},[63,131876,130175],{"class":145},[63,131878,113],{"class":81},[63,131880,117],{"class":116},[63,131882,7997],{"class":120},[63,131884,117],{"class":116},[63,131886,100],{"class":81},[63,131888,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,131890,32444],{"class":139},[63,131892,113],{"class":81},[63,131894,3779],{"class":77},[63,131896,259],{"class":81},[63,131898,130175],{"class":25042},[63,131900,126],{"class":81},[14,131902,131903],{},"Use them to check:",[29,131905,131906,131909,131912,131915],{},[32,131907,131908],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[32,131910,131911],{},"what type your value has",[32,131913,131914],{},"whether a small test example works",[32,131916,131917,131918],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131919,131920],{},"str.format",[49,131922,2165],{"id":2164},[486,131924,129956,131926,13023],{"id":131925},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131927,126455],{},[14,131929,131930],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[486,131932,131934],{"id":131933},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131936,131937,131938,131940],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131939,4128],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[486,131942,131944,131945,2827],{"id":131943},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131946,126455],{},[14,131948,131949,131950,131953],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131951,131952],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[486,131955,15199,131957,131959],{"id":131956},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131958,126455],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131961,131962,131963,131965],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131964,126455],{}," is still useful and common.",[49,131967,2219],{"id":2218},[29,131969,131970,131974,131978,131984,131990],{},[32,131971,131972],{},[196,131973,125207],{"href":51268},[32,131975,131976],{},[196,131977,90780],{"href":89789},[32,131979,131980],{},[196,131981,3912,131982,3845],{"href":46740},[18,131983,46743],{},[32,131985,131986],{},[196,131987,3912,131988,3845],{"href":42465},[18,131989,47975],{},[32,131991,131992],{},[196,131993,90503],{"href":90502},[2259,131995,131996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":131998},[131999,132000,132002,132003,132004,132005,132006,132007,132009,132018,132019,132028],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":130242,"depth":103,"text":132001},"What the format() method does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":130523,"depth":103,"text":130524},{"id":130785,"depth":103,"text":130786},{"id":131016,"depth":103,"text":131017},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":131319,"depth":103,"text":132008},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":132010},[132011,132012,132013,132015,132017],{"id":131440,"depth":129,"text":131441},{"id":131557,"depth":129,"text":131558},{"id":131669,"depth":129,"text":132014},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131799,"depth":129,"text":132016},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131808,"depth":129,"text":131809},{"id":67991,"depth":103,"text":67992},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":132020},[132021,132023,132024,132026],{"id":131925,"depth":129,"text":132022},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131933,"depth":129,"text":131934},{"id":131943,"depth":129,"text":132025},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131956,"depth":129,"text":132027},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130102,"description":132029},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132036,"title":132037,"body":132038,"description":133518,"extension":2300,"meta":133519,"navigation":132,"path":133520,"seo":133521,"stem":133522,"__hash__":133523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132039,"toc":133490},[132040,132045,132050,132055,132057,132119,132126,132132,132137,132139,132155,132157,132228,132230,132244,132247,132297,132299,132301,132328,132331,132346,132349,132390,132393,132438,132445,132494,132496,132504,132506,132524,132526,132619,132627,132668,132673,132680,132686,132693,132696,132700,132801,132803,132825,132829,132882,132885,132888,132894,132901,132903,132942,132944,132962,132972,132979,133062,133065,133072,133079,133086,133090,133098,133144,133148,133157,133222,133227,133232,133243,133245,133250,133277,133279,133382,133385,133405,133407,133412,133415,133419,133423,133430,133439,133445,133448,133454,133456,133458,133487],[10,132041,123452,132043,11629],{"id":132042},"python-string-index-method",[18,132044,59249],{},[14,132046,123457,132047,132049],{},[18,132048,59249],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132051,132052,132053,259],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,132054,40994],{},[49,132056,52],{"id":51},[54,132058,132060],{"className":56,"code":132059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,132061,132062,132074,132096,132106,132110,132114],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132065,34981],{"class":69},[63,132067,74],{"class":73},[63,132069,824],{"class":116},[63,132071,60683],{"class":120},[63,132073,3694],{"class":116},[63,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132077,65016],{"class":69},[63,132079,74],{"class":73},[63,132081,43132],{"class":69},[63,132083,259],{"class":81},[63,132085,36141],{"class":145},[63,132087,113],{"class":81},[63,132089,117],{"class":116},[63,132091,60864],{"class":120},[63,132093,117],{"class":116},[63,132095,126],{"class":81},[63,132097,132098,132100,132102,132104],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132099,140],{"class":139},[63,132101,113],{"class":81},[63,132103,65043],{"class":145},[63,132105,126],{"class":81},[63,132107,132108],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,132109,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132111,132112],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,132113,90921],{"class":1910},[63,132115,132116],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,132117,132118],{"class":1910},"# 6\n",[14,132120,222,132121,132123,132124,259],{},[18,132122,59249],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,132125,40994],{},[49,132127,4014,132129,4017],{"id":132128},"what-strindex-does",[18,132130,132131],{},"str.index()",[14,132133,132134,132136],{},[18,132135,132131],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132138,13357],{},[29,132140,132141,132144,132147,132150],{},[32,132142,132143],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[32,132145,132146],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[32,132148,132149],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[32,132151,30585,132152,132154],{},[18,132153,40994],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132156,2543],{},[54,132158,132160],{"className":56,"code":132159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,132161,132162,132174,132178,132203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132163,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132165,34981],{"class":69},[63,132167,74],{"class":73},[63,132169,824],{"class":116},[63,132171,427],{"class":120},[63,132173,3694],{"class":116},[63,132175,132176],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132177,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132179,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132181,140],{"class":139},[63,132183,113],{"class":81},[63,132185,35002],{"class":145},[63,132187,259],{"class":81},[63,132189,36141],{"class":145},[63,132191,113],{"class":81},[63,132193,117],{"class":116},[63,132195,196],{"class":120},[63,132197,117],{"class":116},[63,132199,5683],{"class":81},[63,132201,132202],{"class":1910},"     # 1\n",[63,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,132206,140],{"class":139},[63,132208,113],{"class":81},[63,132210,35002],{"class":145},[63,132212,259],{"class":81},[63,132214,36141],{"class":145},[63,132216,113],{"class":81},[63,132218,117],{"class":116},[63,132220,123545],{"class":120},[63,132222,117],{"class":116},[63,132224,5683],{"class":81},[63,132226,132227],{"class":1910},"    # 2\n",[14,132229,2514],{},[29,132231,132232,132238],{},[32,132233,132234,128665,132236],{},[18,132235,18392],{},[18,132237,86],{},[32,132239,132240,128665,132242],{},[18,132241,128664],{},[18,132243,2394],{},[14,132245,132246],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[54,132248,132250],{"className":56,"code":132249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132251,132252,132264,132268,132292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132255,34981],{"class":69},[63,132257,74],{"class":73},[63,132259,824],{"class":116},[63,132261,35161],{"class":120},[63,132263,3694],{"class":116},[63,132265,132266],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132267,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132271,140],{"class":139},[63,132273,113],{"class":81},[63,132275,35002],{"class":145},[63,132277,259],{"class":81},[63,132279,36141],{"class":145},[63,132281,113],{"class":81},[63,132283,117],{"class":116},[63,132285,51483],{"class":120},[63,132287,117],{"class":116},[63,132289,5683],{"class":81},[63,132291,21062],{"class":1910},[63,132293,132294],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,132295,132296],{"class":1910},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[49,132298,263],{"id":262},[14,132300,2495],{},[54,132302,132304],{"className":56,"code":132303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,132305,132306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132307,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132309,61446],{"class":69},[63,132311,259],{"class":81},[63,132313,36141],{"class":145},[63,132315,113],{"class":81},[63,132317,2807],{"class":145},[63,132319,89],{"class":81},[63,132321,36346],{"class":145},[63,132323,89],{"class":81},[63,132325,65137],{"class":145},[63,132327,126],{"class":81},[14,132329,132330],{},"Parameters:",[29,132332,132333,132337,132341],{},[32,132334,132335,123644],{},[18,132336,2807],{},[32,132338,132339,128711],{},[18,132340,36367],{},[32,132342,132343,132345],{},[18,132344,52951],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132347,132348],{},"You can use just the value:",[54,132350,132352],{"className":56,"code":132351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132353,132354,132366],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132357,34981],{"class":69},[63,132359,74],{"class":73},[63,132361,824],{"class":116},[63,132363,58],{"class":120},[63,132365,3694],{"class":116},[63,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132369,140],{"class":139},[63,132371,113],{"class":81},[63,132373,35002],{"class":145},[63,132375,259],{"class":81},[63,132377,36141],{"class":145},[63,132379,113],{"class":81},[63,132381,117],{"class":116},[63,132383,626],{"class":120},[63,132385,117],{"class":116},[63,132387,5683],{"class":81},[63,132389,51707],{"class":1910},[14,132391,132392],{},"Or include a start position:",[54,132394,132396],{"className":56,"code":132395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,132397,132398,132410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132399,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132401,34981],{"class":69},[63,132403,74],{"class":73},[63,132405,824],{"class":116},[63,132407,427],{"class":120},[63,132409,3694],{"class":116},[63,132411,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132413,140],{"class":139},[63,132415,113],{"class":81},[63,132417,35002],{"class":145},[63,132419,259],{"class":81},[63,132421,36141],{"class":145},[63,132423,113],{"class":81},[63,132425,117],{"class":116},[63,132427,196],{"class":120},[63,132429,117],{"class":116},[63,132431,89],{"class":81},[63,132433,92],{"class":85},[63,132435,5683],{"class":81},[63,132437,51063],{"class":1910},[14,132439,132440,132441,4726,132443,821],{},"Or include both ",[18,132442,36367],{},[18,132444,52951],{},[54,132446,132448],{"className":56,"code":132447,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,132449,132450,132462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132451,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132453,34981],{"class":69},[63,132455,74],{"class":73},[63,132457,824],{"class":116},[63,132459,427],{"class":120},[63,132461,3694],{"class":116},[63,132463,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132465,140],{"class":139},[63,132467,113],{"class":81},[63,132469,35002],{"class":145},[63,132471,259],{"class":81},[63,132473,36141],{"class":145},[63,132475,113],{"class":81},[63,132477,117],{"class":116},[63,132479,196],{"class":120},[63,132481,117],{"class":116},[63,132483,89],{"class":81},[63,132485,92],{"class":85},[63,132487,89],{"class":81},[63,132489,4935],{"class":85},[63,132491,5683],{"class":81},[63,132493,51063],{"class":1910},[49,132495,38311],{"id":38310},[14,132497,28999,132498,132500,132501,259],{},[18,132499,59249],{}," is a ",[1217,132502,132503],{},"zero-based index",[14,132505,2444],{},[29,132507,132508,132514,132519],{},[32,132509,132510,132511,132513],{},"Index ",[18,132512,687],{}," is the first character",[32,132515,132510,132516,132518],{},[18,132517,86],{}," is the second character",[32,132520,132510,132521,132523],{},[18,132522,2394],{}," is the third character",[14,132525,2543],{},[54,132527,132529],{"className":56,"code":132528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,132530,132531,132543,132547,132571,132595],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132532,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132534,34981],{"class":69},[63,132536,74],{"class":73},[63,132538,824],{"class":116},[63,132540,580],{"class":120},[63,132542,3694],{"class":116},[63,132544,132545],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132546,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132548,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132550,140],{"class":139},[63,132552,113],{"class":81},[63,132554,35002],{"class":145},[63,132556,259],{"class":81},[63,132558,36141],{"class":145},[63,132560,113],{"class":81},[63,132562,117],{"class":116},[63,132564,215],{"class":120},[63,132566,117],{"class":116},[63,132568,5683],{"class":81},[63,132570,51539],{"class":1910},[63,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,132574,140],{"class":139},[63,132576,113],{"class":81},[63,132578,35002],{"class":145},[63,132580,259],{"class":81},[63,132582,36141],{"class":145},[63,132584,113],{"class":81},[63,132586,117],{"class":116},[63,132588,196],{"class":120},[63,132590,117],{"class":116},[63,132592,5683],{"class":81},[63,132594,28070],{"class":1910},[63,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,132598,140],{"class":139},[63,132600,113],{"class":81},[63,132602,35002],{"class":145},[63,132604,259],{"class":81},[63,132606,36141],{"class":145},[63,132608,113],{"class":81},[63,132610,117],{"class":116},[63,132612,626],{"class":120},[63,132614,117],{"class":116},[63,132616,5683],{"class":81},[63,132618,51707],{"class":1910},[14,132620,132621,132623,132624,132626],{},[18,132622,59249],{}," returns only the ",[1217,132625,30200],{}," matching position.",[54,132628,132630],{"className":56,"code":132629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132631,132632,132644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132633,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132635,34981],{"class":69},[63,132637,74],{"class":73},[63,132639,824],{"class":116},[63,132641,427],{"class":120},[63,132643,3694],{"class":116},[63,132645,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132647,140],{"class":139},[63,132649,113],{"class":81},[63,132651,35002],{"class":145},[63,132653,259],{"class":81},[63,132655,36141],{"class":145},[63,132657,113],{"class":81},[63,132659,117],{"class":116},[63,132661,196],{"class":120},[63,132663,117],{"class":116},[63,132665,5683],{"class":81},[63,132667,28070],{"class":1910},[14,132669,21272,132670,132672],{},[18,132671,18392],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132674,132675,132676,259],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[196,132677,132678,11046],{"href":124902},[18,132679,58871],{},[49,132681,8733,132682,4726,132684],{"id":65503},[18,132683,36367],{},[18,132685,52951],{},[14,132687,2317,132688,4726,132690,132692],{},[18,132689,36367],{},[18,132691,52951],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132694,132695],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132697,1743,132698,821],{},[18,132699,36367],{},[54,132701,132703],{"className":56,"code":132702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132704,132705,132717,132721,132745,132773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132706,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132708,34981],{"class":69},[63,132710,74],{"class":73},[63,132712,824],{"class":116},[63,132714,427],{"class":120},[63,132716,3694],{"class":116},[63,132718,132719],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132720,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132724,140],{"class":139},[63,132726,113],{"class":81},[63,132728,35002],{"class":145},[63,132730,259],{"class":81},[63,132732,36141],{"class":145},[63,132734,113],{"class":81},[63,132736,117],{"class":116},[63,132738,196],{"class":120},[63,132740,117],{"class":116},[63,132742,5683],{"class":81},[63,132744,51412],{"class":1910},[63,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,132748,140],{"class":139},[63,132750,113],{"class":81},[63,132752,35002],{"class":145},[63,132754,259],{"class":81},[63,132756,36141],{"class":145},[63,132758,113],{"class":81},[63,132760,117],{"class":116},[63,132762,196],{"class":120},[63,132764,117],{"class":116},[63,132766,89],{"class":81},[63,132768,92],{"class":85},[63,132770,5683],{"class":81},[63,132772,51262],{"class":1910},[63,132774,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,132776,140],{"class":139},[63,132778,113],{"class":81},[63,132780,35002],{"class":145},[63,132782,259],{"class":81},[63,132784,36141],{"class":145},[63,132786,113],{"class":81},[63,132788,117],{"class":116},[63,132790,196],{"class":120},[63,132792,117],{"class":116},[63,132794,89],{"class":81},[63,132796,705],{"class":85},[63,132798,5683],{"class":81},[63,132800,51046],{"class":1910},[14,132802,20251],{},[29,132804,132805,132812,132818],{},[32,132806,132807,132808,65693,132810],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132809,18392],{},[18,132811,86],{},[32,132813,132814,132815,132817],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132816,2394],{}," skips that first match",[32,132819,132814,132820,132822,132823],{},[18,132821,2840],{}," finds the last ",[18,132824,18392],{},[14,132826,1743,132827,821],{},[18,132828,52951],{},[54,132830,132832],{"className":56,"code":132831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132833,132834,132846,132850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132835,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132837,34981],{"class":69},[63,132839,74],{"class":73},[63,132841,824],{"class":116},[63,132843,427],{"class":120},[63,132845,3694],{"class":116},[63,132847,132848],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132849,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,132851,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,132853,140],{"class":139},[63,132855,113],{"class":81},[63,132857,35002],{"class":145},[63,132859,259],{"class":81},[63,132861,36141],{"class":145},[63,132863,113],{"class":81},[63,132865,117],{"class":116},[63,132867,76127],{"class":120},[63,132869,117],{"class":116},[63,132871,89],{"class":81},[63,132873,4169],{"class":85},[63,132875,89],{"class":81},[63,132877,705],{"class":85},[63,132879,5683],{"class":81},[63,132881,51707],{"class":1910},[14,132883,132884],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132886,132887],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[49,132889,44504,132891,132893],{"id":132890},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132892,59249],{}," causes an error",[14,132895,132896,132897,52787,132899,259],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132898,59249],{},[18,132900,40994],{},[14,132902,2543],{},[54,132904,132906],{"className":56,"code":132905,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132907,132908,132920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132909,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132911,34981],{"class":69},[63,132913,74],{"class":73},[63,132915,824],{"class":116},[63,132917,1995],{"class":120},[63,132919,3694],{"class":116},[63,132921,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132923,140],{"class":139},[63,132925,113],{"class":81},[63,132927,35002],{"class":145},[63,132929,259],{"class":81},[63,132931,36141],{"class":145},[63,132933,113],{"class":81},[63,132935,117],{"class":116},[63,132937,22371],{"class":120},[63,132939,117],{"class":116},[63,132941,100],{"class":81},[14,132943,163],{},[54,132945,132947],{"className":56,"code":132946,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132948,132949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132950,132951,132953,132955,132958,132960],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132952,40994],{"class":77},[63,132954,821],{"class":81},[63,132956,132957],{"class":69}," substring ",[63,132959,4961],{"class":73},[63,132961,65926],{"class":69},[14,132963,53628,132964,126418,132969,132971],{},[196,132965,132966],{"href":130096},[18,132967,132968],{},"str.find()",[18,132970,65951],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132973,132974,132975,4726,132977,821],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132976,30095],{},[18,132978,30126],{},[54,132980,132982],{"className":56,"code":132981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132983,132984,132996,133000,133006,133029,133039,133047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,132985,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,132987,34981],{"class":69},[63,132989,74],{"class":73},[63,132991,824],{"class":116},[63,132993,1995],{"class":120},[63,132995,3694],{"class":116},[63,132997,132998],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,132999,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,133001,133002,133004],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133003,30095],{"class":1155},[63,133005,6713],{"class":81},[63,133007,133008,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,133009,133010],{"class":69},"    position ",[63,133012,74],{"class":73},[63,133014,43132],{"class":69},[63,133016,259],{"class":81},[63,133018,36141],{"class":145},[63,133020,113],{"class":81},[63,133022,117],{"class":116},[63,133024,22371],{"class":120},[63,133026,117],{"class":116},[63,133028,126],{"class":81},[63,133030,133031,133033,133035,133037],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,133032,8386],{"class":139},[63,133034,113],{"class":81},[63,133036,65043],{"class":145},[63,133038,126],{"class":81},[63,133040,133041,133043,133045],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,133042,30126],{"class":1155},[63,133044,42216],{"class":77},[63,133046,6713],{"class":81},[63,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133058,133060],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,133050,8386],{"class":139},[63,133052,113],{"class":81},[63,133054,117],{"class":116},[63,133056,133057],{"class":120},"Substring not found",[63,133059,117],{"class":116},[63,133061,126],{"class":81},[14,133063,133064],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133066,42236,133067,259],{},[196,133068,25970,133070],{"href":133069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,133071,129423],{},[49,133073,133075,10891,133077],{"id":133074},"index-vs-find",[18,133076,59249],{},[18,133078,124447],{},[14,133080,133081,4726,133083,133085],{},[18,133082,59249],{},[18,133084,124447],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[486,133087,133088],{"id":36141},[18,133089,59249],{},[29,133091,133092,133095],{},[32,133093,133094],{},"Returns the first match position",[32,133096,133097],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[54,133099,133101],{"className":56,"code":133100,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,133102,133103,133115,133139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133104,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133106,34981],{"class":69},[63,133108,74],{"class":73},[63,133110,824],{"class":116},[63,133112,1995],{"class":120},[63,133114,3694],{"class":116},[63,133116,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133118,140],{"class":139},[63,133120,113],{"class":81},[63,133122,35002],{"class":145},[63,133124,259],{"class":81},[63,133126,36141],{"class":145},[63,133128,113],{"class":81},[63,133130,117],{"class":116},[63,133132,2023],{"class":120},[63,133134,117],{"class":116},[63,133136,5683],{"class":81},[63,133138,28070],{"class":1910},[63,133140,133141],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133142,133143],{"class":1910},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[486,133145,133146],{"id":128477},[18,133147,124447],{},[29,133149,133150,133152],{},[32,133151,133094],{},[32,133153,11731,133154,133156],{},[18,133155,65951],{}," if nothing is found",[54,133158,133160],{"className":56,"code":133159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,133161,133162,133174,133198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133163,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133165,34981],{"class":69},[63,133167,74],{"class":73},[63,133169,824],{"class":116},[63,133171,1995],{"class":120},[63,133173,3694],{"class":116},[63,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133177,140],{"class":139},[63,133179,113],{"class":81},[63,133181,35002],{"class":145},[63,133183,259],{"class":81},[63,133185,128477],{"class":145},[63,133187,113],{"class":81},[63,133189,117],{"class":116},[63,133191,2023],{"class":120},[63,133193,117],{"class":116},[63,133195,5683],{"class":81},[63,133197,28070],{"class":1910},[63,133199,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133201,140],{"class":139},[63,133203,113],{"class":81},[63,133205,35002],{"class":145},[63,133207,259],{"class":81},[63,133209,128477],{"class":145},[63,133211,113],{"class":81},[63,133213,117],{"class":116},[63,133215,22371],{"class":120},[63,133217,117],{"class":116},[63,133219,5683],{"class":81},[63,133221,128833],{"class":1910},[14,133223,222,133224,133226],{},[18,133225,59249],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133228,222,133229,133231],{},[18,133230,124447],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133233,133234,133235,1725,133240,259],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[196,133236,133237,133239],{"href":130096},[18,133238,132968],{}," method reference",[196,133241,127488],{"href":133242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[49,133244,3167],{"id":3166},[14,133246,133247,133248,821],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,133249,59249],{},[29,133251,133252,133255,133262,133267,133272],{},[32,133253,133254],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[32,133256,8769,133257,8772,133259,133261],{},[18,133258,59249],{},[18,133260,65951],{}," when no match exists",[32,133263,8733,133264,133266],{},[18,133265,59249],{}," on a value that may not be present",[32,133268,133269,133270],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,133271,86],{},[32,133273,4909,133274,133276],{},[18,133275,59249],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133278,62567],{},[54,133280,133282],{"className":56,"code":133281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,133283,133284,133294,133308,133330,133352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133285,133286,133288,133290,133292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133287,140],{"class":139},[63,133289,113],{"class":81},[63,133291,35002],{"class":145},[63,133293,126],{"class":81},[63,133295,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133297,140],{"class":139},[63,133299,113],{"class":81},[63,133301,42069],{"class":139},[63,133303,113],{"class":81},[63,133305,35002],{"class":145},[63,133307,100],{"class":81},[63,133309,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133311,140],{"class":139},[63,133313,113],{"class":81},[63,133315,35002],{"class":145},[63,133317,259],{"class":81},[63,133319,36141],{"class":145},[63,133321,113],{"class":81},[63,133323,117],{"class":116},[63,133325,2807],{"class":120},[63,133327,117],{"class":116},[63,133329,100],{"class":81},[63,133331,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,133333,140],{"class":139},[63,133335,113],{"class":81},[63,133337,35002],{"class":145},[63,133339,259],{"class":81},[63,133341,128477],{"class":145},[63,133343,113],{"class":81},[63,133345,117],{"class":116},[63,133347,2807],{"class":120},[63,133349,117],{"class":116},[63,133351,100],{"class":81},[63,133353,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,133355,140],{"class":139},[63,133357,113],{"class":81},[63,133359,35002],{"class":145},[63,133361,259],{"class":81},[63,133363,36141],{"class":145},[63,133365,113],{"class":81},[63,133367,117],{"class":116},[63,133369,2807],{"class":120},[63,133371,117],{"class":116},[63,133373,89],{"class":81},[63,133375,36346],{"class":145},[63,133377,89],{"class":81},[63,133379,65137],{"class":145},[63,133381,100],{"class":81},[14,133383,133384],{},"Tips:",[29,133386,133387,133392,133397,133400],{},[32,133388,222,133389,133391],{},[18,133390,126374],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[32,133393,222,133394,133396],{},[18,133395,124447],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[32,133398,133399],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[32,133401,133402,133403],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,133404,687],{},[49,133406,2165],{"id":2164},[486,133408,129956,133410,13023],{"id":133409},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,133411,59249],{},[14,133413,133414],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[486,133416,133418],{"id":133417},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133420,76955,133421,259],{},[18,133422,40994],{},[486,133424,2169,133426,4726,133428,2827],{"id":133425},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,133427,59249],{},[18,133429,124447],{},[14,133431,133432,133434,133435,2732,133437,6951],{},[18,133433,59249],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,133436,124447],{},[18,133438,65951],{},[486,133440,5497,133442,133444],{"id":133441},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,133443,59249],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133446,133447],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[486,133449,133451,133452,124788],{"id":133450},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,133453,59249],{},[14,133455,129981],{},[49,133457,2219],{"id":2218},[29,133459,133460,133466,133470,133475,133481],{},[32,133461,133462],{},[196,133463,133464,11046],{"href":130096},[18,133465,132968],{},[32,133467,133468],{},[196,133469,124851],{"href":133242},[32,133471,133472],{},[196,133473,130057],{"href":133474},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[32,133476,133477],{},[196,133478,133479,11046],{"href":124902},[18,133480,58871],{},[32,133482,133483],{},[196,133484,30639,133485],{"href":133069},[18,133486,129423],{},[2259,133488,133489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":133491},[133492,133493,133495,133496,133497,133498,133500,133505,133506,133517],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":132128,"depth":103,"text":133494},"What str.index() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311},{"id":65503,"depth":103,"text":66286},{"id":132890,"depth":103,"text":133499},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133074,"depth":103,"text":133501,"children":133502},"index() vs find()",[133503,133504],{"id":36141,"depth":129,"text":59249},{"id":128477,"depth":129,"text":124447},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":133507},[133508,133510,133511,133513,133515],{"id":133409,"depth":129,"text":133509},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133417,"depth":129,"text":133418},{"id":133425,"depth":129,"text":133512},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133441,"depth":129,"text":133514},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133450,"depth":129,"text":133516},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132037,"description":133518},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133525,"title":133526,"body":133527,"description":136302,"extension":2300,"meta":136303,"navigation":132,"path":136304,"seo":136305,"stem":136306,"__hash__":136307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133528,"toc":136238},[133529,133535,133540,133543,133546,133557,133559,133628,133630,133644,133649,133654,133659,133661,133704,133706,133789,133791,133837,133843,133845,133847,133867,133869,133892,133894,133968,133970,133989,133994,133996,134000,134072,134074,134088,134092,134168,134170,134189,134193,134287,134289,134298,134305,134381,134383,134401,134405,134408,134415,134464,134466,134475,134482,134541,134543,134561,134564,134571,134630,134632,134650,134657,134714,134716,134725,134729,134734,134738,134797,134799,134817,134821,134868,134873,134876,134945,134947,134964,134971,134977,135032,135037,135040,135117,135119,135137,135143,135149,135209,135211,135230,135236,135239,135246,135299,135304,135306,135367,135376,135383,135385,135442,135447,135449,135520,135524,135579,135581,135590,135595,135601,135670,135672,135704,135710,135718,135725,135731,135796,135798,135807,135813,135894,135896,135905,135910,135924,135931,135935,135940,135968,135970,136103,136106,136143,136145,136151,136160,136165,136168,136173,136178,136184,136187,136196,136199,136201,136230,136235],[10,133530,123452,133532,11629],{"id":133531},"python-string-join-method",[18,133533,133534],{},"join()",[14,133536,123457,133537,133539],{},[18,133538,133534],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133541,133542],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133544,133545],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[29,133547,133548,133554],{},[32,133549,133550,133551,133553],{},"You call ",[18,133552,133534],{}," on the separator string",[32,133555,133556],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[49,133558,3946],{"id":3945},[54,133560,133562],{"className":56,"code":133561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,133563,133564,133597,133618],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133565,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133593,133595],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133567,4403],{"class":69},[63,133569,74],{"class":73},[63,133571,1091],{"class":81},[63,133573,117],{"class":116},[63,133575,7617],{"class":120},[63,133577,117],{"class":116},[63,133579,89],{"class":81},[63,133581,824],{"class":116},[63,133583,1156],{"class":120},[63,133585,117],{"class":116},[63,133587,89],{"class":81},[63,133589,824],{"class":116},[63,133591,133592],{"class":120},"fun",[63,133594,117],{"class":116},[63,133596,186],{"class":81},[63,133598,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133612,133614,133616],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133600,851],{"class":69},[63,133602,74],{"class":73},[63,133604,824],{"class":116},[63,133606,824],{"class":116},[63,133608,259],{"class":81},[63,133610,133611],{"class":145},"join",[63,133613,113],{"class":81},[63,133615,4445],{"class":145},[63,133617,126],{"class":81},[63,133619,133620,133622,133624,133626],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133621,140],{"class":139},[63,133623,113],{"class":81},[63,133625,875],{"class":145},[63,133627,126],{"class":81},[14,133629,163],{},[54,133631,133633],{"className":56,"code":133632,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is fun\n",[18,133634,133635],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133636,133637,133639,133641],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133638,3912],{"class":69},[63,133640,1156],{"class":73},[63,133642,133643],{"class":69}," fun\n",[14,133645,222,133646,133648],{},[18,133647,133534],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[49,133650,4014,133652,4017],{"id":133651},"what-join-does",[18,133653,133534],{},[14,133655,133656,133658],{},[18,133657,133534],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133660,11766],{},[29,133662,133663,133670,133698,133701],{},[32,133664,133665,133666,133669],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133667,133668],{},".join()"," as the separator",[32,133671,133672,133673],{},"Common separators are:\n",[29,133674,133675,133681,133687,133693],{},[32,133676,133677,133680],{},[18,133678,133679],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[32,133682,133683,133686],{},[18,133684,133685],{},"\", \""," for commas",[32,133688,133689,133692],{},[18,133690,133691],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[32,133694,133695,133697],{},[18,133696,6592],{}," for no separator",[32,133699,133700],{},"It returns a new string",[32,133702,133703],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133705,2543],{},[54,133707,133709],{"className":56,"code":133708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133710,133711,133743,133765,133769,133779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133712,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133714,4403],{"class":69},[63,133716,74],{"class":73},[63,133718,1091],{"class":81},[63,133720,117],{"class":116},[63,133722,13398],{"class":120},[63,133724,117],{"class":116},[63,133726,89],{"class":81},[63,133728,824],{"class":116},[63,133730,17752],{"class":120},[63,133732,117],{"class":116},[63,133734,89],{"class":81},[63,133736,824],{"class":116},[63,133738,13415],{"class":120},[63,133740,117],{"class":116},[63,133742,186],{"class":81},[63,133744,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133746,851],{"class":69},[63,133748,74],{"class":73},[63,133750,824],{"class":116},[63,133752,2524],{"class":120},[63,133754,117],{"class":116},[63,133756,259],{"class":81},[63,133758,133611],{"class":145},[63,133760,113],{"class":81},[63,133762,4445],{"class":145},[63,133764,126],{"class":81},[63,133766,133767],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133768,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,133770,133771,133773,133775,133777],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,133772,140],{"class":139},[63,133774,113],{"class":81},[63,133776,875],{"class":145},[63,133778,126],{"class":81},[63,133780,133781,133783,133785,133787],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,133782,140],{"class":139},[63,133784,113],{"class":81},[63,133786,4445],{"class":145},[63,133788,126],{"class":81},[14,133790,163],{},[54,133792,133794],{"className":56,"code":133793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133795,133796,133809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133797,133798,133800,133802,133805,133807],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133799,13398],{"class":69},[63,133801,89],{"class":81},[63,133803,133804],{"class":69}," green",[63,133806,89],{"class":81},[63,133808,36176],{"class":69},[63,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133812,173],{"class":81},[63,133814,193],{"class":116},[63,133816,13398],{"class":120},[63,133818,193],{"class":116},[63,133820,89],{"class":81},[63,133822,203],{"class":116},[63,133824,17752],{"class":120},[63,133826,193],{"class":116},[63,133828,89],{"class":81},[63,133830,203],{"class":116},[63,133832,13415],{"class":120},[63,133834,193],{"class":116},[63,133836,186],{"class":81},[14,133838,133839,133840,133842],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133841,133534],{}," creates a new string.",[49,133844,263],{"id":262},[14,133846,7539],{},[54,133848,133850],{"className":56,"code":133849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133851,133852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133853,133854,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133855,133856],{"class":69},"separator",[63,133858,259],{"class":81},[63,133860,133611],{"class":145},[63,133862,113],{"class":81},[63,133864,288],{"class":145},[63,133866,126],{"class":81},[486,133868,49302],{"id":49301},[29,133870,133871,133884,133889],{},[32,133872,133873,133875,133876,2524,133878,2524,133880,2528,133882],{},[18,133874,133856],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133877,133679],{},[18,133879,133685],{},[18,133881,133691],{},[18,133883,6592],{},[32,133885,133886,133888],{},[18,133887,288],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[32,133890,133891],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133893,2543],{},[54,133895,133897],{"className":56,"code":133896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133898,133899,133931,133954,133958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133902,1755],{"class":69},[63,133904,74],{"class":73},[63,133906,1091],{"class":81},[63,133908,117],{"class":116},[63,133910,827],{"class":120},[63,133912,117],{"class":116},[63,133914,89],{"class":81},[63,133916,824],{"class":116},[63,133918,1772],{"class":120},[63,133920,117],{"class":116},[63,133922,89],{"class":81},[63,133924,824],{"class":116},[63,133926,36244],{"class":120},[63,133928,117],{"class":116},[63,133930,186],{"class":81},[63,133932,133933,133935,133937,133939,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,133934,851],{"class":69},[63,133936,74],{"class":73},[63,133938,824],{"class":116},[63,133940,133941],{"class":120}," | ",[63,133943,117],{"class":116},[63,133945,259],{"class":81},[63,133947,133611],{"class":145},[63,133949,113],{"class":81},[63,133951,1818],{"class":145},[63,133953,126],{"class":81},[63,133955,133956],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,133957,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,133959,133960,133962,133964,133966],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,133961,140],{"class":139},[63,133963,113],{"class":81},[63,133965,875],{"class":145},[63,133967,126],{"class":81},[14,133969,163],{},[54,133971,133973],{"className":56,"code":133972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133974,133975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,133976,133977,133980,133982,133985,133987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,133978,133979],{"class":69},"Ana ",[63,133981,113959],{"class":73},[63,133983,133984],{"class":69}," Ben ",[63,133986,113959],{"class":73},[63,133988,36316],{"class":69},[14,133990,133991,133992,259],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[196,133993,125207],{"href":51268},[49,133995,121983],{"id":121982},[486,133997,133999],{"id":133998},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[54,134001,134003],{"className":56,"code":134002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134004,134005,134038,134058,134062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134006,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134034,134036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134008,4403],{"class":69},[63,134010,74],{"class":73},[63,134012,1091],{"class":81},[63,134014,117],{"class":116},[63,134016,7617],{"class":120},[63,134018,117],{"class":116},[63,134020,89],{"class":81},[63,134022,824],{"class":116},[63,134024,1156],{"class":120},[63,134026,117],{"class":116},[63,134028,89],{"class":81},[63,134030,824],{"class":116},[63,134032,134033],{"class":120},"easy",[63,134035,117],{"class":116},[63,134037,186],{"class":81},[63,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134041,851],{"class":69},[63,134043,74],{"class":73},[63,134045,824],{"class":116},[63,134047,824],{"class":116},[63,134049,259],{"class":81},[63,134051,133611],{"class":145},[63,134053,113],{"class":81},[63,134055,4445],{"class":145},[63,134057,126],{"class":81},[63,134059,134060],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,134061,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,134065,140],{"class":139},[63,134067,113],{"class":81},[63,134069,875],{"class":145},[63,134071,126],{"class":81},[14,134073,163],{},[54,134075,134077],{"className":56,"code":134076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is easy\n",[18,134078,134079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134080,134081,134083,134085],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134082,3912],{"class":69},[63,134084,1156],{"class":73},[63,134086,134087],{"class":69}," easy\n",[486,134089,134091],{"id":134090},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[54,134093,134095],{"className":56,"code":134094,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134096,134097,134132,134154,134158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134098,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134110,134112,134114,134116,134119,134121,134123,134125,134128,134130],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134100,342],{"class":69},[63,134102,74],{"class":73},[63,134104,1091],{"class":81},[63,134106,117],{"class":116},[63,134108,134109],{"class":120},"apples",[63,134111,117],{"class":116},[63,134113,89],{"class":81},[63,134115,824],{"class":116},[63,134117,134118],{"class":120},"bananas",[63,134120,117],{"class":116},[63,134122,89],{"class":81},[63,134124,824],{"class":116},[63,134126,134127],{"class":120},"oranges",[63,134129,117],{"class":116},[63,134131,186],{"class":81},[63,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134135,851],{"class":69},[63,134137,74],{"class":73},[63,134139,824],{"class":116},[63,134141,2524],{"class":120},[63,134143,117],{"class":116},[63,134145,259],{"class":81},[63,134147,133611],{"class":145},[63,134149,113],{"class":81},[63,134151,357],{"class":145},[63,134153,126],{"class":81},[63,134155,134156],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,134157,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,134159,134160,134162,134164,134166],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,134161,140],{"class":139},[63,134163,113],{"class":81},[63,134165,875],{"class":145},[63,134167,126],{"class":81},[14,134169,163],{},[54,134171,134173],{"className":56,"code":134172,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,134174,134175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134176,134177,134179,134181,134184,134186],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134178,134109],{"class":69},[63,134180,89],{"class":81},[63,134182,134183],{"class":69}," bananas",[63,134185,89],{"class":81},[63,134187,134188],{"class":69}," oranges\n",[486,134190,134192],{"id":134191},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[54,134194,134196],{"className":56,"code":134195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134197,134198,134255,134273,134277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134199,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134201,106],{"class":69},[63,134203,74],{"class":73},[63,134205,1091],{"class":81},[63,134207,117],{"class":116},[63,134209,134210],{"class":120},"P",[63,134212,117],{"class":116},[63,134214,89],{"class":81},[63,134216,824],{"class":116},[63,134218,12054],{"class":120},[63,134220,117],{"class":116},[63,134222,89],{"class":81},[63,134224,824],{"class":116},[63,134226,626],{"class":120},[63,134228,117],{"class":116},[63,134230,89],{"class":81},[63,134232,824],{"class":116},[63,134234,985],{"class":120},[63,134236,117],{"class":116},[63,134238,89],{"class":81},[63,134240,824],{"class":116},[63,134242,2049],{"class":120},[63,134244,117],{"class":116},[63,134246,89],{"class":81},[63,134248,824],{"class":116},[63,134250,76127],{"class":120},[63,134252,117],{"class":116},[63,134254,186],{"class":81},[63,134256,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134258,851],{"class":69},[63,134260,74],{"class":73},[63,134262,6446],{"class":116},[63,134264,259],{"class":81},[63,134266,133611],{"class":145},[63,134268,113],{"class":81},[63,134270,158],{"class":145},[63,134272,126],{"class":81},[63,134274,134275],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,134276,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,134280,140],{"class":139},[63,134282,113],{"class":81},[63,134284,875],{"class":145},[63,134286,126],{"class":81},[14,134288,163],{},[54,134290,134292],{"className":56,"code":134291,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python\n",[18,134293,134294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134295,134296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134297,134291],{"class":69},[486,134299,134301,134302,134304],{"id":134300},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,134303,133534],{}," returns the result",[54,134306,134308],{"className":56,"code":134307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,134309,134310,134343,134366,134370],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134311,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134339,134341],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134313,4403],{"class":69},[63,134315,74],{"class":73},[63,134317,1091],{"class":81},[63,134319,117],{"class":116},[63,134321,6905],{"class":120},[63,134323,117],{"class":116},[63,134325,89],{"class":81},[63,134327,824],{"class":116},[63,134329,79368],{"class":120},[63,134331,117],{"class":116},[63,134333,89],{"class":81},[63,134335,824],{"class":116},[63,134337,134338],{"class":120},"three",[63,134340,117],{"class":116},[63,134342,186],{"class":81},[63,134344,134345,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134346,134347],{"class":69},"joined_text ",[63,134349,74],{"class":73},[63,134351,824],{"class":116},[63,134353,2359],{"class":120},[63,134355,117],{"class":116},[63,134357,259],{"class":81},[63,134359,133611],{"class":145},[63,134361,113],{"class":81},[63,134363,4445],{"class":145},[63,134365,126],{"class":81},[63,134367,134368],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,134369,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,134371,134372,134374,134376,134379],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,134373,140],{"class":139},[63,134375,113],{"class":81},[63,134377,134378],{"class":145},"joined_text",[63,134380,126],{"class":81},[14,134382,163],{},[54,134384,134386],{"className":56,"code":134385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one-two-three\n",[18,134387,134388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134391,6905],{"class":69},[63,134393,2359],{"class":73},[63,134395,79368],{"class":69},[63,134397,2359],{"class":73},[63,134399,134400],{"class":69},"three\n",[49,134402,134404],{"id":134403},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134406,134407],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[486,134409,134411,134414],{"id":134410},"join-adds-spaces",[18,134412,134413],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[54,134416,134418],{"className":56,"code":134417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,134419,134420,134444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134421,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134423,4403],{"class":69},[63,134425,74],{"class":73},[63,134427,1091],{"class":81},[63,134429,117],{"class":116},[63,134431,1995],{"class":120},[63,134433,117],{"class":116},[63,134435,89],{"class":81},[63,134437,824],{"class":116},[63,134439,60864],{"class":120},[63,134441,117],{"class":116},[63,134443,186],{"class":81},[63,134445,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134447,140],{"class":139},[63,134449,113],{"class":81},[63,134451,117],{"class":116},[63,134453,824],{"class":116},[63,134455,259],{"class":81},[63,134457,133611],{"class":145},[63,134459,113],{"class":81},[63,134461,4445],{"class":145},[63,134463,100],{"class":81},[14,134465,163],{},[54,134467,134469],{"className":56,"code":134468,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n",[18,134470,134471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134472,134473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134474,134468],{"class":69},[486,134476,134478,134481],{"id":134477},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,134479,134480],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[54,134483,134485],{"className":56,"code":134484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,134486,134487,134519],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134488,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134490,13381],{"class":69},[63,134492,74],{"class":73},[63,134494,1091],{"class":81},[63,134496,117],{"class":116},[63,134498,13398],{"class":120},[63,134500,117],{"class":116},[63,134502,89],{"class":81},[63,134504,824],{"class":116},[63,134506,13415],{"class":120},[63,134508,117],{"class":116},[63,134510,89],{"class":81},[63,134512,824],{"class":116},[63,134514,17752],{"class":120},[63,134516,117],{"class":116},[63,134518,186],{"class":81},[63,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134522,140],{"class":139},[63,134524,113],{"class":81},[63,134526,117],{"class":116},[63,134528,2524],{"class":120},[63,134530,117],{"class":116},[63,134532,259],{"class":81},[63,134534,133611],{"class":145},[63,134536,113],{"class":81},[63,134538,17799],{"class":145},[63,134540,100],{"class":81},[14,134542,163],{},[54,134544,134546],{"className":56,"code":134545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, blue, green\n",[18,134547,134548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134549,134550,134552,134554,134557,134559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134551,13398],{"class":69},[63,134553,89],{"class":81},[63,134555,134556],{"class":69}," blue",[63,134558,89],{"class":81},[63,134560,36169],{"class":69},[14,134562,134563],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[486,134565,134567,134570],{"id":134566},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,134568,134569],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[54,134572,134574],{"className":56,"code":134573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134575,134576,134608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134577,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134579,43127],{"class":69},[63,134581,74],{"class":73},[63,134583,1091],{"class":81},[63,134585,117],{"class":116},[63,134587,58],{"class":120},[63,134589,117],{"class":116},[63,134591,89],{"class":81},[63,134593,824],{"class":116},[63,134595,61446],{"class":120},[63,134597,117],{"class":116},[63,134599,89],{"class":81},[63,134601,824],{"class":116},[63,134603,133611],{"class":120},[63,134605,117],{"class":116},[63,134607,186],{"class":81},[63,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134611,140],{"class":139},[63,134613,113],{"class":81},[63,134615,117],{"class":116},[63,134617,2359],{"class":120},[63,134619,117],{"class":116},[63,134621,259],{"class":81},[63,134623,133611],{"class":145},[63,134625,113],{"class":81},[63,134627,43159],{"class":145},[63,134629,100],{"class":81},[14,134631,163],{},[54,134633,134635],{"className":56,"code":134634,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python-string-join\n",[18,134636,134637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134638,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134640,58],{"class":69},[63,134642,2359],{"class":73},[63,134644,61446],{"class":69},[63,134646,2359],{"class":73},[63,134648,134649],{"class":69},"join\n",[486,134651,134653,134656],{"id":134652},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134654,134655],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[54,134658,134660],{"className":56,"code":134659,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134661,134662,134695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134663,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134691,134693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134665,113031],{"class":69},[63,134667,74],{"class":73},[63,134669,1091],{"class":81},[63,134671,117],{"class":116},[63,134673,1447],{"class":120},[63,134675,117],{"class":116},[63,134677,89],{"class":81},[63,134679,824],{"class":116},[63,134681,30891],{"class":120},[63,134683,117],{"class":116},[63,134685,89],{"class":81},[63,134687,824],{"class":116},[63,134689,134690],{"class":120},"C",[63,134692,117],{"class":116},[63,134694,186],{"class":81},[63,134696,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134712],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134698,140],{"class":139},[63,134700,113],{"class":81},[63,134702,6592],{"class":116},[63,134704,259],{"class":81},[63,134706,133611],{"class":145},[63,134708,113],{"class":81},[63,134710,134711],{"class":145},"chars",[63,134713,100],{"class":81},[14,134715,163],{},[54,134717,134719],{"className":56,"code":134718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ABC\n",[18,134720,134721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134722,134723],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134724,134718],{"class":34746},[49,134726,134728],{"id":134727},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134730,134731,134733],{},[18,134732,133534],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[486,134735,134737],{"id":134736},"this-works","This works",[54,134739,134741],{"className":56,"code":134740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134742,134743,134775],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134744,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134746,731],{"class":69},[63,134748,74],{"class":73},[63,134750,1091],{"class":81},[63,134752,117],{"class":116},[63,134754,741],{"class":120},[63,134756,117],{"class":116},[63,134758,89],{"class":81},[63,134760,824],{"class":116},[63,134762,16051],{"class":120},[63,134764,117],{"class":116},[63,134766,89],{"class":81},[63,134768,824],{"class":116},[63,134770,37132],{"class":120},[63,134772,117],{"class":116},[63,134774,186],{"class":81},[63,134776,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134778,140],{"class":139},[63,134780,113],{"class":81},[63,134782,117],{"class":116},[63,134784,2524],{"class":120},[63,134786,117],{"class":116},[63,134788,259],{"class":81},[63,134790,133611],{"class":145},[63,134792,113],{"class":81},[63,134794,763],{"class":145},[63,134796,100],{"class":81},[14,134798,163],{},[54,134800,134802],{"className":56,"code":134801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134803,134804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134805,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134807,741],{"class":85},[63,134809,89],{"class":81},[63,134811,746],{"class":85},[63,134813,89],{"class":81},[63,134815,134816],{"class":85}," 30\n",[486,134818,134820],{"id":134819},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[54,134822,134824],{"className":56,"code":134823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134825,134826,134846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134827,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134829,731],{"class":69},[63,134831,74],{"class":73},[63,134833,1091],{"class":81},[63,134835,86],{"class":85},[63,134837,89],{"class":81},[63,134839,92],{"class":85},[63,134841,89],{"class":81},[63,134843,97],{"class":85},[63,134845,186],{"class":81},[63,134847,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134849,140],{"class":139},[63,134851,113],{"class":81},[63,134853,117],{"class":116},[63,134855,2524],{"class":120},[63,134857,117],{"class":116},[63,134859,259],{"class":81},[63,134861,133611],{"class":145},[63,134863,113],{"class":81},[63,134865,763],{"class":145},[63,134867,100],{"class":81},[14,134869,90408,134870,134872],{},[18,134871,1032],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134874,134875],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[54,134877,134879],{"className":56,"code":134878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134880,134881,134901,134931,134935],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134884,731],{"class":69},[63,134886,74],{"class":73},[63,134888,1091],{"class":81},[63,134890,86],{"class":85},[63,134892,89],{"class":81},[63,134894,92],{"class":85},[63,134896,89],{"class":81},[63,134898,97],{"class":85},[63,134900,186],{"class":81},[63,134902,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,134904,851],{"class":69},[63,134906,74],{"class":73},[63,134908,824],{"class":116},[63,134910,2524],{"class":120},[63,134912,117],{"class":116},[63,134914,259],{"class":81},[63,134916,133611],{"class":145},[63,134918,113],{"class":81},[63,134920,40149],{"class":139},[63,134922,113],{"class":81},[63,134924,3779],{"class":77},[63,134926,89],{"class":81},[63,134928,4220],{"class":145},[63,134930,100],{"class":81},[63,134932,134933],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,134934,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,134936,134937,134939,134941,134943],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,134938,140],{"class":139},[63,134940,113],{"class":81},[63,134942,875],{"class":145},[63,134944,126],{"class":81},[14,134946,163],{},[54,134948,134950],{"className":56,"code":134949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134951,134952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134955,86],{"class":85},[63,134957,89],{"class":81},[63,134959,92],{"class":85},[63,134961,89],{"class":81},[63,134963,2913],{"class":85},[14,134965,134966,134967,259],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[196,134968,3912,134969,3845],{"href":42465},[18,134970,47975],{},[486,134972,134974,134976],{"id":134973},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134975,4115],{}," values do not work directly",[54,134978,134980],{"className":56,"code":134979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134981,134982,135010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,134983,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,134985,731],{"class":69},[63,134987,74],{"class":73},[63,134989,1091],{"class":81},[63,134991,117],{"class":116},[63,134993,408],{"class":120},[63,134995,117],{"class":116},[63,134997,89],{"class":81},[63,134999,4187],{"class":1205},[63,135001,89],{"class":81},[63,135003,824],{"class":116},[63,135005,427],{"class":120},[63,135007,117],{"class":116},[63,135009,186],{"class":81},[63,135011,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135013,140],{"class":139},[63,135015,113],{"class":81},[63,135017,117],{"class":116},[63,135019,2524],{"class":120},[63,135021,117],{"class":116},[63,135023,259],{"class":81},[63,135025,133611],{"class":145},[63,135027,113],{"class":81},[63,135029,763],{"class":145},[63,135031,100],{"class":81},[14,135033,135034,135035,259],{},"This also causes a ",[18,135036,1032],{},[14,135038,135039],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[54,135041,135043],{"className":56,"code":135042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135044,135045,135073,135103,135107],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135046,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135048,731],{"class":69},[63,135050,74],{"class":73},[63,135052,1091],{"class":81},[63,135054,117],{"class":116},[63,135056,408],{"class":120},[63,135058,117],{"class":116},[63,135060,89],{"class":81},[63,135062,4187],{"class":1205},[63,135064,89],{"class":81},[63,135066,824],{"class":116},[63,135068,427],{"class":120},[63,135070,117],{"class":116},[63,135072,186],{"class":81},[63,135074,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135076,851],{"class":69},[63,135078,74],{"class":73},[63,135080,824],{"class":116},[63,135082,2524],{"class":120},[63,135084,117],{"class":116},[63,135086,259],{"class":81},[63,135088,133611],{"class":145},[63,135090,113],{"class":81},[63,135092,40149],{"class":139},[63,135094,113],{"class":81},[63,135096,3779],{"class":77},[63,135098,89],{"class":81},[63,135100,4220],{"class":145},[63,135102,100],{"class":81},[63,135104,135105],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,135106,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,135108,135109,135111,135113,135115],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,135110,140],{"class":139},[63,135112,113],{"class":81},[63,135114,875],{"class":145},[63,135116,126],{"class":81},[14,135118,163],{},[54,135120,135122],{"className":56,"code":135121,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,135123,135124],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135125,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135127,408],{"class":69},[63,135129,89],{"class":81},[63,135131,4187],{"class":1205},[63,135133,89],{"class":81},[63,135135,135136],{"class":69}," banana\n",[14,135138,135139,135140,135142],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,135141,4115],{}," values instead of converting them.",[486,135144,135146,135148],{"id":135145},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,135147,133534],{}," also works with tuples",[54,135150,135152],{"className":56,"code":135151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,135153,135154,135186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135155,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135157,1755],{"class":69},[63,135159,74],{"class":73},[63,135161,1687],{"class":81},[63,135163,117],{"class":116},[63,135165,7997],{"class":120},[63,135167,117],{"class":116},[63,135169,89],{"class":81},[63,135171,824],{"class":116},[63,135173,131540],{"class":120},[63,135175,117],{"class":116},[63,135177,89],{"class":81},[63,135179,824],{"class":116},[63,135181,1429],{"class":120},[63,135183,117],{"class":116},[63,135185,126],{"class":81},[63,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135189,140],{"class":139},[63,135191,113],{"class":81},[63,135193,117],{"class":116},[63,135195,135196],{"class":120}," \u002F ",[63,135198,117],{"class":116},[63,135200,259],{"class":81},[63,135202,133611],{"class":145},[63,135204,113],{"class":81},[63,135206,1818],{"class":145},[63,135208,100],{"class":81},[14,135210,163],{},[54,135212,135214],{"className":56,"code":135213,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,135215,135216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135217,135218,135221,135223,135226,135228],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135219,135220],{"class":69},"Sam ",[63,135222,127344],{"class":73},[63,135224,135225],{"class":69}," Lee ",[63,135227,127344],{"class":73},[63,135229,22627],{"class":69},[49,135231,135233,135234],{"id":135232},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,135235,133534],{},[14,135237,135238],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[486,135240,135242,135243,135245],{"id":135241},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,135244,1032],{}," because not all items are strings",[54,135247,135249],{"className":56,"code":135248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,135250,135251,135279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135254,342],{"class":69},[63,135256,74],{"class":73},[63,135258,1091],{"class":81},[63,135260,117],{"class":116},[63,135262,196],{"class":120},[63,135264,117],{"class":116},[63,135266,89],{"class":81},[63,135268,92],{"class":85},[63,135270,89],{"class":81},[63,135272,824],{"class":116},[63,135274,215],{"class":120},[63,135276,117],{"class":116},[63,135278,186],{"class":81},[63,135280,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135282,140],{"class":139},[63,135284,113],{"class":81},[63,135286,117],{"class":116},[63,135288,824],{"class":116},[63,135290,259],{"class":81},[63,135292,133611],{"class":145},[63,135294,113],{"class":81},[63,135296,357],{"class":145},[63,135298,100],{"class":81},[14,135300,48802,135301,135303],{},[18,135302,2394],{}," is an integer.",[14,135305,39551],{},[54,135307,135309],{"className":56,"code":135308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,135310,135311,135339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135312,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135314,342],{"class":69},[63,135316,74],{"class":73},[63,135318,1091],{"class":81},[63,135320,117],{"class":116},[63,135322,196],{"class":120},[63,135324,117],{"class":116},[63,135326,89],{"class":81},[63,135328,92],{"class":85},[63,135330,89],{"class":81},[63,135332,824],{"class":116},[63,135334,215],{"class":120},[63,135336,117],{"class":116},[63,135338,186],{"class":81},[63,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135342,140],{"class":139},[63,135344,113],{"class":81},[63,135346,117],{"class":116},[63,135348,824],{"class":116},[63,135350,259],{"class":81},[63,135352,133611],{"class":145},[63,135354,113],{"class":81},[63,135356,40149],{"class":139},[63,135358,113],{"class":81},[63,135360,3779],{"class":77},[63,135362,89],{"class":81},[63,135364,6285],{"class":145},[63,135366,1965],{"class":81},[14,135368,135369,135370,259],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[196,135371,25970,135373],{"href":135372},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,135374,135375],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[486,135377,135379,135380,135382],{"id":135378},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,135381,133534],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135384,1900],{},[54,135386,135388],{"className":56,"code":135387,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,135389,135390,135422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135391,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135393,4403],{"class":69},[63,135395,74],{"class":73},[63,135397,1091],{"class":81},[63,135399,117],{"class":116},[63,135401,7617],{"class":120},[63,135403,117],{"class":116},[63,135405,89],{"class":81},[63,135407,824],{"class":116},[63,135409,1156],{"class":120},[63,135411,117],{"class":116},[63,135413,89],{"class":81},[63,135415,824],{"class":116},[63,135417,133592],{"class":120},[63,135419,117],{"class":116},[63,135421,186],{"class":81},[63,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135425,851],{"class":69},[63,135427,74],{"class":73},[63,135429,6488],{"class":69},[63,135431,259],{"class":81},[63,135433,133611],{"class":145},[63,135435,113],{"class":81},[63,135437,117],{"class":116},[63,135439,824],{"class":116},[63,135441,126],{"class":81},[14,135443,135444,135446],{},[18,135445,133534],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135448,11113],{},[54,135450,135452],{"className":56,"code":135451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135453,135454,135486,135506,135510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135455,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135457,4403],{"class":69},[63,135459,74],{"class":73},[63,135461,1091],{"class":81},[63,135463,117],{"class":116},[63,135465,7617],{"class":120},[63,135467,117],{"class":116},[63,135469,89],{"class":81},[63,135471,824],{"class":116},[63,135473,1156],{"class":120},[63,135475,117],{"class":116},[63,135477,89],{"class":81},[63,135479,824],{"class":116},[63,135481,133592],{"class":120},[63,135483,117],{"class":116},[63,135485,186],{"class":81},[63,135487,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135489,851],{"class":69},[63,135491,74],{"class":73},[63,135493,824],{"class":116},[63,135495,824],{"class":116},[63,135497,259],{"class":81},[63,135499,133611],{"class":145},[63,135501,113],{"class":81},[63,135503,4445],{"class":145},[63,135505,126],{"class":81},[63,135507,135508],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,135509,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,135511,135512,135514,135516,135518],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,135513,140],{"class":139},[63,135515,113],{"class":81},[63,135517,875],{"class":145},[63,135519,126],{"class":81},[486,135521,135523],{"id":135522},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[54,135525,135527],{"className":56,"code":135526,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,135528,135529,135561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135532,4403],{"class":69},[63,135534,74],{"class":73},[63,135536,1091],{"class":81},[63,135538,117],{"class":116},[63,135540,6905],{"class":120},[63,135542,117],{"class":116},[63,135544,89],{"class":81},[63,135546,824],{"class":116},[63,135548,79368],{"class":120},[63,135550,117],{"class":116},[63,135552,89],{"class":81},[63,135554,824],{"class":116},[63,135556,134338],{"class":120},[63,135558,117],{"class":116},[63,135560,186],{"class":81},[63,135562,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135564,140],{"class":139},[63,135566,113],{"class":81},[63,135568,6592],{"class":116},[63,135570,259],{"class":81},[63,135572,133611],{"class":145},[63,135574,113],{"class":81},[63,135576,4445],{"class":145},[63,135578,100],{"class":81},[14,135580,163],{},[54,135582,135584],{"className":56,"code":135583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"onetwothree\n",[18,135585,135586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135587,135588],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135589,135583],{"class":69},[14,135591,135592,135593,6951],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135594,133679],{},[486,135596,135598,135599,131802],{"id":135597},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135600,133534],{},[54,135602,135604],{"className":56,"code":135603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135605,135606,135638,135656,135660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135607,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135609,4403],{"class":69},[63,135611,74],{"class":73},[63,135613,1091],{"class":81},[63,135615,117],{"class":116},[63,135617,196],{"class":120},[63,135619,117],{"class":116},[63,135621,89],{"class":81},[63,135623,824],{"class":116},[63,135625,206],{"class":120},[63,135627,117],{"class":116},[63,135629,89],{"class":81},[63,135631,824],{"class":116},[63,135633,215],{"class":120},[63,135635,117],{"class":116},[63,135637,186],{"class":81},[63,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135641,117],{"class":43619},[63,135643,2359],{"class":43623},[63,135645,117],{"class":43619},[63,135647,259],{"class":81},[63,135649,133611],{"class":145},[63,135651,113],{"class":81},[63,135653,4445],{"class":145},[63,135655,126],{"class":81},[63,135657,135658],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,135659,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,135663,140],{"class":139},[63,135665,113],{"class":81},[63,135667,4445],{"class":145},[63,135669,126],{"class":81},[14,135671,163],{},[54,135673,135674],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,135675,135676],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135677,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135679,173],{"class":81},[63,135681,193],{"class":116},[63,135683,196],{"class":120},[63,135685,193],{"class":116},[63,135687,89],{"class":81},[63,135689,203],{"class":116},[63,135691,206],{"class":120},[63,135693,193],{"class":116},[63,135695,89],{"class":81},[63,135697,203],{"class":116},[63,135699,215],{"class":120},[63,135701,193],{"class":116},[63,135703,186],{"class":81},[14,135705,135706,135707,135709],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135708,133534],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[49,135711,135713,135715,135716],{"id":135712},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135714,133534],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135717,2397],{},[14,135719,10896,135720,4726,135722,135724],{},[18,135721,133534],{},[18,135723,2397],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[486,135726,222,135728,135730],{"id":135727},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135729,2397],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[54,135732,135734],{"className":56,"code":135733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135735,135736,135749,135762,135782,135786],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135737,135738,135741,135743,135745,135747],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135739,135740],{"class":69},"first ",[63,135742,74],{"class":73},[63,135744,824],{"class":116},[63,135746,35161],{"class":120},[63,135748,3694],{"class":116},[63,135750,135751,135754,135756,135758,135760],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135752,135753],{"class":69},"second ",[63,135755,74],{"class":73},[63,135757,824],{"class":116},[63,135759,89837],{"class":120},[63,135761,3694],{"class":116},[63,135763,135764,135766,135768,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,135765,851],{"class":69},[63,135767,74],{"class":73},[63,135769,135770],{"class":69}," first ",[63,135772,2397],{"class":73},[63,135774,824],{"class":116},[63,135776,824],{"class":116},[63,135778,2789],{"class":73},[63,135780,135781],{"class":69}," second\n",[63,135783,135784],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,135785,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,135787,135788,135790,135792,135794],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,135789,140],{"class":139},[63,135791,113],{"class":81},[63,135793,875],{"class":145},[63,135795,126],{"class":81},[14,135797,163],{},[54,135799,135801],{"className":56,"code":135800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello World\n",[18,135802,135803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135804,135805],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135806,135800],{"class":69},[486,135808,222,135810,135812],{"id":135809},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135811,133534],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[54,135814,135816],{"className":56,"code":135815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135817,135818,135860,135880,135884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135819,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135839,135841,135843,135845,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135821,4403],{"class":69},[63,135823,74],{"class":73},[63,135825,1091],{"class":81},[63,135827,117],{"class":116},[63,135829,7617],{"class":120},[63,135831,117],{"class":116},[63,135833,89],{"class":81},[63,135835,824],{"class":116},[63,135837,135838],{"class":120},"makes",[63,135840,117],{"class":116},[63,135842,89],{"class":81},[63,135844,824],{"class":116},[63,135846,135847],{"class":120},"this",[63,135849,117],{"class":116},[63,135851,89],{"class":81},[63,135853,824],{"class":116},[63,135855,134033],{"class":120},[63,135857,117],{"class":116},[63,135859,186],{"class":81},[63,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135863,851],{"class":69},[63,135865,74],{"class":73},[63,135867,824],{"class":116},[63,135869,824],{"class":116},[63,135871,259],{"class":81},[63,135873,133611],{"class":145},[63,135875,113],{"class":81},[63,135877,4445],{"class":145},[63,135879,126],{"class":81},[63,135881,135882],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,135883,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,135885,135886,135888,135890,135892],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,135887,140],{"class":139},[63,135889,113],{"class":81},[63,135891,875],{"class":145},[63,135893,126],{"class":81},[14,135895,163],{},[54,135897,135899],{"className":56,"code":135898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135900,135901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135902,135903],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135904,135898],{"class":69},[14,135906,135907,135909],{},[18,135908,133534],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[29,135911,135912,135915,135918],{},[32,135913,135914],{},"You already have a list of strings",[32,135916,135917],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[32,135919,135920,135921,135923],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135922,2397],{}," operators",[14,135925,135926,135927,259],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[196,135928,135930],{"href":135929},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[49,135932,135934],{"id":135933},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135936,9192,135937,135939],{},[18,135938,133534],{}," is not working, check these first:",[29,135941,135942,135945,135950,135959,135965],{},[32,135943,135944],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[32,135946,135947,135948],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135949,4115],{},[32,135951,135952,135953,11398,135956],{},"You may have written ",[18,135954,135955],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135957,135958],{},"string.join(...)",[32,135960,135961,135962,135964],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135963,133534],{}," to change the original