[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163345},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method":3,"nav-reference":1530},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1523,"extension":1524,"meta":1525,"navigation":372,"path":1526,"seo":1527,"stem":1528,"__hash__":1529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1497},"minimark",[9,19,26,38,43,150,160,167,172,191,199,203,206,227,230,259,262,290,298,302,307,314,317,386,389,398,404,408,411,486,488,497,500,526,535,542,546,552,629,631,640,650,661,670,678,832,834,852,855,897,900,904,909,911,972,979,982,1098,1100,1116,1119,1126,1130,1135,1294,1297,1361,1364,1367,1388,1394,1399,1410,1413,1417,1425,1428,1437,1443,1450,1453,1460,1468,1472,1493],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-index-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"index()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,27,28,29,33,34,37],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,35,36],{},"ValueError",".",[39,40,42],"h2",{"id":41},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[44,45,50],"pre",{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n","python","",[15,51,52,102,131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54,57,61,65,69,73,77,79,82,85,88,90,92,94,97,99],"span",{"class":55,"line":56},"line",1,[53,58,60],{"class":59},"su5hD","items ",[53,62,64],{"class":63},"smGrS","=",[53,66,68],{"class":67},"sP7_E"," [",[53,70,72],{"class":71},"sjJ54","\"",[53,74,76],{"class":75},"s_sjI","apple",[53,78,72],{"class":71},[53,80,81],{"class":67},",",[53,83,84],{"class":71}," \"",[53,86,87],{"class":75},"banana",[53,89,72],{"class":71},[53,91,81],{"class":67},[53,93,84],{"class":71},[53,95,96],{"class":75},"cherry",[53,98,72],{"class":71},[53,100,101],{"class":67},"]\n",[53,103,105,108,110,113,115,119,122,124,126,128],{"class":55,"line":104},2,[53,106,107],{"class":59},"position ",[53,109,64],{"class":63},[53,111,112],{"class":59}," items",[53,114,37],{"class":67},[53,116,118],{"class":117},"slqww","index",[53,120,121],{"class":67},"(",[53,123,72],{"class":71},[53,125,87],{"class":75},[53,127,72],{"class":71},[53,129,130],{"class":67},")\n",[53,132,134,138,140,143,146],{"class":55,"line":133},3,[53,135,137],{"class":136},"sptTA","print",[53,139,121],{"class":67},[53,141,142],{"class":117},"position",[53,144,145],{"class":67},")",[53,147,149],{"class":148},"sutJx","  # 1\n",[20,151,152,153,156,157,159],{},"Use ",[15,154,155],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,158,36],{}," if the item is not found.",[39,161,163,164,166],{"id":162},"what-listindex-does","What ",[15,165,24],{}," does",[20,168,169,171],{},[15,170,24],{},":",[173,174,175,179,182,188],"ul",{},[176,177,178],"li",{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[176,180,181],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[176,183,184,185],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,186,187],{},"0",[176,189,190],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,192,193,194,37],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[195,196,198],"a",{"href":197},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide","Python lists explained for beginners",[39,200,202],{"id":201},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,204,205],{},"The basic form is:",[44,207,209],{"className":46,"code":208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,210,211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,212,213,216,218,220,222,225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,214,215],{"class":59},"my_list",[53,217,37],{"class":67},[53,219,118],{"class":117},[53,221,121],{"class":67},[53,223,224],{"class":117},"value",[53,226,130],{"class":67},[20,228,229],{},"You can also limit the search:",[44,231,233],{"className":46,"code":232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,234,235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,236,237,239,241,243,245,247,249,252,254,257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,238,215],{"class":59},[53,240,37],{"class":67},[53,242,118],{"class":117},[53,244,121],{"class":67},[53,246,224],{"class":117},[53,248,81],{"class":67},[53,250,251],{"class":117}," start",[53,253,81],{"class":67},[53,255,256],{"class":117}," end",[53,258,130],{"class":67},[20,260,261],{},"Here is what each part means:",[173,263,264,269,275,281],{},[176,265,266,268],{},[15,267,224],{},": the item to search for",[176,270,271,274],{},[15,272,273],{},"start",": where the search begins",[176,276,277,280],{},[15,278,279],{},"end",": where the search stops",[176,282,283,285,286,289],{},[15,284,279],{}," is ",[30,287,288],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,291,292,293,295,296,37],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,294,273],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,297,279],{},[39,299,301],{"id":300},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,303,304,306],{},[15,305,24],{}," returns an integer.",[20,308,309,310,313],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,311,312],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,315,316],{},"Example:",[44,318,320],{"className":46,"code":319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,321,322,347,368,374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,323,324,327,329,331,335,337,340,342,345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,325,326],{"class":59},"numbers ",[53,328,64],{"class":63},[53,330,68],{"class":67},[53,332,334],{"class":333},"srdBf","10",[53,336,81],{"class":67},[53,338,339],{"class":333}," 20",[53,341,81],{"class":67},[53,343,344],{"class":333}," 30",[53,346,101],{"class":67},[53,348,349,352,354,357,359,361,363,366],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,350,351],{"class":59},"result ",[53,353,64],{"class":63},[53,355,356],{"class":59}," numbers",[53,358,37],{"class":67},[53,360,118],{"class":117},[53,362,121],{"class":67},[53,364,365],{"class":333},"20",[53,367,130],{"class":67},[53,369,370],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,371,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},true,"\n",[53,375,377,379,381,384],{"class":55,"line":376},4,[53,378,137],{"class":136},[53,380,121],{"class":67},[53,382,383],{"class":117},"result",[53,385,130],{"class":67},[20,387,388],{},"Output:",[44,390,392],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n",[15,393,394],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,395,396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,397,391],{"class":333},[20,399,400,401,403],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,402,17],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[39,405,407],{"id":406},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,409,410],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[44,412,414],{"className":46,"code":413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,415,416,449,472,476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,417,418,421,423,425,427,429,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,445,447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,419,420],{"class":59},"fruits ",[53,422,64],{"class":63},[53,424,68],{"class":67},[53,426,72],{"class":71},[53,428,76],{"class":75},[53,430,72],{"class":71},[53,432,81],{"class":67},[53,434,84],{"class":71},[53,436,87],{"class":75},[53,438,72],{"class":71},[53,440,81],{"class":67},[53,442,84],{"class":71},[53,444,96],{"class":75},[53,446,72],{"class":71},[53,448,101],{"class":67},[53,450,451,453,455,458,460,462,464,466,468,470],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,452,107],{"class":59},[53,454,64],{"class":63},[53,456,457],{"class":59}," fruits",[53,459,37],{"class":67},[53,461,118],{"class":117},[53,463,121],{"class":67},[53,465,72],{"class":71},[53,467,96],{"class":75},[53,469,72],{"class":71},[53,471,130],{"class":67},[53,473,474],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,475,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,477,478,480,482,484],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,479,137],{"class":136},[53,481,121],{"class":67},[53,483,142],{"class":117},[53,485,130],{"class":67},[20,487,388],{},[44,489,491],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n",[15,492,493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,494,495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,496,490],{"class":333},[20,498,499],{},"In this list:",[173,501,502,510,518],{},[176,503,504,507,508],{},[15,505,506],{},"\"apple\""," is at index ",[15,509,187],{},[176,511,512,507,515],{},[15,513,514],{},"\"banana\"",[15,516,517],{},"1",[176,519,520,507,523],{},[15,521,522],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,524,525],{},"2",[20,527,528,529,532,533,37],{},"So ",[15,530,531],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")"," returns ",[15,534,525],{},[20,536,537,538,37],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[195,539,541],{"href":540},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[39,543,545],{"id":544},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,547,548,549,551],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,550,17],{}," returns the first match only.",[44,553,555],{"className":46,"code":554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,556,557,601,605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,558,559,562,564,566,568,571,573,575,577,580,582,584,586,588,590,592,594,597,599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,560,561],{"class":59},"colors ",[53,563,64],{"class":63},[53,565,68],{"class":67},[53,567,72],{"class":71},[53,569,570],{"class":75},"red",[53,572,72],{"class":71},[53,574,81],{"class":67},[53,576,84],{"class":71},[53,578,579],{"class":75},"blue",[53,581,72],{"class":71},[53,583,81],{"class":67},[53,585,84],{"class":71},[53,587,570],{"class":75},[53,589,72],{"class":71},[53,591,81],{"class":67},[53,593,84],{"class":71},[53,595,596],{"class":75},"green",[53,598,72],{"class":71},[53,600,101],{"class":67},[53,602,603],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,604,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,606,607,609,611,614,616,618,620,622,624,626],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,608,137],{"class":136},[53,610,121],{"class":67},[53,612,613],{"class":117},"colors",[53,615,37],{"class":67},[53,617,118],{"class":117},[53,619,121],{"class":67},[53,621,72],{"class":71},[53,623,570],{"class":75},[53,625,72],{"class":71},[53,627,628],{"class":67},"))\n",[20,630,388],{},[44,632,634],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n",[15,635,636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,637,638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,639,633],{"class":333},[20,641,642,643,646,647,649],{},"Even though ",[15,644,645],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,648,187],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,651,652,653,37],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[195,654,656,657,660],{"href":655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","Python list ",[15,658,659],{},"count()"," method",[39,662,664,665,667,668],{"id":663},"using-start-and-end","Using ",[15,666,273],{}," and ",[15,669,279],{},[20,671,672,673,667,675,677],{},"The optional ",[15,674,273],{},[15,676,279],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[44,679,681],{"className":46,"code":680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,682,683,735,739,766,796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,684,685,688,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,705,707,709,711,714,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,731,733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,686,687],{"class":59},"letters ",[53,689,64],{"class":63},[53,691,68],{"class":67},[53,693,72],{"class":71},[53,695,195],{"class":75},[53,697,72],{"class":71},[53,699,81],{"class":67},[53,701,84],{"class":71},[53,703,704],{"class":75},"b",[53,706,72],{"class":71},[53,708,81],{"class":67},[53,710,84],{"class":71},[53,712,713],{"class":75},"c",[53,715,72],{"class":71},[53,717,81],{"class":67},[53,719,84],{"class":71},[53,721,704],{"class":75},[53,723,72],{"class":71},[53,725,81],{"class":67},[53,727,84],{"class":71},[53,729,730],{"class":75},"d",[53,732,72],{"class":71},[53,734,101],{"class":67},[53,736,737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,738,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,740,741,743,745,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,763],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,742,137],{"class":136},[53,744,121],{"class":67},[53,746,747],{"class":117},"letters",[53,749,37],{"class":67},[53,751,118],{"class":117},[53,753,121],{"class":67},[53,755,72],{"class":71},[53,757,704],{"class":75},[53,759,72],{"class":71},[53,761,762],{"class":67},"))",[53,764,765],{"class":148},"        # first match\n",[53,767,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786,788,791,793],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,769,137],{"class":136},[53,771,121],{"class":67},[53,773,747],{"class":117},[53,775,37],{"class":67},[53,777,118],{"class":117},[53,779,121],{"class":67},[53,781,72],{"class":71},[53,783,704],{"class":75},[53,785,72],{"class":71},[53,787,81],{"class":67},[53,789,790],{"class":333}," 2",[53,792,762],{"class":67},[53,794,795],{"class":148},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[53,797,799,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,822,824,827,829],{"class":55,"line":798},5,[53,800,137],{"class":136},[53,802,121],{"class":67},[53,804,747],{"class":117},[53,806,37],{"class":67},[53,808,118],{"class":117},[53,810,121],{"class":67},[53,812,72],{"class":71},[53,814,704],{"class":75},[53,816,72],{"class":71},[53,818,81],{"class":67},[53,820,821],{"class":333}," 1",[53,823,81],{"class":67},[53,825,826],{"class":333}," 4",[53,828,762],{"class":67},[53,830,831],{"class":148},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,833,388],{},[44,835,837],{"className":46,"code":836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,838,839,843,848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,840,841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,842,391],{"class":333},[53,844,845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,846,847],{"class":333},"3\n",[53,849,850],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,851,391],{"class":333},[20,853,854],{},"How this works:",[173,856,857,869,883],{},[176,858,859,862,863,866,867],{},[15,860,861],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,864,865],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,868,517],{},[176,870,871,874,875,877,878,866,880],{},[15,872,873],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,876,525],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,879,865],{},[15,881,882],{},"3",[176,884,885,888,889,891,892,894,895],{},[15,886,887],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,890,517],{},", ",[15,893,525],{},", and ",[15,896,882],{},[20,898,899],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[39,901,903],{"id":902},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,905,906,907,37],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,908,36],{},[20,910,316],{},[44,912,914],{"className":46,"code":913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,915,916,948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,917,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,919,60],{"class":59},[53,921,64],{"class":63},[53,923,68],{"class":67},[53,925,72],{"class":71},[53,927,76],{"class":75},[53,929,72],{"class":71},[53,931,81],{"class":67},[53,933,84],{"class":71},[53,935,87],{"class":75},[53,937,72],{"class":71},[53,939,81],{"class":67},[53,941,84],{"class":71},[53,943,96],{"class":75},[53,945,72],{"class":71},[53,947,101],{"class":67},[53,949,950,952,954,957,959,961,963,965,968,970],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,951,137],{"class":136},[53,953,121],{"class":67},[53,955,956],{"class":117},"items",[53,958,37],{"class":67},[53,960,118],{"class":117},[53,962,121],{"class":67},[53,964,72],{"class":71},[53,966,967],{"class":75},"orange",[53,969,72],{"class":71},[53,971,628],{"class":67},[20,973,974,975,978],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,976,977],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,980,981],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[44,983,985],{"className":46,"code":984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,986,987,1019,1033,1037,1054,1074,1082],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,988,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,990,60],{"class":59},[53,992,64],{"class":63},[53,994,68],{"class":67},[53,996,72],{"class":71},[53,998,76],{"class":75},[53,1000,72],{"class":71},[53,1002,81],{"class":67},[53,1004,84],{"class":71},[53,1006,87],{"class":75},[53,1008,72],{"class":71},[53,1010,81],{"class":67},[53,1012,84],{"class":71},[53,1014,96],{"class":75},[53,1016,72],{"class":71},[53,1018,101],{"class":67},[53,1020,1021,1024,1026,1028,1030],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1022,1023],{"class":59},"search_value ",[53,1025,64],{"class":63},[53,1027,84],{"class":71},[53,1029,967],{"class":75},[53,1031,1032],{"class":71},"\"\n",[53,1034,1035],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1036,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,1038,1039,1043,1046,1049,1051],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,1040,1042],{"class":1041},"sVHd0","if",[53,1044,1045],{"class":59}," search_value ",[53,1047,1048],{"class":63},"in",[53,1050,112],{"class":59},[53,1052,1053],{"class":67},":\n",[53,1055,1056,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1072],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,1057,1058],{"class":136},"    print",[53,1060,121],{"class":67},[53,1062,956],{"class":117},[53,1064,37],{"class":67},[53,1066,118],{"class":117},[53,1068,121],{"class":67},[53,1070,1071],{"class":117},"search_value",[53,1073,628],{"class":67},[53,1075,1077,1080],{"class":55,"line":1076},6,[53,1078,1079],{"class":1041},"else",[53,1081,1053],{"class":67},[53,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1094,1096],{"class":55,"line":1084},7,[53,1086,1058],{"class":136},[53,1088,121],{"class":67},[53,1090,72],{"class":71},[53,1092,1093],{"class":75},"Item not found",[53,1095,72],{"class":71},[53,1097,130],{"class":67},[20,1099,388],{},[44,1101,1103],{"className":46,"code":1102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Item not found\n",[15,1104,1105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1106,1107,1110,1113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1108,1109],{"class":59},"Item ",[53,1111,1112],{"class":63},"not",[53,1114,1115],{"class":59}," found\n",[20,1117,1118],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,1120,1121,1122,37],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,1123,1125],{"href":1124},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[39,1127,1129],{"id":1128},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1131,1132,1133,171],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,1134,24],{},[173,1136,1137,1158,1170,1235],{},[176,1138,1139,1140,532,1142,1145,1146,1149,1150,1152,1153,1155,1156,37],{},"Thinking ",[15,1141,17],{},[15,1143,1144],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[1147,1148],"br",{},"\nPython does ",[30,1151,1112],{}," return ",[15,1154,1144],{},". It raises ",[15,1157,36],{},[176,1159,1160,1161,1163,1166,1167,1169],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[1147,1162],{},[15,1164,1165],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,1168,514],{},", not the value itself.",[176,1171,664,1172,1175,1176,1178,1180,1181,1183,1184,1207,1209,1210],{},[15,1173,1174],{},"index[]"," instead of ",[15,1177,17],{},[1147,1179],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[1147,1182],{},"Correct:",[44,1185,1187],{"className":46,"code":1186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,1188,1189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1190,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1192,956],{"class":59},[53,1194,37],{"class":67},[53,1196,118],{"class":117},[53,1198,121],{"class":67},[53,1200,72],{"class":71},[53,1202,87],{"class":75},[53,1204,72],{"class":71},[53,1206,130],{"class":67},[1147,1208],{},"Wrong:",[44,1211,1213],{"className":46,"code":1212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,1214,1215],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1216,1217,1219,1221,1224,1227,1229,1231,1233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1218,956],{"class":59},[53,1220,37],{"class":67},[53,1222,118],{"class":1223},"skxfh",[53,1225,1226],{"class":67},"[",[53,1228,72],{"class":71},[53,1230,87],{"class":75},[53,1232,72],{"class":71},[53,1234,101],{"class":67},[176,1236,1237,1238,1240,667,1243,1245,1246],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[1147,1239],{},[15,1241,1242],{},"\"3\"",[15,1244,882],{}," are different values in Python.",[44,1247,1249],{"className":46,"code":1248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,1250,1251,1272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1252,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1254,326],{"class":59},[53,1256,64],{"class":63},[53,1258,68],{"class":67},[53,1260,517],{"class":333},[53,1262,81],{"class":67},[53,1264,790],{"class":333},[53,1266,81],{"class":67},[53,1268,1269],{"class":333}," 3",[53,1271,101],{"class":67},[53,1273,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1287,1289,1291],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1275,137],{"class":136},[53,1277,121],{"class":67},[53,1279,72],{"class":71},[53,1281,882],{"class":75},[53,1283,72],{"class":71},[53,1285,1286],{"class":1041}," in",[53,1288,356],{"class":117},[53,1290,145],{"class":67},[53,1292,1293],{"class":148},"  # False\n",[20,1295,1296],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,1298,1300],{"className":46,"code":1299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,1301,1302,1312,1328,1343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1303,1304,1306,1308,1310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1305,137],{"class":136},[53,1307,121],{"class":67},[53,1309,215],{"class":117},[53,1311,130],{"class":67},[53,1313,1314,1316,1318,1322,1324,1326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1315,137],{"class":136},[53,1317,121],{"class":67},[53,1319,1321],{"class":1320},"sZMiF","type",[53,1323,121],{"class":67},[53,1325,1071],{"class":117},[53,1327,628],{"class":67},[53,1329,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338,1341],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1331,137],{"class":136},[53,1333,121],{"class":67},[53,1335,1023],{"class":117},[53,1337,1048],{"class":1041},[53,1339,1340],{"class":117}," my_list",[53,1342,130],{"class":67},[53,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,1346,137],{"class":136},[53,1348,121],{"class":67},[53,1350,215],{"class":117},[53,1352,37],{"class":67},[53,1354,118],{"class":117},[53,1356,121],{"class":67},[53,1358,1071],{"class":117},[53,1360,628],{"class":67},[20,1362,1363],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,1365,1366],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[173,1368,1369,1372,1379,1385],{},[176,1370,1371],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[176,1373,1374,1375,1175,1377],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,1376,1242],{},[15,1378,882],{},[176,1380,1381,1382,1384],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,1383,17],{}," returns only the first one",[176,1386,1387],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[39,1389,1391,1392],{"id":1390},"when-to-use-index","When to use ",[15,1393,17],{},[20,1395,152,1396,1398],{},[15,1397,17],{}," when:",[173,1400,1401,1404,1407],{},[176,1402,1403],{},"You need the position of a known value",[176,1405,1406],{},"You are working with a small list",[176,1408,1409],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,1411,1412],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[39,1414,1416],{"id":1415},"faq","FAQ",[1418,1419,1421,1422,1424],"h3",{"id":1420},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1423,24],{}," return in Python?",[20,1426,1427],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1418,1429,1431,1432,1152,1434,1436],{"id":1430},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found","Does ",[15,1433,24],{},[15,1435,1144],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,1438,1439,1440,1442],{},"No. It raises ",[15,1441,36],{}," instead.",[1418,1444,1446,1447,1449],{"id":1445},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items","Can ",[15,1448,24],{}," find all matching items?",[20,1451,1452],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1418,1454,1456,1457,1459],{"id":1455},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,1458,17],{},"?",[20,1461,1462,1463,667,1465,1467],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,1464,273],{},[15,1466,279],{}," arguments.",[39,1469,1471],{"id":1470},"see-also","See also",[173,1473,1474,1479,1483,1487],{},[176,1475,1476],{},[195,1477,1478],{"href":540},"How to find an item in a list in Python",[176,1480,1481],{},[195,1482,198],{"href":197},[176,1484,1485],{},[195,1486,1125],{"href":1124},[176,1488,1489],{},[195,1490,656,1491,660],{"href":655},[15,1492,659],{},[1494,1495,1496],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":1498},[1499,1500,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1508,1509,1510,1512,1522],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":162,"depth":104,"text":1501},"What list.index() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":300,"depth":104,"text":301},{"id":406,"depth":104,"text":407},{"id":544,"depth":104,"text":545},{"id":663,"depth":104,"text":1507},"Using start and end",{"id":902,"depth":104,"text":903},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129},{"id":1390,"depth":104,"text":1511},"When to use index()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":1513},[1514,1516,1518,1520],{"id":1420,"depth":133,"text":1515},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":1430,"depth":133,"text":1517},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":1445,"depth":133,"text":1519},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":1455,"depth":133,"text":1521},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":5,"description":1523},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",[1531,3130,4829,6524,8660,10860,12379,14554,16756,19213,21049,23615,25712,27992,29940,31850,33846,35286,37109,39631,41792,43021,44392,46040,48358,50202,52183,53873,55122,56816,58562,60534,62284,64384,65594,67545,69108,71099,72894,74794,77236,79314,81954,83983,85946,88134,90138,92451,94133,95578,96772,97950,99790,102230,103934,105949,107473,108718,109881,111263,113334,115231,117005,118871,120990,122730,124192,125786,127709,129386,131321,132810,135594,137171,138730,140758,142710,144173,145362,147248,148659,150355,151909,153331,154734,156632,159026,160857],{"id":1532,"title":1533,"body":1534,"description":3124,"extension":1524,"meta":3125,"navigation":372,"path":3126,"seo":3127,"stem":3128,"__hash__":3129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1535,"toc":3096},[1536,1539,1546,1549,1560,1563,1567,1631,1633,1653,1658,1662,1667,1670,1685,1688,1714,1717,1719,1722,1738,1741,1767,1769,1827,1829,1844,1854,1865,1869,1872,1925,1927,1947,1950,1973,1980,1984,1989,1995,1997,2033,2035,2044,2050,2068,2071,2083,2087,2092,2096,2099,2120,2122,2180,2182,2190,2193,2197,2229,2231,2239,2242,2246,2251,2299,2301,2309,2313,2373,2375,2383,2386,2390,2394,2397,2420,2429,2445,2496,2498,2513,2524,2528,2531,2560,2567,2571,2576,2617,2619,2630,2633,2676,2678,2686,2690,2695,2717,2719,2728,2737,2741,2746,2768,2770,2840,2842,2894,2897,2900,2903,2982,2984,3015,3017,3021,3024,3028,3031,3035,3038,3042,3054,3058,3061,3063,3093],[10,1537,1533],{"id":1538},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1540,1541,1542,1545],{},"The ",[15,1543,1544],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1547,1548],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[173,1550,1551,1554,1557],{},[176,1552,1553],{},"a number without its negative sign",[176,1555,1556],{},"the distance between two numbers",[176,1558,1559],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1561,1562],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[39,1564,1566],{"id":1565},"quick-example","Quick example",[44,1568,1570],{"className":46,"code":1569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1571,1572,1591,1606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1573,1574,1576,1578,1581,1583,1586,1589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1575,137],{"class":136},[53,1577,121],{"class":67},[53,1579,1580],{"class":136},"abs",[53,1582,121],{"class":67},[53,1584,1585],{"class":63},"-",[53,1587,1588],{"class":333},"7",[53,1590,628],{"class":67},[53,1592,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1594,137],{"class":136},[53,1596,121],{"class":67},[53,1598,1580],{"class":136},[53,1600,121],{"class":67},[53,1602,1603],{"class":333},"3.5",[53,1605,628],{"class":67},[53,1607,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1623,1625,1629],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1609,137],{"class":136},[53,1611,121],{"class":67},[53,1613,1580],{"class":136},[53,1615,121],{"class":67},[53,1617,1585],{"class":63},[53,1619,525],{"class":333},[53,1621,1622],{"class":63},"+",[53,1624,882],{"class":333},[53,1626,1628],{"class":1627},"sbsja","j",[53,1630,628],{"class":67},[20,1632,388],{},[44,1634,1636],{"className":46,"code":1635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1637,1638,1643,1648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1639,1640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1641,1642],{"class":333},"7\n",[53,1644,1645],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1646,1647],{"class":333},"3.5\n",[53,1649,1650],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1651,1652],{"class":333},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1654,152,1655,1657],{},[15,1656,1544],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[39,1659,1661],{"id":1660},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1663,1664,1666],{},[15,1665,1544],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1668,1669],{},"That means:",[173,1671,1672,1675,1678],{},[176,1673,1674],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[176,1676,1677],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[176,1679,1680,1682,1683],{},[15,1681,187],{}," stays ",[15,1684,187],{},[20,1686,1687],{},"Examples:",[173,1689,1690,1699,1707],{},[176,1691,1692,1695,1696],{},[15,1693,1694],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1697,1698],{},"5",[176,1700,1701,1695,1704],{},[15,1702,1703],{},"abs(9)",[15,1705,1706],{},"9",[176,1708,1709,1695,1712],{},[15,1710,1711],{},"abs(0)",[15,1713,187],{},[20,1715,1716],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[39,1718,202],{"id":201},[20,1720,1721],{},"The syntax is:",[44,1723,1725],{"className":46,"code":1724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(x)\n",[15,1726,1727],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1728,1729,1731,1733,1736],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1730,1580],{"class":136},[53,1732,121],{"class":67},[53,1734,1735],{"class":117},"x",[53,1737,130],{"class":67},[20,1739,1740],{},"Here:",[173,1742,1743,1759,1764],{},[176,1744,1745,1747,1748,891,1751,1754,1755,1758],{},[15,1746,1735],{}," is usually an ",[15,1749,1750],{},"int",[15,1752,1753],{},"float",", or ",[15,1756,1757],{},"complex"," number",[176,1760,1761,1763],{},[15,1762,1544],{}," returns a new value",[176,1765,1766],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1768,316],{},[44,1770,1772],{"className":46,"code":1771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1773,1774,1787,1803,1807,1817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1775,1776,1779,1781,1784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1777,1778],{"class":59},"number ",[53,1780,64],{"class":63},[53,1782,1783],{"class":63}," -",[53,1785,1786],{"class":333},"12\n",[53,1788,1789,1791,1793,1796,1798,1801],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1790,351],{"class":59},[53,1792,64],{"class":63},[53,1794,1795],{"class":136}," abs",[53,1797,121],{"class":67},[53,1799,1800],{"class":117},"number",[53,1802,130],{"class":67},[53,1804,1805],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1806,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,1808,1809,1811,1813,1815],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,1810,137],{"class":136},[53,1812,121],{"class":67},[53,1814,1800],{"class":117},[53,1816,130],{"class":67},[53,1818,1819,1821,1823,1825],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,1820,137],{"class":136},[53,1822,121],{"class":67},[53,1824,383],{"class":117},[53,1826,130],{"class":67},[20,1828,388],{},[44,1830,1832],{"className":46,"code":1831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-12\n12\n",[15,1833,1834,1840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1835,1836,1838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1837,1585],{"class":63},[53,1839,1786],{"class":333},[53,1841,1842],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1843,1786],{"class":333},[20,1845,1846,1847,1849,1850,1853],{},"Notice that ",[15,1848,1800],{}," is still ",[15,1851,1852],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1855,1856,1857,1864],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[195,1858,1860,1863],{"href":1859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1861,1862],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[39,1866,1868],{"id":1867},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1870,1871],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[44,1873,1875],{"className":46,"code":1874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1876,1877,1893,1908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1878,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1880,137],{"class":136},[53,1882,121],{"class":67},[53,1884,1580],{"class":136},[53,1886,121],{"class":67},[53,1888,1585],{"class":63},[53,1890,334],{"class":333},[53,1892,628],{"class":67},[53,1894,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1906],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1896,137],{"class":136},[53,1898,121],{"class":67},[53,1900,1580],{"class":136},[53,1902,121],{"class":67},[53,1904,1905],{"class":333},"8",[53,1907,628],{"class":67},[53,1909,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1923],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1911,137],{"class":136},[53,1913,121],{"class":67},[53,1915,1580],{"class":136},[53,1917,121],{"class":67},[53,1919,1585],{"class":63},[53,1921,1922],{"class":333},"4.2",[53,1924,628],{"class":67},[20,1926,388],{},[44,1928,1930],{"className":46,"code":1929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1931,1932,1937,1942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1933,1934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1935,1936],{"class":333},"10\n",[53,1938,1939],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1940,1941],{"class":333},"8\n",[53,1943,1944],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,1945,1946],{"class":333},"4.2\n",[20,1948,1949],{},"What each line does:",[173,1951,1952,1959,1966],{},[176,1953,1954,532,1957],{},[15,1955,1956],{},"abs(-10)",[15,1958,334],{},[176,1960,1961,532,1964],{},[15,1962,1963],{},"abs(8)",[15,1965,1905],{},[176,1967,1968,532,1971],{},[15,1969,1970],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1972,1922],{},[20,1974,1975,1976,37],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[195,1977,1979],{"href":1978},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[39,1981,1983],{"id":1982},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1985,1986,1988],{},[15,1987,1544],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1990,1991,1992,1994],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1993,187],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1996,316],{},[44,1998,2000],{"className":46,"code":1999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2001,2002,2019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2003,2004,2007,2009,2011,2014,2016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2005,2006],{"class":59},"value ",[53,2008,64],{"class":63},[53,2010,1269],{"class":333},[53,2012,2013],{"class":63}," +",[53,2015,826],{"class":333},[53,2017,2018],{"class":1627},"j\n",[53,2020,2021,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2022,137],{"class":136},[53,2024,121],{"class":67},[53,2026,1580],{"class":136},[53,2028,121],{"class":67},[53,2030,224],{"class":117},[53,2032,628],{"class":67},[20,2034,388],{},[44,2036,2038],{"className":46,"code":2037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n",[15,2039,2040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2041,2042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2043,2037],{"class":333},[20,2045,2046,2047,1459],{},"Why ",[15,2048,2049],{},"5.0",[173,2051,2052,2057,2063],{},[176,2053,2054,2055],{},"the real part is ",[15,2056,882],{},[176,2058,2059,2060],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2061,2062],{},"4",[176,2064,2065,2066],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2067,2049],{},[20,2069,2070],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[173,2072,2073,2080],{},[176,2074,2075,2077,2078],{},[15,2076,1544],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2079,1753],{},[176,2081,2082],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[39,2084,2086],{"id":2085},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2088,2089,2090,37],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2091,1544],{},[1418,2093,2095],{"id":2094},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2097,2098],{},"A very common pattern is:",[44,2100,2102],{"className":46,"code":2101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2103,2104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2105,2106,2108,2110,2113,2115,2118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2107,1580],{"class":136},[53,2109,121],{"class":67},[53,2111,2112],{"class":117},"a ",[53,2114,1585],{"class":63},[53,2116,2117],{"class":117}," b",[53,2119,130],{"class":67},[20,2121,316],{},[44,2123,2125],{"className":46,"code":2124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2126,2127,2136,2146,2150,2169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2128,2129,2131,2133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2130,2112],{"class":59},[53,2132,64],{"class":63},[53,2134,2135],{"class":333}," 3\n",[53,2137,2138,2141,2143],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2139,2140],{"class":59},"b ",[53,2142,64],{"class":63},[53,2144,2145],{"class":333}," 10\n",[53,2147,2148],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2149,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2151,2152,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2153,2154],{"class":59},"distance ",[53,2156,64],{"class":63},[53,2158,1795],{"class":136},[53,2160,121],{"class":67},[53,2162,2112],{"class":117},[53,2164,1585],{"class":63},[53,2166,2117],{"class":117},[53,2168,130],{"class":67},[53,2170,2171,2173,2175,2178],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,2172,137],{"class":136},[53,2174,121],{"class":67},[53,2176,2177],{"class":117},"distance",[53,2179,130],{"class":67},[20,2181,388],{},[44,2183,2184],{"className":46,"code":1642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2185,2186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2187,2188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2189,1642],{"class":333},[20,2191,2192],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1418,2194,2196],{"id":2195},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[44,2198,2200],{"className":46,"code":2199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2201,2202,2214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2203,2204,2207,2209,2211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2205,2206],{"class":59},"temperature_change ",[53,2208,64],{"class":63},[53,2210,1783],{"class":63},[53,2212,2213],{"class":333},"6\n",[53,2215,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2217,137],{"class":136},[53,2219,121],{"class":67},[53,2221,1580],{"class":136},[53,2223,121],{"class":67},[53,2225,2226],{"class":117},"temperature_change",[53,2228,628],{"class":67},[20,2230,388],{},[44,2232,2233],{"className":46,"code":2213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2234,2235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2236,2237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2238,2213],{"class":333},[20,2240,2241],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1418,2243,2245],{"id":2244},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2247,2248,2249,1864],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2250,1544],{},[44,2252,2254],{"className":46,"code":2253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2255,2256,2268,2284,2288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2257,2258,2261,2263,2265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2259,2260],{"class":59},"balance_change ",[53,2262,64],{"class":63},[53,2264,1783],{"class":63},[53,2266,2267],{"class":333},"25\n",[53,2269,2270,2273,2275,2277,2279,2282],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2271,2272],{"class":59},"safe_value ",[53,2274,64],{"class":63},[53,2276,1795],{"class":136},[53,2278,121],{"class":67},[53,2280,2281],{"class":117},"balance_change",[53,2283,130],{"class":67},[53,2285,2286],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2287,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2289,2290,2292,2294,2297],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2291,137],{"class":136},[53,2293,121],{"class":67},[53,2295,2296],{"class":117},"safe_value",[53,2298,130],{"class":67},[20,2300,388],{},[44,2302,2303],{"className":46,"code":2267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2304,2305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2306,2307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2308,2267],{"class":333},[1418,2310,2312],{"id":2311},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[44,2314,2316],{"className":46,"code":2315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2317,2318,2328,2338,2342,2362],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2319,2320,2323,2325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2321,2322],{"class":59},"guess ",[53,2324,64],{"class":63},[53,2326,2327],{"class":333}," 42\n",[53,2329,2330,2333,2335],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2331,2332],{"class":59},"target ",[53,2334,64],{"class":63},[53,2336,2337],{"class":333}," 50\n",[53,2339,2340],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2341,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2343,2344,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2360],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2345,2346],{"class":59},"difference ",[53,2348,64],{"class":63},[53,2350,1795],{"class":136},[53,2352,121],{"class":67},[53,2354,2322],{"class":117},[53,2356,1585],{"class":63},[53,2358,2359],{"class":117}," target",[53,2361,130],{"class":67},[53,2363,2364,2366,2368,2371],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,2365,137],{"class":136},[53,2367,121],{"class":67},[53,2369,2370],{"class":117},"difference",[53,2372,130],{"class":67},[20,2374,388],{},[44,2376,2377],{"className":46,"code":1941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2378,2379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2380,2381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2382,1941],{"class":333},[20,2384,2385],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[39,2387,2389],{"id":2388},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1418,2391,2393],{"id":2392},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2395,2396],{},"This causes an error:",[44,2398,2400],{"className":46,"code":2399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2401,2402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2403,2404,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2405,137],{"class":136},[53,2407,121],{"class":67},[53,2409,1580],{"class":136},[53,2411,121],{"class":67},[53,2413,72],{"class":71},[53,2415,1698],{"class":75},[53,2417,72],{"class":71},[53,2419,628],{"class":67},[20,2421,2422,2425,2426,2428],{},[15,2423,2424],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2427,1544],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2430,2431,2432,2438,2439,171],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[195,2433,2435],{"href":2434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2436,2437],{},"int()"," or ",[195,2440,2442],{"href":2441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2443,2444],{},"float()",[44,2446,2448],{"className":46,"code":2447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2449,2450,2473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2451,2452,2454,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468,2470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2453,137],{"class":136},[53,2455,121],{"class":67},[53,2457,1580],{"class":136},[53,2459,121],{"class":67},[53,2461,1750],{"class":1320},[53,2463,121],{"class":67},[53,2465,72],{"class":71},[53,2467,1698],{"class":75},[53,2469,72],{"class":71},[53,2471,2472],{"class":67},")))\n",[53,2474,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2492,2494],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2476,137],{"class":136},[53,2478,121],{"class":67},[53,2480,1580],{"class":136},[53,2482,121],{"class":67},[53,2484,1753],{"class":1320},[53,2486,121],{"class":67},[53,2488,72],{"class":71},[53,2490,2491],{"class":75},"-3.2",[53,2493,72],{"class":71},[53,2495,2472],{"class":67},[20,2497,388],{},[44,2499,2501],{"className":46,"code":2500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2502,2503,2508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2504,2505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2506,2507],{"class":333},"5\n",[53,2509,2510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2511,2512],{"class":333},"3.2\n",[20,2514,2515,2516,2519,2520,37],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2517,2518],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[195,2521,2523],{"href":2522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1418,2525,2527],{"id":2526},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2529,2530],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[44,2532,2534],{"className":46,"code":2533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2535,2536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2537,2538,2540,2542,2544,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2539,137],{"class":136},[53,2541,121],{"class":67},[53,2543,1580],{"class":136},[53,2545,2546],{"class":67},"([",[53,2548,517],{"class":333},[53,2550,81],{"class":67},[53,2552,790],{"class":333},[53,2554,81],{"class":67},[53,2556,1269],{"class":333},[53,2558,2559],{"class":67},"]))\n",[20,2561,2562,2563,2566],{},"This raises a ",[15,2564,2565],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1418,2568,2570],{"id":2569},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2572,2573,2575],{},[15,2574,1544],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[44,2577,2579],{"className":46,"code":2578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2580,2581,2593,2603,2607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2582,2583,2586,2588,2590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2584,2585],{"class":59},"x ",[53,2587,64],{"class":63},[53,2589,1783],{"class":63},[53,2591,2592],{"class":333},"9\n",[53,2594,2595,2597,2599,2601],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2596,1580],{"class":136},[53,2598,121],{"class":67},[53,2600,1735],{"class":117},[53,2602,130],{"class":67},[53,2604,2605],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2606,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2608,2609,2611,2613,2615],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2610,137],{"class":136},[53,2612,121],{"class":67},[53,2614,1735],{"class":117},[53,2616,130],{"class":67},[20,2618,388],{},[44,2620,2622],{"className":46,"code":2621,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-9\n",[15,2623,2624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2625,2626,2628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2627,1585],{"class":63},[53,2629,2592],{"class":333},[20,2631,2632],{},"If you want to store the result:",[44,2634,2636],{"className":46,"code":2635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2637,2638,2648,2662,2666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2639,2640,2642,2644,2646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2641,2585],{"class":59},[53,2643,64],{"class":63},[53,2645,1783],{"class":63},[53,2647,2592],{"class":333},[53,2649,2650,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2651,2585],{"class":59},[53,2653,64],{"class":63},[53,2655,1795],{"class":136},[53,2657,121],{"class":67},[53,2659,1735],{"class":117},[53,2661,130],{"class":67},[53,2663,2664],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2665,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2667,2668,2670,2672,2674],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2669,137],{"class":136},[53,2671,121],{"class":67},[53,2673,1735],{"class":117},[53,2675,130],{"class":67},[20,2677,388],{},[44,2679,2680],{"className":46,"code":2592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2681,2682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2683,2684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2685,2592],{"class":333},[1418,2687,2689],{"id":2688},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2691,2692,2694],{},[15,2693,1544],{}," does not round numbers.",[44,2696,2698],{"className":46,"code":2697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2699,2700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2701,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712,2715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2703,137],{"class":136},[53,2705,121],{"class":67},[53,2707,1580],{"class":136},[53,2709,121],{"class":67},[53,2711,1585],{"class":63},[53,2713,2714],{"class":333},"4.7",[53,2716,628],{"class":67},[20,2718,388],{},[44,2720,2722],{"className":46,"code":2721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.7\n",[15,2723,2724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2725,2726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2727,2721],{"class":333},[20,2729,2730,2731,2733,2734,2736],{},"If you expected ",[15,2732,1698],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2735,1544],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[39,2738,2740],{"id":2739},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2742,2743,2745],{},[15,2744,1544],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[173,2747,2748,2755,2762],{},[176,2749,2750,2752,2753],{},[15,2751,1750],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2754,1750],{},[176,2756,2757,2759,2760],{},[15,2758,1753],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2761,1753],{},[176,2763,2764,2759,2766],{},[15,2765,1757],{},[15,2767,1753],{},[20,2769,316],{},[44,2771,2773],{"className":46,"code":2772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2774,2775,2795,2816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2776,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2778,137],{"class":136},[53,2780,121],{"class":67},[53,2782,1321],{"class":1320},[53,2784,121],{"class":67},[53,2786,1580],{"class":136},[53,2788,121],{"class":67},[53,2790,1585],{"class":63},[53,2792,1698],{"class":333},[53,2794,2472],{"class":67},[53,2796,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2798,137],{"class":136},[53,2800,121],{"class":67},[53,2802,1321],{"class":1320},[53,2804,121],{"class":67},[53,2806,1580],{"class":136},[53,2808,121],{"class":67},[53,2810,1585],{"class":63},[53,2812,2813],{"class":333},"3.2",[53,2815,2472],{"class":67},[53,2817,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2819,137],{"class":136},[53,2821,121],{"class":67},[53,2823,1321],{"class":1320},[53,2825,121],{"class":67},[53,2827,1580],{"class":136},[53,2829,121],{"class":67},[53,2831,882],{"class":333},[53,2833,2013],{"class":63},[53,2835,826],{"class":333},[53,2837,1628],{"class":1627},[53,2839,2472],{"class":67},[20,2841,388],{},[44,2843,2845],{"className":46,"code":2844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2846,2847,2866,2880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2848,2849,2852,2855,2858,2860,2863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2850,2851],{"class":63},"\u003C",[53,2853,2854],{"class":1627},"class",[53,2856,2857],{"class":71}," '",[53,2859,1750],{"class":75},[53,2861,2862],{"class":71},"'",[53,2864,2865],{"class":63},">\n",[53,2867,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876,2878],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2869,2851],{"class":63},[53,2871,2854],{"class":1627},[53,2873,2857],{"class":71},[53,2875,1753],{"class":75},[53,2877,2862],{"class":71},[53,2879,2865],{"class":63},[53,2881,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890,2892],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2883,2851],{"class":63},[53,2885,2854],{"class":1627},[53,2887,2857],{"class":71},[53,2889,1753],{"class":75},[53,2891,2862],{"class":71},[53,2893,2865],{"class":63},[20,2895,2896],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2898,2899],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2901,2902],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[44,2904,2906],{"className":46,"code":2905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2907,2908,2921,2931,2945,2949,2963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2909,2910,2912,2914,2916,2919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2911,2006],{"class":59},[53,2913,64],{"class":63},[53,2915,84],{"class":71},[53,2917,2918],{"class":75},"-5",[53,2920,1032],{"class":71},[53,2922,2923,2925,2927,2929],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2924,137],{"class":136},[53,2926,121],{"class":67},[53,2928,224],{"class":117},[53,2930,130],{"class":67},[53,2932,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,2934,137],{"class":136},[53,2936,121],{"class":67},[53,2938,1321],{"class":1320},[53,2940,121],{"class":67},[53,2942,224],{"class":117},[53,2944,628],{"class":67},[53,2946,2947],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,2948,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,2950,2951,2954,2956,2958,2961],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,2952,2953],{"class":59},"user_input ",[53,2955,64],{"class":63},[53,2957,84],{"class":71},[53,2959,2960],{"class":75},"-3.7",[53,2962,1032],{"class":71},[53,2964,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2980],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,2966,137],{"class":136},[53,2968,121],{"class":67},[53,2970,1580],{"class":136},[53,2972,121],{"class":67},[53,2974,1753],{"class":1320},[53,2976,121],{"class":67},[53,2978,2979],{"class":117},"user_input",[53,2981,2472],{"class":67},[20,2983,388],{},[44,2985,2987],{"className":46,"code":2986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2988,2989,2995,3010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2990,2991,2993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2992,1585],{"class":63},[53,2994,2507],{"class":333},[53,2996,2997,2999,3001,3003,3006,3008],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2998,2851],{"class":63},[53,3000,2854],{"class":1627},[53,3002,2857],{"class":71},[53,3004,3005],{"class":75},"str",[53,3007,2862],{"class":71},[53,3009,2865],{"class":63},[53,3011,3012],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,3013,3014],{"class":333},"3.7\n",[39,3016,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,3018,3020],{"id":3019},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3022,3023],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1418,3025,3027],{"id":3026},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3029,3030],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1418,3032,3034],{"id":3033},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3036,3037],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1418,3039,3041],{"id":3040},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3043,3044,3046,3047,2438,3049,3051,3052,37],{},[15,3045,2518],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3048,2437],{},[15,3050,2444],{}," before using ",[15,3053,1544],{},[1418,3055,3057],{"id":3056},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3059,3060],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[39,3062,1471],{"id":1470},[173,3064,3065,3072,3078,3084,3089],{},[176,3066,3067],{},[195,3068,3069,3071],{"href":2434},[15,3070,2437],{}," function explained",[176,3073,3074],{},[195,3075,3076,3071],{"href":2441},[15,3077,2444],{},[176,3079,3080],{},[195,3081,3082,3071],{"href":1859},[15,3083,1862],{},[176,3085,3086],{},[195,3087,3088],{"href":2522},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[176,3090,3091],{},[195,3092,1979],{"href":1978},[1494,3094,3095],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":3097},[3098,3099,3100,3101,3102,3103,3109,3115,3116,3123],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":1660,"depth":104,"text":1661},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":1867,"depth":104,"text":1868},{"id":1982,"depth":104,"text":1983},{"id":2085,"depth":104,"text":2086,"children":3104},[3105,3106,3107,3108],{"id":2094,"depth":133,"text":2095},{"id":2195,"depth":133,"text":2196},{"id":2244,"depth":133,"text":2245},{"id":2311,"depth":133,"text":2312},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":3110},[3111,3112,3113,3114],{"id":2392,"depth":133,"text":2393},{"id":2526,"depth":133,"text":2527},{"id":2569,"depth":133,"text":2570},{"id":2688,"depth":133,"text":2689},{"id":2739,"depth":104,"text":2740},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":3117},[3118,3119,3120,3121,3122],{"id":3019,"depth":133,"text":3020},{"id":3026,"depth":133,"text":3027},{"id":3033,"depth":133,"text":3034},{"id":3040,"depth":133,"text":3041},{"id":3056,"depth":133,"text":3057},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1533,"description":3124},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3131,"title":3132,"body":3133,"description":4823,"extension":1524,"meta":4824,"navigation":372,"path":4825,"seo":4826,"stem":4827,"__hash__":4828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3134,"toc":4787},[3135,3143,3149,3152,3169,3171,3225,3235,3240,3244,3263,3266,3283,3286,3290,3298,3315,3318,3358,3361,3368,3374,3450,3452,3483,3489,3493,3497,3536,3538,3547,3554,3558,3597,3599,3608,3618,3622,3675,3677,3685,3688,3691,3738,3740,3748,3754,3761,3766,3769,3772,3838,3840,3848,3851,3918,3920,3928,3942,3945,3956,3960,3966,3969,3971,3987,3989,3997,4000,4003,4006,4023,4026,4029,4059,4061,4074,4076,4080,4083,4098,4103,4106,4133,4140,4143,4183,4189,4195,4203,4206,4258,4265,4328,4333,4341,4344,4362,4368,4371,4513,4518,4523,4526,4537,4540,4596,4598,4606,4609,4668,4670,4678,4681,4692,4694,4699,4708,4716,4719,4725,4728,4737,4750,4752,4784],[10,3136,3138,3139,3142],{"id":3137},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3140,3141],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3144,3145,3146,3148],{},"Python’s ",[15,3147,3141],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3150,3151],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[173,3153,3154,3157,3160],{},[176,3155,3156],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[176,3158,3159],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[176,3161,3162,532,3165,3168],{},[15,3163,3164],{},"all([])",[15,3166,3167],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[39,3170,42],{"id":41},[44,3172,3174],{"className":46,"code":3173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3175,3176,3196,3212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3177,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3179,326],{"class":59},[53,3181,64],{"class":63},[53,3183,68],{"class":67},[53,3185,517],{"class":333},[53,3187,81],{"class":67},[53,3189,790],{"class":333},[53,3191,81],{"class":67},[53,3193,1269],{"class":333},[53,3195,101],{"class":67},[53,3197,3198,3200,3202,3205,3207,3210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3199,351],{"class":59},[53,3201,64],{"class":63},[53,3203,3204],{"class":136}," all",[53,3206,121],{"class":67},[53,3208,3209],{"class":117},"numbers",[53,3211,130],{"class":67},[53,3213,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,3215,137],{"class":136},[53,3217,121],{"class":67},[53,3219,383],{"class":117},[53,3221,145],{"class":67},[53,3223,3224],{"class":148},"  # True\n",[20,3226,3227,532,3229,3231,3232,37],{},[15,3228,3141],{},[15,3230,3167],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3233,3234],{},"False",[39,3236,163,3238,166],{"id":3237},"what-all-does",[15,3239,3141],{},[20,3241,3242,171],{},[15,3243,3141],{},[173,3245,3246,3249,3255,3260],{},[176,3247,3248],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[176,3250,3251,3252,3254],{},"returns ",[15,3253,3167],{}," if all items are truthy",[176,3256,3251,3257,3259],{},[15,3258,3234],{}," if any item is falsy",[176,3261,3262],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3264,3265],{},"Basic syntax:",[44,3267,3269],{"className":46,"code":3268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3270,3271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3272,3273,3276,3278,3281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3274,3275],{"class":136},"all",[53,3277,121],{"class":67},[53,3279,3280],{"class":117},"iterable",[53,3282,130],{"class":67},[20,3284,3285],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[39,3287,3289],{"id":3288},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3291,3292,3293,2438,3295,3297],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3294,3167],{},[15,3296,3234],{}," in conditions.",[173,3299,3300,3308],{},[176,3301,3302,3305,3306],{},[30,3303,3304],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3307,3167],{},[176,3309,3310,3305,3313],{},[30,3311,3312],{},"Falsy",[15,3314,3234],{},[20,3316,3317],{},"Common falsy values include:",[173,3319,3320,3324,3329,3334,3339,3343,3348,3353],{},[176,3321,3322],{},[15,3323,187],{},[176,3325,3326],{},[15,3327,3328],{},"0.0",[176,3330,3331],{},[15,3332,3333],{},"''",[176,3335,3336],{},[15,3337,3338],{},"None",[176,3340,3341],{},[15,3342,3234],{},[176,3344,3345],{},[15,3346,3347],{},"[]",[176,3349,3350],{},[15,3351,3352],{},"{}",[176,3354,3355],{},[15,3356,3357],{},"set()",[20,3359,3360],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3362,3363,3364,37],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[195,3365,3367],{"href":3366},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3369,3370,3371,171],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3372,3373],{},"bool()",[44,3375,3377],{"className":46,"code":3376,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3378,3379,3417,3421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3380,3381,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3395,3397,3400,3402,3404,3407,3409,3411,3415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3382,3383],{"class":59},"values ",[53,3385,64],{"class":63},[53,3387,68],{"class":67},[53,3389,517],{"class":333},[53,3391,81],{"class":67},[53,3393,3394],{"class":333}," 0",[53,3396,81],{"class":67},[53,3398,3399],{"class":71}," ''",[53,3401,81],{"class":67},[53,3403,2857],{"class":71},[53,3405,3406],{"class":75},"hello",[53,3408,2862],{"class":71},[53,3410,81],{"class":67},[53,3412,3414],{"class":3413},"s39Yj"," None",[53,3416,101],{"class":67},[53,3418,3419],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3420,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,3422,3423,3425,3427,3430,3432,3434,3436,3439,3442,3444,3447],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,3424,137],{"class":136},[53,3426,2546],{"class":67},[53,3428,3429],{"class":1320},"bool",[53,3431,121],{"class":67},[53,3433,1735],{"class":117},[53,3435,145],{"class":67},[53,3437,3438],{"class":1041}," for",[53,3440,3441],{"class":117}," x ",[53,3443,1048],{"class":1041},[53,3445,3446],{"class":117}," values",[53,3448,3449],{"class":67},"])\n",[20,3451,388],{},[44,3453,3455],{"className":46,"code":3454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3456,3457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3458,3459,3461,3463,3465,3468,3470,3472,3474,3477,3479,3481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3460,1226],{"class":67},[53,3462,3167],{"class":3413},[53,3464,81],{"class":67},[53,3466,3467],{"class":3413}," False",[53,3469,81],{"class":67},[53,3471,3467],{"class":3413},[53,3473,81],{"class":67},[53,3475,3476],{"class":3413}," True",[53,3478,81],{"class":67},[53,3480,3467],{"class":3413},[53,3482,101],{"class":67},[20,3484,3485,3486,3488],{},"This matters because ",[15,3487,3141],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[39,3490,3492],{"id":3491},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1418,3494,3496],{"id":3495},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[44,3498,3500],{"className":46,"code":3499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3501,3502,3522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3503,3504,3506,3508,3510,3512,3514,3516,3518,3520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3505,326],{"class":59},[53,3507,64],{"class":63},[53,3509,68],{"class":67},[53,3511,517],{"class":333},[53,3513,81],{"class":67},[53,3515,790],{"class":333},[53,3517,81],{"class":67},[53,3519,1269],{"class":333},[53,3521,101],{"class":67},[53,3523,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3525,137],{"class":136},[53,3527,121],{"class":67},[53,3529,3275],{"class":136},[53,3531,121],{"class":67},[53,3533,3209],{"class":117},[53,3535,628],{"class":67},[20,3537,388],{},[44,3539,3541],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n",[15,3542,3543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3544,3545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3546,3540],{"class":3413},[20,3548,3549,3550,532,3552,37],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3551,3141],{},[15,3553,3167],{},[1418,3555,3557],{"id":3556},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[44,3559,3561],{"className":46,"code":3560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3562,3563,3583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3564,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3566,326],{"class":59},[53,3568,64],{"class":63},[53,3570,68],{"class":67},[53,3572,517],{"class":333},[53,3574,81],{"class":67},[53,3576,3394],{"class":333},[53,3578,81],{"class":67},[53,3580,1269],{"class":333},[53,3582,101],{"class":67},[53,3584,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593,3595],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3586,137],{"class":136},[53,3588,121],{"class":67},[53,3590,3275],{"class":136},[53,3592,121],{"class":67},[53,3594,3209],{"class":117},[53,3596,628],{"class":67},[20,3598,388],{},[44,3600,3602],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\n",[15,3603,3604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3605,3606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3607,3601],{"class":3413},[20,3609,3610,3611,3613,3614,532,3616,37],{},"The value ",[15,3612,187],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3615,3141],{},[15,3617,3234],{},[1418,3619,3621],{"id":3620},"example-strings","Example: strings",[44,3623,3625],{"className":46,"code":3624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3626,3627,3660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3628,3629,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3630,3631],{"class":59},"words ",[53,3633,64],{"class":63},[53,3635,68],{"class":67},[53,3637,2862],{"class":71},[53,3639,76],{"class":75},[53,3641,2862],{"class":71},[53,3643,81],{"class":67},[53,3645,2857],{"class":71},[53,3647,87],{"class":75},[53,3649,2862],{"class":71},[53,3651,81],{"class":67},[53,3653,2857],{"class":71},[53,3655,96],{"class":75},[53,3657,2862],{"class":71},[53,3659,101],{"class":67},[53,3661,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3673],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3663,137],{"class":136},[53,3665,121],{"class":67},[53,3667,3275],{"class":136},[53,3669,121],{"class":67},[53,3671,3672],{"class":117},"words",[53,3674,628],{"class":67},[20,3676,388],{},[44,3678,3679],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3680,3681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3682,3683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3684,3540],{"class":3413},[20,3686,3687],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3689,3690],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[44,3692,3694],{"className":46,"code":3693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3695,3696,3724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3697,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3699,3631],{"class":59},[53,3701,64],{"class":63},[53,3703,68],{"class":67},[53,3705,2862],{"class":71},[53,3707,76],{"class":75},[53,3709,2862],{"class":71},[53,3711,81],{"class":67},[53,3713,3399],{"class":71},[53,3715,81],{"class":67},[53,3717,2857],{"class":71},[53,3719,96],{"class":75},[53,3721,2862],{"class":71},[53,3723,101],{"class":67},[53,3725,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3727,137],{"class":136},[53,3729,121],{"class":67},[53,3731,3275],{"class":136},[53,3733,121],{"class":67},[53,3735,3672],{"class":117},[53,3737,628],{"class":67},[20,3739,388],{},[44,3741,3742],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3743,3744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3745,3746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3747,3601],{"class":3413},[20,3749,3750,3751,3753],{},"The empty string ",[15,3752,3333],{}," is falsy.",[39,3755,3757,3758,3760],{"id":3756},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3759,3141],{}," works with conditions",[20,3762,3763,3765],{},[15,3764,3141],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3767,3768],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3770,3771],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[44,3773,3775],{"className":46,"code":3774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3776,3777,3797,3824,3828],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3778,3779,3781,3783,3785,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3780,326],{"class":59},[53,3782,64],{"class":63},[53,3784,68],{"class":67},[53,3786,517],{"class":333},[53,3788,81],{"class":67},[53,3790,790],{"class":333},[53,3792,81],{"class":67},[53,3794,1269],{"class":333},[53,3796,101],{"class":67},[53,3798,3799,3801,3803,3805,3807,3809,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3800,351],{"class":59},[53,3802,64],{"class":63},[53,3804,3204],{"class":136},[53,3806,121],{"class":67},[53,3808,2585],{"class":117},[53,3810,3811],{"class":63},">",[53,3813,3394],{"class":333},[53,3815,3438],{"class":1041},[53,3817,3441],{"class":117},[53,3819,1048],{"class":1041},[53,3821,356],{"class":117},[53,3823,130],{"class":67},[53,3825,3826],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,3827,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,3829,3830,3832,3834,3836],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,3831,137],{"class":136},[53,3833,121],{"class":67},[53,3835,383],{"class":117},[53,3837,130],{"class":67},[20,3839,388],{},[44,3841,3842],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3843,3844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3845,3846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3847,3540],{"class":3413},[20,3849,3850],{},"Here is one that fails:",[44,3852,3854],{"className":46,"code":3853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3855,3856,3878,3904,3908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3857,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3859,326],{"class":59},[53,3861,64],{"class":63},[53,3863,68],{"class":67},[53,3865,517],{"class":333},[53,3867,81],{"class":67},[53,3869,1783],{"class":63},[53,3871,525],{"class":333},[53,3873,81],{"class":67},[53,3875,1269],{"class":333},[53,3877,101],{"class":67},[53,3879,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3881,351],{"class":59},[53,3883,64],{"class":63},[53,3885,3204],{"class":136},[53,3887,121],{"class":67},[53,3889,2585],{"class":117},[53,3891,3811],{"class":63},[53,3893,3394],{"class":333},[53,3895,3438],{"class":1041},[53,3897,3441],{"class":117},[53,3899,1048],{"class":1041},[53,3901,356],{"class":117},[53,3903,130],{"class":67},[53,3905,3906],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,3907,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,3911,137],{"class":136},[53,3913,121],{"class":67},[53,3915,383],{"class":117},[53,3917,130],{"class":67},[20,3919,388],{},[44,3921,3922],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3923,3924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3925,3926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3927,3601],{"class":3413},[20,3929,3930,3931,3934,3935,3937,3938,532,3940,37],{},"The expression ",[15,3932,3933],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3936,3167],{},", then ",[15,3939,3141],{},[15,3941,3167],{},[20,3943,3944],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3946,3947,3948,667,3952,37],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[195,3949,3951],{"href":3950},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[195,3953,3955],{"href":3954},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[39,3957,3959],{"id":3958},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3961,3962,532,3964,37],{},[15,3963,3164],{},[15,3965,3167],{},[20,3967,3968],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3970,316],{},[44,3972,3974],{"className":46,"code":3973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3975,3976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3979,137],{"class":136},[53,3981,121],{"class":67},[53,3983,3275],{"class":136},[53,3985,3986],{"class":67},"([]))\n",[20,3988,388],{},[44,3990,3991],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3992,3993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3994,3995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3996,3540],{"class":3413},[20,3998,3999],{},"Why?",[20,4001,4002],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4004,4005],{},"Think of it this way:",[173,4007,4008,4015,4018],{},[176,4009,4010,532,4012,4014],{},[15,4011,3141],{},[15,4013,3234],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[176,4016,4017],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[176,4019,4020,4021],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4022,3234],{},[20,4024,4025],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4027,4028],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[44,4030,4032],{"className":46,"code":4031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4033,4034,4045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4035,4036,4038,4040,4042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4037,137],{"class":136},[53,4039,121],{"class":67},[53,4041,3275],{"class":136},[53,4043,4044],{"class":67},"(()))\n",[53,4046,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4048,137],{"class":136},[53,4050,121],{"class":67},[53,4052,3275],{"class":136},[53,4054,121],{"class":67},[53,4056,3333],{"class":71},[53,4058,628],{"class":67},[20,4060,388],{},[44,4062,4064],{"className":46,"code":4063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4065,4066,4070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4067,4068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4069,3540],{"class":3413},[53,4071,4072],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4073,3540],{"class":3413},[39,4075,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,4077,4079],{"id":4078},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4081,4082],{},"This is wrong:",[44,4084,4086],{"className":46,"code":4085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4087,4088,4093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4089,4090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4091,4092],{"class":148},"# Wrong\n",[53,4094,4095],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4096,4097],{"class":148},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4099,4100,4102],{},[15,4101,3141],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4104,4105],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[44,4107,4109],{"className":46,"code":4108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4110,4111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4112,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4114,137],{"class":136},[53,4116,121],{"class":67},[53,4118,3275],{"class":136},[53,4120,2546],{"class":67},[53,4122,517],{"class":333},[53,4124,81],{"class":67},[53,4126,790],{"class":333},[53,4128,81],{"class":67},[53,4130,1269],{"class":333},[53,4132,2559],{"class":67},[1418,4134,4136,4137,4139],{"id":4135},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4138,3141],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4141,4142],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[44,4144,4146],{"className":46,"code":4145,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4147,4148,4169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4149,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4163,4165,4167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4151,326],{"class":59},[53,4153,64],{"class":63},[53,4155,68],{"class":67},[53,4157,1698],{"class":333},[53,4159,81],{"class":67},[53,4161,4162],{"class":333}," 5",[53,4164,81],{"class":67},[53,4166,4162],{"class":333},[53,4168,101],{"class":67},[53,4170,4171,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4172,137],{"class":136},[53,4174,121],{"class":67},[53,4176,3275],{"class":136},[53,4178,121],{"class":67},[53,4180,3209],{"class":117},[53,4182,628],{"class":67},[20,4184,4185,4186,4188],{},"This does ",[30,4187,1112],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4190,4191,4192,4194],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4193,1698],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[44,4196,4197],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4198,4199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4200,4201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4202,3540],{"class":3413},[20,4204,4205],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[44,4207,4209],{"className":46,"code":4208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4210,4211,4231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4212,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4214,326],{"class":59},[53,4216,64],{"class":63},[53,4218,68],{"class":67},[53,4220,1698],{"class":333},[53,4222,81],{"class":67},[53,4224,4162],{"class":333},[53,4226,81],{"class":67},[53,4228,4162],{"class":333},[53,4230,101],{"class":67},[53,4232,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4234,137],{"class":136},[53,4236,121],{"class":67},[53,4238,3275],{"class":136},[53,4240,121],{"class":67},[53,4242,2585],{"class":117},[53,4244,4245],{"class":63},"==",[53,4247,4162],{"class":333},[53,4249,3438],{"class":1041},[53,4251,3441],{"class":117},[53,4253,1048],{"class":1041},[53,4255,356],{"class":117},[53,4257,628],{"class":67},[1418,4259,4261,4262,4264],{"id":4260},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4263,187],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[44,4266,4268],{"className":46,"code":4267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4269,4270,4296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4271,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4293],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4273,137],{"class":136},[53,4275,121],{"class":67},[53,4277,3275],{"class":136},[53,4279,2546],{"class":67},[53,4281,517],{"class":333},[53,4283,81],{"class":67},[53,4285,790],{"class":333},[53,4287,81],{"class":67},[53,4289,3394],{"class":333},[53,4291,4292],{"class":67},"]))",[53,4294,4295],{"class":148},"       # False\n",[53,4297,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4299,137],{"class":136},[53,4301,121],{"class":67},[53,4303,3275],{"class":136},[53,4305,2546],{"class":67},[53,4307,2862],{"class":71},[53,4309,195],{"class":75},[53,4311,2862],{"class":71},[53,4313,81],{"class":67},[53,4315,2857],{"class":71},[53,4317,704],{"class":75},[53,4319,2862],{"class":71},[53,4321,81],{"class":67},[53,4323,3399],{"class":71},[53,4325,4292],{"class":67},[53,4327,1293],{"class":148},[20,4329,4330,4331,37],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4332,3234],{},[1418,4334,4336,4337,285,4339],{"id":4335},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4338,3164],{},[15,4340,3167],{},[20,4342,4343],{},"This is expected behavior:",[44,4345,4347],{"className":46,"code":4346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4348,4349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4350,4351,4353,4355,4357,4360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4352,137],{"class":136},[53,4354,121],{"class":67},[53,4356,3275],{"class":136},[53,4358,4359],{"class":67},"([]))",[53,4361,3224],{"class":148},[20,4363,4364,4365,4367],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4366,3167],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4369,4370],{},"Useful quick tests:",[44,4372,4374],{"className":46,"code":4373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4375,4376,4398,4420,4467,4503],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4379,137],{"class":136},[53,4381,121],{"class":67},[53,4383,3275],{"class":136},[53,4385,2546],{"class":67},[53,4387,517],{"class":333},[53,4389,81],{"class":67},[53,4391,790],{"class":333},[53,4393,81],{"class":67},[53,4395,1269],{"class":333},[53,4397,2559],{"class":67},[53,4399,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4401,137],{"class":136},[53,4403,121],{"class":67},[53,4405,3275],{"class":136},[53,4407,2546],{"class":67},[53,4409,517],{"class":333},[53,4411,81],{"class":67},[53,4413,3394],{"class":333},[53,4415,81],{"class":67},[53,4417,1269],{"class":333},[53,4419,2559],{"class":67},[53,4421,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,4423,137],{"class":136},[53,4425,2546],{"class":67},[53,4427,3429],{"class":1320},[53,4429,121],{"class":67},[53,4431,1735],{"class":117},[53,4433,145],{"class":67},[53,4435,3438],{"class":1041},[53,4437,3441],{"class":117},[53,4439,1048],{"class":1041},[53,4441,68],{"class":67},[53,4443,517],{"class":333},[53,4445,81],{"class":67},[53,4447,3394],{"class":333},[53,4449,81],{"class":67},[53,4451,3399],{"class":71},[53,4453,81],{"class":67},[53,4455,2857],{"class":71},[53,4457,3406],{"class":75},[53,4459,2862],{"class":71},[53,4461,81],{"class":67},[53,4463,3414],{"class":3413},[53,4465,4466],{"class":67},"]])\n",[53,4468,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,4470,137],{"class":136},[53,4472,121],{"class":67},[53,4474,3275],{"class":136},[53,4476,121],{"class":67},[53,4478,2585],{"class":117},[53,4480,3811],{"class":63},[53,4482,3394],{"class":333},[53,4484,3438],{"class":1041},[53,4486,3441],{"class":117},[53,4488,1048],{"class":1041},[53,4490,68],{"class":67},[53,4492,517],{"class":333},[53,4494,81],{"class":67},[53,4496,790],{"class":333},[53,4498,81],{"class":67},[53,4500,1269],{"class":333},[53,4502,2559],{"class":67},[53,4504,4505,4507,4509,4511],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,4506,137],{"class":136},[53,4508,121],{"class":67},[53,4510,3275],{"class":136},[53,4512,3986],{"class":67},[39,4514,1391,4516],{"id":4515},"when-to-use-all",[15,4517,3141],{},[20,4519,4520,4522],{},[15,4521,3141],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4524,4525],{},"Common use cases:",[173,4527,4528,4531,4534],{},[176,4529,4530],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[176,4532,4533],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[176,4535,4536],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4538,4539],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[44,4541,4543],{"className":46,"code":4542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4544,4545,4581],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4546,4547,4550,4552,4554,4556,4559,4561,4563,4565,4568,4570,4572,4574,4577,4579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4548,4549],{"class":59},"names ",[53,4551,64],{"class":63},[53,4553,68],{"class":67},[53,4555,2862],{"class":71},[53,4557,4558],{"class":75},"Alice",[53,4560,2862],{"class":71},[53,4562,81],{"class":67},[53,4564,2857],{"class":71},[53,4566,4567],{"class":75},"Bob",[53,4569,2862],{"class":71},[53,4571,81],{"class":67},[53,4573,2857],{"class":71},[53,4575,4576],{"class":75},"Charlie",[53,4578,2862],{"class":71},[53,4580,101],{"class":67},[53,4582,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4584,137],{"class":136},[53,4586,121],{"class":67},[53,4588,3275],{"class":136},[53,4590,121],{"class":67},[53,4592,4593],{"class":117},"names",[53,4595,628],{"class":67},[20,4597,388],{},[44,4599,4600],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4601,4602],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4603,4604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4605,3540],{"class":3413},[20,4607,4608],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[44,4610,4612],{"className":46,"code":4611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4613,4614,4638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4615,4616,4619,4621,4623,4626,4628,4631,4633,4636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4617,4618],{"class":59},"scores ",[53,4620,64],{"class":63},[53,4622,68],{"class":67},[53,4624,4625],{"class":333},"75",[53,4627,81],{"class":67},[53,4629,4630],{"class":333}," 80",[53,4632,81],{"class":67},[53,4634,4635],{"class":333}," 50",[53,4637,101],{"class":67},[53,4639,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4651,4654,4656,4658,4661,4663,4666],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4641,137],{"class":136},[53,4643,121],{"class":67},[53,4645,3275],{"class":136},[53,4647,121],{"class":67},[53,4649,4650],{"class":117},"score ",[53,4652,4653],{"class":63},">=",[53,4655,4635],{"class":333},[53,4657,3438],{"class":1041},[53,4659,4660],{"class":117}," score ",[53,4662,1048],{"class":1041},[53,4664,4665],{"class":117}," scores",[53,4667,628],{"class":67},[20,4669,388],{},[44,4671,4672],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4673,4674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4675,4676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4677,3540],{"class":3413},[20,4679,4680],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4682,4683,4684,667,4688,37],{},"For related tasks, see ",[195,4685,4687],{"href":4686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[195,4689,4691],{"href":4690},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[39,4693,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,4695,1421,4697,1424],{"id":4696},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4698,3141],{},[20,4700,4701,4702,4704,4705,4707],{},"It returns ",[15,4703,3167],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4706,3234],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1418,4709,4711,4712,1152,4714,1459],{"id":4710},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4713,3164],{},[15,4715,3167],{},[20,4717,4718],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1418,4720,1446,4722,4724],{"id":4721},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4723,3141],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4726,4727],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1418,4729,4731,4732,667,4734,1459],{"id":4730},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4733,3141],{},[15,4735,4736],{},"any()",[20,4738,4739,4741,4742,4744,4745,37],{},[15,4740,3141],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4743,4736],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[195,4746,3138,4748,3071],{"href":4747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4749,4736],{},[39,4751,1471],{"id":1470},[173,4753,4754,4760,4764,4769,4774,4779],{},[176,4755,4756],{},[195,4757,3138,4758,3071],{"href":4747},[15,4759,4736],{},[176,4761,4762],{},[195,4763,3367],{"href":3366},[176,4765,4766],{},[195,4767,4768],{"href":4690},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[176,4770,4771],{},[195,4772,4773],{"href":4686},"How to filter a list in Python",[176,4775,4776],{},[195,4777,4778],{"href":3950},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[176,4780,4781],{},[195,4782,4783],{"href":3954},"What is an iterable in Python",[1494,4785,4786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":4788},[4789,4790,4792,4793,4798,4800,4801,4810,4812,4822],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":3237,"depth":104,"text":4791},"What all() does",{"id":3288,"depth":104,"text":3289},{"id":3491,"depth":104,"text":3492,"children":4794},[4795,4796,4797],{"id":3495,"depth":133,"text":3496},{"id":3556,"depth":133,"text":3557},{"id":3620,"depth":133,"text":3621},{"id":3756,"depth":104,"text":4799},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3958,"depth":104,"text":3959},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":4802},[4803,4804,4806,4808],{"id":4078,"depth":133,"text":4079},{"id":4135,"depth":133,"text":4805},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4260,"depth":133,"text":4807},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4335,"depth":133,"text":4809},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4515,"depth":104,"text":4811},"When to use all()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":4813},[4814,4816,4818,4820],{"id":4696,"depth":133,"text":4815},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4710,"depth":133,"text":4817},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4721,"depth":133,"text":4819},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4730,"depth":133,"text":4821},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3132,"description":4823},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4830,"title":4831,"body":4832,"description":6519,"extension":1524,"meta":6520,"navigation":372,"path":4747,"seo":6521,"stem":6522,"__hash__":6523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4833,"toc":6497},[4834,4837,4845,4848,4865,4873,4916,4925,4929,4934,4937,4954,4957,4968,4980,4984,4987,5002,5007,5010,5022,5025,5109,5112,5133,5139,5141,5149,5163,5165,5199,5201,5204,5265,5267,5284,5287,5314,5316,5324,5336,5340,5343,5382,5384,5392,5394,5410,5418,5421,5464,5466,5474,5479,5483,5491,5494,5520,5523,5526,5600,5602,5610,5617,5641,5652,5655,5734,5736,5744,5751,5755,5760,5775,5777,5785,5788,5794,5797,5843,5845,5862,5866,5871,5882,5885,5998,6001,6060,6066,6068,6073,6077,6079,6098,6104,6107,6126,6130,6139,6166,6168,6176,6183,6187,6193,6216,6218,6226,6233,6237,6240,6291,6294,6345,6348,6350,6354,6361,6365,6372,6376,6384,6388,6391,6413,6415,6465,6467,6494],[10,4835,4831],{"id":4836},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4838,4839,4841,4842,37],{},[15,4840,4736],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4843,4844],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4846,4847],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[173,4849,4850,4853,4856,4859,4862],{},[176,4851,4852],{},"lists",[176,4854,4855],{},"tuples",[176,4857,4858],{},"sets",[176,4860,4861],{},"strings",[176,4863,4864],{},"generator expressions",[20,4866,4867,4868,2438,4870,4872],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4869,3167],{},[15,4871,3234],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[44,4874,4876],{"className":46,"code":4875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4877,4878,4898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4879,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4881,3383],{"class":59},[53,4883,64],{"class":63},[53,4885,68],{"class":67},[53,4887,187],{"class":333},[53,4889,81],{"class":67},[53,4891,3399],{"class":71},[53,4893,81],{"class":67},[53,4895,4162],{"class":333},[53,4897,101],{"class":67},[53,4899,4900,4902,4904,4907,4909,4912,4914],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4901,137],{"class":136},[53,4903,121],{"class":67},[53,4905,4906],{"class":136},"any",[53,4908,121],{"class":67},[53,4910,4911],{"class":117},"values",[53,4913,762],{"class":67},[53,4915,3224],{"class":148},[20,4917,152,4918,4921,4922,4924],{},[15,4919,4920],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4923,3167],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[39,4926,4928],{"id":4927},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4930,4931,4933],{},[15,4932,4736],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4935,4936],{},"It returns:",[173,4938,4939,4944,4949],{},[176,4940,4941,4943],{},[15,4942,3167],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[176,4945,4946,4948],{},[15,4947,3234],{}," if all items are falsy",[176,4950,4951,4953],{},[15,4952,3234],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4955,4956],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[173,4958,4959,4962,4965],{},[176,4960,4961],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[176,4963,4964],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[176,4966,4967],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4969,4970,4971,4974,4975,37],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,4972,4973],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[195,4976,4978],{"href":4977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4979,3141],{},[39,4981,4983],{"id":4982},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4985,4986],{},"The syntax is simple:",[44,4988,4990],{"className":46,"code":4989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4991,4992],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4993,4994,4996,4998,5000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4995,4906],{"class":136},[53,4997,121],{"class":67},[53,4999,3280],{"class":117},[53,5001,130],{"class":67},[20,5003,5004,5005,37],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,5006,3280],{},[20,5008,5009],{},"Common inputs include:",[173,5011,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020],{},[176,5013,4852],{},[176,5015,4855],{},[176,5017,4858],{},[176,5019,4861],{},[176,5021,4864],{},[20,5023,5024],{},"For example:",[44,5026,5028],{"className":46,"code":5027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5029,5030,5052,5071,5091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5031,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5033,137],{"class":136},[53,5035,121],{"class":67},[53,5037,4906],{"class":136},[53,5039,2546],{"class":67},[53,5041,187],{"class":333},[53,5043,81],{"class":67},[53,5045,3394],{"class":333},[53,5047,81],{"class":67},[53,5049,821],{"class":333},[53,5051,2559],{"class":67},[53,5053,5054,5056,5058,5060,5063,5065,5067,5069],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5055,137],{"class":136},[53,5057,121],{"class":67},[53,5059,4906],{"class":136},[53,5061,5062],{"class":67},"((",[53,5064,3234],{"class":3413},[53,5066,81],{"class":67},[53,5068,3467],{"class":3413},[53,5070,2472],{"class":67},[53,5072,5073,5075,5077,5079,5082,5084,5086,5088],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5074,137],{"class":136},[53,5076,121],{"class":67},[53,5078,4906],{"class":136},[53,5080,5081],{"class":67},"({",[53,5083,187],{"class":333},[53,5085,81],{"class":67},[53,5087,790],{"class":333},[53,5089,5090],{"class":67},"}))\n",[53,5092,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,5094,137],{"class":136},[53,5096,121],{"class":67},[53,5098,4906],{"class":136},[53,5100,121],{"class":67},[53,5102,72],{"class":71},[53,5104,3406],{"class":75},[53,5106,72],{"class":71},[53,5108,628],{"class":67},[20,5110,5111],{},"Expected output:",[44,5113,5115],{"className":46,"code":5114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5116,5117,5121,5125,5129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5118,5119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5120,3540],{"class":3413},[53,5122,5123],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5124,3601],{"class":3413},[53,5126,5127],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5128,3540],{"class":3413},[53,5130,5131],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,5132,3540],{"class":3413},[20,5134,5135,5136,37],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[195,5137,4691],{"href":5138},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[39,5140,3289],{"id":3288},[20,5142,3292,5143,2438,5146,3297],{},[30,5144,5145],{},"truthy",[30,5147,5148],{},"falsy",[173,5150,5151,5157],{},[176,5152,5153,3305,5155],{},[30,5154,3304],{},[15,5156,3167],{},[176,5158,5159,3305,5161],{},[30,5160,3312],{},[15,5162,3234],{},[20,5164,3317],{},[173,5166,5167,5171,5175,5179,5183,5187,5191,5195],{},[176,5168,5169],{},[15,5170,3234],{},[176,5172,5173],{},[15,5174,187],{},[176,5176,5177],{},[15,5178,3328],{},[176,5180,5181],{},[15,5182,3333],{},[176,5184,5185],{},[15,5186,3347],{},[176,5188,5189],{},[15,5190,3352],{},[176,5192,5193],{},[15,5194,3357],{},[176,5196,5197],{},[15,5198,3338],{},[20,5200,3360],{},[20,5202,5203],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[44,5205,5207],{"className":46,"code":5206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5208,5209,5223,5241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5210,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5212,137],{"class":136},[53,5214,121],{"class":67},[53,5216,4906],{"class":136},[53,5218,2546],{"class":67},[53,5220,517],{"class":333},[53,5222,2559],{"class":67},[53,5224,5225,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5237,5239],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5226,137],{"class":136},[53,5228,121],{"class":67},[53,5230,4906],{"class":136},[53,5232,2546],{"class":67},[53,5234,2862],{"class":71},[53,5236,3406],{"class":75},[53,5238,2862],{"class":71},[53,5240,2559],{"class":67},[53,5242,5243,5245,5247,5249,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5244,137],{"class":136},[53,5246,121],{"class":67},[53,5248,4906],{"class":136},[53,5250,5251],{"class":67},"([[",[53,5253,517],{"class":333},[53,5255,81],{"class":67},[53,5257,790],{"class":333},[53,5259,81],{"class":67},[53,5261,1269],{"class":333},[53,5263,5264],{"class":67},"]]))\n",[20,5266,5111],{},[44,5268,5270],{"className":46,"code":5269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5271,5272,5276,5280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5273,5274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5275,3540],{"class":3413},[53,5277,5278],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5279,3540],{"class":3413},[53,5281,5282],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5283,3540],{"class":3413},[20,5285,5286],{},"And these are all falsy:",[44,5288,5290],{"className":46,"code":5289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5291,5292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5293,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5295,137],{"class":136},[53,5297,121],{"class":67},[53,5299,4906],{"class":136},[53,5301,2546],{"class":67},[53,5303,187],{"class":333},[53,5305,81],{"class":67},[53,5307,3399],{"class":71},[53,5309,81],{"class":67},[53,5311,3414],{"class":3413},[53,5313,2559],{"class":67},[20,5315,5111],{},[44,5317,5318],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5319,5320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5321,5322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5323,3601],{"class":3413},[20,5325,5326,5327,667,5330,37],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[195,5328,3367],{"href":5329},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[195,5331,5333,5335],{"href":5332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5334,3373],{}," explained",[39,5337,5339],{"id":5338},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5341,5342],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[44,5344,5346],{"className":46,"code":5345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5347,5348,5368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5349,5350,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5351,3383],{"class":59},[53,5353,64],{"class":63},[53,5355,68],{"class":67},[53,5357,187],{"class":333},[53,5359,81],{"class":67},[53,5361,3399],{"class":71},[53,5363,81],{"class":67},[53,5365,4162],{"class":333},[53,5367,101],{"class":67},[53,5369,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5371,137],{"class":136},[53,5373,121],{"class":67},[53,5375,4906],{"class":136},[53,5377,121],{"class":67},[53,5379,4911],{"class":117},[53,5381,628],{"class":67},[20,5383,388],{},[44,5385,5386],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5387,5388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5389,5390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5391,3540],{"class":3413},[20,5393,3999],{},[173,5395,5396,5401,5405],{},[176,5397,5398,5400],{},[15,5399,187],{}," is falsy",[176,5402,5403,5400],{},[15,5404,3333],{},[176,5406,5407,5409],{},[15,5408,1698],{}," is truthy",[20,5411,5412,5413,532,5416,37],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5414,5415],{},"any(values)",[15,5417,3167],{},[20,5419,5420],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[44,5422,5424],{"className":46,"code":5423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5425,5426,5450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5429,3383],{"class":59},[53,5431,64],{"class":63},[53,5433,68],{"class":67},[53,5435,187],{"class":333},[53,5437,81],{"class":67},[53,5439,3399],{"class":71},[53,5441,81],{"class":67},[53,5443,3414],{"class":3413},[53,5445,81],{"class":67},[53,5447,3467],{"class":3413},[53,5449,101],{"class":67},[53,5451,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5453,137],{"class":136},[53,5455,121],{"class":67},[53,5457,4906],{"class":136},[53,5459,121],{"class":67},[53,5461,4911],{"class":117},[53,5463,628],{"class":67},[20,5465,388],{},[44,5467,5468],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5469,5470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5471,5472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5473,3601],{"class":3413},[20,5475,5476,5477,37],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5478,3234],{},[39,5480,5482],{"id":5481},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5484,5485,5487,5488,37],{},[15,5486,4736],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5489,5490],{},"generator expression",[20,5492,5493],{},"This is a common pattern:",[44,5495,5497],{"className":46,"code":5496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5498,5499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5500,5501,5503,5505,5508,5511,5514,5516,5518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5502,4906],{"class":136},[53,5504,121],{"class":67},[53,5506,5507],{"class":117},"condition ",[53,5509,5510],{"class":1041},"for",[53,5512,5513],{"class":117}," item ",[53,5515,1048],{"class":1041},[53,5517,112],{"class":117},[53,5519,130],{"class":67},[20,5521,5522],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5524,5525],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[44,5527,5529],{"className":46,"code":5528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5530,5531,5559,5563,5590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5532,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554,5557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5534,326],{"class":59},[53,5536,64],{"class":63},[53,5538,68],{"class":67},[53,5540,2062],{"class":333},[53,5542,81],{"class":67},[53,5544,5545],{"class":333}," 7",[53,5547,81],{"class":67},[53,5549,1783],{"class":63},[53,5551,525],{"class":333},[53,5553,81],{"class":67},[53,5555,5556],{"class":333}," 10",[53,5558,101],{"class":67},[53,5560,5561],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5562,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,5564,5565,5567,5569,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5566,351],{"class":59},[53,5568,64],{"class":63},[53,5570,5571],{"class":136}," any",[53,5573,121],{"class":67},[53,5575,2585],{"class":117},[53,5577,2851],{"class":63},[53,5579,3394],{"class":333},[53,5581,3438],{"class":1041},[53,5583,3441],{"class":117},[53,5585,1048],{"class":1041},[53,5587,356],{"class":117},[53,5589,130],{"class":67},[53,5591,5592,5594,5596,5598],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,5593,137],{"class":136},[53,5595,121],{"class":67},[53,5597,383],{"class":117},[53,5599,130],{"class":67},[20,5601,388],{},[44,5603,5604],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5605,5606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5607,5608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5609,3540],{"class":3413},[20,5611,5612,5613,5616],{},"This works because ",[15,5614,5615],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[173,5618,5619,5627,5634],{},[176,5620,5621,5624,5625],{},[15,5622,5623],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5626,3234],{},[176,5628,5629,5624,5632],{},[15,5630,5631],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5633,3234],{},[176,5635,5636,5624,5639],{},[15,5637,5638],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5640,3167],{},[20,5642,5643,5644,5646,5647,5649,5650,37],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5645,3167],{}," result, ",[15,5648,4736],{}," can return ",[15,5651,3167],{},[20,5653,5654],{},"Here is another example:",[44,5656,5658],{"className":46,"code":5657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5659,5660,5689,5693,5723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5661,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5663,3631],{"class":59},[53,5665,64],{"class":63},[53,5667,68],{"class":67},[53,5669,72],{"class":71},[53,5671,76],{"class":75},[53,5673,72],{"class":71},[53,5675,81],{"class":67},[53,5677,5678],{"class":71}," \"\"",[53,5680,81],{"class":67},[53,5682,84],{"class":71},[53,5684,87],{"class":75},[53,5686,72],{"class":71},[53,5688,101],{"class":67},[53,5690,5691],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5692,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,5694,5695,5698,5700,5702,5704,5707,5709,5711,5713,5716,5718,5721],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5696,5697],{"class":59},"has_empty_string ",[53,5699,64],{"class":63},[53,5701,5571],{"class":136},[53,5703,121],{"class":67},[53,5705,5706],{"class":117},"word ",[53,5708,4245],{"class":63},[53,5710,5678],{"class":71},[53,5712,3438],{"class":1041},[53,5714,5715],{"class":117}," word ",[53,5717,1048],{"class":1041},[53,5719,5720],{"class":117}," words",[53,5722,130],{"class":67},[53,5724,5725,5727,5729,5732],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,5726,137],{"class":136},[53,5728,121],{"class":67},[53,5730,5731],{"class":117},"has_empty_string",[53,5733,130],{"class":67},[20,5735,388],{},[44,5737,5738],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5739,5740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5741,5742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5743,3540],{"class":3413},[20,5745,5746,5747,37],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[195,5748,5750],{"href":5749},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[39,5752,5754],{"id":5753},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5756,5757,5758,171],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5759,3234],{},[44,5761,5763],{"className":46,"code":5762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5764,5765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5766,5767,5769,5771,5773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5768,137],{"class":136},[53,5770,121],{"class":67},[53,5772,4906],{"class":136},[53,5774,3986],{"class":67},[20,5776,388],{},[44,5778,5779],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5780,5781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5782,5783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5784,3601],{"class":3413},[20,5786,5787],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5789,5790,5791,5793],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5792,4736],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5795,5796],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[44,5798,5800],{"className":46,"code":5799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5801,5802,5812,5827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5803,5804,5806,5808,5810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5805,137],{"class":136},[53,5807,121],{"class":67},[53,5809,4906],{"class":136},[53,5811,4044],{"class":67},[53,5813,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822,5825],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5815,137],{"class":136},[53,5817,121],{"class":67},[53,5819,4906],{"class":136},[53,5821,121],{"class":67},[53,5823,5824],{"class":71},"\"\"",[53,5826,628],{"class":67},[53,5828,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5840],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5830,137],{"class":136},[53,5832,121],{"class":67},[53,5834,4906],{"class":136},[53,5836,121],{"class":67},[53,5838,5839],{"class":1320},"set",[53,5841,5842],{"class":67},"()))\n",[20,5844,388],{},[44,5846,5848],{"className":46,"code":5847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5849,5850,5854,5858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5851,5852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5853,3601],{"class":3413},[53,5855,5856],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5857,3601],{"class":3413},[53,5859,5860],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5861,3601],{"class":3413},[39,5863,5865],{"id":5864},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5867,152,5868,5870],{},[15,5869,4736],{}," when you want to:",[173,5872,5873,5876,5879],{},[176,5874,5875],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[176,5877,5878],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[176,5880,5881],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5883,5884],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[44,5886,5888],{"className":46,"code":5887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5889,5890,5915,5919,5929,5933,5946,5965,5975,5981,5986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5891,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5893,326],{"class":59},[53,5895,64],{"class":63},[53,5897,68],{"class":67},[53,5899,517],{"class":333},[53,5901,81],{"class":67},[53,5903,1269],{"class":333},[53,5905,81],{"class":67},[53,5907,4162],{"class":333},[53,5909,81],{"class":67},[53,5911,5912],{"class":333}," 8",[53,5914,101],{"class":67},[53,5916,5917],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5918,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,5920,5921,5924,5926],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,5922,5923],{"class":59},"found_even ",[53,5925,64],{"class":63},[53,5927,5928],{"class":3413}," False\n",[53,5930,5931],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,5932,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,5934,5935,5937,5940,5942,5944],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,5936,5510],{"class":1041},[53,5938,5939],{"class":59}," number ",[53,5941,1048],{"class":1041},[53,5943,356],{"class":59},[53,5945,1053],{"class":67},[53,5947,5948,5951,5953,5956,5958,5961,5963],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,5949,5950],{"class":1041},"    if",[53,5952,5939],{"class":59},[53,5954,5955],{"class":63},"%",[53,5957,790],{"class":333},[53,5959,5960],{"class":63}," ==",[53,5962,3394],{"class":333},[53,5964,1053],{"class":67},[53,5966,5967,5970,5972],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,5968,5969],{"class":59},"        found_even ",[53,5971,64],{"class":63},[53,5973,5974],{"class":3413}," True\n",[53,5976,5978],{"class":55,"line":5977},8,[53,5979,5980],{"class":1041},"        break\n",[53,5982,5984],{"class":55,"line":5983},9,[53,5985,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,5987,5989,5991,5993,5996],{"class":55,"line":5988},10,[53,5990,137],{"class":136},[53,5992,121],{"class":67},[53,5994,5995],{"class":117},"found_even",[53,5997,130],{"class":67},[20,5999,6000],{},"You can write:",[44,6002,6004],{"className":46,"code":6003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6005,6006,6030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6007,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018,6020,6022,6024,6026,6028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6009,326],{"class":59},[53,6011,64],{"class":63},[53,6013,68],{"class":67},[53,6015,517],{"class":333},[53,6017,81],{"class":67},[53,6019,1269],{"class":333},[53,6021,81],{"class":67},[53,6023,4162],{"class":333},[53,6025,81],{"class":67},[53,6027,5912],{"class":333},[53,6029,101],{"class":67},[53,6031,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6033,137],{"class":136},[53,6035,121],{"class":67},[53,6037,4906],{"class":136},[53,6039,121],{"class":67},[53,6041,1778],{"class":117},[53,6043,5955],{"class":63},[53,6045,790],{"class":333},[53,6047,5960],{"class":63},[53,6049,3394],{"class":333},[53,6051,3438],{"class":1041},[53,6053,5939],{"class":117},[53,6055,1048],{"class":1041},[53,6057,356],{"class":117},[53,6059,628],{"class":67},[20,6061,6062,6063,6065],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6064,4736],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[39,6067,1129],{"id":1128},[20,6069,6070,6071,37],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6072,4736],{},[1418,6074,6076],{"id":6075},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6078,4082],{},[44,6080,6082],{"className":46,"code":6081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6083,6084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6085,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6087,137],{"class":136},[53,6089,121],{"class":67},[53,6091,4906],{"class":136},[53,6093,121],{"class":67},[53,6095,1698],{"class":333},[53,6097,628],{"class":67},[20,6099,6100,6101,6103],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6102,1698],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6105,6106],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[44,6108,6110],{"className":46,"code":6109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6111,6112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6113,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122,6124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6115,137],{"class":136},[53,6117,121],{"class":67},[53,6119,4906],{"class":136},[53,6121,2546],{"class":67},[53,6123,1698],{"class":333},[53,6125,2559],{"class":67},[1418,6127,6129],{"id":6128},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6131,6132,6134,6135,6138],{},[15,6133,4736],{}," needs only ",[30,6136,6137],{},"one"," truthy item.",[44,6140,6142],{"className":46,"code":6141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6143,6144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6145,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6147,137],{"class":136},[53,6149,121],{"class":67},[53,6151,4906],{"class":136},[53,6153,2546],{"class":67},[53,6155,3234],{"class":3413},[53,6157,81],{"class":67},[53,6159,3467],{"class":3413},[53,6161,81],{"class":67},[53,6163,3476],{"class":3413},[53,6165,2559],{"class":67},[20,6167,388],{},[44,6169,6170],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6171,6172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6173,6174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6175,3540],{"class":3413},[20,6177,6178,6179,1442],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[195,6180,6181],{"href":4977},[15,6182,3141],{},[1418,6184,6186],{"id":6185},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6188,6189,6190,37],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6191,6192],{},"\"True\"",[44,6194,6196],{"className":46,"code":6195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6197,6198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6199,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6201,137],{"class":136},[53,6203,121],{"class":67},[53,6205,4906],{"class":136},[53,6207,2546],{"class":67},[53,6209,72],{"class":71},[53,6211,3234],{"class":75},[53,6213,72],{"class":71},[53,6215,2559],{"class":67},[20,6217,388],{},[44,6219,6220],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6221,6222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6223,6224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6225,3540],{"class":3413},[20,6227,6228,6229,6232],{},"That is because ",[15,6230,6231],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1418,6234,6236],{"id":6235},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6238,6239],{},"This works:",[44,6241,6243],{"className":46,"code":6242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6244,6245,6265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6246,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6248,326],{"class":59},[53,6250,64],{"class":63},[53,6252,68],{"class":67},[53,6254,517],{"class":333},[53,6256,81],{"class":67},[53,6258,790],{"class":333},[53,6260,81],{"class":67},[53,6262,1269],{"class":333},[53,6264,101],{"class":67},[53,6266,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6285,6287,6289],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6268,137],{"class":136},[53,6270,121],{"class":67},[53,6272,4906],{"class":136},[53,6274,2546],{"class":67},[53,6276,2585],{"class":117},[53,6278,3811],{"class":63},[53,6280,790],{"class":333},[53,6282,3438],{"class":1041},[53,6284,3441],{"class":117},[53,6286,1048],{"class":1041},[53,6288,356],{"class":117},[53,6290,2559],{"class":67},[20,6292,6293],{},"But this is usually better:",[44,6295,6297],{"className":46,"code":6296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6298,6299,6319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6300,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6302,326],{"class":59},[53,6304,64],{"class":63},[53,6306,68],{"class":67},[53,6308,517],{"class":333},[53,6310,81],{"class":67},[53,6312,790],{"class":333},[53,6314,81],{"class":67},[53,6316,1269],{"class":333},[53,6318,101],{"class":67},[53,6320,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6322,137],{"class":136},[53,6324,121],{"class":67},[53,6326,4906],{"class":136},[53,6328,121],{"class":67},[53,6330,2585],{"class":117},[53,6332,3811],{"class":63},[53,6334,790],{"class":333},[53,6336,3438],{"class":1041},[53,6338,3441],{"class":117},[53,6340,1048],{"class":1041},[53,6342,356],{"class":117},[53,6344,628],{"class":67},[20,6346,6347],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[39,6349,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,6351,6353],{"id":6352},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6355,4701,6356,6358,6359,37],{},[15,6357,3167],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6360,3234],{},[1418,6362,6364],{"id":6363},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6366,6367,532,6369,6371],{},[15,6368,4736],{},[15,6370,3234],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1418,6373,6375],{"id":6374},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6377,6378,6380,6381,6383],{},[15,6379,4736],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6382,3141],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1418,6385,6387],{"id":6386},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6389,6390],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[44,6392,6393],{"className":46,"code":5496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6394,6395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6396,6397,6399,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6398,4906],{"class":136},[53,6400,121],{"class":67},[53,6402,5507],{"class":117},[53,6404,5510],{"class":1041},[53,6406,5513],{"class":117},[53,6408,1048],{"class":1041},[53,6410,112],{"class":117},[53,6412,130],{"class":67},[20,6414,5024],{},[44,6416,6417],{"className":46,"code":6296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6418,6419,6439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6420,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6422,326],{"class":59},[53,6424,64],{"class":63},[53,6426,68],{"class":67},[53,6428,517],{"class":333},[53,6430,81],{"class":67},[53,6432,790],{"class":333},[53,6434,81],{"class":67},[53,6436,1269],{"class":333},[53,6438,101],{"class":67},[53,6440,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459,6461,6463],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6442,137],{"class":136},[53,6444,121],{"class":67},[53,6446,4906],{"class":136},[53,6448,121],{"class":67},[53,6450,2585],{"class":117},[53,6452,3811],{"class":63},[53,6454,790],{"class":333},[53,6456,3438],{"class":1041},[53,6458,3441],{"class":117},[53,6460,1048],{"class":1041},[53,6462,356],{"class":117},[53,6464,628],{"class":67},[39,6466,1471],{"id":1470},[173,6468,6469,6475,6479,6483,6488],{},[176,6470,6471],{},[195,6472,6473,3071],{"href":4977},[15,6474,3141],{},[176,6476,6477],{},[195,6478,3367],{"href":5329},[176,6480,6481],{},[195,6482,4768],{"href":5138},[176,6484,6485],{},[195,6486,6487],{"href":5749},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[176,6489,6490],{},[195,6491,6492,3071],{"href":5332},[15,6493,3373],{},[1494,6495,6496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":6498},[6499,6500,6501,6502,6503,6504,6505,6506,6512,6518],{"id":4927,"depth":104,"text":4928},{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983},{"id":3288,"depth":104,"text":3289},{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":5481,"depth":104,"text":5482},{"id":5753,"depth":104,"text":5754},{"id":5864,"depth":104,"text":5865},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":6507},[6508,6509,6510,6511],{"id":6075,"depth":133,"text":6076},{"id":6128,"depth":133,"text":6129},{"id":6185,"depth":133,"text":6186},{"id":6235,"depth":133,"text":6236},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":6513},[6514,6515,6516,6517],{"id":6352,"depth":133,"text":6353},{"id":6363,"depth":133,"text":6364},{"id":6374,"depth":133,"text":6375},{"id":6386,"depth":133,"text":6387},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4831,"description":6519},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6525,"title":6526,"body":6527,"description":8654,"extension":1524,"meta":8655,"navigation":372,"path":8656,"seo":8657,"stem":8658,"__hash__":8659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6528,"toc":8617},[6529,6532,6541,6550,6552,6649,6651,6680,6696,6700,6705,6708,6718,6724,6730,6746,6748,6756,6763,6767,6770,6785,6790,6808,6813,6815,6863,6865,6882,6886,6892,6895,6930,6932,7038,7040,7077,7081,7089,7091,7111,7113,7234,7236,7265,7268,7291,7293,7301,7309,7313,7319,7323,7362,7364,7372,7375,7403,7405,7413,7417,7446,7448,7456,7488,7490,7498,7502,7553,7555,7563,7571,7575,7578,7630,7632,7653,7660,7664,7670,7673,7681,7703,7705,7713,7721,7744,7746,7754,7759,7764,7776,7778,7819,7830,7834,7843,7846,7849,7907,7910,7961,7964,7969,7985,7991,7993,7998,8007,8010,8032,8034,8042,8047,8050,8085,8087,8095,8099,8104,8142,8154,8157,8212,8220,8224,8227,8249,8258,8261,8302,8304,8327,8333,8339,8354,8356,8376,8379,8398,8400,8419,8423,8429,8508,8511,8525,8532,8534,8538,8545,8549,8553,8557,8562,8566,8571,8575,8582,8584,8614],[10,6530,6526],{"id":6531},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6533,1541,6534,6536,6537,2438,6539,37],{},[15,6535,3373],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6538,3167],{},[15,6540,3234],{},[20,6542,6543,6544,6546,6547,6549],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6545,3373],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6548,1042],{}," statements