iterable",[32,135966,135967],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135969,94477],{},[54,135971,135973],{"className":56,"code":135972,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135974,135975,135989,135999,136023,136063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,135978,140],{"class":139},[63,135980,113],{"class":81},[63,135982,3557],{"class":77},[63,135984,113],{"class":81},[63,135986,357],{"class":145},[63,135988,100],{"class":81},[63,135990,135991,135993,135995,135997],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,135992,140],{"class":139},[63,135994,113],{"class":81},[63,135996,357],{"class":145},[63,135998,126],{"class":81},[63,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136002,140],{"class":139},[63,136004,2071],{"class":81},[63,136006,3557],{"class":77},[63,136008,113],{"class":81},[63,136010,23603],{"class":145},[63,136012,3997],{"class":81},[63,136014,4211],{"class":1155},[63,136016,6280],{"class":145},[63,136018,4217],{"class":1155},[63,136020,6285],{"class":145},[63,136022,2080],{"class":81},[63,136024,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136026,140],{"class":139},[63,136028,113],{"class":81},[63,136030,193],{"class":116},[63,136032,203],{"class":116},[63,136034,259],{"class":81},[63,136036,133611],{"class":145},[63,136038,2071],{"class":81},[63,136040,193],{"class":116},[63,136042,196],{"class":120},[63,136044,193],{"class":116},[63,136046,89],{"class":81},[63,136048,203],{"class":116},[63,136050,206],{"class":120},[63,136052,193],{"class":116},[63,136054,89],{"class":81},[63,136056,203],{"class":116},[63,136058,215],{"class":120},[63,136060,193],{"class":116},[63,136062,3334],{"class":81},[63,136064,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,136066,140],{"class":139},[63,136068,113],{"class":81},[63,136070,193],{"class":116},[63,136072,2524],{"class":120},[63,136074,193],{"class":116},[63,136076,259],{"class":81},[63,136078,133611],{"class":145},[63,136080,113],{"class":81},[63,136082,40149],{"class":139},[63,136084,113],{"class":81},[63,136086,3779],{"class":77},[63,136088,89],{"class":81},[63,136090,1091],{"class":81},[63,136092,86],{"class":85},[63,136094,89],{"class":81},[63,136096,92],{"class":85},[63,136098,89],{"class":81},[63,136100,97],{"class":85},[63,136102,37555],{"class":81},[14,136104,136105],{},"What these checks do:",[29,136107,136108,136116,136122,136128,136137],{},[32,136109,136110,136113,136114,1047],{},[18,136111,136112],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,136115,357],{},[32,136117,136118,136121],{},[18,136119,136120],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[32,136123,136124,136127],{},[18,136125,136126],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[32,136129,136130,136133,136134,136136],{},[18,136131,136132],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,136135,133534],{}," behavior",[32,136138,136139,136142],{},[18,136140,136141],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[49,136144,2165],{"id":2164},[486,136146,13011,136148,136150],{"id":136147},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,136149,133534],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136152,136153,136154,136156,136157,259],{},"Not directly. ",[18,136155,133534],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,136158,136159],{},"map(str, values)",[486,136161,13011,136163,57444],{"id":136162},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,136164,133534],{},[14,136166,136167],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[486,136169,28619,136171,62907],{"id":136170},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,136172,133534],{},[14,136174,42442,136175,136177],{},[18,136176,133534],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[486,136179,5469,136181,40250],{"id":136180},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,136182,136183],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136185,136186],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[486,136188,136190,136191,136193,136194,2827],{"id":136189},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,136192,1032],{}," when using ",[18,136195,133534],{},[14,136197,136198],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[49,136200,2219],{"id":2218},[29,136202,136203,136208,136214,136220,136226],{},[32,136204,136205],{},[196,136206,136207],{"href":135929},"How to join strings in Python",[32,136209,136210],{},[196,136211,126452,136212,11046],{"href":129139},[18,136213,60804],{},[32,136215,136216],{},[196,136217,3912,136218,3845],{"href":42465},[18,136219,47975],{},[32,136221,136222],{},[196,136223,30639,136224],{"href":135372},[18,136225,135375],{},[32,136227,136228],{},[196,136229,125207],{"href":51268},[14,136231,97447,136232,136234],{},[18,136233,133534],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2259,136236,136237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":136239},[136240,136241,136243,136246,136253,136263,136271,136281,136288,136289,136301],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":133651,"depth":103,"text":136242},"What join() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":136244},[136245],{"id":49301,"depth":129,"text":49302},{"id":121982,"depth":103,"text":121983,"children":136247},[136248,136249,136250,136251],{"id":133998,"depth":129,"text":133999},{"id":134090,"depth":129,"text":134091},{"id":134191,"depth":129,"text":134192},{"id":134300,"depth":129,"text":136252},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134403,"depth":103,"text":134404,"children":136254},[136255,136257,136259,136261],{"id":134410,"depth":129,"text":136256},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134477,"depth":129,"text":136258},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134566,"depth":129,"text":136260},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134652,"depth":129,"text":136262},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134727,"depth":103,"text":134728,"children":136264},[136265,136266,136267,136269],{"id":134736,"depth":129,"text":134737},{"id":134819,"depth":129,"text":134820},{"id":134973,"depth":129,"text":136268},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135145,"depth":129,"text":136270},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135232,"depth":103,"text":136272,"children":136273},"Common errors with join()",[136274,136276,136278,136279],{"id":135241,"depth":129,"text":136275},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135378,"depth":129,"text":136277},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135522,"depth":129,"text":135523},{"id":135597,"depth":129,"text":136280},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135712,"depth":103,"text":136282,"children":136283},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136284,136286],{"id":135727,"depth":129,"text":136285},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135809,"depth":129,"text":136287},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135933,"depth":103,"text":135934},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":136290},[136291,136293,136295,136297,136299],{"id":136147,"depth":129,"text":136292},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136162,"depth":129,"text":136294},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136170,"depth":129,"text":136296},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136180,"depth":129,"text":136298},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136189,"depth":129,"text":136300},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133526,"description":136302},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136309,"title":136310,"body":136311,"description":137879,"extension":2300,"meta":137880,"navigation":132,"path":137881,"seo":137882,"stem":137883,"__hash__":137884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136312,"toc":137846},[136313,136318,136323,136325,136339,136384,136391,136396,136401,136403,136419,136428,136430,136432,136447,136449,136459,136461,136523,136525,136528,136589,136591,136607,136609,136622,136625,136672,136674,136680,136683,136686,136746,136754,136840,136844,136849,136851,136865,136868,136953,136956,137014,137025,137080,137082,137089,137095,137101,137145,137148,137195,137197,137199,137206,137208,137239,137242,137244,137275,137279,137282,137284,137324,137326,137369,137375,137380,137382,137409,137414,137417,137466,137470,137473,137548,137559,137562,137619,137626,137632,137640,137645,137652,137659,137677,137679,137733,137741,137743,137748,137751,137757,137763,137768,137771,137777,137783,137790,137798,137800,137843],[10,136314,123452,136316,11629],{"id":136315},"python-string-lower-method",[18,136317,124182],{},[14,136319,123457,136320,136322],{},[18,136321,124182],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136324,24380],{},[29,136326,136327,136330,136333,136336],{},[32,136328,136329],{},"convert text to lowercase",[32,136331,136332],{},"compare text without case differences",[32,136334,136335],{},"clean up user input",[32,136337,136338],{},"make simple text matching easier",[54,136340,136342],{"className":56,"code":136341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,136343,136344,136357,136371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136347,34981],{"class":69},[63,136349,74],{"class":73},[63,136351,824],{"class":116},[63,136353,136354],{"class":120},"Hello WORLD",[63,136356,3694],{"class":116},[63,136358,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136360,851],{"class":69},[63,136362,74],{"class":73},[63,136364,43132],{"class":69},[63,136366,259],{"class":81},[63,136368,8957],{"class":145},[63,136370,279],{"class":81},[63,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136374,140],{"class":139},[63,136376,113],{"class":81},[63,136378,875],{"class":145},[63,136380,3997],{"class":81},[63,136382,136383],{"class":1910},"  # hello world\n",[14,136385,136386,89060,136388,136390],{},[1217,136387,83918],{},[18,136389,124182],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[49,136392,4014,136394,4017],{"id":136393},"what-lower-does",[18,136395,124182],{},[14,136397,136398,136400],{},[18,136399,124182],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136402,13357],{},[29,136404,136405,136410,136413,136416],{},[32,136406,136407,136409],{},[18,136408,124182],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[32,136411,136412],{},"It works on string objects",[32,136414,136415],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[32,136417,136418],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136420,125204,136421,136425,136426,259],{},[196,136422,136424],{"href":136423},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[196,136427,51269],{"href":51268},[49,136429,263],{"id":262},[14,136431,2495],{},[54,136433,136435],{"className":56,"code":136434,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.lower()\n",[18,136436,136437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136438,136439,136441,136443,136445],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136440,61446],{"class":69},[63,136442,259],{"class":81},[63,136444,8957],{"class":145},[63,136446,279],{"class":81},[14,136448,43941],{},[29,136450,136451,136453,136456],{},[32,136452,97625],{},[32,136454,136455],{},"You call it directly on a string",[32,136457,136458],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136460,2543],{},[54,136462,136464],{"className":56,"code":136463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,136465,136466,136489,136493,136506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136467,136468,136470,136472,136474,136477,136479,136481,136483,136486],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136469,140],{"class":139},[63,136471,113],{"class":81},[63,136473,117],{"class":116},[63,136475,136476],{"class":120},"HELLO",[63,136478,117],{"class":116},[63,136480,259],{"class":81},[63,136482,8957],{"class":145},[63,136484,136485],{"class":81},"())",[63,136487,136488],{"class":1910},"  # hello\n",[63,136490,136491],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136492,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501,136504],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136496,8194],{"class":69},[63,136498,74],{"class":73},[63,136500,824],{"class":116},[63,136502,136503],{"class":120},"PyThOn",[63,136505,3694],{"class":116},[63,136507,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136509,140],{"class":139},[63,136511,113],{"class":81},[63,136513,816],{"class":145},[63,136515,259],{"class":81},[63,136517,8957],{"class":145},[63,136519,136485],{"class":81},[63,136521,136522],{"class":1910},"  # python\n",[49,136524,11783],{"id":11782},[14,136526,136527],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[54,136529,136531],{"className":56,"code":136530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,136532,136533,136545,136549,136564,136568,136579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136536,34981],{"class":69},[63,136538,74],{"class":73},[63,136540,824],{"class":116},[63,136542,136354],{"class":120},[63,136544,3694],{"class":116},[63,136546,136547],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136548,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136550,136551,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136552,136553],{"class":69},"lower_text ",[63,136555,74],{"class":73},[63,136557,43132],{"class":69},[63,136559,259],{"class":81},[63,136561,8957],{"class":145},[63,136563,279],{"class":81},[63,136565,136566],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136567,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136569,136570,136572,136574,136577],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,136571,140],{"class":139},[63,136573,113],{"class":81},[63,136575,136576],{"class":145},"lower_text",[63,136578,126],{"class":81},[63,136580,136581,136583,136585,136587],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,136582,140],{"class":139},[63,136584,113],{"class":81},[63,136586,35002],{"class":145},[63,136588,126],{"class":81},[14,136590,163],{},[54,136592,136594],{"className":56,"code":136593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136595,136596,136600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136597,136598],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136599,134468],{"class":69},[63,136601,136602,136604],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136603,131868],{"class":69},[63,136605,136606],{"class":34746},"WORLD\n",[14,136608,24900],{},[29,136610,136611,136616],{},[32,136612,136613,136615],{},[18,136614,124182],{}," returns the lowercase result",[32,136617,136618,136619,136621],{},"the original ",[18,136620,35002],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136623,136624],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[54,136626,136628],{"className":56,"code":136627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136629,136630,136642,136656,136660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136633,34981],{"class":69},[63,136635,74],{"class":73},[63,136637,824],{"class":116},[63,136639,136354],{"class":120},[63,136641,3694],{"class":116},[63,136643,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136645,34981],{"class":69},[63,136647,74],{"class":73},[63,136649,43132],{"class":69},[63,136651,259],{"class":81},[63,136653,8957],{"class":145},[63,136655,279],{"class":81},[63,136657,136658],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136659,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136670],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136663,140],{"class":139},[63,136665,113],{"class":81},[63,136667,35002],{"class":145},[63,136669,3997],{"class":81},[63,136671,136383],{"class":1910},[49,136673,17715],{"id":17714},[14,136675,136676,22269,136678,259],{},[18,136677,124182],{},[1217,136679,61446],{},[14,136681,136682],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136684,136685],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[54,136687,136689],{"className":56,"code":136688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136690,136691,136705,136709,136732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136692,136693,136696,136698,136700,136703],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136694,136695],{"class":69},"answer ",[63,136697,74],{"class":73},[63,136699,824],{"class":116},[63,136701,136702],{"class":120},"YES",[63,136704,3694],{"class":116},[63,136706,136707],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136708,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136710,136711,136713,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136712,7318],{"class":1155},[63,136714,136715],{"class":69}," answer",[63,136717,259],{"class":81},[63,136719,8957],{"class":145},[63,136721,7686],{"class":81},[63,136723,6728],{"class":73},[63,136725,824],{"class":116},[63,136727,8974],{"class":120},[63,136729,117],{"class":116},[63,136731,6713],{"class":81},[63,136733,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136735,8386],{"class":139},[63,136737,113],{"class":81},[63,136739,117],{"class":116},[63,136741,96934],{"class":120},[63,136743,117],{"class":116},[63,136745,126],{"class":81},[14,136747,136748,136749,821],{},"This is especially useful with ",[196,136750,136751,136752,2638],{"href":8534},"the ",[18,136753,3294],{},[54,136755,136757],{"className":56,"code":136756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136758,136759,136778,136782,136804,136819,136825],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136760,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771,136774,136776],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136762,136695],{"class":69},[63,136764,74],{"class":73},[63,136766,8557],{"class":139},[63,136768,113],{"class":81},[63,136770,117],{"class":116},[63,136772,136773],{"class":120},"Type yes or no: ",[63,136775,117],{"class":116},[63,136777,126],{"class":81},[63,136779,136780],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136781,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136783,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136785,7318],{"class":1155},[63,136787,136715],{"class":69},[63,136789,259],{"class":81},[63,136791,8957],{"class":145},[63,136793,7686],{"class":81},[63,136795,6728],{"class":73},[63,136797,824],{"class":116},[63,136799,8974],{"class":120},[63,136801,117],{"class":116},[63,136803,6713],{"class":81},[63,136805,136806,136808,136810,136812,136815,136817],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136807,8386],{"class":139},[63,136809,113],{"class":81},[63,136811,117],{"class":116},[63,136813,136814],{"class":120},"You typed yes",[63,136816,117],{"class":116},[63,136818,126],{"class":81},[63,136820,136821,136823],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,136822,27724],{"class":1155},[63,136824,6713],{"class":81},[63,136826,136827,136829,136831,136833,136836,136838],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,136828,8386],{"class":139},[63,136830,113],{"class":81},[63,136832,117],{"class":116},[63,136834,136835],{"class":120},"You typed something else",[63,136837,117],{"class":116},[63,136839,126],{"class":81},[49,136841,136843],{"id":136842},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136845,136846,136848],{},[18,136847,124182],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136850,7663],{},[29,136852,136853,136856,136859,136862],{},[32,136854,136855],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[32,136857,136858],{},"Make text matching easier",[32,136860,136861],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[32,136863,136864],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136866,136867],{},"Example: checking user input",[54,136869,136871],{"className":56,"code":136870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136872,136873,136891,136895,136917,136932,136938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136874,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136876,45250],{"class":69},[63,136878,74],{"class":73},[63,136880,8557],{"class":139},[63,136882,113],{"class":81},[63,136884,117],{"class":116},[63,136886,45261],{"class":120},[63,136888,117],{"class":116},[63,136890,126],{"class":81},[63,136892,136893],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136894,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136896,136897,136899,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136898,7318],{"class":1155},[63,136900,36146],{"class":69},[63,136902,259],{"class":81},[63,136904,8957],{"class":145},[63,136906,7686],{"class":81},[63,136908,6728],{"class":73},[63,136910,824],{"class":116},[63,136912,13415],{"class":120},[63,136914,117],{"class":116},[63,136916,6713],{"class":81},[63,136918,136919,136921,136923,136925,136928,136930],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,136920,8386],{"class":139},[63,136922,113],{"class":81},[63,136924,117],{"class":116},[63,136926,136927],{"class":120},"Nice choice!",[63,136929,117],{"class":116},[63,136931,126],{"class":81},[63,136933,136934,136936],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,136935,27724],{"class":1155},[63,136937,6713],{"class":81},[63,136939,136940,136942,136944,136946,136949,136951],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,136941,8386],{"class":139},[63,136943,113],{"class":81},[63,136945,117],{"class":116},[63,136947,136948],{"class":120},"Got it.",[63,136950,117],{"class":116},[63,136952,126],{"class":81},[14,136954,136955],{},"Example: simple search",[54,136957,136959],{"className":56,"code":136958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136960,136961,136974,136978,136999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136972],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,136964,90104],{"class":69},[63,136966,74],{"class":73},[63,136968,824],{"class":116},[63,136970,136971],{"class":120},"Python Is Fun",[63,136973,3694],{"class":116},[63,136975,136976],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,136977,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990,136993,136995,136997],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,136981,7318],{"class":1155},[63,136983,824],{"class":116},[63,136985,58],{"class":120},[63,136987,117],{"class":116},[63,136989,21468],{"class":73},[63,136991,136992],{"class":69}," message",[63,136994,259],{"class":81},[63,136996,8957],{"class":145},[63,136998,21890],{"class":81},[63,137000,137001,137003,137005,137007,137010,137012],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137002,8386],{"class":139},[63,137004,113],{"class":81},[63,137006,117],{"class":116},[63,137008,137009],{"class":120},"Found it",[63,137011,117],{"class":116},[63,137013,126],{"class":81},[14,137015,137016,137017,137019,137020,821],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,137018,124182],{}," is often used with ",[196,137021,137023],{"href":137022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,137024,41943],{},[54,137026,137028],{"className":56,"code":137027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,137029,137030,137043,137062,137066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137033,8194],{"class":69},[63,137035,74],{"class":73},[63,137037,824],{"class":116},[63,137039,137040],{"class":120},"  ALICE  ",[63,137042,3694],{"class":116},[63,137044,137045,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137046,137047],{"class":69},"clean_name ",[63,137049,74],{"class":73},[63,137051,36286],{"class":69},[63,137053,259],{"class":81},[63,137055,8951],{"class":145},[63,137057,8954],{"class":81},[63,137059,8957],{"class":145},[63,137061,279],{"class":81},[63,137063,137064],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137065,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137067,137068,137070,137072,137075,137077],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137069,140],{"class":139},[63,137071,113],{"class":81},[63,137073,137074],{"class":145},"clean_name",[63,137076,3997],{"class":81},[63,137078,137079],{"class":1910},"  # alice\n",[49,137081,15893],{"id":15892},[14,137083,137084,137085,137088],{},"Strings are ",[1217,137086,137087],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137090,137091,137092,137094],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,137093,124182],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137096,137097,137098,137100],{},"So this does ",[1217,137099,4961],{}," update the original variable:",[54,137102,137104],{"className":56,"code":137103,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,137105,137106,137118,137128,137132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137107,137108,137110,137112,137114,137116],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137109,34981],{"class":69},[63,137111,74],{"class":73},[63,137113,824],{"class":116},[63,137115,136476],{"class":120},[63,137117,3694],{"class":116},[63,137119,137120,137122,137124,137126],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137121,35002],{"class":69},[63,137123,259],{"class":81},[63,137125,8957],{"class":145},[63,137127,279],{"class":81},[63,137129,137130],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137131,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137133,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137135,140],{"class":139},[63,137137,113],{"class":81},[63,137139,35002],{"class":145},[63,137141,3997],{"class":81},[63,137143,137144],{"class":1910},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137146,137147],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[54,137149,137151],{"className":56,"code":137150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137152,137153,137165,137179,137183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137154,137155,137157,137159,137161,137163],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137156,34981],{"class":69},[63,137158,74],{"class":73},[63,137160,824],{"class":116},[63,137162,136476],{"class":120},[63,137164,3694],{"class":116},[63,137166,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137168,34981],{"class":69},[63,137170,74],{"class":73},[63,137172,43132],{"class":69},[63,137174,259],{"class":81},[63,137176,8957],{"class":145},[63,137178,279],{"class":81},[63,137180,137181],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137182,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137184,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137186,140],{"class":139},[63,137188,113],{"class":81},[63,137190,35002],{"class":145},[63,137192,3997],{"class":81},[63,137194,136488],{"class":1910},[49,137196,3167],{"id":3166},[486,137198,25978],{"id":25977},[14,137200,137201,137202,11398,137204,259],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,137203,8957],{},[18,137205,124182],{},[14,137207,16941],{},[54,137209,137211],{"className":56,"code":137210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,137212,137213,137225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137214,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137216,34981],{"class":69},[63,137218,74],{"class":73},[63,137220,824],{"class":116},[63,137222,136476],{"class":120},[63,137224,3694],{"class":116},[63,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137228,140],{"class":139},[63,137230,113],{"class":81},[63,137232,35002],{"class":145},[63,137234,259],{"class":81},[63,137236,8957],{"class":25042},[63,137238,126],{"class":81},[14,137240,137241],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137243,16953],{},[54,137245,137247],{"className":56,"code":137246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137248,137249,137261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137250,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137252,34981],{"class":69},[63,137254,74],{"class":73},[63,137256,824],{"class":116},[63,137258,136476],{"class":120},[63,137260,3694],{"class":116},[63,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137264,140],{"class":139},[63,137266,113],{"class":81},[63,137268,35002],{"class":145},[63,137270,259],{"class":81},[63,137272,8957],{"class":145},[63,137274,7515],{"class":81},[486,137276,137278],{"id":137277},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137280,137281],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137283,16941],{},[54,137285,137287],{"className":56,"code":137286,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,137288,137289,137301,137311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137292,34981],{"class":69},[63,137294,74],{"class":73},[63,137296,824],{"class":116},[63,137298,136476],{"class":120},[63,137300,3694],{"class":116},[63,137302,137303,137305,137307,137309],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137304,35002],{"class":69},[63,137306,259],{"class":81},[63,137308,8957],{"class":145},[63,137310,279],{"class":81},[63,137312,137313,137315,137317,137319,137321],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137314,140],{"class":139},[63,137316,113],{"class":81},[63,137318,35002],{"class":145},[63,137320,3997],{"class":81},[63,137322,137323],{"class":1910},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137325,16953],{},[54,137327,137329],{"className":56,"code":137328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,137330,137331,137343,137357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137332,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137334,34981],{"class":69},[63,137336,74],{"class":73},[63,137338,824],{"class":116},[63,137340,136476],{"class":120},[63,137342,3694],{"class":116},[63,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353,137355],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137346,34981],{"class":69},[63,137348,74],{"class":73},[63,137350,43132],{"class":69},[63,137352,259],{"class":81},[63,137354,8957],{"class":145},[63,137356,279],{"class":81},[63,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137360,140],{"class":139},[63,137362,113],{"class":81},[63,137364,35002],{"class":145},[63,137366,3997],{"class":81},[63,137368,136488],{"class":1910},[486,137370,8733,137372,137374],{"id":137371},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,137373,124182],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137376,137377,137379],{},[18,137378,124182],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137381,16941],{},[54,137383,137385],{"className":56,"code":137384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,137386,137387,137395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137388,137389,137391,137393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137390,2553],{"class":69},[63,137392,74],{"class":73},[63,137394,125134],{"class":85},[63,137396,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137398,140],{"class":139},[63,137400,113],{"class":81},[63,137402,2575],{"class":145},[63,137404,259],{"class":81},[63,137406,8957],{"class":145},[63,137408,7515],{"class":81},[14,137410,137411,137412,33893],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,137413,124182],{},[14,137415,137416],{},"You can check the type first:",[54,137418,137420],{"className":56,"code":137419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,137421,137422,137434,137438,137452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137425,34981],{"class":69},[63,137427,74],{"class":73},[63,137429,824],{"class":116},[63,137431,136476],{"class":120},[63,137433,3694],{"class":116},[63,137435,137436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137437,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137441,140],{"class":139},[63,137443,113],{"class":81},[63,137445,3557],{"class":77},[63,137447,113],{"class":81},[63,137449,35002],{"class":145},[63,137451,100],{"class":81},[63,137453,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137455,140],{"class":139},[63,137457,113],{"class":81},[63,137459,35002],{"class":145},[63,137461,259],{"class":81},[63,137463,8957],{"class":145},[63,137465,7515],{"class":81},[486,137467,137469],{"id":137468},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137471,137472],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[54,137474,137476],{"className":56,"code":137475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,137477,137478,137491,137495,137512,137527,137533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137479,137480,137482,137484,137486,137489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137481,136695],{"class":69},[63,137483,74],{"class":73},[63,137485,824],{"class":116},[63,137487,137488],{"class":120},"Yes",[63,137490,3694],{"class":116},[63,137492,137493],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137494,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137496,137497,137499,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137498,7318],{"class":1155},[63,137500,137501],{"class":69}," answer ",[63,137503,5019],{"class":73},[63,137505,824],{"class":116},[63,137507,8974],{"class":120},[63,137509,117],{"class":116},[63,137511,6713],{"class":81},[63,137513,137514,137516,137518,137520,137523,137525],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137515,8386],{"class":139},[63,137517,113],{"class":81},[63,137519,117],{"class":116},[63,137521,137522],{"class":120},"Match",[63,137524,117],{"class":116},[63,137526,126],{"class":81},[63,137528,137529,137531],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,137530,27724],{"class":1155},[63,137532,6713],{"class":81},[63,137534,137535,137537,137539,137541,137544,137546],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,137536,8386],{"class":139},[63,137538,113],{"class":81},[63,137540,117],{"class":116},[63,137542,137543],{"class":120},"No match",[63,137545,117],{"class":116},[63,137547,126],{"class":81},[14,137549,29352,137550,4726,137553,137556,137557,259],{},[18,137551,137552],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,137554,137555],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,137558,137543],{},[14,137560,137561],{},"Better:",[54,137563,137565],{"className":56,"code":137564,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,137566,137567,137579,137583,137605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137570,136695],{"class":69},[63,137572,74],{"class":73},[63,137574,824],{"class":116},[63,137576,137488],{"class":120},[63,137578,3694],{"class":116},[63,137580,137581],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137582,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137586,7318],{"class":1155},[63,137588,136715],{"class":69},[63,137590,259],{"class":81},[63,137592,8957],{"class":145},[63,137594,7686],{"class":81},[63,137596,6728],{"class":73},[63,137598,824],{"class":116},[63,137600,8974],{"class":120},[63,137602,117],{"class":116},[63,137604,6713],{"class":81},[63,137606,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137608,8386],{"class":139},[63,137610,113],{"class":81},[63,137612,117],{"class":116},[63,137614,137522],{"class":120},[63,137616,117],{"class":116},[63,137618,126],{"class":81},[486,137620,44504,137622,137625],{"id":137621},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137623,137624],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137627,137628,137629,137631],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137630,124182],{}," is enough.",[14,137633,137634,137635,137637,137638,259],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137636,137624],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137639,124182],{},[14,137641,137642,137643,122694],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137644,124182],{},[49,137646,137648,10891,137650],{"id":137647},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137649,124182],{},[18,137651,128330],{},[14,137653,137654,4726,137656,137658],{},[18,137655,124182],{},[18,137657,128330],{}," are very similar.",[29,137660,137661,137666,137671,137674],{},[32,137662,137663,137665],{},[18,137664,124182],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[32,137667,137668,137670],{},[18,137669,128330],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[32,137672,137673],{},"Both return new strings",[32,137675,137676],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137678,2543],{},[54,137680,137682],{"className":56,"code":137681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137683,137684,137696,137700,137716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137687,34981],{"class":69},[63,137689,74],{"class":73},[63,137691,824],{"class":116},[63,137693,129171],{"class":120},[63,137695,3694],{"class":116},[63,137697,137698],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137699,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137703,140],{"class":139},[63,137705,113],{"class":81},[63,137707,35002],{"class":145},[63,137709,259],{"class":81},[63,137711,8957],{"class":145},[63,137713,136485],{"class":81},[63,137715,136383],{"class":1910},[63,137717,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,137719,140],{"class":139},[63,137721,113],{"class":81},[63,137723,35002],{"class":145},[63,137725,259],{"class":81},[63,137727,34771],{"class":145},[63,137729,136485],{"class":81},[63,137731,137732],{"class":1910},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137734,137735,137736,259],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[196,137737,126452,137739,11046],{"href":137738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137740,128330],{},[49,137742,2165],{"id":2164},[486,137744,13011,137746,124779],{"id":137745},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137747,124182],{},[14,137749,137750],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[486,137752,13011,137754,137756],{"id":137753},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137755,124182],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137758,137759,137760,259],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137761,137762],{},"string.lower()",[486,137764,5469,137766,13023],{"id":137765},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137767,124182],{},[14,137769,137770],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[486,137772,28619,137774,137776],{"id":137773},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137775,124182],{}," on user input?",[14,137778,137779,137780,137782],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137781,3294],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[486,137784,2169,137786,4726,137788,2827],{"id":137785},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137787,124182],{},[18,137789,137624],{},[14,137791,137792,137794,137795,137797],{},[18,137793,124182],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137796,137624],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[49,137799,2219],{"id":2218},[29,137801,137802,137806,137812,137818,137824,137828,137832,137838],{},[32,137803,137804],{},[196,137805,51269],{"href":51268},[32,137807,137808],{},[196,137809,126452,137810,11046],{"href":137738},[18,137811,128330],{},[32,137813,137814],{},[196,137815,126452,137816,11046],{"href":137022},[18,137817,41943],{},[32,137819,137820],{},[196,137821,126452,137822,11046],{"href":130033},[18,137823,124623],{},[32,137825,137826],{},[196,137827,124851],{"href":123707},[32,137829,137830],{},[196,137831,90780],{"href":89789},[32,137833,137834],{},[196,137835,3912,137836,3845],{"href":8534},[18,137837,3294],{},[32,137839,137840],{},[196,137841,137842],{"href":136423},"What is a string in Python?",[2259,137844,137845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":137847},[137848,137850,137851,137852,137853,137854,137855,137864,137866,137878],{"id":136393,"depth":103,"text":137849},"What lower() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":136842,"depth":103,"text":136843},{"id":15892,"depth":103,"text":15893},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":137856},[137857,137858,137859,137861,137862],{"id":25977,"depth":129,"text":25978},{"id":137277,"depth":129,"text":137278},{"id":137371,"depth":129,"text":137860},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137468,"depth":129,"text":137469},{"id":137621,"depth":129,"text":137863},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137647,"depth":103,"text":137865},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":137867},[137868,137870,137872,137874,137876],{"id":137745,"depth":129,"text":137869},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137753,"depth":129,"text":137871},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137765,"depth":129,"text":137873},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137773,"depth":129,"text":137875},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137785,"depth":129,"text":137877},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136310,"description":137879},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137886,"title":137887,"body":137888,"description":139438,"extension":2300,"meta":139439,"navigation":132,"path":139440,"seo":139441,"stem":139442,"__hash__":139443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137889,"toc":139399},[137890,137895,137900,137906,137921,137923,137983,137985,137994,138000,138005,138010,138012,138026,138030,138032,138079,138081,138099,138101,138104,138175,138177,138191,138194,138206,138215,138219,138224,138229,138233,138299,138301,138310,138314,138379,138381,138390,138393,138398,138402,138407,138411,138472,138474,138483,138487,138490,138546,138548,138557,138560,138573,138575,138579,138586,138648,138650,138663,138669,138672,138679,138684,138689,138692,138700,138702,138763,138765,138774,138777,138824,138827,138874,138876,138881,138898,138905,138910,138963,138965,138973,138975,139032,139034,139042,139046,139093,139095,139103,139111,139115,139163,139165,139174,139179,139230,139232,139241,139248,139251,139272,139274,139279,139282,139286,139289,139293,139296,139323,139329,139332,139359,139364,139366,139368,139396],[10,137891,123452,137893,11629],{"id":137892},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137894,124623],{},[14,137896,123457,137897,137899],{},[18,137898,124623],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137901,137902,137903,137905],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137904,124623],{},". You will learn:",[29,137907,137908,137912,137915,137918],{},[32,137909,26310,137910,4017],{},[18,137911,124623],{},[32,137913,137914],{},"how its syntax works",[32,137916,137917],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[32,137919,137920],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[49,137922,52],{"id":51},[54,137924,137926],{"className":56,"code":137925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137927,137928,137941,137973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137929,137930,137932,137934,137936,137939],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137931,34981],{"class":69},[63,137933,74],{"class":73},[63,137935,824],{"class":116},[63,137937,137938],{"class":120},"I like cats",[63,137940,3694],{"class":116},[63,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137960,137962,137964,137966,137969,137971],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,137944,130291],{"class":69},[63,137946,74],{"class":73},[63,137948,43132],{"class":69},[63,137950,259],{"class":81},[63,137952,35293],{"class":145},[63,137954,113],{"class":81},[63,137956,117],{"class":116},[63,137958,137959],{"class":120},"cats",[63,137961,117],{"class":116},[63,137963,89],{"class":81},[63,137965,824],{"class":116},[63,137967,137968],{"class":120},"dogs",[63,137970,117],{"class":116},[63,137972,126],{"class":81},[63,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,137976,140],{"class":139},[63,137978,113],{"class":81},[63,137980,130322],{"class":145},[63,137982,126],{"class":81},[14,137984,163],{},[54,137986,137988],{"className":56,"code":137987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like dogs\n",[18,137989,137990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,137991,137992],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,137993,137987],{"class":69},[14,137995,222,137996,137999],{},[18,137997,137998],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[49,138001,4014,138003,4017],{"id":138002},"what-replace-does",[18,138004,124623],{},[14,138006,138007,138009],{},[18,138008,124623],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,138011,13357],{},[29,138013,138014,138016,138018,138021],{},[32,138015,133700],{},[32,138017,136418],{},[32,138019,138020],{},"It works on exact matches",[32,138022,138023,138024],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,138025,41550],{},[14,138027,125204,138028,259],{},[196,138029,125207],{"href":51268},[49,138031,5753],{"id":5752},[54,138033,138035],{"className":56,"code":138034,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,138036,138037,138057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138038,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138050,138052,138055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138040,61446],{"class":69},[63,138042,259],{"class":81},[63,138044,35293],{"class":145},[63,138046,113],{"class":81},[63,138048,138049],{"class":145},"old",[63,138051,89],{"class":81},[63,138053,138054],{"class":145}," new",[63,138056,126],{"class":81},[63,138058,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138060,61446],{"class":69},[63,138062,259],{"class":81},[63,138064,35293],{"class":145},[63,138066,113],{"class":81},[63,138068,138049],{"class":145},[63,138070,89],{"class":81},[63,138072,138054],{"class":145},[63,138074,89],{"class":81},[63,138076,49894],{"class":145},[63,138078,126],{"class":81},[486,138080,17691],{"id":17690},[29,138082,138083,138088,138094],{},[32,138084,138085,138087],{},[18,138086,138049],{}," = the text to find",[32,138089,138090,138093],{},[18,138091,138092],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[32,138095,138096,138098],{},[18,138097,41550],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[49,138100,6106],{"id":6105},[14,138102,138103],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[54,138105,138107],{"className":56,"code":138106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,138108,138109,138121,138151,138155,138165],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138110,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138112,34981],{"class":69},[63,138114,74],{"class":73},[63,138116,824],{"class":116},[63,138118,137938],{"class":120},[63,138120,3694],{"class":116},[63,138122,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138124,130291],{"class":69},[63,138126,74],{"class":73},[63,138128,43132],{"class":69},[63,138130,259],{"class":81},[63,138132,35293],{"class":145},[63,138134,113],{"class":81},[63,138136,117],{"class":116},[63,138138,137959],{"class":120},[63,138140,117],{"class":116},[63,138142,89],{"class":81},[63,138144,824],{"class":116},[63,138146,137968],{"class":120},[63,138148,117],{"class":116},[63,138150,126],{"class":81},[63,138152,138153],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138154,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138156,138157,138159,138161,138163],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138158,140],{"class":139},[63,138160,113],{"class":81},[63,138162,35002],{"class":145},[63,138164,126],{"class":81},[63,138166,138167,138169,138171,138173],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,138168,140],{"class":139},[63,138170,113],{"class":81},[63,138172,130322],{"class":145},[63,138174,126],{"class":81},[14,138176,163],{},[54,138178,138180],{"className":56,"code":138179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,138181,138182,138187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138183,138184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138185,138186],{"class":69},"I like cats\n",[63,138188,138189],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138190,137987],{"class":69},[14,138192,138193],{},"Notice what happened:",[29,138195,138196,138201],{},[32,138197,138198,138200],{},[18,138199,35002],{}," did not change",[32,138202,138203,138205],{},[18,138204,130322],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138207,138208,138209,138211,138212,138214],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1217,138210,137087],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,138213,124623],{}," return a new string instead.",[49,138216,138218],{"id":138217},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138220,89798,138221,138223],{},[18,138222,124623],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138225,138226,138227,36912],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,138228,41550],{},[486,138230,138232],{"id":138231},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[54,138234,138236],{"className":56,"code":138235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138237,138238,138251,138285,138289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246,138249],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138241,34981],{"class":69},[63,138243,74],{"class":73},[63,138245,824],{"class":116},[63,138247,138248],{"class":120},"cat cat cat",[63,138250,3694],{"class":116},[63,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138254,851],{"class":69},[63,138256,74],{"class":73},[63,138258,43132],{"class":69},[63,138260,259],{"class":81},[63,138262,35293],{"class":145},[63,138264,113],{"class":81},[63,138266,117],{"class":116},[63,138268,580],{"class":120},[63,138270,117],{"class":116},[63,138272,89],{"class":81},[63,138274,824],{"class":116},[63,138276,58408],{"class":120},[63,138278,117],{"class":116},[63,138280,89],{"class":81},[63,138282,692],{"class":85},[63,138284,126],{"class":81},[63,138286,138287],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138288,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138290,138291,138293,138295,138297],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138292,140],{"class":139},[63,138294,113],{"class":81},[63,138296,875],{"class":145},[63,138298,126],{"class":81},[14,138300,163],{},[54,138302,138304],{"className":56,"code":138303,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog cat cat\n",[18,138305,138306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138307,138308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138309,138303],{"class":69},[486,138311,138313],{"id":138312},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[54,138315,138317],{"className":56,"code":138316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138318,138319,138331,138365,138369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138322,34981],{"class":69},[63,138324,74],{"class":73},[63,138326,824],{"class":116},[63,138328,138248],{"class":120},[63,138330,3694],{"class":116},[63,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138334,851],{"class":69},[63,138336,74],{"class":73},[63,138338,43132],{"class":69},[63,138340,259],{"class":81},[63,138342,35293],{"class":145},[63,138344,113],{"class":81},[63,138346,117],{"class":116},[63,138348,580],{"class":120},[63,138350,117],{"class":116},[63,138352,89],{"class":81},[63,138354,824],{"class":116},[63,138356,58408],{"class":120},[63,138358,117],{"class":116},[63,138360,89],{"class":81},[63,138362,92],{"class":85},[63,138364,126],{"class":81},[63,138366,138367],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138368,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138370,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138372,140],{"class":139},[63,138374,113],{"class":81},[63,138376,875],{"class":145},[63,138378,126],{"class":81},[14,138380,163],{},[54,138382,138384],{"className":56,"code":138383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog dog cat\n",[18,138385,138386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138387,138388],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138389,138383],{"class":69},[14,138391,138392],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138394,138395,138396,259],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[196,138397,128176],{"href":124620},[49,138399,138401],{"id":138400},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138403,138404,138406],{},[18,138405,124623],{}," can also change single characters.",[486,138408,138410],{"id":138409},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[54,138412,138414],{"className":56,"code":138413,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138415,138416,138428,138458,138462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138417,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138419,34981],{"class":69},[63,138421,74],{"class":73},[63,138423,824],{"class":116},[63,138425,427],{"class":120},[63,138427,3694],{"class":116},[63,138429,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138431,851],{"class":69},[63,138433,74],{"class":73},[63,138435,43132],{"class":69},[63,138437,259],{"class":81},[63,138439,35293],{"class":145},[63,138441,113],{"class":81},[63,138443,117],{"class":116},[63,138445,196],{"class":120},[63,138447,117],{"class":116},[63,138449,89],{"class":81},[63,138451,824],{"class":116},[63,138453,2049],{"class":120},[63,138455,117],{"class":116},[63,138457,126],{"class":81},[63,138459,138460],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138461,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138465,140],{"class":139},[63,138467,113],{"class":81},[63,138469,875],{"class":145},[63,138471,126],{"class":81},[14,138473,163],{},[54,138475,138477],{"className":56,"code":138476,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bonono\n",[18,138478,138479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138480,138481],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138482,138476],{"class":69},[486,138484,138486],{"id":138485},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138488,138489],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[54,138491,138493],{"className":56,"code":138492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138494,138495,138508,138532,138536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138496,138497,138499,138501,138503,138506],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138498,34981],{"class":69},[63,138500,74],{"class":73},[63,138502,824],{"class":116},[63,138504,138505],{"class":120},"a b c",[63,138507,3694],{"class":116},[63,138509,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138511,851],{"class":69},[63,138513,74],{"class":73},[63,138515,43132],{"class":69},[63,138517,259],{"class":81},[63,138519,35293],{"class":145},[63,138521,113],{"class":81},[63,138523,117],{"class":116},[63,138525,824],{"class":116},[63,138527,89],{"class":81},[63,138529,6446],{"class":116},[63,138531,126],{"class":81},[63,138533,138534],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138535,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138537,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138539,140],{"class":139},[63,138541,113],{"class":81},[63,138543,875],{"class":145},[63,138545,126],{"class":81},[14,138547,163],{},[54,138549,138551],{"className":56,"code":138550,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abc\n",[18,138552,138553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138554,138555],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138556,138550],{"class":69},[14,138558,138559],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138561,138562,138563,138567,138568,138572],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[196,138564,126452,138565,11046],{"href":129139},[18,138566,60804],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[196,138569,126452,138570,11046],{"href":137022},[18,138571,41943],{}," is often a better choice.",[49,138574,124099],{"id":124098},[14,138576,138577,123910],{},[18,138578,124623],{},[14,138580,127497,138581,4726,138583,127504],{},[18,138582,113136],{},[18,138584,138585],{},"\"Cat\"",[54,138587,138589],{"className":56,"code":138588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138590,138591,138604,138634,138638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138592,138593,138595,138597,138599,138602],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138594,34981],{"class":69},[63,138596,74],{"class":73},[63,138598,824],{"class":116},[63,138600,138601],{"class":120},"Cat cat CAT",[63,138603,3694],{"class":116},[63,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138607,851],{"class":69},[63,138609,74],{"class":73},[63,138611,43132],{"class":69},[63,138613,259],{"class":81},[63,138615,35293],{"class":145},[63,138617,113],{"class":81},[63,138619,117],{"class":116},[63,138621,580],{"class":120},[63,138623,117],{"class":116},[63,138625,89],{"class":81},[63,138627,824],{"class":116},[63,138629,58408],{"class":120},[63,138631,117],{"class":116},[63,138633,126],{"class":81},[63,138635,138636],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138637,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138641,140],{"class":139},[63,138643,113],{"class":81},[63,138645,875],{"class":145},[63,138647,126],{"class":81},[14,138649,163],{},[54,138651,138653],{"className":56,"code":138652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138654,138655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138656,138657,138660],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138658,138659],{"class":69},"Cat dog ",[63,138661,138662],{"class":34746},"CAT\n",[14,138664,138665,138666,138668],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138667,113136],{}," was replaced.",[14,138670,138671],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138673,138674,138675,259],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[196,138676,126452,138677,11046],{"href":124179},[18,138678,124182],{},[49,138680,4014,138682,12014],{"id":138681},"what-replace-returns",[18,138683,124623],{},[14,138685,138686,138688],{},[18,138687,124623],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138690,138691],{},"If no match is found:",[29,138693,138694,138697],{},[32,138695,138696],{},"no error happens",[32,138698,138699],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138701,2543],{},[54,138703,138705],{"className":56,"code":138704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138706,138707,138719,138749,138753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138708,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138710,34981],{"class":69},[63,138712,74],{"class":73},[63,138714,824],{"class":116},[63,138716,1995],{"class":120},[63,138718,3694],{"class":116},[63,138720,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138722,851],{"class":69},[63,138724,74],{"class":73},[63,138726,43132],{"class":69},[63,138728,259],{"class":81},[63,138730,35293],{"class":145},[63,138732,113],{"class":81},[63,138734,117],{"class":116},[63,138736,2509],{"class":120},[63,138738,117],{"class":116},[63,138740,89],{"class":81},[63,138742,824],{"class":116},[63,138744,12054],{"class":120},[63,138746,117],{"class":116},[63,138748,126],{"class":81},[63,138750,138751],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138752,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,138754,138755,138757,138759,138761],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,138756,140],{"class":139},[63,138758,113],{"class":81},[63,138760,875],{"class":145},[63,138762,126],{"class":81},[14,138764,163],{},[54,138766,138768],{"className":56,"code":138767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello\n",[18,138769,138770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138771,138772],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138773,138767],{"class":69},[14,138775,138776],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[54,138778,138780],{"className":56,"code":138779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138781,138782,138794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138783,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138785,34981],{"class":69},[63,138787,74],{"class":73},[63,138789,824],{"class":116},[63,138791,60683],{"class":120},[63,138793,3694],{"class":116},[63,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138797,130291],{"class":69},[63,138799,74],{"class":73},[63,138801,43132],{"class":69},[63,138803,259],{"class":81},[63,138805,35293],{"class":145},[63,138807,113],{"class":81},[63,138809,117],{"class":116},[63,138811,60864],{"class":120},[63,138813,117],{"class":116},[63,138815,89],{"class":81},[63,138817,824],{"class":116},[63,138819,7617],{"class":120},[63,138821,117],{"class":116},[63,138823,126],{"class":81},[14,138825,138826],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[54,138828,138830],{"className":56,"code":138829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138831,138832,138844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138833,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138835,34981],{"class":69},[63,138837,74],{"class":73},[63,138839,824],{"class":116},[63,138841,60683],{"class":120},[63,138843,3694],{"class":116},[63,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138847,34981],{"class":69},[63,138849,74],{"class":73},[63,138851,43132],{"class":69},[63,138853,259],{"class":81},[63,138855,35293],{"class":145},[63,138857,113],{"class":81},[63,138859,117],{"class":116},[63,138861,60864],{"class":120},[63,138863,117],{"class":116},[63,138865,89],{"class":81},[63,138867,824],{"class":116},[63,138869,7617],{"class":120},[63,138871,117],{"class":116},[63,138873,126],{"class":81},[49,138875,1888],{"id":1887},[14,138877,138878,138879,821],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138880,124623],{},[29,138882,138883,138886,138890,138893],{},[32,138884,138885],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[32,138887,8769,138888,131672],{},[18,138889,124623],{},[32,138891,138892],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[32,138894,37494,138895,138897],{},[18,138896,124623],{}," with regex-based replacements",[486,138899,138901,138902,138904],{"id":138900},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138903,124623],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138906,138907,138908,821],{},"This does not update ",[18,138909,35002],{},[54,138911,138913],{"className":56,"code":138912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138914,138915,138927,138953],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138916,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138918,34981],{"class":69},[63,138920,74],{"class":73},[63,138922,824],{"class":116},[63,138924,137938],{"class":120},[63,138926,3694],{"class":116},[63,138928,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138930,35002],{"class":69},[63,138932,259],{"class":81},[63,138934,35293],{"class":145},[63,138936,113],{"class":81},[63,138938,117],{"class":116},[63,138940,137959],{"class":120},[63,138942,117],{"class":116},[63,138944,89],{"class":81},[63,138946,824],{"class":116},[63,138948,137968],{"class":120},[63,138950,117],{"class":116},[63,138952,126],{"class":81},[63,138954,138955,138957,138959,138961],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,138956,140],{"class":139},[63,138958,113],{"class":81},[63,138960,35002],{"class":145},[63,138962,126],{"class":81},[14,138964,163],{},[54,138966,138967],{"className":56,"code":138186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,138968,138969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138970,138971],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138972,138186],{"class":69},[14,138974,11113],{},[54,138976,138978],{"className":56,"code":138977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138979,138980,138992,139022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,138983,34981],{"class":69},[63,138985,74],{"class":73},[63,138987,824],{"class":116},[63,138989,137938],{"class":120},[63,138991,3694],{"class":116},[63,138993,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,138995,34981],{"class":69},[63,138997,74],{"class":73},[63,138999,43132],{"class":69},[63,139001,259],{"class":81},[63,139003,35293],{"class":145},[63,139005,113],{"class":81},[63,139007,117],{"class":116},[63,139009,137959],{"class":120},[63,139011,117],{"class":116},[63,139013,89],{"class":81},[63,139015,824],{"class":116},[63,139017,137968],{"class":120},[63,139019,117],{"class":116},[63,139021,126],{"class":81},[63,139023,139024,139026,139028,139030],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,139025,140],{"class":139},[63,139027,113],{"class":81},[63,139029,35002],{"class":145},[63,139031,126],{"class":81},[14,139033,163],{},[54,139035,139036],{"className":56,"code":137987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,139037,139038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139039,139040],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139041,137987],{"class":69},[486,139043,139045],{"id":139044},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[54,139047,139049],{"className":56,"code":139048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,139050,139051,139063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139052,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139054,34981],{"class":69},[63,139056,74],{"class":73},[63,139058,824],{"class":116},[63,139060,35161],{"class":120},[63,139062,3694],{"class":116},[63,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139066,140],{"class":139},[63,139068,113],{"class":81},[63,139070,35002],{"class":145},[63,139072,259],{"class":81},[63,139074,35293],{"class":145},[63,139076,113],{"class":81},[63,139078,117],{"class":116},[63,139080,1995],{"class":120},[63,139082,117],{"class":116},[63,139084,89],{"class":81},[63,139086,824],{"class":116},[63,139088,90033],{"class":120},[63,139090,117],{"class":116},[63,139092,100],{"class":81},[14,139094,163],{},[54,139096,139097],{"className":56,"code":89046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,139098,139099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139100,139101],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139102,89046],{"class":69},[14,139104,139105,139106,4726,139108,139110],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,139107,1972],{},[18,139109,90515],{}," are not the same.",[486,139112,139114],{"id":139113},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[54,139116,139118],{"className":56,"code":139117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,139119,139120,139133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139121,139122,139124,139126,139128,139131],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139123,34981],{"class":69},[63,139125,74],{"class":73},[63,139127,824],{"class":116},[63,139129,139130],{"class":120},"red red red",[63,139132,3694],{"class":116},[63,139134,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139136,140],{"class":139},[63,139138,113],{"class":81},[63,139140,35002],{"class":145},[63,139142,259],{"class":81},[63,139144,35293],{"class":145},[63,139146,113],{"class":81},[63,139148,117],{"class":116},[63,139150,13398],{"class":120},[63,139152,117],{"class":116},[63,139154,89],{"class":81},[63,139156,824],{"class":116},[63,139158,13415],{"class":120},[63,139160,117],{"class":116},[63,139162,100],{"class":81},[14,139164,163],{},[54,139166,139168],{"className":56,"code":139167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue blue blue\n",[18,139169,139170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139171,139172],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139173,139167],{"class":69},[14,139175,139176,139177,821],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,139178,41550],{},[54,139180,139182],{"className":56,"code":139181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,139183,139184,139196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139187,34981],{"class":69},[63,139189,74],{"class":73},[63,139191,824],{"class":116},[63,139193,139130],{"class":120},[63,139195,3694],{"class":116},[63,139197,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139199,140],{"class":139},[63,139201,113],{"class":81},[63,139203,35002],{"class":145},[63,139205,259],{"class":81},[63,139207,35293],{"class":145},[63,139209,113],{"class":81},[63,139211,117],{"class":116},[63,139213,13398],{"class":120},[63,139215,117],{"class":116},[63,139217,89],{"class":81},[63,139219,824],{"class":116},[63,139221,13415],{"class":120},[63,139223,117],{"class":116},[63,139225,89],{"class":81},[63,139227,692],{"class":85},[63,139229,100],{"class":81},[14,139231,163],{},[54,139233,139235],{"className":56,"code":139234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue red red\n",[18,139236,139237],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139238,139239],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139240,139234],{"class":69},[486,139242,139244,139245,139247],{"id":139243},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,139246,124623],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139249,139250],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[29,139252,139253,139260,139267],{},[32,139254,222,139255,139259],{},[196,139256,139257],{"href":129139},[18,139258,60804],{}," to break a string into a list",[32,139261,222,139262,139266],{},[196,139263,139264],{"href":137022},[18,139265,41943],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[32,139268,222,139269,139271],{},[18,139270,124623],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[49,139273,2165],{"id":2164},[486,139275,13011,139277,124779],{"id":139276},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,139278,124623],{},[14,139280,139281],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[486,139283,139285],{"id":139284},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139287,139288],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[486,139290,139292],{"id":139291},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139294,139295],{},"Use the third argument:",[54,139297,139299],{"className":56,"code":139298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,139300,139301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139302,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139304,35002],{"class":69},[63,139306,259],{"class":81},[63,139308,35293],{"class":145},[63,139310,113],{"class":81},[63,139312,138049],{"class":145},[63,139314,89],{"class":81},[63,139316,138054],{"class":145},[63,139318,89],{"class":81},[63,139320,692],{"class":85},[63,139322,126],{"class":81},[486,139324,5497,139326,139328],{"id":139325},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,139327,124623],{}," remove text?",[14,139330,139331],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[54,139333,139335],{"className":56,"code":139334,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,139336,139337],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139340,35002],{"class":69},[63,139342,259],{"class":81},[63,139344,35293],{"class":145},[63,139346,113],{"class":81},[63,139348,117],{"class":116},[63,139350,2509],{"class":120},[63,139352,117],{"class":116},[63,139354,89],{"class":81},[63,139356,6446],{"class":116},[63,139358,126],{"class":81},[486,139360,15199,139362,124788],{"id":139361},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,139363,124623],{},[14,139365,129981],{},[49,139367,2219],{"id":2218},[29,139369,139370,139374,139380,139386,139392],{},[32,139371,139372],{},[196,139373,124858],{"href":124620},[32,139375,139376],{},[196,139377,126452,139378,11046],{"href":129139},[18,139379,60804],{},[32,139381,139382],{},[196,139383,126452,139384,11046],{"href":137022},[18,139385,41943],{},[32,139387,139388],{},[196,139389,126452,139390,11046],{"href":124179},[18,139391,124182],{},[32,139393,139394],{},[196,139395,125207],{"href":51268},[2259,139397,139398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":139400},[139401,139402,139404,139407,139408,139412,139416,139417,139419,139427,139437],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":138002,"depth":103,"text":139403},"What replace() does",{"id":5752,"depth":103,"text":5753,"children":139405},[139406],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":6105,"depth":103,"text":6106},{"id":138217,"depth":103,"text":138218,"children":139409},[139410,139411],{"id":138231,"depth":129,"text":138232},{"id":138312,"depth":129,"text":138313},{"id":138400,"depth":103,"text":138401,"children":139413},[139414,139415],{"id":138409,"depth":129,"text":138410},{"id":138485,"depth":129,"text":138486},{"id":124098,"depth":103,"text":124099},{"id":138681,"depth":103,"text":139418},"What replace() returns",{"id":1887,"depth":103,"text":1888,"children":139420},[139421,139423,139424,139425],{"id":138900,"depth":129,"text":139422},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139044,"depth":129,"text":139045},{"id":139113,"depth":129,"text":139114},{"id":139243,"depth":129,"text":139426},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":139428},[139429,139431,139432,139433,139435],{"id":139276,"depth":129,"text":139430},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139284,"depth":129,"text":139285},{"id":139291,"depth":129,"text":139292},{"id":139325,"depth":129,"text":139434},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139361,"depth":129,"text":139436},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137887,"description":139438},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139445,"title":139446,"body":139447,"description":141466,"extension":2300,"meta":141467,"navigation":132,"path":141468,"seo":141469,"stem":141470,"__hash__":141471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139448,"toc":141430},[139449,139454,139459,139462,139473,139475,139530,139535,139540,139547,139549,139564,139566,139622,139624,139662,139667,139669,139693,139696,139709,139714,139716,139748,139750,139783,139789,139794,139797,139807,139810,139812,139868,139870,139920,139923,139931,139934,139990,139992,140065,140078,140086,140090,140101,140104,140107,140160,140162,140194,140197,140251,140253,140288,140291,140296,140301,140306,140309,140311,140369,140371,140405,140407,140422,140425,140427,140469,140471,140497,140502,140510,140513,140515,140597,140599,140650,140653,140664,140672,140674,140747,140749,140767,140771,140774,140778,140805,140807,140815,140819,140854,140856,140869,140873,140876,140915,140917,140934,140939,140944,140955,140958,140969,140971,140973,140999,141002,141051,141053,141070,141073,141075,141127,141129,141161,141164,141222,141227,141229,141234,141337,141339,141353,141355,141362,141367,141372,141377,141382,141387,141390,141394,141399,141401,141427],[10,139450,123452,139452,11629],{"id":139451},"python-string-split-method",[18,139453,60804],{},[14,139455,123457,139456,139458],{},[18,139457,60804],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139460,139461],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[29,139463,139464,139467,139470],{},[32,139465,139466],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[32,139468,139469],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[32,139471,139472],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[49,139474,52],{"id":51},[54,139476,139478],{"className":56,"code":139477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,139479,139480,139493,139515,139525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139481,139482,139484,139486,139488,139491],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139483,34981],{"class":69},[63,139485,74],{"class":73},[63,139487,824],{"class":116},[63,139489,139490],{"class":120},"apple,banana,cherry",[63,139492,3694],{"class":116},[63,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139496,43127],{"class":69},[63,139498,74],{"class":73},[63,139500,43132],{"class":69},[63,139502,259],{"class":81},[63,139504,34762],{"class":145},[63,139506,113],{"class":81},[63,139508,117],{"class":116},[63,139510,89],{"class":120},[63,139512,117],{"class":116},[63,139514,126],{"class":81},[63,139516,139517,139519,139521,139523],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,139518,140],{"class":139},[63,139520,113],{"class":81},[63,139522,43159],{"class":145},[63,139524,126],{"class":81},[63,139526,139527],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,139528,139529],{"class":1910},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139531,222,139532,139534],{},[18,139533,60804],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[49,139536,4014,139538,4017],{"id":139537},"what-split-does",[18,139539,60804],{},[14,139541,139542,132500,139544,259],{},[18,139543,60804],{},[1217,139545,139546],{},"string method",[14,139548,49219],{},[29,139550,139551,139554,139559],{},[32,139552,139553],{},"divides a string into parts",[32,139555,119754,139556],{},[1217,139557,139558],{},"new list of strings",[32,139560,119760,139561,139563],{},[1217,139562,4961],{}," change the original string",[14,139565,2543],{},[54,139567,139569],{"className":56,"code":139568,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139570,139571,139584,139598,139602,139612],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139582],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139574,34981],{"class":69},[63,139576,74],{"class":73},[63,139578,824],{"class":116},[63,139580,139581],{"class":120},"red blue green",[63,139583,3694],{"class":116},[63,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139587,43127],{"class":69},[63,139589,74],{"class":73},[63,139591,43132],{"class":69},[63,139593,259],{"class":81},[63,139595,34762],{"class":145},[63,139597,279],{"class":81},[63,139599,139600],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,139601,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,139603,139604,139606,139608,139610],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,139605,140],{"class":139},[63,139607,113],{"class":81},[63,139609,35002],{"class":145},[63,139611,126],{"class":81},[63,139613,139614,139616,139618,139620],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,139615,140],{"class":139},[63,139617,113],{"class":81},[63,139619,43159],{"class":145},[63,139621,126],{"class":81},[14,139623,163],{},[54,139625,139627],{"className":56,"code":139626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139628,139629,139634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139630,139631],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139632,139633],{"class":69},"red blue green\n",[63,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139637,173],{"class":81},[63,139639,193],{"class":116},[63,139641,13398],{"class":120},[63,139643,193],{"class":116},[63,139645,89],{"class":81},[63,139647,203],{"class":116},[63,139649,13415],{"class":120},[63,139651,193],{"class":116},[63,139653,89],{"class":81},[63,139655,203],{"class":116},[63,139657,17752],{"class":120},[63,139659,193],{"class":116},[63,139661,186],{"class":81},[14,139663,139664,139665,259],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[196,139666,125207],{"href":51268},[49,139668,263],{"id":262},[54,139670,139672],{"className":56,"code":139671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139673,139674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139675,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139691],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139677,61446],{"class":69},[63,139679,259],{"class":81},[63,139681,34762],{"class":145},[63,139683,113],{"class":81},[63,139685,133856],{"class":145},[63,139687,89],{"class":81},[63,139689,139690],{"class":145}," maxsplit",[63,139692,126],{"class":81},[14,139694,139695],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[29,139697,139698,139703],{},[32,139699,139700,139702],{},[18,139701,133856],{}," tells Python where to split",[32,139704,139705,139708],{},[18,139706,139707],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139710,9192,139711,139713],{},[18,139712,133856],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139715,2543],{},[54,139717,139719],{"className":56,"code":139718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139720,139721,139734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139722,139723,139725,139727,139729,139732],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139724,34981],{"class":69},[63,139726,74],{"class":73},[63,139728,824],{"class":116},[63,139730,139731],{"class":120},"one two three",[63,139733,3694],{"class":116},[63,139735,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139737,140],{"class":139},[63,139739,113],{"class":81},[63,139741,35002],{"class":145},[63,139743,259],{"class":81},[63,139745,34762],{"class":145},[63,139747,7515],{"class":81},[14,139749,163],{},[54,139751,139753],{"className":56,"code":139752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139754,139755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139756,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139758,173],{"class":81},[63,139760,193],{"class":116},[63,139762,6905],{"class":120},[63,139764,193],{"class":116},[63,139766,89],{"class":81},[63,139768,203],{"class":116},[63,139770,79368],{"class":120},[63,139772,193],{"class":116},[63,139774,89],{"class":81},[63,139776,203],{"class":116},[63,139778,134338],{"class":120},[63,139780,193],{"class":116},[63,139782,186],{"class":81},[49,139784,8733,139786,139788],{"id":139785},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139787,60804],{}," with no separator",[14,139790,70271,139791,139793],{},[18,139792,60804],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139795,139796],{},"Whitespace includes:",[29,139798,139799,139801,139804],{},[32,139800,10758],{},[32,139802,139803],{},"tabs",[32,139805,139806],{},"new lines",[14,139808,139809],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139811,2543],{},[54,139813,139815],{"className":56,"code":139814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139816,139817,139840,139854,139858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139818,139819,139821,139823,139825,139828,139831,139833,139835,139838],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139820,34981],{"class":69},[63,139822,74],{"class":73},[63,139824,824],{"class":116},[63,139826,139827],{"class":120},"Python   is",[63,139829,139830],{"class":34746},"\\t",[63,139832,133592],{"class":120},[63,139834,87250],{"class":34746},[63,139836,139837],{"class":120},"and useful",[63,139839,3694],{"class":116},[63,139841,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139843,43127],{"class":69},[63,139845,74],{"class":73},[63,139847,43132],{"class":69},[63,139849,259],{"class":81},[63,139851,34762],{"class":145},[63,139853,279],{"class":81},[63,139855,139856],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,139857,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,139859,139860,139862,139864,139866],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,139861,140],{"class":139},[63,139863,113],{"class":81},[63,139865,43159],{"class":145},[63,139867,126],{"class":81},[14,139869,163],{},[54,139871,139873],{"className":56,"code":139872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139874,139875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139876,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139916,139918],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139878,173],{"class":81},[63,139880,193],{"class":116},[63,139882,7617],{"class":120},[63,139884,193],{"class":116},[63,139886,89],{"class":81},[63,139888,203],{"class":116},[63,139890,1156],{"class":120},[63,139892,193],{"class":116},[63,139894,89],{"class":81},[63,139896,203],{"class":116},[63,139898,133592],{"class":120},[63,139900,193],{"class":116},[63,139902,89],{"class":81},[63,139904,203],{"class":116},[63,139906,130217],{"class":120},[63,139908,193],{"class":116},[63,139910,89],{"class":81},[63,139912,203],{"class":116},[63,139914,139915],{"class":120},"useful",[63,139917,193],{"class":116},[63,139919,186],{"class":81},[14,139921,139922],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[486,139924,139926,10891,139928],{"id":139925},"split-vs-split",[18,139927,60804],{},[18,139929,139930],{},"split(' ')",[14,139932,139933],{},"These are not the same.",[54,139935,139937],{"className":56,"code":139936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139938,139939,139952,139956,139970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139940,139941,139943,139945,139947,139950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,139942,34981],{"class":69},[63,139944,74],{"class":73},[63,139946,824],{"class":116},[63,139948,139949],{"class":120},"a  b   c",[63,139951,3694],{"class":116},[63,139953,139954],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,139955,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,139957,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,139959,140],{"class":139},[63,139961,113],{"class":81},[63,139963,35002],{"class":145},[63,139965,259],{"class":81},[63,139967,34762],{"class":145},[63,139969,7515],{"class":81},[63,139971,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,139973,140],{"class":139},[63,139975,113],{"class":81},[63,139977,35002],{"class":145},[63,139979,259],{"class":81},[63,139981,34762],{"class":145},[63,139983,113],{"class":81},[63,139985,117],{"class":116},[63,139987,824],{"class":116},[63,139989,100],{"class":81},[14,139991,163],{},[54,139993,139995],{"className":56,"code":139994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139996,139997,140025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140000,173],{"class":81},[63,140002,193],{"class":116},[63,140004,196],{"class":120},[63,140006,193],{"class":116},[63,140008,89],{"class":81},[63,140010,203],{"class":116},[63,140012,206],{"class":120},[63,140014,193],{"class":116},[63,140016,89],{"class":81},[63,140018,203],{"class":116},[63,140020,215],{"class":120},[63,140022,193],{"class":116},[63,140024,186],{"class":81},[63,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140028,173],{"class":81},[63,140030,193],{"class":116},[63,140032,196],{"class":120},[63,140034,193],{"class":116},[63,140036,89],{"class":81},[63,140038,4174],{"class":116},[63,140040,89],{"class":81},[63,140042,203],{"class":116},[63,140044,206],{"class":120},[63,140046,193],{"class":116},[63,140048,89],{"class":81},[63,140050,4174],{"class":116},[63,140052,89],{"class":81},[63,140054,4174],{"class":116},[63,140056,89],{"class":81},[63,140058,203],{"class":116},[63,140060,215],{"class":120},[63,140062,193],{"class":116},[63,140064,186],{"class":81},[29,140066,140067,140072],{},[32,140068,140069,140071],{},[18,140070,60804],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[32,140073,140074,140077],{},[18,140075,140076],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140079,140080,140081,140085],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[196,140082,126452,140083,11046],{"href":137022},[18,140084,41943],{}," is often useful.",[49,140087,140089],{"id":140088},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140091,140092,140093,2524,140096,2528,140098,259],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,140094,140095],{},"\",\"",[18,140097,133691],{},[18,140099,140100],{},"\"::\"",[14,140102,140103],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140105,140106],{},"Example with commas:",[54,140108,140110],{"className":56,"code":140109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140111,140112,140124,140146,140150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140113,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140115,34981],{"class":69},[63,140117,74],{"class":73},[63,140119,824],{"class":116},[63,140121,139490],{"class":120},[63,140123,3694],{"class":116},[63,140125,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140127,43127],{"class":69},[63,140129,74],{"class":73},[63,140131,43132],{"class":69},[63,140133,259],{"class":81},[63,140135,34762],{"class":145},[63,140137,113],{"class":81},[63,140139,117],{"class":116},[63,140141,89],{"class":120},[63,140143,117],{"class":116},[63,140145,126],{"class":81},[63,140147,140148],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140149,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,140151,140152,140154,140156,140158],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,140153,140],{"class":139},[63,140155,113],{"class":81},[63,140157,43159],{"class":145},[63,140159,126],{"class":81},[14,140161,163],{},[54,140163,140164],{"className":56,"code":78547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,140165,140166],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140169,173],{"class":81},[63,140171,193],{"class":116},[63,140173,408],{"class":120},[63,140175,193],{"class":116},[63,140177,89],{"class":81},[63,140179,203],{"class":116},[63,140181,427],{"class":120},[63,140183,193],{"class":116},[63,140185,89],{"class":81},[63,140187,203],{"class":116},[63,140189,4428],{"class":120},[63,140191,193],{"class":116},[63,140193,186],{"class":81},[14,140195,140196],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[54,140198,140200],{"className":56,"code":140199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140201,140202,140215,140237,140241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140203,140204,140206,140208,140210,140213],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140205,34981],{"class":69},[63,140207,74],{"class":73},[63,140209,824],{"class":116},[63,140211,140212],{"class":120},"2024::10::31",[63,140214,3694],{"class":116},[63,140216,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140218,43127],{"class":69},[63,140220,74],{"class":73},[63,140222,43132],{"class":69},[63,140224,259],{"class":81},[63,140226,34762],{"class":145},[63,140228,113],{"class":81},[63,140230,117],{"class":116},[63,140232,76764],{"class":120},[63,140234,117],{"class":116},[63,140236,126],{"class":81},[63,140238,140239],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140240,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,140244,140],{"class":139},[63,140246,113],{"class":81},[63,140248,43159],{"class":145},[63,140250,126],{"class":81},[14,140252,163],{},[54,140254,140256],{"className":56,"code":140255,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,140257,140258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140259,140260,140262,140264,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140284,140286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140261,173],{"class":81},[63,140263,193],{"class":116},[63,140265,140266],{"class":120},"2024",[63,140268,193],{"class":116},[63,140270,89],{"class":81},[63,140272,203],{"class":116},[63,140274,741],{"class":120},[63,140276,193],{"class":116},[63,140278,89],{"class":81},[63,140280,203],{"class":116},[63,140282,140283],{"class":120},"31",[63,140285,193],{"class":116},[63,140287,186],{"class":81},[14,140289,140290],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140292,140293,140294,259],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[196,140295,129136],{"href":129135},[49,140297,8733,140299],{"id":140298},"using-maxsplit",[18,140300,139707],{},[14,140302,140303,140305],{},[18,140304,139707],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140307,140308],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140310,2543],{},[54,140312,140314],{"className":56,"code":140313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,140315,140316,140329,140355,140359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140317,140318,140320,140322,140324,140327],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140319,34981],{"class":69},[63,140321,74],{"class":73},[63,140323,824],{"class":116},[63,140325,140326],{"class":120},"name:age:city:country",[63,140328,3694],{"class":116},[63,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140332,43127],{"class":69},[63,140334,74],{"class":73},[63,140336,43132],{"class":69},[63,140338,259],{"class":81},[63,140340,34762],{"class":145},[63,140342,113],{"class":81},[63,140344,117],{"class":116},[63,140346,821],{"class":120},[63,140348,117],{"class":116},[63,140350,89],{"class":81},[63,140352,92],{"class":85},[63,140354,126],{"class":81},[63,140356,140357],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140358,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,140362,140],{"class":139},[63,140364,113],{"class":81},[63,140366,43159],{"class":145},[63,140368,126],{"class":81},[14,140370,163],{},[54,140372,140374],{"className":56,"code":140373,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,140375,140376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140401,140403],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140379,173],{"class":81},[63,140381,193],{"class":116},[63,140383,816],{"class":120},[63,140385,193],{"class":116},[63,140387,89],{"class":81},[63,140389,203],{"class":116},[63,140391,836],{"class":120},[63,140393,193],{"class":116},[63,140395,89],{"class":81},[63,140397,203],{"class":116},[63,140399,140400],{"class":120},"city:country",[63,140402,193],{"class":116},[63,140404,186],{"class":81},[14,140406,2514],{},[29,140408,140409,140414,140419],{},[32,140410,140411,140412],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,140413,821],{},[32,140415,140416,140417],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,140418,821],{},[32,140420,140421],{},"then stops",[14,140423,140424],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140426,52372],{},[54,140428,140430],{"className":56,"code":140429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,140431,140432,140445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140443],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140435,34981],{"class":69},[63,140437,74],{"class":73},[63,140439,824],{"class":116},[63,140441,140442],{"class":120},"apple banana cherry grape",[63,140444,3694],{"class":116},[63,140446,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140448,140],{"class":139},[63,140450,113],{"class":81},[63,140452,35002],{"class":145},[63,140454,259],{"class":81},[63,140456,34762],{"class":145},[63,140458,113],{"class":81},[63,140460,117],{"class":116},[63,140462,824],{"class":116},[63,140464,89],{"class":81},[63,140466,692],{"class":85},[63,140468,100],{"class":81},[14,140470,163],{},[54,140472,140474],{"className":56,"code":140473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,140475,140476],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140493,140495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140479,173],{"class":81},[63,140481,193],{"class":116},[63,140483,408],{"class":120},[63,140485,193],{"class":116},[63,140487,89],{"class":81},[63,140489,203],{"class":116},[63,140491,140492],{"class":120},"banana cherry grape",[63,140494,193],{"class":116},[63,140496,186],{"class":81},[49,140498,4014,140500,12014],{"id":140499},"what-split-returns",[18,140501,60804],{},[14,140503,140504,140505,140507,140508,259],{},"The result of ",[18,140506,60804],{}," is always a ",[1217,140509,276],{},[14,140511,140512],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140514,2543],{},[54,140516,140518],{"className":56,"code":140517,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,140519,140520,140533,140555,140559,140569,140583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140521,140522,140524,140526,140528,140531],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140523,34981],{"class":69},[63,140525,74],{"class":73},[63,140527,824],{"class":116},[63,140529,140530],{"class":120},"cat,dog,bird",[63,140532,3694],{"class":116},[63,140534,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140536,43127],{"class":69},[63,140538,74],{"class":73},[63,140540,43132],{"class":69},[63,140542,259],{"class":81},[63,140544,34762],{"class":145},[63,140546,113],{"class":81},[63,140548,117],{"class":116},[63,140550,89],{"class":120},[63,140552,117],{"class":116},[63,140554,126],{"class":81},[63,140556,140557],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140558,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,140562,140],{"class":139},[63,140564,113],{"class":81},[63,140566,43159],{"class":145},[63,140568,126],{"class":81},[63,140570,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,140572,140],{"class":139},[63,140574,113],{"class":81},[63,140576,3557],{"class":77},[63,140578,113],{"class":81},[63,140580,43159],{"class":145},[63,140582,100],{"class":81},[63,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,140586,140],{"class":139},[63,140588,113],{"class":81},[63,140590,43159],{"class":145},[63,140592,173],{"class":81},[63,140594,687],{"class":85},[63,140596,2080],{"class":81},[14,140598,163],{},[54,140600,140602],{"className":56,"code":140601,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140603,140604,140632,140646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140607,173],{"class":81},[63,140609,193],{"class":116},[63,140611,580],{"class":120},[63,140613,193],{"class":116},[63,140615,89],{"class":81},[63,140617,203],{"class":116},[63,140619,58408],{"class":120},[63,140621,193],{"class":116},[63,140623,89],{"class":81},[63,140625,203],{"class":116},[63,140627,58425],{"class":120},[63,140629,193],{"class":116},[63,140631,186],{"class":81},[63,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140635,3626],{"class":73},[63,140637,3629],{"class":2402},[63,140639,203],{"class":116},[63,140641,276],{"class":120},[63,140643,193],{"class":116},[63,140645,3638],{"class":73},[63,140647,140648],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140649,85566],{"class":69},[14,140651,140652],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[29,140654,140655,140658,140661],{},[32,140656,140657],{},"loop over it",[32,140659,140660],{},"access items by index",[32,140662,140663],{},"combine items again later",[14,140665,140666,140667,259],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[196,140668,126452,140670,11046],{"href":140669},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140671,133534],{},[14,140673,2543],{},[54,140675,140677],{"className":56,"code":140676,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140678,140679,140711,140733,140737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140680,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140682,43127],{"class":69},[63,140684,74],{"class":73},[63,140686,1091],{"class":81},[63,140688,193],{"class":116},[63,140690,580],{"class":120},[63,140692,193],{"class":116},[63,140694,89],{"class":81},[63,140696,203],{"class":116},[63,140698,58408],{"class":120},[63,140700,193],{"class":116},[63,140702,89],{"class":81},[63,140704,203],{"class":116},[63,140706,58425],{"class":120},[63,140708,193],{"class":116},[63,140710,186],{"class":81},[63,140712,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140714,34981],{"class":69},[63,140716,74],{"class":73},[63,140718,824],{"class":116},[63,140720,2359],{"class":120},[63,140722,117],{"class":116},[63,140724,259],{"class":81},[63,140726,133611],{"class":145},[63,140728,113],{"class":81},[63,140730,43159],{"class":145},[63,140732,126],{"class":81},[63,140734,140735],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,140736,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,140738,140739,140741,140743,140745],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,140740,140],{"class":139},[63,140742,113],{"class":81},[63,140744,35002],{"class":145},[63,140746,126],{"class":81},[14,140748,163],{},[54,140750,140752],{"className":56,"code":140751,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140753,140754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140755,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140757,580],{"class":69},[63,140759,2359],{"class":73},[63,140761,58408],{"class":69},[63,140763,2359],{"class":73},[63,140765,140766],{"class":69},"bird\n",[49,140768,140770],{"id":140769},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140772,140773],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[486,140775,140777],{"id":140776},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[54,140779,140781],{"className":56,"code":140780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140782,140783,140791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140784,140785,140787,140789],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140786,34981],{"class":69},[63,140788,74],{"class":73},[63,140790,8199],{"class":116},[63,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140794,140],{"class":139},[63,140796,113],{"class":81},[63,140798,35002],{"class":145},[63,140800,259],{"class":81},[63,140802,34762],{"class":145},[63,140804,7515],{"class":81},[14,140806,163],{},[54,140808,140809],{"className":56,"code":364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,140810,140811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140812,140813],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140814,364],{"class":81},[486,140816,140818],{"id":140817},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[54,140820,140822],{"className":56,"code":140821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140823,140824,140832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140825,140826,140828,140830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140827,34981],{"class":69},[63,140829,74],{"class":73},[63,140831,8199],{"class":116},[63,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140835,140],{"class":139},[63,140837,113],{"class":81},[63,140839,35002],{"class":145},[63,140841,259],{"class":81},[63,140843,34762],{"class":145},[63,140845,113],{"class":81},[63,140847,117],{"class":116},[63,140849,89],{"class":120},[63,140851,117],{"class":116},[63,140853,100],{"class":81},[14,140855,163],{},[54,140857,140859],{"className":56,"code":140858,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['']\n",[18,140860,140861],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140862,140863,140865,140867],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140864,173],{"class":81},[63,140866,4110],{"class":116},[63,140868,186],{"class":81},[486,140870,140872],{"id":140871},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140874,140875],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[54,140877,140879],{"className":56,"code":140878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140880,140881,140893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140882,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140884,34981],{"class":69},[63,140886,74],{"class":73},[63,140888,824],{"class":116},[63,140890,1995],{"class":120},[63,140892,3694],{"class":116},[63,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,140896,140],{"class":139},[63,140898,113],{"class":81},[63,140900,35002],{"class":145},[63,140902,259],{"class":81},[63,140904,34762],{"class":145},[63,140906,113],{"class":81},[63,140908,117],{"class":116},[63,140910,89],{"class":120},[63,140912,117],{"class":116},[63,140914,100],{"class":81},[14,140916,163],{},[54,140918,140920],{"className":56,"code":140919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello']\n",[18,140921,140922],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,140923,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,140925,173],{"class":81},[63,140927,193],{"class":116},[63,140929,1995],{"class":120},[63,140931,193],{"class":116},[63,140933,186],{"class":81},[49,140935,5292,140937],{"id":140936},"when-to-use-split",[18,140938,60804],{},[14,140940,222,140941,140943],{},[18,140942,60804],{}," when you need to:",[29,140945,140946,140949,140952],{},[32,140947,140948],{},"split a sentence into words",[32,140950,140951],{},"split comma-separated values",[32,140953,140954],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140956,140957],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[29,140959,140960,140963,140966],{},[32,140961,140962],{},"cleaning text",[32,140964,140965],{},"parsing user input",[32,140967,140968],{},"processing simple file content",[49,140970,3167],{"id":3166},[14,140972,84337],{},[29,140974,140975,140979,140985,140988,140996],{},[32,140976,50798,140977,131672],{},[18,140978,60804],{},[32,140980,140981,140982,140984],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140983,60804],{}," returns a list, not a string",[32,140986,140987],{},"using the wrong separator",[32,140989,140990,140991,140993,140994],{},"assuming ",[18,140992,139930],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140995,60804],{},[32,140997,140998],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,141000,141001],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[54,141003,141005],{"className":56,"code":141004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,141006,141007,141019,141037,141041],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141008,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141010,34981],{"class":69},[63,141012,74],{"class":73},[63,141014,824],{"class":116},[63,141016,43120],{"class":120},[63,141018,3694],{"class":116},[63,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141022,35002],{"class":69},[63,141024,259],{"class":81},[63,141026,34762],{"class":145},[63,141028,113],{"class":81},[63,141030,117],{"class":116},[63,141032,89],{"class":120},[63,141034,117],{"class":116},[63,141036,126],{"class":81},[63,141038,141039],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141040,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141042,141043,141045,141047,141049],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141044,140],{"class":139},[63,141046,113],{"class":81},[63,141048,35002],{"class":145},[63,141050,126],{"class":81},[14,141052,163],{},[54,141054,141056],{"className":56,"code":141055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a,b,c\n",[18,141057,141058],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141061,196],{"class":69},[63,141063,89],{"class":81},[63,141065,206],{"class":69},[63,141067,89],{"class":81},[63,141069,69343],{"class":69},[14,141071,141072],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141074,11113],{},[54,141076,141077],{"className":56,"code":43107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,141078,141079,141091,141113,141117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141082,34981],{"class":69},[63,141084,74],{"class":73},[63,141086,824],{"class":116},[63,141088,43120],{"class":120},[63,141090,3694],{"class":116},[63,141092,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141094,43127],{"class":69},[63,141096,74],{"class":73},[63,141098,43132],{"class":69},[63,141100,259],{"class":81},[63,141102,34762],{"class":145},[63,141104,113],{"class":81},[63,141106,117],{"class":116},[63,141108,89],{"class":120},[63,141110,117],{"class":116},[63,141112,126],{"class":81},[63,141114,141115],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141116,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141118,141119,141121,141123,141125],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141120,140],{"class":139},[63,141122,113],{"class":81},[63,141124,43159],{"class":145},[63,141126,126],{"class":81},[14,141128,163],{},[54,141130,141131],{"className":56,"code":43166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,141132,141133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141136,173],{"class":81},[63,141138,193],{"class":116},[63,141140,196],{"class":120},[63,141142,193],{"class":116},[63,141144,89],{"class":81},[63,141146,203],{"class":116},[63,141148,206],{"class":120},[63,141150,193],{"class":116},[63,141152,89],{"class":81},[63,141154,203],{"class":116},[63,141156,215],{"class":120},[63,141158,193],{"class":116},[63,141160,186],{"class":81},[14,141162,141163],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[54,141165,141167],{"className":56,"code":141166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,141168,141169,141182,141204,141208],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141172,34981],{"class":69},[63,141174,74],{"class":73},[63,141176,824],{"class":116},[63,141178,141179],{"class":120},"apple,banana",[63,141181,3694],{"class":116},[63,141183,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141185,43127],{"class":69},[63,141187,74],{"class":73},[63,141189,43132],{"class":69},[63,141191,259],{"class":81},[63,141193,34762],{"class":145},[63,141195,113],{"class":81},[63,141197,117],{"class":116},[63,141199,89],{"class":120},[63,141201,117],{"class":116},[63,141203,126],{"class":81},[63,141205,141206],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141207,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141209,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141211,140],{"class":139},[63,141213,113],{"class":81},[63,141215,43159],{"class":145},[63,141217,173],{"class":81},[63,141219,2394],{"class":85},[63,141221,2080],{"class":81},[14,141223,141224,141225,259],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[196,141226,69356],{"href":69355},[486,141228,60983],{"id":60982},[14,141230,9192,141231,141233],{},[18,141232,60804],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[54,141235,141237],{"className":56,"code":141236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,141238,141239,141249,141263,141285,141311],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141240,141241,141243,141245,141247],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141242,140],{"class":139},[63,141244,113],{"class":81},[63,141246,35002],{"class":145},[63,141248,126],{"class":81},[63,141250,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141252,140],{"class":139},[63,141254,113],{"class":81},[63,141256,35002],{"class":145},[63,141258,259],{"class":81},[63,141260,34762],{"class":145},[63,141262,7515],{"class":81},[63,141264,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141266,140],{"class":139},[63,141268,113],{"class":81},[63,141270,35002],{"class":145},[63,141272,259],{"class":81},[63,141274,34762],{"class":145},[63,141276,113],{"class":81},[63,141278,193],{"class":116},[63,141280,89],{"class":120},[63,141282,193],{"class":116},[63,141284,100],{"class":81},[63,141286,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141288,140],{"class":139},[63,141290,113],{"class":81},[63,141292,11468],{"class":139},[63,141294,113],{"class":81},[63,141296,35002],{"class":145},[63,141298,259],{"class":81},[63,141300,34762],{"class":145},[63,141302,113],{"class":81},[63,141304,193],{"class":116},[63,141306,89],{"class":120},[63,141308,193],{"class":116},[63,141310,1965],{"class":81},[63,141312,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,141314,140],{"class":139},[63,141316,113],{"class":81},[63,141318,3557],{"class":77},[63,141320,113],{"class":81},[63,141322,35002],{"class":145},[63,141324,259],{"class":81},[63,141326,34762],{"class":145},[63,141328,113],{"class":81},[63,141330,193],{"class":116},[63,141332,89],{"class":120},[63,141334,193],{"class":116},[63,141336,1965],{"class":81},[14,141338,11477],{},[29,141340,141341,141344,141347,141350],{},[32,141342,141343],{},"what the original string looks like",[32,141345,141346],{},"which separator works",[32,141348,141349],{},"how many items were created",[32,141351,141352],{},"that the result is a list",[49,141354,2165],{"id":2164},[486,141356,2169,141358,4726,141360,2827],{"id":141357},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,141359,60804],{},[18,141361,139930],{},[14,141363,141364,141366],{},[18,141365,60804],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141368,141369,141371],{},[18,141370,139930],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[486,141373,13011,141375,124779],{"id":141374},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,141376,60804],{},[14,141378,141379,141380,56760],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,141381,60804],{},[486,141383,5469,141385,40250],{"id":141384},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,141386,139707],{},[14,141388,141389],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[486,141391,141393],{"id":141392},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141395,29352,141396,141398],{},[18,141397,60804],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[49,141400,2219],{"id":2218},[29,141402,141403,141407,141413,141419,141423],{},[32,141404,141405],{},[196,141406,130057],{"href":129135},[32,141408,141409],{},[196,141410,126452,141411,11046],{"href":140669},[18,141412,133534],{},[32,141414,141415],{},[196,141416,126452,141417,11046],{"href":137022},[18,141418,41943],{},[32,141420,141421],{},[196,141422,125207],{"href":51268},[32,141424,141425],{},[196,141426,69356],{"href":69355},[2259,141428,141429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":141431},[141432,141433,141435,141436,141441,141442,141444,141446,141451,141453,141456,141465],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":139537,"depth":103,"text":141434},"What split() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":139785,"depth":103,"text":141437,"children":141438},"Using split() with no separator",[141439],{"id":139925,"depth":129,"text":141440},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140088,"depth":103,"text":140089},{"id":140298,"depth":103,"text":141443},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140499,"depth":103,"text":141445},"What split() returns",{"id":140769,"depth":103,"text":140770,"children":141447},[141448,141449,141450],{"id":140776,"depth":129,"text":140777},{"id":140817,"depth":129,"text":140818},{"id":140871,"depth":129,"text":140872},{"id":140936,"depth":103,"text":141452},"When to use split()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":141454},[141455],{"id":60982,"depth":129,"text":60983},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":141457},[141458,141460,141462,141464],{"id":141357,"depth":129,"text":141459},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141374,"depth":129,"text":141461},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141384,"depth":129,"text":141463},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141392,"depth":129,"text":141393},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139446,"description":141466},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141473,"title":141474,"body":141475,"description":143418,"extension":2300,"meta":143419,"navigation":132,"path":143420,"seo":143421,"stem":143422,"__hash__":143423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141476,"toc":143377},[141477,141482,141487,141494,141567,141572,141577,141582,141598,141600,141670,141672,141674,141694,141696,141741,141746,141748,141846,141851,141855,141860,141864,141867,141909,141913,141916,141961,141965,141968,142018,142022,142027,142079,142081,142086,142097,142102,142182,142184,142196,142205,142212,142227,142229,142344,142350,142354,142357,142362,142504,142507,142514,142516,142520,142528,142597,142603,142652,142657,142662,142664,142684,142686,142752,142754,142758,142761,142765,142806,142808,142841,142846,142849,142876,142878,142921,142928,142933,142943,143009,143013,143021,143026,143077,143081,143084,143086,143095,143097,143147,143149,143256,143258,143263,143270,143276,143279,143310,143315,143317,143324,143332,143341,143344,143346,143374],[10,141478,123452,141480,11629],{"id":141479},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,141481,127820],{},[14,141483,123457,141484,141486],{},[18,141485,127820],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141488,126518,141489,1725,141491,141493],{},[18,141490,3941],{},[18,141492,4010],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[54,141495,141497],{"className":56,"code":141496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,141498,141499,141512,141516,141541],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141500,141501,141503,141505,141507,141510],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141502,34981],{"class":69},[63,141504,74],{"class":73},[63,141506,824],{"class":116},[63,141508,141509],{"class":120},"Python Beginner Help",[63,141511,3694],{"class":116},[63,141513,141514],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141515,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141517,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141519,140],{"class":139},[63,141521,113],{"class":81},[63,141523,35002],{"class":145},[63,141525,259],{"class":81},[63,141527,141528],{"class":145},"startswith",[63,141530,113],{"class":81},[63,141532,117],{"class":116},[63,141534,7617],{"class":120},[63,141536,117],{"class":116},[63,141538,5683],{"class":81},[63,141540,44146],{"class":1910},[63,141542,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141560,141562,141564],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141544,140],{"class":139},[63,141546,113],{"class":81},[63,141548,35002],{"class":145},[63,141550,259],{"class":81},[63,141552,141528],{"class":145},[63,141554,113],{"class":81},[63,141556,117],{"class":116},[63,141558,141559],{"class":120},"Beginner",[63,141561,117],{"class":116},[63,141563,5683],{"class":81},[63,141565,141566],{"class":1910}," # False\n",[14,141568,222,141569,141571],{},[18,141570,127820],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[49,141573,4014,141575,4017],{"id":141574},"what-startswith-does",[18,141576,127820],{},[14,141578,141579,141581],{},[18,141580,127820],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[29,141583,141584,141587,141593,141595],{},[32,141585,141586],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[32,141588,5475,141589,1725,141591],{},[18,141590,3941],{},[18,141592,4010],{},[32,141594,123595],{},[32,141596,141597],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141599,2543],{},[54,141601,141603],{"className":56,"code":141602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141604,141605,141617,141621,141646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141606,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141608,8194],{"class":69},[63,141610,74],{"class":73},[63,141612,824],{"class":116},[63,141614,7617],{"class":120},[63,141616,3694],{"class":116},[63,141618,141619],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141620,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141622,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141640,141642,141644],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141624,140],{"class":139},[63,141626,113],{"class":81},[63,141628,816],{"class":145},[63,141630,259],{"class":81},[63,141632,141528],{"class":145},[63,141634,113],{"class":81},[63,141636,117],{"class":116},[63,141638,141639],{"class":120},"Py",[63,141641,117],{"class":116},[63,141643,5683],{"class":81},[63,141645,44146],{"class":1910},[63,141647,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141649,140],{"class":139},[63,141651,113],{"class":81},[63,141653,816],{"class":145},[63,141655,259],{"class":81},[63,141657,141528],{"class":145},[63,141659,113],{"class":81},[63,141661,117],{"class":116},[63,141663,128898],{"class":120},[63,141665,117],{"class":116},[63,141667,5683],{"class":81},[63,141669,44163],{"class":1910},[49,141671,263],{"id":262},[14,141673,42675],{},[54,141675,141677],{"className":56,"code":141676,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141678,141679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141692],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141682,61446],{"class":69},[63,141684,259],{"class":81},[63,141686,141528],{"class":145},[63,141688,113],{"class":81},[63,141690,141691],{"class":145},"prefix",[63,141693,126],{"class":81},[14,141695,31055],{},[54,141697,141699],{"className":56,"code":141698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141700,141701,141719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141702,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141704,61446],{"class":69},[63,141706,259],{"class":81},[63,141708,141528],{"class":145},[63,141710,113],{"class":81},[63,141712,141691],{"class":145},[63,141714,89],{"class":81},[63,141716,36346],{"class":145},[63,141718,126],{"class":81},[63,141720,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141722,61446],{"class":69},[63,141724,259],{"class":81},[63,141726,141528],{"class":145},[63,141728,113],{"class":81},[63,141730,141691],{"class":145},[63,141732,89],{"class":81},[63,141734,36346],{"class":145},[63,141736,89],{"class":81},[63,141738,65137],{"class":145},[63,141740,126],{"class":81},[14,141742,21065,141743,141745],{},[18,141744,141691],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141747,2543],{},[54,141749,141751],{"className":56,"code":141750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141752,141753,141765,141769,141794,141818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141754,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141756,34981],{"class":69},[63,141758,74],{"class":73},[63,141760,824],{"class":116},[63,141762,60683],{"class":120},[63,141764,3694],{"class":116},[63,141766,141767],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141768,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,141772,140],{"class":139},[63,141774,113],{"class":81},[63,141776,35002],{"class":145},[63,141778,259],{"class":81},[63,141780,141528],{"class":145},[63,141782,113],{"class":81},[63,141784,117],{"class":116},[63,141786,1995],{"class":120},[63,141788,117],{"class":116},[63,141790,5683],{"class":81},[63,141792,141793],{"class":1910},"      # True\n",[63,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,141797,140],{"class":139},[63,141799,113],{"class":81},[63,141801,35002],{"class":145},[63,141803,259],{"class":81},[63,141805,141528],{"class":145},[63,141807,113],{"class":81},[63,141809,117],{"class":116},[63,141811,60864],{"class":120},[63,141813,117],{"class":116},[63,141815,5683],{"class":81},[63,141817,21495],{"class":1910},[63,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,141821,140],{"class":139},[63,141823,113],{"class":81},[63,141825,35002],{"class":145},[63,141827,259],{"class":81},[63,141829,141528],{"class":145},[63,141831,113],{"class":81},[63,141833,117],{"class":116},[63,141835,60864],{"class":120},[63,141837,117],{"class":116},[63,141839,89],{"class":81},[63,141841,37934],{"class":85},[63,141843,5683],{"class":81},[63,141845,44146],{"class":1910},[14,141847,141848,141849,259],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[196,141850,125207],{"href":51268},[49,141852,141854],{"id":141853},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141856,141857,141859],{},[18,141858,127820],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[486,141861,141862],{"id":141691},[18,141863,141691],{},[14,141865,141866],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[54,141868,141870],{"className":56,"code":141869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141871,141872,141884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141873,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141875,34981],{"class":69},[63,141877,74],{"class":73},[63,141879,824],{"class":116},[63,141881,427],{"class":120},[63,141883,3694],{"class":116},[63,141885,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141903,141905,141907],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141887,140],{"class":139},[63,141889,113],{"class":81},[63,141891,35002],{"class":145},[63,141893,259],{"class":81},[63,141895,141528],{"class":145},[63,141897,113],{"class":81},[63,141899,117],{"class":116},[63,141901,141902],{"class":120},"ban",[63,141904,117],{"class":116},[63,141906,5683],{"class":81},[63,141908,4000],{"class":1910},[486,141910,141911],{"id":36367},[18,141912,36367],{},[14,141914,141915],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[54,141917,141919],{"className":56,"code":141918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141920,141921,141933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141922,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141924,34981],{"class":69},[63,141926,74],{"class":73},[63,141928,824],{"class":116},[63,141930,60683],{"class":120},[63,141932,3694],{"class":116},[63,141934,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141936,140],{"class":139},[63,141938,113],{"class":81},[63,141940,35002],{"class":145},[63,141942,259],{"class":81},[63,141944,141528],{"class":145},[63,141946,113],{"class":81},[63,141948,117],{"class":116},[63,141950,60864],{"class":120},[63,141952,117],{"class":116},[63,141954,89],{"class":81},[63,141956,37934],{"class":85},[63,141958,5683],{"class":81},[63,141960,4000],{"class":1910},[486,141962,141963],{"id":52951},[18,141964,52951],{},[14,141966,141967],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[54,141969,141971],{"className":56,"code":141970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141972,141973,141985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,141974,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,141976,34981],{"class":69},[63,141978,74],{"class":73},[63,141980,824],{"class":116},[63,141982,60683],{"class":120},[63,141984,3694],{"class":116},[63,141986,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,141988,140],{"class":139},[63,141990,113],{"class":81},[63,141992,35002],{"class":145},[63,141994,259],{"class":81},[63,141996,141528],{"class":145},[63,141998,113],{"class":81},[63,142000,117],{"class":116},[63,142002,142003],{"class":120},"wor",[63,142005,117],{"class":116},[63,142007,89],{"class":81},[63,142009,37934],{"class":85},[63,142011,89],{"class":81},[63,142013,54423],{"class":85},[63,142015,5683],{"class":81},[63,142017,4000],{"class":1910},[486,142019,142021],{"id":142020},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,142023,142024,142026],{},[18,142025,141691],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[54,142028,142030],{"className":56,"code":142029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,142031,142032,142045],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142033,142034,142036,142038,142040,142043],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142035,126535],{"class":69},[63,142037,74],{"class":73},[63,142039,824],{"class":116},[63,142041,142042],{"class":120},"img_001.png",[63,142044,3694],{"class":116},[63,142046,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142064,142066,142068,142070,142073,142075,142077],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142048,140],{"class":139},[63,142050,113],{"class":81},[63,142052,126553],{"class":145},[63,142054,259],{"class":81},[63,142056,141528],{"class":145},[63,142058,82],{"class":81},[63,142060,117],{"class":116},[63,142062,142063],{"class":120},"img_",[63,142065,117],{"class":116},[63,142067,89],{"class":81},[63,142069,824],{"class":116},[63,142071,142072],{"class":120},"photo_",[63,142074,117],{"class":116},[63,142076,51383],{"class":81},[63,142078,4000],{"class":1910},[49,142080,17715],{"id":17714},[14,142082,142083,142085],{},[18,142084,127820],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[29,142087,142088,142093],{},[32,142089,142090,142092],{},[18,142091,3941],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[32,142094,142095,127137],{},[18,142096,4010],{},[14,142098,142099,142100,7493],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,142101,7318],{},[54,142103,142105],{"className":56,"code":142104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,142106,142107,142121,142125,142146,142161,142167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142108,142109,142112,142114,142116,142119],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142110,142111],{"class":69},"command ",[63,142113,74],{"class":73},[63,142115,824],{"class":116},[63,142117,142118],{"class":120},"\u002Fhelp",[63,142120,3694],{"class":116},[63,142122,142123],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142124,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142126,142127,142129,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142128,7318],{"class":1155},[63,142130,142131],{"class":69}," command",[63,142133,259],{"class":81},[63,142135,141528],{"class":145},[63,142137,113],{"class":81},[63,142139,117],{"class":116},[63,142141,127344],{"class":120},[63,142143,117],{"class":116},[63,142145,8657],{"class":81},[63,142147,142148,142150,142152,142154,142157,142159],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142149,8386],{"class":139},[63,142151,113],{"class":81},[63,142153,117],{"class":116},[63,142155,142156],{"class":120},"This looks like a command.",[63,142158,117],{"class":116},[63,142160,126],{"class":81},[63,142162,142163,142165],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,142164,27724],{"class":1155},[63,142166,6713],{"class":81},[63,142168,142169,142171,142173,142175,142178,142180],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,142170,8386],{"class":139},[63,142172,113],{"class":81},[63,142174,117],{"class":116},[63,142176,142177],{"class":120},"This is normal text.",[63,142179,117],{"class":116},[63,142181,126],{"class":81},[14,142183,163],{},[54,142185,142187],{"className":56,"code":142186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,142188,142189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142190,142191,142194],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142192,142193],{"class":69},"This looks like a command",[63,142195,122484],{"class":81},[49,142197,8733,142199,9021,142201,4726,142203],{"id":142198},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,142200,127820],{},[18,142202,36367],{},[18,142204,52951],{},[14,142206,2317,142207,4726,142209,142211],{},[18,142208,36367],{},[18,142210,52951],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[29,142213,142214,142219,142224],{},[32,142215,142216,142218],{},[18,142217,36367],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[32,142220,142221,142223],{},[18,142222,52951],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[32,142225,142226],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142228,2543],{},[54,142230,142232],{"className":56,"code":142231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,142233,142234,142246,142250,142279,142312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142235,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142237,34981],{"class":69},[63,142239,74],{"class":73},[63,142241,824],{"class":116},[63,142243,139731],{"class":120},[63,142245,3694],{"class":116},[63,142247,142248],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142249,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142253,140],{"class":139},[63,142255,113],{"class":81},[63,142257,35002],{"class":145},[63,142259,259],{"class":81},[63,142261,141528],{"class":145},[63,142263,113],{"class":81},[63,142265,117],{"class":116},[63,142267,79368],{"class":120},[63,142269,117],{"class":116},[63,142271,89],{"class":81},[63,142273,705],{"class":85},[63,142275,5683],{"class":81},[63,142277,142278],{"class":1910},"        # True\n",[63,142280,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142308,142310],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142282,140],{"class":139},[63,142284,113],{"class":81},[63,142286,35002],{"class":145},[63,142288,259],{"class":81},[63,142290,141528],{"class":145},[63,142292,113],{"class":81},[63,142294,117],{"class":116},[63,142296,134338],{"class":120},[63,142298,117],{"class":116},[63,142300,89],{"class":81},[63,142302,6679],{"class":85},[63,142304,89],{"class":81},[63,142306,142307],{"class":85}," 13",[63,142309,5683],{"class":81},[63,142311,4000],{"class":1910},[63,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,142315,140],{"class":139},[63,142317,113],{"class":81},[63,142319,35002],{"class":145},[63,142321,259],{"class":81},[63,142323,141528],{"class":145},[63,142325,113],{"class":81},[63,142327,117],{"class":116},[63,142329,134338],{"class":120},[63,142331,117],{"class":116},[63,142333,89],{"class":81},[63,142335,6679],{"class":85},[63,142337,89],{"class":81},[63,142339,31234],{"class":85},[63,142341,5683],{"class":81},[63,142343,5102],{"class":1910},[14,142345,142346,142347,142349],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,142348,52951],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[49,142351,142353],{"id":142352},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142355,142356],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142358,142359,142360,49640],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,142361,41127],{},[54,142363,142365],{"className":56,"code":142364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,142366,142367,142381,142395,142409,142413,142437,142441,142462,142483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142368,142369,142372,142374,142376,142379],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142370,142371],{"class":69},"filename1 ",[63,142373,74],{"class":73},[63,142375,824],{"class":116},[63,142377,142378],{"class":120},"img_101.jpg",[63,142380,3694],{"class":116},[63,142382,142383,142386,142388,142390,142393],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142384,142385],{"class":69},"filename2 ",[63,142387,74],{"class":73},[63,142389,824],{"class":116},[63,142391,142392],{"class":120},"photo_202.jpg",[63,142394,3694],{"class":116},[63,142396,142397,142400,142402,142404,142407],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142398,142399],{"class":69},"filename3 ",[63,142401,74],{"class":73},[63,142403,824],{"class":116},[63,142405,142406],{"class":120},"doc_303.jpg",[63,142408,3694],{"class":116},[63,142410,142411],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142412,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,142416,127747],{"class":69},[63,142418,74],{"class":73},[63,142420,1687],{"class":81},[63,142422,117],{"class":116},[63,142424,142063],{"class":120},[63,142426,117],{"class":116},[63,142428,89],{"class":81},[63,142430,824],{"class":116},[63,142432,142072],{"class":120},[63,142434,117],{"class":116},[63,142436,126],{"class":81},[63,142438,142439],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,142440,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142442,142443,142445,142447,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,142444,140],{"class":139},[63,142446,113],{"class":81},[63,142448,142449],{"class":145},"filename1",[63,142451,259],{"class":81},[63,142453,141528],{"class":145},[63,142455,113],{"class":81},[63,142457,127799],{"class":145},[63,142459,5683],{"class":81},[63,142461,4000],{"class":1910},[63,142463,142464,142466,142468,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,142465,140],{"class":139},[63,142467,113],{"class":81},[63,142469,142470],{"class":145},"filename2",[63,142472,259],{"class":81},[63,142474,141528],{"class":145},[63,142476,113],{"class":81},[63,142478,127799],{"class":145},[63,142480,5683],{"class":81},[63,142482,4000],{"class":1910},[63,142484,142485,142487,142489,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,142486,140],{"class":139},[63,142488,113],{"class":81},[63,142490,142491],{"class":145},"filename3",[63,142493,259],{"class":81},[63,142495,141528],{"class":145},[63,142497,113],{"class":81},[63,142499,127799],{"class":145},[63,142501,5683],{"class":81},[63,142503,5102],{"class":1910},[14,142505,142506],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142508,74869,142509,142513],{},[196,142510,126452,142511,11046],{"href":130046},[18,142512,126510],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[49,142515,124099],{"id":124098},[14,142517,142518,123910],{},[18,142519,127820],{},[14,142521,127497,142522,4726,142525,127504],{},[18,142523,142524],{},"\"Python\"",[18,142526,142527],{},"\"python\"",[54,142529,142531],{"className":56,"code":142530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,142532,142533,142545,142549,142573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142536,34981],{"class":69},[63,142538,74],{"class":73},[63,142540,824],{"class":116},[63,142542,7617],{"class":120},[63,142544,3694],{"class":116},[63,142546,142547],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142548,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142550,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142552,140],{"class":139},[63,142554,113],{"class":81},[63,142556,35002],{"class":145},[63,142558,259],{"class":81},[63,142560,141528],{"class":145},[63,142562,113],{"class":81},[63,142564,117],{"class":116},[63,142566,141639],{"class":120},[63,142568,117],{"class":116},[63,142570,5683],{"class":81},[63,142572,4000],{"class":1910},[63,142574,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142576,140],{"class":139},[63,142578,113],{"class":81},[63,142580,35002],{"class":145},[63,142582,259],{"class":81},[63,142584,141528],{"class":145},[63,142586,113],{"class":81},[63,142588,117],{"class":116},[63,142590,128898],{"class":120},[63,142592,117],{"class":116},[63,142594,5683],{"class":81},[63,142596,5102],{"class":1910},[14,142598,127589,142599,259],{},[196,142600,142601],{"href":124179},[18,142602,124182],{},[54,142604,142606],{"className":56,"code":142605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142607,142608,142620,142624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142609,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142611,34981],{"class":69},[63,142613,74],{"class":73},[63,142615,824],{"class":116},[63,142617,7617],{"class":120},[63,142619,3694],{"class":116},[63,142621,142622],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142623,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142625,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142627,140],{"class":139},[63,142629,113],{"class":81},[63,142631,35002],{"class":145},[63,142633,259],{"class":81},[63,142635,8957],{"class":145},[63,142637,8954],{"class":81},[63,142639,141528],{"class":145},[63,142641,113],{"class":81},[63,142643,117],{"class":116},[63,142645,128898],{"class":120},[63,142647,117],{"class":116},[63,142649,5683],{"class":81},[63,142651,4000],{"class":1910},[49,142653,5292,142655],{"id":142654},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142656,127820],{},[14,142658,142659,142661],{},[18,142660,127820],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142663,9681],{},[29,142665,142666,142669,142672,142681],{},[32,142667,142668],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[32,142670,142671],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[32,142673,142674,142675,1725,142678],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142676,142677],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142679,142680],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[32,142682,142683],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142685,2543],{},[54,142687,142689],{"className":56,"code":142688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142690,142691,142704,142708,142737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142692,142693,142695,142697,142699,142702],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142694,127315],{"class":69},[63,142696,74],{"class":73},[63,142698,824],{"class":116},[63,142700,142701],{"class":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[63,142703,3694],{"class":116},[63,142705,142706],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142707,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142709,142710,142712,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142711,7318],{"class":1155},[63,142713,142714],{"class":69}," url",[63,142716,259],{"class":81},[63,142718,141528],{"class":145},[63,142720,82],{"class":81},[63,142722,117],{"class":116},[63,142724,142677],{"class":120},[63,142726,117],{"class":116},[63,142728,89],{"class":81},[63,142730,824],{"class":116},[63,142732,142680],{"class":120},[63,142734,117],{"class":116},[63,142736,69660],{"class":81},[63,142738,142739,142741,142743,142745,142748,142750],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142740,8386],{"class":139},[63,142742,113],{"class":81},[63,142744,117],{"class":116},[63,142746,142747],{"class":120},"This looks like a web URL.",[63,142749,117],{"class":116},[63,142751,126],{"class":81},[49,142753,3167],{"id":3166},[14,142755,23387,142756,259],{},[18,142757,127820],{},[486,142759,138892],{"id":142760},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142762,142763,123910],{},[18,142764,127820],{},[54,142766,142768],{"className":56,"code":142767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142769,142770,142782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142771,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142773,34981],{"class":69},[63,142775,74],{"class":73},[63,142777,824],{"class":116},[63,142779,7617],{"class":120},[63,142781,3694],{"class":116},[63,142783,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142785,140],{"class":139},[63,142787,113],{"class":81},[63,142789,35002],{"class":145},[63,142791,259],{"class":81},[63,142793,141528],{"class":145},[63,142795,113],{"class":81},[63,142797,117],{"class":116},[63,142799,58],{"class":120},[63,142801,117],{"class":116},[63,142803,5683],{"class":81},[63,142805,5102],{"class":1910},[14,142807,39551],{},[54,142809,142811],{"className":56,"code":142810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142812,142813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142814,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142816,140],{"class":139},[63,142818,113],{"class":81},[63,142820,35002],{"class":145},[63,142822,259],{"class":81},[63,142824,8957],{"class":145},[63,142826,8954],{"class":81},[63,142828,141528],{"class":145},[63,142830,113],{"class":81},[63,142832,117],{"class":116},[63,142834,58],{"class":120},[63,142836,117],{"class":116},[63,142838,5683],{"class":81},[63,142840,4000],{"class":1910},[486,142842,29941,142844,137374],{"id":142843},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142845,127820],{},[14,142847,142848],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[54,142850,142852],{"className":56,"code":142851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142853,142854,142862,142866,142871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142855,142856,142858,142860],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142857,2782],{"class":69},[63,142859,74],{"class":73},[63,142861,125134],{"class":85},[63,142863,142864],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142865,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142867,142868],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142869,142870],{"class":1910},"# This will cause an error:\n",[63,142872,142873],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142874,142875],{"class":1910},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142877,39551],{},[54,142879,142881],{"className":56,"code":142880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142882,142883,142897],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142884,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142886,2782],{"class":69},[63,142888,74],{"class":73},[63,142890,49196],{"class":77},[63,142892,113],{"class":81},[63,142894,50538],{"class":85},[63,142896,126],{"class":81},[63,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142900,140],{"class":139},[63,142902,113],{"class":81},[63,142904,2807],{"class":145},[63,142906,259],{"class":81},[63,142908,141528],{"class":145},[63,142910,113],{"class":81},[63,142912,117],{"class":116},[63,142914,86],{"class":120},[63,142916,117],{"class":116},[63,142918,5683],{"class":81},[63,142920,4000],{"class":1910},[486,142922,37494,142924,9021,142926],{"id":142923},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142925,127820],{},[18,142927,4217],{},[14,142929,142930,142932],{},[18,142931,127820],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142934,142935,142936,142938,142939,259],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142937,4217],{}," or methods like ",[196,142940,142941],{"href":124462},[18,142942,124447],{},[54,142944,142946],{"className":56,"code":142945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142947,142948,142960,142964,142988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,142949,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,142951,34981],{"class":69},[63,142953,74],{"class":73},[63,142955,824],{"class":116},[63,142957,60683],{"class":120},[63,142959,3694],{"class":116},[63,142961,142962],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,142963,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,142965,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,142967,140],{"class":139},[63,142969,113],{"class":81},[63,142971,35002],{"class":145},[63,142973,259],{"class":81},[63,142975,141528],{"class":145},[63,142977,113],{"class":81},[63,142979,117],{"class":116},[63,142981,60864],{"class":120},[63,142983,117],{"class":116},[63,142985,5683],{"class":81},[63,142987,5102],{"class":1910},[63,142989,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,142991,140],{"class":139},[63,142993,113],{"class":81},[63,142995,117],{"class":116},[63,142997,60864],{"class":120},[63,142999,117],{"class":116},[63,143001,21468],{"class":1155},[63,143003,43132],{"class":145},[63,143005,3997],{"class":81},[63,143007,143008],{"class":1910},"           # True\n",[14,143010,135926,143011,259],{},[196,143012,127488],{"href":123707},[486,143014,5035,143016,4726,143018,143020],{"id":143015},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,143017,36367],{},[18,143019,52951],{}," use index positions",[14,143022,143023,143024,259],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,143025,687],{},[54,143027,143029],{"className":56,"code":143028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,143030,143031,143044,143048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143032,143033,143035,143037,143039,143042],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143034,34981],{"class":69},[63,143036,74],{"class":73},[63,143038,824],{"class":116},[63,143040,143041],{"class":120},"abcdef",[63,143043,3694],{"class":116},[63,143045,143046],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143047,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,143049,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143051,140],{"class":139},[63,143053,113],{"class":81},[63,143055,35002],{"class":145},[63,143057,259],{"class":81},[63,143059,141528],{"class":145},[63,143061,113],{"class":81},[63,143063,117],{"class":116},[63,143065,143066],{"class":120},"cd",[63,143068,117],{"class":116},[63,143070,89],{"class":81},[63,143072,92],{"class":85},[63,143074,5683],{"class":81},[63,143076,4000],{"class":1910},[486,143078,143080],{"id":143079},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143082,143083],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143085,16941],{},[54,143087,143089],{"className":56,"code":143088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,143090,143091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143092,143093],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143094,143088],{"class":1910},[14,143096,16953],{},[54,143098,143100],{"className":56,"code":143099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,143101,143102,143114],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143103,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143105,34981],{"class":69},[63,143107,74],{"class":73},[63,143109,824],{"class":116},[63,143111,7617],{"class":120},[63,143113,3694],{"class":116},[63,143115,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143141,143143,143145],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143117,140],{"class":139},[63,143119,113],{"class":81},[63,143121,35002],{"class":145},[63,143123,259],{"class":81},[63,143125,141528],{"class":145},[63,143127,82],{"class":81},[63,143129,117],{"class":116},[63,143131,141639],{"class":120},[63,143133,117],{"class":116},[63,143135,89],{"class":81},[63,143137,824],{"class":116},[63,143139,143140],{"class":120},"Ja",[63,143142,117],{"class":116},[63,143144,51383],{"class":81},[63,143146,4000],{"class":1910},[14,143148,32374],{},[54,143150,143152],{"className":56,"code":143151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,143153,143154,143164,143178,143200,143226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143155,143156,143158,143160,143162],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143157,140],{"class":139},[63,143159,113],{"class":81},[63,143161,35002],{"class":145},[63,143163,126],{"class":81},[63,143165,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143167,140],{"class":139},[63,143169,113],{"class":81},[63,143171,3557],{"class":77},[63,143173,113],{"class":81},[63,143175,35002],{"class":145},[63,143177,100],{"class":81},[63,143179,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143181,140],{"class":139},[63,143183,113],{"class":81},[63,143185,35002],{"class":145},[63,143187,259],{"class":81},[63,143189,141528],{"class":145},[63,143191,113],{"class":81},[63,143193,117],{"class":116},[63,143195,141639],{"class":120},[63,143197,117],{"class":116},[63,143199,100],{"class":81},[63,143201,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,143203,140],{"class":139},[63,143205,113],{"class":81},[63,143207,35002],{"class":145},[63,143209,259],{"class":81},[63,143211,8957],{"class":145},[63,143213,8954],{"class":81},[63,143215,141528],{"class":145},[63,143217,113],{"class":81},[63,143219,117],{"class":116},[63,143221,128898],{"class":120},[63,143223,117],{"class":116},[63,143225,100],{"class":81},[63,143227,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,143229,140],{"class":139},[63,143231,113],{"class":81},[63,143233,35002],{"class":145},[63,143235,259],{"class":81},[63,143237,141528],{"class":145},[63,143239,82],{"class":81},[63,143241,117],{"class":116},[63,143243,141639],{"class":120},[63,143245,117],{"class":116},[63,143247,89],{"class":81},[63,143249,824],{"class":116},[63,143251,143140],{"class":120},[63,143253,117],{"class":116},[63,143255,1965],{"class":81},[49,143257,2165],{"id":2164},[486,143259,13011,143261,128298],{"id":143260},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,143262,127820],{},[14,143264,143265,143266,1725,143268,259],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,143267,3941],{},[18,143269,4010],{},[486,143271,5497,143273,143275],{"id":143272},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,143274,127820],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143277,143278],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[54,143280,143282],{"className":56,"code":143281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,143283,143284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143285,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143287,35002],{"class":69},[63,143289,259],{"class":81},[63,143291,141528],{"class":145},[63,143293,82],{"class":81},[63,143295,117],{"class":116},[63,143297,196],{"class":120},[63,143299,117],{"class":116},[63,143301,89],{"class":81},[63,143303,824],{"class":116},[63,143305,206],{"class":120},[63,143307,117],{"class":116},[63,143309,100],{"class":81},[486,143311,15199,143313,124788],{"id":143312},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,143314,127820],{},[14,143316,129981],{},[486,143318,2169,143320,4726,143322,2827],{"id":143319},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,143321,127820],{},[18,143323,4217],{},[14,143325,143326,143328,143329,143331],{},[18,143327,127820],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,143330,4217],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[486,143333,28619,143335,4726,143337,9021,143339,2827],{"id":143334},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,143336,36367],{},[18,143338,52951],{},[18,143340,127820],{},[14,143342,143343],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[49,143345,2219],{"id":2218},[29,143347,143348,143354,143360,143366,143370],{},[32,143349,143350],{},[196,143351,126452,143352,11046],{"href":130046},[18,143353,126510],{},[32,143355,143356],{},[196,143357,126452,143358,11046],{"href":124462},[18,143359,124447],{},[32,143361,143362],{},[196,143363,126452,143364,11046],{"href":124179},[18,143365,124182],{},[32,143367,143368],{},[196,143369,124851],{"href":123707},[32,143371,143372],{},[196,143373,125207],{"href":51268},[2259,143375,143376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":141853,"depth":103,"text":141854,"children":143383},[143384,143385,143386,143387],{"id":141691,"depth":129,"text":141691},{"id":36367,"depth":129,"text":36367},{"id":52951,"depth":129,"text":52951},{"id":142020,"depth":129,"text":142021},{"id":17714,"depth":103,"text":17715},{"id":142198,"depth":103,"text":143390},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142352,"depth":103,"text":142353},{"id":124098,"depth":103,"text":124099},{"id":142654,"depth":103,"text":143394},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":143396},[143397,143398,143400,143402,143404],{"id":142760,"depth":129,"text":138892},{"id":142843,"depth":129,"text":143399},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142923,"depth":129,"text":143401},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143015,"depth":129,"text":143403},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143079,"depth":129,"text":143080},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":143406},[143407,143409,143411,143413,143415],{"id":143260,"depth":129,"text":143408},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143272,"depth":129,"text":143410},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143312,"depth":129,"text":143412},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143319,"depth":129,"text":143414},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143334,"depth":129,"text":143416},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141474,"description":143418},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143425,"title":143426,"body":143427,"description":144881,"extension":2300,"meta":144882,"navigation":132,"path":144883,"seo":144884,"stem":144885,"__hash__":144886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143428,"toc":144851},[143429,143434,143439,143442,143444,143488,143490,143498,143503,143508,143513,143515,143533,143535,143581,143583,143597,143606,143610,143612,143614,143626,143631,143634,143666,143668,143677,143682,143685,143726,143728,143736,143738,143751,143757,143761,143764,143780,143782,143831,143833,143842,143845,143904,143906,143915,143922,143925,143978,143980,144004,144011,144017,144021,144027,144030,144041,144043,144083,144085,144093,144095,144135,144137,144146,144148,144166,144169,144176,144187,144190,144207,144209,144286,144288,144319,144322,144324,144327,144353,144355,144395,144397,144406,144416,144424,144432,144437,144442,144444,144458,144460,144511,144513,144522,144532,144534,144536,144558,144561,144640,144642,144678,144681,144756,144761,144763,144769,144774,144779,144782,144788,144791,144798,144806,144810,144818,144820,144848],[10,143430,123452,143432,11629],{"id":143431},"python-string-strip-method",[18,143433,41943],{},[14,143435,32609,143436,143438],{},[18,143437,41943],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143440,143441],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[49,143443,3946],{"id":3945},[54,143445,143447],{"className":56,"code":143446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,143448,143449,143462,143477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143450,143451,143453,143455,143457,143460],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143452,34981],{"class":69},[63,143454,74],{"class":73},[63,143456,824],{"class":116},[63,143458,143459],{"class":120},"  hello  ",[63,143461,3694],{"class":116},[63,143463,143464,143467,143469,143471,143473,143475],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143465,143466],{"class":69},"clean_text ",[63,143468,74],{"class":73},[63,143470,43132],{"class":69},[63,143472,259],{"class":81},[63,143474,8951],{"class":145},[63,143476,279],{"class":81},[63,143478,143479,143481,143483,143486],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143480,140],{"class":139},[63,143482,113],{"class":81},[63,143484,143485],{"class":145},"clean_text",[63,143487,126],{"class":81},[14,143489,163],{},[54,143491,143492],{"className":56,"code":138767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,143493,143494],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143495,143496],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143497,138767],{"class":69},[14,143499,222,143500,143502],{},[18,143501,41943],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[49,143504,4014,143506,4017],{"id":143505},"what-strip-does",[18,143507,41943],{},[14,143509,143510,143512],{},[18,143511,41943],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143514,13357],{},[29,143516,143517,143521,143524,143527,143530],{},[32,143518,143519,131802],{},[18,143520,41943],{},[32,143522,143523],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[32,143525,143526],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[32,143528,143529],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[32,143531,143532],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143534,2543],{},[54,143536,143538],{"className":56,"code":143537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,143539,143540,143553,143557,143571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143543,34981],{"class":69},[63,143545,74],{"class":73},[63,143547,824],{"class":116},[63,143549,143550],{"class":120},"  hello world  ",[63,143552,3694],{"class":116},[63,143554,143555],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143556,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,143558,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143560,140],{"class":139},[63,143562,113],{"class":81},[63,143564,35002],{"class":145},[63,143566,259],{"class":81},[63,143568,8951],{"class":145},[63,143570,7515],{"class":81},[63,143572,143573,143575,143577,143579],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,143574,140],{"class":139},[63,143576,113],{"class":81},[63,143578,35002],{"class":145},[63,143580,126],{"class":81},[14,143582,163],{},[54,143584,143586],{"className":56,"code":143585,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143587,143588,143592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143589,143590],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143591,134468],{"class":69},[63,143593,143594],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143595,143596],{"class":69},"  hello world\n",[14,143598,143599,143600,143602,143603,143605],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143601,41943],{},", but the original ",[18,143604,35002],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143607,125204,143608,259],{},[196,143609,125207],{"href":51268},[49,143611,263],{"id":262},[14,143613,266],{},[29,143615,143616,143621],{},[32,143617,143618],{},[18,143619,143620],{},"string.strip()",[32,143622,143623],{},[18,143624,143625],{},"string.strip(chars)",[486,143627,143629],{"id":143628},"stringstrip",[18,143630,143620],{},[14,143632,143633],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[54,143635,143637],{"className":56,"code":143636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143638,143639,143652],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143640,143641,143643,143645,143647,143650],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143642,8194],{"class":69},[63,143644,74],{"class":73},[63,143646,824],{"class":116},[63,143648,143649],{"class":120},"  Alice  ",[63,143651,3694],{"class":116},[63,143653,143654,143656,143658,143660,143662,143664],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143655,140],{"class":139},[63,143657,113],{"class":81},[63,143659,816],{"class":145},[63,143661,259],{"class":81},[63,143663,8951],{"class":145},[63,143665,7515],{"class":81},[14,143667,163],{},[54,143669,143671],{"className":56,"code":143670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Alice\n",[18,143672,143673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143674,143675],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143676,143670],{"class":69},[486,143678,143680],{"id":143679},"stringstripchars",[18,143681,143625],{},[14,143683,143684],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[54,143686,143688],{"className":56,"code":143687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143689,143690,143703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143691,143692,143694,143696,143698,143701],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143693,34981],{"class":69},[63,143695,74],{"class":73},[63,143697,824],{"class":116},[63,143699,143700],{"class":120},"!!hello??",[63,143702,3694],{"class":116},[63,143704,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143722,143724],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143706,140],{"class":139},[63,143708,113],{"class":81},[63,143710,35002],{"class":145},[63,143712,259],{"class":81},[63,143714,8951],{"class":145},[63,143716,113],{"class":81},[63,143718,117],{"class":116},[63,143720,143721],{"class":120},"!?",[63,143723,117],{"class":116},[63,143725,100],{"class":81},[14,143727,163],{},[54,143729,143730],{"className":56,"code":138767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,143731,143732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143733,143734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143735,138767],{"class":69},[14,143737,83918],{},[29,143739,143740,143745],{},[32,143741,143742,143744],{},[18,143743,134711],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[32,143746,143747,143748,143750],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143749,134711],{}," does not matter",[49,143752,143754,143755],{"id":143753},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143756,41943],{},[14,143758,31176,143759,259],{},[18,143760,41943],{},[14,143762,143763],{},"It is useful for:",[29,143765,143766,143771,143774,143777],{},[32,143767,143768,143769,4220],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143770,3294],{},[32,143772,143773],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[32,143775,143776],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[32,143778,143779],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143781,48653],{},[54,143783,143785],{"className":56,"code":143784,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143786,143787,143800,143816,143820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143788,143789,143791,143793,143795,143798],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143790,8278],{"class":69},[63,143792,74],{"class":73},[63,143794,824],{"class":116},[63,143796,143797],{"class":120},"  sam  ",[63,143799,3694],{"class":116},[63,143801,143802,143805,143807,143810,143812,143814],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143803,143804],{"class":69},"clean_username ",[63,143806,74],{"class":73},[63,143808,143809],{"class":69}," username",[63,143811,259],{"class":81},[63,143813,8951],{"class":145},[63,143815,279],{"class":81},[63,143817,143818],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143819,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,143821,143822,143824,143826,143829],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,143823,140],{"class":139},[63,143825,113],{"class":81},[63,143827,143828],{"class":145},"clean_username",[63,143830,126],{"class":81},[14,143832,163],{},[54,143834,143836],{"className":56,"code":143835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sam\n",[18,143837,143838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143839,143840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143841,143835],{"class":69},[14,143843,143844],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[54,143846,143848],{"className":56,"code":143847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143849,143850,143863,143867,143889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143851,143852,143854,143856,143858,143861],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143853,136695],{"class":69},[63,143855,74],{"class":73},[63,143857,824],{"class":116},[63,143859,143860],{"class":120}," yes  ",[63,143862,3694],{"class":116},[63,143864,143865],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143866,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,143868,143869,143871,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143870,7318],{"class":1155},[63,143872,136715],{"class":69},[63,143874,259],{"class":81},[63,143876,8951],{"class":145},[63,143878,7686],{"class":81},[63,143880,6728],{"class":73},[63,143882,824],{"class":116},[63,143884,8974],{"class":120},[63,143886,117],{"class":116},[63,143888,6713],{"class":81},[63,143890,143891,143893,143895,143897,143900,143902],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,143892,8386],{"class":139},[63,143894,113],{"class":81},[63,143896,117],{"class":116},[63,143898,143899],{"class":120},"Matched",[63,143901,117],{"class":116},[63,143903,126],{"class":81},[14,143905,163],{},[54,143907,143909],{"className":56,"code":143908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Matched\n",[18,143910,143911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143912,143913],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143914,143908],{"class":69},[14,143916,143917,143918,259],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[196,143919,143921],{"href":143920},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143923,143924],{},"Example