and other conditions.",[39,6551,42],{"id":41},[44,6553,6555],{"className":46,"code":6554,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6556,6557,6571,6585,6599,6617,6627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6558,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6560,137],{"class":136},[53,6562,121],{"class":67},[53,6564,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6566,121],{"class":67},[53,6568,187],{"class":333},[53,6570,628],{"class":67},[53,6572,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6574,137],{"class":136},[53,6576,121],{"class":67},[53,6578,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6580,121],{"class":67},[53,6582,517],{"class":333},[53,6584,628],{"class":67},[53,6586,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595,6597],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,6588,137],{"class":136},[53,6590,121],{"class":67},[53,6592,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6594,121],{"class":67},[53,6596,5824],{"class":71},[53,6598,628],{"class":67},[53,6600,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,6602,137],{"class":136},[53,6604,121],{"class":67},[53,6606,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6608,121],{"class":67},[53,6610,72],{"class":71},[53,6612,3406],{"class":75},[53,6614,72],{"class":71},[53,6616,628],{"class":67},[53,6618,6619,6621,6623,6625],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,6620,137],{"class":136},[53,6622,121],{"class":67},[53,6624,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6626,3986],{"class":67},[53,6628,6629,6631,6633,6635,6637,6639,6641,6643,6645,6647],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,6630,137],{"class":136},[53,6632,121],{"class":67},[53,6634,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6636,2546],{"class":67},[53,6638,517],{"class":333},[53,6640,81],{"class":67},[53,6642,790],{"class":333},[53,6644,81],{"class":67},[53,6646,1269],{"class":333},[53,6648,2559],{"class":67},[20,6650,5111],{},[44,6652,6654],{"className":46,"code":6653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6655,6656,6660,6664,6668,6672,6676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6657,6658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6659,3601],{"class":3413},[53,6661,6662],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6663,3540],{"class":3413},[53,6665,6666],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,6667,3601],{"class":3413},[53,6669,6670],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,6671,3540],{"class":3413},[53,6673,6674],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,6675,3601],{"class":3413},[53,6677,6678],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,6679,3540],{"class":3413},[20,6681,152,6682,6685,6686,2438,6688,6690,6691,6693,6694,37],{},[15,6683,6684],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6687,3167],{},[15,6689,3234],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6692,3234],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6695,3167],{},[39,6697,6699],{"id":6698},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6701,6702,6704],{},[15,6703,3373],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6706,6707],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[173,6709,6710,6714],{},[176,6711,6712],{},[15,6713,3167],{},[176,6715,6716],{},[15,6717,3234],{},[20,6719,6720,6721,6723],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6722,1042],{}," statements.",[20,6725,6726,6727,6729],{},"You can also call ",[15,6728,3373],{}," with no argument:",[44,6731,6733],{"className":46,"code":6732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool())\n",[15,6734,6735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6736,6737,6739,6741,6743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6738,137],{"class":136},[53,6740,121],{"class":67},[53,6742,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6744,6745],{"class":67},"())\n",[20,6747,388],{},[44,6749,6750],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6751,6752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6753,6754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6755,3601],{"class":3413},[20,6757,6758,6759,37],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[195,6760,6762],{"href":6761},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[39,6764,6766],{"id":6765},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6768,6769],{},"The basic syntax is:",[44,6771,6773],{"className":46,"code":6772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bool(value)\n",[15,6774,6775],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6776,6777,6779,6781,6783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6778,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6780,121],{"class":67},[53,6782,224],{"class":117},[53,6784,130],{"class":67},[20,6786,1541,6787,6789],{},[15,6788,224],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[173,6791,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6803,6805],{},[176,6793,3209],{},[176,6795,4861],{},[176,6797,4852],{},[176,6799,4855],{},[176,6801,6802],{},"dictionaries",[176,6804,4858],{},[176,6806,6807],{},"other objects",[20,6809,6810,6811,37],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6812,3234],{},[20,6814,316],{},[44,6816,6818],{"className":46,"code":6817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6819,6820,6834,6853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6821,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6823,137],{"class":136},[53,6825,121],{"class":67},[53,6827,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6829,121],{"class":67},[53,6831,334],{"class":333},[53,6833,628],{"class":67},[53,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6849,6851],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6837,137],{"class":136},[53,6839,121],{"class":67},[53,6841,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6843,121],{"class":67},[53,6845,72],{"class":71},[53,6847,6848],{"class":75},"Python",[53,6850,72],{"class":71},[53,6852,628],{"class":67},[53,6854,6855,6857,6859,6861],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,6856,137],{"class":136},[53,6858,121],{"class":67},[53,6860,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6862,6745],{"class":67},[20,6864,388],{},[44,6866,6868],{"className":46,"code":6867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6869,6870,6874,6878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6871,6872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6873,3540],{"class":3413},[53,6875,6876],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6877,3540],{"class":3413},[53,6879,6880],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,6881,3601],{"class":3413},[39,6883,6885],{"id":6884},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6887,6888,6889,6891],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,6890,5148],{}," values.",[20,6893,6894],{},"Common examples:",[173,6896,6897,6901,6905,6909,6913,6918,6922,6926],{},[176,6898,6899],{},[15,6900,187],{},[176,6902,6903],{},[15,6904,3328],{},[176,6906,6907],{},[15,6908,5824],{},[176,6910,6911],{},[15,6912,3347],{},[176,6914,6915],{},[15,6916,6917],{},"()",[176,6919,6920],{},[15,6921,3352],{},[176,6923,6924],{},[15,6925,3357],{},[176,6927,6928],{},[15,6929,3338],{},[20,6931,316],{},[44,6933,6935],{"className":46,"code":6934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6936,6937,6951,6965,6979,6989,6999,7010,7024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6938,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6940,137],{"class":136},[53,6942,121],{"class":67},[53,6944,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6946,121],{"class":67},[53,6948,187],{"class":333},[53,6950,628],{"class":67},[53,6952,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6954,137],{"class":136},[53,6956,121],{"class":67},[53,6958,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6960,121],{"class":67},[53,6962,3328],{"class":333},[53,6964,628],{"class":67},[53,6966,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,6968,137],{"class":136},[53,6970,121],{"class":67},[53,6972,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6974,121],{"class":67},[53,6976,5824],{"class":71},[53,6978,628],{"class":67},[53,6980,6981,6983,6985,6987],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,6982,137],{"class":136},[53,6984,121],{"class":67},[53,6986,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6988,3986],{"class":67},[53,6990,6991,6993,6995,6997],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,6992,137],{"class":136},[53,6994,121],{"class":67},[53,6996,3429],{"class":1320},[53,6998,4044],{"class":67},[53,7000,7001,7003,7005,7007],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,7002,137],{"class":136},[53,7004,121],{"class":67},[53,7006,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7008,7009],{"class":67},"({}))\n",[53,7011,7012,7014,7016,7018,7020,7022],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,7013,137],{"class":136},[53,7015,121],{"class":67},[53,7017,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7019,121],{"class":67},[53,7021,5839],{"class":1320},[53,7023,5842],{"class":67},[53,7025,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,7027,137],{"class":136},[53,7029,121],{"class":67},[53,7031,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7033,121],{"class":67},[53,7035,3338],{"class":3413},[53,7037,628],{"class":67},[20,7039,388],{},[44,7041,7043],{"className":46,"code":7042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7044,7045,7049,7053,7057,7061,7065,7069,7073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7046,7047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7048,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7050,7051],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7052,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7054,7055],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7056,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7058,7059],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7060,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7062,7063],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,7064,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7066,7067],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,7068,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7070,7071],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,7072,3601],{"class":3413},[53,7074,7075],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,7076,3601],{"class":3413},[39,7078,7080],{"id":7079},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7082,7083,7084,7086,7087,6891],{},"Many values become ",[15,7085,3167],{},". These are often called ",[30,7088,5145],{},[20,7090,6894],{},[173,7092,7093,7096,7099,7102,7105,7108],{},[176,7094,7095],{},"non-zero numbers",[176,7097,7098],{},"non-empty strings",[176,7100,7101],{},"non-empty lists",[176,7103,7104],{},"non-empty tuples",[176,7106,7107],{},"non-empty sets",[176,7109,7110],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7112,316],{},[44,7114,7116],{"className":46,"code":7115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7117,7118,7132,7148,7166,7188,7206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7119,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7121,137],{"class":136},[53,7123,121],{"class":67},[53,7125,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7127,121],{"class":67},[53,7129,1698],{"class":333},[53,7131,628],{"class":67},[53,7133,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7135,137],{"class":136},[53,7137,121],{"class":67},[53,7139,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7141,121],{"class":67},[53,7143,1585],{"class":63},[53,7145,525],{"class":333},[53,7147,628],{"class":67},[53,7149,7150,7152,7154,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7151,137],{"class":136},[53,7153,121],{"class":67},[53,7155,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7157,121],{"class":67},[53,7159,72],{"class":71},[53,7161,3406],{"class":75},[53,7163,72],{"class":71},[53,7165,628],{"class":67},[53,7167,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7169,137],{"class":136},[53,7171,121],{"class":67},[53,7173,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7175,2546],{"class":67},[53,7177,517],{"class":333},[53,7179,81],{"class":67},[53,7181,790],{"class":333},[53,7183,81],{"class":67},[53,7185,1269],{"class":333},[53,7187,2559],{"class":67},[53,7189,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,7191,137],{"class":136},[53,7193,121],{"class":67},[53,7195,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7197,5062],{"class":67},[53,7199,517],{"class":333},[53,7201,81],{"class":67},[53,7203,790],{"class":333},[53,7205,2472],{"class":67},[53,7207,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7221,7223,7225,7227,7230,7232],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,7209,137],{"class":136},[53,7211,121],{"class":67},[53,7213,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7215,5081],{"class":67},[53,7217,72],{"class":71},[53,7219,7220],{"class":75},"name",[53,7222,72],{"class":71},[53,7224,171],{"class":67},[53,7226,84],{"class":71},[53,7228,7229],{"class":75},"Sam",[53,7231,72],{"class":71},[53,7233,5090],{"class":67},[20,7235,388],{},[44,7237,7239],{"className":46,"code":7238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7240,7241,7245,7249,7253,7257,7261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7242,7243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7244,3540],{"class":3413},[53,7246,7247],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7248,3540],{"class":3413},[53,7250,7251],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7252,3540],{"class":3413},[53,7254,7255],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7256,3540],{"class":3413},[53,7258,7259],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,7260,3540],{"class":3413},[53,7262,7263],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,7264,3540],{"class":3413},[20,7266,7267],{},"One important example is this:",[44,7269,7271],{"className":46,"code":7270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7272,7273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7276,137],{"class":136},[53,7278,121],{"class":67},[53,7280,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7282,121],{"class":67},[53,7284,72],{"class":71},[53,7286,3234],{"class":75},[53,7288,72],{"class":71},[53,7290,628],{"class":67},[20,7292,388],{},[44,7294,7295],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7296,7297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7298,7299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7300,3540],{"class":3413},[20,7302,7303,7304,7306,7307,37],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7305,6231],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7308,3167],{},[39,7310,7312],{"id":7311},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7314,7315,7316,7318],{},"You can use ",[15,7317,3373],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1418,7320,7322],{"id":7321},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[44,7324,7326],{"className":46,"code":7325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7327,7328,7348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7331,60],{"class":59},[53,7333,64],{"class":63},[53,7335,68],{"class":67},[53,7337,334],{"class":333},[53,7339,81],{"class":67},[53,7341,339],{"class":333},[53,7343,81],{"class":67},[53,7345,344],{"class":333},[53,7347,101],{"class":67},[53,7349,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7351,137],{"class":136},[53,7353,121],{"class":67},[53,7355,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7357,121],{"class":67},[53,7359,956],{"class":117},[53,7361,628],{"class":67},[20,7363,388],{},[44,7365,7366],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7367,7368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7369,7370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7371,3540],{"class":3413},[20,7373,7374],{},"With an empty list:",[44,7376,7378],{"className":46,"code":7377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7379,7380,7389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7381,7382,7384,7386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7383,60],{"class":59},[53,7385,64],{"class":63},[53,7387,7388],{"class":67}," []\n",[53,7390,7391,7393,7395,7397,7399,7401],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7392,137],{"class":136},[53,7394,121],{"class":67},[53,7396,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7398,121],{"class":67},[53,7400,956],{"class":117},[53,7402,628],{"class":67},[20,7404,388],{},[44,7406,7407],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7408,7409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7410,7411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7412,3601],{"class":3413},[1418,7414,7416],{"id":7415},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[44,7418,7420],{"className":46,"code":7419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7421,7422,7432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7423,7424,7427,7429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7425,7426],{"class":59},"name ",[53,7428,64],{"class":63},[53,7430,7431],{"class":71}," \"\"\n",[53,7433,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7435,137],{"class":136},[53,7437,121],{"class":67},[53,7439,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7441,121],{"class":67},[53,7443,7220],{"class":117},[53,7445,628],{"class":67},[20,7447,388],{},[44,7449,7450],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7451,7452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7453,7454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7455,3601],{"class":3413},[44,7457,7459],{"className":46,"code":7458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7460,7461,7474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7462,7463,7465,7467,7469,7472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7464,7426],{"class":59},[53,7466,64],{"class":63},[53,7468,84],{"class":71},[53,7470,7471],{"class":75},"Mia",[53,7473,1032],{"class":71},[53,7475,7476,7478,7480,7482,7484,7486],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7477,137],{"class":136},[53,7479,121],{"class":67},[53,7481,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7483,121],{"class":67},[53,7485,7220],{"class":117},[53,7487,628],{"class":67},[20,7489,388],{},[44,7491,7492],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7493,7494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7495,7496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7497,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,7499,7501],{"id":7500},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[44,7503,7505],{"className":46,"code":7504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7506,7507,7521,7538,7542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7508,7509,7512,7514,7516,7519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7510,7511],{"class":59},"username ",[53,7513,64],{"class":63},[53,7515,84],{"class":71},[53,7517,7518],{"class":75},"alex",[53,7520,1032],{"class":71},[53,7522,7523,7526,7528,7531,7533,7536],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7524,7525],{"class":59},"has_name ",[53,7527,64],{"class":63},[53,7529,7530],{"class":1320}," bool",[53,7532,121],{"class":67},[53,7534,7535],{"class":117},"username",[53,7537,130],{"class":67},[53,7539,7540],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7541,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,7543,7544,7546,7548,7551],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7545,137],{"class":136},[53,7547,121],{"class":67},[53,7549,7550],{"class":117},"has_name",[53,7552,130],{"class":67},[20,7554,388],{},[44,7556,7557],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7558,7559],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7560,7561],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7562,3540],{"class":3413},[20,7564,7565,7566,2438,7568,7570],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7567,3167],{},[15,7569,3234],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1418,7572,7574],{"id":7573},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7576,7577],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[44,7579,7581],{"className":46,"code":7580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7582,7583,7603,7607,7615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7584,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7586,326],{"class":59},[53,7588,64],{"class":63},[53,7590,68],{"class":67},[53,7592,517],{"class":333},[53,7594,81],{"class":67},[53,7596,790],{"class":333},[53,7598,81],{"class":67},[53,7600,1269],{"class":333},[53,7602,101],{"class":67},[53,7604,7605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7606,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,7608,7609,7611,7613],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7610,1042],{"class":1041},[53,7612,356],{"class":59},[53,7614,1053],{"class":67},[53,7616,7617,7619,7621,7623,7626,7628],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7618,1058],{"class":136},[53,7620,121],{"class":67},[53,7622,72],{"class":71},[53,7624,7625],{"class":75},"The list is not empty",[53,7627,72],{"class":71},[53,7629,130],{"class":67},[20,7631,388],{},[44,7633,7635],{"className":46,"code":7634,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7636,7637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7638,7639,7641,7644,7647,7650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7640,1541],{"class":59},[53,7642,7643],{"class":1320},"list",[53,7645,7646],{"class":63}," is",[53,7648,7649],{"class":63}," not",[53,7651,7652],{"class":59}," empty\n",[20,7654,7655,7656,37],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[195,7657,7659],{"href":7658},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[39,7661,7663],{"id":7662},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7665,7666,7667,7669],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7668,3373],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7671,7672],{},"It does not do that.",[1418,7674,7676,532,7679],{"id":7675},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7677,7678],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7680,3167],{},[44,7682,7683],{"className":46,"code":7270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7684,7685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7686,7687,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7688,137],{"class":136},[53,7690,121],{"class":67},[53,7692,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7694,121],{"class":67},[53,7696,72],{"class":71},[53,7698,3234],{"class":75},[53,7700,72],{"class":71},[53,7702,628],{"class":67},[20,7704,388],{},[44,7706,7707],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7708,7709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7710,7711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7712,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,7714,7716,532,7719],{"id":7715},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7717,7718],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7720,3167],{},[44,7722,7724],{"className":46,"code":7723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7725,7726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7729,137],{"class":136},[53,7731,121],{"class":67},[53,7733,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7735,121],{"class":67},[53,7737,72],{"class":71},[53,7739,187],{"class":75},[53,7741,72],{"class":71},[53,7743,628],{"class":67},[20,7745,388],{},[44,7747,7748],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7749,7750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7751,7752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7753,3540],{"class":3413},[20,7755,7756,7757,37],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7758,7098],{},[20,7760,7761,7763],{},[15,7762,3373],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7765,7766,7767,7772,7773,7775],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[195,7768,7770],{"href":7769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7771,2518],{},", because ",[15,7774,2518],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7777,316],{},[44,7779,7781],{"className":46,"code":7780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7782,7783,7804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7784,7785,7788,7790,7793,7795,7797,7800,7802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7786,7787],{"class":59},"user_value ",[53,7789,64],{"class":63},[53,7791,7792],{"class":136}," input",[53,7794,121],{"class":67},[53,7796,72],{"class":71},[53,7798,7799],{"class":75},"Enter True or False: ",[53,7801,72],{"class":71},[53,7803,130],{"class":67},[53,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7817],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7807,137],{"class":136},[53,7809,121],{"class":67},[53,7811,3429],{"class":1320},[53,7813,121],{"class":67},[53,7815,7816],{"class":117},"user_value",[53,7818,628],{"class":67},[20,7820,7821,7822,7824,7825,7772,7827,7829],{},"If the user types ",[15,7823,3234],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7826,3167],{},[15,7828,6231],{}," is not empty.",[39,7831,7833],{"id":7832},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7835,7836,7837,7839,7840,7842],{},"In many ",[15,7838,1042],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7841,3373],{}," yourself.",[20,7844,7845],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7847,7848],{},"Instead of this:",[44,7850,7852],{"className":46,"code":7851,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7853,7854,7875,7879,7892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7855,7856,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867,7869,7871,7873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7857,7858],{"class":59},"my_list ",[53,7860,64],{"class":63},[53,7862,68],{"class":67},[53,7864,517],{"class":333},[53,7866,81],{"class":67},[53,7868,790],{"class":333},[53,7870,81],{"class":67},[53,7872,1269],{"class":333},[53,7874,101],{"class":67},[53,7876,7877],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7878,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,7880,7881,7883,7885,7887,7889],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7882,1042],{"class":1041},[53,7884,7530],{"class":1320},[53,7886,121],{"class":67},[53,7888,215],{"class":117},[53,7890,7891],{"class":67},"):\n",[53,7893,7894,7896,7898,7900,7903,7905],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7895,1058],{"class":136},[53,7897,121],{"class":67},[53,7899,72],{"class":71},[53,7901,7902],{"class":75},"List has items",[53,7904,72],{"class":71},[53,7906,130],{"class":67},[20,7908,7909],{},"You can simply write:",[44,7911,7913],{"className":46,"code":7912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7914,7915,7935,7939,7947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7916,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7918,7858],{"class":59},[53,7920,64],{"class":63},[53,7922,68],{"class":67},[53,7924,517],{"class":333},[53,7926,81],{"class":67},[53,7928,790],{"class":333},[53,7930,81],{"class":67},[53,7932,1269],{"class":333},[53,7934,101],{"class":67},[53,7936,7937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7938,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,7940,7941,7943,7945],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,7942,1042],{"class":1041},[53,7944,1340],{"class":59},[53,7946,1053],{"class":67},[53,7948,7949,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,7950,1058],{"class":136},[53,7952,121],{"class":67},[53,7954,72],{"class":71},[53,7956,7902],{"class":75},[53,7958,72],{"class":71},[53,7960,130],{"class":67},[20,7962,7963],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7965,664,7966,7968],{},[15,7967,3373],{}," is still helpful when:",[173,7970,7971,7974,7982],{},[176,7972,7973],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[176,7975,7976,7977,2438,7979,7981],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7978,3167],{},[15,7980,3234],{}," value",[176,7983,7984],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7986,7987,7988,37],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[195,7989,7990],{"href":1859},"Python type() function explained",[39,7992,2389],{"id":2388},[20,7994,7995,7996,37],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7997,3373],{},[1418,7999,8001,8002,8004,8005],{"id":8000},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8003,7678],{}," to return ",[15,8006,3234],{},[20,8008,8009],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[44,8011,8012],{"className":46,"code":7270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8013,8014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8015,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8017,137],{"class":136},[53,8019,121],{"class":67},[53,8021,3429],{"class":1320},[53,8023,121],{"class":67},[53,8025,72],{"class":71},[53,8027,3234],{"class":75},[53,8029,72],{"class":71},[53,8031,628],{"class":67},[20,8033,388],{},[44,8035,8036],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8037,8038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8039,8040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8041,3540],{"class":3413},[20,8043,8044,8045,6232],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8046,6231],{},[20,8048,8049],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[44,8051,8053],{"className":46,"code":8052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8054,8055,8067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8056,8057,8059,8061,8063,8065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8058,2006],{"class":59},[53,8060,64],{"class":63},[53,8062,84],{"class":71},[53,8064,3234],{"class":75},[53,8066,1032],{"class":71},[53,8068,8069,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8070,137],{"class":136},[53,8072,121],{"class":67},[53,8074,2006],{"class":117},[53,8076,4245],{"class":63},[53,8078,84],{"class":71},[53,8080,3167],{"class":75},[53,8082,72],{"class":71},[53,8084,130],{"class":67},[20,8086,388],{},[44,8088,8089],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,8090,8091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8092,8093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8094,3601],{"class":3413},[1418,8096,8098],{"id":8097},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8100,8101,8103],{},[15,8102,2518],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[44,8105,8107],{"className":46,"code":8106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8108,8109,8128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8110,8111,8113,8115,8117,8119,8121,8124,8126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8112,2006],{"class":59},[53,8114,64],{"class":63},[53,8116,7792],{"class":136},[53,8118,121],{"class":67},[53,8120,72],{"class":71},[53,8122,8123],{"class":75},"Enter yes or no: ",[53,8125,72],{"class":71},[53,8127,130],{"class":67},[53,8129,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8131,137],{"class":136},[53,8133,121],{"class":67},[53,8135,3429],{"class":1320},[53,8137,121],{"class":67},[53,8139,224],{"class":117},[53,8141,628],{"class":67},[20,8143,7821,8144,8147,8148,8150,8151,7829],{},[15,8145,8146],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8149,3167],{}," because ",[15,8152,8153],{},"\"no\"",[20,8155,8156],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[44,8158,8160],{"className":46,"code":8159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8161,8162,8193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8163,8164,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174,8176,8178,8181,8184,8187,8190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8165,2006],{"class":59},[53,8167,64],{"class":63},[53,8169,7792],{"class":136},[53,8171,121],{"class":67},[53,8173,72],{"class":71},[53,8175,8123],{"class":75},[53,8177,72],{"class":71},[53,8179,8180],{"class":67},").",[53,8182,8183],{"class":117},"strip",[53,8185,8186],{"class":67},"().",[53,8188,8189],{"class":117},"lower",[53,8191,8192],{"class":67},"()\n",[53,8194,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8208,8210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8196,137],{"class":136},[53,8198,121],{"class":67},[53,8200,2006],{"class":117},[53,8202,4245],{"class":63},[53,8204,84],{"class":71},[53,8206,8207],{"class":75},"yes",[53,8209,72],{"class":71},[53,8211,130],{"class":67},[20,8213,8214,8215,8217,8218,37],{},"This gives ",[15,8216,3167],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8219,8207],{},[1418,8221,8223],{"id":8222},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8225,8226],{},"These are different:",[173,8228,8229,8233,8237,8241,8245],{},[176,8230,8231],{},[15,8232,3234],{},[176,8234,8235],{},[15,8236,187],{},[176,8238,8239],{},[15,8240,5824],{},[176,8242,8243],{},[15,8244,3347],{},[176,8246,8247],{},[15,8248,3338],{},[20,8250,8251,8252,8254,8255,8257],{},"They all become ",[15,8253,3234],{}," with ",[15,8256,3373],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8259,8260],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[44,8262,8264],{"className":46,"code":8263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8265,8266,8274,8288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8267,8268,8270,8272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8269,2006],{"class":59},[53,8271,64],{"class":63},[53,8273,7388],{"class":67},[53,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8277,137],{"class":136},[53,8279,121],{"class":67},[53,8281,1321],{"class":1320},[53,8283,121],{"class":67},[53,8285,224],{"class":117},[53,8287,628],{"class":67},[53,8289,8290,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,8291,137],{"class":136},[53,8293,121],{"class":67},[53,8295,3429],{"class":1320},[53,8297,121],{"class":67},[53,8299,224],{"class":117},[53,8301,628],{"class":67},[20,8303,388],{},[44,8305,8307],{"className":46,"code":8306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8308,8309,8323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8310,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8312,2851],{"class":63},[53,8314,2854],{"class":1627},[53,8316,2857],{"class":71},[53,8318,7643],{"class":75},[53,8320,2862],{"class":71},[53,8322,2865],{"class":63},[53,8324,8325],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8326,3601],{"class":3413},[1418,8328,664,8330,8332],{"id":8329},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8331,3352],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8334,8335,8336,8338],{},"In Python, ",[15,8337,3352],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[44,8340,8342],{"className":46,"code":8341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8343,8344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8345,8346,8348,8350,8352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8347,137],{"class":136},[53,8349,121],{"class":67},[53,8351,1321],{"class":1320},[53,8353,7009],{"class":67},[20,8355,388],{},[44,8357,8359],{"className":46,"code":8358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8360,8361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8362,8363,8365,8367,8369,8372,8374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8364,2851],{"class":63},[53,8366,2854],{"class":1627},[53,8368,2857],{"class":71},[53,8370,8371],{"class":75},"dict",[53,8373,2862],{"class":71},[53,8375,2865],{"class":63},[20,8377,8378],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[44,8380,8382],{"className":46,"code":8381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8383,8384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8385,8386,8388,8390,8392,8394,8396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8387,137],{"class":136},[53,8389,121],{"class":67},[53,8391,1321],{"class":1320},[53,8393,121],{"class":67},[53,8395,5839],{"class":1320},[53,8397,5842],{"class":67},[20,8399,388],{},[44,8401,8403],{"className":46,"code":8402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8404,8405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8406,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415,8417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8408,2851],{"class":63},[53,8410,2854],{"class":1627},[53,8412,2857],{"class":71},[53,8414,5839],{"class":75},[53,8416,2862],{"class":71},[53,8418,2865],{"class":63},[39,8420,8422],{"id":8421},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8424,8425,8426,8428],{},"If ",[15,8427,3373],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[44,8430,8432],{"className":46,"code":8431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8433,8434,8448,8462,8472,8490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8435,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8437,137],{"class":136},[53,8439,121],{"class":67},[53,8441,3429],{"class":1320},[53,8443,121],{"class":67},[53,8445,224],{"class":117},[53,8447,628],{"class":67},[53,8449,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458,8460],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8451,137],{"class":136},[53,8453,121],{"class":67},[53,8455,1321],{"class":1320},[53,8457,121],{"class":67},[53,8459,224],{"class":117},[53,8461,628],{"class":67},[53,8463,8464,8466,8468,8470],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,8465,137],{"class":136},[53,8467,121],{"class":67},[53,8469,224],{"class":117},[53,8471,130],{"class":67},[53,8473,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,8475,137],{"class":136},[53,8477,121],{"class":67},[53,8479,2006],{"class":117},[53,8481,4245],{"class":63},[53,8483,84],{"class":71},[53,8485,3167],{"class":75},[53,8487,72],{"class":71},[53,8489,130],{"class":67},[53,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,8493,137],{"class":136},[53,8495,121],{"class":67},[53,8497,224],{"class":117},[53,8499,37],{"class":67},[53,8501,8183],{"class":117},[53,8503,8186],{"class":67},[53,8505,8189],{"class":117},[53,8507,6745],{"class":67},[20,8509,8510],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[173,8512,8513,8516,8519,8522],{},[176,8514,8515],{},"what the value really is",[176,8517,8518],{},"whether it is a string",[176,8520,8521],{},"whether it contains spaces",[176,8523,8524],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8526,8527,8528,37],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[195,8529,8531],{"href":8530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[39,8533,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,8535,8537],{"id":8536},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8539,8540,8541,2438,8543,37],{},"It returns either ",[15,8542,3167],{},[15,8544,3234],{},[1418,8546,8548],{"id":8547},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8550,4701,8551,37],{},[15,8552,3234],{},[1418,8554,8556],{"id":8555},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8558,8559,8560,37],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8561,3167],{},[1418,8563,8565],{"id":8564},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8567,8568,8569,37],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8570,3234],{},[1418,8572,8574],{"id":8573},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8576,8577,8578,2438,8580,3297],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8579,3167],{},[15,8581,3234],{},[39,8583,1471],{"id":1470},[173,8585,8586,8591,8595,8600,8604,8609],{},[176,8587,8588],{},[195,8589,8590],{"href":5329},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[176,8592,8593],{},[195,8594,7659],{"href":7658},[176,8596,8597],{},[195,8598,8599],{"href":7769},"Python input() function explained",[176,8601,8602],{},[195,8603,7990],{"href":1859},[176,8605,8606],{},[195,8607,8608],{"href":8530},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[176,8610,8611],{},[195,8612,8613],{"href":6761},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1494,8615,8616],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":8618},[8619,8620,8621,8622,8623,8624,8630,8636,8637,8645,8646,8653],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":6698,"depth":104,"text":6699},{"id":6765,"depth":104,"text":6766},{"id":6884,"depth":104,"text":6885},{"id":7079,"depth":104,"text":7080},{"id":7311,"depth":104,"text":7312,"children":8625},[8626,8627,8628,8629],{"id":7321,"depth":133,"text":7322},{"id":7415,"depth":133,"text":7416},{"id":7500,"depth":133,"text":7501},{"id":7573,"depth":133,"text":7574},{"id":7662,"depth":104,"text":7663,"children":8631},[8632,8634],{"id":7675,"depth":133,"text":8633},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7715,"depth":133,"text":8635},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7832,"depth":104,"text":7833},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":8638},[8639,8641,8642,8643],{"id":8000,"depth":133,"text":8640},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8097,"depth":133,"text":8098},{"id":8222,"depth":133,"text":8223},{"id":8329,"depth":133,"text":8644},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8421,"depth":104,"text":8422},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":8647},[8648,8649,8650,8651,8652],{"id":8536,"depth":133,"text":8537},{"id":8547,"depth":133,"text":8548},{"id":8555,"depth":133,"text":8556},{"id":8564,"depth":133,"text":8565},{"id":8573,"depth":133,"text":8574},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6526,"description":8654},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8661,"title":8662,"body":8663,"description":10854,"extension":1524,"meta":10855,"navigation":372,"path":10856,"seo":10857,"stem":10858,"__hash__":10859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8664,"toc":10816},[8665,8671,8677,8684,8689,8700,8707,8816,8820,8889,8894,8899,8904,8907,8918,8923,8926,8937,8944,8946,8951,8955,8980,8984,8993,8997,9060,9064,9097,9101,9146,9150,9187,9191,9194,9250,9254,9299,9302,9307,9346,9350,9373,9376,9390,9402,9406,9411,9478,9482,9518,9521,9529,9532,9596,9600,9632,9638,9640,9700,9707,9710,9788,9792,9825,9829,9832,9876,9880,9916,9919,9936,9939,9942,9995,9998,10009,10016,10025,10028,10086,10090,10131,10139,10147,10152,10160,10172,10177,10188,10261,10264,10276,10291,10295,10300,10304,10306,10349,10355,10358,10421,10425,10428,10437,10442,10479,10483,10486,10494,10497,10536,10540,10543,10594,10598,10619,10626,10628,10634,10660,10663,10718,10721,10732,10734,10741,10749,10755,10760,10767,10770,10777,10784,10786,10813],[10,8666,3138,8668,3142],{"id":8667},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8669,8670],{},"dict()",[20,8672,8673,8674,8676],{},"The built-in ",[15,8675,8670],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8678,8679,8680,8683],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8681,8682],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8685,8686,8688],{},[15,8687,8670],{}," is commonly used to:",[173,8690,8691,8694,8697],{},[176,8692,8693],{},"create an empty dictionary",[176,8695,8696],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[176,8698,8699],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8701,8702,8703,37],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[195,8704,8706],{"href":8705},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[44,8708,8710],{"className":46,"code":8709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8711,8712,8747,8758,8762,8801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8713,8714,8717,8719,8722,8724,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735,8737,8740,8742,8745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8715,8716],{"class":59},"data ",[53,8718,64],{"class":63},[53,8720,8721],{"class":1320}," dict",[53,8723,121],{"class":67},[53,8725,7220],{"class":8726},"s99_P",[53,8728,64],{"class":63},[53,8730,2862],{"class":71},[53,8732,4558],{"class":75},[53,8734,2862],{"class":71},[53,8736,81],{"class":67},[53,8738,8739],{"class":8726}," age",[53,8741,64],{"class":63},[53,8743,8744],{"class":333},"25",[53,8746,130],{"class":67},[53,8748,8749,8751,8753,8756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8750,137],{"class":136},[53,8752,121],{"class":67},[53,8754,8755],{"class":117},"data",[53,8757,130],{"class":67},[53,8759,8760],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,8761,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,8763,8764,8767,8769,8772,8774,8776,8778,8780,8782,8785,8788,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,8765,8766],{"class":59},"pairs ",[53,8768,64],{"class":63},[53,8770,8771],{"class":67}," [(",[53,8773,2862],{"class":71},[53,8775,195],{"class":75},[53,8777,2862],{"class":71},[53,8779,81],{"class":67},[53,8781,821],{"class":333},[53,8783,8784],{"class":67},"),",[53,8786,8787],{"class":67}," (",[53,8789,2862],{"class":71},[53,8791,704],{"class":75},[53,8793,2862],{"class":71},[53,8795,81],{"class":67},[53,8797,790],{"class":333},[53,8799,8800],{"class":67},")]\n",[53,8802,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8814],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,8804,137],{"class":136},[53,8806,121],{"class":67},[53,8808,8371],{"class":1320},[53,8810,121],{"class":67},[53,8812,8813],{"class":117},"pairs",[53,8815,628],{"class":67},[20,8817,8818],{},[30,8819,388],{},[44,8821,8823],{"className":46,"code":8822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8824,8825,8861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8826,8827,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8851,8853,8855,8858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8828,8829],{"class":67},"{",[53,8831,2862],{"class":71},[53,8833,7220],{"class":75},[53,8835,2862],{"class":71},[53,8837,171],{"class":67},[53,8839,2857],{"class":71},[53,8841,4558],{"class":75},[53,8843,2862],{"class":71},[53,8845,81],{"class":67},[53,8847,2857],{"class":71},[53,8849,8850],{"class":75},"age",[53,8852,2862],{"class":71},[53,8854,171],{"class":67},[53,8856,8857],{"class":333}," 25",[53,8859,8860],{"class":67},"}\n",[53,8862,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885,8887],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8864,8829],{"class":67},[53,8866,2862],{"class":71},[53,8868,195],{"class":75},[53,8870,2862],{"class":71},[53,8872,171],{"class":67},[53,8874,821],{"class":333},[53,8876,81],{"class":67},[53,8878,2857],{"class":71},[53,8880,704],{"class":75},[53,8882,2862],{"class":71},[53,8884,171],{"class":67},[53,8886,790],{"class":333},[53,8888,8860],{"class":67},[20,8890,152,8891,8893],{},[15,8892,8670],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[39,8895,163,8897,166],{"id":8896},"what-dict-does",[15,8898,8670],{},[20,8900,8901,8903],{},[15,8902,8670],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8905,8906],{},"A dictionary:",[173,8908,8909,8912,8915],{},[176,8910,8911],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[176,8913,8914],{},"lets you look up values by key",[176,8916,8917],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8919,8920,8922],{},[15,8921,8670],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8924,8925],{},"Common uses include:",[173,8927,8928,8931,8934],{},[176,8929,8930],{},"making an empty dictionary",[176,8932,8933],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[176,8935,8936],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8938,8939,8940,37],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[195,8941,8943],{"href":8942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[39,8945,202],{"id":201},[20,8947,8948,8950],{},[15,8949,8670],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1418,8952,8954],{"id":8953},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[44,8956,8958],{"className":46,"code":8957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8959,8960,8970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8961,8962,8964,8966,8968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8963,8716],{"class":59},[53,8965,64],{"class":63},[53,8967,8721],{"class":1320},[53,8969,8192],{"class":67},[53,8971,8972,8974,8976,8978],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8973,137],{"class":136},[53,8975,121],{"class":67},[53,8977,8755],{"class":117},[53,8979,130],{"class":67},[20,8981,8982],{},[30,8983,388],{},[44,8985,8987],{"className":46,"code":8986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n",[15,8988,8989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8990,8991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8992,8986],{"class":67},[1418,8994,8996],{"id":8995},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[44,8998,9000],{"className":46,"code":8999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9001,9002,9036,9050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9005,8766],{"class":59},[53,9007,64],{"class":63},[53,9009,8771],{"class":67},[53,9011,2862],{"class":71},[53,9013,195],{"class":75},[53,9015,2862],{"class":71},[53,9017,81],{"class":67},[53,9019,821],{"class":333},[53,9021,8784],{"class":67},[53,9023,8787],{"class":67},[53,9025,2862],{"class":71},[53,9027,704],{"class":75},[53,9029,2862],{"class":71},[53,9031,81],{"class":67},[53,9033,790],{"class":333},[53,9035,8800],{"class":67},[53,9037,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9039,8716],{"class":59},[53,9041,64],{"class":63},[53,9043,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9045,121],{"class":67},[53,9047,8813],{"class":117},[53,9049,130],{"class":67},[53,9051,9052,9054,9056,9058],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,9053,137],{"class":136},[53,9055,121],{"class":67},[53,9057,8755],{"class":117},[53,9059,130],{"class":67},[20,9061,9062],{},[30,9063,388],{},[44,9065,9067],{"className":46,"code":9066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9068,9069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9070,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9072,8829],{"class":67},[53,9074,2862],{"class":71},[53,9076,195],{"class":75},[53,9078,2862],{"class":71},[53,9080,171],{"class":67},[53,9082,821],{"class":333},[53,9084,81],{"class":67},[53,9086,2857],{"class":71},[53,9088,704],{"class":75},[53,9090,2862],{"class":71},[53,9092,171],{"class":67},[53,9094,790],{"class":333},[53,9096,8860],{"class":67},[1418,9098,9100],{"id":9099},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[44,9102,9104],{"className":46,"code":9103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9105,9106,9136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9107,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9109,8716],{"class":59},[53,9111,64],{"class":63},[53,9113,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9115,121],{"class":67},[53,9117,7220],{"class":8726},[53,9119,64],{"class":63},[53,9121,2862],{"class":71},[53,9123,4558],{"class":75},[53,9125,2862],{"class":71},[53,9127,81],{"class":67},[53,9129,8739],{"class":8726},[53,9131,64],{"class":63},[53,9133,8744],{"class":333},[53,9135,130],{"class":67},[53,9137,9138,9140,9142,9144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9139,137],{"class":136},[53,9141,121],{"class":67},[53,9143,8755],{"class":117},[53,9145,130],{"class":67},[20,9147,9148],{},[30,9149,388],{},[44,9151,9153],{"className":46,"code":9152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9154,9155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9156,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9158,8829],{"class":67},[53,9160,2862],{"class":71},[53,9162,7220],{"class":75},[53,9164,2862],{"class":71},[53,9166,171],{"class":67},[53,9168,2857],{"class":71},[53,9170,4558],{"class":75},[53,9172,2862],{"class":71},[53,9174,81],{"class":67},[53,9176,2857],{"class":71},[53,9178,8850],{"class":75},[53,9180,2862],{"class":71},[53,9182,171],{"class":67},[53,9184,8857],{"class":333},[53,9186,8860],{"class":67},[1418,9188,9190],{"id":9189},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9192,9193],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[44,9195,9197],{"className":46,"code":9196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9198,9199,9240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9200,9201,9203,9205,9207,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9234,9236,9238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9202,8716],{"class":59},[53,9204,64],{"class":63},[53,9206,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9208,9209],{"class":67},"([(",[53,9211,2862],{"class":71},[53,9213,195],{"class":75},[53,9215,2862],{"class":71},[53,9217,81],{"class":67},[53,9219,821],{"class":333},[53,9221,9222],{"class":67},")],",[53,9224,2117],{"class":8726},[53,9226,64],{"class":63},[53,9228,525],{"class":333},[53,9230,81],{"class":67},[53,9232,9233],{"class":8726}," c",[53,9235,64],{"class":63},[53,9237,882],{"class":333},[53,9239,130],{"class":67},[53,9241,9242,9244,9246,9248],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9243,137],{"class":136},[53,9245,121],{"class":67},[53,9247,8755],{"class":117},[53,9249,130],{"class":67},[20,9251,9252],{},[30,9253,388],{},[44,9255,9257],{"className":46,"code":9256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9258,9259],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9260,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9262,8829],{"class":67},[53,9264,2862],{"class":71},[53,9266,195],{"class":75},[53,9268,2862],{"class":71},[53,9270,171],{"class":67},[53,9272,821],{"class":333},[53,9274,81],{"class":67},[53,9276,2857],{"class":71},[53,9278,704],{"class":75},[53,9280,2862],{"class":71},[53,9282,171],{"class":67},[53,9284,790],{"class":333},[53,9286,81],{"class":67},[53,9288,2857],{"class":71},[53,9290,713],{"class":75},[53,9292,2862],{"class":71},[53,9294,171],{"class":67},[53,9296,1269],{"class":333},[53,9298,8860],{"class":67},[39,9300,8954],{"id":9301},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9303,152,9304,9306],{},[15,9305,8670],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[44,9308,9310],{"className":46,"code":9309,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9311,9312,9322,9336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9313,9314,9316,9318,9320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9315,8716],{"class":59},[53,9317,64],{"class":63},[53,9319,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9321,8192],{"class":67},[53,9323,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9325,137],{"class":136},[53,9327,121],{"class":67},[53,9329,1321],{"class":1320},[53,9331,121],{"class":67},[53,9333,8755],{"class":117},[53,9335,628],{"class":67},[53,9337,9338,9340,9342,9344],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,9339,137],{"class":136},[53,9341,121],{"class":67},[53,9343,8755],{"class":117},[53,9345,130],{"class":67},[20,9347,9348],{},[30,9349,388],{},[44,9351,9353],{"className":46,"code":9352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9354,9355,9369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9356,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9358,2851],{"class":63},[53,9360,2854],{"class":1627},[53,9362,2857],{"class":71},[53,9364,8371],{"class":75},[53,9366,2862],{"class":71},[53,9368,2865],{"class":63},[53,9370,9371],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9372,8986],{"class":67},[20,9374,9375],{},"This gives the same result as:",[44,9377,9379],{"className":46,"code":9378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n",[15,9380,9381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9382,9383,9385,9387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9384,8716],{"class":59},[53,9386,64],{"class":63},[53,9388,9389],{"class":67}," {}\n",[20,9391,9392,9393,9395,9396,9398,9399,9401],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9394,3352],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[1147,9397],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9400,8670],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[39,9403,9405],{"id":9404},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9407,9408,9409,37],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9410,8670],{},[44,9412,9414],{"className":46,"code":9413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9415,9416,9454,9468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9417,9418,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9419,8766],{"class":59},[53,9421,64],{"class":63},[53,9423,8771],{"class":67},[53,9425,2862],{"class":71},[53,9427,7220],{"class":75},[53,9429,2862],{"class":71},[53,9431,81],{"class":67},[53,9433,2857],{"class":71},[53,9435,4558],{"class":75},[53,9437,2862],{"class":71},[53,9439,8784],{"class":67},[53,9441,8787],{"class":67},[53,9443,2862],{"class":71},[53,9445,8850],{"class":75},[53,9447,2862],{"class":71},[53,9449,81],{"class":67},[53,9451,8857],{"class":333},[53,9453,8800],{"class":67},[53,9455,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9457,8716],{"class":59},[53,9459,64],{"class":63},[53,9461,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9463,121],{"class":67},[53,9465,8813],{"class":117},[53,9467,130],{"class":67},[53,9469,9470,9472,9474,9476],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,9471,137],{"class":136},[53,9473,121],{"class":67},[53,9475,8755],{"class":117},[53,9477,130],{"class":67},[20,9479,9480],{},[30,9481,388],{},[44,9483,9484],{"className":46,"code":9152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9485,9486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9489,8829],{"class":67},[53,9491,2862],{"class":71},[53,9493,7220],{"class":75},[53,9495,2862],{"class":71},[53,9497,171],{"class":67},[53,9499,2857],{"class":71},[53,9501,4558],{"class":75},[53,9503,2862],{"class":71},[53,9505,81],{"class":67},[53,9507,2857],{"class":71},[53,9509,8850],{"class":75},[53,9511,2862],{"class":71},[53,9513,171],{"class":67},[53,9515,8857],{"class":333},[53,9517,8860],{"class":67},[20,9519,9520],{},"Each pair becomes:",[173,9522,9523,9526],{},[176,9524,9525],{},"the first item as the key",[176,9527,9528],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9530,9531],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[44,9533,9535],{"className":46,"code":9534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9536,9537,9572,9586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9538,9539,9541,9543,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9540,8766],{"class":59},[53,9542,64],{"class":63},[53,9544,9545],{"class":67}," ((",[53,9547,2862],{"class":71},[53,9549,195],{"class":75},[53,9551,2862],{"class":71},[53,9553,81],{"class":67},[53,9555,821],{"class":333},[53,9557,8784],{"class":67},[53,9559,8787],{"class":67},[53,9561,2862],{"class":71},[53,9563,704],{"class":75},[53,9565,2862],{"class":71},[53,9567,81],{"class":67},[53,9569,790],{"class":333},[53,9571,628],{"class":67},[53,9573,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9575,8716],{"class":59},[53,9577,64],{"class":63},[53,9579,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9581,121],{"class":67},[53,9583,8813],{"class":117},[53,9585,130],{"class":67},[53,9587,9588,9590,9592,9594],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,9589,137],{"class":136},[53,9591,121],{"class":67},[53,9593,8755],{"class":117},[53,9595,130],{"class":67},[20,9597,9598],{},[30,9599,388],{},[44,9601,9602],{"className":46,"code":9066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9603,9604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9605,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9607,8829],{"class":67},[53,9609,2862],{"class":71},[53,9611,195],{"class":75},[53,9613,2862],{"class":71},[53,9615,171],{"class":67},[53,9617,821],{"class":333},[53,9619,81],{"class":67},[53,9621,2857],{"class":71},[53,9623,704],{"class":75},[53,9625,2862],{"class":71},[53,9627,171],{"class":67},[53,9629,790],{"class":333},[53,9631,8860],{"class":67},[20,9633,9634,9635,37],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9636,9637],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9639,2396],{},[44,9641,9643],{"className":46,"code":9642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9644,9645,9685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9646,9647,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9648,9649],{"class":59},"bad_data ",[53,9651,64],{"class":63},[53,9653,8771],{"class":67},[53,9655,2862],{"class":71},[53,9657,195],{"class":75},[53,9659,2862],{"class":71},[53,9661,81],{"class":67},[53,9663,821],{"class":333},[53,9665,81],{"class":67},[53,9667,9668],{"class":333}," 100",[53,9670,8784],{"class":67},[53,9672,8787],{"class":67},[53,9674,2862],{"class":71},[53,9676,704],{"class":75},[53,9678,2862],{"class":71},[53,9680,81],{"class":67},[53,9682,790],{"class":333},[53,9684,8800],{"class":67},[53,9686,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9698],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9688,351],{"class":59},[53,9690,64],{"class":63},[53,9692,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9694,121],{"class":67},[53,9696,9697],{"class":117},"bad_data",[53,9699,130],{"class":67},[20,9701,9702,9703,9706],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9704,9705],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9708,9709],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[44,9711,9713],{"className":46,"code":9712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9714,9715,9764,9778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9716,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9718,8766],{"class":59},[53,9720,64],{"class":63},[53,9722,8771],{"class":67},[53,9724,2862],{"class":71},[53,9726,195],{"class":75},[53,9728,2862],{"class":71},[53,9730,81],{"class":67},[53,9732,821],{"class":333},[53,9734,8784],{"class":67},[53,9736,8787],{"class":67},[53,9738,2862],{"class":71},[53,9740,195],{"class":75},[53,9742,2862],{"class":71},[53,9744,81],{"class":67},[53,9746,9747],{"class":333}," 99",[53,9749,8784],{"class":67},[53,9751,8787],{"class":67},[53,9753,2862],{"class":71},[53,9755,704],{"class":75},[53,9757,2862],{"class":71},[53,9759,81],{"class":67},[53,9761,790],{"class":333},[53,9763,8800],{"class":67},[53,9765,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9767,8716],{"class":59},[53,9769,64],{"class":63},[53,9771,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9773,121],{"class":67},[53,9775,8813],{"class":117},[53,9777,130],{"class":67},[53,9779,9780,9782,9784,9786],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,9781,137],{"class":136},[53,9783,121],{"class":67},[53,9785,8755],{"class":117},[53,9787,130],{"class":67},[20,9789,9790],{},[30,9791,388],{},[44,9793,9795],{"className":46,"code":9794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9796,9797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9798,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9800,8829],{"class":67},[53,9802,2862],{"class":71},[53,9804,195],{"class":75},[53,9806,2862],{"class":71},[53,9808,171],{"class":67},[53,9810,9747],{"class":333},[53,9812,81],{"class":67},[53,9814,2857],{"class":71},[53,9816,704],{"class":75},[53,9818,2862],{"class":71},[53,9820,171],{"class":67},[53,9822,790],{"class":333},[53,9824,8860],{"class":67},[39,9826,9828],{"id":9827},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9830,9831],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[44,9833,9834],{"className":46,"code":9103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9835,9836,9866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9837,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9839,8716],{"class":59},[53,9841,64],{"class":63},[53,9843,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9845,121],{"class":67},[53,9847,7220],{"class":8726},[53,9849,64],{"class":63},[53,9851,2862],{"class":71},[53,9853,4558],{"class":75},[53,9855,2862],{"class":71},[53,9857,81],{"class":67},[53,9859,8739],{"class":8726},[53,9861,64],{"class":63},[53,9863,8744],{"class":333},[53,9865,130],{"class":67},[53,9867,9868,9870,9872,9874],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9869,137],{"class":136},[53,9871,121],{"class":67},[53,9873,8755],{"class":117},[53,9875,130],{"class":67},[20,9877,9878],{},[30,9879,388],{},[44,9881,9882],{"className":46,"code":9152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9883,9884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9885,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9887,8829],{"class":67},[53,9889,2862],{"class":71},[53,9891,7220],{"class":75},[53,9893,2862],{"class":71},[53,9895,171],{"class":67},[53,9897,2857],{"class":71},[53,9899,4558],{"class":75},[53,9901,2862],{"class":71},[53,9903,81],{"class":67},[53,9905,2857],{"class":71},[53,9907,8850],{"class":75},[53,9909,2862],{"class":71},[53,9911,171],{"class":67},[53,9913,8857],{"class":333},[53,9915,8860],{"class":67},[20,9917,9918],{},"In this form:",[173,9920,9921,9929],{},[176,9922,9923,9925,9926],{},[15,9924,7220],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9927,9928],{},"'name'",[176,9930,9931,9925,9933],{},[15,9932,8850],{},[15,9934,9935],{},"'age'",[20,9937,9938],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9940,9941],{},"Valid examples:",[44,9943,9945],{"className":46,"code":9944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9946,9947,9985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9948,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9960,9962,9964,9967,9969,9971,9974,9976,9978,9981,9983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9950,8716],{"class":59},[53,9952,64],{"class":63},[53,9954,8721],{"class":1320},[53,9956,121],{"class":67},[53,9958,9959],{"class":8726},"city",[53,9961,64],{"class":63},[53,9963,2862],{"class":71},[53,9965,9966],{"class":75},"Paris",[53,9968,2862],{"class":71},[53,9970,81],{"class":67},[53,9972,9973],{"class":8726}," country",[53,9975,64],{"class":63},[53,9977,2862],{"class":71},[53,9979,9980],{"class":75},"France",[53,9982,2862],{"class":71},[53,9984,130],{"class":67},[53,9986,9987,9989,9991,9993],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9988,137],{"class":136},[53,9990,121],{"class":67},[53,9992,8755],{"class":117},[53,9994,130],{"class":67},[20,9996,9997],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[173,9999,10000,10003,10006],{},[176,10001,10002],{},"spaces",[176,10004,10005],{},"hyphens",[176,10007,10008],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10010,10011,10012,10015],{},"For example, this is ",[30,10013,10014],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[44,10017,10019],{"className":46,"code":10018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10020,10021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10022,10023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10024,10018],{"class":148},[20,10026,10027],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10029,10031],{"className":46,"code":10030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10032,10033,10076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10034,10035,10037,10039,10042,10044,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10036,8716],{"class":59},[53,10038,64],{"class":63},[53,10040,10041],{"class":67}," {",[53,10043,2862],{"class":71},[53,10045,10046],{"class":75},"first-name",[53,10048,2862],{"class":71},[53,10050,171],{"class":67},[53,10052,2857],{"class":71},[53,10054,7229],{"class":75},[53,10056,2862],{"class":71},[53,10058,81],{"class":67},[53,10060,2857],{"class":71},[53,10062,10063],{"class":75},"first name",[53,10065,2862],{"class":71},[53,10067,171],{"class":67},[53,10069,2857],{"class":71},[53,10071,7229],{"class":75},[53,10073,2862],{"class":71},[53,10075,8860],{"class":67},[53,10077,10078,10080,10082,10084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10079,137],{"class":136},[53,10081,121],{"class":67},[53,10083,8755],{"class":117},[53,10085,130],{"class":67},[20,10087,10088],{},[30,10089,388],{},[44,10091,10093],{"className":46,"code":10092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10094,10095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10096,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10098,8829],{"class":67},[53,10100,2862],{"class":71},[53,10102,10046],{"class":75},[53,10104,2862],{"class":71},[53,10106,171],{"class":67},[53,10108,2857],{"class":71},[53,10110,7229],{"class":75},[53,10112,2862],{"class":71},[53,10114,81],{"class":67},[53,10116,2857],{"class":71},[53,10118,10063],{"class":75},[53,10120,2862],{"class":71},[53,10122,171],{"class":67},[53,10124,2857],{"class":71},[53,10126,7229],{"class":75},[53,10128,2862],{"class":71},[53,10130,8860],{"class":67},[39,10132,10134,10136,10137],{"id":10133},"dict-vs",[15,10135,8670],{}," vs ",[15,10138,3352],{},[20,10140,10141,10142,667,10144,10146],{},"Both ",[15,10143,8670],{},[15,10145,3352],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1418,10148,152,10150,1398],{"id":10149},"use-when",[15,10151,3352],{},[173,10153,10154,10157],{},[176,10155,10156],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[176,10158,10159],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[44,10161,10162],{"className":46,"code":9378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10163,10164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10165,10166,10168,10170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10167,8716],{"class":59},[53,10169,64],{"class":63},[53,10171,9389],{"class":67},[1418,10173,152,10175,1398],{"id":10174},"use-dict-when",[15,10176,8670],{},[173,10178,10179,10182,10185],{},[176,10180,10181],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[176,10183,10184],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[176,10186,10187],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[44,10189,10191],{"className":46,"code":10190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10192,10193,10230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10194,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10196,8716],{"class":59},[53,10198,64],{"class":63},[53,10200,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10202,9209],{"class":67},[53,10204,2862],{"class":71},[53,10206,195],{"class":75},[53,10208,2862],{"class":71},[53,10210,81],{"class":67},[53,10212,821],{"class":333},[53,10214,8784],{"class":67},[53,10216,8787],{"class":67},[53,10218,2862],{"class":71},[53,10220,704],{"class":75},[53,10222,2862],{"class":71},[53,10224,81],{"class":67},[53,10226,790],{"class":333},[53,10228,10229],{"class":67},")])\n",[53,10231,10232,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10233,10234],{"class":59},"info ",[53,10236,64],{"class":63},[53,10238,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10240,121],{"class":67},[53,10242,7220],{"class":8726},[53,10244,64],{"class":63},[53,10246,2862],{"class":71},[53,10248,4558],{"class":75},[53,10250,2862],{"class":71},[53,10252,81],{"class":67},[53,10254,8739],{"class":8726},[53,10256,64],{"class":63},[53,10258,8744],{"class":333},[53,10260,130],{"class":67},[20,10262,10263],{},"So:",[173,10265,10266,10271],{},[176,10267,10268,10270],{},[15,10269,3352],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[176,10272,10273,10275],{},[15,10274,8670],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10277,10278,10279,10283,10284,37],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[195,10280,10282],{"href":10281},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[195,10285,10287,10288,660],{"href":10286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10289,10290],{},"get()",[39,10292,10294],{"id":10293},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10296,10297,10298,37],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10299,8670],{},[1418,10301,10303],{"id":10302},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10305,4082],{},[44,10307,10309],{"className":46,"code":10308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10310,10311,10335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10312,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10314,60],{"class":59},[53,10316,64],{"class":63},[53,10318,68],{"class":67},[53,10320,2862],{"class":71},[53,10322,195],{"class":75},[53,10324,2862],{"class":71},[53,10326,81],{"class":67},[53,10328,2857],{"class":71},[53,10330,704],{"class":75},[53,10332,2862],{"class":71},[53,10334,101],{"class":67},[53,10336,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10338,8716],{"class":59},[53,10340,64],{"class":63},[53,10342,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10344,121],{"class":67},[53,10346,956],{"class":117},[53,10348,130],{"class":67},[20,10350,10351,10352,37],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10353,10354],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10356,10357],{},"Correct version:",[44,10359,10361],{"className":46,"code":10360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10362,10363,10397,10411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10364,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10366,60],{"class":59},[53,10368,64],{"class":63},[53,10370,8771],{"class":67},[53,10372,2862],{"class":71},[53,10374,195],{"class":75},[53,10376,2862],{"class":71},[53,10378,81],{"class":67},[53,10380,821],{"class":333},[53,10382,8784],{"class":67},[53,10384,8787],{"class":67},[53,10386,2862],{"class":71},[53,10388,704],{"class":75},[53,10390,2862],{"class":71},[53,10392,81],{"class":67},[53,10394,790],{"class":333},[53,10396,8800],{"class":67},[53,10398,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10400,8716],{"class":59},[53,10402,64],{"class":63},[53,10404,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10406,121],{"class":67},[53,10408,956],{"class":117},[53,10410,130],{"class":67},[53,10412,10413,10415,10417,10419],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,10414,137],{"class":136},[53,10416,121],{"class":67},[53,10418,8755],{"class":117},[53,10420,130],{"class":67},[1418,10422,10424],{"id":10423},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10426,10427],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[44,10429,10431],{"className":46,"code":10430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10432,10433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10434,10435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10436,10430],{"class":148},[20,10438,10439,10440,171],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10441,64],{},[44,10443,10445],{"className":46,"code":10444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10446,10447,10469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10448,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10450,8716],{"class":59},[53,10452,64],{"class":63},[53,10454,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10456,121],{"class":67},[53,10458,7220],{"class":8726},[53,10460,64],{"class":63},[53,10462,2862],{"class":71},[53,10464,4558],{"class":75},[53,10466,2862],{"class":71},[53,10468,130],{"class":67},[53,10470,10471,10473,10475,10477],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10472,137],{"class":136},[53,10474,121],{"class":67},[53,10476,8755],{"class":117},[53,10478,130],{"class":67},[1418,10480,10482],{"id":10481},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10484,10485],{},"This will not work:",[44,10487,10488],{"className":46,"code":10018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10489,10490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10491,10492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10493,10018],{"class":148},[20,10495,10496],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10498,10500],{"className":46,"code":10499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10501,10502,10526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10503,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10505,8716],{"class":59},[53,10507,64],{"class":63},[53,10509,10041],{"class":67},[53,10511,2862],{"class":71},[53,10513,10046],{"class":75},[53,10515,2862],{"class":71},[53,10517,171],{"class":67},[53,10519,2857],{"class":71},[53,10521,7229],{"class":75},[53,10523,2862],{"class":71},[53,10525,8860],{"class":67},[53,10527,10528,10530,10532,10534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10529,137],{"class":136},[53,10531,121],{"class":67},[53,10533,8755],{"class":117},[53,10535,130],{"class":67},[1418,10537,10539],{"id":10538},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10541,10542],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[44,10544,10546],{"className":46,"code":10545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10547,10548,10584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10549,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10551,8716],{"class":59},[53,10553,64],{"class":63},[53,10555,8721],{"class":1320},[53,10557,9209],{"class":67},[53,10559,2862],{"class":71},[53,10561,1735],{"class":75},[53,10563,2862],{"class":71},[53,10565,81],{"class":67},[53,10567,821],{"class":333},[53,10569,8784],{"class":67},[53,10571,8787],{"class":67},[53,10573,2862],{"class":71},[53,10575,1735],{"class":75},[53,10577,2862],{"class":71},[53,10579,81],{"class":67},[53,10581,790],{"class":333},[53,10583,10229],{"class":67},[53,10585,10586,10588,10590,10592],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10587,137],{"class":136},[53,10589,121],{"class":67},[53,10591,8755],{"class":117},[53,10593,130],{"class":67},[20,10595,10596],{},[30,10597,388],{},[44,10599,10601],{"className":46,"code":10600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10602,10603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10604,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10606,8829],{"class":67},[53,10608,2862],{"class":71},[53,10610,1735],{"class":75},[53,10612,2862],{"class":71},[53,10614,171],{"class":67},[53,10616,790],{"class":333},[53,10618,8860],{"class":67},[20,10620,10621,10622,37],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[195,10623,10625],{"href":10624},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[39,10627,2389],{"id":2388},[20,10629,10630,10631,10633],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10632,8670],{}," include:",[173,10635,10636,10645,10651,10654],{},[176,10637,10638,10639,1175,10642],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10640,10641],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10643,10644],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[176,10646,10647,10648],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10649,10650],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[176,10652,10653],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[176,10655,10656,10657,10659],{},"confusing ",[15,10658,8670],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10661,10662],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,10664,10666],{"className":46,"code":10665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10667,10668,10682,10692,10703],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10669,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10671,137],{"class":136},[53,10673,121],{"class":67},[53,10675,1321],{"class":1320},[53,10677,121],{"class":67},[53,10679,8755],{"class":117},[53,10681,628],{"class":67},[53,10683,10684,10686,10688,10690],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10685,137],{"class":136},[53,10687,121],{"class":67},[53,10689,8755],{"class":117},[53,10691,130],{"class":67},[53,10693,10694,10696,10698,10701],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,10695,137],{"class":136},[53,10697,121],{"class":67},[53,10699,10700],{"class":117},"list_of_pairs",[53,10702,130],{"class":67},[53,10704,10705,10707,10709,10712,10714,10716],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,10706,137],{"class":136},[53,10708,121],{"class":67},[53,10710,10711],{"class":136},"len",[53,10713,121],{"class":67},[53,10715,10700],{"class":117},[53,10717,628],{"class":67},[20,10719,10720],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[173,10722,10723,10726,10729],{},[176,10724,10725],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[176,10727,10728],{},"what data is being passed in",[176,10730,10731],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[39,10733,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,10735,4731,10737,667,10739,1459],{"id":10736},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10738,8670],{},[15,10740,3352],{},[20,10742,10743,10745,10746,10748],{},[15,10744,3352],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10747,8670],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1418,10750,1446,10752,10754],{"id":10751},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10753,8670],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10756,10757,10758,37],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10759,10644],{},[1418,10761,4711,10763,10766],{"id":10762},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10764,10765],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10768,10769],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1418,10771,10773,10774,10776],{"id":10772},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10775,8670],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10778,10779,10780,10783],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10781,10782],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[39,10785,1471],{"id":1470},[173,10787,10788,10793,10797,10802,10808],{},[176,10789,10790],{},[195,10791,10792],{"href":8942},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[176,10794,10795],{},[195,10796,8706],{"href":8705},[176,10798,10799],{},[195,10800,10801],{"href":10281},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[176,10803,10804],{},[195,10805,10287,10806,660],{"href":10286},[15,10807,10290],{},[176,10809,10810],{},[195,10811,10812],{"href":10624},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1494,10814,10815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":10817},[10818,10820,10826,10827,10828,10829,10836,10842,10843,10853],{"id":8896,"depth":104,"text":10819},"What dict() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":10821},[10822,10823,10824,10825],{"id":8953,"depth":133,"text":8954},{"id":8995,"depth":133,"text":8996},{"id":9099,"depth":133,"text":9100},{"id":9189,"depth":133,"text":9190},{"id":9301,"depth":104,"text":8954},{"id":9404,"depth":104,"text":9405},{"id":9827,"depth":104,"text":9828},{"id":10133,"depth":104,"text":10830,"children":10831},"dict() vs {}",[10832,10834],{"id":10149,"depth":133,"text":10833},"Use {} when:",{"id":10174,"depth":133,"text":10835},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10293,"depth":104,"text":10294,"children":10837},[10838,10839,10840,10841],{"id":10302,"depth":133,"text":10303},{"id":10423,"depth":133,"text":10424},{"id":10481,"depth":133,"text":10482},{"id":10538,"depth":133,"text":10539},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":10844},[10845,10847,10849,10851],{"id":10736,"depth":133,"text":10846},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10751,"depth":133,"text":10848},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10762,"depth":133,"text":10850},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10772,"depth":133,"text":10852},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8662,"description":10854},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10861,"title":10862,"body":10863,"description":12373,"extension":1524,"meta":12374,"navigation":372,"path":12375,"seo":12376,"stem":12377,"__hash__":12378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10864,"toc":12342},[10865,10872,10878,10885,10887,10948,10953,10958,10963,10981,10984,10988,10990,11006,11009,11022,11026,11029,11163,11165,11232,11235,11251,11257,11263,11266,11348,11350,11364,11368,11374,11439,11441,11449,11452,11475,11481,11544,11550,11553,11567,11580,11584,11595,11600,11611,11618,11622,11628,11750,11752,11778,11781,11798,11801,11912,11914,11963,11965,11978,11987,11992,11997,12008,12010,12113,12136,12138,12142,12161,12164,12222,12225,12251,12253,12259,12262,12268,12272,12279,12287,12293,12296,12298,12339],[10,10866,10868,10869,18],{"id":10867},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10870,10871],{},"clear()",[20,10873,10874,10877],{},[15,10875,10876],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10879,10880,10881,10884],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,10882,10883],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[39,10886,1566],{"id":1565},[44,10888,10890],{"className":46,"code":10889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10891,10892,10924,10935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10893,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10895,8716],{"class":59},[53,10897,64],{"class":63},[53,10899,10041],{"class":67},[53,10901,72],{"class":71},[53,10903,195],{"class":75},[53,10905,72],{"class":71},[53,10907,171],{"class":67},[53,10909,821],{"class":333},[53,10911,81],{"class":67},[53,10913,84],{"class":71},[53,10915,704],{"class":75},[53,10917,72],{"class":71},[53,10919,171],{"class":67},[53,10921,790],{"class":333},[53,10923,8860],{"class":67},[53,10925,10926,10928,10930,10933],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10927,8755],{"class":59},[53,10929,37],{"class":67},[53,10931,10932],{"class":117},"clear",[53,10934,8192],{"class":67},[53,10936,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,10938,137],{"class":136},[53,10940,121],{"class":67},[53,10942,8755],{"class":117},[53,10944,145],{"class":67},[53,10946,10947],{"class":148},"  # {}\n",[20,10949,10950,10952],{},[15,10951,10871],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[39,10954,163,10956,166],{"id":10955},"what-clear-does",[15,10957,10871],{},[20,10959,1541,10960,10962],{},[15,10961,10871],{}," method:",[173,10964,10965,10968,10971,10976],{},[176,10966,10967],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[176,10969,10970],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[176,10972,10973,10974],{},"Returns ",[15,10975,3338],{},[176,10977,10978,10979],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10980,3352],{},[20,10982,10983],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10985,8702,10986,37],{},[195,10987,8706],{"href":8705},[39,10989,202],{"id":201},[44,10991,10993],{"className":46,"code":10992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10994,10995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10996,10997,11000,11002,11004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10998,10999],{"class":59},"my_dict",[53,11001,37],{"class":67},[53,11003,10932],{"class":117},[53,11005,8192],{"class":67},[20,11007,11008],{},"Important points:",[173,11010,11011,11016,11019],{},[176,11012,11013,11015],{},[15,11014,10871],{}," takes no arguments",[176,11017,11018],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[176,11020,11021],{},"It empties that dictionary",[39,11023,11025],{"id":11024},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11027,11028],{},"Here is a basic example:",[44,11030,11032],{"className":46,"code":11031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11033,11034,11044,11065,11079,11096,11100,11104,11124,11128,11139,11143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11035,11036,11039,11041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11037,11038],{"class":59},"user ",[53,11040,64],{"class":63},[53,11042,11043],{"class":67}," {\n",[53,11045,11046,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11060,11062],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11047,11048],{"class":71},"    \"",[53,11050,7220],{"class":75},[53,11052,72],{"class":71},[53,11054,171],{"class":67},[53,11056,84],{"class":71},[53,11058,11059],{"class":75},"Maya",[53,11061,72],{"class":71},[53,11063,11064],{"class":67},",\n",[53,11066,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11068,11048],{"class":71},[53,11070,8850],{"class":75},[53,11072,72],{"class":71},[53,11074,171],{"class":67},[53,11076,8857],{"class":333},[53,11078,11064],{"class":67},[53,11080,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089,11091,11094],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11082,11048],{"class":71},[53,11084,9959],{"class":75},[53,11086,72],{"class":71},[53,11088,171],{"class":67},[53,11090,84],{"class":71},[53,11092,11093],{"class":75},"Berlin",[53,11095,1032],{"class":71},[53,11097,11098],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,11099,8860],{"class":67},[53,11101,11102],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,11103,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11105,11106,11108,11110,11112,11115,11117,11119,11122],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,11107,137],{"class":136},[53,11109,121],{"class":67},[53,11111,72],{"class":71},[53,11113,11114],{"class":75},"Before:",[53,11116,72],{"class":71},[53,11118,81],{"class":67},[53,11120,11121],{"class":117}," user",[53,11123,130],{"class":67},[53,11125,11126],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,11127,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11129,11130,11133,11135,11137],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,11131,11132],{"class":59},"user",[53,11134,37],{"class":67},[53,11136,10932],{"class":117},[53,11138,8192],{"class":67},[53,11140,11141],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,11142,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11155,11157,11159,11161],{"class":55,"line":11145},11,[53,11147,137],{"class":136},[53,11149,121],{"class":67},[53,11151,72],{"class":71},[53,11153,11154],{"class":75},"After:",[53,11156,72],{"class":71},[53,11158,81],{"class":67},[53,11160,11121],{"class":117},[53,11162,130],{"class":67},[20,11164,5111],{},[44,11166,11168],{"className":46,"code":11167,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11169,11170,11223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11171,11172,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11173,11174],{"class":59},"Before",[53,11176,171],{"class":67},[53,11178,10041],{"class":67},[53,11180,2862],{"class":71},[53,11182,7220],{"class":75},[53,11184,2862],{"class":71},[53,11186,171],{"class":67},[53,11188,2857],{"class":71},[53,11190,11059],{"class":75},[53,11192,2862],{"class":71},[53,11194,81],{"class":67},[53,11196,2857],{"class":71},[53,11198,8850],{"class":75},[53,11200,2862],{"class":71},[53,11202,171],{"class":67},[53,11204,8857],{"class":333},[53,11206,81],{"class":67},[53,11208,2857],{"class":71},[53,11210,9959],{"class":75},[53,11212,2862],{"class":71},[53,11214,171],{"class":67},[53,11216,2857],{"class":71},[53,11218,11093],{"class":75},[53,11220,2862],{"class":71},[53,11222,8860],{"class":67},[53,11224,11225,11228,11230],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11226,11227],{"class":59},"After",[53,11229,171],{"class":67},[53,11231,9389],{"class":67},[20,11233,11234],{},"What happens here:",[173,11236,11237,11242,11248],{},[176,11238,11239,11241],{},[15,11240,11132],{}," starts with three items",[176,11243,11244,11247],{},[15,11245,11246],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[176,11249,11250],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[39,11252,163,11254,11256],{"id":11253},"what-clear-returns",[15,11255,10871],{}," returns",[20,11258,11259,532,11261,37],{},[15,11260,10871],{},[15,11262,3338],{},[20,11264,11265],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,11267,11269],{"className":46,"code":11268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11270,11271,11305,11309,11324,11328,11338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11272,11273,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11297,11299,11301,11303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11274,11275],{"class":59},"my_dict ",[53,11277,64],{"class":63},[53,11279,10041],{"class":67},[53,11281,72],{"class":71},[53,11283,1735],{"class":75},[53,11285,72],{"class":71},[53,11287,171],{"class":67},[53,11289,821],{"class":333},[53,11291,81],{"class":67},[53,11293,84],{"class":71},[53,11295,11296],{"class":75},"y",[53,11298,72],{"class":71},[53,11300,171],{"class":67},[53,11302,790],{"class":333},[53,11304,8860],{"class":67},[53,11306,11307],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11308,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11310,11311,11313,11315,11318,11320,11322],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11312,351],{"class":59},[53,11314,64],{"class":63},[53,11316,11317],{"class":59}," my_dict",[53,11319,37],{"class":67},[53,11321,10932],{"class":117},[53,11323,8192],{"class":67},[53,11325,11326],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11327,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11329,11330,11332,11334,11336],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,11331,137],{"class":136},[53,11333,121],{"class":67},[53,11335,383],{"class":117},[53,11337,130],{"class":67},[53,11339,11340,11342,11344,11346],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,11341,137],{"class":136},[53,11343,121],{"class":67},[53,11345,10999],{"class":117},[53,11347,130],{"class":67},[20,11349,388],{},[44,11351,11353],{"className":46,"code":11352,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{}\n",[15,11354,11355,11360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11356,11357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11358,11359],{"class":3413},"None\n",[53,11361,11362],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11363,8986],{"class":67},[1418,11365,11367],{"id":11366},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11369,11370,11371,11373],{},"Do ",[30,11372,1112],{}," do this:",[44,11375,11377],{"className":46,"code":11376,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11378,11379,11411,11425,11429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11380,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395,11397,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11382,11275],{"class":59},[53,11384,64],{"class":63},[53,11386,10041],{"class":67},[53,11388,72],{"class":71},[53,11390,1735],{"class":75},[53,11392,72],{"class":71},[53,11394,171],{"class":67},[53,11396,821],{"class":333},[53,11398,81],{"class":67},[53,11400,84],{"class":71},[53,11402,11296],{"class":75},[53,11404,72],{"class":71},[53,11406,171],{"class":67},[53,11408,790],{"class":333},[53,11410,8860],{"class":67},[53,11412,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11414,11275],{"class":59},[53,11416,64],{"class":63},[53,11418,11317],{"class":59},[53,11420,37],{"class":67},[53,11422,10932],{"class":117},[53,11424,8192],{"class":67},[53,11426,11427],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11428,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11430,11431,11433,11435,11437],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11432,137],{"class":136},[53,11434,121],{"class":67},[53,11436,10999],{"class":117},[53,11438,130],{"class":67},[20,11440,388],{},[44,11442,11443],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11444,11445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11446,11447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11448,11359],{"class":3413},[20,11450,11451],{},"Why this happens:",[173,11453,11454,11460,11465],{},[176,11455,11456,11459],{},[15,11457,11458],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[176,11461,11462,11463],{},"The method returns ",[15,11464,3338],{},[176,11466,11467,11468,11471,11472,11474],{},"Then ",[15,11469,11470],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11473,3338],{}," in the variable",[20,11476,11477,11478,11480],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11479,10871],{}," by itself:",[44,11482,11484],{"className":46,"code":11483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11485,11486,11518,11528,11532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11487,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11489,11275],{"class":59},[53,11491,64],{"class":63},[53,11493,10041],{"class":67},[53,11495,72],{"class":71},[53,11497,1735],{"class":75},[53,11499,72],{"class":71},[53,11501,171],{"class":67},[53,11503,821],{"class":333},[53,11505,81],{"class":67},[53,11507,84],{"class":71},[53,11509,11296],{"class":75},[53,11511,72],{"class":71},[53,11513,171],{"class":67},[53,11515,790],{"class":333},[53,11517,8860],{"class":67},[53,11519,11520,11522,11524,11526],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11521,10999],{"class":59},[53,11523,37],{"class":67},[53,11525,10932],{"class":117},[53,11527,8192],{"class":67},[53,11529,11530],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11531,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11533,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11535,137],{"class":136},[53,11537,121],{"class":67},[53,11539,10999],{"class":117},[53,11541,145],{"class":67},[53,11543,10947],{"class":148},[39,11545,11547,11549],{"id":11546},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11548,10871],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11551,11552],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[44,11554,11555],{"className":46,"code":10992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11556,11557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11558,11559,11561,11563,11565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11560,10999],{"class":59},[53,11562,37],{"class":67},[53,11564,10932],{"class":117},[53,11566,8192],{"class":67},[44,11568,11570],{"className":46,"code":11569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11571,11572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11573,11574,11576,11578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11575,11275],{"class":59},[53,11577,64],{"class":63},[53,11579,9389],{"class":67},[1418,11581,11582],{"id":10932},[15,11583,10871],{},[173,11585,11586,11589,11592],{},[176,11587,11588],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[176,11590,11591],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[176,11593,11594],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1418,11596,11597],{"id":10999},[15,11598,11599],{},"my_dict = {}",[173,11601,11602,11605,11608],{},[176,11603,11604],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[176,11606,11607],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[176,11609,11610],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11612,11613,11614,37],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[195,11615,11617],{"href":11616},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[39,11619,11621],{"id":11620},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11623,11624,11625,11627],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11626,10871],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[44,11629,11631],{"className":46,"code":11630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11632,11633,11666,11676,11680,11691,11695,11715,11735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11634,11635,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11636,11637],{"class":59},"original ",[53,11639,64],{"class":63},[53,11641,10041],{"class":67},[53,11643,72],{"class":71},[53,11645,195],{"class":75},[53,11647,72],{"class":71},[53,11649,171],{"class":67},[53,11651,821],{"class":333},[53,11653,81],{"class":67},[53,11655,84],{"class":71},[53,11657,704],{"class":75},[53,11659,72],{"class":71},[53,11661,171],{"class":67},[53,11663,790],{"class":333},[53,11665,8860],{"class":67},[53,11667,11668,11671,11673],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11669,11670],{"class":59},"other_ref ",[53,11672,64],{"class":63},[53,11674,11675],{"class":59}," original\n",[53,11677,11678],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11679,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11681,11682,11685,11687,11689],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11683,11684],{"class":59},"original",[53,11686,37],{"class":67},[53,11688,10932],{"class":117},[53,11690,8192],{"class":67},[53,11692,11693],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,11694,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11696,11697,11699,11701,11703,11706,11708,11710,11713],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,11698,137],{"class":136},[53,11700,121],{"class":67},[53,11702,72],{"class":71},[53,11704,11705],{"class":75},"original:",[53,11707,72],{"class":71},[53,11709,81],{"class":67},[53,11711,11712],{"class":117}," original",[53,11714,130],{"class":67},[53,11716,11717,11719,11721,11723,11726,11728,11730,11733],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,11718,137],{"class":136},[53,11720,121],{"class":67},[53,11722,72],{"class":71},[53,11724,11725],{"class":75},"other_ref:",[53,11727,72],{"class":71},[53,11729,81],{"class":67},[53,11731,11732],{"class":117}," other_ref",[53,11734,130],{"class":67},[53,11736,11737,11739,11741,11743,11746,11748],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,11738,137],{"class":136},[53,11740,121],{"class":67},[53,11742,11637],{"class":117},[53,11744,11745],{"class":1041},"is",[53,11747,11732],{"class":117},[53,11749,130],{"class":67},[20,11751,388],{},[44,11753,11755],{"className":46,"code":11754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11756,11757,11765,11774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11758,11759,11761,11763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11760,11684],{"class":59},[53,11762,171],{"class":67},[53,11764,9389],{"class":67},[53,11766,11767,11770,11772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11768,11769],{"class":59},"other_ref",[53,11771,171],{"class":67},[53,11773,9389],{"class":67},[53,11775,11776],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11777,3540],{"class":3413},[20,11779,11780],{},"This shows:",[173,11782,11783,11790,11795],{},[176,11784,11785,667,11787,11789],{},[15,11786,11684],{},[15,11788,11769],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[176,11791,11792,11794],{},[15,11793,10871],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[176,11796,11797],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11799,11800],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[44,11802,11804],{"className":46,"code":11803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11805,11806,11838,11846,11850,11858,11862,11880,11898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11807,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11809,11637],{"class":59},[53,11811,64],{"class":63},[53,11813,10041],{"class":67},[53,11815,72],{"class":71},[53,11817,195],{"class":75},[53,11819,72],{"class":71},[53,11821,171],{"class":67},[53,11823,821],{"class":333},[53,11825,81],{"class":67},[53,11827,84],{"class":71},[53,11829,704],{"class":75},[53,11831,72],{"class":71},[53,11833,171],{"class":67},[53,11835,790],{"class":333},[53,11837,8860],{"class":67},[53,11839,11840,11842,11844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11841,11670],{"class":59},[53,11843,64],{"class":63},[53,11845,11675],{"class":59},[53,11847,11848],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11849,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11851,11852,11854,11856],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,11853,11637],{"class":59},[53,11855,64],{"class":63},[53,11857,9389],{"class":67},[53,11859,11860],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,11861,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,11863,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,11865,137],{"class":136},[53,11867,121],{"class":67},[53,11869,72],{"class":71},[53,11871,11705],{"class":75},[53,11873,72],{"class":71},[53,11875,81],{"class":67},[53,11877,11712],{"class":117},[53,11879,130],{"class":67},[53,11881,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,11883,137],{"class":136},[53,11885,121],{"class":67},[53,11887,72],{"class":71},[53,11889,11725],{"class":75},[53,11891,72],{"class":71},[53,11893,81],{"class":67},[53,11895,11732],{"class":117},[53,11897,130],{"class":67},[53,11899,11900,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,11901,137],{"class":136},[53,11903,121],{"class":67},[53,11905,11637],{"class":117},[53,11907,11745],{"class":1041},[53,11909,11732],{"class":117},[53,11911,130],{"class":67},[20,11913,388],{},[44,11915,11917],{"className":46,"code":11916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11918,11919,11927,11959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11920,11921,11923,11925],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11922,11684],{"class":59},[53,11924,171],{"class":67},[53,11926,9389],{"class":67},[53,11928,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11930,11769],{"class":59},[53,11932,171],{"class":67},[53,11934,10041],{"class":67},[53,11936,2862],{"class":71},[53,11938,195],{"class":75},[53,11940,2862],{"class":71},[53,11942,171],{"class":67},[53,11944,821],{"class":333},[53,11946,81],{"class":67},[53,11948,2857],{"class":71},[53,11950,704],{"class":75},[53,11952,2862],{"class":71},[53,11954,171],{"class":67},[53,11956,790],{"class":333},[53,11958,8860],{"class":67},[53,11960,11961],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,11962,3601],{"class":3413},[20,11964,1740],{},[173,11966,11967,11973],{},[176,11968,11969,11972],{},[15,11970,11971],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[176,11974,11975,11977],{},[15,11976,11769],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11979,11980,11981,37],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[195,11982,11984],{"href":11983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11985,11986],{},"dict.copy()",[39,11988,1391,11990],{"id":11989},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11991,10871],{},[20,11993,11994,11996],{},[15,11995,10871],{}," is useful when you want to:",[173,11998,11999,12002,12005],{},[176,12000,12001],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[176,12003,12004],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[176,12006,12007],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12009,316],{},[44,12011,12013],{"className":46,"code":12012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12014,12015,12024,12040,12060,12073,12077,12081,12086,12097,12101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12016,12017,12020,12022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12018,12019],{"class":59},"session_data ",[53,12021,64],{"class":63},[53,12023,11043],{"class":67},[53,12025,12026,12028,12031,12033,12035,12038],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12027,11048],{"class":71},[53,12029,12030],{"class":75},"user_id",[53,12032,72],{"class":71},[53,12034,171],{"class":67},[53,12036,12037],{"class":333}," 101",[53,12039,11064],{"class":67},[53,12041,12042,12044,12047,12049,12051,12053,12056,12058],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,12043,11048],{"class":71},[53,12045,12046],{"class":75},"theme",[53,12048,72],{"class":71},[53,12050,171],{"class":67},[53,12052,84],{"class":71},[53,12054,12055],{"class":75},"dark",[53,12057,72],{"class":71},[53,12059,11064],{"class":67},[53,12061,12062,12064,12067,12069,12071],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,12063,11048],{"class":71},[53,12065,12066],{"class":75},"logged_in",[53,12068,72],{"class":71},[53,12070,171],{"class":67},[53,12072,5974],{"class":3413},[53,12074,12075],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,12076,8860],{"class":67},[53,12078,12079],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,12080,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12082,12083],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,12084,12085],{"class":148},"# Reset for a new session\n",[53,12087,12088,12091,12093,12095],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,12089,12090],{"class":59},"session_data",[53,12092,37],{"class":67},[53,12094,10932],{"class":117},[53,12096,8192],{"class":67},[53,12098,12099],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,12100,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12102,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,12104,137],{"class":136},[53,12106,121],{"class":67},[53,12108,12090],{"class":117},[53,12110,145],{"class":67},[53,12112,10947],{"class":148},[20,12114,12115,12116,12122,12123,37,12127,12129,12130,37],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[195,12117,12119],{"href":12118},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12120,12121],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[195,12124,12126],{"href":12125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1147,12128],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[195,12131,12133],{"href":12132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12134,12135],{},"dict.popitem()",[39,12137,2389],{"id":2388},[20,12139,10297,12140,171],{},[15,12141,10871],{},[173,12143,12144,12150,12155,12158],{},[176,12145,12146,12147,12149],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12148,10871],{}," to a variable",[176,12151,8001,12152,12154],{},[15,12153,10871],{}," to return a new dictionary",[176,12156,12157],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[176,12159,12160],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12162,12163],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[44,12165,12167],{"className":46,"code":12166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12168,12169,12179,12193,12208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12170,12171,12173,12175,12177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12172,137],{"class":136},[53,12174,121],{"class":67},[53,12176,10999],{"class":117},[53,12178,130],{"class":67},[53,12180,12181,12183,12185,12187,12189,12191],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12182,137],{"class":136},[53,12184,121],{"class":67},[53,12186,1321],{"class":1320},[53,12188,121],{"class":67},[53,12190,10999],{"class":117},[53,12192,628],{"class":67},[53,12194,12195,12197,12199,12202,12204,12206],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,12196,137],{"class":136},[53,12198,121],{"class":67},[53,12200,12201],{"class":136},"id",[53,12203,121],{"class":67},[53,12205,10999],{"class":117},[53,12207,628],{"class":67},[53,12209,12210,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,12211,137],{"class":136},[53,12213,121],{"class":67},[53,12215,11670],{"class":117},[53,12217,11745],{"class":1041},[53,12219,11317],{"class":117},[53,12221,130],{"class":67},[20,12223,12224],{},"What these show:",[173,12226,12227,12233,12239,12245],{},[176,12228,12229,12232],{},[15,12230,12231],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[176,12234,12235,12238],{},[15,12236,12237],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[176,12240,12241,12244],{},[15,12242,12243],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[176,12246,12247,12250],{},[15,12248,12249],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[39,12252,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,12254,1431,12256,12258],{"id":12255},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12257,10871],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12260,12261],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1418,12263,1421,12265,12267],{"id":12264},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12266,10876],{}," return?",[20,12269,4701,12270,37],{},[15,12271,3338],{},[1418,12273,4731,12275,667,12277,1459],{"id":12274},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12276,10871],{},[15,12278,3352],{},[20,12280,12281,12283,12284,12286],{},[15,12282,10871],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12285,3352],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1418,12288,1431,12290,12292],{"id":12289},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12291,10871],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12294,12295],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[39,12297,1471],{"id":1470},[173,12299,12300,12304,12308,12315,12322,12329,12334],{},[176,12301,12302],{},[195,12303,8706],{"href":8705},[176,12305,12306],{},[195,12307,10792],{"href":8942},[176,12309,12310],{},[195,12311,10287,12312,660],{"href":12118},[15,12313,12314],{},"pop()",[176,12316,12317],{},[195,12318,10287,12319,660],{"href":12132},[15,12320,12321],{},"popitem()",[176,12323,12324],{},[195,12325,10287,12326,660],{"href":11983},[15,12327,12328],{},"copy()",[176,12330,12331],{},[195,12332,12333],{"href":11616},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[176,12335,12336],{},[195,12337,12338],{"href":12125},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1494,12340,12341],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":12343},[12344,12345,12347,12348,12349,12353,12358,12359,12361,12362,12372],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":10955,"depth":104,"text":12346},"What clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":11253,"depth":104,"text":12350,"children":12351},"What clear() returns",[12352],{"id":11366,"depth":133,"text":11367},{"id":11546,"depth":104,"text":12354,"children":12355},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12356,12357],{"id":10932,"depth":133,"text":10871},{"id":10999,"depth":133,"text":11599},{"id":11620,"depth":104,"text":11621},{"id":11989,"depth":104,"text":12360},"When to use clear()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":12363},[12364,12366,12368,12370],{"id":12255,"depth":133,"text":12365},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12264,"depth":133,"text":12367},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12274,"depth":133,"text":12369},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12289,"depth":133,"text":12371},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10862,"description":12373},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12380,"title":12381,"body":12382,"description":14548,"extension":1524,"meta":14549,"navigation":372,"path":14550,"seo":14551,"stem":14552,"__hash__":14553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12383,"toc":14520},[12384,12389,12394,12404,12406,12495,12499,12540,12545,12552,12570,12579,12581,12602,12605,12617,12619,12695,12699,12740,12742,12745,12873,12877,12957,12960,12978,12981,12985,12991,12993,13004,13006,13201,13205,13311,13314,13332,13335,13342,13347,13351,13365,13367,13494,13498,13578,13591,13597,13600,13608,13612,13738,13742,13816,13821,13952,13956,14030,14033,14047,14051,14055,14069,14071,14207,14211,14280,14282,14287,14309,14312,14419,14422,14433,14440,14442,14448,14451,14458,14461,14468,14476,14480,14483,14485,14517],[10,12385,10868,12387,18],{"id":12386},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12388,12328],{},[20,12390,12391,12393],{},[15,12392,11986],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12395,12396,12397,12399,12400,12403],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12398,12328],{}," makes a ",[30,12401,12402],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[39,12405,1566],{"id":1565},[44,12407,12409],{"className":46,"code":12408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12410,12411,12449,12466,12470,12481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12412,12413,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443,12445,12447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12414,12415],{"class":59},"student ",[53,12417,64],{"class":63},[53,12419,10041],{"class":67},[53,12421,72],{"class":71},[53,12423,7220],{"class":75},[53,12425,72],{"class":71},[53,12427,171],{"class":67},[53,12429,84],{"class":71},[53,12431,12432],{"class":75},"Ana",[53,12434,72],{"class":71},[53,12436,81],{"class":67},[53,12438,84],{"class":71},[53,12440,8850],{"class":75},[53,12442,72],{"class":71},[53,12444,171],{"class":67},[53,12446,339],{"class":333},[53,12448,8860],{"class":67},[53,12450,12451,12454,12456,12459,12461,12464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12452,12453],{"class":59},"student_copy ",[53,12455,64],{"class":63},[53,12457,12458],{"class":59}," student",[53,12460,37],{"class":67},[53,12462,12463],{"class":117},"copy",[53,12465,8192],{"class":67},[53,12467,12468],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,12469,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12471,12472,12474,12476,12479],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,12473,137],{"class":136},[53,12475,121],{"class":67},[53,12477,12478],{"class":117},"student_copy",[53,12480,130],{"class":67},[53,12482,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,12484,137],{"class":136},[53,12486,121],{"class":67},[53,12488,12453],{"class":117},[53,12490,11745],{"class":1041},[53,12492,12458],{"class":117},[53,12494,130],{"class":67},[20,12496,12497],{},[30,12498,388],{},[44,12500,12502],{"className":46,"code":12501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12503,12504,12536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12505,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12507,8829],{"class":67},[53,12509,2862],{"class":71},[53,12511,7220],{"class":75},[53,12513,2862],{"class":71},[53,12515,171],{"class":67},[53,12517,2857],{"class":71},[53,12519,12432],{"class":75},[53,12521,2862],{"class":71},[53,12523,81],{"class":67},[53,12525,2857],{"class":71},[53,12527,8850],{"class":75},[53,12529,2862],{"class":71},[53,12531,171],{"class":67},[53,12533,339],{"class":333},[53,12535,8860],{"class":67},[53,12537,12538],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12539,3601],{"class":3413},[20,12541,152,12542,12544],{},[15,12543,12328],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[39,12546,12548,12549,12551],{"id":12547},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12550,12328],{}," method does",[173,12553,12554,12559,12562,12567],{},[176,12555,12556,12558],{},[15,12557,11986],{}," returns a new dictionary",[176,12560,12561],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[176,12563,12564,12565],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12566,12328],{},[176,12568,12569],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12571,12572,12573,2438,12576,37],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[195,12574,8706],{"href":12575},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[195,12577,8943],{"href":12578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[39,12580,202],{"id":201},[44,12582,12584],{"className":46,"code":12583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12585,12586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12587,12588,12591,12593,12596,12598,12600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12589,12590],{"class":59},"new_dict ",[53,12592,64],{"class":63},[53,12594,12595],{"class":59}," old_dict",[53,12597,37],{"class":67},[53,12599,12463],{"class":117},[53,12601,8192],{"class":67},[20,12603,12604],{},"Key points:",[173,12606,12607,12611,12614],{},[176,12608,12609,11015],{},[15,12610,12328],{},[176,12612,12613],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[176,12615,12616],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12618,316],{},[44,12620,12622],{"className":46,"code":12621,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12623,12624,12664,12680,12684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12625,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660,12662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12627,561],{"class":59},[53,12629,64],{"class":63},[53,12631,10041],{"class":67},[53,12633,72],{"class":71},[53,12635,195],{"class":75},[53,12637,72],{"class":71},[53,12639,171],{"class":67},[53,12641,84],{"class":71},[53,12643,570],{"class":75},[53,12645,72],{"class":71},[53,12647,81],{"class":67},[53,12649,84],{"class":71},[53,12651,704],{"class":75},[53,12653,72],{"class":71},[53,12655,171],{"class":67},[53,12657,84],{"class":71},[53,12659,579],{"class":75},[53,12661,72],{"class":71},[53,12663,8860],{"class":67},[53,12665,12666,12669,12671,12674,12676,12678],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12667,12668],{"class":59},"new_colors ",[53,12670,64],{"class":63},[53,12672,12673],{"class":59}," colors",[53,12675,37],{"class":67},[53,12677,12463],{"class":117},[53,12679,8192],{"class":67},[53,12681,12682],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,12683,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12685,12686,12688,12690,12693],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,12687,137],{"class":136},[53,12689,121],{"class":67},[53,12691,12692],{"class":117},"new_colors",[53,12694,130],{"class":67},[20,12696,12697],{},[30,12698,388],{},[44,12700,12702],{"className":46,"code":12701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12703,12704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12705,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12707,8829],{"class":67},[53,12709,2862],{"class":71},[53,12711,195],{"class":75},[53,12713,2862],{"class":71},[53,12715,171],{"class":67},[53,12717,2857],{"class":71},[53,12719,570],{"class":75},[53,12721,2862],{"class":71},[53,12723,81],{"class":67},[53,12725,2857],{"class":71},[53,12727,704],{"class":75},[53,12729,2862],{"class":71},[53,12731,171],{"class":67},[53,12733,2857],{"class":71},[53,12735,579],{"class":75},[53,12737,2862],{"class":71},[53,12739,8860],{"class":67},[39,12741,11025],{"id":11024},[20,12743,12744],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[44,12746,12748],{"className":46,"code":12747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12749,12750,12788,12804,12808,12830,12834,12853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12751,12752,12755,12757,12759,12761,12763,12765,12767,12769,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12753,12754],{"class":59},"person ",[53,12756,64],{"class":63},[53,12758,10041],{"class":67},[53,12760,72],{"class":71},[53,12762,7220],{"class":75},[53,12764,72],{"class":71},[53,12766,171],{"class":67},[53,12768,84],{"class":71},[53,12770,12771],{"class":75},"Liam",[53,12773,72],{"class":71},[53,12775,81],{"class":67},[53,12777,84],{"class":71},[53,12779,8850],{"class":75},[53,12781,72],{"class":71},[53,12783,171],{"class":67},[53,12785,8857],{"class":333},[53,12787,8860],{"class":67},[53,12789,12790,12793,12795,12798,12800,12802],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12791,12792],{"class":59},"person_copy ",[53,12794,64],{"class":63},[53,12796,12797],{"class":59}," person",[53,12799,37],{"class":67},[53,12801,12463],{"class":117},[53,12803,8192],{"class":67},[53,12805,12806],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,12807,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12809,12810,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821,12824,12827],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,12811,12812],{"class":59},"person_copy",[53,12814,1226],{"class":67},[53,12816,72],{"class":71},[53,12818,8850],{"class":75},[53,12820,72],{"class":71},[53,12822,12823],{"class":67},"]",[53,12825,12826],{"class":63}," =",[53,12828,12829],{"class":333}," 26\n",[53,12831,12832],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,12833,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,12835,12836,12838,12840,12842,12845,12847,12849,12851],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,12837,137],{"class":136},[53,12839,121],{"class":67},[53,12841,72],{"class":71},[53,12843,12844],{"class":75},"Original:",[53,12846,72],{"class":71},[53,12848,81],{"class":67},[53,12850,12797],{"class":117},[53,12852,130],{"class":67},[53,12854,12855,12857,12859,12861,12864,12866,12868,12871],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,12856,137],{"class":136},[53,12858,121],{"class":67},[53,12860,72],{"class":71},[53,12862,12863],{"class":75},"Copy:",[53,12865,72],{"class":71},[53,12867,81],{"class":67},[53,12869,12870],{"class":117}," person_copy",[53,12872,130],{"class":67},[20,12874,12875],{},[30,12876,388],{},[44,12878,12880],{"className":46,"code":12879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12881,12882,12919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12883,12884,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915,12917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12885,12886],{"class":59},"Original",[53,12888,171],{"class":67},[53,12890,10041],{"class":67},[53,12892,2862],{"class":71},[53,12894,7220],{"class":75},[53,12896,2862],{"class":71},[53,12898,171],{"class":67},[53,12900,2857],{"class":71},[53,12902,12771],{"class":75},[53,12904,2862],{"class":71},[53,12906,81],{"class":67},[53,12908,2857],{"class":71},[53,12910,8850],{"class":75},[53,12912,2862],{"class":71},[53,12914,171],{"class":67},[53,12916,8857],{"class":333},[53,12918,8860],{"class":67},[53,12920,12921,12924,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952,12955],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12922,12923],{"class":59},"Copy",[53,12925,171],{"class":67},[53,12927,10041],{"class":67},[53,12929,2862],{"class":71},[53,12931,7220],{"class":75},[53,12933,2862],{"class":71},[53,12935,171],{"class":67},[53,12937,2857],{"class":71},[53,12939,12771],{"class":75},[53,12941,2862],{"class":71},[53,12943,81],{"class":67},[53,12945,2857],{"class":71},[53,12947,8850],{"class":75},[53,12949,2862],{"class":71},[53,12951,171],{"class":67},[53,12953,12954],{"class":333}," 26",[53,12956,8860],{"class":67},[20,12958,12959],{},"What happened here:",[173,12961,12962,12968,12975],{},[176,12963,12964,12967],{},[15,12965,12966],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[176,12969,12970,12971,12974],{},"Changing ",[15,12972,12973],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[176,12976,12977],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12979,12980],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[39,12982,12984],{"id":12983},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12986,12987,12399,12989,37],{},[15,12988,12328],{},[30,12990,12402],{},[20,12992,1669],{},[173,12994,12995,12998,13001],{},[176,12996,12997],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[176,12999,13000],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[176,13002,13003],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13005,316],{},[44,13007,13009],{"className":46,"code":13008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13010,13011,13019,13037,13060,13064,13068,13082,13086,13111,13115,13133,13152,13167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13012,13013,13015,13017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13014,12415],{"class":59},[53,13016,64],{"class":63},[53,13018,11043],{"class":67},[53,13020,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13022,11048],{"class":71},[53,13024,7220],{"class":75},[53,13026,72],{"class":71},[53,13028,171],{"class":67},[53,13030,84],{"class":71},[53,13032,12432],{"class":75},[53,13034,72],{"class":71},[53,13036,11064],{"class":67},[53,13038,13039,13041,13044,13046,13048,13050,13053,13055,13058],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13040,11048],{"class":71},[53,13042,13043],{"class":75},"grades",[53,13045,72],{"class":71},[53,13047,171],{"class":67},[53,13049,68],{"class":67},[53,13051,13052],{"class":333},"90",[53,13054,81],{"class":67},[53,13056,13057],{"class":333}," 85",[53,13059,101],{"class":67},[53,13061,13062],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,13063,8860],{"class":67},[53,13065,13066],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,13067,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13069,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,13071,12453],{"class":59},[53,13073,64],{"class":63},[53,13075,12458],{"class":59},[53,13077,37],{"class":67},[53,13079,12463],{"class":117},[53,13081,8192],{"class":67},[53,13083,13084],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,13085,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13087,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13101,13104,13106,13109],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,13089,12478],{"class":59},[53,13091,1226],{"class":67},[53,13093,72],{"class":71},[53,13095,13043],{"class":75},[53,13097,72],{"class":71},[53,13099,13100],{"class":67},"].",[53,13102,13103],{"class":117},"append",[53,13105,121],{"class":67},[53,13107,13108],{"class":333},"100",[53,13110,130],{"class":67},[53,13112,13113],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,13114,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13116,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,13118,137],{"class":136},[53,13120,121],{"class":67},[53,13122,72],{"class":71},[53,13124,12844],{"class":75},[53,13126,72],{"class":71},[53,13128,81],{"class":67},[53,13130,12458],{"class":117},[53,13132,130],{"class":67},[53,13134,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13150],{"class":55,"line":11145},[53,13136,137],{"class":136},[53,13138,121],{"class":67},[53,13140,72],{"class":71},[53,13142,12863],{"class":75},[53,13144,72],{"class":71},[53,13146,81],{"class":67},[53,13148,13149],{"class":117}," student_copy",[53,13151,130],{"class":67},[53,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165],{"class":55,"line":13154},12,[53,13156,137],{"class":136},[53,13158,121],{"class":67},[53,13160,12415],{"class":117},[53,13162,11745],{"class":1041},[53,13164,13149],{"class":117},[53,13166,130],{"class":67},[53,13168,13170,13172,13174,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199],{"class":55,"line":13169},13,[53,13171,137],{"class":136},[53,13173,121],{"class":67},[53,13175,13176],{"class":117},"student",[53,13178,1226],{"class":67},[53,13180,72],{"class":71},[53,13182,13043],{"class":75},[53,13184,72],{"class":71},[53,13186,12823],{"class":67},[53,13188,7646],{"class":1041},[53,13190,13149],{"class":117},[53,13192,1226],{"class":67},[53,13194,72],{"class":71},[53,13196,13043],{"class":75},[53,13198,72],{"class":71},[53,13200,3449],{"class":67},[20,13202,13203],{},[30,13204,388],{},[44,13206,13208],{"className":46,"code":13207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13209,13210,13257,13303,13307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13211,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13213,12886],{"class":59},[53,13215,171],{"class":67},[53,13217,10041],{"class":67},[53,13219,2862],{"class":71},[53,13221,7220],{"class":75},[53,13223,2862],{"class":71},[53,13225,171],{"class":67},[53,13227,2857],{"class":71},[53,13229,12432],{"class":75},[53,13231,2862],{"class":71},[53,13233,81],{"class":67},[53,13235,2857],{"class":71},[53,13237,13043],{"class":75},[53,13239,2862],{"class":71},[53,13241,171],{"class":67},[53,13243,68],{"class":67},[53,13245,13052],{"class":333},[53,13247,81],{"class":67},[53,13249,13057],{"class":333},[53,13251,81],{"class":67},[53,13253,9668],{"class":333},[53,13255,13256],{"class":67},"]}\n",[53,13258,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13260,12923],{"class":59},[53,13262,171],{"class":67},[53,13264,10041],{"class":67},[53,13266,2862],{"class":71},[53,13268,7220],{"class":75},[53,13270,2862],{"class":71},[53,13272,171],{"class":67},[53,13274,2857],{"class":71},[53,13276,12432],{"class":75},[53,13278,2862],{"class":71},[53,13280,81],{"class":67},[53,13282,2857],{"class":71},[53,13284,13043],{"class":75},[53,13286,2862],{"class":71},[53,13288,171],{"class":67},[53,13290,68],{"class":67},[53,13292,13052],{"class":333},[53,13294,81],{"class":67},[53,13296,13057],{"class":333},[53,13298,81],{"class":67},[53,13300,9668],{"class":333},[53,13302,13256],{"class":67},[53,13304,13305],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13306,3601],{"class":3413},[53,13308,13309],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,13310,3540],{"class":3413},[20,13312,13313],{},"Notice the difference:",[173,13315,13316,13324],{},[176,13317,13318,285,13321,13323],{},[15,13319,13320],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13322,3234],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[176,13325,13326,285,13329,13331],{},[15,13327,13328],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13330,3167],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13333,13334],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13336,13337,13338,37],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[195,13339,13341],{"href":13340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[39,13343,1391,13345],{"id":13344},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13346,12328],{},[20,13348,152,13349,1398],{},[15,13350,12328],{},[173,13352,13353,13356,13359,13362],{},[176,13354,13355],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[176,13357,13358],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[176,13360,13361],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[176,13363,13364],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13366,316],{},[44,13368,13370],{"className":46,"code":13369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13371,13372,13411,13427,13431,13451,13455,13474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13373,13374,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13402,13404,13406,13409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13375,13376],{"class":59},"settings ",[53,13378,64],{"class":63},[53,13380,10041],{"class":67},[53,13382,72],{"class":71},[53,13384,12046],{"class":75},[53,13386,72],{"class":71},[53,13388,171],{"class":67},[53,13390,84],{"class":71},[53,13392,12055],{"class":75},[53,13394,72],{"class":71},[53,13396,81],{"class":67},[53,13398,84],{"class":71},[53,13400,13401],{"class":75},"font_size",[53,13403,72],{"class":71},[53,13405,171],{"class":67},[53,13407,13408],{"class":333}," 14",[53,13410,8860],{"class":67},[53,13412,13413,13416,13418,13421,13423,13425],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13414,13415],{"class":59},"settings_backup ",[53,13417,64],{"class":63},[53,13419,13420],{"class":59}," settings",[53,13422,37],{"class":67},[53,13424,12463],{"class":117},[53,13426,8192],{"class":67},[53,13428,13429],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13430,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13432,13433,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,13434,13435],{"class":59},"settings",[53,13437,1226],{"class":67},[53,13439,72],{"class":71},[53,13441,13401],{"class":75},[53,13443,72],{"class":71},[53,13445,12823],{"class":67},[53,13447,12826],{"class":63},[53,13449,13450],{"class":333}," 16\n",[53,13452,13453],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,13454,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13456,13457,13459,13461,13463,13466,13468,13470,13472],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,13458,137],{"class":136},[53,13460,121],{"class":67},[53,13462,72],{"class":71},[53,13464,13465],{"class":75},"Current:",[53,13467,72],{"class":71},[53,13469,81],{"class":67},[53,13471,13420],{"class":117},[53,13473,130],{"class":67},[53,13475,13476,13478,13480,13482,13485,13487,13489,13492],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,13477,137],{"class":136},[53,13479,121],{"class":67},[53,13481,72],{"class":71},[53,13483,13484],{"class":75},"Backup:",[53,13486,72],{"class":71},[53,13488,81],{"class":67},[53,13490,13491],{"class":117}," settings_backup",[53,13493,130],{"class":67},[20,13495,13496],{},[30,13497,388],{},[44,13499,13501],{"className":46,"code":13500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13502,13503,13541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13504,13505,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13506,13507],{"class":59},"Current",[53,13509,171],{"class":67},[53,13511,10041],{"class":67},[53,13513,2862],{"class":71},[53,13515,12046],{"class":75},[53,13517,2862],{"class":71},[53,13519,171],{"class":67},[53,13521,2857],{"class":71},[53,13523,12055],{"class":75},[53,13525,2862],{"class":71},[53,13527,81],{"class":67},[53,13529,2857],{"class":71},[53,13531,13401],{"class":75},[53,13533,2862],{"class":71},[53,13535,171],{"class":67},[53,13537,13538],{"class":333}," 16",[53,13540,8860],{"class":67},[53,13542,13543,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13544,13545],{"class":59},"Backup",[53,13547,171],{"class":67},[53,13549,10041],{"class":67},[53,13551,2862],{"class":71},[53,13553,12046],{"class":75},[53,13555,2862],{"class":71},[53,13557,171],{"class":67},[53,13559,2857],{"class":71},[53,13561,12055],{"class":75},[53,13563,2862],{"class":71},[53,13565,81],{"class":67},[53,13567,2857],{"class":71},[53,13569,13401],{"class":75},[53,13571,2862],{"class":71},[53,13573,171],{"class":67},[53,13575,13408],{"class":333},[53,13577,8860],{"class":67},[20,13579,13580,13581,2438,13587,37],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[195,13582,13584],{"href":13583},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13585,13586],{},"dict.update()",[195,13588,13589],{"href":12375},[15,13590,10876],{},[39,13592,13594,13596],{"id":13593},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13595,12328],{}," vs assignment",[20,13598,13599],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13601,664,13602,13604,13605,13607],{},[15,13603,64],{}," does ",[30,13606,1112],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1418,13609,13611],{"id":13610},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[44,13613,13615],{"className":46,"code":13614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13616,13617,13649,13658,13662,13682,13686,13704,13724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13618,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13620,11637],{"class":59},[53,13622,64],{"class":63},[53,13624,10041],{"class":67},[53,13626,72],{"class":71},[53,13628,1735],{"class":75},[53,13630,72],{"class":71},[53,13632,171],{"class":67},[53,13634,821],{"class":333},[53,13636,81],{"class":67},[53,13638,84],{"class":71},[53,13640,11296],{"class":75},[53,13642,72],{"class":71},[53,13644,171],{"class":67},[53,13646,790],{"class":333},[53,13648,8860],{"class":67},[53,13650,13651,13654,13656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13652,13653],{"class":59},"assigned ",[53,13655,64],{"class":63},[53,13657,11675],{"class":59},[53,13659,13660],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13661,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13663,13664,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,13665,13666],{"class":59},"assigned",[53,13668,1226],{"class":67},[53,13670,72],{"class":71},[53,13672,1735],{"class":75},[53,13674,72],{"class":71},[53,13676,12823],{"class":67},[53,13678,12826],{"class":63},[53,13680,13681],{"class":333}," 99\n",[53,13683,13684],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,13685,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13687,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,13689,137],{"class":136},[53,13691,121],{"class":67},[53,13693,72],{"class":71},[53,13695,12844],{"class":75},[53,13697,72],{"class":71},[53,13699,81],{"class":67},[53,13701,11712],{"class":117},[53,13703,130],{"class":67},[53,13705,13706,13708,13710,13712,13715,13717,13719,13722],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,13707,137],{"class":136},[53,13709,121],{"class":67},[53,13711,72],{"class":71},[53,13713,13714],{"class":75},"Assigned:",[53,13716,72],{"class":71},[53,13718,81],{"class":67},[53,13720,13721],{"class":117}," assigned",[53,13723,130],{"class":67},[53,13725,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,13727,137],{"class":136},[53,13729,121],{"class":67},[53,13731,11637],{"class":117},[53,13733,11745],{"class":1041},[53,13735,13721],{"class":117},[53,13737,130],{"class":67},[20,13739,13740],{},[30,13741,388],{},[44,13743,13745],{"className":46,"code":13744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13746,13747,13779,13812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13748,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13750,12886],{"class":59},[53,13752,171],{"class":67},[53,13754,10041],{"class":67},[53,13756,2862],{"class":71},[53,13758,1735],{"class":75},[53,13760,2862],{"class":71},[53,13762,171],{"class":67},[53,13764,9747],{"class":333},[53,13766,81],{"class":67},[53,13768,2857],{"class":71},[53,13770,11296],{"class":75},[53,13772,2862],{"class":71},[53,13774,171],{"class":67},[53,13776,790],{"class":333},[53,13778,8860],{"class":67},[53,13780,13781,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13782,13783],{"class":59},"Assigned",[53,13785,171],{"class":67},[53,13787,10041],{"class":67},[53,13789,2862],{"class":71},[53,13791,1735],{"class":75},[53,13793,2862],{"class":71},[53,13795,171],{"class":67},[53,13797,9747],{"class":333},[53,13799,81],{"class":67},[53,13801,2857],{"class":71},[53,13803,11296],{"class":75},[53,13805,2862],{"class":71},[53,13807,171],{"class":67},[53,13809,790],{"class":333},[53,13811,8860],{"class":67},[53,13813,13814],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13815,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,13817,664,13819],{"id":13818},"using-copy",[15,13820,12328],{},[44,13822,13824],{"className":46,"code":13823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13825,13826,13858,13873,13877,13896,13900,13918,13938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13827,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13829,11637],{"class":59},[53,13831,64],{"class":63},[53,13833,10041],{"class":67},[53,13835,72],{"class":71},[53,13837,1735],{"class":75},[53,13839,72],{"class":71},[53,13841,171],{"class":67},[53,13843,821],{"class":333},[53,13845,81],{"class":67},[53,13847,84],{"class":71},[53,13849,11296],{"class":75},[53,13851,72],{"class":71},[53,13853,171],{"class":67},[53,13855,790],{"class":333},[53,13857,8860],{"class":67},[53,13859,13860,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13861,13862],{"class":59},"copied ",[53,13864,64],{"class":63},[53,13866,11712],{"class":59},[53,13868,37],{"class":67},[53,13870,12463],{"class":117},[53,13872,8192],{"class":67},[53,13874,13875],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,13876,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13878,13879,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,13880,13881],{"class":59},"copied",[53,13883,1226],{"class":67},[53,13885,72],{"class":71},[53,13887,1735],{"class":75},[53,13889,72],{"class":71},[53,13891,12823],{"class":67},[53,13893,12826],{"class":63},[53,13895,13681],{"class":333},[53,13897,13898],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,13899,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,13901,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,13903,137],{"class":136},[53,13905,121],{"class":67},[53,13907,72],{"class":71},[53,13909,12844],{"class":75},[53,13911,72],{"class":71},[53,13913,81],{"class":67},[53,13915,11712],{"class":117},[53,13917,130],{"class":67},[53,13919,13920,13922,13924,13926,13929,13931,13933,13936],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,13921,137],{"class":136},[53,13923,121],{"class":67},[53,13925,72],{"class":71},[53,13927,13928],{"class":75},"Copied:",[53,13930,72],{"class":71},[53,13932,81],{"class":67},[53,13934,13935],{"class":117}," copied",[53,13937,130],{"class":67},[53,13939,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,13941,137],{"class":136},[53,13943,121],{"class":67},[53,13945,11637],{"class":117},[53,13947,11745],{"class":1041},[53,13949,13935],{"class":117},[53,13951,130],{"class":67},[20,13953,13954],{},[30,13955,388],{},[44,13957,13959],{"className":46,"code":13958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13960,13961,13993,14026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13962,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13964,12886],{"class":59},[53,13966,171],{"class":67},[53,13968,10041],{"class":67},[53,13970,2862],{"class":71},[53,13972,1735],{"class":75},[53,13974,2862],{"class":71},[53,13976,171],{"class":67},[53,13978,821],{"class":333},[53,13980,81],{"class":67},[53,13982,2857],{"class":71},[53,13984,11296],{"class":75},[53,13986,2862],{"class":71},[53,13988,171],{"class":67},[53,13990,790],{"class":333},[53,13992,8860],{"class":67},[53,13994,13995,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13996,13997],{"class":59},"Copied",[53,13999,171],{"class":67},[53,14001,10041],{"class":67},[53,14003,2862],{"class":71},[53,14005,1735],{"class":75},[53,14007,2862],{"class":71},[53,14009,171],{"class":67},[53,14011,9747],{"class":333},[53,14013,81],{"class":67},[53,14015,2857],{"class":71},[53,14017,11296],{"class":75},[53,14019,2862],{"class":71},[53,14021,171],{"class":67},[53,14023,790],{"class":333},[53,14025,8860],{"class":67},[53,14027,14028],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14029,3601],{"class":3413},[20,14031,14032],{},"Summary:",[173,14034,14035,14041],{},[176,14036,14037,14040],{},[15,14038,14039],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[176,14042,14043,14046],{},[15,14044,14045],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[39,14048,14050],{"id":14049},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14052,14053,171],{},[15,14054,12328],{},[173,14056,14057,14060,14063,14066],{},[176,14058,14059],{},"Returns a dictionary",[176,14061,14062],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[176,14064,14065],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[176,14067,14068],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14070,316],{},[44,14072,14074],{"className":46,"code":14073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14075,14076,14108,14124,14128,14146,14166,14170,14188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14077,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14079,8716],{"class":59},[53,14081,64],{"class":63},[53,14083,10041],{"class":67},[53,14085,72],{"class":71},[53,14087,195],{"class":75},[53,14089,72],{"class":71},[53,14091,171],{"class":67},[53,14093,821],{"class":333},[53,14095,81],{"class":67},[53,14097,84],{"class":71},[53,14099,704],{"class":75},[53,14101,72],{"class":71},[53,14103,171],{"class":67},[53,14105,790],{"class":333},[53,14107,8860],{"class":67},[53,14109,14110,14113,14115,14118,14120,14122],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14111,14112],{"class":59},"data_copy ",[53,14114,64],{"class":63},[53,14116,14117],{"class":59}," data",[53,14119,37],{"class":67},[53,14121,12463],{"class":117},[53,14123,8192],{"class":67},[53,14125,14126],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14127,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,14129,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,14131,8755],{"class":59},[53,14133,1226],{"class":67},[53,14135,72],{"class":71},[53,14137,195],{"class":75},[53,14139,72],{"class":71},[53,14141,12823],{"class":67},[53,14143,12826],{"class":63},[53,14145,2145],{"class":333},[53,14147,14148,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,14149,14150],{"class":59},"data_copy",[53,14152,1226],{"class":67},[53,14154,72],{"class":71},[53,14156,704],{"class":75},[53,14158,72],{"class":71},[53,14160,12823],{"class":67},[53,14162,12826],{"class":63},[53,14164,14165],{"class":333}," 20\n",[53,14167,14168],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,14169,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,14171,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,14173,137],{"class":136},[53,14175,121],{"class":67},[53,14177,72],{"class":71},[53,14179,12844],{"class":75},[53,14181,72],{"class":71},[53,14183,81],{"class":67},[53,14185,14117],{"class":117},[53,14187,130],{"class":67},[53,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14205],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,14191,137],{"class":136},[53,14193,121],{"class":67},[53,14195,72],{"class":71},[53,14197,12863],{"class":75},[53,14199,72],{"class":71},[53,14201,81],{"class":67},[53,14203,14204],{"class":117}," data_copy",[53,14206,130],{"class":67},[20,14208,14209],{},[30,14210,388],{},[44,14212,14214],{"className":46,"code":14213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14215,14216,14248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14217,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14219,12886],{"class":59},[53,14221,171],{"class":67},[53,14223,10041],{"class":67},[53,14225,2862],{"class":71},[53,14227,195],{"class":75},[53,14229,2862],{"class":71},[53,14231,171],{"class":67},[53,14233,5556],{"class":333},[53,14235,81],{"class":67},[53,14237,2857],{"class":71},[53,14239,704],{"class":75},[53,14241,2862],{"class":71},[53,14243,171],{"class":67},[53,14245,790],{"class":333},[53,14247,8860],{"class":67},[53,14249,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14251,12923],{"class":59},[53,14253,171],{"class":67},[53,14255,10041],{"class":67},[53,14257,2862],{"class":71},[53,14259,195],{"class":75},[53,14261,2862],{"class":71},[53,14263,171],{"class":67},[53,14265,821],{"class":333},[53,14267,81],{"class":67},[53,14269,2857],{"class":71},[53,14271,704],{"class":75},[53,14273,2862],{"class":71},[53,14275,171],{"class":67},[53,14277,339],{"class":333},[53,14279,8860],{"class":67},[39,14281,2389],{"id":2388},[20,14283,14284,14285,171],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14286,11986],{},[173,14288,14289,14296,14301,14306],{},[176,14290,664,14291,1175,14293,14295],{},[15,14292,64],{},[15,14294,12328],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[176,14297,4136,14298,14300],{},[15,14299,12328],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[176,14302,14303,14304],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14305,12328],{},[176,14307,14308],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14310,14311],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[44,14313,14315],{"className":46,"code":14314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14316,14317,14327,14337,14351,14374,14397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14318,14319,14321,14323,14325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14320,137],{"class":136},[53,14322,121],{"class":67},[53,14324,11684],{"class":117},[53,14326,130],{"class":67},[53,14328,14329,14331,14333,14335],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14330,137],{"class":136},[53,14332,121],{"class":67},[53,14334,13881],{"class":117},[53,14336,130],{"class":67},[53,14338,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14340,137],{"class":136},[53,14342,121],{"class":67},[53,14344,11637],{"class":117},[53,14346,11745],{"class":1041},[53,14348,13935],{"class":117},[53,14350,130],{"class":67},[53,14352,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14368,14370,14372],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,14354,137],{"class":136},[53,14356,121],{"class":67},[53,14358,12201],{"class":136},[53,14360,121],{"class":67},[53,14362,11684],{"class":117},[53,14364,8784],{"class":67},[53,14366,14367],{"class":136}," id",[53,14369,121],{"class":67},[53,14371,13881],{"class":117},[53,14373,628],{"class":67},[53,14375,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14393,14395],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,14377,137],{"class":136},[53,14379,121],{"class":67},[53,14381,12201],{"class":136},[53,14383,121],{"class":67},[53,14385,11684],{"class":117},[53,14387,1226],{"class":67},[53,14389,72],{"class":71},[53,14391,14392],{"class":75},"key",[53,14394,72],{"class":71},[53,14396,2559],{"class":67},[53,14398,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,14400,137],{"class":136},[53,14402,121],{"class":67},[53,14404,12201],{"class":136},[53,14406,121],{"class":67},[53,14408,13881],{"class":117},[53,14410,1226],{"class":67},[53,14412,72],{"class":71},[53,14414,14392],{"class":75},[53,14416,72],{"class":71},[53,14418,2559],{"class":67},[20,14420,14421],{},"What these help you check:",[173,14423,14424,14427,14430],{},[176,14425,14426],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[176,14428,14429],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[176,14431,14432],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14434,14435,14436,37],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[195,14437,14439],{"href":14438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[39,14441,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,14443,1431,14445,14447],{"id":14444},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14446,11986],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14449,14450],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1418,14452,14454,14455,14457],{"id":14453},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14456,11986],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14459,14460],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1418,14462,4731,14464,667,14466,1459],{"id":14463},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14465,12328],{},[15,14467,64],{},[20,14469,14470,14472,14473,14475],{},[15,14471,12328],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14474,64],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1418,14477,14479],{"id":14478},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14481,14482],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[39,14484,1471],{"id":1470},[173,14486,14487,14491,14495,14499,14506,14512],{},[176,14488,14489],{},[195,14490,10792],{"href":12578},[176,14492,14493],{},[195,14494,8706],{"href":12575},[176,14496,14497],{},[195,14498,13341],{"href":13340},[176,14500,14501],{},[195,14502,10287,14503,660],{"href":13583},[15,14504,14505],{},"update()",[176,14507,14508],{},[195,14509,10287,14510,660],{"href":12375},[15,14511,10871],{},[176,14513,14514],{},[195,14515,14516],{"href":14438},"How to copy a list in Python",[1494,14518,14519],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":14521},[14522,14523,14525,14526,14527,14528,14530,14536,14537,14538,14547],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":12547,"depth":104,"text":14524},"What the copy() method does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":12983,"depth":104,"text":12984},{"id":13344,"depth":104,"text":14529},"When to use copy()",{"id":13593,"depth":104,"text":14531,"children":14532},"copy() vs assignment",[14533,14534],{"id":13610,"depth":133,"text":13611},{"id":13818,"depth":133,"text":14535},"Using copy()",{"id":14049,"depth":104,"text":14050},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":14539},[14540,14542,14544,14546],{"id":14444,"depth":133,"text":14541},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14453,"depth":133,"text":14543},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14463,"depth":133,"text":14545},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14478,"depth":133,"text":14479},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12381,"description":14548},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14555,"title":14556,"body":14557,"description":16751,"extension":1524,"meta":16752,"navigation":372,"path":12578,"seo":16753,"stem":16754,"__hash__":16755},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14558,"toc":16713},[14559,14562,14568,14577,14579,14655,14659,14708,14711,14715,14729,14732,14736,14749,14752,14785,14799,14802,14814,14818,14821,14829,14909,14913,14966,14970,14988,14990,15072,15075,15077,15080,15083,15106,15130,15134,15142,15145,15149,15158,15163,15221,15225,15258,15264,15270,15273,15327,15331,15381,15384,15390,15393,15401,15403,15448,15453,15462,15465,15468,15515,15517,15522,15525,15619,15623,15676,15679,15735,15738,15742,15745,15759,15763,15829,15833,15858,15861,15865,15943,15947,15950,15953,15973,15976,16029,16033,16036,16039,16052,16054,16143,16150,16153,16164,16166,16169,16189,16193,16195,16204,16206,16245,16249,16251,16260,16269,16271,16309,16313,16360,16364,16385,16389,16392,16504,16509,16606,16627,16629,16633,16640,16644,16650,16654,16657,16661,16664,16671,16679,16681,16707,16710],[10,14560,14556],{"id":14561},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14563,14564,14565,14567],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14566,8682],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14569,14570,14571,2438,14573,37],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[195,14572,8706],{"href":8705},[195,14574,14576],{"href":14575},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[39,14578,1566],{"id":1565},[44,14580,14582],{"className":46,"code":14581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14583,14584,14592,14610,14624,14637,14641,14645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14585,14586,14588,14590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14587,12415],{"class":59},[53,14589,64],{"class":63},[53,14591,11043],{"class":67},[53,14593,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14595,11048],{"class":71},[53,14597,7220],{"class":75},[53,14599,72],{"class":71},[53,14601,171],{"class":67},[53,14603,84],{"class":71},[53,14605,12432],{"class":75},[53,14607,72],{"class":71},[53,14609,11064],{"class":67},[53,14611,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14613,11048],{"class":71},[53,14615,8850],{"class":75},[53,14617,72],{"class":71},[53,14619,171],{"class":67},[53,14621,339],{"class":333},[53,14623,11064],{"class":67},[53,14625,14626,14628,14631,14633,14635],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,14627,11048],{"class":71},[53,14629,14630],{"class":75},"is_active",[53,14632,72],{"class":71},[53,14634,171],{"class":67},[53,14636,5974],{"class":3413},[53,14638,14639],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,14640,8860],{"class":67},[53,14642,14643],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,14644,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,14646,14647,14649,14651,14653],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,14648,137],{"class":136},[53,14650,121],{"class":67},[53,14652,13176],{"class":117},[53,14654,130],{"class":67},[20,14656,14657],{},[30,14658,388],{},[44,14660,14662],{"className":46,"code":14661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14663,14664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14667,8829],{"class":67},[53,14669,2862],{"class":71},[53,14671,7220],{"class":75},[53,14673,2862],{"class":71},[53,14675,171],{"class":67},[53,14677,2857],{"class":71},[53,14679,12432],{"class":75},[53,14681,2862],{"class":71},[53,14683,81],{"class":67},[53,14685,2857],{"class":71},[53,14687,8850],{"class":75},[53,14689,2862],{"class":71},[53,14691,171],{"class":67},[53,14693,339],{"class":333},[53,14695,81],{"class":67},[53,14697,2857],{"class":71},[53,14699,14630],{"class":75},[53,14701,2862],{"class":71},[53,14703,171],{"class":67},[53,14705,3476],{"class":3413},[53,14707,8860],{"class":67},[20,14709,14710],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[39,14712,14714],{"id":14713},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[173,14716,14717,14720,14723,14726],{},[176,14718,14719],{},"What a dictionary is",[176,14721,14722],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[176,14724,14725],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[176,14727,14728],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[39,14730,14719],{"id":14731},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14733,8679,14734,37],{},[30,14735,8682],{},[173,14737,14738,14744],{},[176,14739,14740,14741,14743],{},"A ",[30,14742,14392],{}," is the label",[176,14745,14740,14746,14748],{},[30,14747,224],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14750,14751],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[44,14753,14755],{"className":46,"code":14754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14756,14757,14765,14781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14758,14759,14761,14763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14760,12415],{"class":59},[53,14762,64],{"class":63},[53,14764,11043],{"class":67},[53,14766,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14768,11048],{"class":71},[53,14770,7220],{"class":75},[53,14772,72],{"class":71},[53,14774,171],{"class":67},[53,14776,84],{"class":71},[53,14778,12432],{"class":75},[53,14780,1032],{"class":71},[53,14782,14783],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14784,8860],{"class":67},[173,14786,14787,14793],{},[176,14788,14789,14792],{},[15,14790,14791],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[176,14794,14795,14798],{},[15,14796,14797],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14800,14801],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[173,14803,14804,14806,14808,14811],{},[176,14805,7220],{},[176,14807,8850],{},[176,14809,14810],{},"email",[176,14812,14813],{},"country",[39,14815,14817],{"id":14816},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14819,14820],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14822,152,14823,14825,14826,37],{},[15,14824,3352],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14827,14828],{},"key: value",[44,14830,14832],{"className":46,"code":14831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14833,14834,14842,14860,14874,14891,14895,14899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14835,14836,14838,14840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14837,12415],{"class":59},[53,14839,64],{"class":63},[53,14841,11043],{"class":67},[53,14843,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14845,11048],{"class":71},[53,14847,7220],{"class":75},[53,14849,72],{"class":71},[53,14851,171],{"class":67},[53,14853,84],{"class":71},[53,14855,12432],{"class":75},[53,14857,72],{"class":71},[53,14859,11064],{"class":67},[53,14861,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,14863,11048],{"class":71},[53,14865,8850],{"class":75},[53,14867,72],{"class":71},[53,14869,171],{"class":67},[53,14871,339],{"class":333},[53,14873,11064],{"class":67},[53,14875,14876,14878,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,14877,11048],{"class":71},[53,14879,14880],{"class":75},"course",[53,14882,72],{"class":71},[53,14884,171],{"class":67},[53,14886,84],{"class":71},[53,14888,6848],{"class":75},[53,14890,1032],{"class":71},[53,14892,14893],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,14894,8860],{"class":67},[53,14896,14897],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,14898,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,14900,14901,14903,14905,14907],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,14902,137],{"class":136},[53,14904,121],{"class":67},[53,14906,13176],{"class":117},[53,14908,130],{"class":67},[20,14910,14911],{},[30,14912,388],{},[44,14914,14916],{"className":46,"code":14915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14917,14918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14919,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14921,8829],{"class":67},[53,14923,2862],{"class":71},[53,14925,7220],{"class":75},[53,14927,2862],{"class":71},[53,14929,171],{"class":67},[53,14931,2857],{"class":71},[53,14933,12432],{"class":75},[53,14935,2862],{"class":71},[53,14937,81],{"class":67},[53,14939,2857],{"class":71},[53,14941,8850],{"class":75},[53,14943,2862],{"class":71},[53,14945,171],{"class":67},[53,14947,339],{"class":333},[53,14949,81],{"class":67},[53,14951,2857],{"class":71},[53,14953,14880],{"class":75},[53,14955,2862],{"class":71},[53,14957,171],{"class":67},[53,14959,2857],{"class":71},[53,14961,6848],{"class":75},[53,14963,2862],{"class":71},[53,14965,8860],{"class":67},[1418,14967,14969],{"id":14968},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[173,14971,14972,14977,14982,14985],{},[176,14973,152,14974,14976],{},[15,14975,3352],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[176,14978,14979,14980],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14981,14828],{},[176,14983,14984],{},"Separate items with commas",[176,14986,14987],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14989,316],{},[44,14991,14993],{"className":46,"code":14992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14994,14995,15004,15024,15040,15053,15057,15061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14996,14997,15000,15002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14998,14999],{"class":59},"book ",[53,15001,64],{"class":63},[53,15003,11043],{"class":67},[53,15005,15006,15008,15011,15013,15015,15017,15020,15022],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15007,11048],{"class":71},[53,15009,15010],{"class":75},"title",[53,15012,72],{"class":71},[53,15014,171],{"class":67},[53,15016,84],{"class":71},[53,15018,15019],{"class":75},"Python Basics",[53,15021,72],{"class":71},[53,15023,11064],{"class":67},[53,15025,15026,15028,15031,15033,15035,15038],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15027,11048],{"class":71},[53,15029,15030],{"class":75},"pages",[53,15032,72],{"class":71},[53,15034,171],{"class":67},[53,15036,15037],{"class":333}," 150",[53,15039,11064],{"class":67},[53,15041,15042,15044,15047,15049,15051],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15043,11048],{"class":71},[53,15045,15046],{"class":75},"available",[53,15048,72],{"class":71},[53,15050,171],{"class":67},[53,15052,5974],{"class":3413},[53,15054,15055],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15056,8860],{"class":67},[53,15058,15059],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,15060,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15062,15063,15065,15067,15070],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,15064,137],{"class":136},[53,15066,121],{"class":67},[53,15068,15069],{"class":117},"book",[53,15071,130],{"class":67},[20,15073,15074],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[39,15076,8954],{"id":8953},[20,15078,15079],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15081,15082],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[44,15084,15086],{"className":46,"code":15085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15087,15088,15096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15089,15090,15092,15094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15091,8716],{"class":59},[53,15093,64],{"class":63},[53,15095,9389],{"class":67},[53,15097,15098,15100,15102,15104],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15099,137],{"class":136},[53,15101,121],{"class":67},[53,15103,8755],{"class":117},[53,15105,130],{"class":67},[44,15107,15108],{"className":46,"code":8957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,15109,15110,15120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15111,15112,15114,15116,15118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15113,8716],{"class":59},[53,15115,64],{"class":63},[53,15117,8721],{"class":1320},[53,15119,8192],{"class":67},[53,15121,15122,15124,15126,15128],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15123,137],{"class":136},[53,15125,121],{"class":67},[53,15127,8755],{"class":117},[53,15129,130],{"class":67},[20,15131,15132],{},[30,15133,388],{},[44,15135,15136],{"className":46,"code":8986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,15137,15138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15139,15140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15141,8986],{"class":67},[20,15143,15144],{},"Both are correct.",[1418,15146,15148],{"id":15147},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15150,15151,15153,15154,15157],{},[15,15152,3352],{}," creates an empty ",[30,15155,15156],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15159,15160,15161,37],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15162,3357],{},[44,15164,15166],{"className":46,"code":15165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15167,15168,15176,15188,15192,15206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15169,15170,15172,15174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15171,11275],{"class":59},[53,15173,64],{"class":63},[53,15175,9389],{"class":67},[53,15177,15178,15181,15183,15186],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15179,15180],{"class":59},"my_set ",[53,15182,64],{"class":63},[53,15184,15185],{"class":1320}," set",[53,15187,8192],{"class":67},[53,15189,15190],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15191,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15193,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15195,137],{"class":136},[53,15197,121],{"class":67},[53,15199,1321],{"class":1320},[53,15201,121],{"class":67},[53,15203,10999],{"class":117},[53,15205,628],{"class":67},[53,15207,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15219],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15209,137],{"class":136},[53,15211,121],{"class":67},[53,15213,1321],{"class":1320},[53,15215,121],{"class":67},[53,15217,15218],{"class":117},"my_set",[53,15220,628],{"class":67},[20,15222,15223],{},[30,15224,388],{},[44,15226,15228],{"className":46,"code":15227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15229,15230,15244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15231,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15233,2851],{"class":63},[53,15235,2854],{"class":1627},[53,15237,2857],{"class":71},[53,15239,8371],{"class":75},[53,15241,2862],{"class":71},[53,15243,2865],{"class":63},[53,15245,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15247,2851],{"class":63},[53,15249,2854],{"class":1627},[53,15251,2857],{"class":71},[53,15253,5839],{"class":75},[53,15255,2862],{"class":71},[53,15257,2865],{"class":63},[39,15259,15261,15262],{"id":15260},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15263,8670],{},[20,15265,15266,15267,15269],{},"You can also use ",[15,15268,8670],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15271,15272],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[44,15274,15276],{"className":46,"code":15275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15277,15278,15317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15279,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15311,15313,15315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15281,12415],{"class":59},[53,15283,64],{"class":63},[53,15285,8721],{"class":1320},[53,15287,121],{"class":67},[53,15289,7220],{"class":8726},[53,15291,64],{"class":63},[53,15293,72],{"class":71},[53,15295,12432],{"class":75},[53,15297,72],{"class":71},[53,15299,81],{"class":67},[53,15301,8739],{"class":8726},[53,15303,64],{"class":63},[53,15305,365],{"class":333},[53,15307,81],{"class":67},[53,15309,15310],{"class":8726}," active",[53,15312,64],{"class":63},[53,15314,3167],{"class":3413},[53,15316,130],{"class":67},[53,15318,15319,15321,15323,15325],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15320,137],{"class":136},[53,15322,121],{"class":67},[53,15324,13176],{"class":117},[53,15326,130],{"class":67},[20,15328,15329],{},[30,15330,388],{},[44,15332,15334],{"className":46,"code":15333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15335,15336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15337,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15373,15375,15377,15379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15339,8829],{"class":67},[53,15341,2862],{"class":71},[53,15343,7220],{"class":75},[53,15345,2862],{"class":71},[53,15347,171],{"class":67},[53,15349,2857],{"class":71},[53,15351,12432],{"class":75},[53,15353,2862],{"class":71},[53,15355,81],{"class":67},[53,15357,2857],{"class":71},[53,15359,8850],{"class":75},[53,15361,2862],{"class":71},[53,15363,171],{"class":67},[53,15365,339],{"class":333},[53,15367,81],{"class":67},[53,15369,2857],{"class":71},[53,15371,15372],{"class":75},"active",[53,15374,2862],{"class":71},[53,15376,171],{"class":67},[53,15378,3476],{"class":3413},[53,15380,8860],{"class":67},[20,15382,15383],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1418,15385,15387,15388],{"id":15386},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15389,8670],{},[20,15391,15392],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[173,15394,15395,15398],{},[176,15396,15397],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[176,15399,15400],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15402,6239],{},[44,15404,15406],{"className":46,"code":15405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15407,15408,15438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15409,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15411,11038],{"class":59},[53,15413,64],{"class":63},[53,15415,8721],{"class":1320},[53,15417,121],{"class":67},[53,15419,7220],{"class":8726},[53,15421,64],{"class":63},[53,15423,72],{"class":71},[53,15425,7229],{"class":75},[53,15427,72],{"class":71},[53,15429,81],{"class":67},[53,15431,8739],{"class":8726},[53,15433,64],{"class":63},[53,15435,8744],{"class":333},[53,15437,130],{"class":67},[53,15439,15440,15442,15444,15446],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15441,137],{"class":136},[53,15443,121],{"class":67},[53,15445,11132],{"class":117},[53,15447,130],{"class":67},[20,15449,4185,15450,15452],{},[30,15451,1112],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[44,15454,15456],{"className":46,"code":15455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15457,15458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15459,15460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15461,15455],{"class":148},[20,15463,15464],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15466,15467],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[44,15469,15471],{"className":46,"code":15470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15472,15473,15481,15497,15501,15505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15474,15475,15477,15479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15476,11038],{"class":59},[53,15478,64],{"class":63},[53,15480,11043],{"class":67},[53,15482,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15484,11048],{"class":71},[53,15486,10046],{"class":75},[53,15488,72],{"class":71},[53,15490,171],{"class":67},[53,15492,84],{"class":71},[53,15494,7229],{"class":75},[53,15496,1032],{"class":71},[53,15498,15499],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15500,8860],{"class":67},[53,15502,15503],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15504,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15506,15507,15509,15511,15513],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15508,137],{"class":136},[53,15510,121],{"class":67},[53,15512,11132],{"class":117},[53,15514,130],{"class":67},[39,15516,8996],{"id":8995},[20,15518,15519,15521],{},[15,15520,8670],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15523,15524],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[44,15526,15528],{"className":46,"code":15527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15529,15530,15587,15591,15605,15609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15531,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15583,15585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15533,8766],{"class":59},[53,15535,64],{"class":63},[53,15537,8771],{"class":67},[53,15539,72],{"class":71},[53,15541,7220],{"class":75},[53,15543,72],{"class":71},[53,15545,81],{"class":67},[53,15547,84],{"class":71},[53,15549,12432],{"class":75},[53,15551,72],{"class":71},[53,15553,8784],{"class":67},[53,15555,8787],{"class":67},[53,15557,72],{"class":71},[53,15559,8850],{"class":75},[53,15561,72],{"class":71},[53,15563,81],{"class":67},[53,15565,339],{"class":333},[53,15567,8784],{"class":67},[53,15569,8787],{"class":67},[53,15571,72],{"class":71},[53,15573,9959],{"class":75},[53,15575,72],{"class":71},[53,15577,81],{"class":67},[53,15579,84],{"class":71},[53,15581,15582],{"class":75},"Lima",[53,15584,72],{"class":71},[53,15586,8800],{"class":67},[53,15588,15589],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15590,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15592,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15594,12415],{"class":59},[53,15596,64],{"class":63},[53,15598,8721],{"class":1320},[53,15600,121],{"class":67},[53,15602,8813],{"class":117},[53,15604,130],{"class":67},[53,15606,15607],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15608,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15610,15611,15613,15615,15617],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15612,137],{"class":136},[53,15614,121],{"class":67},[53,15616,13176],{"class":117},[53,15618,130],{"class":67},[20,15620,15621],{},[30,15622,388],{},[44,15624,15626],{"className":46,"code":15625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15627,15628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15629,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15631,8829],{"class":67},[53,15633,2862],{"class":71},[53,15635,7220],{"class":75},[53,15637,2862],{"class":71},[53,15639,171],{"class":67},[53,15641,2857],{"class":71},[53,15643,12432],{"class":75},[53,15645,2862],{"class":71},[53,15647,81],{"class":67},[53,15649,2857],{"class":71},[53,15651,8850],{"class":75},[53,15653,2862],{"class":71},[53,15655,171],{"class":67},[53,15657,339],{"class":333},[53,15659,81],{"class":67},[53,15661,2857],{"class":71},[53,15663,9959],{"class":75},[53,15665,2862],{"class":71},[53,15667,171],{"class":67},[53,15669,2857],{"class":71},[53,15671,15582],{"class":75},[53,15673,2862],{"class":71},[53,15675,8860],{"class":67},[20,15677,15678],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[44,15680,15682],{"className":46,"code":15681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15683,15684,15725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15685,15686,15688,15690,15692,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15687,12415],{"class":59},[53,15689,64],{"class":63},[53,15691,8721],{"class":1320},[53,15693,15694],{"class":67},"(((",[53,15696,72],{"class":71},[53,15698,7220],{"class":75},[53,15700,72],{"class":71},[53,15702,81],{"class":67},[53,15704,84],{"class":71},[53,15706,12432],{"class":75},[53,15708,72],{"class":71},[53,15710,8784],{"class":67},[53,15712,8787],{"class":67},[53,15714,72],{"class":71},[53,15716,8850],{"class":75},[53,15718,72],{"class":71},[53,15720,81],{"class":67},[53,15722,339],{"class":333},[53,15724,2472],{"class":67},[53,15726,15727,15729,15731,15733],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15728,137],{"class":136},[53,15730,121],{"class":67},[53,15732,13176],{"class":117},[53,15734,130],{"class":67},[20,15736,15737],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[39,15739,15741],{"id":15740},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15743,15744],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[173,15746,15747,15750,15753,15756],{},[176,15748,15749],{},"Keys must be unique",[176,15751,15752],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[176,15754,15755],{},"Values can repeat",[176,15757,15758],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1418,15760,15762],{"id":15761},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[44,15764,15766],{"className":46,"code":15765,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15767,15768,15776,15794,15811,15815,15819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15769,15770,15772,15774],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15771,8716],{"class":59},[53,15773,64],{"class":63},[53,15775,11043],{"class":67},[53,15777,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15779,11048],{"class":71},[53,15781,7220],{"class":75},[53,15783,72],{"class":71},[53,15785,171],{"class":67},[53,15787,84],{"class":71},[53,15789,12432],{"class":75},[53,15791,72],{"class":71},[53,15793,11064],{"class":67},[53,15795,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804,15806,15809],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15797,11048],{"class":71},[53,15799,7220],{"class":75},[53,15801,72],{"class":71},[53,15803,171],{"class":67},[53,15805,84],{"class":71},[53,15807,15808],{"class":75},"Maria",[53,15810,1032],{"class":71},[53,15812,15813],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15814,8860],{"class":67},[53,15816,15817],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15818,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15820,15821,15823,15825,15827],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,15822,137],{"class":136},[53,15824,121],{"class":67},[53,15826,8755],{"class":117},[53,15828,130],{"class":67},[20,15830,15831],{},[30,15832,388],{},[44,15834,15836],{"className":46,"code":15835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15837,15838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15839,15840,15842,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15841,8829],{"class":67},[53,15843,2862],{"class":71},[53,15845,7220],{"class":75},[53,15847,2862],{"class":71},[53,15849,171],{"class":67},[53,15851,2857],{"class":71},[53,15853,15808],{"class":75},[53,15855,2862],{"class":71},[53,15857,8860],{"class":67},[20,15859,15860],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1418,15862,15864],{"id":15863},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[44,15866,15868],{"className":46,"code":15867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15869,15870,15878,15894,15910,15924,15928,15932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15871,15872,15874,15876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15873,4618],{"class":59},[53,15875,64],{"class":63},[53,15877,11043],{"class":67},[53,15879,15880,15883,15885,15887,15890,15892],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15881,15882],{"class":333},"    1",[53,15884,171],{"class":67},[53,15886,84],{"class":71},[53,15888,15889],{"class":75},"low",[53,15891,72],{"class":71},[53,15893,11064],{"class":67},[53,15895,15896,15899,15901,15903,15906,15908],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15897,15898],{"class":333},"    2",[53,15900,171],{"class":67},[53,15902,84],{"class":71},[53,15904,15905],{"class":75},"medium",[53,15907,72],{"class":71},[53,15909,11064],{"class":67},[53,15911,15912,15915,15917,15919,15922],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,15913,15914],{"class":333},"    3",[53,15916,171],{"class":67},[53,15918,84],{"class":71},[53,15920,15921],{"class":75},"high",[53,15923,1032],{"class":71},[53,15925,15926],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,15927,8860],{"class":67},[53,15929,15930],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,15931,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,15933,15934,15936,15938,15941],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,15935,137],{"class":136},[53,15937,121],{"class":67},[53,15939,15940],{"class":117},"scores",[53,15942,130],{"class":67},[1418,15944,15946],{"id":15945},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15948,15949],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15951,15952],{},"This