with file-style text:",[54,143926,143928],{"className":56,"code":143927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143929,143930,143946,143960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143931,143932,143935,143937,143939,143942,143944],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143933,143934],{"class":69},"line ",[63,143936,74],{"class":73},[63,143938,824],{"class":116},[63,143940,143941],{"class":120},"Python basics",[63,143943,87250],{"class":34746},[63,143945,3694],{"class":116},[63,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143949,140],{"class":139},[63,143951,113],{"class":81},[63,143953,42069],{"class":139},[63,143955,113],{"class":81},[63,143957,65],{"class":145},[63,143959,100],{"class":81},[63,143961,143962,143964,143966,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,143963,140],{"class":139},[63,143965,113],{"class":81},[63,143967,42069],{"class":139},[63,143969,113],{"class":81},[63,143971,65],{"class":145},[63,143973,259],{"class":81},[63,143975,8951],{"class":145},[63,143977,1561],{"class":81},[14,143979,163],{},[54,143981,143983],{"className":56,"code":143982,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143984,143985,143996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,143986,143987,143989,143991,143994],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,143988,193],{"class":43619},[63,143990,143941],{"class":43623},[63,143992,87250],{"class":143993},"sfi6f",[63,143995,29991],{"class":43619},[63,143997,143998,144000,144002],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,143999,193],{"class":43619},[63,144001,143941],{"class":43623},[63,144003,29991],{"class":43619},[14,144005,8733,144006,144008,144009,259],{},[18,144007,122666],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,144010,87250],{},[14,144012,144013,144014,259],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[196,144015,144016],{"href":87903},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[49,144018,144020],{"id":144019},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,144022,144023,144024,259],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,144025,144026],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144028,144029],{},"Python will:",[29,144031,144032,144035,144038],{},[32,144033,144034],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[32,144036,144037],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[32,144039,144040],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144042,2543],{},[54,144044,144046],{"className":56,"code":144045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,144047,144048,144061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144049,144050,144052,144054,144056,144059],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144051,34981],{"class":69},[63,144053,74],{"class":73},[63,144055,824],{"class":116},[63,144057,144058],{"class":120},"??hello!!",[63,144060,3694],{"class":116},[63,144062,144063,144065,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144064,140],{"class":139},[63,144066,113],{"class":81},[63,144068,35002],{"class":145},[63,144070,259],{"class":81},[63,144072,8951],{"class":145},[63,144074,113],{"class":81},[63,144076,117],{"class":116},[63,144078,143721],{"class":120},[63,144080,117],{"class":116},[63,144082,100],{"class":81},[14,144084,163],{},[54,144086,144087],{"className":56,"code":138767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,144088,144089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144090,144091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144092,138767],{"class":69},[14,144094,52372],{},[54,144096,144098],{"className":56,"code":144097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,144099,144100,144113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144101,144102,144104,144106,144108,144111],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144103,34981],{"class":69},[63,144105,74],{"class":73},[63,144107,824],{"class":116},[63,144109,144110],{"class":120},"abcHelloCba",[63,144112,3694],{"class":116},[63,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144116,140],{"class":139},[63,144118,113],{"class":81},[63,144120,35002],{"class":145},[63,144122,259],{"class":81},[63,144124,8951],{"class":145},[63,144126,113],{"class":81},[63,144128,117],{"class":116},[63,144130,121],{"class":120},[63,144132,117],{"class":116},[63,144134,100],{"class":81},[14,144136,163],{},[54,144138,144140],{"className":56,"code":144139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloC\n",[18,144141,144142],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144143,144144],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144145,144139],{"class":69},[14,144147,6555],{},[14,144149,144150,14352,144153,144155,144156,144158,144159,2524,144161,2528,144163,144165],{},[18,144151,144152],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1217,144154,4961],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,144157,121],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,144160,196],{},[18,144162,206],{},[18,144164,215],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144167,144168],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144170,144171,144172,6951],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[196,144173,144174],{"href":130033},[18,144175,124623],{},[49,144177,144179,10891,144181,10891,144184],{"id":144178},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,144180,41943],{},[18,144182,144183],{},"lstrip()",[18,144185,144186],{},"rstrip()",[14,144188,144189],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[29,144191,144192,144197,144202],{},[32,144193,144194,144196],{},[18,144195,41943],{}," removes from both ends",[32,144198,144199,144201],{},[18,144200,144183],{}," removes from the left side only",[32,144203,144204,144206],{},[18,144205,144186],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144208,2543],{},[54,144210,144212],{"className":56,"code":144211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,144213,144214,144226,144230,144248,144267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144217,34981],{"class":69},[63,144219,74],{"class":73},[63,144221,824],{"class":116},[63,144223,143459],{"class":120},[63,144225,3694],{"class":116},[63,144227,144228],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144229,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,144231,144232,144234,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144233,140],{"class":139},[63,144235,113],{"class":81},[63,144237,42069],{"class":139},[63,144239,113],{"class":81},[63,144241,35002],{"class":145},[63,144243,259],{"class":81},[63,144245,8951],{"class":145},[63,144247,1561],{"class":81},[63,144249,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144265],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144251,140],{"class":139},[63,144253,113],{"class":81},[63,144255,42069],{"class":139},[63,144257,113],{"class":81},[63,144259,35002],{"class":145},[63,144261,259],{"class":81},[63,144263,144264],{"class":145},"lstrip",[63,144266,1561],{"class":81},[63,144268,144269,144271,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144284],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,144270,140],{"class":139},[63,144272,113],{"class":81},[63,144274,42069],{"class":139},[63,144276,113],{"class":81},[63,144278,35002],{"class":145},[63,144280,259],{"class":81},[63,144282,144283],{"class":145},"rstrip",[63,144285,1561],{"class":81},[14,144287,163],{},[54,144289,144291],{"className":56,"code":144290,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,144292,144293,144301,144310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144294,144295,144297,144299],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144296,193],{"class":43619},[63,144298,1995],{"class":43623},[63,144300,29991],{"class":43619},[63,144302,144303,144305,144308],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144304,193],{"class":43619},[63,144306,144307],{"class":43623},"hello  ",[63,144309,29991],{"class":43619},[63,144311,144312,144314,144317],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144313,193],{"class":43619},[63,144315,144316],{"class":43623},"  hello",[63,144318,29991],{"class":43619},[14,144320,144321],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[49,144323,108460],{"id":108459},[14,144325,144326],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[29,144328,144329,144337,144347,144350],{},[32,144330,144331,144333,144334,144336],{},[18,144332,144152],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,144335,41820],{}," once",[32,144338,144339,144340,2524,144342,2528,144344,144346],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,144341,196],{},[18,144343,206],{},[18,144345,215],{}," from both ends",[32,144348,144349],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[32,144351,144352],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144354,2543],{},[54,144356,144358],{"className":56,"code":144357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,144359,144360,144373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368,144371],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144363,126535],{"class":69},[63,144365,74],{"class":73},[63,144367,824],{"class":116},[63,144369,144370],{"class":120},"txt_report.txt",[63,144372,3694],{"class":116},[63,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391,144393],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144376,140],{"class":139},[63,144378,113],{"class":81},[63,144380,126553],{"class":145},[63,144382,259],{"class":81},[63,144384,8951],{"class":145},[63,144386,113],{"class":81},[63,144388,117],{"class":116},[63,144390,126588],{"class":120},[63,144392,117],{"class":116},[63,144394,100],{"class":81},[14,144396,163],{},[54,144398,144400],{"className":56,"code":144399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"_report\n",[18,144401,144402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144403,144404],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144405,144399],{"class":69},[14,144407,144408,144409,2524,144411,2528,144413,144415],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,144410,259],{},[18,144412,626],{},[18,144414,2509],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144417,53940,144418,5114,144421,144423],{},[18,144419,144420],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1217,144422,4961],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144425,144426,144427,144431],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[196,144428,144429],{"href":130033},[18,144430,124623],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[49,144433,5292,144435],{"id":144434},"when-to-use-strip",[18,144436,41943],{},[14,144438,222,144439,144441],{},[18,144440,41943],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144443,36716],{},[29,144445,144446,144450,144452,144455],{},[32,144447,143768,144448,4220],{},[18,144449,3294],{},[32,144451,143773],{},[32,144453,144454],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[32,144456,144457],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144459,2543],{},[54,144461,144463],{"className":56,"code":144462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,144464,144465,144479,144483,144496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144466,144467,144470,144472,144474,144477],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144468,144469],{"class":69},"email ",[63,144471,74],{"class":73},[63,144473,824],{"class":116},[63,144475,144476],{"class":120},"  user@example.com  ",[63,144478,3694],{"class":116},[63,144480,144481],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144482,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,144484,144485,144487,144490,144492,144494],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144486,7318],{"class":1155},[63,144488,144489],{"class":69}," email",[63,144491,259],{"class":81},[63,144493,8951],{"class":145},[63,144495,21890],{"class":81},[63,144497,144498,144500,144502,144504,144507,144509],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144499,8386],{"class":139},[63,144501,113],{"class":81},[63,144503,117],{"class":116},[63,144505,144506],{"class":120},"Email was entered",[63,144508,117],{"class":116},[63,144510,126],{"class":81},[14,144512,163],{},[54,144514,144516],{"className":56,"code":144515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Email was entered\n",[18,144517,144518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144519,144520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144521,144515],{"class":69},[14,144523,144524,144525,144527,144528,259],{},"You may also combine ",[18,144526,41943],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[196,144529,144530],{"href":124179},[18,144531,124182],{},[49,144533,3167],{"id":3166},[14,144535,84337],{},[29,144537,144538,144542,144547,144552],{},[32,144539,8769,144540,131672],{},[18,144541,41943],{},[32,144543,8769,144544,144546],{},[18,144545,41943],{}," to remove text from the middle",[32,144548,8733,144549,144551],{},[18,144550,144420],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[32,144553,5035,144554,144557],{},[18,144555,144556],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144559,144560],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[54,144562,144564],{"className":56,"code":144563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,144565,144566,144580,144584,144594,144608,144622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144567,144568,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144569,34981],{"class":69},[63,144571,74],{"class":73},[63,144573,824],{"class":116},[63,144575,144316],{"class":120},[63,144577,87250],{"class":34746},[63,144579,3694],{"class":116},[63,144581,144582],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144583,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144587,140],{"class":139},[63,144589,113],{"class":81},[63,144591,35002],{"class":145},[63,144593,126],{"class":81},[63,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144597,140],{"class":139},[63,144599,113],{"class":81},[63,144601,42069],{"class":139},[63,144603,113],{"class":81},[63,144605,35002],{"class":145},[63,144607,100],{"class":81},[63,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,144611,140],{"class":139},[63,144613,113],{"class":81},[63,144615,35002],{"class":145},[63,144617,259],{"class":81},[63,144619,8951],{"class":145},[63,144621,7515],{"class":81},[63,144623,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,144625,140],{"class":139},[63,144627,113],{"class":81},[63,144629,42069],{"class":139},[63,144631,113],{"class":81},[63,144633,35002],{"class":145},[63,144635,259],{"class":81},[63,144637,8951],{"class":145},[63,144639,1561],{"class":81},[14,144641,163],{},[54,144643,144645],{"className":56,"code":144644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144646,144647,144652,144656,144666,144670],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144648,144649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144650,144651],{"class":69},"  hello\n",[63,144653,144654],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144655,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,144657,144658,144660,144662,144664],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144659,193],{"class":43619},[63,144661,144316],{"class":43623},[63,144663,87250],{"class":143993},[63,144665,29991],{"class":43619},[63,144667,144668],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144669,138767],{"class":69},[63,144671,144672,144674,144676],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,144673,193],{"class":43619},[63,144675,1995],{"class":43623},[63,144677,29991],{"class":43619},[14,144679,144680],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[54,144682,144684],{"className":56,"code":144683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144685,144686,144696,144710,144724,144742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144689,140],{"class":139},[63,144691,113],{"class":81},[63,144693,35002],{"class":145},[63,144695,126],{"class":81},[63,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706,144708],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144699,140],{"class":139},[63,144701,113],{"class":81},[63,144703,42069],{"class":139},[63,144705,113],{"class":81},[63,144707,35002],{"class":145},[63,144709,100],{"class":81},[63,144711,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144713,140],{"class":139},[63,144715,113],{"class":81},[63,144717,35002],{"class":145},[63,144719,259],{"class":81},[63,144721,8951],{"class":145},[63,144723,7515],{"class":81},[63,144725,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144727,140],{"class":139},[63,144729,113],{"class":81},[63,144731,42069],{"class":139},[63,144733,113],{"class":81},[63,144735,35002],{"class":145},[63,144737,259],{"class":81},[63,144739,8951],{"class":145},[63,144741,1561],{"class":81},[63,144743,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752,144754],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,144745,32444],{"class":139},[63,144747,113],{"class":81},[63,144749,3779],{"class":77},[63,144751,259],{"class":81},[63,144753,8951],{"class":25042},[63,144755,126],{"class":81},[14,144757,144758,144760],{},[18,144759,122666],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[49,144762,2165],{"id":2164},[486,144764,13011,144766,144768],{"id":144765},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144767,41943],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144770,46656,144771,144773],{},[18,144772,41943],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[486,144775,13011,144777,124779],{"id":144776},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144778,41943],{},[14,144780,144781],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[486,144783,5469,144785,144787],{"id":144784},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144786,41943],{}," remove by default?",[14,144789,144790],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[486,144792,34498,144794,34501,144796,2827],{"id":144793},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144795,41943],{},[18,144797,124623],{},[14,144799,144800,144802,144803,144805],{},[18,144801,41943],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144804,124623],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[486,144807,144809],{"id":144808},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144811,128325,144812,144814,144815,144817],{},[18,144813,144183],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144816,144186],{}," for the right side.",[49,144819,2219],{"id":2218},[29,144821,144822,144828,144834,144839,144844],{},[32,144823,144824],{},[196,144825,126452,144826,11046],{"href":124179},[18,144827,124182],{},[32,144829,144830],{},[196,144831,126452,144832,11046],{"href":130033},[18,144833,124623],{},[32,144835,144836],{},[196,144837,144838],{"href":143920},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[32,144840,144841],{},[196,144842,144843],{"href":87903},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[32,144845,144846],{},[196,144847,125207],{"href":51268},[2259,144849,144850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":144852},[144853,144854,144856,144860,144862,144863,144865,144866,144868,144869,144880],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":143505,"depth":103,"text":144855},"What strip() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":144857},[144858,144859],{"id":143628,"depth":129,"text":143620},{"id":143679,"depth":129,"text":143625},{"id":143753,"depth":103,"text":144861},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144019,"depth":103,"text":144020},{"id":144178,"depth":103,"text":144864},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108459,"depth":103,"text":108460},{"id":144434,"depth":103,"text":144867},"When to use strip()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":144870},[144871,144873,144875,144877,144879],{"id":144765,"depth":129,"text":144872},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144776,"depth":129,"text":144874},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144784,"depth":129,"text":144876},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144793,"depth":129,"text":144878},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144808,"depth":129,"text":144809},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143426,"description":144881},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144888,"title":144889,"body":144890,"description":146070,"extension":2300,"meta":146071,"navigation":132,"path":146072,"seo":146073,"stem":146074,"__hash__":146075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144891,"toc":146040},[144892,144897,144902,144907,144909,144955,144963,144968,144982,144988,144990,144992,145007,145009,145019,145022,145053,145056,145079,145081,145084,145141,145143,145157,145159,145173,145179,145184,145187,145228,145230,145239,145247,145250,145295,145297,145306,145309,145313,145318,145332,145334,145366,145368,145388,145391,145396,145401,145403,145414,145417,145474,145476,145484,145493,145495,145497,145503,145505,145542,145544,145552,145554,145595,145597,145606,145611,145616,145618,145645,145652,145655,145686,145688,145697,145703,145712,145743,145745,145757,145770,145774,145779,145809,145811,145878,145880,145890,145892,145897,145900,145905,145910,145914,145920,145926,145929,145931,145989,145991,145999,146001,146037],[10,144893,123452,144895,11629],{"id":144894},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144896,128330],{},[14,144898,123457,144899,144901],{},[18,144900,128330],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144903,84714,144904,144906],{},[18,144905,128330],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[49,144908,52],{"id":51},[54,144910,144912],{"className":56,"code":144911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144913,144914,144926,144940,144950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144915,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,144917,34981],{"class":69},[63,144919,74],{"class":73},[63,144921,824],{"class":116},[63,144923,129171],{"class":120},[63,144925,3694],{"class":116},[63,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,144929,851],{"class":69},[63,144931,74],{"class":73},[63,144933,43132],{"class":69},[63,144935,259],{"class":81},[63,144937,34771],{"class":145},[63,144939,279],{"class":81},[63,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,144943,140],{"class":139},[63,144945,113],{"class":81},[63,144947,875],{"class":145},[63,144949,126],{"class":81},[63,144951,144952],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,144953,144954],{"class":1910},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144956,144957,144959,144960,144962],{},[18,144958,128330],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1217,144961,4961],{}," change the original string in place.",[49,144964,4014,144966,4017],{"id":144965},"what-upper-does",[18,144967,128330],{},[29,144969,144970,144975,144978,144980],{},[32,144971,144972,144974],{},[18,144973,128330],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[32,144976,144977],{},"It works on string values only",[32,144979,133700],{},[32,144981,136418],{},[14,144983,125204,144984,1725,144986,259],{},[196,144985,136424],{"href":136423},[196,144987,125207],{"href":51268},[49,144989,263],{"id":262},[14,144991,2495],{},[54,144993,144995],{"className":56,"code":144994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.upper()\n",[18,144996,144997],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145000,61446],{"class":69},[63,145002,259],{"class":81},[63,145004,34771],{"class":145},[63,145006,279],{"class":81},[14,145008,11766],{},[29,145010,145011,145013,145016],{},[32,145012,97625],{},[32,145014,145015],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[32,145017,145018],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,145020,145021],{},"Example with a variable:",[54,145023,145025],{"className":56,"code":145024,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,145026,145027,145039],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145028,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145030,8194],{"class":69},[63,145032,74],{"class":73},[63,145034,824],{"class":116},[63,145036,58],{"class":120},[63,145038,3694],{"class":116},[63,145040,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145042,140],{"class":139},[63,145044,113],{"class":81},[63,145046,816],{"class":145},[63,145048,259],{"class":81},[63,145050,34771],{"class":145},[63,145052,7515],{"class":81},[14,145054,145055],{},"Example with a string literal:",[54,145057,145059],{"className":56,"code":145058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,145060,145061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145064,140],{"class":139},[63,145066,113],{"class":81},[63,145068,117],{"class":116},[63,145070,1995],{"class":120},[63,145072,117],{"class":116},[63,145074,259],{"class":81},[63,145076,34771],{"class":145},[63,145078,7515],{"class":81},[49,145080,11783],{"id":11782},[14,145082,145083],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[54,145085,145087],{"className":56,"code":145086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,145088,145089,145101,145116,145120,145130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097,145099],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145092,6474],{"class":69},[63,145094,74],{"class":73},[63,145096,824],{"class":116},[63,145098,427],{"class":120},[63,145100,3694],{"class":116},[63,145102,145103,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145104,145105],{"class":69},"uppercase_word ",[63,145107,74],{"class":73},[63,145109,38671],{"class":69},[63,145111,259],{"class":81},[63,145113,34771],{"class":145},[63,145115,279],{"class":81},[63,145117,145118],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145119,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145121,145122,145124,145126,145128],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145123,140],{"class":139},[63,145125,113],{"class":81},[63,145127,38681],{"class":145},[63,145129,126],{"class":81},[63,145131,145132,145134,145136,145139],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,145133,140],{"class":139},[63,145135,113],{"class":81},[63,145137,145138],{"class":145},"uppercase_word",[63,145140,126],{"class":81},[14,145142,163],{},[54,145144,145146],{"className":56,"code":145145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,145147,145148,145152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145149,145150],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145151,70503],{"class":69},[63,145153,145154],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145155,145156],{"class":34746},"BANANA\n",[14,145158,112566],{},[29,145160,145161,145166],{},[32,145162,145163,145165],{},[18,145164,38681],{}," keeps its original value",[32,145167,145168,145170,145171],{},[18,145169,145138],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,145172,128330],{},[49,145174,145176,145178],{"id":145175},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,145177,128330],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145180,137084,145181,145183],{},[1217,145182,137087],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145185,145186],{},"So this method:",[54,145188,145190],{"className":56,"code":145189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145191,145192,145204,145214,145218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145193,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145195,8194],{"class":69},[63,145197,74],{"class":73},[63,145199,824],{"class":116},[63,145201,18100],{"class":120},[63,145203,3694],{"class":116},[63,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145207,816],{"class":69},[63,145209,259],{"class":81},[63,145211,34771],{"class":145},[63,145213,279],{"class":81},[63,145215,145216],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145217,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145219,145220,145222,145224,145226],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145221,140],{"class":139},[63,145223,113],{"class":81},[63,145225,816],{"class":145},[63,145227,126],{"class":81},[14,145229,163],{},[54,145231,145233],{"className":56,"code":145232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"alice\n",[18,145234,145235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145236,145237],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145238,145232],{"class":69},[14,145240,21272,145241,145243,145244,145246],{},[18,145242,128330],{}," was called, ",[18,145245,816],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145248,145249],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[54,145251,145253],{"className":56,"code":145252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,145254,145255,145267,145281,145285],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145256,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145258,8194],{"class":69},[63,145260,74],{"class":73},[63,145262,824],{"class":116},[63,145264,18100],{"class":120},[63,145266,3694],{"class":116},[63,145268,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277,145279],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145270,8194],{"class":69},[63,145272,74],{"class":73},[63,145274,36286],{"class":69},[63,145276,259],{"class":81},[63,145278,34771],{"class":145},[63,145280,279],{"class":81},[63,145282,145283],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145284,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145286,145287,145289,145291,145293],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145288,140],{"class":139},[63,145290,113],{"class":81},[63,145292,816],{"class":145},[63,145294,126],{"class":81},[14,145296,163],{},[54,145298,145300],{"className":56,"code":145299,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ALICE\n",[18,145301,145302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145303,145304],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145305,145299],{"class":34746},[14,145307,145308],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[49,145310,145312],{"id":145311},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145314,145315,145317],{},[18,145316,128330],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[29,145319,145320,145323,145326,145329],{},[32,145321,145322],{},"Numbers stay the same",[32,145324,145325],{},"Spaces stay the same",[32,145327,145328],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[32,145330,145331],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145333,2543],{},[54,145335,145337],{"className":56,"code":145336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145338,145339,145352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145340,145341,145343,145345,145347,145350],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145342,34981],{"class":69},[63,145344,74],{"class":73},[63,145346,824],{"class":116},[63,145348,145349],{"class":120},"Room 7, table #3!",[63,145351,3694],{"class":116},[63,145353,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145355,140],{"class":139},[63,145357,113],{"class":81},[63,145359,35002],{"class":145},[63,145361,259],{"class":81},[63,145363,34771],{"class":145},[63,145365,7515],{"class":81},[14,145367,163],{},[54,145369,145371],{"className":56,"code":145370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,145372,145373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145374,145375,145378,145380,145382,145385],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145376,145377],{"class":34746},"ROOM",[63,145379,6313],{"class":85},[63,145381,89],{"class":81},[63,145383,145384],{"class":34746}," TABLE",[63,145386,145387],{"class":1910}," #3!\n",[14,145389,145390],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[49,145392,5292,145394],{"id":145393},"when-to-use-upper",[18,145395,128330],{},[14,145397,145398,145400],{},[18,145399,128330],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145402,48631],{},[29,145404,145405,145408,145411],{},[32,145406,145407],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[32,145409,145410],{},"Format labels or headings",[32,145412,145413],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145415,145416],{},"Example: simple comparison",[54,145418,145420],{"className":56,"code":145419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,145421,145422,145434,145438,145460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145425,136695],{"class":69},[63,145427,74],{"class":73},[63,145429,824],{"class":116},[63,145431,8974],{"class":120},[63,145433,3694],{"class":116},[63,145435,145436],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145437,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145441,7318],{"class":1155},[63,145443,136715],{"class":69},[63,145445,259],{"class":81},[63,145447,34771],{"class":145},[63,145449,7686],{"class":81},[63,145451,6728],{"class":73},[63,145453,824],{"class":116},[63,145455,136702],{"class":120},[63,145457,117],{"class":116},[63,145459,6713],{"class":81},[63,145461,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470,145472],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145463,8386],{"class":139},[63,145465,113],{"class":81},[63,145467,117],{"class":116},[63,145469,143899],{"class":120},[63,145471,117],{"class":116},[63,145473,126],{"class":81},[14,145475,163],{},[54,145477,145478],{"className":56,"code":143908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,145479,145480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145481,145482],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145483,143908],{"class":69},[14,145485,145486,145487,2524,145489,2528,145491,259],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,145488,8974],{},[18,145490,137488],{},[18,145492,136702],{},[49,145494,3167],{"id":3166},[486,145496,95986],{"id":95985},[14,145498,8431,145499,145502],{},[18,145500,145501],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145504,16941],{},[54,145506,145508],{"className":56,"code":145507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145509,145510,145522,145532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145511,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145513,34981],{"class":69},[63,145515,74],{"class":73},[63,145517,824],{"class":116},[63,145519,1995],{"class":120},[63,145521,3694],{"class":116},[63,145523,145524,145526,145528,145530],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145525,35002],{"class":69},[63,145527,259],{"class":81},[63,145529,34771],{"class":145},[63,145531,279],{"class":81},[63,145533,145534,145536,145538,145540],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145535,140],{"class":139},[63,145537,113],{"class":81},[63,145539,35002],{"class":145},[63,145541,126],{"class":81},[14,145543,163],{},[54,145545,145546],{"className":56,"code":138767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,145547,145548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145549,145550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145551,138767],{"class":69},[14,145553,16953],{},[54,145555,145557],{"className":56,"code":145556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,145558,145559,145571,145585],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145560,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145562,34981],{"class":69},[63,145564,74],{"class":73},[63,145566,824],{"class":116},[63,145568,1995],{"class":120},[63,145570,3694],{"class":116},[63,145572,145573,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145574,34981],{"class":69},[63,145576,74],{"class":73},[63,145578,43132],{"class":69},[63,145580,259],{"class":81},[63,145582,34771],{"class":145},[63,145584,279],{"class":81},[63,145586,145587,145589,145591,145593],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145588,140],{"class":139},[63,145590,113],{"class":81},[63,145592,35002],{"class":145},[63,145594,126],{"class":81},[14,145596,163],{},[54,145598,145600],{"className":56,"code":145599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO\n",[18,145601,145602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145603,145604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145605,145599],{"class":34746},[486,145607,19203,145609,137374],{"id":145608},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145610,128330],{},[14,145612,145613,145615],{},[18,145614,128330],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145617,2543],{},[54,145619,145621],{"className":56,"code":145620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145622,145623,145631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145624,145625,145627,145629],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145626,2553],{"class":69},[63,145628,74],{"class":73},[63,145630,125134],{"class":85},[63,145632,145633,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145634,140],{"class":139},[63,145636,113],{"class":81},[63,145638,2575],{"class":145},[63,145640,259],{"class":81},[63,145642,34771],{"class":145},[63,145644,7515],{"class":81},[14,145646,39943,145647,145649,145650,33893],{},[18,145648,1039],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145651,128330],{},[14,145653,145654],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[54,145656,145658],{"className":56,"code":145657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145659,145660,145668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145661,145662,145664,145666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145663,2553],{"class":69},[63,145665,74],{"class":73},[63,145667,125134],{"class":85},[63,145669,145670,145672,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145671,140],{"class":139},[63,145673,113],{"class":81},[63,145675,3779],{"class":77},[63,145677,113],{"class":81},[63,145679,2575],{"class":145},[63,145681,8948],{"class":81},[63,145683,34771],{"class":145},[63,145685,7515],{"class":81},[14,145687,163],{},[54,145689,145691],{"className":56,"code":145690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"123\n",[18,145692,145693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145694,145695],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145696,145690],{"class":85},[486,145698,37494,145700,145702],{"id":145699},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145701,128330],{}," with title case",[14,145704,145705,145707,145708,145711],{},[18,145706,128330],{}," makes ",[1217,145709,145710],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[54,145713,145715],{"className":56,"code":145714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145716,145717,145729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145718,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145720,34981],{"class":69},[63,145722,74],{"class":73},[63,145724,824],{"class":116},[63,145726,60683],{"class":120},[63,145728,3694],{"class":116},[63,145730,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145732,140],{"class":139},[63,145734,113],{"class":81},[63,145736,35002],{"class":145},[63,145738,259],{"class":81},[63,145740,34771],{"class":145},[63,145742,7515],{"class":81},[14,145744,163],{},[54,145746,145748],{"className":56,"code":145747,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145749,145750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145751,145752,145754],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145753,136476],{"class":34746},[63,145755,145756],{"class":34746}," WORLD\n",[14,145758,145759,145760,145764,145765,145769],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[196,145761,145762],{"href":124179},[18,145763,124182],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[196,145766,145767],{"href":130033},[18,145768,124623],{}," changes parts of a string.",[49,145771,145773],{"id":145772},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145775,145776,145777,821],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145778,128330],{},[29,145780,145781,145788,145795,145802],{},[32,145782,145783,145787],{},[196,145784,145785],{"href":124179},[18,145786,124182],{}," for lowercase text",[32,145789,145790,145794],{},[196,145791,145792],{"href":137022},[18,145793,41943],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[32,145796,145797,145801],{},[196,145798,145799],{"href":130033},[18,145800,124623],{}," for changing parts of a string",[32,145803,145804,4726,145806,145808],{},[18,145805,127820],{},[18,145807,126510],{}," for checks",[14,145810,2543],{},[54,145812,145814],{"className":56,"code":145813,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145815,145816,145828,145832,145847,145863,145867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145817,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145819,34981],{"class":69},[63,145821,74],{"class":73},[63,145823,824],{"class":116},[63,145825,143550],{"class":120},[63,145827,3694],{"class":116},[63,145829,145830],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145831,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145833,145834,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145835,145836],{"class":69},"cleaned ",[63,145838,74],{"class":73},[63,145840,43132],{"class":69},[63,145842,259],{"class":81},[63,145844,8951],{"class":145},[63,145846,279],{"class":81},[63,145848,145849,145852,145854,145857,145859,145861],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145850,145851],{"class":69},"loud ",[63,145853,74],{"class":73},[63,145855,145856],{"class":69}," cleaned",[63,145858,259],{"class":81},[63,145860,34771],{"class":145},[63,145862,279],{"class":81},[63,145864,145865],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,145866,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145868,145869,145871,145873,145876],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,145870,140],{"class":139},[63,145872,113],{"class":81},[63,145874,145875],{"class":145},"loud",[63,145877,126],{"class":81},[14,145879,163],{},[54,145881,145882],{"className":56,"code":145747,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,145883,145884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145885,145886,145888],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145887,136476],{"class":34746},[63,145889,145756],{"class":34746},[49,145891,2165],{"id":2164},[486,145893,13011,145895,124779],{"id":145894},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145896,128330],{},[14,145898,145899],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[486,145901,13011,145903,137756],{"id":145902},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145904,128330],{},[14,145906,145907,145908,259],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145909,145501],{},[486,145911,145913],{"id":145912},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145915,145916,145917,145919],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145918,128330],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[486,145921,28619,145923,145925],{"id":145922},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145924,128330],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145927,145928],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145930,2543],{},[54,145932,145934],{"className":56,"code":145933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145935,145936,145948,145961,145965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145937,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145939,2890],{"class":69},[63,145941,74],{"class":73},[63,145943,824],{"class":116},[63,145945,58],{"class":120},[63,145947,3694],{"class":116},[63,145949,145950,145952,145954,145956,145959],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,145951,2918],{"class":69},[63,145953,74],{"class":73},[63,145955,824],{"class":116},[63,145957,145958],{"class":120},"PYTHON",[63,145960,3694],{"class":116},[63,145962,145963],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,145964,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,145966,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,145968,140],{"class":139},[63,145970,113],{"class":81},[63,145972,196],{"class":145},[63,145974,259],{"class":81},[63,145976,34771],{"class":145},[63,145978,7686],{"class":81},[63,145980,6728],{"class":73},[63,145982,2895],{"class":145},[63,145984,259],{"class":81},[63,145986,34771],{"class":145},[63,145988,7515],{"class":81},[14,145990,163],{},[54,145992,145993],{"className":56,"code":4313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,145994,145995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,145996,145997],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,145998,4313],{"class":1205},[49,146000,2219],{"id":2218},[29,146002,146003,146007,146013,146019,146025,146029,146033],{},[32,146004,146005],{},[196,146006,125207],{"href":51268},[32,146008,146009],{},[196,146010,126452,146011,11046],{"href":124179},[18,146012,124182],{},[32,146014,146015],{},[196,146016,126452,146017,11046],{"href":137022},[18,146018,41943],{},[32,146020,146021],{},[196,146022,126452,146023,11046],{"href":130033},[18,146024,124623],{},[32,146026,146027],{},[196,146028,90780],{"href":89789},[32,146030,146031],{},[196,146032,124851],{"href":123707},[32,146034,146035],{},[196,146036,137842],{"href":136423},[2259,146038,146039],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":146041},[146042,146043,146045,146046,146047,146049,146050,146052,146059,146060,146069],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":144965,"depth":103,"text":146044},"What upper() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":145175,"depth":103,"text":146048},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145311,"depth":103,"text":145312},{"id":145393,"depth":103,"text":146051},"When to use upper()",{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":146053},[146054,146055,146057],{"id":95985,"depth":129,"text":95986},{"id":145608,"depth":129,"text":146056},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145699,"depth":129,"text":146058},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145772,"depth":103,"text":145773},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":146061},[146062,146064,146066,146067],{"id":145894,"depth":129,"text":146063},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145902,"depth":129,"text":146065},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145912,"depth":129,"text":145913},{"id":145922,"depth":129,"text":146068},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144889,"description":146070},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146077,"title":146078,"body":146079,"description":147956,"extension":2300,"meta":147957,"navigation":132,"path":147958,"seo":147959,"stem":147960,"__hash__":147961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146080,"toc":147906},[146081,146087,146094,146100,146102,146158,146163,146168,146173,146176,146195,146198,146200,146224,146242,146253,146255,146258,146311,146313,146321,146323,146341,146346,146349,146406,146408,146417,146420,146440,146443,146449,146454,146456,146499,146501,146509,146512,146553,146555,146564,146570,146576,146603,146605,146613,146618,146622,146634,146677,146679,146687,146692,146698,146703,146707,146709,146752,146755,146802,146804,146813,146820,146824,146827,146873,146878,146882,146884,146927,146930,146938,146940,146945,146947,146949,146968,146971,146983,146985,147004,147006,147014,147018,147020,147071,147074,147149,147151,147159,147162,147166,147168,147215,147218,147289,147291,147299,147305,147307,147382,147386,147465,147467,147475,147481,147487,147492,147497,147546,147550,147621,147624,147629,147640,147643,147654,147664,147666,147671,147696,147701,147782,147784,147809,147811,147816,147819,147825,147834,147840,147843,147849,147855,147862,147865,147867,147903],[10,146082,3912,146084,3916],{"id":146083},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,146085,146086],{},"sum()",[14,146088,16,146089,146091,146092,25056],{},[18,146090,146086],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,146093,40],{},[14,146095,146096,146097,146099],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,146098,36367],{}," value and a few important limits.",[49,146101,52],{"id":51},[54,146103,146105],{"className":56,"code":146104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,146106,146107,146131,146146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146108,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146110,70],{"class":69},[63,146112,74],{"class":73},[63,146114,1091],{"class":81},[63,146116,86],{"class":85},[63,146118,89],{"class":81},[63,146120,92],{"class":85},[63,146122,89],{"class":81},[63,146124,97],{"class":85},[63,146126,89],{"class":81},[63,146128,705],{"class":85},[63,146130,186],{"class":81},[63,146132,146133,146135,146137,146140,146142,146144],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146134,41473],{"class":69},[63,146136,74],{"class":73},[63,146138,146139],{"class":139}," sum",[63,146141,113],{"class":81},[63,146143,146],{"class":145},[63,146145,126],{"class":81},[63,146147,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,146149,140],{"class":139},[63,146151,113],{"class":81},[63,146153,41502],{"class":145},[63,146155,3997],{"class":81},[63,146157,27085],{"class":1910},[14,146159,222,146160,146162],{},[18,146161,146086],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[49,146164,4014,146166,4017],{"id":146165},"what-sum-does",[18,146167,146086],{},[14,146169,146170,146172],{},[18,146171,146086],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146174,146175],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[29,146177,146178,146181,146184,146189],{},[32,146179,146180],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[32,146182,146183],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[32,146185,146186,146187],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,146188,716],{},[32,146190,146191,146192,146194],{},"Counting ",[18,146193,3941],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146196,146197],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[49,146199,263],{"id":262},[54,146201,146203],{"className":56,"code":146202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,146204,146205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146206,146207,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146208,146209],{"class":139},"sum",[63,146211,113],{"class":81},[63,146213,288],{"class":145},[63,146215,89],{"class":81},[63,146217,36346],{"class":9491},[63,146219,74],{"class":73},[63,146221,687],{"class":85},[63,146223,126],{"class":81},[29,146225,146226,146231,146236],{},[32,146227,146228,146230],{},[18,146229,288],{}," is the group of values to add",[32,146232,146233,146235],{},[18,146234,36367],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[32,146237,146238,146239],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,146240,146241],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146243,146244,146245,146248,146249,259],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146246,146247,288],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[196,146250,146251,1044],{"href":713},[18,146252,716],{},[49,146254,11783],{"id":11782},[14,146256,146257],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[54,146259,146261],{"className":56,"code":146260,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146262,146263,146283,146297,146301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146264,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146266,70],{"class":69},[63,146268,74],{"class":73},[63,146270,1091],{"class":81},[63,146272,661],{"class":85},[63,146274,89],{"class":81},[63,146276,6324],{"class":85},[63,146278,89],{"class":81},[63,146280,38227],{"class":85},[63,146282,186],{"class":81},[63,146284,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146286,41473],{"class":69},[63,146288,74],{"class":73},[63,146290,146139],{"class":139},[63,146292,113],{"class":81},[63,146294,146],{"class":145},[63,146296,126],{"class":81},[63,146298,146299],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,146300,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,146302,146303,146305,146307,146309],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,146304,140],{"class":139},[63,146306,113],{"class":81},[63,146308,41502],{"class":145},[63,146310,126],{"class":81},[14,146312,163],{},[54,146314,146315],{"className":56,"code":69937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,146316,146317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146318,146319],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146320,69937],{"class":85},[14,146322,11992],{},[29,146324,146325,146330,146336],{},[32,146326,146327,146329],{},[18,146328,146],{}," contains three integers",[32,146331,146332,146335],{},[18,146333,146334],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[32,146337,146338,146339],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,146340,41502],{},[49,146342,36903,146344,8749],{"id":146343},"using-the-start-value",[18,146345,36367],{},[14,146347,146348],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[54,146350,146352],{"className":56,"code":146351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146353,146354,146374,146392,146396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146355,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146357,70],{"class":69},[63,146359,74],{"class":73},[63,146361,1091],{"class":81},[63,146363,86],{"class":85},[63,146365,89],{"class":81},[63,146367,92],{"class":85},[63,146369,89],{"class":81},[63,146371,97],{"class":85},[63,146373,186],{"class":81},[63,146375,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146377,41473],{"class":69},[63,146379,74],{"class":73},[63,146381,146139],{"class":139},[63,146383,113],{"class":81},[63,146385,146],{"class":145},[63,146387,89],{"class":81},[63,146389,6324],{"class":85},[63,146391,126],{"class":81},[63,146393,146394],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,146395,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,146397,146398,146400,146402,146404],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,146399,140],{"class":139},[63,146401,113],{"class":81},[63,146403,41502],{"class":145},[63,146405,126],{"class":81},[14,146407,163],{},[54,146409,146411],{"className":56,"code":146410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"16\n",[18,146412,146413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146414,146415],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146416,146410],{"class":85},[14,146418,146419],{},"This works like:",[29,146421,146422,146427,146432,146436],{},[32,146423,146424,146425],{},"Start at ",[18,146426,741],{},[32,146428,146429,146430],{},"Add ",[18,146431,86],{},[32,146433,146429,146434],{},[18,146435,2394],{},[32,146437,146429,146438],{},[18,146439,1248],{},[14,146441,146442],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[49,146444,4014,146446,146448],{"id":146445},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,146447,146086],{}," can work with",[14,146450,146451,146453],{},[18,146452,146086],{}," works with numeric values.",[486,146455,40715],{"id":40714},[54,146457,146459],{"className":56,"code":146458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146460,146461,146485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146462,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146464,731],{"class":69},[63,146466,74],{"class":73},[63,146468,1091],{"class":81},[63,146470,86],{"class":85},[63,146472,89],{"class":81},[63,146474,92],{"class":85},[63,146476,89],{"class":81},[63,146478,97],{"class":85},[63,146480,89],{"class":81},[63,146482,705],{"class":85},[63,146484,186],{"class":81},[63,146486,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146488,140],{"class":139},[63,146490,113],{"class":81},[63,146492,146209],{"class":139},[63,146494,113],{"class":81},[63,146496,763],{"class":145},[63,146498,100],{"class":81},[14,146500,163],{},[54,146502,146503],{"className":56,"code":2711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,146504,146505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146506,146507],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146508,2711],{"class":85},[486,146510,146511],{"id":52338},"Floats",[54,146513,146515],{"className":56,"code":146514,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,146516,146517,146539],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146518,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146532,146534,146537],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146520,83145],{"class":69},[63,146522,74],{"class":73},[63,146524,1091],{"class":81},[63,146526,41449],{"class":85},[63,146528,89],{"class":81},[63,146530,146531],{"class":85}," 3.75",[63,146533,89],{"class":81},[63,146535,146536],{"class":85}," 1.25",[63,146538,186],{"class":81},[63,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146542,140],{"class":139},[63,146544,113],{"class":81},[63,146546,146209],{"class":139},[63,146548,113],{"class":81},[63,146550,83181],{"class":145},[63,146552,100],{"class":81},[14,146554,163],{},[54,146556,146558],{"className":56,"code":146557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.5\n",[18,146559,146560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146561,146562],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146563,146557],{"class":85},[14,146565,146566,146567,259],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[196,146568,146569],{"href":2754},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[486,146571,146573,146574],{"id":146572},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146575,716],{},[54,146577,146579],{"className":56,"code":146578,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146580,146581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146582,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146584,140],{"class":139},[63,146586,113],{"class":81},[63,146588,146209],{"class":139},[63,146590,113],{"class":81},[63,146592,40],{"class":139},[63,146594,113],{"class":81},[63,146596,86],{"class":85},[63,146598,89],{"class":81},[63,146600,37934],{"class":85},[63,146602,1965],{"class":81},[14,146604,163],{},[54,146606,146607],{"className":56,"code":47332,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,146608,146609],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146610,146611],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146612,47332],{"class":85},[14,146614,113656,146615,259],{},[18,146616,146617],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[486,146619,146621],{"id":146620},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146623,146624,146625,146627,146628,4726,146630,146627,146632,259],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146626,3941],{}," acts like ",[18,146629,86],{},[18,146631,4010],{},[18,146633,687],{},[54,146635,146637],{"className":56,"code":146636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146638,146639,146663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146640,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146642,52258],{"class":69},[63,146644,74],{"class":73},[63,146646,1091],{"class":81},[63,146648,3941],{"class":1205},[63,146650,89],{"class":81},[63,146652,4240],{"class":1205},[63,146654,89],{"class":81},[63,146656,4249],{"class":1205},[63,146658,89],{"class":81},[63,146660,4249],{"class":1205},[63,146662,186],{"class":81},[63,146664,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146666,140],{"class":139},[63,146668,113],{"class":81},[63,146670,146209],{"class":139},[63,146672,113],{"class":81},[63,146674,52311],{"class":145},[63,146676,100],{"class":81},[14,146678,163],{},[54,146680,146681],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,146682,146683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146684,146685],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146686,46908],{"class":85},[14,146688,146689,146690,259],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146691,3941],{},[49,146693,4014,146695,146697],{"id":146694},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146696,146086],{}," does not work with",[14,146699,146700,146702],{},[18,146701,146086],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[486,146704,146706],{"id":146705},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146708,3174],{},[54,146710,146712],{"className":56,"code":146711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146713,146714,146738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146715,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146717,4403],{"class":69},[63,146719,74],{"class":73},[63,146721,1091],{"class":81},[63,146723,117],{"class":116},[63,146725,1995],{"class":120},[63,146727,117],{"class":116},[63,146729,89],{"class":81},[63,146731,824],{"class":116},[63,146733,60864],{"class":120},[63,146735,117],{"class":116},[63,146737,186],{"class":81},[63,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146741,140],{"class":139},[63,146743,113],{"class":81},[63,146745,146209],{"class":139},[63,146747,113],{"class":81},[63,146749,4445],{"class":145},[63,146751,100],{"class":81},[14,146753,146754],{},"Use string joining instead:",[54,146756,146758],{"className":56,"code":146757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146759,146760,146784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146763,4403],{"class":69},[63,146765,74],{"class":73},[63,146767,1091],{"class":81},[63,146769,117],{"class":116},[63,146771,1995],{"class":120},[63,146773,117],{"class":116},[63,146775,89],{"class":81},[63,146777,824],{"class":116},[63,146779,60864],{"class":120},[63,146781,117],{"class":116},[63,146783,186],{"class":81},[63,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146787,140],{"class":139},[63,146789,113],{"class":81},[63,146791,6592],{"class":116},[63,146793,259],{"class":81},[63,146795,133611],{"class":145},[63,146797,113],{"class":81},[63,146799,4445],{"class":145},[63,146801,100],{"class":81},[14,146803,163],{},[54,146805,146807],{"className":56,"code":146806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"helloworld\n",[18,146808,146809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146810,146811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146812,146806],{"class":69},[14,146814,146815,146816,259],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[196,146817,146818,6102],{"href":42465},[18,146819,47975],{},[486,146821,146823],{"id":146822},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146825,146826],{},"This also causes an error:",[54,146828,146830],{"className":56,"code":146829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146831,146832,146859],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146833,146834,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146835,146836],{"class":69},"lists ",[63,146838,74],{"class":73},[63,146840,1234],{"class":81},[63,146842,86],{"class":85},[63,146844,89],{"class":81},[63,146846,92],{"class":85},[63,146848,1243],{"class":81},[63,146850,1091],{"class":81},[63,146852,1248],{"class":85},[63,146854,89],{"class":81},[63,146856,705],{"class":85},[63,146858,1255],{"class":81},[63,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146862,140],{"class":139},[63,146864,113],{"class":81},[63,146866,146209],{"class":139},[63,146868,113],{"class":81},[63,146870,932],{"class":145},[63,146872,100],{"class":81},[14,146874,146875,146877],{},[18,146876,146086],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[486,146879,146881],{"id":146880},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146883,5794],{},[54,146885,146887],{"className":56,"code":146886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146888,146889,146913],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146890,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146892,731],{"class":69},[63,146894,74],{"class":73},[63,146896,1091],{"class":81},[63,146898,86],{"class":85},[63,146900,89],{"class":81},[63,146902,92],{"class":85},[63,146904,89],{"class":81},[63,146906,824],{"class":116},[63,146908,1248],{"class":120},[63,146910,117],{"class":116},[63,146912,186],{"class":81},[63,146914,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,146916,140],{"class":139},[63,146918,113],{"class":81},[63,146920,146209],{"class":139},[63,146922,113],{"class":81},[63,146924,763],{"class":145},[63,146926,100],{"class":81},[14,146928,146929],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146931,146932,146933,146935,146936,259],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146934,66042],{},", convert them first. See ",[196,146937,3299],{"href":3298},[49,146939,41795],{"id":41794},[14,146941,146942,146943,259],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146944,146086],{},[486,146946,6844],{"id":6843},[14,146948,1900],{},[54,146950,146952],{"className":56,"code":146951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146953,146954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146955,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146957,140],{"class":139},[63,146959,113],{"class":81},[63,146961,146209],{"class":139},[63,146963,113],{"class":81},[63,146965,661],{"class":85},[63,146967,100],{"class":81},[14,146969,146970],{},"Why it fails:",[29,146972,146973,146978],{},[32,146974,146975,146977],{},[18,146976,661],{}," is a single integer",[32,146979,146980,146982],{},[18,146981,146086],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146984,6874],{},[54,146986,146988],{"className":56,"code":146987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146989,146990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,146991,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,146993,140],{"class":139},[63,146995,113],{"class":81},[63,146997,146209],{"class":139},[63,146999,2071],{"class":81},[63,147001,661],{"class":85},[63,147003,3334],{"class":81},[14,147005,163],{},[54,147007,147008],{"className":56,"code":3283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,147009,147010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147011,147012],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147013,3283],{"class":85},[486,147015,147017],{"id":147016},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,147019,1900],{},[54,147021,147023],{"className":56,"code":147022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147024,147025,147057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147026,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147028,731],{"class":69},[63,147030,74],{"class":73},[63,147032,1091],{"class":81},[63,147034,117],{"class":116},[63,147036,86],{"class":120},[63,147038,117],{"class":116},[63,147040,89],{"class":81},[63,147042,824],{"class":116},[63,147044,2394],{"class":120},[63,147046,117],{"class":116},[63,147048,89],{"class":81},[63,147050,824],{"class":116},[63,147052,1248],{"class":120},[63,147054,117],{"class":116},[63,147056,186],{"class":81},[63,147058,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147060,140],{"class":139},[63,147062,113],{"class":81},[63,147064,146209],{"class":139},[63,147066,113],{"class":81},[63,147068,763],{"class":145},[63,147070,100],{"class":81},[14,147072,147073],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[54,147075,147077],{"className":56,"code":147076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147078,147079,147111,147139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147080,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147082,731],{"class":69},[63,147084,74],{"class":73},[63,147086,1091],{"class":81},[63,147088,117],{"class":116},[63,147090,86],{"class":120},[63,147092,117],{"class":116},[63,147094,89],{"class":81},[63,147096,824],{"class":116},[63,147098,2394],{"class":120},[63,147100,117],{"class":116},[63,147102,89],{"class":81},[63,147104,824],{"class":116},[63,147106,1248],{"class":120},[63,147108,117],{"class":116},[63,147110,186],{"class":81},[63,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147114,41473],{"class":69},[63,147116,74],{"class":73},[63,147118,146139],{"class":139},[63,147120,113],{"class":81},[63,147122,1039],{"class":77},[63,147124,113],{"class":81},[63,147126,2509],{"class":145},[63,147128,3997],{"class":81},[63,147130,4211],{"class":1155},[63,147132,4214],{"class":145},[63,147134,4217],{"class":1155},[63,147136,4220],{"class":145},[63,147138,126],{"class":81},[63,147140,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,147142,140],{"class":139},[63,147144,113],{"class":81},[63,147146,41502],{"class":145},[63,147148,126],{"class":81},[14,147150,163],{},[54,147152,147153],{"className":56,"code":2991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,147154,147155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147156,147157],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147158,2991],{"class":85},[14,147160,147161],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[486,147163,147165],{"id":147164},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147167,1900],{},[54,147169,147171],{"className":56,"code":147170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,147172,147173,147201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147176,731],{"class":69},[63,147178,74],{"class":73},[63,147180,1091],{"class":81},[63,147182,86],{"class":85},[63,147184,89],{"class":81},[63,147186,92],{"class":85},[63,147188,89],{"class":81},[63,147190,824],{"class":116},[63,147192,1248],{"class":120},[63,147194,117],{"class":116},[63,147196,89],{"class":81},[63,147198,705],{"class":85},[63,147200,186],{"class":81},[63,147202,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147204,140],{"class":139},[63,147206,113],{"class":81},[63,147208,146209],{"class":139},[63,147210,113],{"class":81},[63,147212,763],{"class":145},[63,147214,100],{"class":81},[14,147216,147217],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[54,147219,147221],{"className":56,"code":147220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147222,147223,147251,147279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147224,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147226,731],{"class":69},[63,147228,74],{"class":73},[63,147230,1091],{"class":81},[63,147232,86],{"class":85},[63,147234,89],{"class":81},[63,147236,92],{"class":85},[63,147238,89],{"class":81},[63,147240,824],{"class":116},[63,147242,1248],{"class":120},[63,147244,117],{"class":116},[63,147246,89],{"class":81},[63,147248,705],{"class":85},[63,147250,186],{"class":81},[63,147252,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147254,41473],{"class":69},[63,147256,74],{"class":73},[63,147258,146139],{"class":139},[63,147260,113],{"class":81},[63,147262,1039],{"class":77},[63,147264,113],{"class":81},[63,147266,2509],{"class":145},[63,147268,3997],{"class":81},[63,147270,4211],{"class":1155},[63,147272,4214],{"class":145},[63,147274,4217],{"class":1155},[63,147276,4220],{"class":145},[63,147278,126],{"class":81},[63,147280,147281,147283,147285,147287],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,147282,140],{"class":139},[63,147284,113],{"class":81},[63,147286,41502],{"class":145},[63,147288,126],{"class":81},[14,147290,163],{},[54,147292,147293],{"className":56,"code":2711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,147294,147295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147296,147297],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147298,2711],{"class":85},[486,147300,8733,147302,147304],{"id":147301},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,147303,146086],{}," to join text",[14,147306,1900],{},[54,147308,147310],{"className":56,"code":147309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,147311,147312,147368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147313,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147315,106],{"class":69},[63,147317,74],{"class":73},[63,147319,1091],{"class":81},[63,147321,117],{"class":116},[63,147323,134210],{"class":120},[63,147325,117],{"class":116},[63,147327,89],{"class":81},[63,147329,824],{"class":116},[63,147331,12054],{"class":120},[63,147333,117],{"class":116},[63,147335,89],{"class":81},[63,147337,824],{"class":116},[63,147339,626],{"class":120},[63,147341,117],{"class":116},[63,147343,89],{"class":81},[63,147345,824],{"class":116},[63,147347,985],{"class":120},[63,147349,117],{"class":116},[63,147351,89],{"class":81},[63,147353,824],{"class":116},[63,147355,2049],{"class":120},[63,147357,117],{"class":116},[63,147359,89],{"class":81},[63,147361,824],{"class":116},[63,147363,76127],{"class":120},[63,147365,117],{"class":116},[63,147367,186],{"class":81},[63,147369,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147371,140],{"class":139},[63,147373,113],{"class":81},[63,147375,146209],{"class":139},[63,147377,113],{"class":81},[63,147379,158],{"class":145},[63,147381,100],{"class":81},[14,147383,222,147384,60805],{},[18,147385,133534],{},[54,147387,147389],{"className":56,"code":147388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,147390,147391,147447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147392,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147394,106],{"class":69},[63,147396,74],{"class":73},[63,147398,1091],{"class":81},[63,147400,117],{"class":116},[63,147402,134210],{"class":120},[63,147404,117],{"class":116},[63,147406,89],{"class":81},[63,147408,824],{"class":116},[63,147410,12054],{"class":120},[63,147412,117],{"class":116},[63,147414,89],{"class":81},[63,147416,824],{"class":116},[63,147418,626],{"class":120},[63,147420,117],{"class":116},[63,147422,89],{"class":81},[63,147424,824],{"class":116},[63,147426,985],{"class":120},[63,147428,117],{"class":116},[63,147430,89],{"class":81},[63,147432,824],{"class":116},[63,147434,2049],{"class":120},[63,147436,117],{"class":116},[63,147438,89],{"class":81},[63,147440,824],{"class":116},[63,147442,76127],{"class":120},[63,147444,117],{"class":116},[63,147446,186],{"class":81},[63,147448,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147450,140],{"class":139},[63,147452,113],{"class":81},[63,147454,6592],{"class":116},[63,147456,259],{"class":81},[63,147458,133611],{"class":145},[63,147460,113],{"class":81},[63,147462,158],{"class":145},[63,147464,100],{"class":81},[14,147466,163],{},[54,147468,147469],{"className":56,"code":134291,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,147470,147471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147472,147473],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147474,134291],{"class":69},[14,147476,147477,147478,259],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[196,147479,147480],{"href":135372},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[49,147482,147484,147486],{"id":147483},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,147485,146086],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147488,147489,147491],{},[18,147490,146086],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[486,147493,8733,147495],{"id":147494},"using-sum",[18,147496,146086],{},[54,147498,147500],{"className":56,"code":147499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,147501,147502,147522,147536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147503,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147505,70],{"class":69},[63,147507,74],{"class":73},[63,147509,1091],{"class":81},[63,147511,2840],{"class":85},[63,147513,89],{"class":81},[63,147515,6313],{"class":85},[63,147517,89],{"class":81},[63,147519,54423],{"class":85},[63,147521,186],{"class":81},[63,147523,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147525,41473],{"class":69},[63,147527,74],{"class":73},[63,147529,146139],{"class":139},[63,147531,113],{"class":81},[63,147533,146],{"class":145},[63,147535,126],{"class":81},[63,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,147539,140],{"class":139},[63,147541,113],{"class":81},[63,147543,41502],{"class":145},[63,147545,126],{"class":81},[486,147547,147549],{"id":147548},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[54,147551,147553],{"className":56,"code":147552,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,147554,147555,147575,147583,147587,147599,147607,147611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147556,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147558,70],{"class":69},[63,147560,74],{"class":73},[63,147562,1091],{"class":81},[63,147564,2840],{"class":85},[63,147566,89],{"class":81},[63,147568,6313],{"class":85},[63,147570,89],{"class":81},[63,147572,54423],{"class":85},[63,147574,186],{"class":81},[63,147576,147577,147579,147581],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147578,41473],{"class":69},[63,147580,74],{"class":73},[63,147582,38802],{"class":85},[63,147584,147585],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,147586,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,147590,6277],{"class":1155},[63,147592,6706],{"class":69},[63,147594,4217],{"class":1155},[63,147596,4595],{"class":69},[63,147598,6713],{"class":81},[63,147600,147601,147603,147605],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,147602,90204],{"class":69},[63,147604,90207],{"class":73},[63,147606,90210],{"class":69},[63,147608,147609],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,147610,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,147612,147613,147615,147617,147619],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,147614,140],{"class":139},[63,147616,113],{"class":81},[63,147618,41502],{"class":145},[63,147620,126],{"class":81},[14,147622,147623],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147625,2823,147626,147628],{},[18,147627,146086],{}," is often better:",[29,147630,147631,147634,147637],{},[32,147632,147633],{},"Shorter code",[32,147635,147636],{},"Easier to read",[32,147638,147639],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147641,147642],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[29,147644,147645,147648,147651],{},[32,147646,147647],{},"You need to skip some values",[32,147649,147650],{},"You need extra checks",[32,147652,147653],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147655,147656,147657,147660,147661,147663],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[196,147658,147659],{"href":40298},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147662,146086],{}," on the filtered result.",[49,147665,3167],{"id":3166},[14,147667,147668,147669,821],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147670,146086],{},[29,147672,147673,147679,147686,147693],{},[32,147674,147675,147676],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147677,147678],{},"sum(5)",[32,147680,147681,147682,147685],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147683,147684],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[32,147687,8733,147688,147690,147691],{},[18,147689,146086],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147692,133534],{},[32,147694,147695],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147697,9192,147698,147700],{},[18,147699,146086],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[54,147702,147704],{"className":56,"code":147703,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147705,147706,147716,147730,147754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147707,147708,147710,147712,147714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147709,140],{"class":139},[63,147711,113],{"class":81},[63,147713,763],{"class":145},[63,147715,126],{"class":81},[63,147717,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,147719,140],{"class":139},[63,147721,113],{"class":81},[63,147723,3557],{"class":77},[63,147725,113],{"class":81},[63,147727,763],{"class":145},[63,147729,100],{"class":81},[63,147731,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,147733,140],{"class":139},[63,147735,2071],{"class":81},[63,147737,3557],{"class":77},[63,147739,113],{"class":81},[63,147741,2509],{"class":145},[63,147743,3997],{"class":81},[63,147745,4211],{"class":1155},[63,147747,4214],{"class":145},[63,147749,4217],{"class":1155},[63,147751,4220],{"class":145},[63,147753,2080],{"class":81},[63,147755,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,147757,140],{"class":139},[63,147759,113],{"class":81},[63,147761,146209],{"class":139},[63,147763,2071],{"class":81},[63,147765,1039],{"class":77},[63,147767,113],{"class":81},[63,147769,2509],{"class":145},[63,147771,3997],{"class":81},[63,147773,4211],{"class":1155},[63,147775,4214],{"class":145},[63,147777,4217],{"class":1155},[63,147779,4220],{"class":145},[63,147781,3334],{"class":81},[14,147783,136105],{},[29,147785,147786,147792,147798,147803],{},[32,147787,147788,147791],{},[18,147789,147790],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[32,147793,147794,147797],{},[18,147795,147796],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[32,147799,147800,136127],{},[18,147801,147802],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[32,147804,147805,147808],{},[18,147806,147807],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[49,147810,2165],{"id":2164},[486,147812,5469,147814,5472],{"id":147813},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147815,146086],{},[14,147817,147818],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[486,147820,5497,147822,147824],{"id":147821},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147823,146086],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147826,30562,147827,1725,147830,147833],{},[18,147828,147829],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147831,147832],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[486,147835,5497,147837,147839],{"id":147836},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147838,146086],{}," work with floats?",[14,147841,147842],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[486,147844,147846,147847,2827],{"id":147845},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147848,146086],{},[14,147850,147851,147852,147854],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147853,36367],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[486,147856,5485,147858,119490,147860,2827],{"id":147857},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147859,146086],{},[18,147861,1032],{},[14,147863,147864],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[49,147866,2219],{"id":2218},[29,147868,147869,147873,147879,147885,147891,147895,147899],{},[32,147870,147871],{},[196,147872,146569],{"href":2754},[32,147874,147875],{},[196,147876,3912,147877,3845],{"href":713},[18,147878,716],{},[32,147880,147881],{},[196,147882,3912,147883,3845],{"href":42648},[18,147884,42651],{},[32,147886,147887],{},[196,147888,3912,147889,3845],{"href":42465},[18,147890,47975],{},[32,147892,147893],{},[196,147894,5547],{"href":40298},[32,147896,147897],{},[196,147898,3862],{"href":3298},[32,147900,147901],{},[196,147902,147480],{"href":135372},[2259,147904,147905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":147907},[147908,147909,147911,147912,147913,147915,147923,147929,147936,147942,147943,147955],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":146165,"depth":103,"text":147910},"What sum() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":146343,"depth":103,"text":147914},"Using the start value",{"id":146445,"depth":103,"text":147916,"children":147917},"What sum() can work with",[147918,147919,147920,147922],{"id":40714,"depth":129,"text":40715},{"id":52338,"depth":129,"text":146511},{"id":146572,"depth":129,"text":147921},"Values from range()",{"id":146620,"depth":129,"text":146621},{"id":146694,"depth":103,"text":147924,"children":147925},"What sum() does not work with",[147926,147927,147928],{"id":146705,"depth":129,"text":146706},{"id":146822,"depth":129,"text":146823},{"id":146880,"depth":129,"text":146881},{"id":41794,"depth":103,"text":41795,"children":147930},[147931,147932,147933,147934],{"id":6843,"depth":129,"text":6844},{"id":147016,"depth":129,"text":147017},{"id":147164,"depth":129,"text":147165},{"id":147301,"depth":129,"text":147935},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147483,"depth":103,"text":147937,"children":147938},"sum() vs manual loop",[147939,147941],{"id":147494,"depth":129,"text":147940},"Using sum()",{"id":147548,"depth":129,"text":147549},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":147944},[147945,147947,147949,147951,147953],{"id":147813,"depth":129,"text":147946},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147821,"depth":129,"text":147948},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147836,"depth":129,"text":147950},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147845,"depth":129,"text":147952},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147857,"depth":129,"text":147954},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146078,"description":147956},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147963,"title":147964,"body":147965,"description":149367,"extension":2300,"meta":149368,"navigation":132,"path":149369,"seo":149370,"stem":149371,"__hash__":149372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147966,"toc":149335},[147967,147973,147979,147982,148045,148051,148056,148060,148077,148091,148095,148115,148129,148131,148224,148226,148240,148242,148245,148334,148336,148344,148353,148355,148359,148380,148382,148474,148476,148497,148499,148503,148517,148519,148593,148595,148614,148618,148621,148644,148646,148757,148764,148772,148774,148780,148783,148826,148829,148852,148860,148864,148939,148945,148970,148977,148980,148983,148987,148992,149080,149088,149092,149095,149120,149124,149185,149189,149238,149248,149250,149255,149258,149264,149267,149271,149275,149281,149284,149292,149300,149302,149332],[10,147968,147970,147971,11629],{"id":147969},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147972,57571],{},[14,147974,147975,147978],{},[18,147976,147977],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147980,147981],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[54,147983,147985],{"className":56,"code":147984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147986,147987,148015,148033],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,147988,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,147990,70],{"class":69},[63,147992,74],{"class":73},[63,147994,1687],{"class":81},[63,147996,86],{"class":85},[63,147998,89],{"class":81},[63,148000,92],{"class":85},[63,148002,89],{"class":81},[63,148004,92],{"class":85},[63,148006,89],{"class":81},[63,148008,97],{"class":85},[63,148010,89],{"class":81},[63,148012,92],{"class":85},[63,148014,126],{"class":81},[63,148016,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148018,851],{"class":69},[63,148020,74],{"class":73},[63,148022,4595],{"class":69},[63,148024,259],{"class":81},[63,148026,41550],{"class":145},[63,148028,113],{"class":81},[63,148030,2394],{"class":85},[63,148032,126],{"class":81},[63,148034,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148036,140],{"class":139},[63,148038,113],{"class":81},[63,148040,875],{"class":145},[63,148042,3997],{"class":81},[63,148044,51063],{"class":1910},[14,148046,222,148047,148050],{},[18,148048,148049],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[49,148052,4014,148054,4017],{"id":148053},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,148055,147977],{},[14,148057,148058,821],{},[18,148059,148049],{},[29,148061,148062,148068,148071,148074],{},[32,148063,148064,148065,148067],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,148066,2807],{}," appears in the tuple",[32,148069,148070],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[32,148072,148073],{},"Returns an integer",[32,148075,148076],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148078,148079,148080,148082,148083,1725,148087,259],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,148081,57571],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[196,148084,148086],{"href":148085},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[196,148088,148090],{"href":148089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[49,148092,148094],{"id":148093},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[54,148096,148098],{"className":56,"code":148097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,148099,148100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148101,148102,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148103,148104],{"class":69},"my_tuple",[63,148106,259],{"class":81},[63,148108,41550],{"class":145},[63,148110,113],{"class":81},[63,148112,2807],{"class":145},[63,148114,126],{"class":81},[29,148116,148117,148121,148124],{},[32,148118,148119,57736],{},[18,148120,2807],{},[32,148122,148123],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[32,148125,148126,148127],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,148128,687],{},[486,148130,103205],{"id":103204},[54,148132,148134],{"className":56,"code":148133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,148135,148136,148176,148200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148137,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148139,13381],{"class":69},[63,148141,74],{"class":73},[63,148143,1687],{"class":81},[63,148145,117],{"class":116},[63,148147,13398],{"class":120},[63,148149,117],{"class":116},[63,148151,89],{"class":81},[63,148153,824],{"class":116},[63,148155,13415],{"class":120},[63,148157,117],{"class":116},[63,148159,89],{"class":81},[63,148161,824],{"class":116},[63,148163,13398],{"class":120},[63,148165,117],{"class":116},[63,148167,89],{"class":81},[63,148169,824],{"class":116},[63,148171,17752],{"class":120},[63,148173,117],{"class":116},[63,148175,126],{"class":81},[63,148177,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148179,140],{"class":139},[63,148181,113],{"class":81},[63,148183,17799],{"class":145},[63,148185,259],{"class":81},[63,148187,41550],{"class":145},[63,148189,113],{"class":81},[63,148191,117],{"class":116},[63,148193,13398],{"class":120},[63,148195,117],{"class":116},[63,148197,5683],{"class":81},[63,148199,57926],{"class":1910},[63,148201,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148203,140],{"class":139},[63,148205,113],{"class":81},[63,148207,17799],{"class":145},[63,148209,259],{"class":81},[63,148211,41550],{"class":145},[63,148213,113],{"class":81},[63,148215,117],{"class":116},[63,148217,22817],{"class":120},[63,148219,117],{"class":116},[63,148221,5683],{"class":81},[63,148223,51539],{"class":1910},[14,148225,20251],{},[29,148227,148228,148233],{},[32,148229,148230,148232],{},[18,148231,65489],{}," appears 2 times",[32,148234,148235,148237,148238],{},[18,148236,109901],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,148239,687],{},[49,148241,11783],{"id":11782},[14,148243,148244],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[54,148246,148248],{"className":56,"code":148247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,148249,148250,148298,148302,148324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148251,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148253,36529],{"class":69},[63,148255,74],{"class":73},[63,148257,1687],{"class":81},[63,148259,117],{"class":116},[63,148261,408],{"class":120},[63,148263,117],{"class":116},[63,148265,89],{"class":81},[63,148267,824],{"class":116},[63,148269,427],{"class":120},[63,148271,117],{"class":116},[63,148273,89],{"class":81},[63,148275,824],{"class":116},[63,148277,408],{"class":120},[63,148279,117],{"class":116},[63,148281,89],{"class":81},[63,148283,824],{"class":116},[63,148285,33513],{"class":120},[63,148287,117],{"class":116},[63,148289,89],{"class":81},[63,148291,824],{"class":116},[63,148293,408],{"class":120},[63,148295,117],{"class":116},[63,148297,126],{"class":81},[63,148299,148300],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148301,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,148303,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148305,851],{"class":69},[63,148307,74],{"class":73},[63,148309,53141],{"class":69},[63,148311,259],{"class":81},[63,148313,41550],{"class":145},[63,148315,113],{"class":81},[63,148317,117],{"class":116},[63,148319,408],{"class":120},[63,148321,117],{"class":116},[63,148323,126],{"class":81},[63,148325,148326,148328,148330,148332],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,148327,140],{"class":139},[63,148329,113],{"class":81},[63,148331,875],{"class":145},[63,148333,126],{"class":81},[14,148335,163],{},[54,148337,148338],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,148339,148340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148341,148342],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148343,46908],{"class":85},[14,148345,148346,148348,148349,2732,148351,259],{},[18,148347,58114],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,148350,57571],{},[18,148352,1248],{},[49,148354,38311],{"id":38310},[14,148356,57825,148357,128840],{},[18,148358,57571],{},[29,148360,148361,148366,148371,148374],{},[32,148362,11731,148363,148365],{},[18,148364,687],{}," when the value does not exist",[32,148367,11731,148368,148370],{},[18,148369,86],{}," when the value appears once",[32,148372,148373],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[32,148375,148376,148377,148379],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,148378,7318],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148381,2543],{},[54,148383,148385],{"className":56,"code":148384,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,148386,148387,148428,148432,148459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148388,148389,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148390,148391],{"class":69},"answers ",[63,148393,74],{"class":73},[63,148395,1687],{"class":81},[63,148397,117],{"class":116},[63,148399,8974],{"class":120},[63,148401,117],{"class":116},[63,148403,89],{"class":81},[63,148405,824],{"class":116},[63,148407,8914],{"class":120},[63,148409,117],{"class":116},[63,148411,89],{"class":81},[63,148413,824],{"class":116},[63,148415,8974],{"class":120},[63,148417,117],{"class":116},[63,148419,89],{"class":81},[63,148421,824],{"class":116},[63,148423,8974],{"class":120},[63,148425,117],{"class":116},[63,148427,126],{"class":81},[63,148429,148430],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148431,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,148433,148434,148436,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148435,7318],{"class":1155},[63,148437,148438],{"class":69}," answers",[63,148440,259],{"class":81},[63,148442,41550],{"class":145},[63,148444,113],{"class":81},[63,148446,117],{"class":116},[63,148448,8974],{"class":120},[63,148450,117],{"class":116},[63,148452,3997],{"class":81},[63,148454,38686],{"class":73},[63,148456,692],{"class":85},[63,148458,6713],{"class":81},[63,148460,148461,148463,148465,148467,148470,148472],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,148462,8386],{"class":139},[63,148464,113],{"class":81},[63,148466,117],{"class":116},[63,148468,148469],{"class":120},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[63,148471,117],{"class":116},[63,148473,126],{"class":81},[14,148475,163],{},[54,148477,148479],{"className":56,"code":148478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,148480,148481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148482,148483,148486,148488,148490,148492,148495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148484,148485],{"class":69},"The answer ",[63,148487,193],{"class":116},[63,148489,8974],{"class":120},[63,148491,193],{"class":116},[63,148493,148494],{"class":69}," appears more than once",[63,148496,122484],{"class":81},[49,148498,41336],{"id":41335},[14,148500,35700,148501,104668],{},[18,148502,147977],{},[29,148504,148505,148508,148511,148514],{},[32,148506,148507],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[32,148509,148510],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[32,148512,148513],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[32,148515,148516],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148518,2543],{},[54,148520,148522],{"className":56,"code":148521,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,148523,148524,148552,148556,148578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148525,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148527,1781],{"class":69},[63,148529,74],{"class":73},[63,148531,1687],{"class":81},[63,148533,741],{"class":85},[63,148535,89],{"class":81},[63,148537,746],{"class":85},[63,148539,89],{"class":81},[63,148541,6324],{"class":85},[63,148543,89],{"class":81},[63,148545,751],{"class":85},[63,148547,89],{"class":81},[63,148549,6324],{"class":85},[63,148551,126],{"class":81},[63,148553,148554],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148555,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,148557,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148559,7318],{"class":1155},[63,148561,1823],{"class":69},[63,148563,259],{"class":81},[63,148565,41550],{"class":145},[63,148567,113],{"class":81},[63,148569,741],{"class":85},[63,148571,3997],{"class":81},[63,148573,51580],{"class":73},[63,148575,92],{"class":85},[63,148577,6713],{"class":81},[63,148579,148580,148582,148584,148586,148589,148591],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,148581,8386],{"class":139},[63,148583,113],{"class":81},[63,148585,117],{"class":116},[63,148587,148588],{"class":120},"The score 10 is repeated.",[63,148590,117],{"class":116},[63,148592,126],{"class":81},[14,148594,163],{},[54,148596,148598],{"className":56,"code":148597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148599,148600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148601,148602,148605,148607,148609,148612],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148603,148604],{"class":69},"The score ",[63,148606,741],{"class":85},[63,148608,1047],{"class":73},[63,148610,148611],{"class":69}," repeated",[63,148613,122484],{"class":81},[49,148615,148617],{"id":148616},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148619,148620],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[29,148622,148623,148629,148634,148637],{},[32,148624,148625,148626,148628],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148627,57571],{}," still works because it only reads data",[32,148630,148631,148633],{},[18,148632,57571],{}," counts exact matches",[32,148635,148636],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[32,148638,148639,4726,148641,148643],{},[18,148640,86],{},[18,148642,42448],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148645,2543],{},[54,148647,148649],{"className":56,"code":148648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148650,148651,148685,148689,148709,148733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148652,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148666,148668,148670,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148654,731],{"class":69},[63,148656,74],{"class":73},[63,148658,1687],{"class":81},[63,148660,86],{"class":85},[63,148662,89],{"class":81},[63,148664,148665],{"class":85}," 1.0",[63,148667,89],{"class":81},[63,148669,824],{"class":116},[63,148671,148672],{"class":120},"Cat",[63,148674,117],{"class":116},[63,148676,89],{"class":81},[63,148678,824],{"class":116},[63,148680,580],{"class":120},[63,148682,117],{"class":116},[63,148684,126],{"class":81},[63,148686,148687],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148688,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,148690,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148692,140],{"class":139},[63,148694,113],{"class":81},[63,148696,763],{"class":145},[63,148698,259],{"class":81},[63,148700,41550],{"class":145},[63,148702,113],{"class":81},[63,148704,86],{"class":85},[63,148706,5683],{"class":81},[63,148708,51386],{"class":1910},[63,148710,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,148712,140],{"class":139},[63,148714,113],{"class":81},[63,148716,763],{"class":145},[63,148718,259],{"class":81},[63,148720,41550],{"class":145},[63,148722,113],{"class":81},[63,148724,117],{"class":116},[63,148726,148672],{"class":120},[63,148728,117],{"class":116},[63,148730,5683],{"class":81},[63,148732,28070],{"class":1910},[63,148734,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,148736,140],{"class":139},[63,148738,113],{"class":81},[63,148740,763],{"class":145},[63,148742,259],{"class":81},[63,148744,41550],{"class":145},[63,148746,113],{"class":81},[63,148748,117],{"class":116},[63,148750,580],{"class":120},[63,148752,117],{"class":116},[63,148754,5683],{"class":81},[63,148756,28070],{"class":1910},[14,148758,5485,148759,5488,148762,2827],{},[18,148760,148761],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148763,2394],{},[14,148765,9102,148766,5114,148769,148771],{},[18,148767,148768],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148770,3941],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[49,148773,3167],{"id":3166},[486,148775,8733,148777,148779],{"id":148776},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148778,41550],{}," without parentheses",[14,148781,148782],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[54,148784,148786],{"className":56,"code":148785,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148787,148788,148812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148789,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148791,70],{"class":69},[63,148793,74],{"class":73},[63,148795,1687],{"class":81},[63,148797,86],{"class":85},[63,148799,89],{"class":81},[63,148801,92],{"class":85},[63,148803,89],{"class":81},[63,148805,92],{"class":85},[63,148807,89],{"class":81},[63,148809,97],{"class":85},[63,148811,126],{"class":81},[63,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148815,140],{"class":139},[63,148817,113],{"class":81},[63,148819,146],{"class":145},[63,148821,259],{"class":81},[63,148823,41550],{"class":25042},[63,148825,126],{"class":81},[14,148827,148828],{},"To call the method correctly:",[54,148830,148832],{"className":56,"code":148831,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148833,148834],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148837,140],{"class":139},[63,148839,113],{"class":81},[63,148841,146],{"class":145},[63,148843,259],{"class":81},[63,148845,41550],{"class":145},[63,148847,113],{"class":81},[63,148849,2394],{"class":85},[63,148851,100],{"class":81},[486,148853,8769,148854,8772,148856,1725,148858],{"id":58874},[18,148855,57571],{},[18,148857,3941],{},[18,148859,4010],{},[14,148861,148862,58885],{},[18,148863,57571],{},[54,148865,148867],{"className":56,"code":148866,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148868,148869,148901,148923,148927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148870,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148872,106],{"class":69},[63,148874,74],{"class":73},[63,148876,1687],{"class":81},[63,148878,117],{"class":116},[63,148880,196],{"class":120},[63,148882,117],{"class":116},[63,148884,89],{"class":81},[63,148886,824],{"class":116},[63,148888,206],{"class":120},[63,148890,117],{"class":116},[63,148892,89],{"class":81},[63,148894,824],{"class":116},[63,148896,196],{"class":120},[63,148898,117],{"class":116},[63,148900,126],{"class":81},[63,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,148904,851],{"class":69},[63,148906,74],{"class":73},[63,148908,70193],{"class":69},[63,148910,259],{"class":81},[63,148912,41550],{"class":145},[63,148914,113],{"class":81},[63,148916,117],{"class":116},[63,148918,196],{"class":120},[63,148920,117],{"class":116},[63,148922,126],{"class":81},[63,148924,148925],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,148926,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,148928,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,148930,140],{"class":139},[63,148932,113],{"class":81},[63,148934,875],{"class":145},[63,148936,3997],{"class":81},[63,148938,51707],{"class":1910},[14,148940,148941,148942,148944],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148943,4217],{}," is often simpler:",[54,148946,148948],{"className":56,"code":148947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148949,148950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148951,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,148953,140],{"class":139},[63,148955,113],{"class":81},[63,148957,117],{"class":116},[63,148959,196],{"class":120},[63,148961,117],{"class":116},[63,148963,21468],{"class":1155},[63,148965,70193],{"class":145},[63,148967,3997],{"class":81},[63,148969,4000],{"class":1910},[486,148971,37494,148973,9021,148975],{"id":148972},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148974,147977],{},[18,148976,57576],{},[14,148978,148979],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148981,148982],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[486,148984,148986],{"id":148985},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148988,148989,148991],{},[18,148990,57571],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[54,148993,148995],{"className":56,"code":148994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148996,148997,149030,149056],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,148998,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149000,4403],{"class":69},[63,149002,74],{"class":73},[63,149004,1687],{"class":81},[63,149006,117],{"class":116},[63,149008,408],{"class":120},[63,149010,117],{"class":116},[63,149012,89],{"class":81},[63,149014,824],{"class":116},[63,149016,149017],{"class":120},"pineapple",[63,149019,117],{"class":116},[63,149021,89],{"class":81},[63,149023,824],{"class":116},[63,149025,408],{"class":120},[63,149027,117],{"class":116},[63,149029,126],{"class":81},[63,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149049,149051,149053],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149033,140],{"class":139},[63,149035,113],{"class":81},[63,149037,4445],{"class":145},[63,149039,259],{"class":81},[63,149041,41550],{"class":145},[63,149043,113],{"class":81},[63,149045,117],{"class":116},[63,149047,149048],{"class":120},"app",[63,149050,117],{"class":116},[63,149052,5683],{"class":81},[63,149054,149055],{"class":1910},"    # 0\n",[63,149057,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149059,140],{"class":139},[63,149061,113],{"class":81},[63,149063,4445],{"class":145},[63,149065,259],{"class":81},[63,149067,41550],{"class":145},[63,149069,113],{"class":81},[63,149071,117],{"class":116},[63,149073,408],{"class":120},[63,149075,117],{"class":116},[63,149077,5683],{"class":81},[63,149079,51707],{"class":1910},[14,149081,149082,149085,149086,259],{},[18,149083,149084],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,149087,687],{},[49,149089,149091],{"id":149090},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149093,149094],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[29,149096,149097,149102,149111,149117],{},[32,149098,222,149099,149101],{},[18,149100,4217],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[32,149103,222,149104,149110],{},[196,149105,149107,149108],{"href":149106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,149109,59249],{}," to find the position of a value",[32,149112,222,149113,149116],{},[18,149114,149115],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[32,149118,149119],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149121,1743,149122,821],{},[18,149123,4217],{},[54,149125,149127],{"className":56,"code":149126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,149128,149129,149149,149153,149169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149130,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149132,70],{"class":69},[63,149134,74],{"class":73},[63,149136,1687],{"class":81},[63,149138,2840],{"class":85},[63,149140,89],{"class":81},[63,149142,6313],{"class":85},[63,149144,89],{"class":81},[63,149146,54423],{"class":85},[63,149148,126],{"class":81},[63,149150,149151],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149152,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,149154,149155,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149156,140],{"class":139},[63,149158,113],{"class":81},[63,149160,2362],{"class":85},[63,149162,21468],{"class":1155},[63,149164,4595],{"class":145},[63,149166,3997],{"class":81},[63,149168,44146],{"class":1910},[63,149170,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,149172,140],{"class":139},[63,149174,113],{"class":81},[63,149176,661],{"class":85},[63,149178,21468],{"class":1155},[63,149180,4595],{"class":145},[63,149182,3997],{"class":81},[63,149184,44163],{"class":1910},[14,149186,1743,149187,821],{},[18,149188,59249],{},[54,149190,149192],{"className":56,"code":149191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,149193,149194,149218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149197,70],{"class":69},[63,149199,74],{"class":73},[63,149201,1687],{"class":81},[63,149203,2840],{"class":85},[63,149205,89],{"class":81},[63,149207,6313],{"class":85},[63,149209,89],{"class":81},[63,149211,54423],{"class":85},[63,149213,89],{"class":81},[63,149215,6313],{"class":85},[63,149217,126],{"class":81},[63,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149221,140],{"class":139},[63,149223,113],{"class":81},[63,149225,146],{"class":145},[63,149227,259],{"class":81},[63,149229,36141],{"class":145},[63,149231,113],{"class":81},[63,149233,2362],{"class":85},[63,149235,5683],{"class":81},[63,149237,28070],{"class":1910},[14,149239,149240,149242,149243,149245,149247],{},[18,149241,57571],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10153,149244],{},[18,149246,59249],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[49,149249,2165],{"id":2164},[486,149251,5469,149253,5472],{"id":149252},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,149254,147977],{},[14,149256,149257],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[486,149259,13011,149261,149263],{"id":149260},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,149262,147977],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149265,149266],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[486,149268,149270],{"id":149269},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149272,12220,149273,259],{},[18,149274,687],{},[486,149276,5497,149278,149280],{"id":149277},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,149279,147977],{}," count strings?",[14,149282,149283],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[486,149285,2169,149287,4726,149289,2827],{"id":149286},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,149288,147977],{},[18,149290,149291],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149293,149294,149296,149297,149299],{},[18,149295,57571],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,149298,59249],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[49,149301,2219],{"id":2218},[29,149303,149304,149308,149313,149320,149328],{},[32,149305,149306],{},[196,149307,148086],{"href":148085},[32,149309,149310],{},[196,149311,149312],{"href":148089},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[32,149314,149315],{},[196,149316,149317,149318,11046],{"href":149106},"Python tuple ",[18,149319,59249],{},[32,149321,149322],{},[196,149323,149325,149326],{"href":149324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,149327,42651],{},[32,149329,149330],{},[196,149331,59237],{"href":59236},[2259,149333,149334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":149336},[149337,149339,149342,149343,149344,149345,149346,149354,149355,149366],{"id":148053,"depth":103,"text":149338},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148093,"depth":103,"text":148094,"children":149340},[149341],{"id":103204,"depth":129,"text":103205},{"id":11782,"depth":103,"text":11783},{"id":38310,"depth":103,"text":38311},{"id":41335,"depth":103,"text":41336},{"id":148616,"depth":103,"text":148617},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":149347},[149348,149350,149351,149353],{"id":148776,"depth":129,"text":149349},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58874,"depth":129,"text":59290},{"id":148972,"depth":129,"text":149352},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148985,"depth":129,"text":148986},{"id":149090,"depth":103,"text":149091},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":149356},[149357,149359,149361,149362,149364],{"id":149252,"depth":129,"text":149358},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149260,"depth":129,"text":149360},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149269,"depth":129,"text":149270},{"id":149277,"depth":129,"text":149363},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149286,"depth":129,"text":149365},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147964,"description":149367},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149374,"title":149375,"body":149376,"description":151063,"extension":2300,"meta":151064,"navigation":132,"path":151065,"seo":151066,"stem":151067,"__hash__":151068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149377,"toc":151026},[149378,149381,149384,149393,149395,149525,149527,149588,149594,149596,149616,149620,149623,149626,149661,149663,149684,149687,149726,149728,149753,149760,149764,149767,149804,149806,149829,149832,149835,149847,149853,149857,149860,149866,149907,149909,149932,149935,149976,149978,150005,150007,150024,150026,150043,150046,150050,150053,150055,150089,150091,150138,150142,150181,150185,150188,150245,150247,150288,150294,150300,150305,150307,150344,150346,150366,150368,150401,150403,150436,150439,150443,150476,150478,150503,150506,150508,150522,150529,150531,150534,150538,150541,150576,150579,150614,150618,150621,150660,150663,150702,150706,150708,150738,150741,150748,150750,150782,150785,150817,150820,150851,150853,150870,150874,150877,150941,150943,150947,150954,150958,150961,150965,150968,150972,150975,150980,150986,150988,151023],[10,149379,149375],{"id":149380},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149382,149383],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149385,149386,149387,1725,149391,259],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[196,149388,149390],{"href":149389},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[196,149392,148086],{"href":148085},[49,149394,52],{"id":51},[54,149396,149398],{"className":56,"code":149397,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,149399,149400,149420,149429,149443,149479,149483,149493,149503,149514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149401,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149403,70],{"class":69},[63,149405,74],{"class":73},[63,149407,1687],{"class":81},[63,149409,86],{"class":85},[63,149411,89],{"class":81},[63,149413,92],{"class":85},[63,149415,89],{"class":81},[63,149417,97],{"class":85},[63,149419,126],{"class":81},[63,149421,149422,149424,149426],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149423,124950],{"class":69},[63,149425,74],{"class":73},[63,149427,149428],{"class":81}," ()\n",[63,149430,149431,149434,149436,149438,149440],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149432,149433],{"class":69},"one_item ",[63,149435,74],{"class":73},[63,149437,1687],{"class":81},[63,149439,661],{"class":85},[63,149441,149442],{"class":81},",)\n",[63,149444,149445,149448,149450,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,149446,149447],{"class":69},"from_list ",[63,149449,74],{"class":73},[63,149451,149452],{"class":77}," tuple",[63,149454,2071],{"class":81},[63,149456,117],{"class":116},[63,149458,196],{"class":120},[63,149460,117],{"class":116},[63,149462,89],{"class":81},[63,149464,824],{"class":116},[63,149466,206],{"class":120},[63,149468,117],{"class":116},[63,149470,89],{"class":81},[63,149472,824],{"class":116},[63,149474,215],{"class":120},[63,149476,117],{"class":116},[63,149478,2080],{"class":81},[63,149480,149481],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,149482,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,149484,149485,149487,149489,149491],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,149486,140],{"class":139},[63,149488,113],{"class":81},[63,149490,146],{"class":145},[63,149492,126],{"class":81},[63,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,149496,140],{"class":139},[63,149498,113],{"class":81},[63,149500,125001],{"class":145},[63,149502,126],{"class":81},[63,149504,149505,149507,149509,149512],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,149506,140],{"class":139},[63,149508,113],{"class":81},[63,149510,149511],{"class":145},"one_item",[63,149513,126],{"class":81},[63,149515,149516,149518,149520,149523],{"class":65,"line":6751},[63,149517,140],{"class":139},[63,149519,113],{"class":81},[63,149521,149522],{"class":145},"from_list",[63,149524,126],{"class":81},[14,149526,163],{},[54,149528,149530],{"className":56,"code":149529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149531,149532,149548,149552,149560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149533,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149535,113],{"class":81},[63,149537,86],{"class":85},[63,149539,89],{"class":81},[63,149541,92],{"class":85},[63,149543,89],{"class":81},[63,149545,97],{"class":85},[63,149547,126],{"class":81},[63,149549,149550],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149551,279],{"class":81},[63,149553,149554,149556,149558],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149555,113],{"class":81},[63,149557,661],{"class":85},[63,149559,149442],{"class":81},[63,149561,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,149563,113],{"class":81},[63,149565,193],{"class":116},[63,149567,196],{"class":120},[63,149569,193],{"class":116},[63,149571,89],{"class":81},[63,149573,203],{"class":116},[63,149575,206],{"class":120},[63,149577,193],{"class":116},[63,149579,89],{"class":81},[63,149581,203],{"class":116},[63,149583,215],{"class":120},[63,149585,193],{"class":116},[63,149587,126],{"class":81},[14,149589,149590,149591,259],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149592,149593],{},"(5,)",[49,149595,15459],{"id":15458},[29,149597,149598,149601,149604,149607,149610,149613],{},[32,149599,149600],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[32,149602,149603],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[32,149605,149606],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[32,149608,149609],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[32,149611,149612],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[32,149614,149615],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[49,149617,149619],{"id":149618},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149621,149622],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149624,149625],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[54,149627,149629],{"className":56,"code":149628,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149630,149631,149651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149634,70],{"class":69},[63,149636,74],{"class":73},[63,149638,1687],{"class":81},[63,149640,86],{"class":85},[63,149642,89],{"class":81},[63,149644,92],{"class":85},[63,149646,89],{"class":81},[63,149648,97],{"class":85},[63,149650,126],{"class":81},[63,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149654,140],{"class":139},[63,149656,113],{"class":81},[63,149658,146],{"class":145},[63,149660,126],{"class":81},[14,149662,163],{},[54,149664,149666],{"className":56,"code":149665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149667,149668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149669,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149671,113],{"class":81},[63,149673,86],{"class":85},[63,149675,89],{"class":81},[63,149677,92],{"class":85},[63,149679,89],{"class":81},[63,149681,97],{"class":85},[63,149683,126],{"class":81},[14,149685,149686],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[54,149688,149690],{"className":56,"code":149689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149691,149692,149716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149695,2097],{"class":69},[63,149697,74],{"class":73},[63,149699,1687],{"class":81},[63,149701,86],{"class":85},[63,149703,89],{"class":81},[63,149705,824],{"class":116},[63,149707,408],{"class":120},[63,149709,117],{"class":116},[63,149711,89],{"class":81},[63,149713,4249],{"class":1205},[63,149715,126],{"class":81},[63,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149719,140],{"class":139},[63,149721,113],{"class":81},[63,149723,2138],{"class":145},[63,149725,126],{"class":81},[14,149727,163],{},[54,149729,149731],{"className":56,"code":149730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149732,149733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149736,113],{"class":81},[63,149738,86],{"class":85},[63,149740,89],{"class":81},[63,149742,203],{"class":116},[63,149744,408],{"class":120},[63,149746,193],{"class":116},[63,149748,89],{"class":81},[63,149750,4249],{"class":1205},[63,149752,126],{"class":81},[14,149754,149755,149756,259],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[196,149757,149759],{"href":149758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[49,149761,149763],{"id":149762},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149765,149766],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[54,149768,149770],{"className":56,"code":149769,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149771,149772,149780,149790],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149773,149774,149776,149778],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149775,124950],{"class":69},[63,149777,74],{"class":73},[63,149779,149428],{"class":81},[63,149781,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149783,140],{"class":139},[63,149785,113],{"class":81},[63,149787,125001],{"class":145},[63,149789,126],{"class":81},[63,149791,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800,149802],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149793,140],{"class":139},[63,149795,113],{"class":81},[63,149797,3557],{"class":77},[63,149799,113],{"class":81},[63,149801,125001],{"class":145},[63,149803,100],{"class":81},[14,149805,163],{},[54,149807,149809],{"className":56,"code":149808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149810,149811,149815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149812,149813],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149814,279],{"class":81},[63,149816,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149818,3626],{"class":73},[63,149820,3629],{"class":2402},[63,149822,203],{"class":116},[63,149824,49245],{"class":120},[63,149826,193],{"class":116},[63,149828,3638],{"class":73},[14,149830,149831],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149833,149834],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[29,149836,149837,149842],{},[32,149838,149839,149840],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149841,7686],{},[32,149843,149844,149845],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149846,479],{},[14,149848,149849,149850,259],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[196,149851,149852],{"href":57434},"Python list: creating a list",[49,149854,149856],{"id":149855},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149858,149859],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149861,149862,149863,149865],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1217,149864,4961],{}," automatically a tuple:",[54,149867,149869],{"className":56,"code":149868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149870,149871,149883,149893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149872,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149874,2782],{"class":69},[63,149876,74],{"class":73},[63,149878,1687],{"class":81},[63,149880,661],{"class":85},[63,149882,126],{"class":81},[63,149884,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149886,140],{"class":139},[63,149888,113],{"class":81},[63,149890,2807],{"class":145},[63,149892,126],{"class":81},[63,149894,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149896,140],{"class":139},[63,149898,113],{"class":81},[63,149900,3557],{"class":77},[63,149902,113],{"class":81},[63,149904,2807],{"class":145},[63,149906,100],{"class":81},[14,149908,163],{},[54,149910,149912],{"className":56,"code":149911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149913,149914,149918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149915,149916],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149917,3283],{"class":85},[63,149919,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149921,3626],{"class":73},[63,149923,3629],{"class":2402},[63,149925,203],{"class":116},[63,149927,1039],{"class":120},[63,149929,193],{"class":116},[63,149931,3638],{"class":73},[14,149933,149934],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[54,149936,149938],{"className":56,"code":149937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149939,149940,149952,149962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149941,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149943,149433],{"class":69},[63,149945,74],{"class":73},[63,149947,1687],{"class":81},[63,149949,661],{"class":85},[63,149951,149442],{"class":81},[63,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149955,140],{"class":139},[63,149957,113],{"class":81},[63,149959,149511],{"class":145},[63,149961,126],{"class":81},[63,149963,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,149965,140],{"class":139},[63,149967,113],{"class":81},[63,149969,3557],{"class":77},[63,149971,113],{"class":81},[63,149973,149511],{"class":145},[63,149975,100],{"class":81},[14,149977,163],{},[54,149979,149981],{"className":56,"code":149980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149982,149983,149991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,149984,149985,149987,149989],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,149986,113],{"class":81},[63,149988,661],{"class":85},[63,149990,149442],{"class":81},[63,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,149994,3626],{"class":73},[63,149996,3629],{"class":2402},[63,149998,203],{"class":116},[63,150000,49245],{"class":120},[63,150002,193],{"class":116},[63,150004,3638],{"class":73},[14,150006,16953],{},[54,150008,150010],{"className":56,"code":150009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,150011,150012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150015,113],{"class":81},[63,150017,117],{"class":116},[63,150019,408],{"class":120},[63,150021,117],{"class":116},[63,150023,149442],{"class":81},[14,150025,16941],{},[54,150027,150029],{"className":56,"code":150028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,150030,150031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150032,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150034,113],{"class":81},[63,150036,117],{"class":116},[63,150038,408],{"class":120},[63,150040,117],{"class":116},[63,150042,126],{"class":81},[14,150044,150045],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[49,150047,150049],{"id":150048},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150051,150052],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[486,150054,56743],{"id":146},[54,150056,150057],{"className":56,"code":149628,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,150058,150059,150079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150060,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150062,70],{"class":69},[63,150064,74],{"class":73},[63,150066,1687],{"class":81},[63,150068,86],{"class":85},[63,150070,89],{"class":81},[63,150072,92],{"class":85},[63,150074,89],{"class":81},[63,150076,97],{"class":85},[63,150078,126],{"class":81},[63,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150082,140],{"class":139},[63,150084,113],{"class":81},[63,150086,146],{"class":145},[63,150088,126],{"class":81},[486,150090,56746],{"id":311},[54,150092,150094],{"className":56,"code":150093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,150095,150096,150128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150099,13381],{"class":69},[63,150101,74],{"class":73},[63,150103,1687],{"class":81},[63,150105,117],{"class":116},[63,150107,13398],{"class":120},[63,150109,117],{"class":116},[63,150111,89],{"class":81},[63,150113,824],{"class":116},[63,150115,17752],{"class":120},[63,150117,117],{"class":116},[63,150119,89],{"class":81},[63,150121,824],{"class":116},[63,150123,13415],{"class":120},[63,150125,117],{"class":116},[63,150127,126],{"class":81},[63,150129,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150131,140],{"class":139},[63,150133,113],{"class":81},[63,150135,17799],{"class":145},[63,150137,126],{"class":81},[486,150139,150141],{"id":150140},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[54,150143,150145],{"className":56,"code":150144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,150146,150147,150171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150148,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150150,59754],{"class":69},[63,150152,74],{"class":73},[63,150154,1687],{"class":81},[63,150156,86],{"class":85},[63,150158,89],{"class":81},[63,150160,824],{"class":116},[63,150162,408],{"class":120},[63,150164,117],{"class":116},[63,150166,89],{"class":81},[63,150168,4249],{"class":1205},[63,150170,126],{"class":81},[63,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150174,140],{"class":139},[63,150176,113],{"class":81},[63,150178,59807],{"class":145},[63,150180,126],{"class":81},[486,150182,150184],{"id":150183},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150186,150187],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[54,150189,150191],{"className":56,"code":150190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,150192,150193,150234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150194,150195,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150196,150197],{"class":69},"nested ",[63,150199,74],{"class":73},[63,150201,1687],{"class":81},[63,150203,86],{"class":85},[63,150205,89],{"class":81},[63,150207,1687],{"class":81},[63,150209,117],{"class":116},[63,150211,196],{"class":120},[63,150213,117],{"class":116},[63,150215,89],{"class":81},[63,150217,824],{"class":116},[63,150219,206],{"class":120},[63,150221,117],{"class":116},[63,150223,1684],{"class":81},[63,150225,1091],{"class":81},[63,150227,741],{"class":85},[63,150229,89],{"class":81},[63,150231,746],{"class":85},[63,150233,2080],{"class":81},[63,150235,150236,150238,150240,150243],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150237,140],{"class":139},[63,150239,113],{"class":81},[63,150241,150242],{"class":145},"nested",[63,150244,126],{"class":81},[14,150246,163],{},[54,150248,150250],{"className":56,"code":150249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,150251,150252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150255,113],{"class":81},[63,150257,86],{"class":85},[63,150259,89],{"class":81},[63,150261,1687],{"class":81},[63,150263,193],{"class":116},[63,150265,196],{"class":120},[63,150267,193],{"class":116},[63,150269,89],{"class":81},[63,150271,203],{"class":116},[63,150273,206],{"class":120},[63,150275,193],{"class":116},[63,150277,1684],{"class":81},[63,150279,1091],{"class":81},[63,150281,741],{"class":85},[63,150283,89],{"class":81},[63,150285,746],{"class":85},[63,150287,2080],{"class":81},[49,150289,150291,150292],{"id":150290},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,150293,38337],{},[14,150295,150296,150297,150299],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,150298,38337],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150301,150302,150303,259],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[196,150304,556],{"href":555},[486,150306,105345],{"id":105344},[54,150308,150310],{"className":56,"code":150309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,150311,150312,150334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150313,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150315,70],{"class":69},[63,150317,74],{"class":73},[63,150319,149452],{"class":77},[63,150321,2071],{"class":81},[63,150323,86],{"class":85},[63,150325,89],{"class":81},[63,150327,92],{"class":85},[63,150329,89],{"class":81},[63,150331,97],{"class":85},[63,150333,2080],{"class":81},[63,150335,150336,150338,150340,150342],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150337,140],{"class":139},[63,150339,113],{"class":81},[63,150341,146],{"class":145},[63,150343,126],{"class":81},[14,150345,163],{},[54,150347,150348],{"className":56,"code":149665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,150349,150350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150351,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150353,113],{"class":81},[63,150355,86],{"class":85},[63,150357,89],{"class":81},[63,150359,92],{"class":85},[63,150361,89],{"class":81},[63,150363,97],{"class":85},[63,150365,126],{"class":81},[486,150367,105531],{"id":105530},[54,150369,150371],{"className":56,"code":150370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,150372,150373,150391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150374,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150376,106],{"class":69},[63,150378,74],{"class":73},[63,150380,149452],{"class":77},[63,150382,113],{"class":81},[63,150384,117],{"class":116},[63,150386,121],{"class":120},[63,150388,117],{"class":116},[63,150390,126],{"class":81},[63,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150394,140],{"class":139},[63,150396,113],{"class":81},[63,150398,158],{"class":145},[63,150400,126],{"class":81},[14,150402,163],{},[54,150404,150406],{"className":56,"code":150405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,150407,150408],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150409,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150411,113],{"class":81},[63,150413,193],{"class":116},[63,150415,196],{"class":120},[63,150417,193],{"class":116},[63,150419,89],{"class":81},[63,150421,203],{"class":116},[63,150423,206],{"class":120},[63,150425,193],{"class":116},[63,150427,89],{"class":81},[63,150429,203],{"class":116},[63,150431,215],{"class":120},[63,150433,193],{"class":116},[63,150435,126],{"class":81},[14,150437,150438],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[486,150440,150442],{"id":150441},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[54,150444,150446],{"className":56,"code":150445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,150447,150448,150466],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150449,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150451,731],{"class":69},[63,150453,74],{"class":73},[63,150455,149452],{"class":77},[63,150457,113],{"class":81},[63,150459,40],{"class":139},[63,150461,113],{"class":81},[63,150463,2840],{"class":85},[63,150465,100],{"class":81},[63,150467,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150469,140],{"class":139},[63,150471,113],{"class":81},[63,150473,763],{"class":145},[63,150475,126],{"class":81},[14,150477,163],{},[54,150479,150481],{"className":56,"code":150480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,150482,150483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150486,113],{"class":81},[63,150488,687],{"class":85},[63,150490,89],{"class":81},[63,150492,692],{"class":85},[63,150494,89],{"class":81},[63,150496,92],{"class":85},[63,150498,89],{"class":81},[63,150500,97],{"class":85},[63,150502,126],{"class":81},[14,150504,150505],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[49,150507,21095],{"id":21094},[29,150509,150510,150513,150516,150519],{},[32,150511,150512],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[32,150514,150515],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[32,150517,150518],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[32,150520,150521],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150523,150524,150525,259],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[196,150526,150528],{"href":150527},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[49,150530,3167],{"id":3166},[14,150532,150533],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[486,150535,150537],{"id":150536},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150539,150540],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[54,150542,150544],{"className":56,"code":150543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150545,150546,150562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150547,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150549,28829],{"class":69},[63,150551,74],{"class":73},[63,150553,1687],{"class":81},[63,150555,117],{"class":116},[63,150557,408],{"class":120},[63,150559,117],{"class":116},[63,150561,126],{"class":81},[63,150563,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150565,140],{"class":139},[63,150567,113],{"class":81},[63,150569,3557],{"class":77},[63,150571,113],{"class":81},[63,150573,23603],{"class":145},[63,150575,100],{"class":81},[14,150577,150578],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[54,150580,150582],{"className":56,"code":150581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150583,150584,150600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150585,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150587,28829],{"class":69},[63,150589,74],{"class":73},[63,150591,1687],{"class":81},[63,150593,117],{"class":116},[63,150595,408],{"class":120},[63,150597,117],{"class":116},[63,150599,149442],{"class":81},[63,150601,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150603,140],{"class":139},[63,150605,113],{"class":81},[63,150607,3557],{"class":77},[63,150609,113],{"class":81},[63,150611,23603],{"class":145},[63,150613,100],{"class":81},[486,150615,150617],{"id":150616},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150619,150620],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[54,150622,150624],{"className":56,"code":150623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150625,150626,150646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150627,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150629,731],{"class":69},[63,150631,74],{"class":73},[63,150633,1091],{"class":81},[63,150635,86],{"class":85},[63,150637,89],{"class":81},[63,150639,92],{"class":85},[63,150641,89],{"class":81},[63,150643,97],{"class":85},[63,150645,186],{"class":81},[63,150647,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150649,140],{"class":139},[63,150651,113],{"class":81},[63,150653,3557],{"class":77},[63,150655,113],{"class":81},[63,150657,763],{"class":145},[63,150659,100],{"class":81},[14,150661,150662],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[54,150664,150666],{"className":56,"code":150665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150667,150668,150688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150671,731],{"class":69},[63,150673,74],{"class":73},[63,150675,1687],{"class":81},[63,150677,86],{"class":85},[63,150679,89],{"class":81},[63,150681,92],{"class":85},[63,150683,89],{"class":81},[63,150685,97],{"class":85},[63,150687,126],{"class":81},[63,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150691,140],{"class":139},[63,150693,113],{"class":81},[63,150695,3557],{"class":77},[63,150697,113],{"class":81},[63,150699,763],{"class":145},[63,150701,100],{"class":81},[486,150703,150705],{"id":150704},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150707,150518],{},[54,150709,150711],{"className":56,"code":150710,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150712,150713,150733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150714,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150716,70],{"class":69},[63,150718,74],{"class":73},[63,150720,1687],{"class":81},[63,150722,86],{"class":85},[63,150724,89],{"class":81},[63,150726,92],{"class":85},[63,150728,89],{"class":81},[63,150730,97],{"class":85},[63,150732,126],{"class":81},[63,150734,150735],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150736,150737],{"class":1910},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150739,150740],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[486,150742,37494,150744,150747],{"id":150743},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150745,150746],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150749,2087],{},[54,150751,150752],{"className":56,"code":150370,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,150753,150754,150772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150755,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150757,106],{"class":69},[63,150759,74],{"class":73},[63,150761,149452],{"class":77},[63,150763,113],{"class":81},[63,150765,117],{"class":116},[63,150767,121],{"class":120},[63,150769,117],{"class":116},[63,150771,126],{"class":81},[63,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150775,140],{"class":139},[63,150777,113],{"class":81},[63,150779,158],{"class":145},[63,150781,126],{"class":81},[14,150783,150784],{},"gives:",[54,150786,150787],{"className":56,"code":150405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,150788,150789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150790,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150792,113],{"class":81},[63,150794,193],{"class":116},[63,150796,196],{"class":120},[63,150798,193],{"class":116},[63,150800,89],{"class":81},[63,150802,203],{"class":116},[63,150804,206],{"class":120},[63,150806,193],{"class":116},[63,150808,89],{"class":81},[63,150810,203],{"class":116},[63,150812,215],{"class":120},[63,150814,193],{"class":116},[63,150816,126],{"class":81},[14,150818,150819],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[54,150821,150823],{"className":56,"code":150822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150824,150825,150841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150826,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150828,6474],{"class":69},[63,150830,74],{"class":73},[63,150832,1687],{"class":81},[63,150834,117],{"class":116},[63,150836,121],{"class":120},[63,150838,117],{"class":116},[63,150840,149442],{"class":81},[63,150842,150843,150845,150847,150849],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150844,140],{"class":139},[63,150846,113],{"class":81},[63,150848,38681],{"class":145},[63,150850,126],{"class":81},[14,150852,163],{},[54,150854,150856],{"className":56,"code":150855,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('abc',)\n",[18,150857,150858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150861,113],{"class":81},[63,150863,193],{"class":116},[63,150865,121],{"class":120},[63,150867,193],{"class":116},[63,150869,149442],{"class":81},[486,150871,150873],{"id":150872},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150875,150876],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[54,150878,150880],{"className":56,"code":150879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150881,150882,150899,150903,150913,150927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,150883,150884,150887,150889,150891,150893,150895,150897],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,150885,150886],{"class":69},"my_tuple ",[63,150888,74],{"class":73},[63,150890,1687],{"class":81},[63,150892,117],{"class":116},[63,150894,408],{"class":120},[63,150896,117],{"class":116},[63,150898,149442],{"class":81},[63,150900,150901],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,150902,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,150906,140],{"class":139},[63,150908,113],{"class":81},[63,150910,148104],{"class":145},[63,150912,126],{"class":81},[63,150914,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,150916,140],{"class":139},[63,150918,113],{"class":81},[63,150920,3557],{"class":77},[63,150922,113],{"class":81},[63,150924,148104],{"class":145},[63,150926,100],{"class":81},[63,150928,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,150930,140],{"class":139},[63,150932,113],{"class":81},[63,150934,11468],{"class":139},[63,150936,113],{"class":81},[63,150938,148104],{"class":145},[63,150940,100],{"class":81},[49,150942,2165],{"id":2164},[486,150944,150946],{"id":150945},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150948,150949,150950,150953],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150951,150952],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[486,150955,150957],{"id":150956},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150959,150960],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[486,150962,150964],{"id":150963},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150966,150967],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[486,150969,150971],{"id":150970},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150973,150974],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[486,150976,5469,150978,13023],{"id":150977},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150979,150746],{},[14,150981,5475,150982,150985],{},[18,150983,150984],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[49,150987,2219],{"id":2218},[29,150989,150990,150994,150998,151004,151009,151014,151018],{},[32,150991,150992],{},[196,150993,148086],{"href":148085},[32,150995,150996],{},[196,150997,149759],{"href":149758},[32,150999,151000],{},[196,151001,151003],{"href":151002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[32,151005,151006],{},[196,151007,151008],{"href":149324},"Python tuple length with len()",[32,151010,151011],{},[196,151012,151013],{"href":149389},"What is a tuple in Python?",[32,151015,151016],{},[196,151017,556],{"href":555},[32,151019,151020],{},[196,151021,151022],{"href":150527},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2259,151024,151025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":151027},[151028,151029,151030,151031,151032,151033,151039,151045,151046,151054,151062],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":149618,"depth":103,"text":149619},{"id":149762,"depth":103,"text":149763},{"id":149855,"depth":103,"text":149856},{"id":150048,"depth":103,"text":150049,"children":151034},[151035,151036,151037,151038],{"id":146,"depth":129,"text":56743},{"id":311,"depth":129,"text":56746},{"id":150140,"depth":129,"text":150141},{"id":150183,"depth":129,"text":150184},{"id":150290,"depth":103,"text":151040,"children":151041},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151042,151043,151044],{"id":105344,"depth":129,"text":105345},{"id":105530,"depth":129,"text":105531},{"id":150441,"depth":129,"text":150442},{"id":21094,"depth":103,"text":21095},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":151047},[151048,151049,151050,151051,151053],{"id":150536,"depth":129,"text":150537},{"id":150616,"depth":129,"text":150617},{"id":150704,"depth":129,"text":150705},{"id":150743,"depth":129,"text":151052},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150872,"depth":129,"text":150873},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":151055},[151056,151057,151058,151059,151060],{"id":150945,"depth":129,"text":150946},{"id":150956,"depth":129,"text":150957},{"id":150963,"depth":129,"text":150964},{"id":150970,"depth":129,"text":150971},{"id":150977,"depth":129,"text":151061},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149375,"description":151063},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151070,"title":151071,"body":151072,"description":152617,"extension":2300,"meta":152618,"navigation":132,"path":152619,"seo":152620,"stem":152621,"__hash__":152622},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151073,"toc":152587},[151074,151077,151082,151084,151097,151103,151105,151172,151174,151209,151214,151218,151222,151224,151235,151243,151245,151247,151268,151270,151290,151293,151295,151300,151343,151345,151367,151370,151383,151387,151391,151394,151447,151449,151470,151475,151479,151482,151527,151529,151562,151574,151578,151586,151623,151625,151654,151658,151661,151714,151716,151736,151743,151747,151752,151821,151823,151848,151852,151855,151861,151938,151940,151999,152001,152013,152018,152022,152026,152040,152042,152077,152079,152096,152099,152112,152116,152120,152131,152136,152151,152154,152157,152159,152162,152166,152168,152182,152184,152208,152213,152217,152220,152239,152242,152291,152296,152313,152316,152349,152353,152355,152406,152409,152434,152437,152460,152464,152470,152472,152507,152510,152515,152517,152521,152524,152528,152533,152537,152540,152544,152547,152551,152556,152558,152584],[10,151075,151071],{"id":151076},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151078,16,151079,151081],{},[18,151080,38337],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151083,82686],{},[29,151085,151086,151091],{},[32,151087,151088,151090],{},[18,151089,38337],{}," creates an empty tuple",[32,151092,151093,151096],{},[18,151094,151095],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151098,151099,151100,151102],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,151101,38337],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[49,151104,52],{"id":51},[54,151106,151108],{"className":56,"code":151107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,151109,151110,151130,151144,151148,151158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151111,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151113,70],{"class":69},[63,151115,74],{"class":73},[63,151117,1091],{"class":81},[63,151119,86],{"class":85},[63,151121,89],{"class":81},[63,151123,92],{"class":85},[63,151125,89],{"class":81},[63,151127,97],{"class":85},[63,151129,186],{"class":81},[63,151131,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151133,851],{"class":69},[63,151135,74],{"class":73},[63,151137,149452],{"class":77},[63,151139,113],{"class":81},[63,151141,146],{"class":145},[63,151143,126],{"class":81},[63,151145,151146],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151147,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151151,140],{"class":139},[63,151153,113],{"class":81},[63,151155,875],{"class":145},[63,151157,126],{"class":81},[63,151159,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,151161,140],{"class":139},[63,151163,113],{"class":81},[63,151165,3557],{"class":77},[63,151167,113],{"class":81},[63,151169,875],{"class":145},[63,151171,100],{"class":81},[14,151173,163],{},[54,151175,151177],{"className":56,"code":151176,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,151178,151179,151195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151180,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151182,113],{"class":81},[63,151184,86],{"class":85},[63,151186,89],{"class":81},[63,151188,92],{"class":85},[63,151190,89],{"class":81},[63,151192,97],{"class":85},[63,151194,126],{"class":81},[63,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151198,3626],{"class":73},[63,151200,3629],{"class":2402},[63,151202,203],{"class":116},[63,151204,49245],{"class":120},[63,151206,193],{"class":116},[63,151208,3638],{"class":73},[14,151210,222,151211,151213],{},[18,151212,151095],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[49,151215,151217],{"id":151216},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151219,151220,237],{},[18,151221,38337],{},[14,151223,49219],{},[29,151225,151226,151229,151232],{},[32,151227,151228],{},"creates a tuple object",[32,151230,151231],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[32,151233,151234],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151236,151237,151238,151240,151241,259],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[196,151239,149390],{"href":149389}," or the full guide to ",[196,151242,148086],{"href":148085},[49,151244,263],{"id":262},[14,151246,266],{},[54,151248,151250],{"className":56,"code":151249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,151251,151252,151258],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151253,151254,151256],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151255,49245],{"class":77},[63,151257,279],{"class":81},[63,151259,151260,151262,151264,151266],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151261,49245],{"class":77},[63,151263,113],{"class":81},[63,151265,288],{"class":145},[63,151267,126],{"class":81},[14,151269,11766],{},[29,151271,151272,151275],{},[32,151273,151274],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[32,151276,151277,151278],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[29,151279,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288],{},[32,151281,932],{},[32,151283,311],{},[32,151285,320],{},[32,151287,317],{},[32,151289,323],{},[14,151291,151292],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[49,151294,149763],{"id":149762},[14,151296,29941,151297,151299],{},[18,151298,38337],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[54,151301,151303],{"className":56,"code":151302,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,151304,151305,151315,151319,151329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151306,151307,151309,151311,151313],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151308,124950],{"class":69},[63,151310,74],{"class":73},[63,151312,149452],{"class":77},[63,151314,279],{"class":81},[63,151316,151317],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151318,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151320,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151322,140],{"class":139},[63,151324,113],{"class":81},[63,151326,125001],{"class":145},[63,151328,126],{"class":81},[63,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151332,140],{"class":139},[63,151334,113],{"class":81},[63,151336,3557],{"class":77},[63,151338,113],{"class":81},[63,151340,125001],{"class":145},[63,151342,100],{"class":81},[14,151344,163],{},[54,151346,151347],{"className":56,"code":149808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,151348,151349,151353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151350,151351],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151352,279],{"class":81},[63,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151356,3626],{"class":73},[63,151358,3629],{"class":2402},[63,151360,203],{"class":116},[63,151362,49245],{"class":120},[63,151364,193],{"class":116},[63,151366,3638],{"class":73},[14,151368,151369],{},"This is equivalent to:",[54,151371,151373],{"className":56,"code":151372,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\n",[18,151374,151375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151376,151377,151379,151381],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151378,124950],{"class":69},[63,151380,74],{"class":73},[63,151382,149428],{"class":81},[49,151384,151386],{"id":151385},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[486,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151392,151393],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[54,151395,151397],{"className":56,"code":151396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151398,151399,151419,151433,151437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151400,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151402,70],{"class":69},[63,151404,74],{"class":73},[63,151406,1091],{"class":81},[63,151408,741],{"class":85},[63,151410,89],{"class":81},[63,151412,746],{"class":85},[63,151414,89],{"class":81},[63,151416,751],{"class":85},[63,151418,186],{"class":81},[63,151420,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151422,851],{"class":69},[63,151424,74],{"class":73},[63,151426,149452],{"class":77},[63,151428,113],{"class":81},[63,151430,146],{"class":145},[63,151432,126],{"class":81},[63,151434,151435],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151436,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151438,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151440,140],{"class":139},[63,151442,113],{"class":81},[63,151444,875],{"class":145},[63,151446,126],{"class":81},[14,151448,163],{},[54,151450,151452],{"className":56,"code":151451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,151453,151454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151455,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151457,113],{"class":81},[63,151459,741],{"class":85},[63,151461,89],{"class":81},[63,151463,746],{"class":85},[63,151465,89],{"class":81},[63,151467,751],{"class":85},[63,151469,126],{"class":81},[14,151471,151472,151473,259],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[196,151474,105150],{"href":60332},[486,151476,151478],{"id":151477},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151480,151481],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[54,151483,151485],{"className":56,"code":151484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151486,151487,151499,151513,151517],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151488,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151490,34981],{"class":69},[63,151492,74],{"class":73},[63,151494,824],{"class":116},[63,151496,580],{"class":120},[63,151498,3694],{"class":116},[63,151500,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151502,851],{"class":69},[63,151504,74],{"class":73},[63,151506,149452],{"class":77},[63,151508,113],{"class":81},[63,151510,35002],{"class":145},[63,151512,126],{"class":81},[63,151514,151515],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151516,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151518,151519,151521,151523,151525],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151520,140],{"class":139},[63,151522,113],{"class":81},[63,151524,875],{"class":145},[63,151526,126],{"class":81},[14,151528,163],{},[54,151530,151532],{"className":56,"code":151531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,151533,151534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151537,113],{"class":81},[63,151539,193],{"class":116},[63,151541,215],{"class":120},[63,151543,193],{"class":116},[63,151545,89],{"class":81},[63,151547,203],{"class":116},[63,151549,196],{"class":120},[63,151551,193],{"class":116},[63,151553,89],{"class":81},[63,151555,203],{"class":116},[63,151557,626],{"class":120},[63,151559,193],{"class":116},[63,151561,126],{"class":81},[14,151563,151564,151565,14352,151568,151570,151571,259],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,151566,151567],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1217,151569,4961],{}," create ",[18,151572,151573],{},"('cat',)",[486,151575,151577],{"id":151576},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151579,151580,151582,151583,151585],{},[18,151581,716],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151584,38337],{}," collects them all.",[54,151587,151589],{"className":56,"code":151588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151590,151591,151609,151613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151592,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151594,851],{"class":69},[63,151596,74],{"class":73},[63,151598,149452],{"class":77},[63,151600,113],{"class":81},[63,151602,40],{"class":139},[63,151604,113],{"class":81},[63,151606,661],{"class":85},[63,151608,100],{"class":81},[63,151610,151611],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151612,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151614,151615,151617,151619,151621],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151616,140],{"class":139},[63,151618,113],{"class":81},[63,151620,875],{"class":145},[63,151622,126],{"class":81},[14,151624,163],{},[54,151626,151628],{"className":56,"code":151627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151629,151630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151633,113],{"class":81},[63,151635,687],{"class":85},[63,151637,89],{"class":81},[63,151639,692],{"class":85},[63,151641,89],{"class":81},[63,151643,92],{"class":85},[63,151645,89],{"class":81},[63,151647,97],{"class":85},[63,151649,89],{"class":81},[63,151651,705],{"class":85},[63,151653,126],{"class":81},[486,151655,151657],{"id":151656},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151659,151660],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[54,151662,151664],{"className":56,"code":151663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151665,151666,151686,151700,151704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151667,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151669,731],{"class":69},[63,151671,74],{"class":73},[63,151673,811],{"class":81},[63,151675,86],{"class":85},[63,151677,89],{"class":81},[63,151679,92],{"class":85},[63,151681,89],{"class":81},[63,151683,97],{"class":85},[63,151685,846],{"class":81},[63,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151689,851],{"class":69},[63,151691,74],{"class":73},[63,151693,149452],{"class":77},[63,151695,113],{"class":81},[63,151697,763],{"class":145},[63,151699,126],{"class":81},[63,151701,151702],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151703,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151705,151706,151708,151710,151712],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151707,140],{"class":139},[63,151709,113],{"class":81},[63,151711,875],{"class":145},[63,151713,126],{"class":81},[14,151715,163],{},[54,151717,151718],{"className":56,"code":149665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,151719,151720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151721,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151723,113],{"class":81},[63,151725,86],{"class":85},[63,151727,89],{"class":81},[63,151729,92],{"class":85},[63,151731,89],{"class":81},[63,151733,97],{"class":85},[63,151735,126],{"class":81},[14,151737,151738,151739,259],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[196,151740,151742],{"href":151741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[486,151744,151746],{"id":151745},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151748,907,151749,151751],{},[18,151750,38337],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[54,151753,151755],{"className":56,"code":151754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151756,151757,151793,151807,151811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151758,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151760,806],{"class":69},[63,151762,74],{"class":73},[63,151764,811],{"class":81},[63,151766,117],{"class":116},[63,151768,816],{"class":120},[63,151770,117],{"class":116},[63,151772,821],{"class":81},[63,151774,824],{"class":116},[63,151776,827],{"class":120},[63,151778,117],{"class":116},[63,151780,89],{"class":81},[63,151782,824],{"class":116},[63,151784,836],{"class":120},[63,151786,117],{"class":116},[63,151788,821],{"class":81},[63,151790,843],{"class":85},[63,151792,846],{"class":81},[63,151794,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151796,851],{"class":69},[63,151798,74],{"class":73},[63,151800,149452],{"class":77},[63,151802,113],{"class":81},[63,151804,860],{"class":145},[63,151806,126],{"class":81},[63,151808,151809],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151810,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151814,140],{"class":139},[63,151816,113],{"class":81},[63,151818,875],{"class":145},[63,151820,126],{"class":81},[14,151822,30321],{},[54,151824,151826],{"className":56,"code":151825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151827,151828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151829,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151831,113],{"class":81},[63,151833,193],{"class":116},[63,151835,816],{"class":120},[63,151837,193],{"class":116},[63,151839,89],{"class":81},[63,151841,203],{"class":116},[63,151843,836],{"class":120},[63,151845,193],{"class":116},[63,151847,126],{"class":81},[49,151849,151851],{"id":151850},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151853,151854],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151856,151857,151860],{},[18,151858,151859],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[54,151862,151864],{"className":56,"code":151863,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151865,151866,151902,151906,151920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151869,806],{"class":69},[63,151871,74],{"class":73},[63,151873,811],{"class":81},[63,151875,117],{"class":116},[63,151877,816],{"class":120},[63,151879,117],{"class":116},[63,151881,821],{"class":81},[63,151883,824],{"class":116},[63,151885,827],{"class":120},[63,151887,117],{"class":116},[63,151889,89],{"class":81},[63,151891,824],{"class":116},[63,151893,836],{"class":120},[63,151895,117],{"class":116},[63,151897,821],{"class":81},[63,151899,843],{"class":85},[63,151901,846],{"class":81},[63,151903,151904],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151905,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,151907,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,151909,140],{"class":139},[63,151911,113],{"class":81},[63,151913,49245],{"class":77},[63,151915,113],{"class":81},[63,151917,860],{"class":145},[63,151919,100],{"class":81},[63,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,151923,140],{"class":139},[63,151925,113],{"class":81},[63,151927,49245],{"class":77},[63,151929,113],{"class":81},[63,151931,860],{"class":145},[63,151933,259],{"class":81},[63,151935,357],{"class":145},[63,151937,1561],{"class":81},[14,151939,163],{},[54,151941,151943],{"className":56,"code":151942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151944,151945,151965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,151946,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,151948,113],{"class":81},[63,151950,193],{"class":116},[63,151952,816],{"class":120},[63,151954,193],{"class":116},[63,151956,89],{"class":81},[63,151958,203],{"class":116},[63,151960,836],{"class":120},[63,151962,193],{"class":116},[63,151964,126],{"class":81},[63,151966,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,151968,82],{"class":81},[63,151970,193],{"class":116},[63,151972,816],{"class":120},[63,151974,193],{"class":116},[63,151976,89],{"class":81},[63,151978,203],{"class":116},[63,151980,827],{"class":120},[63,151982,193],{"class":116},[63,151984,1684],{"class":81},[63,151986,1687],{"class":81},[63,151988,193],{"class":116},[63,151990,836],{"class":120},[63,151992,193],{"class":116},[63,151994,89],{"class":81},[63,151996,843],{"class":85},[63,151998,100],{"class":81},[14,152000,1937],{},[29,152002,152003,152008],{},[32,152004,152005,152007],{},[18,152006,151859],{}," for