will cause an error:",[44,15954,15956],{"className":46,"code":15955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15957,15958,15963,15968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15959,15960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15961,15962],{"class":148},"# bad = {\n",[53,15964,15965],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15966,15967],{"class":148},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[53,15969,15970],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,15971,15972],{"class":148},"# }\n",[20,15974,15975],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[44,15977,15979],{"className":46,"code":15978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15980,15981,15990,16010,16014,16018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15982,15983,15986,15988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15984,15985],{"class":59},"good ",[53,15987,64],{"class":63},[53,15989,11043],{"class":67},[53,15991,15992,15995,15997,15999,16001,16004,16006,16008],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15993,15994],{"class":67},"    (",[53,15996,517],{"class":333},[53,15998,81],{"class":67},[53,16000,790],{"class":333},[53,16002,16003],{"class":67},"):",[53,16005,84],{"class":71},[53,16007,3209],{"class":75},[53,16009,1032],{"class":71},[53,16011,16012],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,16013,8860],{"class":67},[53,16015,16016],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,16017,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,16019,16020,16022,16024,16027],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,16021,137],{"class":136},[53,16023,121],{"class":67},[53,16025,16026],{"class":117},"good",[53,16028,130],{"class":67},[39,16030,16032],{"id":16031},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16034,16035],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16037,16038],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[173,16040,16041,16044,16046,16049],{},[176,16042,16043],{},"user data",[176,16045,13435],{},[176,16047,16048],{},"counters",[176,16050,16051],{},"lookups",[20,16053,316],{},[44,16055,16057],{"className":46,"code":16056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16058,16059,16067,16086,16105,16117,16121,16125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16060,16061,16063,16065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16062,11038],{"class":59},[53,16064,64],{"class":63},[53,16066,11043],{"class":67},[53,16068,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16082,16084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16070,11048],{"class":71},[53,16072,7535],{"class":75},[53,16074,72],{"class":71},[53,16076,171],{"class":67},[53,16078,84],{"class":71},[53,16080,16081],{"class":75},"ana123",[53,16083,72],{"class":71},[53,16085,11064],{"class":67},[53,16087,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16101,16103],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,16089,11048],{"class":71},[53,16091,14810],{"class":75},[53,16093,72],{"class":71},[53,16095,171],{"class":67},[53,16097,84],{"class":71},[53,16099,16100],{"class":75},"ana@example.com",[53,16102,72],{"class":71},[53,16104,11064],{"class":67},[53,16106,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,16108,11048],{"class":71},[53,16110,12066],{"class":75},[53,16112,72],{"class":71},[53,16114,171],{"class":67},[53,16116,5974],{"class":3413},[53,16118,16119],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,16120,8860],{"class":67},[53,16122,16123],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,16124,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,16126,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,16128,137],{"class":136},[53,16130,121],{"class":67},[53,16132,11132],{"class":117},[53,16134,1226],{"class":67},[53,16136,72],{"class":71},[53,16138,14810],{"class":75},[53,16140,72],{"class":71},[53,16142,3449],{"class":67},[20,16144,16145,16146,37],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[195,16147,16149],{"href":16148},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16151,16152],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[173,16154,16155,16158,16161],{},[176,16156,16157],{},"labels are not needed",[176,16159,16160],{},"you mostly care about position",[176,16162,16163],{},"order matters more than named fields",[39,16165,2389],{"id":2388},[20,16167,16168],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[173,16170,16171,16174,16177,16180,16183],{},[176,16172,16173],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[176,16175,16176],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[176,16178,16179],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[176,16181,16182],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[176,16184,16185,16186,16188],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16187,3352],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1418,16190,16192],{"id":16191},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16194,1209],{},[44,16196,16198],{"className":46,"code":16197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16199,16200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16201,16202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16203,16197],{"class":148},[20,16205,1183],{},[44,16207,16209],{"className":46,"code":16208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16210,16211,16235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16212,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16214,12415],{"class":59},[53,16216,64],{"class":63},[53,16218,10041],{"class":67},[53,16220,72],{"class":71},[53,16222,7220],{"class":75},[53,16224,72],{"class":71},[53,16226,171],{"class":67},[53,16228,84],{"class":71},[53,16230,12432],{"class":75},[53,16232,72],{"class":71},[53,16234,8860],{"class":67},[53,16236,16237,16239,16241,16243],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16238,137],{"class":136},[53,16240,121],{"class":67},[53,16242,13176],{"class":117},[53,16244,130],{"class":67},[1418,16246,16248],{"id":16247},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16250,1209],{},[44,16252,16254],{"className":46,"code":16253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16255,16256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16257,16258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16259,16253],{"class":148},[20,16261,16262,16263,16265,16266,16268],{},"This only works if ",[15,16264,7220],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16267,14791],{},", use quotes.",[20,16270,1183],{},[44,16272,16273],{"className":46,"code":16208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,16274,16275,16299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16276,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16278,12415],{"class":59},[53,16280,64],{"class":63},[53,16282,10041],{"class":67},[53,16284,72],{"class":71},[53,16286,7220],{"class":75},[53,16288,72],{"class":71},[53,16290,171],{"class":67},[53,16292,84],{"class":71},[53,16294,12432],{"class":75},[53,16296,72],{"class":71},[53,16298,8860],{"class":67},[53,16300,16301,16303,16305,16307],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16302,137],{"class":136},[53,16304,121],{"class":67},[53,16306,13176],{"class":117},[53,16308,130],{"class":67},[1418,16310,16312],{"id":16311},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[44,16314,16316],{"className":46,"code":16315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16317,16318,16350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16319,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16321,8716],{"class":59},[53,16323,64],{"class":63},[53,16325,10041],{"class":67},[53,16327,72],{"class":71},[53,16329,8850],{"class":75},[53,16331,72],{"class":71},[53,16333,171],{"class":67},[53,16335,339],{"class":333},[53,16337,81],{"class":67},[53,16339,84],{"class":71},[53,16341,8850],{"class":75},[53,16343,72],{"class":71},[53,16345,171],{"class":67},[53,16347,344],{"class":333},[53,16349,8860],{"class":67},[53,16351,16352,16354,16356,16358],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16353,137],{"class":136},[53,16355,121],{"class":67},[53,16357,8755],{"class":117},[53,16359,130],{"class":67},[20,16361,16362],{},[30,16363,388],{},[44,16365,16367],{"className":46,"code":16366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16368,16369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16370,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16372,8829],{"class":67},[53,16374,2862],{"class":71},[53,16376,8850],{"class":75},[53,16378,2862],{"class":71},[53,16380,171],{"class":67},[53,16382,344],{"class":333},[53,16384,8860],{"class":67},[39,16386,16388],{"id":16387},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16390,16391],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[44,16393,16395],{"className":46,"code":16394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16396,16397,16433,16437,16447,16461,16476,16490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16400,11275],{"class":59},[53,16402,64],{"class":63},[53,16404,10041],{"class":67},[53,16406,72],{"class":71},[53,16408,7220],{"class":75},[53,16410,72],{"class":71},[53,16412,171],{"class":67},[53,16414,84],{"class":71},[53,16416,12432],{"class":75},[53,16418,72],{"class":71},[53,16420,81],{"class":67},[53,16422,84],{"class":71},[53,16424,8850],{"class":75},[53,16426,72],{"class":71},[53,16428,171],{"class":67},[53,16430,339],{"class":333},[53,16432,8860],{"class":67},[53,16434,16435],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16436,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,16438,16439,16441,16443,16445],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,16440,137],{"class":136},[53,16442,121],{"class":67},[53,16444,10999],{"class":117},[53,16446,130],{"class":67},[53,16448,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,16450,137],{"class":136},[53,16452,121],{"class":67},[53,16454,1321],{"class":1320},[53,16456,121],{"class":67},[53,16458,10999],{"class":117},[53,16460,628],{"class":67},[53,16462,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16474],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,16464,137],{"class":136},[53,16466,121],{"class":67},[53,16468,10999],{"class":117},[53,16470,37],{"class":67},[53,16472,16473],{"class":117},"keys",[53,16475,6745],{"class":67},[53,16477,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,16479,137],{"class":136},[53,16481,121],{"class":67},[53,16483,10999],{"class":117},[53,16485,37],{"class":67},[53,16487,4911],{"class":117},[53,16489,6745],{"class":67},[53,16491,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500,16502],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,16493,137],{"class":136},[53,16495,121],{"class":67},[53,16497,10711],{"class":136},[53,16499,121],{"class":67},[53,16501,10999],{"class":117},[53,16503,628],{"class":67},[20,16505,16506],{},[30,16507,16508],{},"Example output:",[44,16510,16512],{"className":46,"code":16511,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16513,16514,16546,16560,16583,16602],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16515,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16517,8829],{"class":67},[53,16519,2862],{"class":71},[53,16521,7220],{"class":75},[53,16523,2862],{"class":71},[53,16525,171],{"class":67},[53,16527,2857],{"class":71},[53,16529,12432],{"class":75},[53,16531,2862],{"class":71},[53,16533,81],{"class":67},[53,16535,2857],{"class":71},[53,16537,8850],{"class":75},[53,16539,2862],{"class":71},[53,16541,171],{"class":67},[53,16543,339],{"class":333},[53,16545,8860],{"class":67},[53,16547,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556,16558],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16549,2851],{"class":63},[53,16551,2854],{"class":1627},[53,16553,2857],{"class":71},[53,16555,8371],{"class":75},[53,16557,2862],{"class":71},[53,16559,2865],{"class":63},[53,16561,16562,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,16563,16564],{"class":117},"dict_keys",[53,16566,2546],{"class":67},[53,16568,2862],{"class":71},[53,16570,7220],{"class":75},[53,16572,2862],{"class":71},[53,16574,81],{"class":67},[53,16576,2857],{"class":71},[53,16578,8850],{"class":75},[53,16580,2862],{"class":71},[53,16582,3449],{"class":67},[53,16584,16585,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,16586,16587],{"class":117},"dict_values",[53,16589,2546],{"class":67},[53,16591,2862],{"class":71},[53,16593,12432],{"class":75},[53,16595,2862],{"class":71},[53,16597,81],{"class":67},[53,16599,339],{"class":333},[53,16601,3449],{"class":67},[53,16603,16604],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,16605,490],{"class":333},[20,16607,16608,16609,891,16615,894,16621,37],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[195,16610,10287,16612],{"href":16611},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16613,16614],{},"keys()",[195,16616,10287,16618],{"href":16617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16619,16620],{},"values()",[195,16622,10287,16624],{"href":16623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16625,16626],{},"items()",[39,16628,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,16630,16632],{"id":16631},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16634,152,16635,2438,16637,16639],{},[15,16636,3352],{},[15,16638,8670],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1418,16641,16643],{"id":16642},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16645,16646,16647,37],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16648,16649],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1418,16651,16653],{"id":16652},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16655,16656],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1418,16658,16660],{"id":16659},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16662,16663],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1418,16665,4731,16667,667,16669,1459],{"id":16666},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16668,3352],{},[15,16670,8670],{},[20,16672,16673,16675,16676,16678],{},[15,16674,3352],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16677,8670],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[39,16680,1471],{"id":1470},[173,16682,16683,16687,16693,16697,16703],{},[176,16684,16685],{},[195,16686,8706],{"href":8705},[176,16688,16689],{},[195,16690,10287,16691,660],{"href":10286},[15,16692,10290],{},[176,16694,16695],{},[195,16696,10801],{"href":10281},[176,16698,16699],{},[195,16700,16702],{"href":16701},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[176,16704,16705],{},[195,16706,10812],{"href":10624},[20,16708,16709],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1494,16711,16712],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":16714},[16715,16716,16717,16718,16721,16724,16729,16730,16735,16736,16741,16742,16750],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":14731,"depth":104,"text":14719},{"id":14816,"depth":104,"text":14817,"children":16719},[16720],{"id":14968,"depth":133,"text":14969},{"id":8953,"depth":104,"text":8954,"children":16722},[16723],{"id":15147,"depth":133,"text":15148},{"id":15260,"depth":104,"text":16725,"children":16726},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16727],{"id":15386,"depth":133,"text":16728},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8995,"depth":104,"text":8996},{"id":15740,"depth":104,"text":15741,"children":16731},[16732,16733,16734],{"id":15761,"depth":133,"text":15762},{"id":15863,"depth":133,"text":15864},{"id":15945,"depth":133,"text":15946},{"id":16031,"depth":104,"text":16032},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":16737},[16738,16739,16740],{"id":16191,"depth":133,"text":16192},{"id":16247,"depth":133,"text":16248},{"id":16311,"depth":133,"text":16312},{"id":16387,"depth":104,"text":16388},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":16743},[16744,16745,16746,16747,16748],{"id":16631,"depth":133,"text":16632},{"id":16642,"depth":133,"text":16643},{"id":16652,"depth":133,"text":16653},{"id":16659,"depth":133,"text":16660},{"id":16666,"depth":133,"text":16749},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14556,"description":16751},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16757,"title":16758,"body":16759,"description":19207,"extension":1524,"meta":19208,"navigation":372,"path":19209,"seo":19210,"stem":19211,"__hash__":19212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16760,"toc":19163},[16761,16767,16773,16776,16779,16781,16863,16869,16874,16878,16896,16908,16913,16917,16940,16944,16956,16964,16968,16974,16976,16979,17052,17054,17099,17101,17118,17123,17129,17134,17208,17210,17255,17258,17269,17271,17390,17392,17445,17452,17456,17459,17476,17482,17486,17584,17586,17638,17645,17649,17655,17658,17661,17688,17693,17697,17700,17804,17806,17851,17854,17857,17862,17867,17878,17880,17941,18001,18007,18015,18021,18026,18031,18091,18095,18162,18165,18169,18240,18243,18256,18263,18265,18269,18273,18343,18345,18382,18385,18388,18451,18458,18461,18503,18513,18516,18585,18591,18596,18680,18682,18731,18738,18744,18789,18791,18824,18829,18833,18839,18878,18922,18990,19033,19035,19041,19044,19048,19053,19057,19060,19064,19066,19127,19129,19155,19160],[10,16762,10868,16764,18],{"id":16763},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16765,16766],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16768,16769,16772],{},[15,16770,16771],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16774,16775],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16777,16778],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[39,16780,1566],{"id":1565},[44,16782,16784],{"className":46,"code":16783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16785,16786,16819,16847,16858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16787,16788,16791,16793,16795,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16789,16790],{"class":59},"keys ",[53,16792,64],{"class":63},[53,16794,68],{"class":67},[53,16796,72],{"class":71},[53,16798,7220],{"class":75},[53,16800,72],{"class":71},[53,16802,81],{"class":67},[53,16804,84],{"class":71},[53,16806,8850],{"class":75},[53,16808,72],{"class":71},[53,16810,81],{"class":67},[53,16812,84],{"class":71},[53,16814,9959],{"class":75},[53,16816,72],{"class":71},[53,16818,101],{"class":67},[53,16820,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840,16843,16845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16822,12754],{"class":59},[53,16824,64],{"class":63},[53,16826,8721],{"class":1320},[53,16828,37],{"class":67},[53,16830,16831],{"class":117},"fromkeys",[53,16833,121],{"class":67},[53,16835,16473],{"class":117},[53,16837,81],{"class":67},[53,16839,84],{"class":71},[53,16841,16842],{"class":75},"unknown",[53,16844,72],{"class":71},[53,16846,130],{"class":67},[53,16848,16849,16851,16853,16856],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,16850,137],{"class":136},[53,16852,121],{"class":67},[53,16854,16855],{"class":117},"person",[53,16857,130],{"class":67},[53,16859,16860],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,16861,16862],{"class":148},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16864,152,16865,16868],{},[15,16866,16867],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[39,16870,163,16872,166],{"id":16871},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16873,16771],{},[20,16875,16876,171],{},[15,16877,16771],{},[173,16879,16880,16883,16886,16889],{},[176,16881,16882],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[176,16884,16885],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[176,16887,16888],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[176,16890,16891,16892,16895],{},"Is called as ",[15,16893,16894],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16897,16898,16899,16901,16902,16904,16905,37],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16900,8371],{},", so you write ",[15,16903,16894],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16906,16907],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16909,16910,16911,37],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[195,16912,8706],{"href":12575},[39,16914,16916],{"id":16915},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[44,16918,16920],{"className":46,"code":16919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16921,16922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16923,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16925,8371],{"class":1320},[53,16927,37],{"class":67},[53,16929,16831],{"class":117},[53,16931,121],{"class":67},[53,16933,3280],{"class":117},[53,16935,81],{"class":67},[53,16937,7981],{"class":117},[53,16939,130],{"class":67},[1418,16941,16943],{"id":16942},"parameters","Parameters",[173,16945,16946,16951],{},[176,16947,16948,16950],{},[15,16949,3280],{},": the keys to use",[176,16952,16953,16955],{},[15,16954,224],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16957,16958,16959,16961,16962,37],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16960,224],{},", each key gets ",[15,16963,3338],{},[1418,16965,16967],{"id":16966},"return-value","Return value",[20,16969,16970,16971,37],{},"It returns a ",[30,16972,16973],{},"new dictionary",[39,16975,5339],{"id":5338},[20,16977,16978],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[44,16980,16982],{"className":46,"code":16981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16983,16984,17016,17038,17042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16985,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16987,16790],{"class":59},[53,16989,64],{"class":63},[53,16991,68],{"class":67},[53,16993,72],{"class":71},[53,16995,570],{"class":75},[53,16997,72],{"class":71},[53,16999,81],{"class":67},[53,17001,84],{"class":71},[53,17003,596],{"class":75},[53,17005,72],{"class":71},[53,17007,81],{"class":67},[53,17009,84],{"class":71},[53,17011,579],{"class":75},[53,17013,72],{"class":71},[53,17015,101],{"class":67},[53,17017,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17019,561],{"class":59},[53,17021,64],{"class":63},[53,17023,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17025,37],{"class":67},[53,17027,16831],{"class":117},[53,17029,121],{"class":67},[53,17031,16473],{"class":117},[53,17033,81],{"class":67},[53,17035,3394],{"class":333},[53,17037,130],{"class":67},[53,17039,17040],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,17041,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17043,17044,17046,17048,17050],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,17045,137],{"class":136},[53,17047,121],{"class":67},[53,17049,613],{"class":117},[53,17051,130],{"class":67},[20,17053,388],{},[44,17055,17057],{"className":46,"code":17056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17058,17059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17060,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17062,8829],{"class":67},[53,17064,2862],{"class":71},[53,17066,570],{"class":75},[53,17068,2862],{"class":71},[53,17070,171],{"class":67},[53,17072,3394],{"class":333},[53,17074,81],{"class":67},[53,17076,2857],{"class":71},[53,17078,596],{"class":75},[53,17080,2862],{"class":71},[53,17082,171],{"class":67},[53,17084,3394],{"class":333},[53,17086,81],{"class":67},[53,17088,2857],{"class":71},[53,17090,579],{"class":75},[53,17092,2862],{"class":71},[53,17094,171],{"class":67},[53,17096,3394],{"class":333},[53,17098,8860],{"class":67},[20,17100,11234],{},[173,17102,17103,17108,17113],{},[176,17104,17105,17107],{},[15,17106,16473],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[176,17109,17110,17112],{},[15,17111,187],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[176,17114,17115,17117],{},[15,17116,16771],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17119,17120,17121,37],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[195,17122,8943],{"href":12578},[39,17124,664,17126,17128],{"id":17125},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17127,16766],{}," without a value",[20,17130,17131,17132,37],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17133,3338],{},[44,17135,17137],{"className":46,"code":17136,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17138,17139,17173,17193,17197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17140,17141,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17169,17171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17142,17143],{"class":59},"fields ",[53,17145,64],{"class":63},[53,17147,68],{"class":67},[53,17149,72],{"class":71},[53,17151,7535],{"class":75},[53,17153,72],{"class":71},[53,17155,81],{"class":67},[53,17157,84],{"class":71},[53,17159,14810],{"class":75},[53,17161,72],{"class":71},[53,17163,81],{"class":67},[53,17165,84],{"class":71},[53,17167,17168],{"class":75},"password",[53,17170,72],{"class":71},[53,17172,101],{"class":67},[53,17174,17175,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17191],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17176,17177],{"class":59},"user_data ",[53,17179,64],{"class":63},[53,17181,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17183,37],{"class":67},[53,17185,16831],{"class":117},[53,17187,121],{"class":67},[53,17189,17190],{"class":117},"fields",[53,17192,130],{"class":67},[53,17194,17195],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,17196,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17198,17199,17201,17203,17206],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,17200,137],{"class":136},[53,17202,121],{"class":67},[53,17204,17205],{"class":117},"user_data",[53,17207,130],{"class":67},[20,17209,388],{},[44,17211,17213],{"className":46,"code":17212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17214,17215],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17216,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17218,8829],{"class":67},[53,17220,2862],{"class":71},[53,17222,7535],{"class":75},[53,17224,2862],{"class":71},[53,17226,171],{"class":67},[53,17228,3414],{"class":3413},[53,17230,81],{"class":67},[53,17232,2857],{"class":71},[53,17234,14810],{"class":75},[53,17236,2862],{"class":71},[53,17238,171],{"class":67},[53,17240,3414],{"class":3413},[53,17242,81],{"class":67},[53,17244,2857],{"class":71},[53,17246,17168],{"class":75},[53,17248,2862],{"class":71},[53,17250,171],{"class":67},[53,17252,3414],{"class":3413},[53,17254,8860],{"class":67},[20,17256,17257],{},"This is useful when:",[173,17259,17260,17263,17266],{},[176,17261,17262],{},"You want to create the keys first",[176,17264,17265],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[176,17267,17268],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17270,316],{},[44,17272,17274],{"className":46,"code":17273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17275,17276,17308,17326,17330,17353,17376,17380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17277,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17279,17143],{"class":59},[53,17281,64],{"class":63},[53,17283,68],{"class":67},[53,17285,72],{"class":71},[53,17287,7535],{"class":75},[53,17289,72],{"class":71},[53,17291,81],{"class":67},[53,17293,84],{"class":71},[53,17295,14810],{"class":75},[53,17297,72],{"class":71},[53,17299,81],{"class":67},[53,17301,84],{"class":71},[53,17303,17168],{"class":75},[53,17305,72],{"class":71},[53,17307,101],{"class":67},[53,17309,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17311,17177],{"class":59},[53,17313,64],{"class":63},[53,17315,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17317,37],{"class":67},[53,17319,16831],{"class":117},[53,17321,121],{"class":67},[53,17323,17190],{"class":117},[53,17325,130],{"class":67},[53,17327,17328],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,17329,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17331,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17351],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,17333,17205],{"class":59},[53,17335,1226],{"class":67},[53,17337,72],{"class":71},[53,17339,7535],{"class":75},[53,17341,72],{"class":71},[53,17343,12823],{"class":67},[53,17345,12826],{"class":63},[53,17347,84],{"class":71},[53,17349,17350],{"class":75},"alice",[53,17352,1032],{"class":71},[53,17354,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17374],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,17356,17205],{"class":59},[53,17358,1226],{"class":67},[53,17360,72],{"class":71},[53,17362,14810],{"class":75},[53,17364,72],{"class":71},[53,17366,12823],{"class":67},[53,17368,12826],{"class":63},[53,17370,84],{"class":71},[53,17372,17373],{"class":75},"alice@example.com",[53,17375,1032],{"class":71},[53,17377,17378],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,17379,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,17383,137],{"class":136},[53,17385,121],{"class":67},[53,17387,17205],{"class":117},[53,17389,130],{"class":67},[20,17391,388],{},[44,17393,17395],{"className":46,"code":17394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17396,17397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17398,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17400,8829],{"class":67},[53,17402,2862],{"class":71},[53,17404,7535],{"class":75},[53,17406,2862],{"class":71},[53,17408,171],{"class":67},[53,17410,2857],{"class":71},[53,17412,17350],{"class":75},[53,17414,2862],{"class":71},[53,17416,81],{"class":67},[53,17418,2857],{"class":71},[53,17420,14810],{"class":75},[53,17422,2862],{"class":71},[53,17424,171],{"class":67},[53,17426,2857],{"class":71},[53,17428,17373],{"class":75},[53,17430,2862],{"class":71},[53,17432,81],{"class":67},[53,17434,2857],{"class":71},[53,17436,17168],{"class":75},[53,17438,2862],{"class":71},[53,17440,171],{"class":67},[53,17442,3414],{"class":3413},[53,17444,8860],{"class":67},[20,17446,17447,17448,37],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[195,17449,17451],{"href":17450},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[39,17453,17455],{"id":17454},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17457,17458],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[173,17460,17461,17466,17471],{},[176,17462,17463,17465],{},[15,17464,3347],{}," (list)",[176,17467,17468,17470],{},[15,17469,3352],{}," (dictionary)",[176,17472,17473,17475],{},[15,17474,3357],{}," (set)",[20,17477,17478,17479,37],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17480,17481],{},"same object",[1418,17483,17485],{"id":17484},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[44,17487,17489],{"className":46,"code":17488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17490,17491,17523,17544,17548,17570,17574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17492,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17494,16790],{"class":59},[53,17496,64],{"class":63},[53,17498,68],{"class":67},[53,17500,72],{"class":71},[53,17502,195],{"class":75},[53,17504,72],{"class":71},[53,17506,81],{"class":67},[53,17508,84],{"class":71},[53,17510,704],{"class":75},[53,17512,72],{"class":71},[53,17514,81],{"class":67},[53,17516,84],{"class":71},[53,17518,713],{"class":75},[53,17520,72],{"class":71},[53,17522,101],{"class":67},[53,17524,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17526,8716],{"class":59},[53,17528,64],{"class":63},[53,17530,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17532,37],{"class":67},[53,17534,16831],{"class":117},[53,17536,121],{"class":67},[53,17538,16473],{"class":117},[53,17540,81],{"class":67},[53,17542,17543],{"class":67}," [])\n",[53,17545,17546],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,17547,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,17551,8755],{"class":59},[53,17553,1226],{"class":67},[53,17555,72],{"class":71},[53,17557,195],{"class":75},[53,17559,72],{"class":71},[53,17561,13100],{"class":67},[53,17563,13103],{"class":117},[53,17565,121],{"class":67},[53,17567,517],{"class":333},[53,17569,130],{"class":67},[53,17571,17572],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,17573,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17575,17576,17578,17580,17582],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,17577,137],{"class":136},[53,17579,121],{"class":67},[53,17581,8755],{"class":117},[53,17583,130],{"class":67},[20,17585,388],{},[44,17587,17589],{"className":46,"code":17588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17590,17591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17592,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17594,8829],{"class":67},[53,17596,2862],{"class":71},[53,17598,195],{"class":75},[53,17600,2862],{"class":71},[53,17602,171],{"class":67},[53,17604,68],{"class":67},[53,17606,517],{"class":333},[53,17608,17609],{"class":67},"],",[53,17611,2857],{"class":71},[53,17613,704],{"class":75},[53,17615,2862],{"class":71},[53,17617,171],{"class":67},[53,17619,68],{"class":67},[53,17621,517],{"class":333},[53,17623,17609],{"class":67},[53,17625,2857],{"class":71},[53,17627,713],{"class":75},[53,17629,2862],{"class":71},[53,17631,171],{"class":67},[53,17633,68],{"class":67},[53,17635,517],{"class":333},[53,17637,13256],{"class":67},[20,17639,17640,17641,17644],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17642,17643],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1418,17646,17648],{"id":17647},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17650,17651,17654],{},[15,17652,17653],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17656,17657],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17659,17660],{},"So this:",[44,17662,17664],{"className":46,"code":17663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17665,17666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17667,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17669,8755],{"class":59},[53,17671,1226],{"class":67},[53,17673,72],{"class":71},[53,17675,195],{"class":75},[53,17677,72],{"class":71},[53,17679,13100],{"class":67},[53,17681,13103],{"class":117},[53,17683,121],{"class":67},[53,17685,517],{"class":333},[53,17687,130],{"class":67},[20,17689,17690,17691,37],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17692,17643],{},[1418,17694,17696],{"id":17695},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17698,17699],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[44,17701,17703],{"className":46,"code":17702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17704,17705,17737,17764,17768,17790,17794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17706,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17708,16790],{"class":59},[53,17710,64],{"class":63},[53,17712,68],{"class":67},[53,17714,72],{"class":71},[53,17716,195],{"class":75},[53,17718,72],{"class":71},[53,17720,81],{"class":67},[53,17722,84],{"class":71},[53,17724,704],{"class":75},[53,17726,72],{"class":71},[53,17728,81],{"class":67},[53,17730,84],{"class":71},[53,17732,713],{"class":75},[53,17734,72],{"class":71},[53,17736,101],{"class":67},[53,17738,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17752,17754,17757,17759,17762],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17740,8716],{"class":59},[53,17742,64],{"class":63},[53,17744,10041],{"class":67},[53,17746,14392],{"class":59},[53,17748,171],{"class":67},[53,17750,17751],{"class":67}," []",[53,17753,3438],{"class":1041},[53,17755,17756],{"class":59}," key ",[53,17758,1048],{"class":1041},[53,17760,17761],{"class":59}," keys",[53,17763,8860],{"class":67},[53,17765,17766],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,17767,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17769,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,17771,8755],{"class":59},[53,17773,1226],{"class":67},[53,17775,72],{"class":71},[53,17777,195],{"class":75},[53,17779,72],{"class":71},[53,17781,13100],{"class":67},[53,17783,13103],{"class":117},[53,17785,121],{"class":67},[53,17787,517],{"class":333},[53,17789,130],{"class":67},[53,17791,17792],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,17793,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,17795,17796,17798,17800,17802],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,17797,137],{"class":136},[53,17799,121],{"class":67},[53,17801,8755],{"class":117},[53,17803,130],{"class":67},[20,17805,388],{},[44,17807,17809],{"className":46,"code":17808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17810,17811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17812,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17814,8829],{"class":67},[53,17816,2862],{"class":71},[53,17818,195],{"class":75},[53,17820,2862],{"class":71},[53,17822,171],{"class":67},[53,17824,68],{"class":67},[53,17826,517],{"class":333},[53,17828,17609],{"class":67},[53,17830,2857],{"class":71},[53,17832,704],{"class":75},[53,17834,2862],{"class":71},[53,17836,171],{"class":67},[53,17838,17839],{"class":67}," [],",[53,17841,2857],{"class":71},[53,17843,713],{"class":75},[53,17845,2862],{"class":71},[53,17847,171],{"class":67},[53,17849,17850],{"class":67}," []}\n",[20,17852,17853],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17855,17856],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[39,17858,1391,17860],{"id":17859},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17861,16766],{},[20,17863,17864,17866],{},[15,17865,16771],{}," is a good choice when:",[173,17868,17869,17872,17875],{},[176,17870,17871],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[176,17873,17874],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[176,17876,17877],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17879,1687],{},[44,17881,17883],{"className":46,"code":17882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17884,17885,17930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17886,17887,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17922,17924,17926,17928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17888,17889],{"class":59},"flags ",[53,17891,64],{"class":63},[53,17893,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17895,37],{"class":67},[53,17897,16831],{"class":117},[53,17899,2546],{"class":67},[53,17901,72],{"class":71},[53,17903,17904],{"class":75},"is_admin",[53,17906,72],{"class":71},[53,17908,81],{"class":67},[53,17910,84],{"class":71},[53,17912,14630],{"class":75},[53,17914,72],{"class":71},[53,17916,81],{"class":67},[53,17918,84],{"class":71},[53,17920,17921],{"class":75},"is_verified",[53,17923,72],{"class":71},[53,17925,17609],{"class":67},[53,17927,3467],{"class":3413},[53,17929,130],{"class":67},[53,17931,17932,17934,17936,17939],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17933,137],{"class":136},[53,17935,121],{"class":67},[53,17937,17938],{"class":117},"flags",[53,17940,130],{"class":67},[44,17942,17944],{"className":46,"code":17943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17945,17946,17991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17947,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17965,17967,17969,17971,17974,17976,17978,17980,17983,17985,17987,17989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17949,4618],{"class":59},[53,17951,64],{"class":63},[53,17953,8721],{"class":1320},[53,17955,37],{"class":67},[53,17957,16831],{"class":117},[53,17959,2546],{"class":67},[53,17961,72],{"class":71},[53,17963,17964],{"class":75},"math",[53,17966,72],{"class":71},[53,17968,81],{"class":67},[53,17970,84],{"class":71},[53,17972,17973],{"class":75},"science",[53,17975,72],{"class":71},[53,17977,81],{"class":67},[53,17979,84],{"class":71},[53,17981,17982],{"class":75},"history",[53,17984,72],{"class":71},[53,17986,17609],{"class":67},[53,17988,3394],{"class":333},[53,17990,130],{"class":67},[53,17992,17993,17995,17997,17999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17994,137],{"class":136},[53,17996,121],{"class":67},[53,17998,15940],{"class":117},[53,18000,130],{"class":67},[20,18002,18003,18004,18006],{},"It is ",[30,18005,1112],{}," the best choice when:",[173,18008,18009,18012],{},[176,18010,18011],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[176,18013,18014],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[39,18016,18018,18020],{"id":18017},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18019,16766],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18022,18023,18025],{},[15,18024,16766],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1418,18027,664,18029],{"id":18028},"using-fromkeys",[15,18030,16766],{},[44,18032,18034],{"className":46,"code":18033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18035,18036,18081],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18037,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061,18064,18066,18068,18070,18073,18075,18077,18079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18039,13376],{"class":59},[53,18041,64],{"class":63},[53,18043,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18045,37],{"class":67},[53,18047,16831],{"class":117},[53,18049,2546],{"class":67},[53,18051,72],{"class":71},[53,18053,18054],{"class":75},"sound",[53,18056,72],{"class":71},[53,18058,81],{"class":67},[53,18060,84],{"class":71},[53,18062,18063],{"class":75},"music",[53,18065,72],{"class":71},[53,18067,81],{"class":67},[53,18069,84],{"class":71},[53,18071,18072],{"class":75},"notifications",[53,18074,72],{"class":71},[53,18076,17609],{"class":67},[53,18078,3476],{"class":3413},[53,18080,130],{"class":67},[53,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18084,137],{"class":136},[53,18086,121],{"class":67},[53,18088,13435],{"class":117},[53,18090,130],{"class":67},[1418,18092,18094],{"id":18093},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[44,18096,18098],{"className":46,"code":18097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18099,18100,18108,18122,18136,18148,18152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18101,18102,18104,18106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18103,13376],{"class":59},[53,18105,64],{"class":63},[53,18107,11043],{"class":67},[53,18109,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18111,11048],{"class":71},[53,18113,18054],{"class":75},[53,18115,72],{"class":71},[53,18117,171],{"class":67},[53,18119,3476],{"class":3413},[53,18121,11064],{"class":67},[53,18123,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18125,11048],{"class":71},[53,18127,18063],{"class":75},[53,18129,72],{"class":71},[53,18131,171],{"class":67},[53,18133,3467],{"class":3413},[53,18135,11064],{"class":67},[53,18137,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,18139,11048],{"class":71},[53,18141,18072],{"class":75},[53,18143,72],{"class":71},[53,18145,171],{"class":67},[53,18147,5974],{"class":3413},[53,18149,18150],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,18151,8860],{"class":67},[53,18153,18154,18156,18158,18160],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,18155,137],{"class":136},[53,18157,121],{"class":67},[53,18159,13435],{"class":117},[53,18161,130],{"class":67},[20,18163,18164],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1418,18166,18168],{"id":18167},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[44,18170,18172],{"className":46,"code":18171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18173,18174,18206,18230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18175,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18177,16790],{"class":59},[53,18179,64],{"class":63},[53,18181,68],{"class":67},[53,18183,72],{"class":71},[53,18185,195],{"class":75},[53,18187,72],{"class":71},[53,18189,81],{"class":67},[53,18191,84],{"class":71},[53,18193,704],{"class":75},[53,18195,72],{"class":71},[53,18197,81],{"class":67},[53,18199,84],{"class":71},[53,18201,713],{"class":75},[53,18203,72],{"class":71},[53,18205,101],{"class":67},[53,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18209,8716],{"class":59},[53,18211,64],{"class":63},[53,18213,10041],{"class":67},[53,18215,14392],{"class":59},[53,18217,171],{"class":67},[53,18219,17751],{"class":67},[53,18221,3438],{"class":1041},[53,18223,17756],{"class":59},[53,18225,1048],{"class":1041},[53,18227,17761],{"class":59},[53,18229,8860],{"class":67},[53,18231,18232,18234,18236,18238],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18233,137],{"class":136},[53,18235,121],{"class":67},[53,18237,8755],{"class":117},[53,18239,130],{"class":67},[20,18241,18242],{},"Use:",[173,18244,18245,18250,18253],{},[176,18246,18247,18249],{},[15,18248,16766],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[176,18251,18252],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[176,18254,18255],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18257,18258,18259,37],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[195,18260,10287,18261,660],{"href":13583},[15,18262,14505],{},[39,18264,2389],{"id":2388},[20,18266,14284,18267,37],{},[15,18268,16771],{},[1418,18270,18272],{"id":18271},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[44,18274,18276],{"className":46,"code":18275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18277,18278,18311,18333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18279,18280,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18281,18282],{"class":59},"d ",[53,18284,64],{"class":63},[53,18286,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18288,37],{"class":67},[53,18290,16831],{"class":117},[53,18292,2546],{"class":67},[53,18294,72],{"class":71},[53,18296,195],{"class":75},[53,18298,72],{"class":71},[53,18300,81],{"class":67},[53,18302,84],{"class":71},[53,18304,704],{"class":75},[53,18306,72],{"class":71},[53,18308,17609],{"class":67},[53,18310,17543],{"class":67},[53,18312,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18314,730],{"class":59},[53,18316,1226],{"class":67},[53,18318,72],{"class":71},[53,18320,195],{"class":75},[53,18322,72],{"class":71},[53,18324,13100],{"class":67},[53,18326,13103],{"class":117},[53,18328,121],{"class":67},[53,18330,517],{"class":333},[53,18332,130],{"class":67},[53,18334,18335,18337,18339,18341],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18336,137],{"class":136},[53,18338,121],{"class":67},[53,18340,730],{"class":117},[53,18342,130],{"class":67},[20,18344,388],{},[44,18346,18348],{"className":46,"code":18347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18349,18350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18351,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18353,8829],{"class":67},[53,18355,2862],{"class":71},[53,18357,195],{"class":75},[53,18359,2862],{"class":71},[53,18361,171],{"class":67},[53,18363,68],{"class":67},[53,18365,517],{"class":333},[53,18367,17609],{"class":67},[53,18369,2857],{"class":71},[53,18371,704],{"class":75},[53,18373,2862],{"class":71},[53,18375,171],{"class":67},[53,18377,68],{"class":67},[53,18379,517],{"class":333},[53,18381,13256],{"class":67},[20,18383,18384],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18386,18387],{},"Use this instead:",[44,18389,18391],{"className":46,"code":18390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18392,18393,18417,18441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18394,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18396,16790],{"class":59},[53,18398,64],{"class":63},[53,18400,68],{"class":67},[53,18402,72],{"class":71},[53,18404,195],{"class":75},[53,18406,72],{"class":71},[53,18408,81],{"class":67},[53,18410,84],{"class":71},[53,18412,704],{"class":75},[53,18414,72],{"class":71},[53,18416,101],{"class":67},[53,18418,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18420,18282],{"class":59},[53,18422,64],{"class":63},[53,18424,10041],{"class":67},[53,18426,14392],{"class":59},[53,18428,171],{"class":67},[53,18430,17751],{"class":67},[53,18432,3438],{"class":1041},[53,18434,17756],{"class":59},[53,18436,1048],{"class":1041},[53,18438,17761],{"class":59},[53,18440,8860],{"class":67},[53,18442,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18444,137],{"class":136},[53,18446,121],{"class":67},[53,18448,730],{"class":117},[53,18450,130],{"class":67},[1418,18452,18454,18455,18457],{"id":18453},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18456,16766],{}," on a list",[20,18459,18460],{},"Wrong idea:",[44,18462,18464],{"className":46,"code":18463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18465,18466,18498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18467,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18469,16790],{"class":59},[53,18471,64],{"class":63},[53,18473,68],{"class":67},[53,18475,72],{"class":71},[53,18477,195],{"class":75},[53,18479,72],{"class":71},[53,18481,81],{"class":67},[53,18483,84],{"class":71},[53,18485,704],{"class":75},[53,18487,72],{"class":71},[53,18489,81],{"class":67},[53,18491,84],{"class":71},[53,18493,713],{"class":75},[53,18495,72],{"class":71},[53,18497,101],{"class":67},[53,18499,18500],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18501,18502],{"class":148},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18504,18505,18507,18508,18510,18511,37],{},[15,18506,16766],{}," belongs to ",[15,18509,8371],{},", not ",[15,18512,7643],{},[20,18514,18515],{},"Correct usage:",[44,18517,18519],{"className":46,"code":18518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18520,18521,18553,18575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18522,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18524,16790],{"class":59},[53,18526,64],{"class":63},[53,18528,68],{"class":67},[53,18530,72],{"class":71},[53,18532,195],{"class":75},[53,18534,72],{"class":71},[53,18536,81],{"class":67},[53,18538,84],{"class":71},[53,18540,704],{"class":75},[53,18542,72],{"class":71},[53,18544,81],{"class":67},[53,18546,84],{"class":71},[53,18548,713],{"class":75},[53,18550,72],{"class":71},[53,18552,101],{"class":67},[53,18554,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18556,18282],{"class":59},[53,18558,64],{"class":63},[53,18560,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18562,37],{"class":67},[53,18564,16831],{"class":117},[53,18566,121],{"class":67},[53,18568,16473],{"class":117},[53,18570,81],{"class":67},[53,18572,3394],{"class":333},[53,18574,130],{"class":67},[53,18576,18577,18579,18581,18583],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18578,137],{"class":136},[53,18580,121],{"class":67},[53,18582,730],{"class":117},[53,18584,130],{"class":67},[1418,18586,8001,18588,18590],{"id":18587},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18589,16766],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18592,18593,18595],{},[15,18594,16771],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[44,18597,18599],{"className":46,"code":18598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18600,18601,18621,18655,18659,18669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18602,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18604,11637],{"class":59},[53,18606,64],{"class":63},[53,18608,10041],{"class":67},[53,18610,72],{"class":71},[53,18612,1735],{"class":75},[53,18614,72],{"class":71},[53,18616,171],{"class":67},[53,18618,821],{"class":333},[53,18620,8860],{"class":67},[53,18622,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18624,12590],{"class":59},[53,18626,64],{"class":63},[53,18628,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18630,37],{"class":67},[53,18632,16831],{"class":117},[53,18634,2546],{"class":67},[53,18636,72],{"class":71},[53,18638,195],{"class":75},[53,18640,72],{"class":71},[53,18642,81],{"class":67},[53,18644,84],{"class":71},[53,18646,704],{"class":75},[53,18648,72],{"class":71},[53,18650,17609],{"class":67},[53,18652,3394],{"class":333},[53,18654,130],{"class":67},[53,18656,18657],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18658,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,18660,18661,18663,18665,18667],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,18662,137],{"class":136},[53,18664,121],{"class":67},[53,18666,11684],{"class":117},[53,18668,130],{"class":67},[53,18670,18671,18673,18675,18678],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,18672,137],{"class":136},[53,18674,121],{"class":67},[53,18676,18677],{"class":117},"new_dict",[53,18679,130],{"class":67},[20,18681,388],{},[44,18683,18685],{"className":46,"code":18684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18686,18687,18703],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18688,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18690,8829],{"class":67},[53,18692,2862],{"class":71},[53,18694,1735],{"class":75},[53,18696,2862],{"class":71},[53,18698,171],{"class":67},[53,18700,821],{"class":333},[53,18702,8860],{"class":67},[53,18704,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18706,8829],{"class":67},[53,18708,2862],{"class":71},[53,18710,195],{"class":75},[53,18712,2862],{"class":71},[53,18714,171],{"class":67},[53,18716,3394],{"class":333},[53,18718,81],{"class":67},[53,18720,2857],{"class":71},[53,18722,704],{"class":75},[53,18724,2862],{"class":71},[53,18726,171],{"class":67},[53,18728,3394],{"class":333},[53,18730,8860],{"class":67},[20,18732,18733,18734,37],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[195,18735,10287,18736,660],{"href":13583},[15,18737,14505],{},[1418,18739,18741,18742],{"id":18740},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18743,3338],{},[44,18745,18747],{"className":46,"code":18746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18748,18749,18779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18750,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18752,18282],{"class":59},[53,18754,64],{"class":63},[53,18756,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18758,37],{"class":67},[53,18760,16831],{"class":117},[53,18762,2546],{"class":67},[53,18764,72],{"class":71},[53,18766,1735],{"class":75},[53,18768,72],{"class":71},[53,18770,81],{"class":67},[53,18772,84],{"class":71},[53,18774,11296],{"class":75},[53,18776,72],{"class":71},[53,18778,3449],{"class":67},[53,18780,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18782,137],{"class":136},[53,18784,121],{"class":67},[53,18786,730],{"class":117},[53,18788,130],{"class":67},[20,18790,388],{},[44,18792,18794],{"className":46,"code":18793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18795,18796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18797,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18799,8829],{"class":67},[53,18801,2862],{"class":71},[53,18803,1735],{"class":75},[53,18805,2862],{"class":71},[53,18807,171],{"class":67},[53,18809,3414],{"class":3413},[53,18811,81],{"class":67},[53,18813,2857],{"class":71},[53,18815,11296],{"class":75},[53,18817,2862],{"class":71},[53,18819,171],{"class":67},[53,18821,3414],{"class":3413},[53,18823,8860],{"class":67},[20,18825,18826,18827,37],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18828,3338],{},[39,18830,18832],{"id":18831},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18834,18835,18836,18838],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18837,16766],{}," works.",[44,18840,18842],{"className":46,"code":18841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18843,18844],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18845,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18847,137],{"class":136},[53,18849,121],{"class":67},[53,18851,8371],{"class":1320},[53,18853,37],{"class":67},[53,18855,16831],{"class":117},[53,18857,2546],{"class":67},[53,18859,72],{"class":71},[53,18861,195],{"class":75},[53,18863,72],{"class":71},[53,18865,81],{"class":67},[53,18867,84],{"class":71},[53,18869,704],{"class":75},[53,18871,72],{"class":71},[53,18873,17609],{"class":67},[53,18875,3394],{"class":333},[53,18877,628],{"class":67},[44,18879,18880],{"className":46,"code":18746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,18881,18882,18912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18883,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18885,18282],{"class":59},[53,18887,64],{"class":63},[53,18889,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18891,37],{"class":67},[53,18893,16831],{"class":117},[53,18895,2546],{"class":67},[53,18897,72],{"class":71},[53,18899,1735],{"class":75},[53,18901,72],{"class":71},[53,18903,81],{"class":67},[53,18905,84],{"class":71},[53,18907,11296],{"class":75},[53,18909,72],{"class":71},[53,18911,3449],{"class":67},[53,18913,18914,18916,18918,18920],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18915,137],{"class":136},[53,18917,121],{"class":67},[53,18919,730],{"class":117},[53,18921,130],{"class":67},[44,18923,18924],{"className":46,"code":18275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,18925,18926,18958,18980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18927,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18929,18282],{"class":59},[53,18931,64],{"class":63},[53,18933,8721],{"class":1320},[53,18935,37],{"class":67},[53,18937,16831],{"class":117},[53,18939,2546],{"class":67},[53,18941,72],{"class":71},[53,18943,195],{"class":75},[53,18945,72],{"class":71},[53,18947,81],{"class":67},[53,18949,84],{"class":71},[53,18951,704],{"class":75},[53,18953,72],{"class":71},[53,18955,17609],{"class":67},[53,18957,17543],{"class":67},[53,18959,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18961,730],{"class":59},[53,18963,1226],{"class":67},[53,18965,72],{"class":71},[53,18967,195],{"class":75},[53,18969,72],{"class":71},[53,18971,13100],{"class":67},[53,18973,13103],{"class":117},[53,18975,121],{"class":67},[53,18977,517],{"class":333},[53,18979,130],{"class":67},[53,18981,18982,18984,18986,18988],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,18983,137],{"class":136},[53,18985,121],{"class":67},[53,18987,730],{"class":117},[53,18989,130],{"class":67},[44,18991,18993],{"className":46,"code":18992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18994,18995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18996,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18998,137],{"class":136},[53,19000,121],{"class":67},[53,19002,1321],{"class":1320},[53,19004,121],{"class":67},[53,19006,8371],{"class":1320},[53,19008,37],{"class":67},[53,19010,16831],{"class":117},[53,19012,2546],{"class":67},[53,19014,517],{"class":333},[53,19016,81],{"class":67},[53,19018,790],{"class":333},[53,19020,81],{"class":67},[53,19022,1269],{"class":333},[53,19024,17609],{"class":67},[53,19026,84],{"class":71},[53,19028,224],{"class":75},[53,19030,72],{"class":71},[53,19032,2472],{"class":67},[39,19034,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,19036,1431,19038,19040],{"id":19037},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19039,16766],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19042,19043],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1418,19045,19047],{"id":19046},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19049,19050,19051,37],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19052,3338],{},[1418,19054,19056],{"id":19055},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19058,19059],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1418,19061,19063],{"id":19062},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19065,17699],{},[44,19067,19069],{"className":46,"code":19068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19070,19071,19103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19072,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19074,16790],{"class":59},[53,19076,64],{"class":63},[53,19078,68],{"class":67},[53,19080,72],{"class":71},[53,19082,195],{"class":75},[53,19084,72],{"class":71},[53,19086,81],{"class":67},[53,19088,84],{"class":71},[53,19090,704],{"class":75},[53,19092,72],{"class":71},[53,19094,81],{"class":67},[53,19096,84],{"class":71},[53,19098,713],{"class":75},[53,19100,72],{"class":71},[53,19102,101],{"class":67},[53,19104,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19106,8716],{"class":59},[53,19108,64],{"class":63},[53,19110,10041],{"class":67},[53,19112,14392],{"class":59},[53,19114,171],{"class":67},[53,19116,17751],{"class":67},[53,19118,3438],{"class":1041},[53,19120,17756],{"class":59},[53,19122,1048],{"class":1041},[53,19124,17761],{"class":59},[53,19126,8860],{"class":67},[39,19128,1471],{"id":1470},[173,19130,19131,19135,19139,19143,19149],{},[176,19132,19133],{},[195,19134,10792],{"href":12578},[176,19136,19137],{},[195,19138,8706],{"href":12575},[176,19140,19141],{},[195,19142,10801],{"href":17450},[176,19144,19145],{},[195,19146,10287,19147,660],{"href":13583},[15,19148,14505],{},[176,19150,19151],{},[195,19152,10287,19153,660],{"href":14550},[15,19154,12328],{},[20,19156,152,19157,19159],{},[15,19158,16771],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1494,19161,19162],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":19164},[19165,19166,19168,19172,19173,19175,19180,19182,19189,19198,19199,19206],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":16871,"depth":104,"text":19167},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16915,"depth":104,"text":16916,"children":19169},[19170,19171],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":16966,"depth":133,"text":16967},{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":17125,"depth":104,"text":19174},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17454,"depth":104,"text":17455,"children":19176},[19177,19178,19179],{"id":17484,"depth":133,"text":17485},{"id":17647,"depth":133,"text":17648},{"id":17695,"depth":133,"text":17696},{"id":17859,"depth":104,"text":19181},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18017,"depth":104,"text":19183,"children":19184},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19185,19187,19188],{"id":18028,"depth":133,"text":19186},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18093,"depth":133,"text":18094},{"id":18167,"depth":133,"text":18168},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":19190},[19191,19192,19194,19196],{"id":18271,"depth":133,"text":18272},{"id":18453,"depth":133,"text":19193},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18587,"depth":133,"text":19195},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18740,"depth":133,"text":19197},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18831,"depth":104,"text":18832},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":19200},[19201,19203,19204,19205],{"id":19037,"depth":133,"text":19202},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19046,"depth":133,"text":19047},{"id":19055,"depth":133,"text":19056},{"id":19062,"depth":133,"text":19063},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16758,"description":19207},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19214,"title":19215,"body":19216,"description":21043,"extension":1524,"meta":21044,"navigation":372,"path":21045,"seo":21046,"stem":21047,"__hash__":21048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19217,"toc":21010},[19218,19223,19229,19240,19370,19377,19382,19386,19402,19404,19502,19505,19522,19526,19528,19533,19571,19574,19592,19594,19712,19717,19721,19737,19740,19876,19879,19884,19890,19893,19930,19933,19937,19942,20018,20022,20027,20109,20111,20127,20132,20136,20142,20211,20214,20231,20234,20316,20322,20325,20345,20349,20354,20360,20366,20437,20440,20446,20449,20523,20529,20535,20543,20553,20555,20650,20656,20661,20747,20753,20755,20759,20781,20784,20879,20882,20913,20926,20928,20936,20942,20948,20951,20957,20962,20969,20974,20976,21007],[10,19219,10868,19221,18],{"id":19220},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19222,10290],{},[20,19224,19225,19226,19228],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19227,10290],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19230,19231,19232,891,19235,532,19237,19239],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19233,19234],{},"KeyError",[15,19236,10290],{},[15,19238,3338],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[44,19241,19243],{"className":46,"code":19242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19244,19245,19281,19285,19311,19336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19246,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19248,12754],{"class":59},[53,19250,64],{"class":63},[53,19252,10041],{"class":67},[53,19254,72],{"class":71},[53,19256,7220],{"class":75},[53,19258,72],{"class":71},[53,19260,171],{"class":67},[53,19262,84],{"class":71},[53,19264,12432],{"class":75},[53,19266,72],{"class":71},[53,19268,81],{"class":67},[53,19270,84],{"class":71},[53,19272,8850],{"class":75},[53,19274,72],{"class":71},[53,19276,171],{"class":67},[53,19278,8857],{"class":333},[53,19280,8860],{"class":67},[53,19282,19283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19284,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,19288,137],{"class":136},[53,19290,121],{"class":67},[53,19292,16855],{"class":117},[53,19294,37],{"class":67},[53,19296,19297],{"class":117},"get",[53,19299,121],{"class":67},[53,19301,72],{"class":71},[53,19303,7220],{"class":75},[53,19305,72],{"class":71},[53,19307,762],{"class":67},[53,19309,19310],{"class":148},"           # Ana\n",[53,19312,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,19314,137],{"class":136},[53,19316,121],{"class":67},[53,19318,16855],{"class":117},[53,19320,37],{"class":67},[53,19322,19297],{"class":117},[53,19324,121],{"class":67},[53,19326,72],{"class":71},[53,19328,9959],{"class":75},[53,19330,72],{"class":71},[53,19332,762],{"class":67},[53,19334,19335],{"class":148},"           # None\n",[53,19337,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19363,19365,19367],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,19339,137],{"class":136},[53,19341,121],{"class":67},[53,19343,16855],{"class":117},[53,19345,37],{"class":67},[53,19347,19297],{"class":117},[53,19349,121],{"class":67},[53,19351,72],{"class":71},[53,19353,9959],{"class":75},[53,19355,72],{"class":71},[53,19357,81],{"class":67},[53,19359,84],{"class":71},[53,19361,19362],{"class":75},"N\u002FA",[53,19364,72],{"class":71},[53,19366,762],{"class":67},[53,19368,19369],{"class":148},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19371,152,19372,19374,19375,37],{},[15,19373,10290],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19376,19234],{},[39,19378,163,19380,166],{"id":19379},"what-get-does",[15,19381,10290],{},[20,19383,1541,19384,10962],{},[15,19385,10290],{},[173,19387,19388,19391,19396,19399],{},[176,19389,19390],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[176,19392,10973,19393,19395],{},[15,19394,3338],{}," if the key does not exist",[176,19397,19398],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[176,19400,19401],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19403,316],{},[44,19405,19407],{"className":46,"code":19406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19408,19409,19448,19452,19477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19410,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19430,19432,19434,19436,19439,19441,19443,19446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19412,12415],{"class":59},[53,19414,64],{"class":63},[53,19416,10041],{"class":67},[53,19418,72],{"class":71},[53,19420,7220],{"class":75},[53,19422,72],{"class":71},[53,19424,171],{"class":67},[53,19426,84],{"class":71},[53,19428,19429],{"class":75},"Lina",[53,19431,72],{"class":71},[53,19433,81],{"class":67},[53,19435,84],{"class":71},[53,19437,19438],{"class":75},"grade",[53,19440,72],{"class":71},[53,19442,171],{"class":67},[53,19444,19445],{"class":333}," 90",[53,19447,8860],{"class":67},[53,19449,19450],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19451,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,19453,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,19455,137],{"class":136},[53,19457,121],{"class":67},[53,19459,13176],{"class":117},[53,19461,37],{"class":67},[53,19463,19297],{"class":117},[53,19465,121],{"class":67},[53,19467,72],{"class":71},[53,19469,7220],{"class":75},[53,19471,72],{"class":71},[53,19473,762],{"class":67},[53,19475,19476],{"class":148},"     # Lina\n",[53,19478,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,19480,137],{"class":136},[53,19482,121],{"class":67},[53,19484,13176],{"class":117},[53,19486,37],{"class":67},[53,19488,19297],{"class":117},[53,19490,121],{"class":67},[53,19492,72],{"class":71},[53,19494,14810],{"class":75},[53,19496,72],{"class":71},[53,19498,762],{"class":67},[53,19500,19501],{"class":148},"    # None\n",[20,19503,19504],{},"In this example:",[173,19506,19507,19512],{},[176,19508,19509,19511],{},[15,19510,14791],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[176,19513,19514,19517,19518,532,19520],{},[15,19515,19516],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19519,10290],{},[15,19521,3338],{},[20,19523,12572,19524,37],{},[195,19525,8706],{"href":8705},[39,19527,202],{"id":201},[20,19529,19530,19531,171],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19532,10290],{},[44,19534,19536],{"className":46,"code":19535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19537,19538,19552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19539,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19541,15156],{"class":59},[53,19543,37],{"class":67},[53,19545,19297],{"class":117},[53,19547,121],{"class":67},[53,19549,14392],{"class":117},[53,19551,130],{"class":67},[53,19553,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19569],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19555,15156],{"class":59},[53,19557,37],{"class":67},[53,19559,19297],{"class":117},[53,19561,121],{"class":67},[53,19563,14392],{"class":117},[53,19565,81],{"class":67},[53,19567,19568],{"class":117}," default_value",[53,19570,130],{"class":67},[20,19572,19573],{},"What each part means:",[173,19575,19576,19581,19587],{},[176,19577,19578,19580],{},[15,19579,14392],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[176,19582,19583,19586],{},[15,19584,19585],{},"default_value"," is optional",[176,19588,19589,19590],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19591,3338],{},[20,19593,316],{},[44,19595,19597],{"className":46,"code":19596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19598,19599,19623,19627,19652,19678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19600,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19602,13376],{"class":59},[53,19604,64],{"class":63},[53,19606,10041],{"class":67},[53,19608,72],{"class":71},[53,19610,12046],{"class":75},[53,19612,72],{"class":71},[53,19614,171],{"class":67},[53,19616,84],{"class":71},[53,19618,12055],{"class":75},[53,19620,72],{"class":71},[53,19622,8860],{"class":67},[53,19624,19625],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19626,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,19630,137],{"class":136},[53,19632,121],{"class":67},[53,19634,13435],{"class":117},[53,19636,37],{"class":67},[53,19638,19297],{"class":117},[53,19640,121],{"class":67},[53,19642,72],{"class":71},[53,19644,12046],{"class":75},[53,19646,72],{"class":71},[53,19648,762],{"class":67},[53,19650,19651],{"class":148},"            # dark\n",[53,19653,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19671,19673,19675],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,19655,137],{"class":136},[53,19657,121],{"class":67},[53,19659,13435],{"class":117},[53,19661,37],{"class":67},[53,19663,19297],{"class":117},[53,19665,121],{"class":67},[53,19667,72],{"class":71},[53,19669,19670],{"class":75},"language",[53,19672,72],{"class":71},[53,19674,762],{"class":67},[53,19676,19677],{"class":148},"         # None\n",[53,19679,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19705,19707,19709],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,19681,137],{"class":136},[53,19683,121],{"class":67},[53,19685,13435],{"class":117},[53,19687,37],{"class":67},[53,19689,19297],{"class":117},[53,19691,121],{"class":67},[53,19693,72],{"class":71},[53,19695,19670],{"class":75},[53,19697,72],{"class":71},[53,19699,81],{"class":67},[53,19701,84],{"class":71},[53,19703,19704],{"class":75},"en",[53,19706,72],{"class":71},[53,19708,762],{"class":67},[53,19710,19711],{"class":148},"   # en\n",[39,19713,1391,19715],{"id":19714},"when-to-use-get",[15,19716,10290],{},[20,19718,152,19719,1398],{},[15,19720,10290],{},[173,19722,19723,19726,19731,19734],{},[176,19724,19725],{},"A key might not exist",[176,19727,19728,19729],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19730,19234],{},[176,19732,19733],{},"You are reading optional data",[176,19735,19736],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19738,19739],{},"Example with optional user data:",[44,19741,19743],{"className":46,"code":19742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19744,19745,19787,19791,19816,19842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19746,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19783,19785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19748,11038],{"class":59},[53,19750,64],{"class":63},[53,19752,10041],{"class":67},[53,19754,72],{"class":71},[53,19756,7535],{"class":75},[53,19758,72],{"class":71},[53,19760,171],{"class":67},[53,19762,84],{"class":71},[53,19764,19765],{"class":75},"sam",[53,19767,72],{"class":71},[53,19769,81],{"class":67},[53,19771,84],{"class":71},[53,19773,14810],{"class":75},[53,19775,72],{"class":71},[53,19777,171],{"class":67},[53,19779,84],{"class":71},[53,19781,19782],{"class":75},"sam@example.com",[53,19784,72],{"class":71},[53,19786,8860],{"class":67},[53,19788,19789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19790,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,19792,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,19794,137],{"class":136},[53,19796,121],{"class":67},[53,19798,11132],{"class":117},[53,19800,37],{"class":67},[53,19802,19297],{"class":117},[53,19804,121],{"class":67},[53,19806,72],{"class":71},[53,19808,7535],{"class":75},[53,19810,72],{"class":71},[53,19812,762],{"class":67},[53,19814,19815],{"class":148},"              # sam\n",[53,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19835,19837,19839],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,19819,137],{"class":136},[53,19821,121],{"class":67},[53,19823,11132],{"class":117},[53,19825,37],{"class":67},[53,19827,19297],{"class":117},[53,19829,121],{"class":67},[53,19831,72],{"class":71},[53,19833,19834],{"class":75},"phone",[53,19836,72],{"class":71},[53,19838,762],{"class":67},[53,19840,19841],{"class":148},"                 # None\n",[53,19843,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19869,19871,19873],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,19845,137],{"class":136},[53,19847,121],{"class":67},[53,19849,11132],{"class":117},[53,19851,37],{"class":67},[53,19853,19297],{"class":117},[53,19855,121],{"class":67},[53,19857,72],{"class":71},[53,19859,19834],{"class":75},[53,19861,72],{"class":71},[53,19863,81],{"class":67},[53,19865,84],{"class":71},[53,19867,19868],{"class":75},"Not provided",[53,19870,72],{"class":71},[53,19872,762],{"class":67},[53,19874,19875],{"class":148}," # Not provided\n",[20,19877,19878],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19880,19881,19882,37],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[195,19883,16149],{"href":16148},[39,19885,19887,19889],{"id":19886},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19888,10290],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19891,19892],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[44,19894,19896],{"className":46,"code":19895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19897,19898,19912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19899,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19901,8755],{"class":59},[53,19903,1226],{"class":67},[53,19905,72],{"class":71},[53,19907,14392],{"class":75},[53,19909,72],{"class":71},[53,19911,101],{"class":67},[53,19913,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19915,8755],{"class":59},[53,19917,37],{"class":67},[53,19919,19297],{"class":117},[53,19921,121],{"class":67},[53,19923,72],{"class":71},[53,19925,14392],{"class":75},[53,19927,72],{"class":71},[53,19929,130],{"class":67},[20,19931,19932],{},"The difference is important.",[1418,19934,19936],{"id":19935},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19938,19939,19940,37],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19941,19234],{},[44,19943,19945],{"className":46,"code":19944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19946,19947,19971,19975,19997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19948,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19950,8716],{"class":59},[53,19952,64],{"class":63},[53,19954,10041],{"class":67},[53,19956,72],{"class":71},[53,19958,7220],{"class":75},[53,19960,72],{"class":71},[53,19962,171],{"class":67},[53,19964,84],{"class":71},[53,19966,12432],{"class":75},[53,19968,72],{"class":71},[53,19970,8860],{"class":67},[53,19972,19973],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19974,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,19976,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19994],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,19978,137],{"class":136},[53,19980,121],{"class":67},[53,19982,8755],{"class":117},[53,19984,1226],{"class":67},[53,19986,72],{"class":71},[53,19988,7220],{"class":75},[53,19990,72],{"class":71},[53,19992,19993],{"class":67},"])",[53,19995,19996],{"class":148},"   # Ana\n",[53,19998,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20000,137],{"class":136},[53,20002,121],{"class":67},[53,20004,8755],{"class":117},[53,20006,1226],{"class":67},[53,20008,72],{"class":71},[53,20010,9959],{"class":75},[53,20012,72],{"class":71},[53,20014,19993],{"class":67},[53,20016,20017],{"class":148},"   # KeyError\n",[1418,20019,20020],{"id":19297},[15,20021,10290],{},[20,20023,20024,20026],{},[15,20025,10290],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[44,20028,20030],{"className":46,"code":20029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20031,20032,20056,20060,20084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20033,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20035,8716],{"class":59},[53,20037,64],{"class":63},[53,20039,10041],{"class":67},[53,20041,72],{"class":71},[53,20043,7220],{"class":75},[53,20045,72],{"class":71},[53,20047,171],{"class":67},[53,20049,84],{"class":71},[53,20051,12432],{"class":75},[53,20053,72],{"class":71},[53,20055,8860],{"class":67},[53,20057,20058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20059,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20061,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20063,137],{"class":136},[53,20065,121],{"class":67},[53,20067,8755],{"class":117},[53,20069,37],{"class":67},[53,20071,19297],{"class":117},[53,20073,121],{"class":67},[53,20075,72],{"class":71},[53,20077,7220],{"class":75},[53,20079,72],{"class":71},[53,20081,762],{"class":67},[53,20083,19996],{"class":148},[53,20085,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20087,137],{"class":136},[53,20089,121],{"class":67},[53,20091,8755],{"class":117},[53,20093,37],{"class":67},[53,20095,19297],{"class":117},[53,20097,121],{"class":67},[53,20099,72],{"class":71},[53,20101,9959],{"class":75},[53,20103,72],{"class":71},[53,20105,762],{"class":67},[53,20107,20108],{"class":148},"   # None\n",[20,20110,18242],{},[173,20112,20113,20119],{},[176,20114,20115,20116],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,20117,20118],{},"must exist",[176,20120,20121,20123,20124],{},[15,20122,10290],{}," when the key is ",[30,20125,20126],{},"optional",[20,20128,20129,20130,37],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[195,20131,10812],{"href":10624},[39,20133,20135],{"id":20134},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20137,20138,20139,20141],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20140,10290],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[44,20143,20145],{"className":46,"code":20144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20146,20147,20172,20176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20148,20149,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20150,20151],{"class":59},"profile ",[53,20153,64],{"class":63},[53,20155,10041],{"class":67},[53,20157,72],{"class":71},[53,20159,7220],{"class":75},[53,20161,72],{"class":71},[53,20163,171],{"class":67},[53,20165,84],{"class":71},[53,20167,7471],{"class":75},[53,20169,72],{"class":71},[53,20171,8860],{"class":67},[53,20173,20174],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20175,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20177,20178,20180,20182,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20204,20206,20208],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20179,137],{"class":136},[53,20181,121],{"class":67},[53,20183,20184],{"class":117},"profile",[53,20186,37],{"class":67},[53,20188,19297],{"class":117},[53,20190,121],{"class":67},[53,20192,72],{"class":71},[53,20194,14813],{"class":75},[53,20196,72],{"class":71},[53,20198,81],{"class":67},[53,20200,84],{"class":71},[53,20202,20203],{"class":75},"Unknown",[53,20205,72],{"class":71},[53,20207,762],{"class":67},[53,20209,20210],{"class":148},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20212,20213],{},"This is useful for display text:",[173,20215,20216,20221,20226],{},[176,20217,20218],{},[15,20219,20220],{},"\"Unknown\"",[176,20222,20223],{},[15,20224,20225],{},"\"Not set\"",[176,20227,20228],{},[15,20229,20230],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20232,20233],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[44,20235,20237],{"className":46,"code":20236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20238,20239,20271,20275,20302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20240,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20242,4618],{"class":59},[53,20244,64],{"class":63},[53,20246,10041],{"class":67},[53,20248,72],{"class":71},[53,20250,17964],{"class":75},[53,20252,72],{"class":71},[53,20254,171],{"class":67},[53,20256,5556],{"class":333},[53,20258,81],{"class":67},[53,20260,84],{"class":71},[53,20262,17973],{"class":75},[53,20264,72],{"class":71},[53,20266,171],{"class":67},[53,20268,5912],{"class":333},[53,20270,8860],{"class":67},[53,20272,20273],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20274,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20276,20277,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20278,20279],{"class":59},"total_history ",[53,20281,64],{"class":63},[53,20283,4665],{"class":59},[53,20285,37],{"class":67},[53,20287,19297],{"class":117},[53,20289,121],{"class":67},[53,20291,72],{"class":71},[53,20293,17982],{"class":75},[53,20295,72],{"class":71},[53,20297,81],{"class":67},[53,20299,3394],{"class":333},[53,20301,130],{"class":67},[53,20303,20304,20306,20308,20311,20313],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20305,137],{"class":136},[53,20307,121],{"class":67},[53,20309,20310],{"class":117},"total_history",[53,20312,145],{"class":67},[53,20314,20315],{"class":148},"   # 0\n",[20,20317,20318,20319,20321],{},"Here, ",[15,20320,187],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20323,20324],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[173,20326,20327,20330,20335,20340],{},[176,20328,20329],{},"Use a string for text",[176,20331,152,20332,20334],{},[15,20333,187],{}," for numbers",[176,20336,152,20337,20339],{},[15,20338,3347],{}," for lists if needed",[176,20341,152,20342,20344],{},[15,20343,3352],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[39,20346,20348],{"id":20347},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20350,20351,20352,37],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20353,10290],{},[1418,20355,20357,20359],{"id":20356},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20358,10290],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20361,20362,20363,20365],{},"This code does ",[30,20364,1112],{}," create a new key:",[44,20367,20369],{"className":46,"code":20368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20370,20371,20395,20399,20424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20372,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20374,12754],{"class":59},[53,20376,64],{"class":63},[53,20378,10041],{"class":67},[53,20380,72],{"class":71},[53,20382,7220],{"class":75},[53,20384,72],{"class":71},[53,20386,171],{"class":67},[53,20388,84],{"class":71},[53,20390,12432],{"class":75},[53,20392,72],{"class":71},[53,20394,8860],{"class":67},[53,20396,20397],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20398,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20400,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20402,137],{"class":136},[53,20404,121],{"class":67},[53,20406,16855],{"class":117},[53,20408,37],{"class":67},[53,20410,19297],{"class":117},[53,20412,121],{"class":67},[53,20414,72],{"class":71},[53,20416,9959],{"class":75},[53,20418,72],{"class":71},[53,20420,762],{"class":67},[53,20422,20423],{"class":148},"  # None\n",[53,20425,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20427,137],{"class":136},[53,20429,121],{"class":67},[53,20431,16855],{"class":117},[53,20433,145],{"class":67},[53,20435,20436],{"class":148},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20438,20439],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1418,20441,20443,20445],{"id":20442},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20444,10290],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20447,20448],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[44,20450,20452],{"className":46,"code":20451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20453,20454,20480,20484,20510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20455,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20467,20469,20471,20473,20476,20478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20457,13376],{"class":59},[53,20459,64],{"class":63},[53,20461,10041],{"class":67},[53,20463,72],{"class":71},[53,20465,20466],{"class":75},"mode",[53,20468,72],{"class":71},[53,20470,171],{"class":67},[53,20472,84],{"class":71},[53,20474,20475],{"class":75},"light",[53,20477,72],{"class":71},[53,20479,8860],{"class":67},[53,20481,20482],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20483,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20485,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20487,13435],{"class":59},[53,20489,37],{"class":67},[53,20491,19297],{"class":117},[53,20493,121],{"class":67},[53,20495,72],{"class":71},[53,20497,12046],{"class":75},[53,20499,72],{"class":71},[53,20501,81],{"class":67},[53,20503,84],{"class":71},[53,20505,12055],{"class":75},[53,20507,72],{"class":71},[53,20509,130],{"class":67},[53,20511,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20513,137],{"class":136},[53,20515,121],{"class":67},[53,20517,13435],{"class":117},[53,20519,145],{"class":67},[53,20521,20522],{"class":148},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20524,642,20525,20528],{},[15,20526,20527],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1418,20530,20532,20533],{"id":20531},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20534,3338],{},[20,20536,20537,20538,532,20540,20542],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20539,10290],{},[15,20541,3338],{}," because:",[173,20544,20545,20548],{},[176,20546,20547],{},"The key is missing, or",[176,20549,20550,20551],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20552,3338],{},[20,20554,316],{},[44,20556,20558],{"className":46,"code":20557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20559,20560,20597,20601,20625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20561,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20589,20591,20593,20595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20563,8716],{"class":59},[53,20565,64],{"class":63},[53,20567,10041],{"class":67},[53,20569,72],{"class":71},[53,20571,7220],{"class":75},[53,20573,72],{"class":71},[53,20575,171],{"class":67},[53,20577,84],{"class":71},[53,20579,12432],{"class":75},[53,20581,72],{"class":71},[53,20583,81],{"class":67},[53,20585,84],{"class":71},[53,20587,20588],{"class":75},"nickname",[53,20590,72],{"class":71},[53,20592,171],{"class":67},[53,20594,3414],{"class":3413},[53,20596,8860],{"class":67},[53,20598,20599],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20600,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20602,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20604,137],{"class":136},[53,20606,121],{"class":67},[53,20608,8755],{"class":117},[53,20610,37],{"class":67},[53,20612,19297],{"class":117},[53,20614,121],{"class":67},[53,20616,72],{"class":71},[53,20618,20588],{"class":75},[53,20620,72],{"class":71},[53,20622,762],{"class":67},[53,20624,20423],{"class":148},[53,20626,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20628,137],{"class":136},[53,20630,121],{"class":67},[53,20632,8755],{"class":117},[53,20634,37],{"class":67},[53,20636,19297],{"class":117},[53,20638,121],{"class":67},[53,20640,72],{"class":71},[53,20642,9959],{"class":75},[53,20644,72],{"class":71},[53,20646,762],{"class":67},[53,20648,20649],{"class":148},"      # None\n",[20,20651,20652,20653,20655],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20654,3338],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20657,20658,20659,171],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20660,1048],{},[44,20662,20664],{"className":46,"code":20663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20665,20666,20702,20706,20726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20667,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20669,8716],{"class":59},[53,20671,64],{"class":63},[53,20673,10041],{"class":67},[53,20675,72],{"class":71},[53,20677,7220],{"class":75},[53,20679,72],{"class":71},[53,20681,171],{"class":67},[53,20683,84],{"class":71},[53,20685,12432],{"class":75},[53,20687,72],{"class":71},[53,20689,81],{"class":67},[53,20691,84],{"class":71},[53,20693,20588],{"class":75},[53,20695,72],{"class":71},[53,20697,171],{"class":67},[53,20699,3414],{"class":3413},[53,20701,8860],{"class":67},[53,20703,20704],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20705,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,20707,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20709,137],{"class":136},[53,20711,121],{"class":67},[53,20713,72],{"class":71},[53,20715,20588],{"class":75},[53,20717,72],{"class":71},[53,20719,1286],{"class":1041},[53,20721,14117],{"class":117},[53,20723,145],{"class":67},[53,20725,3224],{"class":148},[53,20727,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20729,137],{"class":136},[53,20731,121],{"class":67},[53,20733,72],{"class":71},[53,20735,9959],{"class":75},[53,20737,72],{"class":71},[53,20739,1286],{"class":1041},[53,20741,14117],{"class":117},[53,20743,145],{"class":67},[53,20745,20746],{"class":148},"      # False\n",[20,20748,20749,20750,37],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[195,20751,20752],{"href":16701},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[39,20754,2389],{"id":2388},[20,20756,1132,20757,171],{},[15,20758,10290],{},[173,20760,20761,20766,20773,20778],{},[176,20762,20763,20764],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20765,19234],{},[176,20767,4261,20768,532,20770,20772],{},[15,20769,10290],{},[15,20771,3338],{}," if no default is provided",[176,20774,4136,20775,20777],{},[15,20776,10290],{}," creates a key automatically",[176,20779,20780],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20782,20783],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[44,20785,20787],{"className":46,"code":20786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20788,20789,20799,20813,20831,20853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20790,20791,20793,20795,20797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20792,137],{"class":136},[53,20794,121],{"class":67},[53,20796,10999],{"class":117},[53,20798,130],{"class":67},[53,20800,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20802,137],{"class":136},[53,20804,121],{"class":67},[53,20806,10999],{"class":117},[53,20808,37],{"class":67},[53,20810,16473],{"class":117},[53,20812,6745],{"class":67},[53,20814,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,20816,137],{"class":136},[53,20818,121],{"class":67},[53,20820,2862],{"class":71},[53,20822,7220],{"class":75},[53,20824,2862],{"class":71},[53,20826,1286],{"class":1041},[53,20828,11317],{"class":117},[53,20830,130],{"class":67},[53,20832,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,20834,137],{"class":136},[53,20836,121],{"class":67},[53,20838,10999],{"class":117},[53,20840,37],{"class":67},[53,20842,19297],{"class":117},[53,20844,121],{"class":67},[53,20846,2862],{"class":71},[53,20848,7220],{"class":75},[53,20850,2862],{"class":71},[53,20852,628],{"class":67},[53,20854,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,20856,137],{"class":136},[53,20858,121],{"class":67},[53,20860,1321],{"class":1320},[53,20862,121],{"class":67},[53,20864,10999],{"class":117},[53,20866,37],{"class":67},[53,20868,19297],{"class":117},[53,20870,121],{"class":67},[53,20872,2862],{"class":71},[53,20874,7220],{"class":75},[53,20876,2862],{"class":71},[53,20878,2472],{"class":67},[20,20880,20881],{},"What these checks tell you:",[173,20883,20884,20889,20895,20901,20907],{},[176,20885,20886,20888],{},[15,20887,12231],{}," shows the full dictionary",[176,20890,20891,20894],{},[15,20892,20893],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[176,20896,20897,20900],{},[15,20898,20899],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[176,20902,20903,20906],{},[15,20904,20905],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[176,20908,20909,20912],{},[15,20910,20911],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20914,20915,20916,667,20921,20925],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[195,20917,20918,20919,660],{"href":16611},"the dictionary ",[15,20920,16614],{},[195,20922,20918,20923,660],{"href":16623},[15,20924,16626],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[39,20927,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,20929,1431,20931,20933,20934,1459],{"id":20930},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20932,10290],{}," raise ",[15,20935,19234],{},[20,20937,20938,20939,20941],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20940,3338],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1418,20943,1431,20945,20947],{"id":20944},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20946,10290],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20949,20950],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1418,20952,20954,20955,1459],{"id":20953},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20956,10290],{},[20,20958,20959,20961],{},[15,20960,3338],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1418,20963,20965,20966,20968],{"id":20964},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20967,10290],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20970,152,20971,20973],{},[15,20972,10290],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[39,20975,1471],{"id":1470},[173,20977,20978,20982,20988,20994,20998,21003],{},[176,20979,20980],{},[195,20981,8706],{"href":8705},[176,20983,20984],{},[195,20985,10287,20986,660],{"href":16611},[15,20987,16614],{},[176,20989,20990],{},[195,20991,10287,20992,660],{"href":16623},[15,20993,16626],{},[176,20995,20996],{},[195,20997,16702],{"href":16701},[176,20999,21000],{},[195,21001,21002],{"href":16148},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[176,21004,21005],{},[195,21006,10812],{"href":10624},[1494,21008,21009],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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brackets",[21020,21021],{"id":19935,"depth":133,"text":19936},{"id":19297,"depth":133,"text":10290},{"id":20134,"depth":104,"text":20135},{"id":20347,"depth":104,"text":20348,"children":21024},[21025,21027,21029],{"id":20356,"depth":133,"text":21026},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20442,"depth":133,"text":21028},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20531,"depth":133,"text":21030},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":21033},[21034,21036,21038,21040],{"id":20930,"depth":133,"text":21035},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20944,"depth":133,"text":21037},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20953,"depth":133,"text":21039},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20964,"depth":133,"text":21041},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19215,"description":21043},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21050,"title":21051,"body":21052,"description":23609,"extension":1524,"meta":23610,"navigation":372,"path":23611,"seo":23612,"stem":23613,"__hash__":23614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21053,"toc":23575},[21054,21059,21065,21071,21073,21155,21159,21176,21181,21186,21191,21193,21207,21209,21272,21276,21316,21324,21326,21328,21343,21346,21359,21361,21440,21444,21510,21512,21516,21524,21526,21537,21539,21649,21653,21732,21738,21744,21749,21862,21866,21898,21901,22008,22014,22021,22025,22028,22131,22135,22196,22199,22202,22213,22222,22225,22242,22244,22343,22347,22422,22425,22448,22453,22458,22475,22477,22598,22602,22636,22638,22643,22650,22660,22662,22740,22743,22814,22824,22827,22859,22862,22901,22907,22914,22917,23008,23012,23093,23099,23102,23105,23210,23213,23216,23338,23342,23345,23412,23416,23453,23459,23461,23467,23472,23478,23485,23491,23494,23533,23539,23542,23544,23572],[10,21055,10868,21057,18],{"id":21056},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21058,16626],{},[20,21060,1541,21061,21064],{},[15,21062,21063],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21066,21067,21068,21070],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21069,16626],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[39,21072,1566],{"id":1565},[44,21074,21076],{"className":46,"code":21075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21077,21078,21114,21118,21141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21079,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21081,12754],{"class":59},[53,21083,64],{"class":63},[53,21085,10041],{"class":67},[53,21087,72],{"class":71},[53,21089,7220],{"class":75},[53,21091,72],{"class":71},[53,21093,171],{"class":67},[53,21095,84],{"class":71},[53,21097,12432],{"class":75},[53,21099,72],{"class":71},[53,21101,81],{"class":67},[53,21103,84],{"class":71},[53,21105,8850],{"class":75},[53,21107,72],{"class":71},[53,21109,171],{"class":67},[53,21111,8857],{"class":333},[53,21113,8860],{"class":67},[53,21115,21116],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21117,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21119,21120,21122,21125,21127,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21121,5510],{"class":1041},[53,21123,21124],{"class":59}," key",[53,21126,81],{"class":67},[53,21128,21129],{"class":59}," value ",[53,21131,1048],{"class":1041},[53,21133,12797],{"class":59},[53,21135,37],{"class":67},[53,21137,956],{"class":117},[53,21139,21140],{"class":67},"():\n",[53,21142,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151,21153],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,21144,1058],{"class":136},[53,21146,121],{"class":67},[53,21148,14392],{"class":117},[53,21150,81],{"class":67},[53,21152,7981],{"class":117},[53,21154,130],{"class":67},[20,21156,21157],{},[30,21158,388],{},[44,21160,21162],{"className":46,"code":21161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21163,21164,21169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21165,21166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21167,21168],{"class":59},"name Ana\n",[53,21170,21171,21174],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21172,21173],{"class":59},"age ",[53,21175,2267],{"class":333},[20,21177,152,21178,21180],{},[15,21179,16626],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[39,21182,163,21184,166],{"id":21183},"what-items-does",[15,21185,16626],{},[20,21187,21188,21190],{},[15,21189,16626],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21192,11008],{},[173,21194,21195,21201,21204],{},[176,21196,21197,21198],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21199,21200],{},"(key, value)",[176,21202,21203],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[176,21205,21206],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21208,316],{},[44,21210,21212],{"className":46,"code":21211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21213,21214,21250,21254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21215,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21217,12754],{"class":59},[53,21219,64],{"class":63},[53,21221,10041],{"class":67},[53,21223,72],{"class":71},[53,21225,7220],{"class":75},[53,21227,72],{"class":71},[53,21229,171],{"class":67},[53,21231,84],{"class":71},[53,21233,12432],{"class":75},[53,21235,72],{"class":71},[53,21237,81],{"class":67},[53,21239,84],{"class":71},[53,21241,8850],{"class":75},[53,21243,72],{"class":71},[53,21245,171],{"class":67},[53,21247,8857],{"class":333},[53,21249,8860],{"class":67},[53,21251,21252],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21253,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21255,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21257,137],{"class":136},[53,21259,121],{"class":67},[53,21261,7643],{"class":1320},[53,21263,121],{"class":67},[53,21265,16855],{"class":117},[53,21267,37],{"class":67},[53,21269,956],{"class":117},[53,21271,5842],{"class":67},[20,21273,21274],{},[30,21275,388],{},[44,21277,21279],{"className":46,"code":21278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21280,21281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21282,21283,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21284,21285],{"class":67},"[(",[53,21287,2862],{"class":71},[53,21289,7220],{"class":75},[53,21291,2862],{"class":71},[53,21293,81],{"class":67},[53,21295,2857],{"class":71},[53,21297,12432],{"class":75},[53,21299,2862],{"class":71},[53,21301,8784],{"class":67},[53,21303,8787],{"class":67},[53,21305,2862],{"class":71},[53,21307,8850],{"class":75},[53,21309,2862],{"class":71},[53,21311,81],{"class":67},[53,21313,8857],{"class":333},[53,21315,8800],{"class":67},[20,21317,21318,21319,2438,21321,37],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[195,21320,8706],{"href":12575},[195,21322,14576],{"href":21323},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[39,21325,202],{"id":201},[20,21327,4986],{},[44,21329,21331],{"className":46,"code":21330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21332,21333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21334,21335,21337,21339,21341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21336,10999],{"class":59},[53,21338,37],{"class":67},[53,21340,956],{"class":117},[53,21342,8192],{"class":67},[20,21344,21345],{},"Things to remember:",[173,21347,21348,21353,21356],{},[176,21349,21350,21352],{},[15,21351,16626],{}," does not take any arguments",[176,21354,21355],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[176,21357,21358],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21360,316],{},[44,21362,21364],{"className":46,"code":21363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21365,21366,21398,21402,21416,21420,21430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21367,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21369,4618],{"class":59},[53,21371,64],{"class":63},[53,21373,10041],{"class":67},[53,21375,72],{"class":71},[53,21377,4558],{"class":75},[53,21379,72],{"class":71},[53,21381,171],{"class":67},[53,21383,19445],{"class":333},[53,21385,81],{"class":67},[53,21387,84],{"class":71},[53,21389,4567],{"class":75},[53,21391,72],{"class":71},[53,21393,171],{"class":67},[53,21395,13057],{"class":333},[53,21397,8860],{"class":67},[53,21399,21400],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21401,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21403,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21405,351],{"class":59},[53,21407,64],{"class":63},[53,21409,4665],{"class":59},[53,21411,37],{"class":67},[53,21413,956],{"class":117},[53,21415,8192],{"class":67},[53,21417,21418],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,21419,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21421,21422,21424,21426,21428],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,21423,137],{"class":136},[53,21425,121],{"class":67},[53,21427,383],{"class":117},[53,21429,130],{"class":67},[53,21431,21432,21434,21436,21438],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,21433,137],{"class":136},[53,21435,121],{"class":67},[53,21437,15940],{"class":117},[53,21439,130],{"class":67},[20,21441,21442],{},[30,21443,388],{},[44,21445,21447],{"className":46,"code":21446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21448,21449,21482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21450,21451,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21452,21453],{"class":117},"dict_items",[53,21455,9209],{"class":67},[53,21457,2862],{"class":71},[53,21459,4558],{"class":75},[53,21461,2862],{"class":71},[53,21463,81],{"class":67},[53,21465,19445],{"class":333},[53,21467,8784],{"class":67},[53,21469,8787],{"class":67},[53,21471,2862],{"class":71},[53,21473,4567],{"class":75},[53,21475,2862],{"class":71},[53,21477,81],{"class":67},[53,21479,13057],{"class":333},[53,21481,10229],{"class":67},[53,21483,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21485,8829],{"class":67},[53,21487,2862],{"class":71},[53,21489,4558],{"class":75},[53,21491,2862],{"class":71},[53,21493,171],{"class":67},[53,21495,19445],{"class":333},[53,21497,81],{"class":67},[53,21499,2857],{"class":71},[53,21501,4567],{"class":75},[53,21503,2862],{"class":71},[53,21505,171],{"class":67},[53,21507,13057],{"class":333},[53,21509,8860],{"class":67},[20,21511,20439],{},[39,21513,21515],{"id":21514},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21517,21518,21520,21521,21523],{},[15,21519,16626],{}," returns a ",[15,21522,21453],{}," view object.",[20,21525,1669],{},[173,21527,21528,21531,21534],{},[176,21529,21530],{},"You can loop over it",[176,21532,21533],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[176,21535,21536],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21538,316],{},[44,21540,21542],{"className":46,"code":21541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21543,21544,21576,21590,21594,21608,21612,21631,21635],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21545,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21547,8716],{"class":59},[53,21549,64],{"class":63},[53,21551,10041],{"class":67},[53,21553,72],{"class":71},[53,21555,1735],{"class":75},[53,21557,72],{"class":71},[53,21559,171],{"class":67},[53,21561,821],{"class":333},[53,21563,81],{"class":67},[53,21565,84],{"class":71},[53,21567,11296],{"class":75},[53,21569,72],{"class":71},[53,21571,171],{"class":67},[53,21573,790],{"class":333},[53,21575,8860],{"class":67},[53,21577,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21579,8766],{"class":59},[53,21581,64],{"class":63},[53,21583,14117],{"class":59},[53,21585,37],{"class":67},[53,21587,956],{"class":117},[53,21589,8192],{"class":67},[53,21591,21592],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21593,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21595,21596,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,21597,137],{"class":136},[53,21599,121],{"class":67},[53,21601,7643],{"class":1320},[53,21603,121],{"class":67},[53,21605,8813],{"class":117},[53,21607,628],{"class":67},[53,21609,21610],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,21611,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21613,21614,21616,21618,21620,21623,21625,21627,21629],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,21615,8755],{"class":59},[53,21617,1226],{"class":67},[53,21619,72],{"class":71},[53,21621,21622],{"class":75},"z",[53,21624,72],{"class":71},[53,21626,12823],{"class":67},[53,21628,12826],{"class":63},[53,21630,2135],{"class":333},[53,21632,21633],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,21634,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21636,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,21638,137],{"class":136},[53,21640,121],{"class":67},[53,21642,7643],{"class":1320},[53,21644,121],{"class":67},[53,21646,8813],{"class":117},[53,21648,628],{"class":67},[20,21650,21651],{},[30,21652,388],{},[44,21654,21656],{"className":46,"code":21655,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21657,21658,21688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21659,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21661,21285],{"class":67},[53,21663,2862],{"class":71},[53,21665,1735],{"class":75},[53,21667,2862],{"class":71},[53,21669,81],{"class":67},[53,21671,821],{"class":333},[53,21673,8784],{"class":67},[53,21675,8787],{"class":67},[53,21677,2862],{"class":71},[53,21679,11296],{"class":75},[53,21681,2862],{"class":71},[53,21683,81],{"class":67},[53,21685,790],{"class":333},[53,21687,8800],{"class":67},[53,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21691,21285],{"class":67},[53,21693,2862],{"class":71},[53,21695,1735],{"class":75},[53,21697,2862],{"class":71},[53,21699,81],{"class":67},[53,21701,821],{"class":333},[53,21703,8784],{"class":67},[53,21705,8787],{"class":67},[53,21707,2862],{"class":71},[53,21709,11296],{"class":75},[53,21711,2862],{"class":71},[53,21713,81],{"class":67},[53,21715,790],{"class":333},[53,21717,8784],{"class":67},[53,21719,8787],{"class":67},[53,21721,2862],{"class":71},[53,21723,21622],{"class":75},[53,21725,2862],{"class":71},[53,21727,81],{"class":67},[53,21729,1269],{"class":333},[53,21731,8800],{"class":67},[20,21733,21734,21735,21737],{},"This happens because ",[15,21736,8813],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[39,21739,21741,21742],{"id":21740},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21743,16626],{},[20,21745,21746,21747,171],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21748,16626],{},[44,21750,21752],{"className":46,"code":21751,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21753,21754,21807,21811,21831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21755,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21757,12415],{"class":59},[53,21759,64],{"class":63},[53,21761,10041],{"class":67},[53,21763,72],{"class":71},[53,21765,7220],{"class":75},[53,21767,72],{"class":71},[53,21769,171],{"class":67},[53,21771,84],{"class":71},[53,21773,7471],{"class":75},[53,21775,72],{"class":71},[53,21777,81],{"class":67},[53,21779,84],{"class":71},[53,21781,19438],{"class":75},[53,21783,72],{"class":71},[53,21785,171],{"class":67},[53,21787,84],{"class":71},[53,21789,21790],{"class":75},"A",[53,21792,72],{"class":71},[53,21794,81],{"class":67},[53,21796,84],{"class":71},[53,21798,8850],{"class":75},[53,21800,72],{"class":71},[53,21802,171],{"class":67},[53,21804,13408],{"class":333},[53,21806,8860],{"class":67},[53,21808,21809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21810,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21812,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21814,5510],{"class":1041},[53,21816,21124],{"class":59},[53,21818,81],{"class":67},[53,21820,21129],{"class":59},[53,21822,1048],{"class":1041},[53,21824,12458],{"class":59},[53,21826,37],{"class":67},[53,21828,956],{"class":117},[53,21830,21140],{"class":67},[53,21832,21833,21835,21837,21840,21842,21844,21846,21849,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,21834,1058],{"class":136},[53,21836,121],{"class":67},[53,21838,21839],{"class":1627},"f",[53,21841,72],{"class":75},[53,21843,8829],{"class":333},[53,21845,14392],{"class":117},[53,21847,21848],{"class":333},"}",[53,21850,21851],{"class":75},": ",[53,21853,8829],{"class":333},[53,21855,224],{"class":117},[53,21857,21848],{"class":333},[53,21859,72],{"class":75},[53,21861,130],{"class":67},[20,21863,21864],{},[30,21865,388],{},[44,21867,21869],{"className":46,"code":21868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21870,21871,21880,21889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21872,21873,21875,21877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21874,7220],{"class":59},[53,21876,171],{"class":67},[53,21878,21879],{"class":59}," Mia\n",[53,21881,21882,21884,21886],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21883,19438],{"class":59},[53,21885,171],{"class":67},[53,21887,21888],{"class":59}," A\n",[53,21890,21891,21893,21895],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21892,8850],{"class":59},[53,21894,171],{"class":67},[53,21896,21897],{"class":333}," 14\n",[20,21899,21900],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[44,21902,21904],{"className":46,"code":21903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21905,21906,21958,21962,21974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21907,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21909,12415],{"class":59},[53,21911,64],{"class":63},[53,21913,10041],{"class":67},[53,21915,72],{"class":71},[53,21917,7220],{"class":75},[53,21919,72],{"class":71},[53,21921,171],{"class":67},[53,21923,84],{"class":71},[53,21925,7471],{"class":75},[53,21927,72],{"class":71},[53,21929,81],{"class":67},[53,21931,84],{"class":71},[53,21933,19438],{"class":75},[53,21935,72],{"class":71},[53,21937,171],{"class":67},[53,21939,84],{"class":71},[53,21941,21790],{"class":75},[53,21943,72],{"class":71},[53,21945,81],{"class":67},[53,21947,84],{"class":71},[53,21949,8850],{"class":75},[53,21951,72],{"class":71},[53,21953,171],{"class":67},[53,21955,13408],{"class":333},[53,21957,8860],{"class":67},[53,21959,21960],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21961,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,21963,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,21965,5510],{"class":1041},[53,21967,17756],{"class":59},[53,21969,1048],{"class":1041},[53,21971,12458],{"class":59},[53,21973,1053],{"class":67},[53,21975,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,21977,1058],{"class":136},[53,21979,121],{"class":67},[53,21981,21839],{"class":1627},[53,21983,72],{"class":75},[53,21985,8829],{"class":333},[53,21987,14392],{"class":117},[53,21989,21848],{"class":333},[53,21991,21851],{"class":75},[53,21993,8829],{"class":333},[53,21995,13176],{"class":117},[53,21997,1226],{"class":67},[53,21999,14392],{"class":117},[53,22001,12823],{"class":67},[53,22003,21848],{"class":333},[53,22005,72],{"class":75},[53,22007,130],{"class":67},[20,22009,6062,22010,22013],{},[15,22011,22012],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22015,22016,22017,37],{},"For a full guide, see ",[195,22018,22020],{"href":22019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[39,22022,22024],{"id":22023},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22026,22027],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[44,22029,22031],{"className":46,"code":22030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22032,22033,22092,22096,22116,22120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22034,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22070,22072,22074,22076,22079,22081,22083,22085,22088,22090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22036,561],{"class":59},[53,22038,64],{"class":63},[53,22040,10041],{"class":67},[53,22042,72],{"class":71},[53,22044,76],{"class":75},[53,22046,72],{"class":71},[53,22048,171],{"class":67},[53,22050,84],{"class":71},[53,22052,570],{"class":75},[53,22054,72],{"class":71},[53,22056,81],{"class":67},[53,22058,84],{"class":71},[53,22060,87],{"class":75},[53,22062,72],{"class":71},[53,22064,171],{"class":67},[53,22066,84],{"class":71},[53,22068,22069],{"class":75},"yellow",[53,22071,72],{"class":71},[53,22073,81],{"class":67},[53,22075,84],{"class":71},[53,22077,22078],{"class":75},"grape",[53,22080,72],{"class":71},[53,22082,171],{"class":67},[53,22084,84],{"class":71},[53,22086,22087],{"class":75},"purple",[53,22089,72],{"class":71},[53,22091,8860],{"class":67},[53,22093,22094],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22095,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22097,22098,22101,22103,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22099,22100],{"class":59},"pairs_list ",[53,22102,64],{"class":63},[53,22104,22105],{"class":1320}," list",[53,22107,121],{"class":67},[53,22109,613],{"class":117},[53,22111,37],{"class":67},[53,22113,956],{"class":117},[53,22115,6745],{"class":67},[53,22117,22118],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22119,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22121,22122,22124,22126,22129],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,22123,137],{"class":136},[53,22125,121],{"class":67},[53,22127,22128],{"class":117},"pairs_list",[53,22130,130],{"class":67},[20,22132,22133],{},[30,22134,388],{},[44,22136,22138],{"className":46,"code":22137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22139,22140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22141,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22143,21285],{"class":67},[53,22145,2862],{"class":71},[53,22147,76],{"class":75},[53,22149,2862],{"class":71},[53,22151,81],{"class":67},[53,22153,2857],{"class":71},[53,22155,570],{"class":75},[53,22157,2862],{"class":71},[53,22159,8784],{"class":67},[53,22161,8787],{"class":67},[53,22163,2862],{"class":71},[53,22165,87],{"class":75},[53,22167,2862],{"class":71},[53,22169,81],{"class":67},[53,22171,2857],{"class":71},[53,22173,22069],{"class":75},[53,22175,2862],{"class":71},[53,22177,8784],{"class":67},[53,22179,8787],{"class":67},[53,22181,2862],{"class":71},[53,22183,22078],{"class":75},[53,22185,2862],{"class":71},[53,22187,81],{"class":67},[53,22189,2857],{"class":71},[53,22191,22087],{"class":75},[53,22193,2862],{"class":71},[53,22195,8800],{"class":67},[20,22197,22198],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22200,22201],{},"Use this when:",[173,22203,22204,22207,22210],{},[176,22205,22206],{},"You want clearer printed output",[176,22208,22209],{},"You need list behavior",[176,22211,22212],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[39,22214,22216,10136,22218,10136,22220],{"id":22215},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22217,16626],{},[15,22219,16614],{},[15,22221,16620],{},[20,22223,22224],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[173,22226,22227,22232,22237],{},[176,22228,22229,22231],{},[15,22230,16626],{}," gives both key and value",[176,22233,22234,22236],{},[15,22235,16614],{}," gives only keys",[176,22238,22239,22241],{},[15,22240,16620],{}," gives only values",[20,22243,316],{},[44,22245,22247],{"className":46,"code":22246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22248,22249,22285,22289,22307,22325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22250,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22252,12754],{"class":59},[53,22254,64],{"class":63},[53,22256,10041],{"class":67},[53,22258,72],{"class":71},[53,22260,7220],{"class":75},[53,22262,72],{"class":71},[53,22264,171],{"class":67},[53,22266,84],{"class":71},[53,22268,12432],{"class":75},[53,22270,72],{"class":71},[53,22272,81],{"class":67},[53,22274,84],{"class":71},[53,22276,8850],{"class":75},[53,22278,72],{"class":71},[53,22280,171],{"class":67},[53,22282,8857],{"class":333},[53,22284,8860],{"class":67},[53,22286,22287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22288,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22290,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22292,137],{"class":136},[53,22294,121],{"class":67},[53,22296,7643],{"class":1320},[53,22298,121],{"class":67},[53,22300,16855],{"class":117},[53,22302,37],{"class":67},[53,22304,16473],{"class":117},[53,22306,5842],{"class":67},[53,22308,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22310,137],{"class":136},[53,22312,121],{"class":67},[53,22314,7643],{"class":1320},[53,22316,121],{"class":67},[53,22318,16855],{"class":117},[53,22320,37],{"class":67},[53,22322,4911],{"class":117},[53,22324,5842],{"class":67},[53,22326,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,22328,137],{"class":136},[53,22330,121],{"class":67},[53,22332,7643],{"class":1320},[53,22334,121],{"class":67},[53,22336,16855],{"class":117},[53,22338,37],{"class":67},[53,22340,956],{"class":117},[53,22342,5842],{"class":67},[20,22344,22345],{},[30,22346,388],{},[44,22348,22350],{"className":46,"code":22349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22351,22352,22372,22388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22353,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22355,1226],{"class":67},[53,22357,2862],{"class":71},[53,22359,7220],{"class":75},[53,22361,2862],{"class":71},[53,22363,81],{"class":67},[53,22365,2857],{"class":71},[53,22367,8850],{"class":75},[53,22369,2862],{"class":71},[53,22371,101],{"class":67},[53,22373,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22375,1226],{"class":67},[53,22377,2862],{"class":71},[53,22379,12432],{"class":75},[53,22381,2862],{"class":71},[53,22383,81],{"class":67},[53,22385,8857],{"class":333},[53,22387,101],{"class":67},[53,22389,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22391,21285],{"class":67},[53,22393,2862],{"class":71},[53,22395,7220],{"class":75},[53,22397,2862],{"class":71},[53,22399,81],{"class":67},[53,22401,2857],{"class":71},[53,22403,12432],{"class":75},[53,22405,2862],{"class":71},[53,22407,8784],{"class":67},[53,22409,8787],{"class":67},[53,22411,2862],{"class":71},[53,22413,8850],{"class":75},[53,22415,2862],{"class":71},[53,22417,81],{"class":67},[53,22419,8857],{"class":333},[53,22421,8800],{"class":67},[20,22423,22424],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[173,22426,22427,22435,22443],{},[176,22428,22429,22430],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[195,22431,22433],{"href":22432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22434,16614],{},[176,22436,22437,22438],{},"Need just values? Use ",[195,22439,22441],{"href":22440},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22442,16620],{},[176,22444,22445,22446],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22447,16626],{},[39,22449,1391,22451],{"id":22450},"when-to-use-items",[15,22452,16626],{},[20,22454,22455,22457],{},[15,22456,16626],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[173,22459,22460,22463,22466,22469,22472],{},[176,22461,22462],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[176,22464,22465],{},"Building