keys",[32,152009,152010,32849],{},[18,152011,152012],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,152014,152015,152016,259],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[196,152017,917],{"href":916},[49,152019,152021],{"id":152020},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,152023,152024,18615],{},[18,152025,38337],{},[29,152027,152028,152031,152034,152037],{},[32,152029,152030],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[32,152032,152033],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[32,152035,152036],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[32,152038,152039],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152041,2543],{},[54,152043,152045],{"className":56,"code":152044,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,152046,152047,152066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152048,152049,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152050,152051],{"class":69},"coordinates ",[63,152053,74],{"class":73},[63,152055,149452],{"class":77},[63,152057,2071],{"class":81},[63,152059,2840],{"class":85},[63,152061,89],{"class":81},[63,152063,6313],{"class":85},[63,152065,2080],{"class":81},[63,152067,152068,152070,152072,152075],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152069,140],{"class":139},[63,152071,113],{"class":81},[63,152073,152074],{"class":145},"coordinates",[63,152076,126],{"class":81},[14,152078,163],{},[54,152080,152082],{"className":56,"code":152081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(4, 7)\n",[18,152083,152084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152085,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152087,113],{"class":81},[63,152089,2840],{"class":85},[63,152091,89],{"class":81},[63,152093,6313],{"class":85},[63,152095,126],{"class":81},[14,152097,152098],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[29,152100,152101,152103,152106,152109],{},[32,152102,152074],{},[32,152104,152105],{},"RGB colors",[32,152107,152108],{},"dates",[32,152110,152111],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[49,152113,152115],{"id":152114},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152117,44720,152118,1716],{},[18,152119,38337],{},[29,152121,152122,152125,152128],{},[32,152123,152124],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[32,152126,152127],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[32,152129,152130],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152132,116577,152133,152135],{},[1217,152134,4961],{}," work:",[54,152137,152139],{"className":56,"code":152138,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(5)\n",[18,152140,152141],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152142,152143,152145,152147,152149],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152144,49245],{"class":77},[63,152146,113],{"class":81},[63,152148,661],{"class":85},[63,152150,126],{"class":81},[14,152152,152153],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152155,152156],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[49,152158,115415],{"id":115414},[14,152160,152161],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[486,152163,152165],{"id":152164},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152167,3174],{},[54,152169,152170],{"className":56,"code":152138,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,152171,152172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152173,152174,152176,152178,152180],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152175,49245],{"class":77},[63,152177,113],{"class":81},[63,152179,661],{"class":85},[63,152181,126],{"class":81},[14,152183,29972],{},[54,152185,152186],{"className":56,"code":1025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,152187,152188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152189,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152191,1032],{"class":77},[63,152193,821],{"class":81},[63,152195,203],{"class":116},[63,152197,1039],{"class":120},[63,152199,193],{"class":116},[63,152201,1044],{"class":77},[63,152203,1047],{"class":73},[63,152205,1050],{"class":73},[63,152207,1053],{"class":69},[14,152209,152210,152211,259],{},"If you see this, read ",[196,152212,62563],{"href":1064},[486,152214,152216],{"id":152215},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152218,152219],{},"This code:",[54,152221,152223],{"className":56,"code":152222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,152224,152225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152226,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152228,49245],{"class":77},[63,152230,113],{"class":81},[63,152232,117],{"class":116},[63,152234,1995],{"class":120},[63,152236,117],{"class":116},[63,152238,126],{"class":81},[14,152240,152241],{},"returns:",[54,152243,152245],{"className":56,"code":152244,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,152246,152247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152248,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152250,113],{"class":81},[63,152252,193],{"class":116},[63,152254,985],{"class":120},[63,152256,193],{"class":116},[63,152258,89],{"class":81},[63,152260,203],{"class":116},[63,152262,2023],{"class":120},[63,152264,193],{"class":116},[63,152266,89],{"class":81},[63,152268,203],{"class":116},[63,152270,2032],{"class":120},[63,152272,193],{"class":116},[63,152274,89],{"class":81},[63,152276,203],{"class":116},[63,152278,2032],{"class":120},[63,152280,193],{"class":116},[63,152282,89],{"class":81},[63,152284,203],{"class":116},[63,152286,2049],{"class":120},[63,152288,193],{"class":116},[63,152290,126],{"class":81},[14,152292,41196,152293,152295],{},[1217,152294,4961],{}," return:",[54,152297,152299],{"className":56,"code":152298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('hello',)\n",[18,152300,152301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152304,113],{"class":81},[63,152306,193],{"class":116},[63,152308,1995],{"class":120},[63,152310,193],{"class":116},[63,152312,149442],{"class":81},[14,152314,152315],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[54,152317,152319],{"className":56,"code":152318,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,152320,152321,152338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152322,152323,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152324,152325],{"class":69},"single ",[63,152327,74],{"class":73},[63,152329,1687],{"class":81},[63,152331,117],{"class":116},[63,152333,1995],{"class":120},[63,152335,117],{"class":116},[63,152337,149442],{"class":81},[63,152339,152340,152342,152344,152347],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152341,140],{"class":139},[63,152343,113],{"class":81},[63,152345,152346],{"class":145},"single",[63,152348,126],{"class":81},[486,152350,152352],{"id":152351},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152354,152219],{},[54,152356,152358],{"className":56,"code":152357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,152359,152360,152392],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152363,2097],{"class":69},[63,152365,74],{"class":73},[63,152367,811],{"class":81},[63,152369,117],{"class":116},[63,152371,196],{"class":120},[63,152373,117],{"class":116},[63,152375,821],{"class":81},[63,152377,692],{"class":85},[63,152379,89],{"class":81},[63,152381,824],{"class":116},[63,152383,206],{"class":120},[63,152385,117],{"class":116},[63,152387,821],{"class":81},[63,152389,92],{"class":85},[63,152391,846],{"class":81},[63,152393,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152395,140],{"class":139},[63,152397,113],{"class":81},[63,152399,49245],{"class":77},[63,152401,113],{"class":81},[63,152403,2138],{"class":145},[63,152405,100],{"class":81},[14,152407,152408],{},"returns only the keys:",[54,152410,152412],{"className":56,"code":152411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,152413,152414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152415,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152417,113],{"class":81},[63,152419,193],{"class":116},[63,152421,196],{"class":120},[63,152423,193],{"class":116},[63,152425,89],{"class":81},[63,152427,203],{"class":116},[63,152429,206],{"class":120},[63,152431,193],{"class":116},[63,152433,126],{"class":81},[14,152435,152436],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[54,152438,152440],{"className":56,"code":152439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,152441,152442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152443,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152445,140],{"class":139},[63,152447,113],{"class":81},[63,152449,49245],{"class":77},[63,152451,113],{"class":81},[63,152453,2138],{"class":145},[63,152455,259],{"class":81},[63,152457,357],{"class":145},[63,152459,1561],{"class":81},[486,152461,152463],{"id":152462},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152465,152466,152467,152469],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,152468,38337],{}," conversion.",[14,152471,5794],{},[54,152473,152475],{"className":56,"code":152474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,152476,152477,152497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152478,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152480,2782],{"class":69},[63,152482,74],{"class":73},[63,152484,1687],{"class":81},[63,152486,86],{"class":85},[63,152488,89],{"class":81},[63,152490,92],{"class":85},[63,152492,89],{"class":81},[63,152494,97],{"class":85},[63,152496,126],{"class":81},[63,152498,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152500,140],{"class":139},[63,152502,113],{"class":81},[63,152504,2807],{"class":145},[63,152506,126],{"class":81},[14,152508,152509],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152511,25796,152512,152514],{},[18,152513,38337],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[49,152516,2165],{"id":2164},[486,152518,152520],{"id":152519},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152522,152523],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[486,152525,152527],{"id":152526},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152529,152530,152531,259],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,152532,7686],{},[486,152534,152536],{"id":152535},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152538,152539],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[486,152541,152543],{"id":152542},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152545,152546],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[486,152548,152550],{"id":152549},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152552,152553,152554,259],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,152555,1032],{},[49,152557,2219],{"id":2218},[29,152559,152560,152564,152568,152572,152576,152580],{},[32,152561,152562],{},[196,152563,148086],{"href":148085},[32,152565,152566],{},[196,152567,151013],{"href":149389},[32,152569,152570],{},[196,152571,105150],{"href":60332},[32,152573,152574],{},[196,152575,151742],{"href":151741},[32,152577,152578],{},[196,152579,917],{"href":916},[32,152581,152582],{},[196,152583,62563],{"href":1064},[2259,152585,152586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":152588},[152589,152590,152591,152592,152593,152600,152601,152602,152603,152609,152616],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":151216,"depth":103,"text":151217},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":149762,"depth":103,"text":149763},{"id":151385,"depth":103,"text":151386,"children":152594},[152595,152596,152597,152598,152599],{"id":151389,"depth":129,"text":151390},{"id":151477,"depth":129,"text":151478},{"id":151576,"depth":129,"text":151577},{"id":151656,"depth":129,"text":151657},{"id":151745,"depth":129,"text":151746},{"id":151850,"depth":103,"text":151851},{"id":152020,"depth":103,"text":152021},{"id":152114,"depth":103,"text":152115},{"id":115414,"depth":103,"text":115415,"children":152604},[152605,152606,152607,152608],{"id":152164,"depth":129,"text":152165},{"id":152215,"depth":129,"text":152216},{"id":152351,"depth":129,"text":152352},{"id":152462,"depth":129,"text":152463},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":152610},[152611,152612,152613,152614,152615],{"id":152519,"depth":129,"text":152520},{"id":152526,"depth":129,"text":152527},{"id":152535,"depth":129,"text":152536},{"id":152542,"depth":129,"text":152543},{"id":152549,"depth":129,"text":152550},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151071,"description":152617},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152624,"title":152625,"body":152626,"description":154039,"extension":2300,"meta":154040,"navigation":132,"path":154041,"seo":154042,"stem":154043,"__hash__":154044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152627,"toc":154011},[152628,152633,152638,152641,152643,152722,152728,152733,152737,152752,152754,152801,152803,152811,152819,152825,152827,152832,152852,152855,152882,152884,152908,152910,153052,153054,153058,153066,153069,153071,153148,153150,153158,153162,153166,153176,153186,153188,153193,153195,153254,153259,153261,153361,153363,153377,153382,153388,153395,153398,153400,153510,153514,153531,153533,153596,153598,153606,153618,153622,153627,153655,153658,153740,153742,153753,153755,153759,153786,153788,153790,153870,153878,153880,153935,153937,153942,153945,153949,153953,153955,153959,153963,153971,153978,153981,153983,154008],[10,152629,147970,152631,11629],{"id":152630},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152632,59249],{},[14,152634,152635,152637],{},[18,152636,149291],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152639,152640],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[49,152642,52],{"id":51},[54,152644,152646],{"className":56,"code":152645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152647,152648,152688,152710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152649,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152651,13381],{"class":69},[63,152653,74],{"class":73},[63,152655,1687],{"class":81},[63,152657,117],{"class":116},[63,152659,13398],{"class":120},[63,152661,117],{"class":116},[63,152663,89],{"class":81},[63,152665,824],{"class":116},[63,152667,13415],{"class":120},[63,152669,117],{"class":116},[63,152671,89],{"class":81},[63,152673,824],{"class":116},[63,152675,17752],{"class":120},[63,152677,117],{"class":116},[63,152679,89],{"class":81},[63,152681,824],{"class":116},[63,152683,13415],{"class":120},[63,152685,117],{"class":116},[63,152687,126],{"class":81},[63,152689,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152691,65016],{"class":69},[63,152693,74],{"class":73},[63,152695,13429],{"class":69},[63,152697,259],{"class":81},[63,152699,36141],{"class":145},[63,152701,113],{"class":81},[63,152703,117],{"class":116},[63,152705,13415],{"class":120},[63,152707,117],{"class":116},[63,152709,126],{"class":81},[63,152711,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,152713,140],{"class":139},[63,152715,113],{"class":81},[63,152717,65043],{"class":145},[63,152719,3997],{"class":81},[63,152721,28070],{"class":1910},[14,152723,152724,152727],{},[18,152725,152726],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[49,152729,4014,152731,4017],{"id":152730},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152732,149291],{},[14,152734,2317,152735,11720],{},[18,152736,59249],{},[29,152738,152739,152742,152744,152747],{},[32,152740,152741],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[32,152743,128568],{},[32,152745,152746],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[32,152748,152749,152750],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152751,687],{},[14,152753,2543],{},[54,152755,152757],{"className":56,"code":152756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152758,152759,152783],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152760,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152762,70],{"class":69},[63,152764,74],{"class":73},[63,152766,1687],{"class":81},[63,152768,741],{"class":85},[63,152770,89],{"class":81},[63,152772,746],{"class":85},[63,152774,89],{"class":81},[63,152776,751],{"class":85},[63,152778,89],{"class":81},[63,152780,746],{"class":85},[63,152782,126],{"class":81},[63,152784,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152786,140],{"class":139},[63,152788,113],{"class":81},[63,152790,146],{"class":145},[63,152792,259],{"class":81},[63,152794,36141],{"class":145},[63,152796,113],{"class":81},[63,152798,16051],{"class":85},[63,152800,100],{"class":81},[14,152802,163],{},[54,152804,152805],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,152806,152807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152808,152809],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152810,47208],{"class":85},[14,152812,21272,152813,152815,152816,152818],{},[18,152814,16051],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152817,59249],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152820,151237,152821,259],{},[196,152822,152824],{"href":152823},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[49,152826,263],{"id":262},[14,152828,8083,152829,152831],{},[18,152830,59249],{}," in two ways:",[54,152833,152835],{"className":56,"code":152834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152836,152837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152838,152839,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152840,152841],{"class":69},"tuple_name",[63,152843,259],{"class":81},[63,152845,36141],{"class":145},[63,152847,113],{"class":81},[63,152849,2807],{"class":145},[63,152851,126],{"class":81},[14,152853,152854],{},"or:",[54,152856,152858],{"className":56,"code":152857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152859,152860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152861,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152863,152841],{"class":69},[63,152865,259],{"class":81},[63,152867,36141],{"class":145},[63,152869,113],{"class":81},[63,152871,2807],{"class":145},[63,152873,89],{"class":81},[63,152875,36346],{"class":145},[63,152877,89],{"class":81},[63,152879,65137],{"class":145},[63,152881,126],{"class":81},[486,152883,17691],{"id":17690},[29,152885,152886,152891,152896,152901],{},[32,152887,152888,152890],{},[18,152889,2807],{}," — the item to search for",[32,152892,152893,152895],{},[18,152894,36367],{}," — optional starting position",[32,152897,152898,152900],{},[18,152899,52951],{}," — optional ending position",[32,152902,152903,5114,152905,152907],{},[18,152904,52951],{},[1217,152906,65166],{}," in the search",[14,152909,2543],{},[54,152911,152913],{"className":56,"code":152912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152914,152915,152963,152967,152992,153020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,152916,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,152918,106],{"class":69},[63,152920,74],{"class":73},[63,152922,1687],{"class":81},[63,152924,117],{"class":116},[63,152926,196],{"class":120},[63,152928,117],{"class":116},[63,152930,89],{"class":81},[63,152932,824],{"class":116},[63,152934,206],{"class":120},[63,152936,117],{"class":116},[63,152938,89],{"class":81},[63,152940,824],{"class":116},[63,152942,215],{"class":120},[63,152944,117],{"class":116},[63,152946,89],{"class":81},[63,152948,824],{"class":116},[63,152950,206],{"class":120},[63,152952,117],{"class":116},[63,152954,89],{"class":81},[63,152956,824],{"class":116},[63,152958,19063],{"class":120},[63,152960,117],{"class":116},[63,152962,126],{"class":81},[63,152964,152965],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,152966,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,152970,140],{"class":139},[63,152972,113],{"class":81},[63,152974,158],{"class":145},[63,152976,259],{"class":81},[63,152978,36141],{"class":145},[63,152980,113],{"class":81},[63,152982,117],{"class":116},[63,152984,206],{"class":120},[63,152986,117],{"class":116},[63,152988,5683],{"class":81},[63,152990,152991],{"class":1910},"        # 1\n",[63,152993,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,152995,140],{"class":139},[63,152997,113],{"class":81},[63,152999,158],{"class":145},[63,153001,259],{"class":81},[63,153003,36141],{"class":145},[63,153005,113],{"class":81},[63,153007,117],{"class":116},[63,153009,206],{"class":120},[63,153011,117],{"class":116},[63,153013,89],{"class":81},[63,153015,92],{"class":85},[63,153017,5683],{"class":81},[63,153019,51211],{"class":1910},[63,153021,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,153023,140],{"class":139},[63,153025,113],{"class":81},[63,153027,158],{"class":145},[63,153029,259],{"class":81},[63,153031,36141],{"class":145},[63,153033,113],{"class":81},[63,153035,117],{"class":116},[63,153037,206],{"class":120},[63,153039,117],{"class":116},[63,153041,89],{"class":81},[63,153043,692],{"class":85},[63,153045,89],{"class":81},[63,153047,97],{"class":85},[63,153049,5683],{"class":81},[63,153051,28070],{"class":1910},[49,153053,103477],{"id":103476},[14,153055,153056,25799],{},[18,153057,149291],{},[29,153059,153060,153063],{},[32,153061,153062],{},"An integer",[32,153064,153065],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153067,153068],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153070,2543],{},[54,153072,153074],{"className":56,"code":153073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,153075,153076,153116,153138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153077,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153079,108576],{"class":69},[63,153081,74],{"class":73},[63,153083,1687],{"class":81},[63,153085,117],{"class":116},[63,153087,580],{"class":120},[63,153089,117],{"class":116},[63,153091,89],{"class":81},[63,153093,824],{"class":116},[63,153095,58408],{"class":120},[63,153097,117],{"class":116},[63,153099,89],{"class":81},[63,153101,824],{"class":116},[63,153103,58425],{"class":120},[63,153105,117],{"class":116},[63,153107,89],{"class":81},[63,153109,824],{"class":116},[63,153111,58408],{"class":120},[63,153113,117],{"class":116},[63,153115,126],{"class":81},[63,153117,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153119,851],{"class":69},[63,153121,74],{"class":73},[63,153123,108619],{"class":69},[63,153125,259],{"class":81},[63,153127,36141],{"class":145},[63,153129,113],{"class":81},[63,153131,117],{"class":116},[63,153133,58408],{"class":120},[63,153135,117],{"class":116},[63,153137,126],{"class":81},[63,153139,153140,153142,153144,153146],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153141,140],{"class":139},[63,153143,113],{"class":81},[63,153145,875],{"class":145},[63,153147,126],{"class":81},[14,153149,163],{},[54,153151,153152],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,153153,153154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153155,153156],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153157,47208],{"class":85},[49,153159,153161],{"id":153160},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153163,222,153164,1716],{},[18,153165,149291],{},[29,153167,153168,153170,153173],{},[32,153169,66195],{},[32,153171,153172],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[32,153174,153175],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153177,153178,153179,153182,153183,259],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,153180,153181],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[196,153184,149759],{"href":153185},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[49,153187,65727],{"id":65726},[14,153189,153190,153191,259],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,153192,40994],{},[14,153194,2543],{},[54,153196,153198],{"className":56,"code":153197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,153199,153200,153232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153201,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153203,13381],{"class":69},[63,153205,74],{"class":73},[63,153207,1687],{"class":81},[63,153209,117],{"class":116},[63,153211,13398],{"class":120},[63,153213,117],{"class":116},[63,153215,89],{"class":81},[63,153217,824],{"class":116},[63,153219,13415],{"class":120},[63,153221,117],{"class":116},[63,153223,89],{"class":81},[63,153225,824],{"class":116},[63,153227,17752],{"class":120},[63,153229,117],{"class":116},[63,153231,126],{"class":81},[63,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153235,140],{"class":139},[63,153237,113],{"class":81},[63,153239,17799],{"class":145},[63,153241,259],{"class":81},[63,153243,36141],{"class":145},[63,153245,113],{"class":81},[63,153247,117],{"class":116},[63,153249,22817],{"class":120},[63,153251,117],{"class":116},[63,153253,100],{"class":81},[14,153255,39943,153256,153258],{},[18,153257,109901],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153260,65802],{},[54,153262,153264],{"className":56,"code":153263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153265,153266,153298,153302,153318,153340,153346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153269,13381],{"class":69},[63,153271,74],{"class":73},[63,153273,1687],{"class":81},[63,153275,117],{"class":116},[63,153277,13398],{"class":120},[63,153279,117],{"class":116},[63,153281,89],{"class":81},[63,153283,824],{"class":116},[63,153285,13415],{"class":120},[63,153287,117],{"class":116},[63,153289,89],{"class":81},[63,153291,824],{"class":116},[63,153293,17752],{"class":120},[63,153295,117],{"class":116},[63,153297,126],{"class":81},[63,153299,153300],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153301,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,153303,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153305,7318],{"class":1155},[63,153307,824],{"class":116},[63,153309,22817],{"class":120},[63,153311,117],{"class":116},[63,153313,21468],{"class":73},[63,153315,13429],{"class":69},[63,153317,6713],{"class":81},[63,153319,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,153321,8386],{"class":139},[63,153323,113],{"class":81},[63,153325,17799],{"class":145},[63,153327,259],{"class":81},[63,153329,36141],{"class":145},[63,153331,113],{"class":81},[63,153333,117],{"class":116},[63,153335,22817],{"class":120},[63,153337,117],{"class":116},[63,153339,100],{"class":81},[63,153341,153342,153344],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,153343,27724],{"class":1155},[63,153345,6713],{"class":81},[63,153347,153348,153350,153352,153354,153357,153359],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,153349,8386],{"class":139},[63,153351,113],{"class":81},[63,153353,117],{"class":116},[63,153355,153356],{"class":120},"Value not found",[63,153358,117],{"class":116},[63,153360,126],{"class":81},[14,153362,163],{},[54,153364,153366],{"className":56,"code":153365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Value not found\n",[18,153367,153368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153369,153370,153373,153375],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153371,153372],{"class":69},"Value ",[63,153374,4961],{"class":73},[63,153376,65926],{"class":69},[14,153378,153379,153380,259],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[196,153381,65936],{"href":65935},[49,153383,8733,153384,4726,153386],{"id":65503},[18,153385,36367],{},[18,153387,52951],{},[14,153389,2317,153390,4726,153392,153394],{},[18,153391,36367],{},[18,153393,52951],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153396,153397],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153399,2543],{},[54,153401,153403],{"className":56,"code":153402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,153404,153405,153433,153437,153458,153482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153406,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153408,731],{"class":69},[63,153410,74],{"class":73},[63,153412,1687],{"class":81},[63,153414,661],{"class":85},[63,153416,89],{"class":81},[63,153418,6324],{"class":85},[63,153420,89],{"class":81},[63,153422,4935],{"class":85},[63,153424,89],{"class":81},[63,153426,746],{"class":85},[63,153428,89],{"class":81},[63,153430,4935],{"class":85},[63,153432,126],{"class":81},[63,153434,153435],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153436,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,153438,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153440,140],{"class":139},[63,153442,113],{"class":81},[63,153444,763],{"class":145},[63,153446,259],{"class":81},[63,153448,36141],{"class":145},[63,153450,113],{"class":81},[63,153452,661],{"class":85},[63,153454,5683],{"class":81},[63,153456,153457],{"class":1910},"        # 0\n",[63,153459,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,153461,140],{"class":139},[63,153463,113],{"class":81},[63,153465,763],{"class":145},[63,153467,259],{"class":81},[63,153469,36141],{"class":145},[63,153471,113],{"class":81},[63,153473,661],{"class":85},[63,153475,89],{"class":81},[63,153477,692],{"class":85},[63,153479,5683],{"class":81},[63,153481,51245],{"class":1910},[63,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,153485,140],{"class":139},[63,153487,113],{"class":81},[63,153489,763],{"class":145},[63,153491,259],{"class":81},[63,153493,36141],{"class":145},[63,153495,113],{"class":81},[63,153497,661],{"class":85},[63,153499,89],{"class":81},[63,153501,97],{"class":85},[63,153503,89],{"class":81},[63,153505,4935],{"class":85},[63,153507,5683],{"class":81},[63,153509,51228],{"class":1910},[486,153511,153513],{"id":153512},"how-it-works","How it works",[29,153515,153516,153521,153526],{},[32,153517,153518,153520],{},[18,153519,36367],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[32,153522,153523,153525],{},[18,153524,52951],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[32,153527,2317,153528,153530],{},[18,153529,52951],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153532,2543],{},[54,153534,153536],{"className":56,"code":153535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,153537,153538,153566,153570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153539,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153541,731],{"class":69},[63,153543,74],{"class":73},[63,153545,1687],{"class":81},[63,153547,661],{"class":85},[63,153549,89],{"class":81},[63,153551,6324],{"class":85},[63,153553,89],{"class":81},[63,153555,4935],{"class":85},[63,153557,89],{"class":81},[63,153559,746],{"class":85},[63,153561,89],{"class":81},[63,153563,4935],{"class":85},[63,153565,126],{"class":81},[63,153567,153568],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153569,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153573,140],{"class":139},[63,153575,113],{"class":81},[63,153577,763],{"class":145},[63,153579,259],{"class":81},[63,153581,36141],{"class":145},[63,153583,113],{"class":81},[63,153585,661],{"class":85},[63,153587,89],{"class":81},[63,153589,692],{"class":85},[63,153591,89],{"class":81},[63,153593,705],{"class":85},[63,153595,100],{"class":81},[14,153597,163],{},[54,153599,153600],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,153601,153602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153603,153604],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153605,17353],{"class":85},[14,153607,153608,153609,2524,153611,17369,153613,153615,153616,259],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153610,86],{},[18,153612,2394],{},[18,153614,1248],{},", but not ",[18,153617,2840],{},[49,153619,153621],{"id":153620},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153623,153624,153625,821],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153626,149291],{},[29,153628,153629,153637,153642,153649],{},[32,153630,153631,153632,153634,153635],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1217,153633,2807],{}," with the ",[1217,153636,36141],{},[32,153638,153639,153640],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153641,687],{},[32,153643,222,153644,153648],{},[196,153645,149317,153646,11046],{"href":149369},[18,153647,57571],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[32,153650,153651,153652,153654],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153653,153181],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153656,153657],{},"Example of value vs index:",[54,153659,153661],{"className":56,"code":153660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153662,153663,153695,153699,153723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153664,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153666,36529],{"class":69},[63,153668,74],{"class":73},[63,153670,1687],{"class":81},[63,153672,117],{"class":116},[63,153674,408],{"class":120},[63,153676,117],{"class":116},[63,153678,89],{"class":81},[63,153680,824],{"class":116},[63,153682,427],{"class":120},[63,153684,117],{"class":116},[63,153686,89],{"class":81},[63,153688,824],{"class":116},[63,153690,33513],{"class":120},[63,153692,117],{"class":116},[63,153694,126],{"class":81},[63,153696,153697],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153698,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,153700,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153702,140],{"class":139},[63,153704,113],{"class":81},[63,153706,36581],{"class":145},[63,153708,259],{"class":81},[63,153710,36141],{"class":145},[63,153712,113],{"class":81},[63,153714,117],{"class":116},[63,153716,427],{"class":120},[63,153718,117],{"class":116},[63,153720,5683],{"class":81},[63,153722,28070],{"class":1910},[63,153724,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,153726,140],{"class":139},[63,153728,113],{"class":81},[63,153730,36581],{"class":145},[63,153732,173],{"class":81},[63,153734,86],{"class":85},[63,153736,20740],{"class":81},[63,153738,153739],{"class":1910},"               # banana\n",[14,153741,2514],{},[29,153743,153744,153748],{},[32,153745,153746,15543],{},[18,153747,65371],{},[32,153749,153750,153752],{},[18,153751,86],{}," is the index",[49,153754,3167],{"id":3166},[14,153756,106215,153757,821],{},[18,153758,149291],{},[29,153760,153761,153764,153769,153774,153781],{},[32,153762,153763],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[32,153765,8769,153766,153768],{},[18,153767,59249],{}," to return all matching positions",[32,153770,153771,153772],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153773,687],{},[32,153775,153776,153777,4726,153779],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153778,36367],{},[18,153780,52951],{},[32,153782,37494,153783,153785],{},[18,153784,149291],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[486,153787,60983],{"id":60982},[14,153789,94477],{},[54,153791,153793],{"className":56,"code":153792,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153794,153795,153805,153819,153834,153852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153798,140],{"class":139},[63,153800,113],{"class":81},[63,153802,148104],{"class":145},[63,153804,126],{"class":81},[63,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153808,140],{"class":139},[63,153810,113],{"class":81},[63,153812,11468],{"class":139},[63,153814,113],{"class":81},[63,153816,148104],{"class":145},[63,153818,100],{"class":81},[63,153820,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153832],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153822,140],{"class":139},[63,153824,113],{"class":81},[63,153826,2782],{"class":145},[63,153828,4217],{"class":1155},[63,153830,153831],{"class":145}," my_tuple",[63,153833,126],{"class":81},[63,153835,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,153837,140],{"class":139},[63,153839,113],{"class":81},[63,153841,148104],{"class":145},[63,153843,259],{"class":81},[63,153845,41550],{"class":145},[63,153847,113],{"class":81},[63,153849,2807],{"class":145},[63,153851,100],{"class":81},[63,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,153855,140],{"class":139},[63,153857,113],{"class":81},[63,153859,148104],{"class":145},[63,153861,259],{"class":81},[63,153863,36141],{"class":145},[63,153865,113],{"class":81},[63,153867,2807],{"class":145},[63,153869,100],{"class":81},[14,153871,153872,153873,84494,153875,153877],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153874,40994],{},[18,153876,2807],{}," is missing.",[14,153879,129721],{},[54,153881,153883],{"className":56,"code":153882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153884,153885,153897,153915,153921],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,153886,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,153888,7318],{"class":1155},[63,153890,21879],{"class":69},[63,153892,4217],{"class":73},[63,153894,153831],{"class":69},[63,153896,6713],{"class":81},[63,153898,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,153900,8386],{"class":139},[63,153902,113],{"class":81},[63,153904,148104],{"class":145},[63,153906,259],{"class":81},[63,153908,36141],{"class":145},[63,153910,113],{"class":81},[63,153912,2807],{"class":145},[63,153914,100],{"class":81},[63,153916,153917,153919],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,153918,27724],{"class":1155},[63,153920,6713],{"class":81},[63,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,153924,8386],{"class":139},[63,153926,113],{"class":81},[63,153928,117],{"class":116},[63,153930,153356],{"class":120},[63,153932,117],{"class":116},[63,153934,126],{"class":81},[49,153936,2165],{"id":2164},[486,153938,5469,153940,13023],{"id":153939},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153941,149291],{},[14,153943,153944],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[486,153946,153948],{"id":153947},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153950,153951,152818],{},[18,153952,149291],{},[486,153954,149270],{"id":149269},[14,153956,76955,153957,259],{},[18,153958,40994],{},[486,153960,153962],{"id":153961},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153964,153965,153966,4726,153968,153970],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153967,36367],{},[18,153969,52951],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[486,153972,15199,153974,57486,153976,2827],{"id":153973},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153975,149291],{},[18,153977,64962],{},[14,153979,153980],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[49,153982,2219],{"id":2218},[29,153984,153985,153991,153995,154000,154004],{},[32,153986,153987],{},[196,153988,149317,153989,11046],{"href":149369},[18,153990,57571],{},[32,153992,153993],{},[196,153994,149759],{"href":153185},[32,153996,153997],{},[196,153998,153999],{"href":151065},"Creating a tuple in Python",[32,154001,154002],{},[196,154003,65936],{"href":65935},[32,154005,154006],{},[196,154007,151013],{"href":152823},[2259,154009,154010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":154012},[154013,154014,154016,154019,154020,154021,154022,154025,154026,154029,154038],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":152730,"depth":103,"text":154015},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263,"children":154017},[154018],{"id":17690,"depth":129,"text":17691},{"id":103476,"depth":103,"text":103477},{"id":153160,"depth":103,"text":153161},{"id":65726,"depth":103,"text":65727},{"id":65503,"depth":103,"text":66286,"children":154023},[154024],{"id":153512,"depth":129,"text":153513},{"id":153620,"depth":103,"text":153621},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167,"children":154027},[154028],{"id":60982,"depth":129,"text":60983},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":154030},[154031,154033,154034,154035,154036],{"id":153939,"depth":129,"text":154032},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153947,"depth":129,"text":153948},{"id":149269,"depth":129,"text":149270},{"id":153961,"depth":129,"text":153962},{"id":153973,"depth":129,"text":154037},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152625,"description":154039},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154046,"title":154047,"body":154048,"description":155443,"extension":2300,"meta":155444,"navigation":132,"path":153185,"seo":155445,"stem":155446,"__hash__":155447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154049,"toc":155425},[154050,154053,154056,154059,154073,154075,154078,154172,154182,154188,154192,154195,154198,154200,154218,154220,154291,154293,154310,154314,154318,154321,154338,154341,154356,154358,154449,154452,154456,154459,154476,154478,154573,154576,154579,154583,154586,154680,154682,154701,154704,154708,154711,154713,154768,154770,154805,154808,154822,154830,154923,154932,154936,154939,154946,154949,154996,154998,155006,155009,155060,155062,155079,155084,155088,155091,155094,155096,155147,155150,155205,155208,155211,155213,155216,155236,155238,155311,155314,155327,155329,155333,155338,155342,155347,155364,155368,155371,155388,155392,155395,155397,155422],[10,154051,154047],{"id":154052},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154054,154055],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154057,154058],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[29,154060,154061,154064,154067,154070],{},[32,154062,154063],{},"positive indexes",[32,154065,154066],{},"negative indexes",[32,154068,154069],{},"common indexing mistakes",[32,154071,154072],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[49,154074,3946],{"id":3945},[14,154076,154077],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[54,154079,154081],{"className":56,"code":154080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,154082,154083,154115,154119,154136,154153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154084,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154086,13381],{"class":69},[63,154088,74],{"class":73},[63,154090,1687],{"class":81},[63,154092,117],{"class":116},[63,154094,13398],{"class":120},[63,154096,117],{"class":116},[63,154098,89],{"class":81},[63,154100,824],{"class":116},[63,154102,17752],{"class":120},[63,154104,117],{"class":116},[63,154106,89],{"class":81},[63,154108,824],{"class":116},[63,154110,13415],{"class":120},[63,154112,117],{"class":116},[63,154114,126],{"class":81},[63,154116,154117],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154118,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154120,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154122,140],{"class":139},[63,154124,113],{"class":81},[63,154126,17799],{"class":145},[63,154128,173],{"class":81},[63,154130,687],{"class":85},[63,154132,20740],{"class":81},[63,154134,154135],{"class":1910},"   # red\n",[63,154137,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154139,140],{"class":139},[63,154141,113],{"class":81},[63,154143,17799],{"class":145},[63,154145,173],{"class":81},[63,154147,86],{"class":85},[63,154149,20740],{"class":81},[63,154151,154152],{"class":1910},"   # green\n",[63,154154,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154156,140],{"class":139},[63,154158,113],{"class":81},[63,154160,17799],{"class":145},[63,154162,173],{"class":81},[63,154164,2359],{"class":73},[63,154166,86],{"class":85},[63,154168,20740],{"class":81},[63,154170,154171],{"class":1910},"  # blue\n",[29,154173,154174,154179],{},[32,154175,132510,154176,154178],{},[18,154177,687],{}," is the first item.",[32,154180,154181],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154183,154184,154185,259],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[196,154186,154187],{"href":148089},"how to create a tuple in Python",[49,154189,154191],{"id":154190},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154193,154194],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154196,154197],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154199,11766],{},[29,154201,154202,154205,154212,154215],{},[32,154203,154204],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[32,154206,154207,154208,19259,154210],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,154209,687],{},[18,154211,86],{},[32,154213,154214],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[32,154216,154217],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154219,2543],{},[54,154221,154223],{"className":56,"code":154222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,154224,154225,154245,154249,154263,154277],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154226,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154228,70],{"class":69},[63,154230,74],{"class":73},[63,154232,1687],{"class":81},[63,154234,741],{"class":85},[63,154236,89],{"class":81},[63,154238,746],{"class":85},[63,154240,89],{"class":81},[63,154242,751],{"class":85},[63,154244,126],{"class":81},[63,154246,154247],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154248,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154252,140],{"class":139},[63,154254,113],{"class":81},[63,154256,146],{"class":145},[63,154258,173],{"class":81},[63,154260,687],{"class":85},[63,154262,2080],{"class":81},[63,154264,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154266,140],{"class":139},[63,154268,113],{"class":81},[63,154270,146],{"class":145},[63,154272,173],{"class":81},[63,154274,86],{"class":85},[63,154276,2080],{"class":81},[63,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154280,140],{"class":139},[63,154282,113],{"class":81},[63,154284,146],{"class":145},[63,154286,173],{"class":81},[63,154288,2394],{"class":85},[63,154290,2080],{"class":81},[14,154292,163],{},[54,154294,154296],{"className":56,"code":154295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,154297,154298,154302,154306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154299,154300],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154301,2711],{"class":85},[63,154303,154304],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154305,71321],{"class":85},[63,154307,154308],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154309,69937],{"class":85},[14,154311,59674,154312,259],{},[196,154313,148086],{"href":148085},[49,154315,154317],{"id":154316},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154319,154320],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[29,154322,154323,154328,154333],{},[32,154324,154325,154327],{},[18,154326,687],{}," = first item",[32,154329,154330,154332],{},[18,154331,86],{}," = second item",[32,154334,154335,154337],{},[18,154336,2394],{}," = third item",[14,154339,154340],{},"Pattern:",[54,154342,154344],{"className":56,"code":154343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,154345,154346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154347,154348,154350,154352,154354],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154349,152841],{"class":69},[63,154351,173],{"class":81},[63,154353,36141],{"class":69},[63,154355,186],{"class":81},[14,154357,2543],{},[54,154359,154361],{"className":56,"code":154360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,154362,154363,154395,154399,154416,154432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154364,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154366,36529],{"class":69},[63,154368,74],{"class":73},[63,154370,1687],{"class":81},[63,154372,117],{"class":116},[63,154374,408],{"class":120},[63,154376,117],{"class":116},[63,154378,89],{"class":81},[63,154380,824],{"class":116},[63,154382,427],{"class":120},[63,154384,117],{"class":116},[63,154386,89],{"class":81},[63,154388,824],{"class":116},[63,154390,4428],{"class":120},[63,154392,117],{"class":116},[63,154394,126],{"class":81},[63,154396,154397],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154398,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154400,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154402,140],{"class":139},[63,154404,113],{"class":81},[63,154406,36581],{"class":145},[63,154408,173],{"class":81},[63,154410,687],{"class":85},[63,154412,20740],{"class":81},[63,154414,154415],{"class":1910},"  # apple\n",[63,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154419,140],{"class":139},[63,154421,113],{"class":81},[63,154423,36581],{"class":145},[63,154425,173],{"class":81},[63,154427,86],{"class":85},[63,154429,20740],{"class":81},[63,154431,51778],{"class":1910},[63,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154435,140],{"class":139},[63,154437,113],{"class":81},[63,154439,36581],{"class":145},[63,154441,173],{"class":81},[63,154443,2394],{"class":85},[63,154445,20740],{"class":81},[63,154447,154448],{"class":1910},"  # cherry\n",[14,154450,154451],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[49,154453,154455],{"id":154454},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154457,154458],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[29,154460,154461,154466,154471],{},[32,154462,154463,154465],{},[18,154464,65951],{}," = last item",[32,154467,154468,154470],{},[18,154469,95507],{}," = second-to-last item",[32,154472,154473,154475],{},[18,154474,47962],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154477,2543],{},[54,154479,154481],{"className":56,"code":154480,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,154482,154483,154515,154519,154537,154555],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154484,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154486,36529],{"class":69},[63,154488,74],{"class":73},[63,154490,1687],{"class":81},[63,154492,117],{"class":116},[63,154494,408],{"class":120},[63,154496,117],{"class":116},[63,154498,89],{"class":81},[63,154500,824],{"class":116},[63,154502,427],{"class":120},[63,154504,117],{"class":116},[63,154506,89],{"class":81},[63,154508,824],{"class":116},[63,154510,4428],{"class":120},[63,154512,117],{"class":116},[63,154514,126],{"class":81},[63,154516,154517],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154518,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154520,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154522,140],{"class":139},[63,154524,113],{"class":81},[63,154526,36581],{"class":145},[63,154528,173],{"class":81},[63,154530,2359],{"class":73},[63,154532,86],{"class":85},[63,154534,20740],{"class":81},[63,154536,154448],{"class":1910},[63,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154540,140],{"class":139},[63,154542,113],{"class":81},[63,154544,36581],{"class":145},[63,154546,173],{"class":81},[63,154548,2359],{"class":73},[63,154550,2394],{"class":85},[63,154552,20740],{"class":81},[63,154554,51778],{"class":1910},[63,154556,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154558,140],{"class":139},[63,154560,113],{"class":81},[63,154562,36581],{"class":145},[63,154564,173],{"class":81},[63,154566,2359],{"class":73},[63,154568,1248],{"class":85},[63,154570,20740],{"class":81},[63,154572,154415],{"class":1910},[14,154574,154575],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154577,154578],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[49,154580,154582],{"id":154581},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154584,154585],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[54,154587,154589],{"className":56,"code":154588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154590,154591,154623,154627,154644,154661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154592,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154594,1755],{"class":69},[63,154596,74],{"class":73},[63,154598,1687],{"class":81},[63,154600,117],{"class":116},[63,154602,827],{"class":120},[63,154604,117],{"class":116},[63,154606,89],{"class":81},[63,154608,824],{"class":116},[63,154610,1772],{"class":120},[63,154612,117],{"class":116},[63,154614,89],{"class":81},[63,154616,824],{"class":116},[63,154618,36244],{"class":120},[63,154620,117],{"class":116},[63,154622,126],{"class":81},[63,154624,154625],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154626,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154628,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154630,140],{"class":139},[63,154632,113],{"class":81},[63,154634,1818],{"class":145},[63,154636,173],{"class":81},[63,154638,687],{"class":85},[63,154640,20740],{"class":81},[63,154642,154643],{"class":1910},"   # first item\n",[63,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154647,140],{"class":139},[63,154649,113],{"class":81},[63,154651,1818],{"class":145},[63,154653,173],{"class":81},[63,154655,86],{"class":85},[63,154657,20740],{"class":81},[63,154659,154660],{"class":1910},"   # middle item\n",[63,154662,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154664,140],{"class":139},[63,154666,113],{"class":81},[63,154668,1818],{"class":145},[63,154670,173],{"class":81},[63,154672,2359],{"class":73},[63,154674,86],{"class":85},[63,154676,20740],{"class":81},[63,154678,154679],{"class":1910},"  # last item\n",[14,154681,163],{},[54,154683,154685],{"className":56,"code":154684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154686,154687,154691,154696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154688,154689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154690,50332],{"class":69},[63,154692,154693],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154694,154695],{"class":69},"Ben\n",[63,154697,154698],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154699,154700],{"class":69},"Cara\n",[14,154702,154703],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[49,154705,154707],{"id":154706},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154709,154710],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154712,2543],{},[54,154714,154716],{"className":56,"code":154715,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154717,154718,154750,154754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154719,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154721,106],{"class":69},[63,154723,74],{"class":73},[63,154725,1687],{"class":81},[63,154727,117],{"class":116},[63,154729,196],{"class":120},[63,154731,117],{"class":116},[63,154733,89],{"class":81},[63,154735,824],{"class":116},[63,154737,206],{"class":120},[63,154739,117],{"class":116},[63,154741,89],{"class":81},[63,154743,824],{"class":116},[63,154745,215],{"class":120},[63,154747,117],{"class":116},[63,154749,126],{"class":81},[63,154751,154752],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154753,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154755,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154757,140],{"class":139},[63,154759,113],{"class":81},[63,154761,158],{"class":145},[63,154763,173],{"class":81},[63,154765,661],{"class":85},[63,154767,2080],{"class":81},[14,154769,163],{},[54,154771,154773],{"className":56,"code":154772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154774,154775,154787,154792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154776,154777,154780,154782,154785],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154778,154779],{"class":145},"Traceback ",[63,154781,113],{"class":81},[63,154783,154784],{"class":145},"most recent call last",[63,154786,8657],{"class":81},[63,154788,154789],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154790,154791],{"class":34746},"  ...\n",[63,154793,154794,154796,154798,154800,154803],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154795,70828],{"class":77},[63,154797,821],{"class":81},[63,154799,149452],{"class":77},[63,154801,154802],{"class":69}," index out of ",[63,154804,71020],{"class":139},[14,154806,154807],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[29,154809,154810,154814,154818],{},[32,154811,154812],{},[18,154813,687],{},[32,154815,154816],{},[18,154817,86],{},[32,154819,154820],{},[18,154821,2394],{},[14,154823,154824,154825,259],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[196,154826,154827,154829],{"href":149324},[18,154828,42651],{}," on a tuple",[54,154831,154833],{"className":56,"code":154832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154834,154835,154867,154871,154887,154891,154909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154836,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154838,106],{"class":69},[63,154840,74],{"class":73},[63,154842,1687],{"class":81},[63,154844,117],{"class":116},[63,154846,196],{"class":120},[63,154848,117],{"class":116},[63,154850,89],{"class":81},[63,154852,824],{"class":116},[63,154854,206],{"class":120},[63,154856,117],{"class":116},[63,154858,89],{"class":81},[63,154860,824],{"class":116},[63,154862,215],{"class":120},[63,154864,117],{"class":116},[63,154866,126],{"class":81},[63,154868,154869],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154870,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154874,140],{"class":139},[63,154876,113],{"class":81},[63,154878,11468],{"class":139},[63,154880,113],{"class":81},[63,154882,158],{"class":145},[63,154884,5683],{"class":81},[63,154886,51063],{"class":1910},[63,154888,154889],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,154890,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154892,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,154894,7318],{"class":1155},[63,154896,38676],{"class":139},[63,154898,113],{"class":81},[63,154900,158],{"class":145},[63,154902,3997],{"class":81},[63,154904,38686],{"class":73},[63,154906,92],{"class":85},[63,154908,6713],{"class":81},[63,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,154912,8386],{"class":139},[63,154914,113],{"class":81},[63,154916,158],{"class":145},[63,154918,173],{"class":81},[63,154920,2394],{"class":85},[63,154922,2080],{"class":81},[14,154924,154925,154926,259],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[196,154927,25970,154929],{"href":154928},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154930,154931],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[49,154933,154935],{"id":154934},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154937,154938],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,154940,154941,154943],{},[32,154942,76972],{},[32,154944,154945],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154947,154948],{},"Indexing example:",[54,154950,154952],{"className":56,"code":154951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154953,154954,154978,154982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,154955,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,154957,70],{"class":69},[63,154959,74],{"class":73},[63,154961,1687],{"class":81},[63,154963,741],{"class":85},[63,154965,89],{"class":81},[63,154967,746],{"class":85},[63,154969,89],{"class":81},[63,154971,751],{"class":85},[63,154973,89],{"class":81},[63,154975,51136],{"class":85},[63,154977,126],{"class":81},[63,154979,154980],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,154981,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,154983,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,154985,140],{"class":139},[63,154987,113],{"class":81},[63,154989,146],{"class":145},[63,154991,173],{"class":81},[63,154993,86],{"class":85},[63,154995,2080],{"class":81},[14,154997,163],{},[54,154999,155000],{"className":56,"code":71321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155001,155002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155003,155004],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155005,71321],{"class":85},[14,155007,155008],{},"Slicing example:",[54,155010,155012],{"className":56,"code":155011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,155013,155014,155038,155042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155015,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155017,70],{"class":69},[63,155019,74],{"class":73},[63,155021,1687],{"class":81},[63,155023,741],{"class":85},[63,155025,89],{"class":81},[63,155027,746],{"class":85},[63,155029,89],{"class":81},[63,155031,751],{"class":85},[63,155033,89],{"class":81},[63,155035,51136],{"class":85},[63,155037,126],{"class":81},[63,155039,155040],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155041,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,155043,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,155045,140],{"class":139},[63,155047,113],{"class":81},[63,155049,146],{"class":145},[63,155051,173],{"class":81},[63,155053,86],{"class":85},[63,155055,821],{"class":81},[63,155057,1248],{"class":85},[63,155059,2080],{"class":81},[14,155061,163],{},[54,155063,155065],{"className":56,"code":155064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n",[18,155066,155067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155068,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155070,113],{"class":81},[63,155072,16051],{"class":85},[63,155074,89],{"class":81},[63,155076,751],{"class":85},[63,155078,126],{"class":81},[14,155080,155081,155082,259],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[196,155083,151003],{"href":151002},[49,155085,155087],{"id":155086},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155089,155090],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155092,155093],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155095,7008],{},[54,155097,155099],{"className":56,"code":155098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,155100,155101,155133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155102,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155104,13381],{"class":69},[63,155106,74],{"class":73},[63,155108,1687],{"class":81},[63,155110,117],{"class":116},[63,155112,13398],{"class":120},[63,155114,117],{"class":116},[63,155116,89],{"class":81},[63,155118,824],{"class":116},[63,155120,17752],{"class":120},[63,155122,117],{"class":116},[63,155124,89],{"class":81},[63,155126,824],{"class":116},[63,155128,13415],{"class":120},[63,155130,117],{"class":116},[63,155132,126],{"class":81},[63,155134,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155136,140],{"class":139},[63,155138,113],{"class":81},[63,155140,17799],{"class":145},[63,155142,173],{"class":81},[63,155144,86],{"class":85},[63,155146,2080],{"class":81},[14,155148,155149],{},"But this does not work:",[54,155151,155153],{"className":56,"code":155152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,155154,155155,155187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155156,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155158,13381],{"class":69},[63,155160,74],{"class":73},[63,155162,1687],{"class":81},[63,155164,117],{"class":116},[63,155166,13398],{"class":120},[63,155168,117],{"class":116},[63,155170,89],{"class":81},[63,155172,824],{"class":116},[63,155174,17752],{"class":120},[63,155176,117],{"class":116},[63,155178,89],{"class":81},[63,155180,824],{"class":116},[63,155182,13415],{"class":120},[63,155184,117],{"class":116},[63,155186,126],{"class":81},[63,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155190,17799],{"class":69},[63,155192,173],{"class":81},[63,155194,86],{"class":85},[63,155196,13578],{"class":81},[63,155198,13581],{"class":73},[63,155200,824],{"class":116},[63,155202,22817],{"class":120},[63,155204,3694],{"class":116},[14,155206,155207],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155209,155210],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[49,155212,3167],{"id":3166},[14,155214,155215],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[29,155217,155218,155224,155227,155230],{},[32,155219,132814,155220,11398,155222],{},[18,155221,86],{},[18,155223,687],{},[32,155225,155226],{},"Using an index that is too large",[32,155228,155229],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[32,155231,155232,155233],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,155234,155235],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155237,62567],{},[54,155239,155241],{"className":56,"code":155240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,155242,155243,155253,155267,155281,155297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155244,155245,155247,155249,155251],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155246,140],{"class":139},[63,155248,113],{"class":81},[63,155250,148104],{"class":145},[63,155252,126],{"class":81},[63,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155256,140],{"class":139},[63,155258,113],{"class":81},[63,155260,11468],{"class":139},[63,155262,113],{"class":81},[63,155264,148104],{"class":145},[63,155266,100],{"class":81},[63,155268,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,155270,140],{"class":139},[63,155272,113],{"class":81},[63,155274,148104],{"class":145},[63,155276,173],{"class":81},[63,155278,687],{"class":85},[63,155280,2080],{"class":81},[63,155282,155283,155285,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,155284,140],{"class":139},[63,155286,113],{"class":81},[63,155288,148104],{"class":145},[63,155290,173],{"class":81},[63,155292,2359],{"class":73},[63,155294,86],{"class":85},[63,155296,2080],{"class":81},[63,155298,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,155300,140],{"class":139},[63,155302,113],{"class":81},[63,155304,3557],{"class":77},[63,155306,113],{"class":81},[63,155308,148104],{"class":145},[63,155310,100],{"class":81},[14,155312,155313],{},"These can help you confirm:",[29,155315,155316,155319,155321,155324],{},[32,155317,155318],{},"what the tuple contains",[32,155320,61057],{},[32,155322,155323],{},"what the first and last items are",[32,155325,155326],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[49,155328,2165],{"id":2164},[486,155330,155332],{"id":155331},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155334,155335,155336,259],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,155337,687],{},[486,155339,155341],{"id":155340},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155343,222,155344,155346],{},[18,155345,65951],{}," as the index:",[54,155348,155350],{"className":56,"code":155349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,155351,155352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155353,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155355,148104],{"class":69},[63,155357,173],{"class":81},[63,155359,2359],{"class":73},[63,155361,86],{"class":85},[63,155363,186],{"class":81},[486,155365,155367],{"id":155366},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155369,155370],{},"Python raises:",[54,155372,155374],{"className":56,"code":155373,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,155375,155376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155377,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155379,70828],{"class":77},[63,155381,821],{"class":81},[63,155383,149452],{"class":77},[63,155385,154802],{"class":69},[63,155387,71020],{"class":139},[486,155389,155391],{"id":155390},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155393,155394],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[49,155396,2219],{"id":2218},[29,155398,155399,155404,155408,155412,155418],{},[32,155400,155401],{},[196,155402,155403],{"href":148089},"How to create a tuple in Python",[32,155405,155406],{},[196,155407,151003],{"href":151002},[32,155409,155410],{},[196,155411,151008],{"href":149324},[32,155413,155414],{},[196,155415,26413,155416],{"href":154928},[18,155417,154931],{},[32,155419,155420],{},[196,155421,148086],{"href":148085},[2259,155423,155424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":155426},[155427,155428,155429,155430,155431,155432,155433,155434,155435,155436,155442],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":154190,"depth":103,"text":154191},{"id":154316,"depth":103,"text":154317},{"id":154454,"depth":103,"text":154455},{"id":154581,"depth":103,"text":154582},{"id":154706,"depth":103,"text":154707},{"id":154934,"depth":103,"text":154935},{"id":155086,"depth":103,"text":155087},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":155437},[155438,155439,155440,155441],{"id":155331,"depth":129,"text":155332},{"id":155340,"depth":129,"text":155341},{"id":155366,"depth":129,"text":155367},{"id":155390,"depth":129,"text":155391},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154047,"description":155443},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155449,"title":155450,"body":155451,"description":157340,"extension":2300,"meta":157341,"navigation":132,"path":157342,"seo":157343,"stem":157344,"__hash__":157345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155452,"toc":157297},[155453,155459,155464,155515,155519,155527,155533,155535,155551,155553,155556,155571,155573,155586,155588,155645,155649,155657,155664,155670,155676,155680,155731,155735,155743,155747,155776,155780,155788,155792,155825,155829,155837,155841,155844,155895,155899,155907,155909,155926,155930,155934,155993,155997,156005,156008,156035,156039,156047,156051,156057,156132,156136,156173,156181,156185,156248,156252,156260,156265,156269,156275,156318,156322,156330,156336,156339,156386,156390,156398,156407,156413,156468,156472,156480,156483,156487,156489,156520,156524,156543,156546,156591,156595,156618,156624,156629,156631,156678,156683,156686,156734,156738,156746,156750,156755,156759,156809,156813,156828,156832,156890,156894,156909,156913,156984,156988,156997,157001,157080,157084,157106,157114,157116,157119,157144,157146,157199,157201,157218,157220,157224,157230,157235,157240,157244,157249,157253,157258,157264,157267,157269,157294],[10,155454,155456,155457,3997],{"id":155455},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,155458,11468],{},[14,155460,222,155461,155463],{},[18,155462,42651],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[54,155465,155467],{"className":56,"code":155466,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155468,155469,155501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155470,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155472,13381],{"class":69},[63,155474,74],{"class":73},[63,155476,1687],{"class":81},[63,155478,117],{"class":116},[63,155480,13398],{"class":120},[63,155482,117],{"class":116},[63,155484,89],{"class":81},[63,155486,824],{"class":116},[63,155488,17752],{"class":120},[63,155490,117],{"class":116},[63,155492,89],{"class":81},[63,155494,824],{"class":116},[63,155496,13415],{"class":120},[63,155498,117],{"class":116},[63,155500,126],{"class":81},[63,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155504,140],{"class":139},[63,155506,113],{"class":81},[63,155508,11468],{"class":139},[63,155510,113],{"class":81},[63,155512,17799],{"class":145},[63,155514,100],{"class":81},[14,155516,155517],{},[1217,155518,163],{},[54,155520,155521],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155522,155523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155524,155525],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155526,46908],{"class":85},[14,155528,222,155529,155532],{},[18,155530,155531],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[49,155534,15459],{"id":15458},[29,155536,155537,155542,155546,155549],{},[32,155538,4530,155539,155541],{},[18,155540,42651],{}," works with tuples",[32,155543,68355,155544,12014],{},[18,155545,42651],{},[32,155547,155548],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[32,155550,1888],{},[49,155552,263],{"id":262},[14,155554,155555],{},"Use this pattern:",[54,155557,155559],{"className":56,"code":155558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,155560,155561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155562,155563,155565,155567,155569],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155564,11468],{"class":139},[63,155566,113],{"class":81},[63,155568,148104],{"class":145},[63,155570,126],{"class":81},[14,155572,11766],{},[29,155574,155575,155578,155581],{},[32,155576,155577],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[32,155579,155580],{},"The result is an integer",[32,155582,155583,155585],{},[18,155584,42651],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155587,2543],{},[54,155589,155591],{"className":56,"code":155590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155592,155593,155617,155631,155635],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155596,70],{"class":69},[63,155598,74],{"class":73},[63,155600,1687],{"class":81},[63,155602,741],{"class":85},[63,155604,89],{"class":81},[63,155606,746],{"class":85},[63,155608,89],{"class":81},[63,155610,751],{"class":85},[63,155612,89],{"class":81},[63,155614,51136],{"class":85},[63,155616,126],{"class":81},[63,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155620,41532],{"class":69},[63,155622,74],{"class":73},[63,155624,38676],{"class":139},[63,155626,113],{"class":81},[63,155628,146],{"class":145},[63,155630,126],{"class":81},[63,155632,155633],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,155634,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,155636,155637,155639,155641,155643],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,155638,140],{"class":139},[63,155640,113],{"class":81},[63,155642,41550],{"class":145},[63,155644,126],{"class":81},[14,155646,155647],{},[1217,155648,163],{},[54,155650,155651],{"className":56,"code":48942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155652,155653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155654,155655],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155656,48942],{"class":85},[14,155658,155659,155660,259],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[196,155661,3912,155662,3845],{"href":42648},[18,155663,42651],{},[49,155665,4014,155667,155669],{"id":155666},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155668,42651],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155671,155672,155673,155675],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155674,42651],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[486,155677,155679],{"id":155678},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[54,155681,155683],{"className":56,"code":155682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155684,155685,155717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155686,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155688,36529],{"class":69},[63,155690,74],{"class":73},[63,155692,1687],{"class":81},[63,155694,117],{"class":116},[63,155696,408],{"class":120},[63,155698,117],{"class":116},[63,155700,89],{"class":81},[63,155702,824],{"class":116},[63,155704,427],{"class":120},[63,155706,117],{"class":116},[63,155708,89],{"class":81},[63,155710,824],{"class":116},[63,155712,33513],{"class":120},[63,155714,117],{"class":116},[63,155716,126],{"class":81},[63,155718,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155720,140],{"class":139},[63,155722,113],{"class":81},[63,155724,11468],{"class":139},[63,155726,113],{"class":81},[63,155728,36581],{"class":145},[63,155730,100],{"class":81},[14,155732,155733],{},[1217,155734,163],{},[54,155736,155737],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155738,155739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155740,155741],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155742,46908],{"class":85},[486,155744,155746],{"id":155745},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[54,155748,155750],{"className":56,"code":155749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155751,155752,155761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155753,155754,155757,155759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155755,155756],{"class":69},"empty_tuple ",[63,155758,74],{"class":73},[63,155760,149428],{"class":81},[63,155762,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155774],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155764,140],{"class":139},[63,155766,113],{"class":81},[63,155768,11468],{"class":139},[63,155770,113],{"class":81},[63,155772,155773],{"class":145},"empty_tuple",[63,155775,100],{"class":81},[14,155777,155778],{},[1217,155779,163],{},[54,155781,155782],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155783,155784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155785,155786],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155787,47543],{"class":85},[486,155789,155791],{"id":155790},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[54,155793,155795],{"className":56,"code":155794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155796,155797,155810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155798,155799,155802,155804,155806,155808],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155800,155801],{"class":69},"single_value ",[63,155803,74],{"class":73},[63,155805,1687],{"class":81},[63,155807,661],{"class":85},[63,155809,149442],{"class":81},[63,155811,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155823],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155813,140],{"class":139},[63,155815,113],{"class":81},[63,155817,11468],{"class":139},[63,155819,113],{"class":81},[63,155821,155822],{"class":145},"single_value",[63,155824,100],{"class":81},[14,155826,155827],{},[1217,155828,163],{},[54,155830,155831],{"className":56,"code":47208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155832,155833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155834,155835],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155836,47208],{"class":85},[486,155838,155840],{"id":155839},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155842,155843],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[54,155845,155847],{"className":56,"code":155846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155848,155849,155881],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155852,2097],{"class":69},[63,155854,74],{"class":73},[63,155856,1687],{"class":81},[63,155858,86],{"class":85},[63,155860,89],{"class":81},[63,155862,1687],{"class":81},[63,155864,2394],{"class":85},[63,155866,89],{"class":81},[63,155868,97],{"class":85},[63,155870,1684],{"class":81},[63,155872,1091],{"class":81},[63,155874,2840],{"class":85},[63,155876,89],{"class":81},[63,155878,4935],{"class":85},[63,155880,2080],{"class":81},[63,155882,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155884,140],{"class":139},[63,155886,113],{"class":81},[63,155888,11468],{"class":139},[63,155890,113],{"class":81},[63,155892,2138],{"class":145},[63,155894,100],{"class":81},[14,155896,155897],{},[1217,155898,163],{},[54,155900,155901],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,155902,155903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155904,155905],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155906,46908],{"class":85},[14,155908,20251],{},[29,155910,155911,155916,155921],{},[32,155912,155913,155915],{},[18,155914,86],{}," is one item",[32,155917,155918,155915],{},[18,155919,155920],{},"(2, 3)",[32,155922,155923,155915],{},[18,155924,155925],{},"[4, 5]",[49,155927,155929],{"id":155928},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[486,155931,155933],{"id":155932},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[54,155935,155937],{"className":56,"code":155936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155938,155939,155979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,155940,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,155942,13381],{"class":69},[63,155944,74],{"class":73},[63,155946,1687],{"class":81},[63,155948,117],{"class":116},[63,155950,13398],{"class":120},[63,155952,117],{"class":116},[63,155954,89],{"class":81},[63,155956,824],{"class":116},[63,155958,17752],{"class":120},[63,155960,117],{"class":116},[63,155962,89],{"class":81},[63,155964,824],{"class":116},[63,155966,13415],{"class":120},[63,155968,117],{"class":116},[63,155970,89],{"class":81},[63,155972,824],{"class":116},[63,155974,22817],{"class":120},[63,155976,117],{"class":116},[63,155978,126],{"class":81},[63,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,155982,140],{"class":139},[63,155984,113],{"class":81},[63,155986,11468],{"class":139},[63,155988,113],{"class":81},[63,155990,17799],{"class":145},[63,155992,100],{"class":81},[14,155994,155995],{},[1217,155996,163],{},[54,155998,155999],{"className":56,"code":48942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156000,156001],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156002,156003],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156004,48942],{"class":85},[486,156006,155746],{"id":156007},"empty-tuple-1",[54,156009,156011],{"className":56,"code":156010,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,156012,156013,156021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156014,156015,156017,156019],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156016,342],{"class":69},[63,156018,74],{"class":73},[63,156020,149428],{"class":81},[63,156022,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156024,140],{"class":139},[63,156026,113],{"class":81},[63,156028,11468],{"class":139},[63,156030,113],{"class":81},[63,156032,357],{"class":145},[63,156034,100],{"class":81},[14,156036,156037],{},[1217,156038,163],{},[54,156040,156041],{"className":56,"code":47543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156042,156043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156044,156045],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156046,47543],{"class":85},[486,156048,156050],{"id":156049},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156052,156053,156054,156056],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1217,156055,4961],{}," always a tuple.",[54,156058,156060],{"className":56,"code":156059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,156061,156062,156074,156086,156090,156104,156118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156065,2890],{"class":69},[63,156067,74],{"class":73},[63,156069,1687],{"class":81},[63,156071,661],{"class":85},[63,156073,126],{"class":81},[63,156075,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156077,2918],{"class":69},[63,156079,74],{"class":73},[63,156081,1687],{"class":81},[63,156083,661],{"class":85},[63,156085,149442],{"class":81},[63,156087,156088],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156089,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,156091,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,156093,140],{"class":139},[63,156095,113],{"class":81},[63,156097,3557],{"class":77},[63,156099,113],{"class":81},[63,156101,196],{"class":145},[63,156103,100],{"class":81},[63,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,156107,140],{"class":139},[63,156109,113],{"class":81},[63,156111,3557],{"class":77},[63,156113,113],{"class":81},[63,156115,206],{"class":145},[63,156117,100],{"class":81},[63,156119,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,156121,140],{"class":139},[63,156123,113],{"class":81},[63,156125,11468],{"class":139},[63,156127,113],{"class":81},[63,156129,206],{"class":145},[63,156131,100],{"class":81},[14,156133,156134],{},[1217,156135,163],{},[54,156137,156139],{"className":56,"code":156138,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156140,156141,156155,156169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156144,3626],{"class":73},[63,156146,3629],{"class":2402},[63,156148,203],{"class":116},[63,156150,1039],{"class":120},[63,156152,193],{"class":116},[63,156154,3638],{"class":73},[63,156156,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156158,3626],{"class":73},[63,156160,3629],{"class":2402},[63,156162,203],{"class":116},[63,156164,49245],{"class":120},[63,156166,193],{"class":116},[63,156168,3638],{"class":73},[63,156170,156171],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156172,47208],{"class":85},[14,156174,156175,156176,4726,156179,259],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[196,156177,156178],{"href":148089},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[196,156180,149390],{"href":149389},[486,156182,156184],{"id":156183},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[54,156186,156188],{"className":56,"code":156187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,156189,156190,156234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156193,59754],{"class":69},[63,156195,74],{"class":73},[63,156197,1687],{"class":81},[63,156199,117],{"class":116},[63,156201,408],{"class":120},[63,156203,117],{"class":116},[63,156205,89],{"class":81},[63,156207,1091],{"class":81},[63,156209,86],{"class":85},[63,156211,89],{"class":81},[63,156213,92],{"class":85},[63,156215,1243],{"class":81},[63,156217,1687],{"class":81},[63,156219,117],{"class":116},[63,156221,2509],{"class":120},[63,156223,117],{"class":116},[63,156225,89],{"class":81},[63,156227,824],{"class":116},[63,156229,12054],{"class":120},[63,156231,117],{"class":116},[63,156233,100],{"class":81},[63,156235,156236,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156237,140],{"class":139},[63,156239,113],{"class":81},[63,156241,11468],{"class":139},[63,156243,113],{"class":81},[63,156245,59807],{"class":145},[63,156247,100],{"class":81},[14,156249,156250],{},[1217,156251,163],{},[54,156253,156254],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156255,156256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156257,156258],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156259,46908],{"class":85},[14,156261,156262,156264],{},[18,156263,42651],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[49,156266,156268],{"id":156267},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[486,156270,156272,156274],{"id":156271},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,156273,42651],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[54,156276,156278],{"className":56,"code":156277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,156279,156280,156304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156283,4403],{"class":69},[63,156285,74],{"class":73},[63,156287,1687],{"class":81},[63,156289,117],{"class":116},[63,156291,965],{"class":120},[63,156293,117],{"class":116},[63,156295,89],{"class":81},[63,156297,824],{"class":116},[63,156299,58],{"class":120},[63,156301,117],{"class":116},[63,156303,126],{"class":81},[63,156305,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156307,140],{"class":139},[63,156309,113],{"class":81},[63,156311,11468],{"class":139},[63,156313,113],{"class":81},[63,156315,4445],{"class":145},[63,156317,100],{"class":81},[14,156319,156320],{},[1217,156321,163],{},[54,156323,156324],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156325,156326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156327,156328],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156329,17353],{"class":85},[14,156331,156332,156333,156335],{},"This result is ",[18,156334,2394],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156337,156338],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[54,156340,156342],{"className":56,"code":156341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,156343,156344,156368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156347,4403],{"class":69},[63,156349,74],{"class":73},[63,156351,1687],{"class":81},[63,156353,117],{"class":116},[63,156355,965],{"class":120},[63,156357,117],{"class":116},[63,156359,89],{"class":81},[63,156361,824],{"class":116},[63,156363,58],{"class":120},[63,156365,117],{"class":116},[63,156367,126],{"class":81},[63,156369,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156371,140],{"class":139},[63,156373,113],{"class":81},[63,156375,11468],{"class":139},[63,156377,113],{"class":81},[63,156379,4445],{"class":145},[63,156381,173],{"class":81},[63,156383,687],{"class":85},[63,156385,3334],{"class":81},[14,156387,156388],{},[1217,156389,163],{},[54,156391,156392],{"className":56,"code":17353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156393,156394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156395,156396],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156397,17353],{"class":85},[14,156399,21065,156400,156403,156404,259],{},[18,156401,156402],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,156405,156406],{},"\"hi\"",[486,156408,156410,156412],{"id":156409},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,156411,42651],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[54,156414,156416],{"className":56,"code":156415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,156417,156418,156454],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156419,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156421,731],{"class":69},[63,156423,74],{"class":73},[63,156425,10302],{"class":81},[63,156427,86],{"class":85},[63,156429,89],{"class":81},[63,156431,92],{"class":85},[63,156433,1684],{"class":81},[63,156435,1687],{"class":81},[63,156437,1248],{"class":85},[63,156439,89],{"class":81},[63,156441,705],{"class":85},[63,156443,1684],{"class":81},[63,156445,1687],{"class":81},[63,156447,661],{"class":85},[63,156449,89],{"class":81},[63,156451,37934],{"class":85},[63,156453,100],{"class":81},[63,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156457,140],{"class":139},[63,156459,113],{"class":81},[63,156461,11468],{"class":139},[63,156463,113],{"class":81},[63,156465,763],{"class":145},[63,156467,100],{"class":81},[14,156469,156470],{},[1217,156471,163],{},[54,156473,156474],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156475,156476],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156477,156478],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156479,46908],{"class":85},[14,156481,156482],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[486,156484,156486],{"id":156485},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156488,25981],{},[54,156490,156492],{"className":56,"code":156491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,156493,156494,156506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156495,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156497,2782],{"class":69},[63,156499,74],{"class":73},[63,156501,1687],{"class":81},[63,156503,741],{"class":85},[63,156505,126],{"class":81},[63,156507,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156509,140],{"class":139},[63,156511,113],{"class":81},[63,156513,3557],{"class":77},[63,156515,113],{"class":81},[63,156517,2807],{"class":145},[63,156519,100],{"class":81},[14,156521,156522],{},[1217,156523,163],{},[54,156525,156527],{"className":56,"code":156526,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,156528,156529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156530,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156532,3626],{"class":73},[63,156534,3629],{"class":2402},[63,156536,203],{"class":116},[63,156538,1039],{"class":120},[63,156540,193],{"class":116},[63,156542,3638],{"class":73},[14,156544,156545],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[54,156547,156549],{"className":56,"code":156548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,156550,156551,156563,156577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156554,2782],{"class":69},[63,156556,74],{"class":73},[63,156558,1687],{"class":81},[63,156560,741],{"class":85},[63,156562,149442],{"class":81},[63,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156566,140],{"class":139},[63,156568,113],{"class":81},[63,156570,3557],{"class":77},[63,156572,113],{"class":81},[63,156574,2807],{"class":145},[63,156576,100],{"class":81},[63,156578,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156580,140],{"class":139},[63,156582,113],{"class":81},[63,156584,11468],{"class":139},[63,156586,113],{"class":81},[63,156588,2807],{"class":145},[63,156590,100],{"class":81},[14,156592,156593],{},[1217,156594,163],{},[54,156596,156598],{"className":56,"code":156597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156599,156600,156614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156601,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156603,3626],{"class":73},[63,156605,3629],{"class":2402},[63,156607,203],{"class":116},[63,156609,49245],{"class":120},[63,156611,193],{"class":116},[63,156613,3638],{"class":73},[63,156615,156616],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156617,47208],{"class":85},[486,156619,156621,156623],{"id":156620},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156622,11468],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156625,44720,156626,156628],{},[18,156627,11468],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156630,44751],{},[54,156632,156634],{"className":56,"code":156633,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156635,156636,156644,156664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156637,156638,156640,156642],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156639,11468],{"class":139},[63,156641,13581],{"class":73},[63,156643,2923],{"class":85},[63,156645,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156647,70],{"class":69},[63,156649,74],{"class":73},[63,156651,1687],{"class":81},[63,156653,86],{"class":85},[63,156655,89],{"class":81},[63,156657,92],{"class":85},[63,156659,89],{"class":81},[63,156661,97],{"class":85},[63,156663,126],{"class":81},[63,156665,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156667,140],{"class":139},[63,156669,113],{"class":81},[63,156671,11468],{"class":139},[63,156673,113],{"class":81},[63,156675,146],{"class":145},[63,156677,100],{"class":81},[14,156679,39943,156680,156682],{},[18,156681,11468],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156684,156685],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[54,156687,156689],{"className":56,"code":156688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156690,156691,156700,156720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156692,156693,156696,156698],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156694,156695],{"class":69},"length_value ",[63,156697,74],{"class":73},[63,156699,2923],{"class":85},[63,156701,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156703,70],{"class":69},[63,156705,74],{"class":73},[63,156707,1687],{"class":81},[63,156709,86],{"class":85},[63,156711,89],{"class":81},[63,156713,92],{"class":85},[63,156715,89],{"class":81},[63,156717,97],{"class":85},[63,156719,126],{"class":81},[63,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156723,140],{"class":139},[63,156725,113],{"class":81},[63,156727,11468],{"class":139},[63,156729,113],{"class":81},[63,156731,146],{"class":145},[63,156733,100],{"class":81},[14,156735,156736],{},[1217,156737,163],{},[54,156739,156740],{"className":56,"code":46908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,156741,156742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156743,156744],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156745,46908],{"class":85},[49,156747,156749],{"id":156748},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156751,156752,156754],{},[18,156753,42651],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[486,156756,156758],{"id":156757},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[54,156760,156762],{"className":56,"code":156761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156763,156764,156772,156776,156794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156765,156766,156768,156770],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156767,342],{"class":69},[63,156769,74],{"class":73},[63,156771,149428],{"class":81},[63,156773,156774],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156775,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,156777,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156779,7318],{"class":1155},[63,156781,38676],{"class":139},[63,156783,113],{"class":81},[63,156785,357],{"class":145},[63,156787,3997],{"class":81},[63,156789,6728],{"class":73},[63,156791,4169],{"class":85},[63,156793,6713],{"class":81},[63,156795,156796,156798,156800,156802,156805,156807],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,156797,8386],{"class":139},[63,156799,113],{"class":81},[63,156801,117],{"class":116},[63,156803,156804],{"class":120},"The tuple is empty",[63,156806,117],{"class":116},[63,156808,126],{"class":81},[14,156810,156811],{},[1217,156812,163],{},[54,156814,156816],{"className":56,"code":156815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156817,156818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156819,156820,156822,156824,156826],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156821,2317],{"class":69},[63,156823,49245],{"class":77},[63,156825,1047],{"class":73},[63,156827,8417],{"class":69},[486,156829,156831],{"id":156830},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[54,156833,156835],{"className":56,"code":156834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156836,156837,156853,156857,156875],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156838,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156840,51677],{"class":69},[63,156842,74],{"class":73},[63,156844,1687],{"class":81},[63,156846,2840],{"class":85},[63,156848,89],{"class":81},[63,156850,6313],{"class":85},[63,156852,126],{"class":81},[63,156854,156855],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156856,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,156858,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156860,7318],{"class":1155},[63,156862,38676],{"class":139},[63,156864,113],{"class":81},[63,156866,51702],{"class":145},[63,156868,3997],{"class":81},[63,156870,6728],{"class":73},[63,156872,92],{"class":85},[63,156874,6713],{"class":81},[63,156876,156877,156879,156881,156883,156886,156888],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,156878,8386],{"class":139},[63,156880,113],{"class":81},[63,156882,117],{"class":116},[63,156884,156885],{"class":120},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[63,156887,117],{"class":116},[63,156889,126],{"class":81},[14,156891,156892],{},[1217,156893,163],{},[54,156895,156897],{"className":56,"code":156896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156898,156899],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156900,156901,156904,156906],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156902,156903],{"class":69},"This looks like an x",[63,156905,89],{"class":81},[63,156907,156908],{"class":69}," y coordinate\n",[486,156910,156912],{"id":156911},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[54,156914,156916],{"className":56,"code":156915,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156917,156918,156947,156951,156969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156919,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156943,156945],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156921,11796],{"class":69},[63,156923,74],{"class":73},[63,156925,1687],{"class":81},[63,156927,117],{"class":116},[63,156929,827],{"class":120},[63,156931,117],{"class":116},[63,156933,89],{"class":81},[63,156935,843],{"class":85},[63,156937,89],{"class":81},[63,156939,824],{"class":116},[63,156941,156942],{"class":120},"Canada",[63,156944,117],{"class":116},[63,156946,126],{"class":81},[63,156948,156949],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,156950,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,156952,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,156954,7318],{"class":1155},[63,156956,38676],{"class":139},[63,156958,113],{"class":81},[63,156960,11890],{"class":145},[63,156962,3997],{"class":81},[63,156964,6728],{"class":73},[63,156966,97],{"class":85},[63,156968,6713],{"class":81},[63,156970,156971,156973,156975,156977,156980,156982],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,156972,8386],{"class":139},[63,156974,113],{"class":81},[63,156976,117],{"class":116},[63,156978,156979],{"class":120},"User record has the expected number of values",[63,156981,117],{"class":116},[63,156983,126],{"class":81},[14,156985,156986],{},[1217,156987,163],{},[54,156989,156991],{"className":56,"code":156990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156992,156993],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,156994,156995],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,156996,156990],{"class":69},[486,156998,157000],{"id":156999},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[54,157002,157004],{"className":56,"code":157003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,157005,157006,157038,157042,157062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157007,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157009,106],{"class":69},[63,157011,74],{"class":73},[63,157013,1687],{"class":81},[63,157015,117],{"class":116},[63,157017,196],{"class":120},[63,157019,117],{"class":116},[63,157021,89],{"class":81},[63,157023,824],{"class":116},[63,157025,206],{"class":120},[63,157027,117],{"class":116},[63,157029,89],{"class":81},[63,157031,824],{"class":116},[63,157033,215],{"class":120},[63,157035,117],{"class":116},[63,157037,126],{"class":81},[63,157039,157040],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157041,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157043,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157045,6277],{"class":1155},[63,157047,69645],{"class":69},[63,157049,4217],{"class":1155},[63,157051,54357],{"class":139},[63,157053,113],{"class":81},[63,157055,11468],{"class":139},[63,157057,113],{"class":81},[63,157059,158],{"class":145},[63,157061,69660],{"class":81},[63,157063,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,157065,8386],{"class":139},[63,157067,113],{"class":81},[63,157069,994],{"class":145},[63,157071,89],{"class":81},[63,157073,70193],{"class":145},[63,157075,173],{"class":81},[63,157077,994],{"class":145},[63,157079,2080],{"class":81},[14,157081,157082],{},[1217,157083,163],{},[54,157085,157086],{"className":56,"code":36458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,157087,157088,157094,157100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157089,157090,157092],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157091,687],{"class":85},[63,157093,36467],{"class":69},[63,157095,157096,157098],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157097,86],{"class":85},[63,157099,36474],{"class":69},[63,157101,157102,157104],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157103,2394],{"class":85},[63,157105,36481],{"class":69},[14,157107,157108,157109,157111,157112,259],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[196,157110,149759],{"href":149758},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[196,157113,151003],{"href":151002},[49,157115,3167],{"id":3166},[14,157117,157118],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[29,157120,157121,157129,157136,157141],{},[32,157122,157123,157124,11398,157127],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,157125,157126],{},"(5)",[18,157128,149593],{},[32,157130,8733,157131,157133,157134],{},[18,157132,11468],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,157135,42651],{},[32,157137,8769,157138,157140],{},[18,157139,42651],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[32,157142,157143],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157145,32374],{},[54,157147,157149],{"className":56,"code":157148,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,157150,157151,157161,157175,157189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157154,140],{"class":139},[63,157156,113],{"class":81},[63,157158,148104],{"class":145},[63,157160,126],{"class":81},[63,157162,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157164,140],{"class":139},[63,157166,113],{"class":81},[63,157168,3557],{"class":77},[63,157170,113],{"class":81},[63,157172,148104],{"class":145},[63,157174,100],{"class":81},[63,157176,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157178,140],{"class":139},[63,157180,113],{"class":81},[63,157182,11468],{"class":139},[63,157184,113],{"class":81},[63,157186,148104],{"class":145},[63,157188,100],{"class":81},[63,157190,157191,157193,157195,157197],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,157192,32444],{"class":139},[63,157194,113],{"class":81},[63,157196,11468],{"class":139},[63,157198,126],{"class":81},[14,157200,155313],{},[29,157202,157203,157206,157209,157213],{},[32,157204,157205],{},"what value you are using",[32,157207,157208],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[32,157210,26310,157211,12014],{},[18,157212,42651],{},[32,157214,123477,157215,157217],{},[18,157216,42651],{}," is documented in Python",[49,157219,2165],{"id":2164},[486,157221,157223],{"id":157222},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157225,222,157226,157229],{},[18,157227,157228],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[486,157231,13011,157233,149263],{"id":157232},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,157234,42651],{},[14,157236,46656,157237,157239],{},[18,157238,42651],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[486,157241,157243],{"id":157242},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157245,157246,157247,259],{},"The length is ",[18,157248,687],{},[486,157250,157252],{"id":157251},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157254,150949,157255,157257],{},[18,157256,150952],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[486,157259,13011,157261,157263],{"id":157260},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,157262,42651],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157265,157266],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[49,157268,2219],{"id":2218},[29,157270,157271,157277,157281,157285,157289],{},[32,157272,157273],{},[196,157274,3912,157275,3845],{"href":42648},[18,157276,42651],{},[32,157278,157279],{},[196,157280,156178],{"href":148089},[32,157282,157283],{},[196,157284,149759],{"href":149758},[32,157286,157287],{},[196,157288,151003],{"href":151002},[32,157290,157291],{},[196,157292,157293],{"href":149389},"What is a tuple in Python",[2259,157295,157296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":157298},[157299,157300,157301,157308,157314,157323,157329,157330,157339],{"id":15458,"depth":103,"text":15459},{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":155666,"depth":103,"text":157302,"children":157303},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157304,157305,157306,157307],{"id":155678,"depth":129,"text":155679},{"id":155745,"depth":129,"text":155746},{"id":155790,"depth":129,"text":155791},{"id":155839,"depth":129,"text":155840},{"id":155928,"depth":103,"text":155929,"children":157309},[157310,157311,157312,157313],{"id":155932,"depth":129,"text":155933},{"id":156007,"depth":129,"text":155746},{"id":156049,"depth":129,"text":156050},{"id":156183,"depth":129,"text":156184},{"id":156267,"depth":103,"text":156268,"children":157315},[157316,157318,157320,157321],{"id":156271,"depth":129,"text":157317},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156409,"depth":129,"text":157319},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156485,"depth":129,"text":156486},{"id":156620,"depth":129,"text":157322},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156748,"depth":103,"text":156749,"children":157324},[157325,157326,157327,157328],{"id":156757,"depth":129,"text":156758},{"id":156830,"depth":129,"text":156831},{"id":156911,"depth":129,"text":156912},{"id":156999,"depth":129,"text":157000},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":157331},[157332,157333,157335,157336,157337],{"id":157222,"depth":129,"text":157223},{"id":157232,"depth":129,"text":157334},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157242,"depth":129,"text":157243},{"id":157251,"depth":129,"text":157252},{"id":157260,"depth":129,"text":157338},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155450,"description":157340},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157347,"title":157348,"body":157349,"description":159734,"extension":2300,"meta":159735,"navigation":132,"path":159736,"seo":159737,"stem":159738,"__hash__":159739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157350,"toc":159695},[157351,157354,157357,157360,157383,157389,157391,157502,157506,157509,157519,157521,157620,157622,157699,157705,157709,157712,157735,157738,157755,157758,157760,157823,157825,157842,157853,157858,157860,157863,157869,157920,157922,157942,157946,157997,157999,158020,158024,158079,158081,158102,158106,158161,158163,158184,158188,158241,158243,158272,158274,158276,158279,158283,158340,158342,158363,158367,158420,158422,158447,158452,158456,158461,158479,158482,158545,158547,158568,158571,158632,158634,158655,158658,158701,158704,158708,158713,158717,158796,158798,158829,158833,158908,158910,158937,158941,158988,158990,158998,159003,159007,159010,159025,159027,159115,159117,159142,159145,159188,159197,159199,159202,159217,159220,159224,159278,159280,159300,159305,159309,159311,159349,159352,159402,159406,159479,159481,159518,159521,159523,159526,159546,159549,159618,159620,159633,159635,159639,159642,159646,159649,159654,159657,159663,159668,159670,159692],[10,157352,157348],{"id":157353},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157355,157356],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157358,157359],{},"Use this format:",[54,157361,157363],{"className":56,"code":157362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157364,157365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157366,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157368,49245],{"class":69},[63,157370,173],{"class":81},[63,157372,36367],{"class":69},[63,157374,821],{"class":81},[63,157376,75523],{"class":69},[63,157378,821],{"class":81},[63,157380,75526],{"class":69},[63,157382,186],{"class":81},[14,157384,2317,157385,75559,157387,259],{},[18,157386,75523],{},[1217,157388,65166],{},[49,157390,52],{"id":51},[54,157392,157394],{"className":56,"code":157393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157395,157396,157424,157428,157449,157466,157483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157397,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157399,70],{"class":69},[63,157401,74],{"class":73},[63,157403,1687],{"class":81},[63,157405,741],{"class":85},[63,157407,89],{"class":81},[63,157409,746],{"class":85},[63,157411,89],{"class":81},[63,157413,751],{"class":85},[63,157415,89],{"class":81},[63,157417,51136],{"class":85},[63,157419,89],{"class":81},[63,157421,5409],{"class":85},[63,157423,126],{"class":81},[63,157425,157426],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157427,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157431,140],{"class":139},[63,157433,113],{"class":81},[63,157435,146],{"class":145},[63,157437,173],{"class":81},[63,157439,86],{"class":85},[63,157441,821],{"class":81},[63,157443,2840],{"class":85},[63,157445,20740],{"class":81},[63,157447,157448],{"class":1910},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[63,157450,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,157452,140],{"class":139},[63,157454,113],{"class":81},[63,157456,146],{"class":145},[63,157458,75632],{"class":81},[63,157460,1248],{"class":85},[63,157462,20740],{"class":81},[63,157464,157465],{"class":1910},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[63,157467,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,157469,140],{"class":139},[63,157471,113],{"class":81},[63,157473,146],{"class":145},[63,157475,74219],{"class":81},[63,157477,2394],{"class":85},[63,157479,20740],{"class":81},[63,157481,157482],{"class":1910},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[63,157484,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,157486,140],{"class":139},[63,157488,113],{"class":81},[63,157490,146],{"class":145},[63,157492,74219],{"class":81},[63,157494,2359],{"class":73},[63,157496,86],{"class":85},[63,157498,20740],{"class":81},[63,157500,157501],{"class":1910},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[49,157503,157505],{"id":157504},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157507,157508],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[29,157510,157511,157513,157516],{},[32,157512,75826],{},[32,157514,157515],{},"The result is a new tuple",[32,157517,157518],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157520,2543],{},[54,157522,157524],{"className":56,"code":157523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,157525,157526,157574,157578,157596,157600,157610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157527,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157529,106],{"class":69},[63,157531,74],{"class":73},[63,157533,1687],{"class":81},[63,157535,117],{"class":116},[63,157537,196],{"class":120},[63,157539,117],{"class":116},[63,157541,89],{"class":81},[63,157543,824],{"class":116},[63,157545,206],{"class":120},[63,157547,117],{"class":116},[63,157549,89],{"class":81},[63,157551,824],{"class":116},[63,157553,215],{"class":120},[63,157555,117],{"class":116},[63,157557,89],{"class":81},[63,157559,824],{"class":116},[63,157561,19063],{"class":120},[63,157563,117],{"class":116},[63,157565,89],{"class":81},[63,157567,824],{"class":116},[63,157569,2023],{"class":120},[63,157571,117],{"class":116},[63,157573,126],{"class":81},[63,157575,157576],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157577,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157579,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157581,75756],{"class":69},[63,157583,74],{"class":73},[63,157585,70193],{"class":69},[63,157587,173],{"class":81},[63,157589,86],{"class":85},[63,157591,821],{"class":81},[63,157593,2840],{"class":85},[63,157595,186],{"class":81},[63,157597,157598],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,157599,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157601,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,157603,140],{"class":139},[63,157605,113],{"class":81},[63,157607,75779],{"class":145},[63,157609,126],{"class":81},[63,157611,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,157613,140],{"class":139},[63,157615,113],{"class":81},[63,157617,158],{"class":145},[63,157619,126],{"class":81},[14,157621,163],{},[54,157623,157625],{"className":56,"code":157624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157626,157627,157655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157628,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157630,113],{"class":81},[63,157632,193],{"class":116},[63,157634,206],{"class":120},[63,157636,193],{"class":116},[63,157638,89],{"class":81},[63,157640,203],{"class":116},[63,157642,215],{"class":120},[63,157644,193],{"class":116},[63,157646,89],{"class":81},[63,157648,203],{"class":116},[63,157650,19063],{"class":120},[63,157652,193],{"class":116},[63,157654,126],{"class":81},[63,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157658,113],{"class":81},[63,157660,193],{"class":116},[63,157662,196],{"class":120},[63,157664,193],{"class":116},[63,157666,89],{"class":81},[63,157668,203],{"class":116},[63,157670,206],{"class":120},[63,157672,193],{"class":116},[63,157674,89],{"class":81},[63,157676,203],{"class":116},[63,157678,215],{"class":120},[63,157680,193],{"class":116},[63,157682,89],{"class":81},[63,157684,203],{"class":116},[63,157686,19063],{"class":120},[63,157688,193],{"class":116},[63,157690,89],{"class":81},[63,157692,203],{"class":116},[63,157694,2023],{"class":120},[63,157696,193],{"class":116},[63,157698,126],{"class":81},[14,157700,157701,157702,259],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[196,157703,148086],{"href":157704},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[49,157706,157708],{"id":157707},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157710,157711],{},"The full syntax is:",[54,157713,157715],{"className":56,"code":157714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157716,157717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157718,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157720,148104],{"class":69},[63,157722,173],{"class":81},[63,157724,36367],{"class":69},[63,157726,821],{"class":81},[63,157728,75523],{"class":69},[63,157730,821],{"class":81},[63,157732,75526],{"class":69},[63,157734,186],{"class":81},[14,157736,157737],{},"Each part has a job:",[29,157739,157740,157745,157750],{},[32,157741,157742,157744],{},[18,157743,36367],{},": where slicing begins",[32,157746,157747,157749],{},[18,157748,75523],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[32,157751,157752,157754],{},[18,157753,75526],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157756,157757],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157759,2543],{},[54,157761,157763],{"className":56,"code":157762,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157764,157765,157797,157801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157766,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157768,70],{"class":69},[63,157770,74],{"class":73},[63,157772,1687],{"class":81},[63,157774,741],{"class":85},[63,157776,89],{"class":81},[63,157778,746],{"class":85},[63,157780,89],{"class":81},[63,157782,751],{"class":85},[63,157784,89],{"class":81},[63,157786,51136],{"class":85},[63,157788,89],{"class":81},[63,157790,5409],{"class":85},[63,157792,89],{"class":81},[63,157794,76197],{"class":85},[63,157796,126],{"class":81},[63,157798,157799],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157800,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157802,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157804,140],{"class":139},[63,157806,113],{"class":81},[63,157808,146],{"class":145},[63,157810,173],{"class":81},[63,157812,86],{"class":85},[63,157814,821],{"class":81},[63,157816,661],{"class":85},[63,157818,821],{"class":81},[63,157820,2394],{"class":85},[63,157822,2080],{"class":81},[14,157824,163],{},[54,157826,157828],{"className":56,"code":157827,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157829,157830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157831,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157833,113],{"class":81},[63,157835,16051],{"class":85},[63,157837,89],{"class":81},[63,157839,51136],{"class":85},[63,157841,126],{"class":81},[14,157843,157844,157845,157847,157848,157850,157851,259],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157846,86],{},", stops before index ",[18,157849,661],{},", and moves by ",[18,157852,2394],{},[14,157854,157855,157856,259],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[196,157857,149759],{"href":153185},[49,157859,76113],{"id":76112},[14,157861,157862],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[486,157864,157866,157867,6285],{"id":157865},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157868,76127],{},[54,157870,157872],{"className":56,"code":157871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157873,157874,157902,157906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157875,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157877,70],{"class":69},[63,157879,74],{"class":73},[63,157881,1687],{"class":81},[63,157883,741],{"class":85},[63,157885,89],{"class":81},[63,157887,746],{"class":85},[63,157889,89],{"class":81},[63,157891,751],{"class":85},[63,157893,89],{"class":81},[63,157895,51136],{"class":85},[63,157897,89],{"class":81},[63,157899,5409],{"class":85},[63,157901,126],{"class":81},[63,157903,157904],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157905,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157909,140],{"class":139},[63,157911,113],{"class":81},[63,157913,146],{"class":145},[63,157915,75632],{"class":81},[63,157917,1248],{"class":85},[63,157919,2080],{"class":81},[14,157921,163],{},[54,157923,157924],{"className":56,"code":151451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,157925,157926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157929,113],{"class":81},[63,157931,741],{"class":85},[63,157933,89],{"class":81},[63,157935,746],{"class":85},[63,157937,89],{"class":81},[63,157939,751],{"class":85},[63,157941,126],{"class":81},[486,157943,157945],{"id":157944},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[54,157947,157949],{"className":56,"code":157948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157950,157951,157979,157983],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,157952,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,157954,70],{"class":69},[63,157956,74],{"class":73},[63,157958,1687],{"class":81},[63,157960,741],{"class":85},[63,157962,89],{"class":81},[63,157964,746],{"class":85},[63,157966,89],{"class":81},[63,157968,751],{"class":85},[63,157970,89],{"class":81},[63,157972,51136],{"class":85},[63,157974,89],{"class":81},[63,157976,5409],{"class":85},[63,157978,126],{"class":81},[63,157980,157981],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,157982,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,157984,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,157986,140],{"class":139},[63,157988,113],{"class":81},[63,157990,146],{"class":145},[63,157992,173],{"class":81},[63,157994,2394],{"class":85},[63,157996,77813],{"class":81},[14,157998,163],{},[54,158000,158002],{"className":56,"code":158001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,158003,158004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158005,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158007,113],{"class":81},[63,158009,37132],{"class":85},[63,158011,89],{"class":81},[63,158013,51136],{"class":85},[63,158015,89],{"class":81},[63,158017,5409],{"class":85},[63,158019,126],{"class":81},[486,158021,158023],{"id":158022},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[54,158025,158027],{"className":56,"code":158026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,158028,158029,158057,158061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158030,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158032,70],{"class":69},[63,158034,74],{"class":73},[63,158036,1687],{"class":81},[63,158038,741],{"class":85},[63,158040,89],{"class":81},[63,158042,746],{"class":85},[63,158044,89],{"class":81},[63,158046,751],{"class":85},[63,158048,89],{"class":81},[63,158050,51136],{"class":85},[63,158052,89],{"class":81},[63,158054,5409],{"class":85},[63,158056,126],{"class":81},[63,158058,158059],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158060,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158062,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158064,140],{"class":139},[63,158066,113],{"class":81},[63,158068,146],{"class":145},[63,158070,173],{"class":81},[63,158072,86],{"class":85},[63,158074,821],{"class":81},[63,158076,2840],{"class":85},[63,158078,2080],{"class":81},[14,158080,163],{},[54,158082,158084],{"className":56,"code":158083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158085,158086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158087,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158089,113],{"class":81},[63,158091,16051],{"class":85},[63,158093,89],{"class":81},[63,158095,751],{"class":85},[63,158097,89],{"class":81},[63,158099,51136],{"class":85},[63,158101,126],{"class":81},[486,158103,158105],{"id":158104},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[54,158107,158109],{"className":56,"code":158108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,158110,158111,158143,158147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158112,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158114,70],{"class":69},[63,158116,74],{"class":73},[63,158118,1687],{"class":81},[63,158120,741],{"class":85},[63,158122,89],{"class":81},[63,158124,746],{"class":85},[63,158126,89],{"class":81},[63,158128,751],{"class":85},[63,158130,89],{"class":81},[63,158132,51136],{"class":85},[63,158134,89],{"class":81},[63,158136,5409],{"class":85},[63,158138,89],{"class":81},[63,158140,76197],{"class":85},[63,158142,126],{"class":81},[63,158144,158145],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158146,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158148,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158150,140],{"class":139},[63,158152,113],{"class":81},[63,158154,146],{"class":145},[63,158156,74219],{"class":81},[63,158158,2394],{"class":85},[63,158160,2080],{"class":81},[14,158162,163],{},[54,158164,158166],{"className":56,"code":158165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,158167,158168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158169,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158171,113],{"class":81},[63,158173,741],{"class":85},[63,158175,89],{"class":81},[63,158177,751],{"class":85},[63,158179,89],{"class":81},[63,158181,5409],{"class":85},[63,158183,126],{"class":81},[486,158185,158187],{"id":158186},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[54,158189,158191],{"className":56,"code":158190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,158192,158193,158221,158225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158194,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158196,70],{"class":69},[63,158198,74],{"class":73},[63,158200,1687],{"class":81},[63,158202,741],{"class":85},[63,158204,89],{"class":81},[63,158206,746],{"class":85},[63,158208,89],{"class":81},[63,158210,751],{"class":85},[63,158212,89],{"class":81},[63,158214,51136],{"class":85},[63,158216,89],{"class":81},[63,158218,5409],{"class":85},[63,158220,126],{"class":81},[63,158222,158223],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158224,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158226,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158228,140],{"class":139},[63,158230,113],{"class":81},[63,158232,146],{"class":145},[63,158234,74219],{"class":81},[63,158236,2359],{"class":73},[63,158238,86],{"class":85},[63,158240,2080],{"class":81},[14,158242,163],{},[54,158244,158246],{"className":56,"code":158245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,158247,158248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158249,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158251,113],{"class":81},[63,158253,76891],{"class":85},[63,158255,89],{"class":81},[63,158257,51136],{"class":85},[63,158259,89],{"class":81},[63,158261,751],{"class":85},[63,158263,89],{"class":81},[63,158265,746],{"class":85},[63,158267,89],{"class":81},[63,158269,6324],{"class":85},[63,158271,126],{"class":81},[49,158273,76407],{"id":76406},[14,158275,154458],{},[14,158277,158278],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[486,158280,158282],{"id":158281},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[54,158284,158286],{"className":56,"code":158285,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,158287,158288,158320,158324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158291,70],{"class":69},[63,158293,74],{"class":73},[63,158295,1687],{"class":81},[63,158297,741],{"class":85},[63,158299,89],{"class":81},[63,158301,746],{"class":85},[63,158303,89],{"class":81},[63,158305,751],{"class":85},[63,158307,89],{"class":81},[63,158309,51136],{"class":85},[63,158311,89],{"class":81},[63,158313,5409],{"class":85},[63,158315,89],{"class":81},[63,158317,76197],{"class":85},[63,158319,126],{"class":81},[63,158321,158322],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158323,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158325,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158327,140],{"class":139},[63,158329,113],{"class":81},[63,158331,146],{"class":145},[63,158333,173],{"class":81},[63,158335,2359],{"class":73},[63,158337,1248],{"class":85},[63,158339,77813],{"class":81},[14,158341,163],{},[54,158343,158345],{"className":56,"code":158344,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,158346,158347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158348,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158350,113],{"class":81},[63,158352,56974],{"class":85},[63,158354,89],{"class":81},[63,158356,5409],{"class":85},[63,158358,89],{"class":81},[63,158360,76197],{"class":85},[63,158362,126],{"class":81},[486,158364,158366],{"id":158365},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[54,158368,158370],{"className":56,"code":158369,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,158371,158372,158400,158404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158375,70],{"class":69},[63,158377,74],{"class":73},[63,158379,1687],{"class":81},[63,158381,741],{"class":85},[63,158383,89],{"class":81},[63,158385,746],{"class":85},[63,158387,89],{"class":81},[63,158389,751],{"class":85},[63,158391,89],{"class":81},[63,158393,51136],{"class":85},[63,158395,89],{"class":81},[63,158397,5409],{"class":85},[63,158399,126],{"class":81},[63,158401,158402],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158403,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158405,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158407,140],{"class":139},[63,158409,113],{"class":81},[63,158411,146],{"class":145},[63,158413,75632],{"class":81},[63,158415,2359],{"class":73},[63,158417,86],{"class":85},[63,158419,2080],{"class":81},[14,158421,163],{},[54,158423,158425],{"className":56,"code":158424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158426,158427],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158430,113],{"class":81},[63,158432,741],{"class":85},[63,158434,89],{"class":81},[63,158436,746],{"class":85},[63,158438,89],{"class":81},[63,158440,751],{"class":85},[63,158442,89],{"class":81},[63,158444,51136],{"class":85},[63,158446,126],{"class":81},[14,158448,158449,158450,259],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[196,158451,151008],{"href":157342},[49,158453,158455],{"id":158454},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158457,2317,158458,158460],{},[18,158459,75526],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[29,158462,158463,158465,158467,158473],{},[32,158464,76663],{},[32,158466,76666],{},[32,158468,158469,158472],{},[18,158470,158471],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[32,158474,158475,158476,158478],{},"A step of ",[18,158477,687],{}," is not allowed",[14,158480,158481],{},"Example with a positive step:",[54,158483,158485],{"className":56,"code":158484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,158486,158487,158519,158523],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158488,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158490,70],{"class":69},[63,158492,74],{"class":73},[63,158494,1687],{"class":81},[63,158496,741],{"class":85},[63,158498,89],{"class":81},[63,158500,746],{"class":85},[63,158502,89],{"class":81},[63,158504,751],{"class":85},[63,158506,89],{"class":81},[63,158508,51136],{"class":85},[63,158510,89],{"class":81},[63,158512,5409],{"class":85},[63,158514,89],{"class":81},[63,158516,76197],{"class":85},[63,158518,126],{"class":81},[63,158520,158521],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158522,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158526,140],{"class":139},[63,158528,113],{"class":81},[63,158530,146],{"class":145},[63,158532,173],{"class":81},[63,158534,86],{"class":85},[63,158536,821],{"class":81},[63,158538,80691],{"class":85},[63,158540,821],{"class":81},[63,158542,2394],{"class":85},[63,158544,2080],{"class":81},[14,158546,163],{},[54,158548,158550],{"className":56,"code":158549,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,158551,158552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158555,113],{"class":81},[63,158557,16051],{"class":85},[63,158559,89],{"class":81},[63,158561,51136],{"class":85},[63,158563,89],{"class":81},[63,158565,76197],{"class":85},[63,158567,126],{"class":81},[14,158569,158570],{},"Example with a negative step:",[54,158572,158574],{"className":56,"code":158573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158575,158576,158604,158608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158577,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158579,70],{"class":69},[63,158581,74],{"class":73},[63,158583,1687],{"class":81},[63,158585,741],{"class":85},[63,158587,89],{"class":81},[63,158589,746],{"class":85},[63,158591,89],{"class":81},[63,158593,751],{"class":85},[63,158595,89],{"class":81},[63,158597,51136],{"class":85},[63,158599,89],{"class":81},[63,158601,5409],{"class":85},[63,158603,126],{"class":81},[63,158605,158606],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158607,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158609,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158611,140],{"class":139},[63,158613,113],{"class":81},[63,158615,146],{"class":145},[63,158617,173],{"class":81},[63,158619,2840],{"class":85},[63,158621,821],{"class":81},[63,158623,86],{"class":85},[63,158625,821],{"class":81},[63,158627,2359],{"class":73},[63,158629,86],{"class":85},[63,158631,2080],{"class":81},[14,158633,163],{},[54,158635,158637],{"className":56,"code":158636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158638,158639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158642,113],{"class":81},[63,158644,76891],{"class":85},[63,158646,89],{"class":81},[63,158648,51136],{"class":85},[63,158650,89],{"class":81},[63,158652,751],{"class":85},[63,158654,126],{"class":81},[14,158656,158657],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[54,158659,158661],{"className":56,"code":158660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158662,158663,158683,158687],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158664,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158666,70],{"class":69},[63,158668,74],{"class":73},[63,158670,1687],{"class":81},[63,158672,741],{"class":85},[63,158674,89],{"class":81},[63,158676,746],{"class":85},[63,158678,89],{"class":81},[63,158680,751],{"class":85},[63,158682,126],{"class":81},[63,158684,158685],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158686,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158688,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158690,140],{"class":139},[63,158692,113],{"class":81},[63,158694,146],{"class":145},[63,158696,74219],{"class":81},[63,158698,687],{"class":85},[63,158700,2080],{"class":81},[14,158702,158703],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[49,158705,158707],{"id":158706},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158709,158710,158711,34034],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1217,158712,49245],{},[486,158714,158716],{"id":158715},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[54,158718,158720],{"className":56,"code":158719,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158721,158722,158746,158750,158768,158772,158782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158723,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158725,70],{"class":69},[63,158727,74],{"class":73},[63,158729,1687],{"class":81},[63,158731,741],{"class":85},[63,158733,89],{"class":81},[63,158735,746],{"class":85},[63,158737,89],{"class":81},[63,158739,751],{"class":85},[63,158741,89],{"class":81},[63,158743,51136],{"class":85},[63,158745,126],{"class":81},[63,158747,158748],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158749,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158751,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158753,851],{"class":69},[63,158755,74],{"class":73},[63,158757,4595],{"class":69},[63,158759,173],{"class":81},[63,158761,86],{"class":85},[63,158763,821],{"class":81},[63,158765,1248],{"class":85},[63,158767,186],{"class":81},[63,158769,158770],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,158771,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,158775,140],{"class":139},[63,158777,113],{"class":81},[63,158779,875],{"class":145},[63,158781,126],{"class":81},[63,158783,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,158785,140],{"class":139},[63,158787,113],{"class":81},[63,158789,3557],{"class":77},[63,158791,113],{"class":81},[63,158793,875],{"class":145},[63,158795,100],{"class":81},[14,158797,163],{},[54,158799,158801],{"className":56,"code":158800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158802,158803,158815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158804,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158806,113],{"class":81},[63,158808,16051],{"class":85},[63,158810,89],{"class":81},[63,158812,751],{"class":85},[63,158814,126],{"class":81},[63,158816,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158818,3626],{"class":73},[63,158820,3629],{"class":2402},[63,158822,203],{"class":116},[63,158824,49245],{"class":120},[63,158826,193],{"class":116},[63,158828,3638],{"class":73},[486,158830,158832],{"id":158831},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[54,158834,158836],{"className":56,"code":158835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158837,158838,158858,158862,158880,158884,158894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158841,70],{"class":69},[63,158843,74],{"class":73},[63,158845,1687],{"class":81},[63,158847,741],{"class":85},[63,158849,89],{"class":81},[63,158851,746],{"class":85},[63,158853,89],{"class":81},[63,158855,751],{"class":85},[63,158857,126],{"class":81},[63,158859,158860],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158861,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158863,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158865,851],{"class":69},[63,158867,74],{"class":73},[63,158869,4595],{"class":69},[63,158871,173],{"class":81},[63,158873,86],{"class":85},[63,158875,821],{"class":81},[63,158877,2394],{"class":85},[63,158879,186],{"class":81},[63,158881,158882],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,158883,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158885,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,158887,140],{"class":139},[63,158889,113],{"class":81},[63,158891,875],{"class":145},[63,158893,126],{"class":81},[63,158895,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,158897,140],{"class":139},[63,158899,113],{"class":81},[63,158901,3557],{"class":77},[63,158903,113],{"class":81},[63,158905,875],{"class":145},[63,158907,100],{"class":81},[14,158909,163],{},[54,158911,158913],{"className":56,"code":158912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158914,158915,158923],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158916,158917,158919,158921],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158918,113],{"class":81},[63,158920,16051],{"class":85},[63,158922,149442],{"class":81},[63,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158926,3626],{"class":73},[63,158928,3629],{"class":2402},[63,158930,203],{"class":116},[63,158932,49245],{"class":120},[63,158934,193],{"class":116},[63,158936,3638],{"class":73},[486,158938,158940],{"id":158939},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[54,158942,158944],{"className":56,"code":158943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158945,158946,158966,158970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158949,70],{"class":69},[63,158951,74],{"class":73},[63,158953,1687],{"class":81},[63,158955,741],{"class":85},[63,158957,89],{"class":81},[63,158959,746],{"class":85},[63,158961,89],{"class":81},[63,158963,751],{"class":85},[63,158965,126],{"class":81},[63,158967,158968],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,158969,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,158971,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,158973,140],{"class":139},[63,158975,113],{"class":81},[63,158977,146],{"class":145},[63,158979,173],{"class":81},[63,158981,661],{"class":85},[63,158983,821],{"class":81},[63,158985,2680],{"class":85},[63,158987,2080],{"class":81},[14,158989,163],{},[54,158991,158992],{"className":56,"code":279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,158993,158994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,158995,158996],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,158997,279],{"class":81},[14,158999,159000,159001,259],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[196,159002,156178],{"href":151065},[49,159004,159006],{"id":159005},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,159008,159009],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[29,159011,159012,159014,159017,159022],{},[32,159013,76972],{},[32,159015,159016],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[32,159018,159019,159020],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,159021,70828],{},[32,159023,159024],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,159026,2543],{},[54,159028,159030],{"className":56,"code":159029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,159031,159032,159052,159056,159073,159094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159035,70],{"class":69},[63,159037,74],{"class":73},[63,159039,1687],{"class":81},[63,159041,741],{"class":85},[63,159043,89],{"class":81},[63,159045,746],{"class":85},[63,159047,89],{"class":81},[63,159049,751],{"class":85},[63,159051,126],{"class":81},[63,159053,159054],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159055,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159057,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159059,140],{"class":139},[63,159061,113],{"class":81},[63,159063,146],{"class":145},[63,159065,173],{"class":81},[63,159067,86],{"class":85},[63,159069,20740],{"class":81},[63,159071,159072],{"class":1910},"    # one item\n",[63,159074,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,159076,140],{"class":139},[63,159078,113],{"class":81},[63,159080,146],{"class":145},[63,159082,173],{"class":81},[63,159084,86],{"class":85},[63,159086,821],{"class":81},[63,159088,661],{"class":85},[63,159090,20740],{"class":81},[63,159092,159093],{"class":1910},"  # slice\n",[63,159095,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,159097,140],{"class":139},[63,159099,113],{"class":81},[63,159101,146],{"class":145},[63,159103,173],{"class":81},[63,159105,661],{"class":85},[63,159107,821],{"class":81},[63,159109,2680],{"class":85},[63,159111,20740],{"class":81},[63,159113,159114],{"class":1910},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159116,163],{},[54,159118,159120],{"className":56,"code":159119,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,159121,159122,159126,159138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159123,159124],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159125,71321],{"class":85},[63,159127,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159129,113],{"class":81},[63,159131,16051],{"class":85},[63,159133,89],{"class":81},[63,159135,751],{"class":85},[63,159137,126],{"class":81},[63,159139,159140],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159141,279],{"class":81},[14,159143,159144],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[54,159146,159148],{"className":56,"code":159147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,159149,159150,159170,159174],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159151,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159153,70],{"class":69},[63,159155,74],{"class":73},[63,159157,1687],{"class":81},[63,159159,741],{"class":85},[63,159161,89],{"class":81},[63,159163,746],{"class":85},[63,159165,89],{"class":81},[63,159167,751],{"class":85},[63,159169,126],{"class":81},[63,159171,159172],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159173,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159175,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159177,140],{"class":139},[63,159179,113],{"class":81},[63,159181,146],{"class":145},[63,159183,173],{"class":81},[63,159185,661],{"class":85},[63,159187,2080],{"class":81},[14,159189,159190,159191,159193,159194,259],{},"This raises an ",[18,159192,70828],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[196,159195,154931],{"href":159196},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[49,159198,15473],{"id":77239},[14,159200,159201],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[29,159203,159204,159207,159209,159212],{},[32,159205,159206],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[32,159208,60965],{},[32,159210,159211],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[32,159213,159214,159215],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,159216,687],{},[14,159218,159219],{},"Here are a few examples.",[486,159221,159223],{"id":159222},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[54,159225,159226],{"className":56,"code":158026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,159227,159228,159256,159260],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159229,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159231,70],{"class":69},[63,159233,74],{"class":73},[63,159235,1687],{"class":81},[63,159237,741],{"class":85},[63,159239,89],{"class":81},[63,159241,746],{"class":85},[63,159243,89],{"class":81},[63,159245,751],{"class":85},[63,159247,89],{"class":81},[63,159249,51136],{"class":85},[63,159251,89],{"class":81},[63,159253,5409],{"class":85},[63,159255,126],{"class":81},[63,159257,159258],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159259,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159261,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159263,140],{"class":139},[63,159265,113],{"class":81},[63,159267,146],{"class":145},[63,159269,173],{"class":81},[63,159271,86],{"class":85},[63,159273,821],{"class":81},[63,159275,2840],{"class":85},[63,159277,2080],{"class":81},[14,159279,163],{},[54,159281,159282],{"className":56,"code":158083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,159283,159284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159285,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159287,113],{"class":81},[63,159289,16051],{"class":85},[63,159291,89],{"class":81},[63,159293,751],{"class":85},[63,159295,89],{"class":81},[63,159297,51136],{"class":85},[63,159299,126],{"class":81},[14,159301,132510,159302,159304],{},[18,159303,2840],{}," is not included.",[486,159306,159308],{"id":159307},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159310,1900],{},[54,159312,159314],{"className":56,"code":159313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,159315,159316,159340,159344],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159319,70],{"class":69},[63,159321,74],{"class":73},[63,159323,1687],{"class":81},[63,159325,741],{"class":85},[63,159327,89],{"class":81},[63,159329,746],{"class":85},[63,159331,89],{"class":81},[63,159333,751],{"class":85},[63,159335,89],{"class":81},[63,159337,51136],{"class":85},[63,159339,126],{"class":81},[63,159341,159342],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159343,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159345,159346],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159347,159348],{"class":1910},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159350,159351],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[54,159353,159354],{"className":56,"code":155011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,159355,159356,159380,159384],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159357,159358,159360,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159359,70],{"class":69},[63,159361,74],{"class":73},[63,159363,1687],{"class":81},[63,159365,741],{"class":85},[63,159367,89],{"class":81},[63,159369,746],{"class":85},[63,159371,89],{"class":81},[63,159373,751],{"class":85},[63,159375,89],{"class":81},[63,159377,51136],{"class":85},[63,159379,126],{"class":81},[63,159381,159382],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159383,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159387,140],{"class":139},[63,159389,113],{"class":81},[63,159391,146],{"class":145},[63,159393,173],{"class":81},[63,159395,86],{"class":85},[63,159397,821],{"class":81},[63,159399,1248],{"class":85},[63,159401,2080],{"class":81},[486,159403,159405],{"id":159404},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[54,159407,159409],{"className":56,"code":159408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,159410,159411,159435,159439,159454,159458,159469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159412,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159414,70],{"class":69},[63,159416,74],{"class":73},[63,159418,1687],{"class":81},[63,159420,741],{"class":85},[63,159422,89],{"class":81},[63,159424,746],{"class":85},[63,159426,89],{"class":81},[63,159428,751],{"class":85},[63,159430,89],{"class":81},[63,159432,51136],{"class":85},[63,159434,126],{"class":81},[63,159436,159437],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159438,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159440,159441,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159442,159443],{"class":69},"slice_result ",[63,159445,74],{"class":73},[63,159447,4595],{"class":69},[63,159449,75632],{"class":81},[63,159451,2394],{"class":85},[63,159453,186],{"class":81},[63,159455,159456],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,159457,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159459,159460,159462,159464,159467],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,159461,140],{"class":139},[63,159463,113],{"class":81},[63,159465,159466],{"class":145},"slice_result",[63,159468,126],{"class":81},[63,159470,159471,159473,159475,159477],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,159472,140],{"class":139},[63,159474,113],{"class":81},[63,159476,146],{"class":145},[63,159478,126],{"class":81},[14,159480,163],{},[54,159482,159484],{"className":56,"code":159483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,159485,159486,159498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159489,113],{"class":81},[63,159491,741],{"class":85},[63,159493,89],{"class":81},[63,159495,746],{"class":85},[63,159497,126],{"class":81},[63,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159501,113],{"class":81},[63,159503,741],{"class":85},[63,159505,89],{"class":81},[63,159507,746],{"class":85},[63,159509,89],{"class":81},[63,159511,751],{"class":85},[63,159513,89],{"class":81},[63,159515,51136],{"class":85},[63,159517,126],{"class":81},[14,159519,159520],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[49,159522,113824],{"id":113823},[14,159524,159525],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[29,159527,159528,159531,159534,159540,159543],{},[32,159529,159530],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[32,159532,159533],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[32,159535,159536,159537],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,159538,159539],{},"tuple[::0]",[32,159541,159542],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[32,159544,159545],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159547,159548],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[54,159550,159552],{"className":56,"code":159551,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,159553,159554,159564,159582,159604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159555,159556,159558,159560,159562],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159557,140],{"class":139},[63,159559,113],{"class":81},[63,159561,148104],{"class":145},[63,159563,126],{"class":81},[63,159565,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159567,140],{"class":139},[63,159569,113],{"class":81},[63,159571,148104],{"class":145},[63,159573,173],{"class":81},[63,159575,86],{"class":85},[63,159577,821],{"class":81},[63,159579,2840],{"class":85},[63,159581,2080],{"class":81},[63,159583,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159585,140],{"class":139},[63,159587,113],{"class":81},[63,159589,3557],{"class":77},[63,159591,113],{"class":81},[63,159593,148104],{"class":145},[63,159595,173],{"class":81},[63,159597,86],{"class":85},[63,159599,821],{"class":81},[63,159601,2840],{"class":85},[63,159603,3334],{"class":81},[63,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,159607,140],{"class":139},[63,159609,113],{"class":81},[63,159611,11468],{"class":139},[63,159613,113],{"class":81},[63,159615,148104],{"class":145},[63,159617,100],{"class":81},[14,159619,11477],{},[29,159621,159622,159624,159627,159630],{},[32,159623,155318],{},[32,159625,159626],{},"what the slice actually returns",[32,159628,159629],{},"that the result is a tuple",[32,159631,159632],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[49,159634,2165],{"id":2164},[486,159636,159638],{"id":159637},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159640,159641],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[486,159643,159645],{"id":159644},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159647,159648],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[486,159650,5469,159652,40250],{"id":159651},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159653,158471],{},[14,159655,159656],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[486,159658,159660,159661,2827],{"id":159659},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159662,70828],{},[14,159664,159665,159666,259],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159667,70828],{},[49,159669,2219],{"id":2218},[29,159671,159672,159676,159680,159684,159688],{},[32,159673,159674],{},[196,159675,156178],{"href":151065},[32,159677,159678],{},[196,159679,149759],{"href":153185},[32,159681,159682],{},[196,159683,151008],{"href":157342},[32,159685,159686],{},[196,159687,148086],{"href":157704},[32,159689,159690],{},[196,159691,154931],{"href":159196},[2259,159693,159694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":159696},[159697,159698,159699,159700,159708,159712,159713,159718,159719,159724,159725,159733],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":157504,"depth":103,"text":157505},{"id":157707,"depth":103,"text":157708},{"id":76112,"depth":103,"text":76113,"children":159701},[159702,159704,159705,159706,159707],{"id":157865,"depth":129,"text":159703},"Get the first n items",{"id":157944,"depth":129,"text":157945},{"id":158022,"depth":129,"text":158023},{"id":158104,"depth":129,"text":158105},{"id":158186,"depth":129,"text":158187},{"id":76406,"depth":103,"text":76407,"children":159709},[159710,159711],{"id":158281,"depth":129,"text":158282},{"id":158365,"depth":129,"text":158366},{"id":158454,"depth":103,"text":158455},{"id":158706,"depth":103,"text":158707,"children":159714},[159715,159716,159717],{"id":158715,"depth":129,"text":158716},{"id":158831,"depth":129,"text":158832},{"id":158939,"depth":129,"text":158940},{"id":159005,"depth":103,"text":159006},{"id":77239,"depth":103,"text":15473,"children":159720},[159721,159722,159723],{"id":159222,"depth":129,"text":159223},{"id":159307,"depth":129,"text":159308},{"id":159404,"depth":129,"text":159405},{"id":113823,"depth":103,"text":113824},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":159726},[159727,159728,159729,159731],{"id":159637,"depth":129,"text":159638},{"id":159644,"depth":129,"text":159645},{"id":159651,"depth":129,"text":159730},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159659,"depth":129,"text":159732},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157348,"description":159734},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159741,"title":159742,"body":159743,"description":161566,"extension":2300,"meta":161567,"navigation":132,"path":35102,"seo":161568,"stem":161569,"__hash__":161570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159744,"toc":161532},[159745,159750,159755,159759,159777,159780,159795,159801,159803,159860,159862,159894,159906,159912,159917,159920,159955,159961,159963,159966,159980,159983,159985,160008,160010,160028,160031,160047,160049,160052,160165,160167,160256,160259,160264,160270,160273,160276,160375,160377,160436,160441,160444,160513,160517,160549,160565,160570,160577,160584,160596,160598,160647,160649,160672,160678,160726,160731,160738,160746,160752,160755,160779,160782,160784,160860,160862,160887,160893,160896,160901,160905,160919,160921,160984,160986,161018,161021,161037,161039,161045,161052,161054,161073,161075,161093,161100,161105,161112,161114,161151,161154,161161,161165,161168,161226,161229,161232,161287,161289,161301,161307,161309,161313,161346,161353,161355,161418,161421,161423,161428,161442,161449,161457,161466,161475,161481,161487,161489,161529],[10,159746,3912,159748,3916],{"id":159747},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159749,2637],{},[14,159751,32609,159752,159754],{},[18,159753,2637],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159756,24,159757,104668],{},[18,159758,2637],{},[29,159760,159761,159764,159767,159770],{},[32,159762,159763],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[32,159765,159766],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[32,159768,159769],{},"debug confusing code",[32,159771,159772,159773],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[196,159774,159775],{"href":8534},[18,159776,3294],{},[14,159778,159779],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[54,159781,159783],{"className":56,"code":159782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(object)\n",[18,159784,159785],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159788,3557],{"class":77},[63,159790,113],{"class":81},[63,159792,42689],{"class":77},[63,159794,126],{"class":81},[14,159796,159797,159798,159800],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159799,2637],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[49,159802,3946],{"id":3945},[54,159804,159806],{"className":56,"code":159805,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159807,159808,159820,159834,159838,159846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159811,8194],{"class":69},[63,159813,74],{"class":73},[63,159815,824],{"class":116},[63,159817,5334],{"class":120},[63,159819,3694],{"class":116},[63,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159823,140],{"class":139},[63,159825,113],{"class":81},[63,159827,3557],{"class":77},[63,159829,113],{"class":81},[63,159831,816],{"class":145},[63,159833,100],{"class":81},[63,159835,159836],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,159837,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,159839,159840,159842,159844],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,159841,2553],{"class":69},[63,159843,74],{"class":73},[63,159845,2923],{"class":85},[63,159847,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,159849,140],{"class":139},[63,159851,113],{"class":81},[63,159853,3557],{"class":77},[63,159855,113],{"class":81},[63,159857,2575],{"class":145},[63,159859,100],{"class":81},[14,159861,163],{},[54,159863,159864],{"className":56,"code":125171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,159865,159866,159880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159867,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159869,3626],{"class":73},[63,159871,3629],{"class":2402},[63,159873,203],{"class":116},[63,159875,3779],{"class":120},[63,159877,193],{"class":116},[63,159879,3638],{"class":73},[63,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,159883,3626],{"class":73},[63,159885,3629],{"class":2402},[63,159887,203],{"class":116},[63,159889,1039],{"class":120},[63,159891,193],{"class":116},[63,159893,3638],{"class":73},[14,159895,222,159896,159899,159900,4726,159903,259],{},[18,159897,159898],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159901,159902],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159904,159905],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[49,159907,13301,159909,159911],{"id":159908},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159910,2637],{}," function does",[14,159913,159914,159916],{},[18,159915,2637],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159918,159919],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[29,159921,159922,159927,159932,159937,159942,159947],{},[32,159923,159924,159926],{},[18,159925,3779],{}," for text",[32,159928,159929,159931],{},[18,159930,1039],{}," for whole numbers",[32,159933,159934,159936],{},[18,159935,2527],{}," for decimal numbers",[32,159938,159939,159941],{},[18,159940,276],{}," for lists",[32,159943,159944,159946],{},[18,159945,9138],{}," for dictionaries",[32,159948,159949,69192,159951,4726,159953],{},[18,159950,4202],{},[18,159952,3941],{},[18,159954,4010],{},[14,159956,159957,159958,159960],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159959,2637],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[49,159962,263],{"id":262},[14,159964,159965],{},"The main beginner form is:",[54,159967,159968],{"className":56,"code":159782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,159969,159970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159973,3557],{"class":77},[63,159975,113],{"class":81},[63,159977,42689],{"class":77},[63,159979,126],{"class":81},[14,159981,159982],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159984,2543],{},[54,159986,159988],{"className":56,"code":159987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159989,159990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,159991,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,159993,140],{"class":139},[63,159995,113],{"class":81},[63,159997,3557],{"class":77},[63,159999,113],{"class":81},[63,160001,117],{"class":116},[63,160003,1995],{"class":120},[63,160005,117],{"class":116},[63,160007,100],{"class":81},[14,160009,163],{},[54,160011,160012],{"className":56,"code":46062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,160013,160014],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160017,3626],{"class":73},[63,160019,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160021,203],{"class":116},[63,160023,3779],{"class":120},[63,160025,193],{"class":116},[63,160027,3638],{"class":73},[14,160029,160030],{},"You can pass either:",[29,160032,160033,160040],{},[32,160034,160035,160036,1725,160038],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,160037,1972],{},[18,160039,46817],{},[32,160041,160042,160043,1725,160045],{},"a variable such as ",[18,160044,816],{},[18,160046,836],{},[49,160048,121983],{"id":121982},[14,160050,160051],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[54,160053,160055],{"className":56,"code":160054,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,160056,160057,160075,160089,160103,160125,160151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160058,160059,160061,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160060,140],{"class":139},[63,160062,113],{"class":81},[63,160064,3557],{"class":77},[63,160066,113],{"class":81},[63,160068,117],{"class":116},[63,160070,1995],{"class":120},[63,160072,117],{"class":116},[63,160074,100],{"class":81},[63,160076,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160078,140],{"class":139},[63,160080,113],{"class":81},[63,160082,3557],{"class":77},[63,160084,113],{"class":81},[63,160086,741],{"class":85},[63,160088,100],{"class":81},[63,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160092,140],{"class":139},[63,160094,113],{"class":81},[63,160096,3557],{"class":77},[63,160098,113],{"class":81},[63,160100,40433],{"class":85},[63,160102,100],{"class":81},[63,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160106,140],{"class":139},[63,160108,113],{"class":81},[63,160110,3557],{"class":77},[63,160112,2071],{"class":81},[63,160114,86],{"class":85},[63,160116,89],{"class":81},[63,160118,92],{"class":85},[63,160120,89],{"class":81},[63,160122,97],{"class":85},[63,160124,3334],{"class":81},[63,160126,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,160128,140],{"class":139},[63,160130,113],{"class":81},[63,160132,3557],{"class":77},[63,160134,738],{"class":81},[63,160136,117],{"class":116},[63,160138,816],{"class":120},[63,160140,117],{"class":116},[63,160142,821],{"class":81},[63,160144,824],{"class":116},[63,160146,5334],{"class":120},[63,160148,117],{"class":116},[63,160150,5858],{"class":81},[63,160152,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,160154,140],{"class":139},[63,160156,113],{"class":81},[63,160158,3557],{"class":77},[63,160160,113],{"class":81},[63,160162,3941],{"class":1205},[63,160164,100],{"class":81},[14,160166,163],{},[54,160168,160170],{"className":56,"code":160169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,160171,160172,160186,160200,160214,160228,160242],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160175,3626],{"class":73},[63,160177,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160179,203],{"class":116},[63,160181,3779],{"class":120},[63,160183,193],{"class":116},[63,160185,3638],{"class":73},[63,160187,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160189,3626],{"class":73},[63,160191,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160193,203],{"class":116},[63,160195,1039],{"class":120},[63,160197,193],{"class":116},[63,160199,3638],{"class":73},[63,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160203,3626],{"class":73},[63,160205,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160207,203],{"class":116},[63,160209,2527],{"class":120},[63,160211,193],{"class":116},[63,160213,3638],{"class":73},[63,160215,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224,160226],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160217,3626],{"class":73},[63,160219,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160221,203],{"class":116},[63,160223,276],{"class":120},[63,160225,193],{"class":116},[63,160227,3638],{"class":73},[63,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,160231,3626],{"class":73},[63,160233,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160235,203],{"class":116},[63,160237,9138],{"class":120},[63,160239,193],{"class":116},[63,160241,3638],{"class":73},[63,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,160245,3626],{"class":73},[63,160247,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160249,203],{"class":116},[63,160251,4202],{"class":120},[63,160253,193],{"class":116},[63,160255,3638],{"class":73},[14,160257,160258],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160260,160261,160262,259],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[196,160263,45089],{"href":49270},[49,160265,8733,160267,160269],{"id":160266},"using-type-with-variables",[18,160268,2637],{}," with variables",[14,160271,160272],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160274,160275],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[54,160277,160279],{"className":56,"code":160278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,160280,160281,160289,160307,160311,160323,160341,160345,160357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160282,160283,160285,160287],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160284,2782],{"class":69},[63,160286,74],{"class":73},[63,160288,2923],{"class":85},[63,160290,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160292,140],{"class":139},[63,160294,113],{"class":81},[63,160296,2807],{"class":145},[63,160298,89],{"class":81},[63,160300,49682],{"class":77},[63,160302,113],{"class":81},[63,160304,2807],{"class":145},[63,160306,100],{"class":81},[63,160308,160309],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160310,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160312,160313,160315,160317,160319,160321],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160314,2782],{"class":69},[63,160316,74],{"class":73},[63,160318,824],{"class":116},[63,160320,46199],{"class":120},[63,160322,3694],{"class":116},[63,160324,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,160326,140],{"class":139},[63,160328,113],{"class":81},[63,160330,2807],{"class":145},[63,160332,89],{"class":81},[63,160334,49682],{"class":77},[63,160336,113],{"class":81},[63,160338,2807],{"class":145},[63,160340,100],{"class":81},[63,160342,160343],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,160344,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,160348,2782],{"class":69},[63,160350,74],{"class":73},[63,160352,1091],{"class":81},[63,160354,741],{"class":85},[63,160356,186],{"class":81},[63,160358,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373],{"class":65,"line":6745},[63,160360,140],{"class":139},[63,160362,113],{"class":81},[63,160364,2807],{"class":145},[63,160366,89],{"class":81},[63,160368,49682],{"class":77},[63,160370,113],{"class":81},[63,160372,2807],{"class":145},[63,160374,100],{"class":81},[14,160376,163],{},[54,160378,160380],{"className":56,"code":160379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,160381,160382,160399,160416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160383,160384,160386,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160385,741],{"class":85},[63,160387,160388],{"class":73}," \u003C",[63,160390,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160392,203],{"class":116},[63,160394,1039],{"class":120},[63,160396,193],{"class":116},[63,160398,3638],{"class":73},[63,160400,160401,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160402,160403],{"class":69},"ten ",[63,160405,3626],{"class":73},[63,160407,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160409,203],{"class":116},[63,160411,3779],{"class":120},[63,160413,193],{"class":116},[63,160415,3638],{"class":73},[63,160417,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160419,173],{"class":81},[63,160421,741],{"class":85},[63,160423,13578],{"class":81},[63,160425,160388],{"class":73},[63,160427,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160429,203],{"class":116},[63,160431,276],{"class":120},[63,160433,193],{"class":116},[63,160435,3638],{"class":73},[14,160437,160438,160440],{},[18,160439,2637],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160442,160443],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[54,160445,160447],{"className":56,"code":160446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,160448,160449,160467,160481,160485,160499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160452,3727],{"class":69},[63,160454,74],{"class":73},[63,160456,8557],{"class":139},[63,160458,113],{"class":81},[63,160460,117],{"class":116},[63,160462,42161],{"class":120},[63,160464,117],{"class":116},[63,160466,126],{"class":81},[63,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160470,140],{"class":139},[63,160472,113],{"class":81},[63,160474,3557],{"class":77},[63,160476,113],{"class":81},[63,160478,3753],{"class":145},[63,160480,100],{"class":81},[63,160482,160483],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160484,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160486,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495,160497],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160488,123095],{"class":69},[63,160490,74],{"class":73},[63,160492,45568],{"class":77},[63,160494,113],{"class":81},[63,160496,3753],{"class":145},[63,160498,126],{"class":81},[63,160500,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,160502,140],{"class":139},[63,160504,113],{"class":81},[63,160506,3557],{"class":77},[63,160508,113],{"class":81},[63,160510,123118],{"class":145},[63,160512,100],{"class":81},[14,160514,41411,160515,41415],{},[18,160516,9509],{},[54,160518,160519],{"className":56,"code":125171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,160520,160521,160535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160524,3626],{"class":73},[63,160526,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160528,203],{"class":116},[63,160530,3779],{"class":120},[63,160532,193],{"class":116},[63,160534,3638],{"class":73},[63,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160538,3626],{"class":73},[63,160540,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160542,203],{"class":116},[63,160544,1039],{"class":120},[63,160546,193],{"class":116},[63,160548,3638],{"class":73},[14,160550,45995,160551,160555,160556,1725,160560,160564],{},[196,160552,160553],{"href":8534},[18,160554,3294],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[196,160557,160558],{"href":3212},[18,160559,3215],{},[196,160561,160562],{"href":3218},[18,160563,3221],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160566,160567,160568,259],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[196,160569,9298],{"href":9297},[49,160571,160573,10891,160575],{"id":160572},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160574,2637],{},[18,160576,45097],{},[14,160578,160579,4726,160581,160583],{},[18,160580,2637],{},[18,160582,45097],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[29,160585,160586,160591],{},[32,160587,160588,160590],{},[18,160589,2637],{}," tells you the exact type",[32,160592,160593,160595],{},[18,160594,45097],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160597,2543],{},[54,160599,160601],{"className":56,"code":160600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160602,160603,160611,160615,160629],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160604,160605,160607,160609],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160606,2782],{"class":69},[63,160608,74],{"class":73},[63,160610,35136],{"class":85},[63,160612,160613],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160614,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160616,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160618,140],{"class":139},[63,160620,113],{"class":81},[63,160622,3557],{"class":77},[63,160624,113],{"class":81},[63,160626,2807],{"class":145},[63,160628,100],{"class":81},[63,160630,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160632,140],{"class":139},[63,160634,113],{"class":81},[63,160636,49167],{"class":139},[63,160638,113],{"class":81},[63,160640,2807],{"class":145},[63,160642,89],{"class":81},[63,160644,45568],{"class":77},[63,160646,100],{"class":81},[14,160648,163],{},[54,160650,160652],{"className":56,"code":160651,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160653,160654,160668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160655,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160657,3626],{"class":73},[63,160659,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160661,203],{"class":116},[63,160663,1039],{"class":120},[63,160665,193],{"class":116},[63,160667,3638],{"class":73},[63,160669,160670],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160671,4313],{"class":1205},[14,160673,160674,160675,160677],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160676,45097],{}," is more practical.",[54,160679,160681],{"className":56,"code":160680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160682,160683,160691,160695,160711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160684,160685,160687,160689],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160686,2782],{"class":69},[63,160688,74],{"class":73},[63,160690,35136],{"class":85},[63,160692,160693],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160694,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160696,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160698,7318],{"class":1155},[63,160700,49905],{"class":139},[63,160702,113],{"class":81},[63,160704,2807],{"class":145},[63,160706,89],{"class":81},[63,160708,45568],{"class":77},[63,160710,8657],{"class":81},[63,160712,160713,160715,160717,160719,160722,160724],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160714,8386],{"class":139},[63,160716,113],{"class":81},[63,160718,117],{"class":116},[63,160720,160721],{"class":120},"This is an integer",[63,160723,117],{"class":116},[63,160725,126],{"class":81},[14,160727,222,160728,160730],{},[18,160729,2637],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160732,222,160733,160735,160736,7493],{},[18,160734,45097],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160737,7318],{},[14,160739,160740,160741,259],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[196,160742,3912,160744,3845],{"href":160743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160745,45097],{},[49,160747,160749,160750],{"id":160748},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160751,2637],{},[14,160753,160754],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[54,160756,160758],{"className":56,"code":160757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160759,160760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160773,160775,160777],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160763,3557],{"class":77},[63,160765,113],{"class":81},[63,160767,816],{"class":145},[63,160769,89],{"class":81},[63,160771,160772],{"class":145}," bases",[63,160774,89],{"class":81},[63,160776,9486],{"class":77},[63,160778,126],{"class":81},[14,160780,160781],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160783,2543],{},[54,160785,160787],{"className":56,"code":160786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160788,160789,160832,160836,160846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160790,160791,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160805,160807,160809,160812,160814,160816,160819,160821,160823,160825,160828,160830],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160792,160793],{"class":69},"Person ",[63,160795,74],{"class":73},[63,160797,49682],{"class":77},[63,160799,113],{"class":81},[63,160801,117],{"class":116},[63,160803,160804],{"class":120},"Person",[63,160806,117],{"class":116},[63,160808,89],{"class":81},[63,160810,160811],{"class":81}," (),",[63,160813,811],{"class":81},[63,160815,117],{"class":116},[63,160817,160818],{"class":120},"species",[63,160820,117],{"class":116},[63,160822,821],{"class":81},[63,160824,824],{"class":116},[63,160826,160827],{"class":120},"human",[63,160829,117],{"class":116},[63,160831,754],{"class":81},[63,160833,160834],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160835,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160837,160838,160840,160842,160844],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160839,140],{"class":139},[63,160841,113],{"class":81},[63,160843,160804],{"class":145},[63,160845,126],{"class":81},[63,160847,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160849,140],{"class":139},[63,160851,113],{"class":81},[63,160853,160804],{"class":145},[63,160855,259],{"class":81},[63,160857,160818],{"class":25042},[63,160859,126],{"class":81},[14,160861,163],{},[54,160863,160865],{"className":56,"code":160864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160866,160867,160882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160868,160869,160871,160873,160875,160878,160880],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160870,3626],{"class":73},[63,160872,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160874,203],{"class":116},[63,160876,160877],{"class":120},"__main__.Person",[63,160879,193],{"class":116},[63,160881,3638],{"class":73},[63,160883,160884],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160885,160886],{"class":69},"human\n",[14,160888,160889,160890,160892],{},"Most beginners do ",[1217,160891,4961],{}," need this form.",[14,160894,160895],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[49,160897,5292,160899],{"id":160898},"when-to-use-type",[18,160900,2637],{},[14,160902,160903,12751],{},[18,160904,2637],{},[29,160906,160907,160910,160913,160916],{},[32,160908,160909],{},"debug unexpected values",[32,160911,160912],{},"check what a conversion produced",[32,160914,160915],{},"learn Python data types",[32,160917,160918],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160920,5794],{},[54,160922,160924],{"className":56,"code":160923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160925,160926,160938,160952,160956,160970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160927,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160929,34981],{"class":69},[63,160931,74],{"class":73},[63,160933,824],{"class":116},[63,160935,50538],{"class":120},[63,160937,3694],{"class":116},[63,160939,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,160941,2553],{"class":69},[63,160943,74],{"class":73},[63,160945,45568],{"class":77},[63,160947,113],{"class":81},[63,160949,35002],{"class":145},[63,160951,126],{"class":81},[63,160953,160954],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,160955,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,160959,140],{"class":139},[63,160961,113],{"class":81},[63,160963,3557],{"class":77},[63,160965,113],{"class":81},[63,160967,35002],{"class":145},[63,160969,100],{"class":81},[63,160971,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980,160982],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,160973,140],{"class":139},[63,160975,113],{"class":81},[63,160977,3557],{"class":77},[63,160979,113],{"class":81},[63,160981,2575],{"class":145},[63,160983,100],{"class":81},[14,160985,163],{},[54,160987,160988],{"className":56,"code":125171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,160989,160990,161004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,160991,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,160993,3626],{"class":73},[63,160995,3629],{"class":2402},[63,160997,203],{"class":116},[63,160999,3779],{"class":120},[63,161001,193],{"class":116},[63,161003,3638],{"class":73},[63,161005,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161007,3626],{"class":73},[63,161009,3629],{"class":2402},[63,161011,203],{"class":116},[63,161013,1039],{"class":120},[63,161015,193],{"class":116},[63,161017,3638],{"class":73},[14,161019,161020],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,161022,161023,161024,2524,161028,17369,161032,161036],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[196,161025,161026],{"href":42465},[18,161027,47975],{},[196,161029,161030],{"href":3212},[18,161031,3215],{},[196,161033,161034],{"href":3218},[18,161035,3221],{}," are often the next step.",[49,161038,25649],{"id":25648},[14,161040,161041,161042,161044],{},"A few things about ",[18,161043,2637],{}," often confuse beginners.",[486,161046,161048,161051],{"id":161047},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,161049,161050],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161053,2087],{},[54,161055,161057],{"className":56,"code":161056,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(5))\n",[18,161058,161059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161060,161061,161063,161065,161067,161069,161071],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161062,140],{"class":139},[63,161064,113],{"class":81},[63,161066,3557],{"class":77},[63,161068,113],{"class":81},[63,161070,661],{"class":85},[63,161072,100],{"class":81},[14,161074,123014],{},[54,161076,161077],{"className":56,"code":156526,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,161078,161079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161080,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161082,3626],{"class":73},[63,161084,3629],{"class":2402},[63,161086,203],{"class":116},[63,161088,1039],{"class":120},[63,161090,193],{"class":116},[63,161092,3638],{"class":73},[14,161094,41196,161095,161097,161098,259],{},[1217,161096,4961],{}," print just ",[18,161099,1039],{},[14,161101,6997,161102,161104],{},[18,161103,2637],{}," returns a class object.",[486,161106,161108,2732,161110],{"id":161107},"input-returns-str",[18,161109,3294],{},[18,161111,3779],{},[14,161113,79639],{},[54,161115,161117],{"className":56,"code":161116,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,161118,161119,161137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161120,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161122,2782],{"class":69},[63,161124,74],{"class":73},[63,161126,8557],{"class":139},[63,161128,113],{"class":81},[63,161130,117],{"class":116},[63,161132,46601],{"class":120},[63,161134,117],{"class":116},[63,161136,126],{"class":81},[63,161138,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161140,140],{"class":139},[63,161142,113],{"class":81},[63,161144,3557],{"class":77},[63,161146,113],{"class":81},[63,161148,2807],{"class":145},[63,161150,100],{"class":81},[14,161152,161153],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161155,161156,161157,1725,161159,259],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,161158,3215],{},[18,161160,3221],{},[486,161162,161164],{"id":161163},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161166,161167],{},"Avoid code like this:",[54,161169,161171],{"className":56,"code":161170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,161172,161173,161181,161185,161211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161174,161175,161177,161179],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161176,2782],{"class":69},[63,161178,74],{"class":73},[63,161180,35136],{"class":85},[63,161182,161183],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161184,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,161186,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161188,7318],{"class":1155},[63,161190,49196],{"class":77},[63,161192,113],{"class":81},[63,161194,3557],{"class":77},[63,161196,113],{"class":81},[63,161198,2807],{"class":145},[63,161200,5683],{"class":81},[63,161202,6728],{"class":73},[63,161204,824],{"class":116},[63,161206,159905],{"class":120},[63,161208,117],{"class":116},[63,161210,6713],{"class":81},[63,161212,161213,161215,161217,161219,161222,161224],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,161214,8386],{"class":139},[63,161216,113],{"class":81},[63,161218,117],{"class":116},[63,161220,161221],{"class":120},"It is an int",[63,161223,117],{"class":116},[63,161225,126],{"class":81},[14,161227,161228],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161230,161231],{},"Better options:",[54,161233,161235],{"className":56,"code":161234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,161236,161237,161245,161249,161269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161238,161239,161241,161243],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161240,2782],{"class":69},[63,161242,74],{"class":73},[63,161244,35136],{"class":85},[63,161246,161247],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161248,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,161250,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161252,140],{"class":139},[63,161254,113],{"class":81},[63,161256,3557],{"class":77},[63,161258,113],{"class":81},[63,161260,2807],{"class":145},[63,161262,3997],{"class":81},[63,161264,6728],{"class":73},[63,161266,45568],{"class":77},[63,161268,126],{"class":81},[63,161270,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,161272,140],{"class":139},[63,161274,113],{"class":81},[63,161276,49167],{"class":139},[63,161278,113],{"class":81},[63,161280,2807],{"class":145},[63,161282,89],{"class":81},[63,161284,45568],{"class":77},[63,161286,100],{"class":81},[14,161288,163],{},[54,161290,161291],{"className":56,"code":4838,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,161292,161293,161297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161294,161295],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161296,4313],{"class":1205},[63,161298,161299],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161300,4313],{"class":1205},[14,161302,161303,161304,161306],{},"In most real code, ",[18,161305,45097],{}," is the more useful check.",[49,161308,3167],{"id":3166},[14,161310,15029,161311,821],{},[18,161312,2637],{},[29,161314,161315,161325,161334,161343],{},[32,161316,8733,161317,161319,161320,161324],{},[18,161318,2637],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[196,161321,161322],{"href":8534},[18,161323,3294],{}," always returns a string",[32,161326,8769,161327,161329,161330,11398,161332],{},[18,161328,2637],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,161331,1039],{},[18,161333,159905],{},[32,161335,8733,161336,44921,161339,161342],{},[18,161337,161338],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,161340,161341],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[32,161344,161345],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161347,161348,161349,259],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[196,161350,161352],{"href":161351},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161354,144680],{},[54,161356,161358],{"className":56,"code":161357,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,161359,161360,161374,161384,161398,161408],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161363,140],{"class":139},[63,161365,113],{"class":81},[63,161367,3557],{"class":77},[63,161369,113],{"class":81},[63,161371,2807],{"class":145},[63,161373,100],{"class":81},[63,161375,161376,161378,161380,161382],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161377,140],{"class":139},[63,161379,113],{"class":81},[63,161381,2807],{"class":145},[63,161383,126],{"class":81},[63,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161387,140],{"class":139},[63,161389,113],{"class":81},[63,161391,42069],{"class":139},[63,161393,113],{"class":81},[63,161395,2807],{"class":145},[63,161397,100],{"class":81},[63,161399,161400,161402,161404,161406],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,161401,32444],{"class":139},[63,161403,113],{"class":81},[63,161405,3557],{"class":77},[63,161407,126],{"class":81},[63,161409,161410,161412,161414,161416],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,161411,34665],{"class":139},[63,161413,113],{"class":81},[63,161415,2807],{"class":145},[63,161417,126],{"class":81},[14,161419,161420],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[49,161422,2165],{"id":2164},[486,161424,5469,161426,5472],{"id":161425},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,161427,2637],{},[14,161429,161430,161431,2524,161433,2524,161435,2528,161437,161439,161440,259],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,161432,3779],{},[18,161434,1039],{},[18,161436,276],{},[18,161438,9138],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,161441,159902],{},[486,161443,15199,161445,57486,161447,2827],{"id":161444},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,161446,2637],{},[18,161448,45097],{},[14,161450,46656,161451,161453,161454,161456],{},[18,161452,2637],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,161455,45097],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[486,161458,5485,161460,161463,161464,2827],{"id":161459},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,161461,161462],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,161465,3779],{},[14,161467,29352,161468,161470,161471,1725,161473,160564],{},[18,161469,3294],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,161472,3215],{},[18,161474,3221],{},[486,161476,5497,161478,161480],{"id":161477},"can-type-create-classes",[18,161479,2637],{}," create classes?",[14,161482,161483,161484,259],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,161485,161486],{},"type(object)",[49,161488,2219],{"id":2218},[29,161490,161491,161495,161501,161507,161511,161517,161523],{},[32,161492,161493],{},[196,161494,45089],{"href":49270},[32,161496,161497],{},[196,161498,3912,161499,3845],{"href":160743},[18,161500,45097],{},[32,161502,161503],{},[196,161504,3912,161505,3845],{"href":8534},[18,161506,3294],{},[32,161508,161509],{},[196,161510,9375],{"href":9297},[32,161512,161513],{},[196,161514,3912,161515,3845],{"href":3212},[18,161516,3215],{},[32,161518,161519],{},[196,161520,3912,161521,3845],{"href":3218},[18,161522,3221],{},[32,161524,161525],{},[196,161526,3912,161527,3845],{"href":42465},[18,161528,47975],{},[2259,161530,161531],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":161533},[161534,161535,161537,161538,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161554,161555,161565],{"id":3945,"depth":103,"text":3946},{"id":159908,"depth":103,"text":161536},"What the type() function does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":121982,"depth":103,"text":121983},{"id":160266,"depth":103,"text":161540},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160572,"depth":103,"text":161542},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160748,"depth":103,"text":161544},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160898,"depth":103,"text":161546},"When to use type()",{"id":25648,"depth":103,"text":25649,"children":161548},[161549,161551,161553],{"id":161047,"depth":129,"text":161550},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161107,"depth":129,"text":161552},"input() returns str",{"id":161163,"depth":129,"text":161164},{"id":3166,"depth":103,"text":3167},{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":161556},[161557,161559,161561,161563],{"id":161425,"depth":129,"text":161558},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161444,"depth":129,"text":161560},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161459,"depth":129,"text":161562},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161477,"depth":129,"text":161564},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159742,"description":161566},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161572,"title":161573,"body":161574,"description":164053,"extension":2300,"meta":164054,"navigation":132,"path":164055,"seo":164056,"stem":164057,"__hash__":164058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161575,"toc":164010},[161576,161581,161586,161595,161597,161697,161699,161724,161729,161734,161750,161753,161755,161757,161782,161785,161788,161871,161873,161922,161925,162047,162049,162122,162126,162129,162243,162245,162271,162273,162294,162299,162303,162308,162311,162415,162417,162434,162443,162446,162533,162535,162546,162551,162557,162562,162568,162571,162664,162666,162715,162721,162724,162825,162827,162880,162885,162889,162892,162991,162993,163032,163035,163040,163042,163047,163051,163164,163168,163265,163269,163357,163359,163376,163380,163503,163509,163515,163521,163526,163529,163556,163560,163562,163656,163659,163663,163666,163753,163756,163791,163793,163830,163833,163841,163846,163851,163925,163932,163934,163939,163942,163948,163951,163957,163962,163968,163973,163977,163980,163982,164007],[10,161577,3912,161579,3916],{"id":161578},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161580,1736],{},[14,161582,161583,161585],{},[18,161584,1736],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161587,161588,161589,161591,161592,161594],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161590,1736],{}," inside a ",[18,161593,6277],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[49,161596,52],{"id":51},[54,161598,161600],{"className":56,"code":161599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161601,161602,161634,161654,161658,161683],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161603,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161605,1755],{"class":69},[63,161607,74],{"class":73},[63,161609,1091],{"class":81},[63,161611,117],{"class":116},[63,161613,827],{"class":120},[63,161615,117],{"class":116},[63,161617,89],{"class":81},[63,161619,824],{"class":116},[63,161621,1772],{"class":120},[63,161623,117],{"class":116},[63,161625,89],{"class":81},[63,161627,824],{"class":116},[63,161629,36244],{"class":120},[63,161631,117],{"class":116},[63,161633,186],{"class":81},[63,161635,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161637,1781],{"class":69},[63,161639,74],{"class":73},[63,161641,1091],{"class":81},[63,161643,1788],{"class":85},[63,161645,89],{"class":81},[63,161647,1793],{"class":85},[63,161649,89],{"class":81},[63,161651,29211],{"class":85},[63,161653,186],{"class":81},[63,161655,161656],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161657,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,161659,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,161661,6277],{"class":1155},[63,161663,36286],{"class":69},[63,161665,89],{"class":81},[63,161667,5434],{"class":69},[63,161669,4217],{"class":1155},[63,161671,161672],{"class":139}," zip",[63,161674,113],{"class":81},[63,161676,1818],{"class":145},[63,161678,89],{"class":81},[63,161680,1823],{"class":145},[63,161682,8657],{"class":81},[63,161684,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,161686,8386],{"class":139},[63,161688,113],{"class":81},[63,161690,816],{"class":145},[63,161692,89],{"class":81},[63,161694,130960],{"class":145},[63,161696,126],{"class":81},[14,161698,163],{},[54,161700,161702],{"className":56,"code":161701,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161703,161704,161710,161717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161705,161706,161708],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161707,133979],{"class":69},[63,161709,33428],{"class":85},[63,161711,161712,161715],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161713,161714],{"class":69},"Ben ",[63,161716,33433],{"class":85},[63,161718,161719,161722],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161720,161721],{"class":69},"Cara ",[63,161723,33438],{"class":85},[14,161725,222,161726,161728],{},[18,161727,1736],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[49,161730,4014,161732,4017],{"id":161731},"what-zip-does",[18,161733,1736],{},[29,161735,161736,161741,161744,161747],{},[32,161737,161738,161740],{},[18,161739,1736],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[32,161742,161743],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[32,161745,161746],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[32,161748,161749],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161751,161752],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[49,161754,263],{"id":262},[14,161756,7539],{},[54,161758,161760],{"className":56,"code":161759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161761,161762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161763,161764,161766,161768,161771,161773,161776,161778,161780],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161765,1813],{"class":139},[63,161767,113],{"class":81},[63,161769,161770],{"class":145},"iterable1",[63,161772,89],{"class":81},[63,161774,161775],{"class":145}," iterable2",[63,161777,89],{"class":81},[63,161779,34747],{"class":139},[63,161781,126],{"class":81},[14,161783,161784],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161786,161787],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[54,161789,161791],{"className":56,"code":161790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161792,161793,161813,161845,161849],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161794,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161796,70],{"class":69},[63,161798,74],{"class":73},[63,161800,1091],{"class":81},[63,161802,86],{"class":85},[63,161804,89],{"class":81},[63,161806,92],{"class":85},[63,161808,89],{"class":81},[63,161810,97],{"class":85},[63,161812,186],{"class":81},[63,161814,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161816,106],{"class":69},[63,161818,74],{"class":73},[63,161820,1091],{"class":81},[63,161822,117],{"class":116},[63,161824,196],{"class":120},[63,161826,117],{"class":116},[63,161828,89],{"class":81},[63,161830,824],{"class":116},[63,161832,206],{"class":120},[63,161834,117],{"class":116},[63,161836,89],{"class":81},[63,161838,824],{"class":116},[63,161840,215],{"class":120},[63,161842,117],{"class":116},[63,161844,186],{"class":81},[63,161846,161847],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161848,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,161850,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,161852,140],{"class":139},[63,161854,113],{"class":81},[63,161856,276],{"class":77},[63,161858,113],{"class":81},[63,161860,1813],{"class":139},[63,161862,113],{"class":81},[63,161864,146],{"class":145},[63,161866,89],{"class":81},[63,161868,70193],{"class":145},[63,161870,1965],{"class":81},[14,161872,163],{},[54,161874,161876],{"className":56,"code":161875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161877,161878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161879,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161881,1667],{"class":81},[63,161883,86],{"class":85},[63,161885,89],{"class":81},[63,161887,203],{"class":116},[63,161889,196],{"class":120},[63,161891,193],{"class":116},[63,161893,1684],{"class":81},[63,161895,1687],{"class":81},[63,161897,2394],{"class":85},[63,161899,89],{"class":81},[63,161901,203],{"class":116},[63,161903,206],{"class":120},[63,161905,193],{"class":116},[63,161907,1684],{"class":81},[63,161909,1687],{"class":81},[63,161911,1248],{"class":85},[63,161913,89],{"class":81},[63,161915,203],{"class":116},[63,161917,215],{"class":120},[63,161919,193],{"class":116},[63,161921,1704],{"class":81},[14,161923,161924],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[54,161926,161928],{"className":56,"code":161927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161929,161930,161962,161982,162016,162020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,161931,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,161933,1755],{"class":69},[63,161935,74],{"class":73},[63,161937,1091],{"class":81},[63,161939,117],{"class":116},[63,161941,827],{"class":120},[63,161943,117],{"class":116},[63,161945,89],{"class":81},[63,161947,824],{"class":116},[63,161949,1772],{"class":120},[63,161951,117],{"class":116},[63,161953,89],{"class":81},[63,161955,824],{"class":116},[63,161957,36244],{"class":120},[63,161959,117],{"class":116},[63,161961,186],{"class":81},[63,161963,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,161965,1781],{"class":69},[63,161967,74],{"class":73},[63,161969,1091],{"class":81},[63,161971,1788],{"class":85},[63,161973,89],{"class":81},[63,161975,1793],{"class":85},[63,161977,89],{"class":81},[63,161979,29211],{"class":85},[63,161981,186],{"class":81},[63,161983,161984,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162012,162014],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,161985,161986],{"class":69},"grades ",[63,161988,74],{"class":73},[63,161990,1091],{"class":81},[63,161992,117],{"class":116},[63,161994,1447],{"class":120},[63,161996,117],{"class":116},[63,161998,89],{"class":81},[63,162000,824],{"class":116},[63,162002,30891],{"class":120},[63,162004,117],{"class":116},[63,162006,89],{"class":81},[63,162008,824],{"class":116},[63,162010,162011],{"class":120},"B+",[63,162013,117],{"class":116},[63,162015,186],{"class":81},[63,162017,162018],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162019,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162021,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162045],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162023,140],{"class":139},[63,162025,113],{"class":81},[63,162027,276],{"class":77},[63,162029,113],{"class":81},[63,162031,1813],{"class":139},[63,162033,113],{"class":81},[63,162035,1818],{"class":145},[63,162037,89],{"class":81},[63,162039,1823],{"class":145},[63,162041,89],{"class":81},[63,162043,162044],{"class":145}," grades",[63,162046,1965],{"class":81},[14,162048,163],{},[54,162050,162052],{"className":56,"code":162051,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,162053,162054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162055,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162057,1667],{"class":81},[63,162059,193],{"class":116},[63,162061,827],{"class":120},[63,162063,193],{"class":116},[63,162065,89],{"class":81},[63,162067,1858],{"class":85},[63,162069,89],{"class":81},[63,162071,203],{"class":116},[63,162073,1447],{"class":120},[63,162075,193],{"class":116},[63,162077,1684],{"class":81},[63,162079,1687],{"class":81},[63,162081,193],{"class":116},[63,162083,1772],{"class":120},[63,162085,193],{"class":116},[63,162087,89],{"class":81},[63,162089,1793],{"class":85},[63,162091,89],{"class":81},[63,162093,203],{"class":116},[63,162095,30891],{"class":120},[63,162097,193],{"class":116},[63,162099,1684],{"class":81},[63,162101,1687],{"class":81},[63,162103,193],{"class":116},[63,162105,36244],{"class":120},[63,162107,193],{"class":116},[63,162109,89],{"class":81},[63,162111,29211],{"class":85},[63,162113,89],{"class":81},[63,162115,203],{"class":116},[63,162117,162011],{"class":120},[63,162119,193],{"class":116},[63,162121,1704],{"class":81},[49,162123,162125],{"id":162124},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162127,162128],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[54,162130,162132],{"className":56,"code":162131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,162133,162134,162166,162186,162190,162214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162135,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162137,1755],{"class":69},[63,162139,74],{"class":73},[63,162141,1091],{"class":81},[63,162143,117],{"class":116},[63,162145,827],{"class":120},[63,162147,117],{"class":116},[63,162149,89],{"class":81},[63,162151,824],{"class":116},[63,162153,1772],{"class":120},[63,162155,117],{"class":116},[63,162157,89],{"class":81},[63,162159,824],{"class":116},[63,162161,36244],{"class":120},[63,162163,117],{"class":116},[63,162165,186],{"class":81},[63,162167,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162169,1781],{"class":69},[63,162171,74],{"class":73},[63,162173,1091],{"class":81},[63,162175,1788],{"class":85},[63,162177,89],{"class":81},[63,162179,1793],{"class":85},[63,162181,89],{"class":81},[63,162183,29211],{"class":85},[63,162185,186],{"class":81},[63,162187,162188],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162189,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162191,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162193,6277],{"class":1155},[63,162195,36286],{"class":69},[63,162197,89],{"class":81},[63,162199,5434],{"class":69},[63,162201,4217],{"class":1155},[63,162203,161672],{"class":139},[63,162205,113],{"class":81},[63,162207,1818],{"class":145},[63,162209,89],{"class":81},[63,162211,1823],{"class":145},[63,162213,8657],{"class":81},[63,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162217,8386],{"class":139},[63,162219,113],{"class":81},[63,162221,22587],{"class":2402},[63,162223,117],{"class":120},[63,162225,9588],{"class":85},[63,162227,816],{"class":145},[63,162229,22596],{"class":85},[63,162231,162232],{"class":120}," scored ",[63,162234,9588],{"class":85},[63,162236,85617],{"class":145},[63,162238,22596],{"class":85},[63,162240,117],{"class":120},[63,162242,126],{"class":81},[14,162244,163],{},[54,162246,162248],{"className":56,"code":162247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,162249,162250,162257,162264],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162251,162252,162255],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162253,162254],{"class":69},"Ana scored ",[63,162256,33428],{"class":85},[63,162258,162259,162262],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162260,162261],{"class":69},"Ben scored ",[63,162263,33433],{"class":85},[63,162265,162266,162269],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162267,162268],{"class":69},"Cara scored ",[63,162270,33438],{"class":85},[14,162272,45222],{},[29,162274,162275,162284,162287],{},[32,162276,162277,162280,162281],{},[18,162278,162279],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,162282,162283],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[32,162285,162286],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[32,162288,162289,4726,162291,162293],{},[18,162290,816],{},[18,162292,85617],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162295,162296,162297,259],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[196,162298,69710],{"href":69709},[49,162300,162302],{"id":162301},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162304,162305,162307],{},[18,162306,1736],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162309,162310],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[54,162312,162314],{"className":56,"code":162313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,162315,162316,162357,162373,162377,162401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162317,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162353,162355],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162319,1755],{"class":69},[63,162321,74],{"class":73},[63,162323,1091],{"class":81},[63,162325,117],{"class":116},[63,162327,827],{"class":120},[63,162329,117],{"class":116},[63,162331,89],{"class":81},[63,162333,824],{"class":116},[63,162335,1772],{"class":120},[63,162337,117],{"class":116},[63,162339,89],{"class":81},[63,162341,824],{"class":116},[63,162343,36244],{"class":120},[63,162345,117],{"class":116},[63,162347,89],{"class":81},[63,162349,824],{"class":116},[63,162351,162352],{"class":120},"Dan",[63,162354,117],{"class":116},[63,162356,186],{"class":81},[63,162358,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162360,1781],{"class":69},[63,162362,74],{"class":73},[63,162364,1091],{"class":81},[63,162366,1788],{"class":85},[63,162368,89],{"class":81},[63,162370,1793],{"class":85},[63,162372,186],{"class":81},[63,162374,162375],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162376,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162378,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162380,6277],{"class":1155},[63,162382,36286],{"class":69},[63,162384,89],{"class":81},[63,162386,5434],{"class":69},[63,162388,4217],{"class":1155},[63,162390,161672],{"class":139},[63,162392,113],{"class":81},[63,162394,1818],{"class":145},[63,162396,89],{"class":81},[63,162398,1823],{"class":145},[63,162400,8657],{"class":81},[63,162402,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162404,8386],{"class":139},[63,162406,113],{"class":81},[63,162408,816],{"class":145},[63,162410,89],{"class":81},[63,162412,130960],{"class":145},[63,162414,126],{"class":81},[14,162416,163],{},[54,162418,162420],{"className":56,"code":162419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,162421,162422,162428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162423,162424,162426],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162425,133979],{"class":69},[63,162427,33428],{"class":85},[63,162429,162430,162432],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162431,161714],{"class":69},[63,162433,33433],{"class":85},[14,162435,2621,162436,4726,162439,162442],{},[18,162437,162438],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,162440,162441],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162444,162445],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[54,162447,162449],{"className":56,"code":162448,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,162450,162451,162491,162507,162511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162452,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162454,1755],{"class":69},[63,162456,74],{"class":73},[63,162458,1091],{"class":81},[63,162460,117],{"class":116},[63,162462,827],{"class":120},[63,162464,117],{"class":116},[63,162466,89],{"class":81},[63,162468,824],{"class":116},[63,162470,1772],{"class":120},[63,162472,117],{"class":116},[63,162474,89],{"class":81},[63,162476,824],{"class":116},[63,162478,36244],{"class":120},[63,162480,117],{"class":116},[63,162482,89],{"class":81},[63,162484,824],{"class":116},[63,162486,162352],{"class":120},[63,162488,117],{"class":116},[63,162490,186],{"class":81},[63,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162494,1781],{"class":69},[63,162496,74],{"class":73},[63,162498,1091],{"class":81},[63,162500,1788],{"class":85},[63,162502,89],{"class":81},[63,162504,1793],{"class":85},[63,162506,186],{"class":81},[63,162508,162509],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162510,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162512,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162514,140],{"class":139},[63,162516,113],{"class":81},[63,162518,11468],{"class":139},[63,162520,113],{"class":81},[63,162522,1818],{"class":145},[63,162524,1684],{"class":81},[63,162526,38676],{"class":139},[63,162528,113],{"class":81},[63,162530,16686],{"class":145},[63,162532,100],{"class":81},[14,162534,163],{},[54,162536,162538],{"className":56,"code":162537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4 2\n",[18,162539,162540],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162541,162542,162544],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162543,2840],{"class":85},[63,162545,45881],{"class":85},[14,162547,162548,162549,259],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,162550,1736],{},[49,162552,92208,162554,162556],{"id":162553},"converting-zip-output",[18,162555,1736],{}," output",[14,162558,29352,162559,162561],{},[18,162560,1736],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[486,162563,222,162565],{"id":162564},"use-listzip",[18,162566,162567],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162569,162570],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[54,162572,162574],{"className":56,"code":162573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162575,162576,162608,162628,162632,162654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162577,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162579,1755],{"class":69},[63,162581,74],{"class":73},[63,162583,1091],{"class":81},[63,162585,117],{"class":116},[63,162587,827],{"class":120},[63,162589,117],{"class":116},[63,162591,89],{"class":81},[63,162593,824],{"class":116},[63,162595,1772],{"class":120},[63,162597,117],{"class":116},[63,162599,89],{"class":81},[63,162601,824],{"class":116},[63,162603,36244],{"class":120},[63,162605,117],{"class":116},[63,162607,186],{"class":81},[63,162609,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162611,1781],{"class":69},[63,162613,74],{"class":73},[63,162615,1091],{"class":81},[63,162617,1788],{"class":85},[63,162619,89],{"class":81},[63,162621,1793],{"class":85},[63,162623,89],{"class":81},[63,162625,29211],{"class":85},[63,162627,186],{"class":81},[63,162629,162630],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162631,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162633,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162635,1804],{"class":69},[63,162637,74],{"class":73},[63,162639,78],{"class":77},[63,162641,113],{"class":81},[63,162643,1813],{"class":139},[63,162645,113],{"class":81},[63,162647,1818],{"class":145},[63,162649,89],{"class":81},[63,162651,1823],{"class":145},[63,162653,100],{"class":81},[63,162655,162656,162658,162660,162662],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162657,140],{"class":139},[63,162659,113],{"class":81},[63,162661,1834],{"class":145},[63,162663,126],{"class":81},[14,162665,163],{},[54,162667,162669],{"className":56,"code":162668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162670,162671],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162672,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162674,1667],{"class":81},[63,162676,193],{"class":116},[63,162678,827],{"class":120},[63,162680,193],{"class":116},[63,162682,89],{"class":81},[63,162684,1858],{"class":85},[63,162686,1684],{"class":81},[63,162688,1687],{"class":81},[63,162690,193],{"class":116},[63,162692,1772],{"class":120},[63,162694,193],{"class":116},[63,162696,89],{"class":81},[63,162698,1793],{"class":85},[63,162700,1684],{"class":81},[63,162702,1687],{"class":81},[63,162704,193],{"class":116},[63,162706,36244],{"class":120},[63,162708,193],{"class":116},[63,162710,89],{"class":81},[63,162712,29211],{"class":85},[63,162714,1704],{"class":81},[486,162716,222,162718],{"id":162717},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162719,162720],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162722,162723],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[54,162725,162727],{"className":56,"code":162726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162728,162729,162761,162789,162793,162815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162730,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162732,17539],{"class":69},[63,162734,74],{"class":73},[63,162736,1091],{"class":81},[63,162738,117],{"class":116},[63,162740,816],{"class":120},[63,162742,117],{"class":116},[63,162744,89],{"class":81},[63,162746,824],{"class":116},[63,162748,836],{"class":120},[63,162750,117],{"class":116},[63,162752,89],{"class":81},[63,162754,824],{"class":116},[63,162756,10715],{"class":120},[63,162758,117],{"class":116},[63,162760,186],{"class":81},[63,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162764,731],{"class":69},[63,162766,74],{"class":73},[63,162768,1091],{"class":81},[63,162770,117],{"class":116},[63,162772,827],{"class":120},[63,162774,117],{"class":116},[63,162776,89],{"class":81},[63,162778,843],{"class":85},[63,162780,89],{"class":81},[63,162782,824],{"class":116},[63,162784,16328],{"class":120},[63,162786,117],{"class":116},[63,162788,186],{"class":81},[63,162790,162791],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162792,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162796,806],{"class":69},[63,162798,74],{"class":73},[63,162800,9486],{"class":77},[63,162802,113],{"class":81},[63,162804,1813],{"class":139},[63,162806,113],{"class":81},[63,162808,17221],{"class":145},[63,162810,89],{"class":81},[63,162812,4220],{"class":145},[63,162814,100],{"class":81},[63,162816,162817,162819,162821,162823],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162818,140],{"class":139},[63,162820,113],{"class":81},[63,162822,860],{"class":145},[63,162824,126],{"class":81},[14,162826,163],{},[54,162828,162830],{"className":56,"code":162829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162831,162832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162833,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162835,9588],{"class":81},[63,162837,193],{"class":116},[63,162839,816],{"class":120},[63,162841,193],{"class":116},[63,162843,821],{"class":81},[63,162845,203],{"class":116},[63,162847,827],{"class":120},[63,162849,193],{"class":116},[63,162851,89],{"class":81},[63,162853,203],{"class":116},[63,162855,836],{"class":120},[63,162857,193],{"class":116},[63,162859,821],{"class":81},[63,162861,843],{"class":85},[63,162863,89],{"class":81},[63,162865,203],{"class":116},[63,162867,10715],{"class":120},[63,162869,193],{"class":116},[63,162871,821],{"class":81},[63,162873,203],{"class":116},[63,162875,16328],{"class":120},[63,162877,193],{"class":116},[63,162879,846],{"class":81},[14,162881,162882,162883,259],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[196,162884,31378],{"href":31377},[486,162886,162888],{"id":162887},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162890,162891],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[54,162893,162895],{"className":56,"code":162894,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162896,162897,162921,162937,162941,162959,162963,162977],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162898,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,162900,1755],{"class":69},[63,162902,74],{"class":73},[63,162904,1091],{"class":81},[63,162906,117],{"class":116},[63,162908,827],{"class":120},[63,162910,117],{"class":116},[63,162912,89],{"class":81},[63,162914,824],{"class":116},[63,162916,1772],{"class":120},[63,162918,117],{"class":116},[63,162920,186],{"class":81},[63,162922,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,162924,1781],{"class":69},[63,162926,74],{"class":73},[63,162928,1091],{"class":81},[63,162930,1788],{"class":85},[63,162932,89],{"class":81},[63,162934,1793],{"class":85},[63,162936,186],{"class":81},[63,162938,162939],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,162940,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162942,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,162944,1804],{"class":69},[63,162946,74],{"class":73},[63,162948,161672],{"class":139},[63,162950,113],{"class":81},[63,162952,1818],{"class":145},[63,162954,89],{"class":81},[63,162956,1823],{"class":145},[63,162958,126],{"class":81},[63,162960,162961],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,162962,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,162966,140],{"class":139},[63,162968,113],{"class":81},[63,162970,276],{"class":77},[63,162972,113],{"class":81},[63,162974,1834],{"class":145},[63,162976,100],{"class":81},[63,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,162980,140],{"class":139},[63,162982,113],{"class":81},[63,162984,276],{"class":77},[63,162986,113],{"class":81},[63,162988,1834],{"class":145},[63,162990,100],{"class":81},[14,162992,163],{},[54,162994,162996],{"className":56,"code":162995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162997,162998,163028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,162999,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163001,1667],{"class":81},[63,163003,193],{"class":116},[63,163005,827],{"class":120},[63,163007,193],{"class":116},[63,163009,89],{"class":81},[63,163011,1858],{"class":85},[63,163013,1684],{"class":81},[63,163015,1687],{"class":81},[63,163017,193],{"class":116},[63,163019,1772],{"class":120},[63,163021,193],{"class":116},[63,163023,89],{"class":81},[63,163025,1793],{"class":85},[63,163027,1704],{"class":81},[63,163029,163030],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163031,364],{"class":81},[14,163033,163034],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163036,163037,163038,259],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[196,163039,1060],{"href":1059},[49,163041,41336],{"id":41335},[14,163043,163044,163045,259],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,163046,1736],{},[486,163048,163050],{"id":163049},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[54,163052,163054],{"className":56,"code":163053,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,163055,163056,163088,163108,163112,163136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163057,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163059,1755],{"class":69},[63,163061,74],{"class":73},[63,163063,1091],{"class":81},[63,163065,117],{"class":116},[63,163067,827],{"class":120},[63,163069,117],{"class":116},[63,163071,89],{"class":81},[63,163073,824],{"class":116},[63,163075,1772],{"class":120},[63,163077,117],{"class":116},[63,163079,89],{"class":81},[63,163081,824],{"class":116},[63,163083,36244],{"class":120},[63,163085,117],{"class":116},[63,163087,186],{"class":81},[63,163089,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163091,1781],{"class":69},[63,163093,74],{"class":73},[63,163095,1091],{"class":81},[63,163097,1788],{"class":85},[63,163099,89],{"class":81},[63,163101,1793],{"class":85},[63,163103,89],{"class":81},[63,163105,29211],{"class":85},[63,163107,186],{"class":81},[63,163109,163110],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163111,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163115,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163117,36286],{"class":69},[63,163119,89],{"class":81},[63,163121,5434],{"class":69},[63,163123,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163125,161672],{"class":139},[63,163127,113],{"class":81},[63,163129,1818],{"class":145},[63,163131,89],{"class":81},[63,163133,1823],{"class":145},[63,163135,8657],{"class":81},[63,163137,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163139,8386],{"class":139},[63,163141,113],{"class":81},[63,163143,22587],{"class":2402},[63,163145,117],{"class":120},[63,163147,9588],{"class":85},[63,163149,816],{"class":145},[63,163151,22596],{"class":85},[63,163153,22599],{"class":120},[63,163155,9588],{"class":85},[63,163157,85617],{"class":145},[63,163159,22596],{"class":85},[63,163161,117],{"class":120},[63,163163,126],{"class":81},[486,163165,163167],{"id":163166},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[54,163169,163171],{"className":56,"code":163170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,163172,163173,163205,163229,163233,163255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163174,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163176,17539],{"class":69},[63,163178,74],{"class":73},[63,163180,1091],{"class":81},[63,163182,117],{"class":116},[63,163184,12956],{"class":120},[63,163186,117],{"class":116},[63,163188,89],{"class":81},[63,163190,824],{"class":116},[63,163192,816],{"class":120},[63,163194,117],{"class":116},[63,163196,89],{"class":81},[63,163198,824],{"class":116},[63,163200,16118],{"class":120},[63,163202,117],{"class":116},[63,163204,186],{"class":81},[63,163206,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163208,731],{"class":69},[63,163210,74],{"class":73},[63,163212,1091],{"class":81},[63,163214,46883],{"class":85},[63,163216,89],{"class":81},[63,163218,824],{"class":116},[63,163220,827],{"class":120},[63,163222,117],{"class":116},[63,163224,89],{"class":81},[63,163226,4249],{"class":1205},[63,163228,186],{"class":81},[63,163230,163231],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163232,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163234,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163236,2097],{"class":69},[63,163238,74],{"class":73},[63,163240,9486],{"class":77},[63,163242,113],{"class":81},[63,163244,1813],{"class":139},[63,163246,113],{"class":81},[63,163248,17221],{"class":145},[63,163250,89],{"class":81},[63,163252,4220],{"class":145},[63,163254,100],{"class":81},[63,163256,163257,163259,163261,163263],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163258,140],{"class":139},[63,163260,113],{"class":81},[63,163262,2138],{"class":145},[63,163264,126],{"class":81},[486,163266,163268],{"id":163267},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[54,163270,163272],{"className":56,"code":163271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,163273,163274,163294,163314,163318,163343],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163275,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163277,80755],{"class":69},[63,163279,74],{"class":73},[63,163281,1091],{"class":81},[63,163283,741],{"class":85},[63,163285,89],{"class":81},[63,163287,746],{"class":85},[63,163289,89],{"class":81},[63,163291,751],{"class":85},[63,163293,186],{"class":81},[63,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163297,80776],{"class":69},[63,163299,74],{"class":73},[63,163301,1091],{"class":81},[63,163303,741],{"class":85},[63,163305,89],{"class":81},[63,163307,843],{"class":85},[63,163309,89],{"class":81},[63,163311,751],{"class":85},[63,163313,186],{"class":81},[63,163315,163316],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163317,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163321,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163323,57168],{"class":69},[63,163325,89],{"class":81},[63,163327,163328],{"class":69}," b ",[63,163330,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163332,161672],{"class":139},[63,163334,113],{"class":81},[63,163336,111847],{"class":145},[63,163338,89],{"class":81},[63,163340,80819],{"class":145},[63,163342,8657],{"class":81},[63,163344,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163346,8386],{"class":139},[63,163348,113],{"class":81},[63,163350,2890],{"class":145},[63,163352,5019],{"class":73},[63,163354,2895],{"class":145},[63,163356,126],{"class":81},[14,163358,163],{},[54,163360,163362],{"className":56,"code":163361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,163363,163364,163368,163372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163365,163366],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163367,4313],{"class":1205},[63,163369,163370],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163371,1206],{"class":1205},[63,163373,163374],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163375,4313],{"class":1205},[486,163377,163379],{"id":163378},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[54,163381,163383],{"className":56,"code":163382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,163384,163385,163420,163443,163447,163474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163386,163387,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163407,163409,163411,163413,163416,163418],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163388,163389],{"class":69},"products ",[63,163391,74],{"class":73},[63,163393,1091],{"class":81},[63,163395,117],{"class":116},[63,163397,25432],{"class":120},[63,163399,117],{"class":116},[63,163401,89],{"class":81},[63,163403,824],{"class":116},[63,163405,163406],{"class":120},"Pen",[63,163408,117],{"class":116},[63,163410,89],{"class":81},[63,163412,824],{"class":116},[63,163414,163415],{"class":120},"Bag",[63,163417,117],{"class":116},[63,163419,186],{"class":81},[63,163421,163422,163424,163426,163428,163431,163433,163436,163438,163441],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163423,83145],{"class":69},[63,163425,74],{"class":73},[63,163427,1091],{"class":81},[63,163429,163430],{"class":85},"12.5",[63,163432,89],{"class":81},[63,163434,163435],{"class":85}," 1.2",[63,163437,89],{"class":81},[63,163439,163440],{"class":85}," 25.0",[63,163442,186],{"class":81},[63,163444,163445],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163446,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163448,163449,163451,163453,163455,163458,163460,163462,163464,163467,163469,163472],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163450,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163452,25493],{"class":69},[63,163454,89],{"class":81},[63,163456,163457],{"class":69}," price ",[63,163459,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163461,161672],{"class":139},[63,163463,113],{"class":81},[63,163465,163466],{"class":145},"products",[63,163468,89],{"class":81},[63,163470,163471],{"class":145}," prices",[63,163473,8657],{"class":81},[63,163475,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163477,8386],{"class":139},[63,163479,113],{"class":81},[63,163481,22587],{"class":2402},[63,163483,117],{"class":120},[63,163485,9588],{"class":85},[63,163487,27299],{"class":145},[63,163489,22596],{"class":85},[63,163491,163492],{"class":120}," costs $",[63,163494,9588],{"class":85},[63,163496,25441],{"class":145},[63,163498,22596],{"class":85},[63,163500,117],{"class":120},[63,163502,126],{"class":81},[14,163504,36892,163505,259],{},[196,163506,163508],{"href":163507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[49,163510,163512,163513],{"id":163511},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,163514,1736],{},[486,163516,8769,163518,163520],{"id":163517},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,163519,1736],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163522,163523,163525],{},[18,163524,1736],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163527,163528],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[54,163530,163532],{"className":56,"code":163531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,163533,163534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163535,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163537,140],{"class":139},[63,163539,113],{"class":81},[63,163541,11468],{"class":139},[63,163543,113],{"class":81},[63,163545,111847],{"class":145},[63,163547,1684],{"class":81},[63,163549,38676],{"class":139},[63,163551,113],{"class":81},[63,163553,81042],{"class":145},[63,163555,100],{"class":81},[486,163557,163559],{"id":163558},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163561,68933],{},[54,163563,163565],{"className":56,"code":163564,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,163566,163567,163603,163607,163620,163630,163634,163646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163568,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163570,1804],{"class":69},[63,163572,74],{"class":73},[63,163574,161672],{"class":139},[63,163576,2071],{"class":81},[63,163578,86],{"class":85},[63,163580,89],{"class":81},[63,163582,92],{"class":85},[63,163584,1243],{"class":81},[63,163586,1091],{"class":81},[63,163588,117],{"class":116},[63,163590,196],{"class":120},[63,163592,117],{"class":116},[63,163594,89],{"class":81},[63,163596,824],{"class":116},[63,163598,206],{"class":120},[63,163600,117],{"class":116},[63,163602,2080],{"class":81},[63,163604,163605],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163606,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163608,163609,163611,163613,163615,163618],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163610,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163612,6280],{"class":69},[63,163614,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163616,163617],{"class":69}," pairs",[63,163619,6713],{"class":81},[63,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163623,8386],{"class":139},[63,163625,113],{"class":81},[63,163627,23603],{"class":145},[63,163629,126],{"class":81},[63,163631,163632],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163633,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163635,163636,163638,163640,163642,163644],{"class":65,"line":438},[63,163637,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163639,6280],{"class":69},[63,163641,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163643,163617],{"class":69},[63,163645,6713],{"class":81},[63,163647,163648,163650,163652,163654],{"class":65,"line":1310},[63,163649,8386],{"class":139},[63,163651,113],{"class":81},[63,163653,23603],{"class":145},[63,163655,126],{"class":81},[14,163657,163658],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[486,163660,163662],{"id":163661},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163664,163665],{},"This is correct:",[54,163667,163669],{"className":56,"code":163668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163670,163671,163695,163711,163715,163739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163672,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163674,1755],{"class":69},[63,163676,74],{"class":73},[63,163678,1091],{"class":81},[63,163680,117],{"class":116},[63,163682,827],{"class":120},[63,163684,117],{"class":116},[63,163686,89],{"class":81},[63,163688,824],{"class":116},[63,163690,1772],{"class":120},[63,163692,117],{"class":116},[63,163694,186],{"class":81},[63,163696,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163698,1781],{"class":69},[63,163700,74],{"class":73},[63,163702,1091],{"class":81},[63,163704,1788],{"class":85},[63,163706,89],{"class":81},[63,163708,1793],{"class":85},[63,163710,186],{"class":81},[63,163712,163713],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163714,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163716,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163718,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163720,36286],{"class":69},[63,163722,89],{"class":81},[63,163724,5434],{"class":69},[63,163726,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163728,161672],{"class":139},[63,163730,113],{"class":81},[63,163732,1818],{"class":145},[63,163734,89],{"class":81},[63,163736,1823],{"class":145},[63,163738,8657],{"class":81},[63,163740,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751],{"class":65,"line":151},[63,163742,8386],{"class":139},[63,163744,113],{"class":81},[63,163746,816],{"class":145},[63,163748,89],{"class":81},[63,163750,130960],{"class":145},[63,163752,126],{"class":81},[14,163754,163755],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[54,163757,163759],{"className":56,"code":163758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163760,163761,163781],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163762,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163764,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163766,6280],{"class":69},[63,163768,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163770,161672],{"class":139},[63,163772,113],{"class":81},[63,163774,1818],{"class":145},[63,163776,89],{"class":81},[63,163778,1823],{"class":145},[63,163780,8657],{"class":81},[63,163782,163783,163785,163787,163789],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163784,8386],{"class":139},[63,163786,113],{"class":81},[63,163788,23603],{"class":145},[63,163790,126],{"class":81},[14,163792,163],{},[54,163794,163796],{"className":56,"code":163795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163797,163798,163814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163799,163800,163802,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163801,113],{"class":81},[63,163803,193],{"class":116},[63,163805,827],{"class":120},[63,163807,193],{"class":116},[63,163809,89],{"class":81},[63,163811,1858],{"class":85},[63,163813,126],{"class":81},[63,163815,163816,163818,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163817,113],{"class":81},[63,163819,193],{"class":116},[63,163821,1772],{"class":120},[63,163823,193],{"class":116},[63,163825,89],{"class":81},[63,163827,1793],{"class":85},[63,163829,126],{"class":81},[14,163831,163832],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[486,163834,8733,163836,163838,163839],{"id":163835},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163837,1736],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163840,36044],{},[14,163842,222,163843,163845],{},[18,163844,1736],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163847,222,163848,163850],{},[18,163849,36044],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[54,163852,163853],{"className":56,"code":36213,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[18,163854,163855,163887,163891,163911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[63,163856,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885],{"class":65,"line":66},[63,163858,1755],{"class":69},[63,163860,74],{"class":73},[63,163862,1091],{"class":81},[63,163864,117],{"class":116},[63,163866,827],{"class":120},[63,163868,117],{"class":116},[63,163870,89],{"class":81},[63,163872,824],{"class":116},[63,163874,1772],{"class":120},[63,163876,117],{"class":116},[63,163878,89],{"class":81},[63,163880,824],{"class":116},[63,163882,36244],{"class":120},[63,163884,117],{"class":116},[63,163886,186],{"class":81},[63,163888,163889],{"class":65,"line":103},[63,163890,133],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":132},[63,163892,163893,163895,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909],{"class":65,"line":129},[63,163894,6277],{"class":1155},[63,163896,36116],{"class":69},[63,163898,89],{"class":81},[63,163900,36263],{"class":69},[63,163902,4217],{"class":1155},[63,163904,36126],{"class":139},[63,163906,113],{"class":81},[63,163908,1818],{"class":145},[63,163910,8657],{"class":81},[63,163912,163913,163915,163917,163919,163921,163923],{"class":65,"line":136},[63,163914,8386],{"class":139},[63,163916,113],{"class":81},[63,163918,36141],{"class":145},[63,163920,89],{"class":81},[63,163922,36286],{"class":145},[63,163924,126],{"class":81},[14,163926,163927,163928,259],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[196,163929,3912,163930,3845],{"href":92120},[18,163931,36044],{},[49,163933,2165],{"id":2164},[486,163935,5469,163937,5472],{"id":163936},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163938,1736],{},[14,163940,163941],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[486,163943,13011,163945,163947],{"id":163944},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163946,1736],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163949,163950],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[486,163952,163954,163955,2827],{"id":163953},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163956,1736],{},[14,163958,163959,163960,259],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163961,162567],{},[486,163963,163965,163966,2827],{"id":163964},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163967,1736],{},[14,163969,128325,163970,163972],{},[18,163971,162720],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[486,163974,163976],{"id":163975},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163978,163979],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[49,163981,2219],{"id":2218},[29,163983,163984,163989,163995,163999,164003],{},[32,163985,163986],{},[196,163987,163988],{"href":163507},"How to use zip in Python",[32,163990,163991],{},[196,163992,3912,163993,3845],{"href":92120},[18,163994,36044],{},[32,163996,163997],{},[196,163998,2243],{"href":1059},[32,164000,164001],{},[196,164002,69786],{"href":69709},[32,164004,164005],{},[196,164006,32552],{"href":31377},[2259,164008,164009],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":164011},[164012,164013,164015,164016,164017,164018,164026,164032,164041,164052],{"id":51,"depth":103,"text":52},{"id":161731,"depth":103,"text":164014},"What zip() does",{"id":262,"depth":103,"text":263},{"id":162124,"depth":103,"text":162125},{"id":162301,"depth":103,"text":162302},{"id":162553,"depth":103,"text":164019,"children":164020},"Converting zip() output",[164021,164023,164025],{"id":162564,"depth":129,"text":164022},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162717,"depth":129,"text":164024},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162887,"depth":129,"text":162888},{"id":41335,"depth":103,"text":41336,"children":164027},[164028,164029,164030,164031],{"id":163049,"depth":129,"text":163050},{"id":163166,"depth":129,"text":163167},{"id":163267,"depth":129,"text":163268},{"id":163378,"depth":129,"text":163379},{"id":163511,"depth":103,"text":164033,"children":164034},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164035,164037,164038,164039],{"id":163517,"depth":129,"text":164036},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163558,"depth":129,"text":163559},{"id":163661,"depth":129,"text":163662},{"id":163835,"depth":129,"text":164040},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2164,"depth":103,"text":2165,"children":164042},[164043,164045,164047,164049,164051],{"id":163936,"depth":129,"text":164044},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163944,"depth":129,"text":164046},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163953,"depth":129,"text":164048},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163964,"depth":129,"text":164050},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163975,"depth":129,"text":163976},{"id":2218,"depth":103,"text":2219},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161573,"description":164053},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944945920]