formatted output",[176,22467,22468],{},"Looping through settings and values",[176,22470,22471],{},"Showing names with scores",[176,22473,22474],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22476,316],{},[44,22478,22480],{"className":46,"code":22479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22481,22482,22490,22508,22527,22539,22543,22547,22568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22483,22484,22486,22488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22485,13376],{"class":59},[53,22487,64],{"class":63},[53,22489,11043],{"class":67},[53,22491,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22493,11048],{"class":71},[53,22495,12046],{"class":75},[53,22497,72],{"class":71},[53,22499,171],{"class":67},[53,22501,84],{"class":71},[53,22503,12055],{"class":75},[53,22505,72],{"class":71},[53,22507,11064],{"class":67},[53,22509,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22523,22525],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22511,11048],{"class":71},[53,22513,19670],{"class":75},[53,22515,72],{"class":71},[53,22517,171],{"class":67},[53,22519,84],{"class":71},[53,22521,22522],{"class":75},"English",[53,22524,72],{"class":71},[53,22526,11064],{"class":67},[53,22528,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22530,11048],{"class":71},[53,22532,18072],{"class":75},[53,22534,72],{"class":71},[53,22536,171],{"class":67},[53,22538,5974],{"class":3413},[53,22540,22541],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,22542,8860],{"class":67},[53,22544,22545],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,22546,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22548,22549,22551,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,22550,5510],{"class":1041},[53,22552,22553],{"class":59}," setting",[53,22555,81],{"class":67},[53,22557,21129],{"class":59},[53,22559,1048],{"class":1041},[53,22561,13420],{"class":59},[53,22563,37],{"class":67},[53,22565,956],{"class":117},[53,22567,21140],{"class":67},[53,22569,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22583,22585,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,22571,1058],{"class":136},[53,22573,121],{"class":67},[53,22575,21839],{"class":1627},[53,22577,72],{"class":75},[53,22579,8829],{"class":333},[53,22581,22582],{"class":117},"setting",[53,22584,21848],{"class":333},[53,22586,22587],{"class":75}," = ",[53,22589,8829],{"class":333},[53,22591,224],{"class":117},[53,22593,21848],{"class":333},[53,22595,72],{"class":75},[53,22597,130],{"class":67},[20,22599,22600],{},[30,22601,388],{},[44,22603,22605],{"className":46,"code":22604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22606,22607,22617,22627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22608,22609,22612,22614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22610,22611],{"class":59},"theme ",[53,22613,64],{"class":63},[53,22615,22616],{"class":59}," dark\n",[53,22618,22619,22622,22624],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22620,22621],{"class":59},"language ",[53,22623,64],{"class":63},[53,22625,22626],{"class":59}," English\n",[53,22628,22629,22632,22634],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22630,22631],{"class":59},"notifications ",[53,22633,64],{"class":63},[53,22635,5974],{"class":3413},[39,22637,2389],{"id":2388},[20,22639,22640,22641,37],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22642,16626],{},[1418,22644,22646,22647,22649],{"id":22645},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22648,16626],{}," incorrectly",[20,22651,22652,22653,22655,22656,22659],{},"Each result from ",[15,22654,16626],{}," has ",[30,22657,22658],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22661,6239],{},[44,22663,22664],{"className":46,"code":21075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,22665,22666,22702,22706,22726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22667,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22669,12754],{"class":59},[53,22671,64],{"class":63},[53,22673,10041],{"class":67},[53,22675,72],{"class":71},[53,22677,7220],{"class":75},[53,22679,72],{"class":71},[53,22681,171],{"class":67},[53,22683,84],{"class":71},[53,22685,12432],{"class":75},[53,22687,72],{"class":71},[53,22689,81],{"class":67},[53,22691,84],{"class":71},[53,22693,8850],{"class":75},[53,22695,72],{"class":71},[53,22697,171],{"class":67},[53,22699,8857],{"class":333},[53,22701,8860],{"class":67},[53,22703,22704],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22705,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22707,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22709,5510],{"class":1041},[53,22711,21124],{"class":59},[53,22713,81],{"class":67},[53,22715,21129],{"class":59},[53,22717,1048],{"class":1041},[53,22719,12797],{"class":59},[53,22721,37],{"class":67},[53,22723,956],{"class":117},[53,22725,21140],{"class":67},[53,22727,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22729,1058],{"class":136},[53,22731,121],{"class":67},[53,22733,14392],{"class":117},[53,22735,81],{"class":67},[53,22737,7981],{"class":117},[53,22739,130],{"class":67},[20,22741,22742],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[44,22744,22746],{"className":46,"code":22745,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22747,22748,22784,22788,22804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22749,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22751,12754],{"class":59},[53,22753,64],{"class":63},[53,22755,10041],{"class":67},[53,22757,72],{"class":71},[53,22759,7220],{"class":75},[53,22761,72],{"class":71},[53,22763,171],{"class":67},[53,22765,84],{"class":71},[53,22767,12432],{"class":75},[53,22769,72],{"class":71},[53,22771,81],{"class":67},[53,22773,84],{"class":71},[53,22775,8850],{"class":75},[53,22777,72],{"class":71},[53,22779,171],{"class":67},[53,22781,8857],{"class":333},[53,22783,8860],{"class":67},[53,22785,22786],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22787,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22789,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22791,5510],{"class":1041},[53,22793,17756],{"class":59},[53,22795,1048],{"class":1041},[53,22797,12797],{"class":59},[53,22799,37],{"class":67},[53,22801,956],{"class":117},[53,22803,21140],{"class":67},[53,22805,22806,22808,22810,22812],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22807,1058],{"class":136},[53,22809,121],{"class":67},[53,22811,14392],{"class":117},[53,22813,130],{"class":67},[20,22815,22816,22817,22819,22820,22823],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22818,14392],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22821,22822],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22825,22826],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[44,22828,22830],{"className":46,"code":22829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22831,22832,22848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22835,5510],{"class":1041},[53,22837,5513],{"class":59},[53,22839,1048],{"class":1041},[53,22841,12797],{"class":59},[53,22843,37],{"class":67},[53,22845,956],{"class":117},[53,22847,21140],{"class":67},[53,22849,22850,22852,22854,22857],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22851,1058],{"class":136},[53,22853,121],{"class":67},[53,22855,22856],{"class":117},"item",[53,22858,130],{"class":67},[20,22860,22861],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[44,22863,22865],{"className":46,"code":22864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22866,22867,22887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22868,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22870,5510],{"class":1041},[53,22872,21124],{"class":59},[53,22874,81],{"class":67},[53,22876,21129],{"class":59},[53,22878,1048],{"class":1041},[53,22880,12797],{"class":59},[53,22882,37],{"class":67},[53,22884,956],{"class":117},[53,22886,21140],{"class":67},[53,22888,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22890,1058],{"class":136},[53,22892,121],{"class":67},[53,22894,14392],{"class":117},[53,22896,81],{"class":67},[53,22898,7981],{"class":117},[53,22900,130],{"class":67},[1418,22902,8001,22904,22906],{"id":22903},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22905,16626],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22908,22909,21520,22911,22913],{},[15,22910,16626],{},[15,22912,21453],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22915,22916],{},"Check it:",[44,22918,22920],{"className":46,"code":22919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22921,22922,22954,22958,22972,22990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22923,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22925,11275],{"class":59},[53,22927,64],{"class":63},[53,22929,10041],{"class":67},[53,22931,72],{"class":71},[53,22933,195],{"class":75},[53,22935,72],{"class":71},[53,22937,171],{"class":67},[53,22939,821],{"class":333},[53,22941,81],{"class":67},[53,22943,84],{"class":71},[53,22945,704],{"class":75},[53,22947,72],{"class":71},[53,22949,171],{"class":67},[53,22951,790],{"class":333},[53,22953,8860],{"class":67},[53,22955,22956],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22957,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,22959,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,22961,137],{"class":136},[53,22963,121],{"class":67},[53,22965,10999],{"class":117},[53,22967,37],{"class":67},[53,22969,956],{"class":117},[53,22971,6745],{"class":67},[53,22973,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,22975,137],{"class":136},[53,22977,121],{"class":67},[53,22979,1321],{"class":1320},[53,22981,121],{"class":67},[53,22983,10999],{"class":117},[53,22985,37],{"class":67},[53,22987,956],{"class":117},[53,22989,5842],{"class":67},[53,22991,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,22993,137],{"class":136},[53,22995,121],{"class":67},[53,22997,7643],{"class":1320},[53,22999,121],{"class":67},[53,23001,10999],{"class":117},[53,23003,37],{"class":67},[53,23005,956],{"class":117},[53,23007,5842],{"class":67},[20,23009,23010],{},[30,23011,388],{},[44,23013,23015],{"className":46,"code":23014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23016,23017,23049,23063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23018,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23020,21453],{"class":117},[53,23022,9209],{"class":67},[53,23024,2862],{"class":71},[53,23026,195],{"class":75},[53,23028,2862],{"class":71},[53,23030,81],{"class":67},[53,23032,821],{"class":333},[53,23034,8784],{"class":67},[53,23036,8787],{"class":67},[53,23038,2862],{"class":71},[53,23040,704],{"class":75},[53,23042,2862],{"class":71},[53,23044,81],{"class":67},[53,23046,790],{"class":333},[53,23048,10229],{"class":67},[53,23050,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23052,2851],{"class":63},[53,23054,2854],{"class":1627},[53,23056,2857],{"class":71},[53,23058,21453],{"class":75},[53,23060,2862],{"class":71},[53,23062,2865],{"class":63},[53,23064,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23066,21285],{"class":67},[53,23068,2862],{"class":71},[53,23070,195],{"class":75},[53,23072,2862],{"class":71},[53,23074,81],{"class":67},[53,23076,821],{"class":333},[53,23078,8784],{"class":67},[53,23080,8787],{"class":67},[53,23082,2862],{"class":71},[53,23084,704],{"class":75},[53,23086,2862],{"class":71},[53,23088,81],{"class":67},[53,23090,790],{"class":333},[53,23092,8800],{"class":67},[1418,23094,23096,23097],{"id":23095},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23098,16626],{},[20,23100,23101],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23103,23104],{},"Problem example:",[44,23106,23108],{"className":46,"code":23107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23109,23110,23154,23158,23178,23190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23111,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23113,326],{"class":59},[53,23115,64],{"class":63},[53,23117,10041],{"class":67},[53,23119,72],{"class":71},[53,23121,195],{"class":75},[53,23123,72],{"class":71},[53,23125,171],{"class":67},[53,23127,821],{"class":333},[53,23129,81],{"class":67},[53,23131,84],{"class":71},[53,23133,704],{"class":75},[53,23135,72],{"class":71},[53,23137,171],{"class":67},[53,23139,790],{"class":333},[53,23141,81],{"class":67},[53,23143,84],{"class":71},[53,23145,713],{"class":75},[53,23147,72],{"class":71},[53,23149,171],{"class":67},[53,23151,1269],{"class":333},[53,23153,8860],{"class":67},[53,23155,23156],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23157,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23159,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23161,5510],{"class":1041},[53,23163,21124],{"class":59},[53,23165,81],{"class":67},[53,23167,21129],{"class":59},[53,23169,1048],{"class":1041},[53,23171,356],{"class":59},[53,23173,37],{"class":67},[53,23175,956],{"class":117},[53,23177,21140],{"class":67},[53,23179,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,23181,5950],{"class":1041},[53,23183,21129],{"class":59},[53,23185,4245],{"class":63},[53,23187,790],{"class":333},[53,23189,1053],{"class":67},[53,23191,23192,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,23193,23194],{"class":59},"        numbers",[53,23196,1226],{"class":67},[53,23198,72],{"class":71},[53,23200,730],{"class":75},[53,23202,72],{"class":71},[53,23204,12823],{"class":67},[53,23206,12826],{"class":63},[53,23208,23209],{"class":333}," 4\n",[20,23211,23212],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23214,23215],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[44,23217,23219],{"className":46,"code":23218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23220,23221,23265,23269,23294,23306,23324,23328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23222,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23224,326],{"class":59},[53,23226,64],{"class":63},[53,23228,10041],{"class":67},[53,23230,72],{"class":71},[53,23232,195],{"class":75},[53,23234,72],{"class":71},[53,23236,171],{"class":67},[53,23238,821],{"class":333},[53,23240,81],{"class":67},[53,23242,84],{"class":71},[53,23244,704],{"class":75},[53,23246,72],{"class":71},[53,23248,171],{"class":67},[53,23250,790],{"class":333},[53,23252,81],{"class":67},[53,23254,84],{"class":71},[53,23256,713],{"class":75},[53,23258,72],{"class":71},[53,23260,171],{"class":67},[53,23262,1269],{"class":333},[53,23264,8860],{"class":67},[53,23266,23267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23268,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23270,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23272,5510],{"class":1041},[53,23274,21124],{"class":59},[53,23276,81],{"class":67},[53,23278,21129],{"class":59},[53,23280,1048],{"class":1041},[53,23282,22105],{"class":1320},[53,23284,121],{"class":67},[53,23286,3209],{"class":117},[53,23288,37],{"class":67},[53,23290,956],{"class":117},[53,23292,23293],{"class":67},"()):\n",[53,23295,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,23297,5950],{"class":1041},[53,23299,21129],{"class":59},[53,23301,4245],{"class":63},[53,23303,790],{"class":333},[53,23305,1053],{"class":67},[53,23307,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,23309,23194],{"class":59},[53,23311,1226],{"class":67},[53,23313,72],{"class":71},[53,23315,730],{"class":75},[53,23317,72],{"class":71},[53,23319,12823],{"class":67},[53,23321,12826],{"class":63},[53,23323,23209],{"class":333},[53,23325,23326],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,23327,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23329,23330,23332,23334,23336],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,23331,137],{"class":136},[53,23333,121],{"class":67},[53,23335,3209],{"class":117},[53,23337,130],{"class":67},[1418,23339,23341],{"id":23340},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23343,23344],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[44,23346,23348],{"className":46,"code":23347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23349,23350,23382,23386,23402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23351,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23353,8716],{"class":59},[53,23355,64],{"class":63},[53,23357,10041],{"class":67},[53,23359,72],{"class":71},[53,23361,1735],{"class":75},[53,23363,72],{"class":71},[53,23365,171],{"class":67},[53,23367,5556],{"class":333},[53,23369,81],{"class":67},[53,23371,84],{"class":71},[53,23373,11296],{"class":75},[53,23375,72],{"class":71},[53,23377,171],{"class":67},[53,23379,339],{"class":333},[53,23381,8860],{"class":67},[53,23383,23384],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23385,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23387,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23389,5510],{"class":1041},[53,23391,5513],{"class":59},[53,23393,1048],{"class":1041},[53,23395,14117],{"class":59},[53,23397,37],{"class":67},[53,23399,956],{"class":117},[53,23401,21140],{"class":67},[53,23403,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,23405,1058],{"class":136},[53,23407,121],{"class":67},[53,23409,22856],{"class":117},[53,23411,130],{"class":67},[20,23413,23414],{},[30,23415,388],{},[44,23417,23419],{"className":46,"code":23418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23420,23421,23437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23422,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23424,121],{"class":67},[53,23426,2862],{"class":71},[53,23428,1735],{"class":75},[53,23430,2862],{"class":71},[53,23432,81],{"class":67},[53,23434,5556],{"class":333},[53,23436,130],{"class":67},[53,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23440,121],{"class":67},[53,23442,2862],{"class":71},[53,23444,11296],{"class":75},[53,23446,2862],{"class":71},[53,23448,81],{"class":67},[53,23450,339],{"class":333},[53,23452,130],{"class":67},[20,23454,23455,23456,23458],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23457,21200],{}," pair.",[39,23460,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,23462,23464,23465,1424],{"id":23463},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23466,16626],{},[20,23468,16970,23469,23471],{},[15,23470,21453],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1418,23473,1431,23475,23477],{"id":23474},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23476,16626],{}," return a list?",[20,23479,23480,23481,23484],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23482,23483],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1418,23486,23488,23489,1459],{"id":23487},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23490,16626],{},[20,23492,23493],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[44,23495,23497],{"className":46,"code":23496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23498,23499,23519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23500,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23502,5510],{"class":1041},[53,23504,21124],{"class":59},[53,23506,81],{"class":67},[53,23508,21129],{"class":59},[53,23510,1048],{"class":1041},[53,23512,11317],{"class":59},[53,23514,37],{"class":67},[53,23516,956],{"class":117},[53,23518,21140],{"class":67},[53,23520,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23522,1058],{"class":136},[53,23524,121],{"class":67},[53,23526,14392],{"class":117},[53,23528,81],{"class":67},[53,23530,7981],{"class":117},[53,23532,130],{"class":67},[1418,23534,1431,23536,23538],{"id":23535},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23537,16626],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23540,23541],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[39,23543,1471],{"id":1470},[173,23545,23546,23552,23558,23563,23567],{},[176,23547,23548],{},[195,23549,10287,23550,660],{"href":22432},[15,23551,16614],{},[176,23553,23554],{},[195,23555,10287,23556,660],{"href":22440},[15,23557,16620],{},[176,23559,23560],{},[195,23561,23562],{"href":22019},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[176,23564,23565],{},[195,23566,8706],{"href":12575},[176,23568,23569],{},[195,23570,23571],{"href":21323},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1494,23573,23574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":23576},[23577,23578,23580,23581,23582,23584,23585,23587,23589,23598,23608],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":21183,"depth":104,"text":23579},"What items() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":21514,"depth":104,"text":21515},{"id":21740,"depth":104,"text":23583},"Looping with items()",{"id":22023,"depth":104,"text":22024},{"id":22215,"depth":104,"text":23586},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22450,"depth":104,"text":23588},"When to use items()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":23590},[23591,23593,23595,23597],{"id":22645,"depth":133,"text":23592},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22903,"depth":133,"text":23594},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23095,"depth":133,"text":23596},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23340,"depth":133,"text":23341},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":23599},[23600,23602,23604,23606],{"id":23463,"depth":133,"text":23601},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23474,"depth":133,"text":23603},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23487,"depth":133,"text":23605},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23535,"depth":133,"text":23607},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21051,"description":23609},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23616,"title":23617,"body":23618,"description":25707,"extension":1524,"meta":25708,"navigation":372,"path":22432,"seo":25709,"stem":25710,"__hash__":25711},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23619,"toc":25673},[23620,23625,23631,23634,23645,23652,23654,23737,23741,23788,23793,23798,23803,23805,23821,23823,23922,23926,23983,23986,23988,23991,24084,24088,24151,24154,24170,24175,24177,24179,24194,24196,24207,24209,24252,24255,24298,24301,24303,24310,24313,24330,24332,24425,24429,24470,24482,24486,24489,24577,24581,24601,24604,24631,24638,24643,24647,24658,24660,24764,24768,24794,24797,24864,24869,24872,24895,24900,24904,24909,24915,24920,24922,24977,24981,25008,25015,25021,25024,25049,25055,25081,25084,25159,25166,25171,25173,25212,25230,25234,25237,25280,25283,25285,25304,25306,25311,25335,25338,25408,25411,25484,25488,25490,25551,25554,25570,25572,25577,25582,25589,25598,25604,25610,25617,25623,25627,25632,25634,25670],[10,23621,10868,23623,18],{"id":23622},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23624,16614],{},[20,23626,23627,23628,23630],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23629,16614],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23632,23633],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[173,23635,23636,23639,23642],{},[176,23637,23638],{},"view the available keys",[176,23640,23641],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[176,23643,23644],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23646,23647,23649,23650,37],{},[15,23648,16614],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23651,16564],{},[39,23653,1566],{"id":1565},[44,23655,23657],{"className":46,"code":23656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23658,23659,23695,23709,23713,23723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23660,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23662,12415],{"class":59},[53,23664,64],{"class":63},[53,23666,10041],{"class":67},[53,23668,72],{"class":71},[53,23670,7220],{"class":75},[53,23672,72],{"class":71},[53,23674,171],{"class":67},[53,23676,84],{"class":71},[53,23678,12432],{"class":75},[53,23680,72],{"class":71},[53,23682,81],{"class":67},[53,23684,84],{"class":71},[53,23686,8850],{"class":75},[53,23688,72],{"class":71},[53,23690,171],{"class":67},[53,23692,339],{"class":333},[53,23694,8860],{"class":67},[53,23696,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23698,16790],{"class":59},[53,23700,64],{"class":63},[53,23702,12458],{"class":59},[53,23704,37],{"class":67},[53,23706,16473],{"class":117},[53,23708,8192],{"class":67},[53,23710,23711],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23712,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23714,23715,23717,23719,23721],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,23716,137],{"class":136},[53,23718,121],{"class":67},[53,23720,16473],{"class":117},[53,23722,130],{"class":67},[53,23724,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,23726,137],{"class":136},[53,23728,121],{"class":67},[53,23730,7643],{"class":1320},[53,23732,121],{"class":67},[53,23734,16473],{"class":117},[53,23736,628],{"class":67},[20,23738,23739],{},[30,23740,388],{},[44,23742,23744],{"className":46,"code":23743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23745,23746,23768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23747,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23749,16564],{"class":117},[53,23751,2546],{"class":67},[53,23753,2862],{"class":71},[53,23755,7220],{"class":75},[53,23757,2862],{"class":71},[53,23759,81],{"class":67},[53,23761,2857],{"class":71},[53,23763,8850],{"class":75},[53,23765,2862],{"class":71},[53,23767,3449],{"class":67},[53,23769,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23771,1226],{"class":67},[53,23773,2862],{"class":71},[53,23775,7220],{"class":75},[53,23777,2862],{"class":71},[53,23779,81],{"class":67},[53,23781,2857],{"class":71},[53,23783,8850],{"class":75},[53,23785,2862],{"class":71},[53,23787,101],{"class":67},[20,23789,152,23790,23792],{},[15,23791,16614],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[39,23794,163,23796,166],{"id":23795},"what-keys-does",[15,23797,16614],{},[20,23799,23800,23802],{},[15,23801,16614],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23804,11008],{},[173,23806,23807,23810,23813,23818],{},[176,23808,23809],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[176,23811,23812],{},"It does not need any arguments",[176,23814,16970,23815,23817],{},[15,23816,16564],{}," view object, not a list",[176,23819,23820],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23822,316],{},[44,23824,23826],{"className":46,"code":23825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23827,23828,23864,23868,23882,23886,23908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23829,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23831,12754],{"class":59},[53,23833,64],{"class":63},[53,23835,10041],{"class":67},[53,23837,72],{"class":71},[53,23839,7220],{"class":75},[53,23841,72],{"class":71},[53,23843,171],{"class":67},[53,23845,84],{"class":71},[53,23847,12771],{"class":75},[53,23849,72],{"class":71},[53,23851,81],{"class":67},[53,23853,84],{"class":71},[53,23855,8850],{"class":75},[53,23857,72],{"class":71},[53,23859,171],{"class":67},[53,23861,8857],{"class":333},[53,23863,8860],{"class":67},[53,23865,23866],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23867,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23869,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,23871,137],{"class":136},[53,23873,121],{"class":67},[53,23875,16855],{"class":117},[53,23877,37],{"class":67},[53,23879,16473],{"class":117},[53,23881,6745],{"class":67},[53,23883,23884],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,23885,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,23887,23888,23890,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,23889,16855],{"class":59},[53,23891,1226],{"class":67},[53,23893,72],{"class":71},[53,23895,9959],{"class":75},[53,23897,72],{"class":71},[53,23899,12823],{"class":67},[53,23901,12826],{"class":63},[53,23903,84],{"class":71},[53,23905,9966],{"class":75},[53,23907,1032],{"class":71},[53,23909,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,23911,137],{"class":136},[53,23913,121],{"class":67},[53,23915,16855],{"class":117},[53,23917,37],{"class":67},[53,23919,16473],{"class":117},[53,23921,6745],{"class":67},[20,23923,23924],{},[30,23925,388],{},[44,23927,23929],{"className":46,"code":23928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23930,23931,23953],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23932,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23934,16564],{"class":117},[53,23936,2546],{"class":67},[53,23938,2862],{"class":71},[53,23940,7220],{"class":75},[53,23942,2862],{"class":71},[53,23944,81],{"class":67},[53,23946,2857],{"class":71},[53,23948,8850],{"class":75},[53,23950,2862],{"class":71},[53,23952,3449],{"class":67},[53,23954,23955,23957,23959,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23956,16564],{"class":117},[53,23958,2546],{"class":67},[53,23960,2862],{"class":71},[53,23962,7220],{"class":75},[53,23964,2862],{"class":71},[53,23966,81],{"class":67},[53,23968,2857],{"class":71},[53,23970,8850],{"class":75},[53,23972,2862],{"class":71},[53,23974,81],{"class":67},[53,23976,2857],{"class":71},[53,23978,9959],{"class":75},[53,23980,2862],{"class":71},[53,23982,3449],{"class":67},[20,23984,23985],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[39,23987,5339],{"id":5338},[20,23989,23990],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[44,23992,23994],{"className":46,"code":23993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23995,23996,24048,24052,24066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23997,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044,24046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23999,8716],{"class":59},[53,24001,64],{"class":63},[53,24003,10041],{"class":67},[53,24005,72],{"class":71},[53,24007,7220],{"class":75},[53,24009,72],{"class":71},[53,24011,171],{"class":67},[53,24013,84],{"class":71},[53,24015,12432],{"class":75},[53,24017,72],{"class":71},[53,24019,81],{"class":67},[53,24021,84],{"class":71},[53,24023,8850],{"class":75},[53,24025,72],{"class":71},[53,24027,171],{"class":67},[53,24029,339],{"class":333},[53,24031,81],{"class":67},[53,24033,84],{"class":71},[53,24035,19438],{"class":75},[53,24037,72],{"class":71},[53,24039,171],{"class":67},[53,24041,84],{"class":71},[53,24043,21790],{"class":75},[53,24045,72],{"class":71},[53,24047,8860],{"class":67},[53,24049,24050],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24051,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24053,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062,24064],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24055,137],{"class":136},[53,24057,121],{"class":67},[53,24059,8755],{"class":117},[53,24061,37],{"class":67},[53,24063,16473],{"class":117},[53,24065,6745],{"class":67},[53,24067,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,24069,137],{"class":136},[53,24071,121],{"class":67},[53,24073,7643],{"class":1320},[53,24075,121],{"class":67},[53,24077,8755],{"class":117},[53,24079,37],{"class":67},[53,24081,16473],{"class":117},[53,24083,5842],{"class":67},[20,24085,24086],{},[30,24087,388],{},[44,24089,24091],{"className":46,"code":24090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24092,24093,24123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24094,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24096,16564],{"class":117},[53,24098,2546],{"class":67},[53,24100,2862],{"class":71},[53,24102,7220],{"class":75},[53,24104,2862],{"class":71},[53,24106,81],{"class":67},[53,24108,2857],{"class":71},[53,24110,8850],{"class":75},[53,24112,2862],{"class":71},[53,24114,81],{"class":67},[53,24116,2857],{"class":71},[53,24118,19438],{"class":75},[53,24120,2862],{"class":71},[53,24122,3449],{"class":67},[53,24124,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24126,1226],{"class":67},[53,24128,2862],{"class":71},[53,24130,7220],{"class":75},[53,24132,2862],{"class":71},[53,24134,81],{"class":67},[53,24136,2857],{"class":71},[53,24138,8850],{"class":75},[53,24140,2862],{"class":71},[53,24142,81],{"class":67},[53,24144,2857],{"class":71},[53,24146,19438],{"class":75},[53,24148,2862],{"class":71},[53,24150,101],{"class":67},[20,24152,24153],{},"This shows two things:",[173,24155,24156,24164],{},[176,24157,24158,21520,24161,24163],{},[15,24159,24160],{},"data.keys()",[15,24162,16564],{}," object",[176,24165,24166,24169],{},[15,24167,24168],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24171,8702,24172,37],{},[195,24173,24174],{"href":8942},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[39,24176,4983],{"id":4982},[20,24178,1721],{},[44,24180,24182],{"className":46,"code":24181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24183,24184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24185,24186,24188,24190,24192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24187,10999],{"class":59},[53,24189,37],{"class":67},[53,24191,16473],{"class":117},[53,24193,8192],{"class":67},[20,24195,21345],{},[173,24197,24198,24201,24204],{},[176,24199,24200],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[176,24202,24203],{},"It takes no parameters",[176,24205,24206],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24208,1183],{},[44,24210,24212],{"className":46,"code":24211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24213,24214,24238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24215,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24217,12415],{"class":59},[53,24219,64],{"class":63},[53,24221,10041],{"class":67},[53,24223,72],{"class":71},[53,24225,7220],{"class":75},[53,24227,72],{"class":71},[53,24229,171],{"class":67},[53,24231,84],{"class":71},[53,24233,12432],{"class":75},[53,24235,72],{"class":71},[53,24237,8860],{"class":67},[53,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24241,137],{"class":136},[53,24243,121],{"class":67},[53,24245,13176],{"class":117},[53,24247,37],{"class":67},[53,24249,16473],{"class":117},[53,24251,6745],{"class":67},[20,24253,24254],{},"Incorrect:",[44,24256,24258],{"className":46,"code":24257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24259,24260,24284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24261,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270,24272,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24263,12415],{"class":59},[53,24265,64],{"class":63},[53,24267,10041],{"class":67},[53,24269,72],{"class":71},[53,24271,7220],{"class":75},[53,24273,72],{"class":71},[53,24275,171],{"class":67},[53,24277,84],{"class":71},[53,24279,12432],{"class":75},[53,24281,72],{"class":71},[53,24283,8860],{"class":67},[53,24285,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24287,137],{"class":136},[53,24289,121],{"class":67},[53,24291,13176],{"class":117},[53,24293,37],{"class":67},[53,24295,16473],{"class":1223},[53,24297,130],{"class":67},[20,24299,24300],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[39,24302,16967],{"id":16966},[20,24304,24305,21520,24307,24309],{},[15,24306,16614],{},[15,24308,16564],{}," object.",[20,24311,24312],{},"This object:",[173,24314,24315,24318,24321,24327],{},[176,24316,24317],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[176,24319,24320],{},"can be used in a loop",[176,24322,24323,24324],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24325,24326],{},"list()",[176,24328,24329],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24331,316],{},[44,24333,24335],{"className":46,"code":24334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24336,24337,24378,24382,24397,24401,24411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24338,24339,24342,24344,24346,24348,24351,24353,24355,24357,24360,24362,24364,24366,24369,24371,24373,24376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24340,24341],{"class":59},"car ",[53,24343,64],{"class":63},[53,24345,10041],{"class":67},[53,24347,72],{"class":71},[53,24349,24350],{"class":75},"brand",[53,24352,72],{"class":71},[53,24354,171],{"class":67},[53,24356,84],{"class":71},[53,24358,24359],{"class":75},"Toyota",[53,24361,72],{"class":71},[53,24363,81],{"class":67},[53,24365,84],{"class":71},[53,24367,24368],{"class":75},"year",[53,24370,72],{"class":71},[53,24372,171],{"class":67},[53,24374,24375],{"class":333}," 2020",[53,24377,8860],{"class":67},[53,24379,24380],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24381,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24383,24384,24386,24388,24391,24393,24395],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24385,351],{"class":59},[53,24387,64],{"class":63},[53,24389,24390],{"class":59}," car",[53,24392,37],{"class":67},[53,24394,16473],{"class":117},[53,24396,8192],{"class":67},[53,24398,24399],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,24400,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24402,24403,24405,24407,24409],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,24404,137],{"class":136},[53,24406,121],{"class":67},[53,24408,383],{"class":117},[53,24410,130],{"class":67},[53,24412,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,24414,137],{"class":136},[53,24416,121],{"class":67},[53,24418,1321],{"class":1320},[53,24420,121],{"class":67},[53,24422,383],{"class":117},[53,24424,628],{"class":67},[20,24426,24427],{},[30,24428,388],{},[44,24430,24432],{"className":46,"code":24431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24433,24434,24456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24435,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24437,16564],{"class":117},[53,24439,2546],{"class":67},[53,24441,2862],{"class":71},[53,24443,24350],{"class":75},[53,24445,2862],{"class":71},[53,24447,81],{"class":67},[53,24449,2857],{"class":71},[53,24451,24368],{"class":75},[53,24453,2862],{"class":71},[53,24455,3449],{"class":67},[53,24457,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24459,2851],{"class":63},[53,24461,2854],{"class":1627},[53,24463,2857],{"class":71},[53,24465,16564],{"class":75},[53,24467,2862],{"class":71},[53,24469,2865],{"class":63},[20,24471,24472,24473,24477,24478,37],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[195,24474,10287,24475,660],{"href":16617},[15,24476,16620],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[195,24479,10287,24480,660],{"href":16623},[15,24481,16626],{},[39,24483,24485],{"id":24484},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24487,24488],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[44,24490,24492],{"className":46,"code":24491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24493,24494,24547,24551,24567],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24495,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24543,24545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24497,12415],{"class":59},[53,24499,64],{"class":63},[53,24501,10041],{"class":67},[53,24503,72],{"class":71},[53,24505,7220],{"class":75},[53,24507,72],{"class":71},[53,24509,171],{"class":67},[53,24511,84],{"class":71},[53,24513,12432],{"class":75},[53,24515,72],{"class":71},[53,24517,81],{"class":67},[53,24519,84],{"class":71},[53,24521,8850],{"class":75},[53,24523,72],{"class":71},[53,24525,171],{"class":67},[53,24527,339],{"class":333},[53,24529,81],{"class":67},[53,24531,84],{"class":71},[53,24533,14880],{"class":75},[53,24535,72],{"class":71},[53,24537,171],{"class":67},[53,24539,84],{"class":71},[53,24541,24542],{"class":75},"Math",[53,24544,72],{"class":71},[53,24546,8860],{"class":67},[53,24548,24549],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24550,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24552,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24554,5510],{"class":1041},[53,24556,17756],{"class":59},[53,24558,1048],{"class":1041},[53,24560,12458],{"class":59},[53,24562,37],{"class":67},[53,24564,16473],{"class":117},[53,24566,21140],{"class":67},[53,24568,24569,24571,24573,24575],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,24570,1058],{"class":136},[53,24572,121],{"class":67},[53,24574,14392],{"class":117},[53,24576,130],{"class":67},[20,24578,24579],{},[30,24580,388],{},[44,24582,24584],{"className":46,"code":24583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24585,24586,24591,24596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24587,24588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24589,24590],{"class":59},"name\n",[53,24592,24593],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24594,24595],{"class":59},"age\n",[53,24597,24598],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24599,24600],{"class":59},"course\n",[20,24602,24603],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[44,24605,24607],{"className":46,"code":24606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24608,24609,24621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24610,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24612,5510],{"class":1041},[53,24614,17756],{"class":59},[53,24616,1048],{"class":1041},[53,24618,12458],{"class":59},[53,24620,1053],{"class":67},[53,24622,24623,24625,24627,24629],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24624,1058],{"class":136},[53,24626,121],{"class":67},[53,24628,14392],{"class":117},[53,24630,130],{"class":67},[20,24632,24633,24634,24637],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24635,24636],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[39,24639,1391,24641],{"id":24640},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24642,16614],{},[20,24644,152,24645,1398],{},[15,24646,16614],{},[173,24648,24649,24652,24655],{},[176,24650,24651],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[176,24653,24654],{},"you want to display available fields",[176,24656,24657],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24659,316],{},[44,24661,24663],{"className":46,"code":24662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24664,24665,24718,24722,24737,24754],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24666,24667,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24687,24689,24691,24693,24696,24698,24700,24703,24705,24707,24710,24712,24714,24716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24668,24669],{"class":59},"product ",[53,24671,64],{"class":63},[53,24673,10041],{"class":67},[53,24675,72],{"class":71},[53,24677,7220],{"class":75},[53,24679,72],{"class":71},[53,24681,171],{"class":67},[53,24683,84],{"class":71},[53,24685,24686],{"class":75},"Book",[53,24688,72],{"class":71},[53,24690,81],{"class":67},[53,24692,84],{"class":71},[53,24694,24695],{"class":75},"price",[53,24697,72],{"class":71},[53,24699,171],{"class":67},[53,24701,24702],{"class":333}," 12.99",[53,24704,81],{"class":67},[53,24706,84],{"class":71},[53,24708,24709],{"class":75},"stock",[53,24711,72],{"class":71},[53,24713,171],{"class":67},[53,24715,4162],{"class":333},[53,24717,8860],{"class":67},[53,24719,24720],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24721,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24723,24724,24726,24728,24730,24733,24735],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24725,137],{"class":136},[53,24727,121],{"class":67},[53,24729,72],{"class":71},[53,24731,24732],{"class":75},"Available fields:",[53,24734,72],{"class":71},[53,24736,130],{"class":67},[53,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24748,24750,24752],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,24740,5510],{"class":1041},[53,24742,17756],{"class":59},[53,24744,1048],{"class":1041},[53,24746,24747],{"class":59}," product",[53,24749,37],{"class":67},[53,24751,16473],{"class":117},[53,24753,21140],{"class":67},[53,24755,24756,24758,24760,24762],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,24757,1058],{"class":136},[53,24759,121],{"class":67},[53,24761,14392],{"class":117},[53,24763,130],{"class":67},[20,24765,24766],{},[30,24767,388],{},[44,24769,24771],{"className":46,"code":24770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24772,24773,24780,24784,24789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24774,24775,24778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24776,24777],{"class":59},"Available fields",[53,24779,1053],{"class":67},[53,24781,24782],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24783,24590],{"class":59},[53,24785,24786],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24787,24788],{"class":59},"price\n",[53,24790,24791],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,24792,24793],{"class":59},"stock\n",[20,24795,24796],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[44,24798,24800],{"className":46,"code":24799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24801,24802,24838,24842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24803,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24805,24669],{"class":59},[53,24807,64],{"class":63},[53,24809,10041],{"class":67},[53,24811,72],{"class":71},[53,24813,7220],{"class":75},[53,24815,72],{"class":71},[53,24817,171],{"class":67},[53,24819,84],{"class":71},[53,24821,24686],{"class":75},[53,24823,72],{"class":71},[53,24825,81],{"class":67},[53,24827,84],{"class":71},[53,24829,24695],{"class":75},[53,24831,72],{"class":71},[53,24833,171],{"class":67},[53,24835,24702],{"class":333},[53,24837,8860],{"class":67},[53,24839,24840],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24841,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,24843,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,24845,137],{"class":136},[53,24847,121],{"class":67},[53,24849,72],{"class":71},[53,24851,7220],{"class":75},[53,24853,72],{"class":71},[53,24855,1286],{"class":1041},[53,24857,24747],{"class":117},[53,24859,37],{"class":67},[53,24861,16473],{"class":117},[53,24863,6745],{"class":67},[20,24865,24866,24867,37],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24868,3167],{},[20,24870,24871],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[44,24873,24875],{"className":46,"code":24874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24876,24877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24878,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24880,137],{"class":136},[53,24882,121],{"class":67},[53,24884,72],{"class":71},[53,24886,7220],{"class":75},[53,24888,72],{"class":71},[53,24890,1286],{"class":1041},[53,24892,24747],{"class":117},[53,24894,130],{"class":67},[20,24896,24897,24898,37],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[195,24899,20752],{"href":16701},[39,24901,24903],{"id":24902},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24905,24906,24907,37],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24908,16614],{},[1418,24910,8001,24912,24914],{"id":24911},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24913,16614],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24916,24917,24919],{},[15,24918,16614],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24921,316],{},[44,24923,24925],{"className":46,"code":24924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24926,24927,24963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24928,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24930,8716],{"class":59},[53,24932,64],{"class":63},[53,24934,10041],{"class":67},[53,24936,72],{"class":71},[53,24938,7220],{"class":75},[53,24940,72],{"class":71},[53,24942,171],{"class":67},[53,24944,84],{"class":71},[53,24946,12432],{"class":75},[53,24948,72],{"class":71},[53,24950,81],{"class":67},[53,24952,84],{"class":71},[53,24954,8850],{"class":75},[53,24956,72],{"class":71},[53,24958,171],{"class":67},[53,24960,339],{"class":333},[53,24962,8860],{"class":67},[53,24964,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24966,137],{"class":136},[53,24968,121],{"class":67},[53,24970,8755],{"class":117},[53,24972,37],{"class":67},[53,24974,16473],{"class":117},[53,24976,6745],{"class":67},[20,24978,24979],{},[30,24980,388],{},[44,24982,24984],{"className":46,"code":24983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24985,24986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24987,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24989,16564],{"class":117},[53,24991,2546],{"class":67},[53,24993,2862],{"class":71},[53,24995,7220],{"class":75},[53,24997,2862],{"class":71},[53,24999,81],{"class":67},[53,25001,2857],{"class":71},[53,25003,8850],{"class":75},[53,25005,2862],{"class":71},[53,25007,3449],{"class":67},[20,25009,25010,25011,37],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[195,25012,25013],{"href":16623},[15,25014,16626],{},[1418,25016,25018,25019],{"id":25017},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25020,16564],{},[20,25022,25023],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[44,25025,25027],{"className":46,"code":25026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25028,25029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25030,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25032,1226],{"class":67},[53,25034,2862],{"class":71},[53,25036,7220],{"class":75},[53,25038,2862],{"class":71},[53,25040,81],{"class":67},[53,25042,2857],{"class":71},[53,25044,8850],{"class":75},[53,25046,2862],{"class":71},[53,25048,101],{"class":67},[20,25050,25051,25052,25054],{},"But ",[15,25053,16614],{}," returns:",[44,25056,25057],{"className":46,"code":24983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,25058,25059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25060,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25062,16564],{"class":117},[53,25064,2546],{"class":67},[53,25066,2862],{"class":71},[53,25068,7220],{"class":75},[53,25070,2862],{"class":71},[53,25072,81],{"class":67},[53,25074,2857],{"class":71},[53,25076,8850],{"class":75},[53,25078,2862],{"class":71},[53,25080,3449],{"class":67},[20,25082,25083],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[44,25085,25087],{"className":46,"code":25086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25088,25089,25125,25144,25148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25090,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25092,8716],{"class":59},[53,25094,64],{"class":63},[53,25096,10041],{"class":67},[53,25098,72],{"class":71},[53,25100,7220],{"class":75},[53,25102,72],{"class":71},[53,25104,171],{"class":67},[53,25106,84],{"class":71},[53,25108,12432],{"class":75},[53,25110,72],{"class":71},[53,25112,81],{"class":67},[53,25114,84],{"class":71},[53,25116,8850],{"class":75},[53,25118,72],{"class":71},[53,25120,171],{"class":67},[53,25122,339],{"class":333},[53,25124,8860],{"class":67},[53,25126,25127,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25128,25129],{"class":59},"key_list ",[53,25131,64],{"class":63},[53,25133,22105],{"class":1320},[53,25135,121],{"class":67},[53,25137,8755],{"class":117},[53,25139,37],{"class":67},[53,25141,16473],{"class":117},[53,25143,6745],{"class":67},[53,25145,25146],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25147,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25149,25150,25152,25154,25157],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25151,137],{"class":136},[53,25153,121],{"class":67},[53,25155,25156],{"class":117},"key_list",[53,25158,130],{"class":67},[1418,25160,25162,25163,25165],{"id":25161},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25164,16614],{}," on a list or string",[20,25167,25168,25170],{},[15,25169,16614],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25172,2396],{},[44,25174,25176],{"className":46,"code":25175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25177,25178,25198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25179,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25181,326],{"class":59},[53,25183,64],{"class":63},[53,25185,68],{"class":67},[53,25187,517],{"class":333},[53,25189,81],{"class":67},[53,25191,790],{"class":333},[53,25193,81],{"class":67},[53,25195,1269],{"class":333},[53,25197,101],{"class":67},[53,25199,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25201,137],{"class":136},[53,25203,121],{"class":67},[53,25205,3209],{"class":117},[53,25207,37],{"class":67},[53,25209,16473],{"class":117},[53,25211,6745],{"class":67},[20,25213,25214,25215,25218,25219,25221,25222,37],{},"You may get an ",[15,25216,25217],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25220,16614],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[195,25223,25225,25226,25229],{"href":25224},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25227,25228],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1418,25231,25233],{"id":25232},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25235,25236],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[44,25238,25240],{"className":46,"code":25239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25241,25242,25266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25243,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25245,8716],{"class":59},[53,25247,64],{"class":63},[53,25249,10041],{"class":67},[53,25251,72],{"class":71},[53,25253,7220],{"class":75},[53,25255,72],{"class":71},[53,25257,171],{"class":67},[53,25259,84],{"class":71},[53,25261,12432],{"class":75},[53,25263,72],{"class":71},[53,25265,8860],{"class":67},[53,25267,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25269,137],{"class":136},[53,25271,121],{"class":67},[53,25273,8755],{"class":117},[53,25275,37],{"class":67},[53,25277,16473],{"class":1223},[53,25279,130],{"class":67},[20,25281,25282],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25284,18242],{},[44,25286,25288],{"className":46,"code":25287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25289,25290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25291,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25293,137],{"class":136},[53,25295,121],{"class":67},[53,25297,8755],{"class":117},[53,25299,37],{"class":67},[53,25301,16473],{"class":117},[53,25303,6745],{"class":67},[39,25305,2389],{"id":2388},[20,25307,25308,25309,171],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25310,16614],{},[173,25312,25313,25318,25323,25329],{},[176,25314,664,25315,25317],{},[15,25316,16614],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[176,25319,1139,25320,25322],{},[15,25321,16614],{}," returns values too",[176,25324,25325,25326,25328],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25327,16564],{}," like a normal list",[176,25330,25331,25332,25334],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25333,16564],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25336,25337],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[44,25339,25341],{"className":46,"code":25340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25342,25343,25375,25389,25393,25403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25346,8716],{"class":59},[53,25348,64],{"class":63},[53,25350,10041],{"class":67},[53,25352,72],{"class":71},[53,25354,195],{"class":75},[53,25356,72],{"class":71},[53,25358,171],{"class":67},[53,25360,821],{"class":333},[53,25362,81],{"class":67},[53,25364,84],{"class":71},[53,25366,704],{"class":75},[53,25368,72],{"class":71},[53,25370,171],{"class":67},[53,25372,790],{"class":333},[53,25374,8860],{"class":67},[53,25376,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25378,16790],{"class":59},[53,25380,64],{"class":63},[53,25382,14117],{"class":59},[53,25384,37],{"class":67},[53,25386,16473],{"class":117},[53,25388,8192],{"class":67},[53,25390,25391],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25392,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25394,25395,25397,25399,25401],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25396,137],{"class":136},[53,25398,121],{"class":67},[53,25400,16473],{"class":117},[53,25402,130],{"class":67},[53,25404,25405],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,25406,25407],{"class":148},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25409,25410],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[44,25412,25414],{"className":46,"code":25413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25415,25416,25448,25466,25470],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25417,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25419,8716],{"class":59},[53,25421,64],{"class":63},[53,25423,10041],{"class":67},[53,25425,72],{"class":71},[53,25427,195],{"class":75},[53,25429,72],{"class":71},[53,25431,171],{"class":67},[53,25433,821],{"class":333},[53,25435,81],{"class":67},[53,25437,84],{"class":71},[53,25439,704],{"class":75},[53,25441,72],{"class":71},[53,25443,171],{"class":67},[53,25445,790],{"class":333},[53,25447,8860],{"class":67},[53,25449,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25451,16790],{"class":59},[53,25453,64],{"class":63},[53,25455,22105],{"class":1320},[53,25457,121],{"class":67},[53,25459,8755],{"class":117},[53,25461,37],{"class":67},[53,25463,16473],{"class":117},[53,25465,6745],{"class":67},[53,25467,25468],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25469,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25471,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25473,137],{"class":136},[53,25475,121],{"class":67},[53,25477,16473],{"class":117},[53,25479,1226],{"class":67},[53,25481,187],{"class":333},[53,25483,3449],{"class":67},[39,25485,25487],{"id":25486},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25489,10662],{},[44,25491,25493],{"className":46,"code":25492,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25494,25495,25509,25519,25533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25496,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25498,137],{"class":136},[53,25500,121],{"class":67},[53,25502,1321],{"class":1320},[53,25504,121],{"class":67},[53,25506,10999],{"class":117},[53,25508,628],{"class":67},[53,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25512,137],{"class":136},[53,25514,121],{"class":67},[53,25516,10999],{"class":117},[53,25518,130],{"class":67},[53,25520,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25522,137],{"class":136},[53,25524,121],{"class":67},[53,25526,10999],{"class":117},[53,25528,37],{"class":67},[53,25530,16473],{"class":117},[53,25532,6745],{"class":67},[53,25534,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25536,137],{"class":136},[53,25538,121],{"class":67},[53,25540,7643],{"class":1320},[53,25542,121],{"class":67},[53,25544,10999],{"class":117},[53,25546,37],{"class":67},[53,25548,16473],{"class":117},[53,25550,5842],{"class":67},[20,25552,25553],{},"These help you confirm:",[173,25555,25556,25559,25562,25567],{},[176,25557,25558],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[176,25560,25561],{},"what data it contains",[176,25563,25564,25565,11256],{},"what ",[15,25566,16614],{},[176,25568,25569],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[39,25571,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,25573,23464,25575,1424],{"id":25574},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25576,16614],{},[20,25578,16970,25579,25581],{},[15,25580,16564],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1418,25583,14454,25585,25588],{"id":25584},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25586,25587],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25590,25591,25592,25594,25595,37],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25593,16564],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25596,25597],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1418,25599,25601,25602,1459],{"id":25600},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25603,25587],{},[20,25605,25606,25607,25609],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25608,5510],{}," loop.",[1418,25611,25613,25614,25616],{"id":25612},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25615,16614],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25618,25619,25620,25622],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25621,16614],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1418,25624,25626],{"id":25625},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25628,152,25629,37],{},[15,25630,25631],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[39,25633,1471],{"id":1470},[173,25635,25636,25641,25647,25653,25659,25663],{},[176,25637,25638],{},[195,25639,25640],{"href":8942},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[176,25642,25643],{},[195,25644,10287,25645,660],{"href":16617},[15,25646,16620],{},[176,25648,25649],{},[195,25650,10287,25651,660],{"href":16623},[15,25652,16626],{},[176,25654,25655],{},[195,25656,25658],{"href":25657},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[176,25660,25661],{},[195,25662,16702],{"href":16701},[176,25664,25665],{},[195,25666,25667,25668,25229],{"href":25224},"How to fix ",[15,25669,25228],{},[1494,25671,25672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":25674},[25675,25676,25678,25679,25680,25681,25682,25684,25693,25694,25695,25706],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":23795,"depth":104,"text":25677},"What keys() does",{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":24484,"depth":104,"text":24485},{"id":24640,"depth":104,"text":25683},"When to use keys()",{"id":24902,"depth":104,"text":24903,"children":25685},[25686,25688,25690,25692],{"id":24911,"depth":133,"text":25687},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25017,"depth":133,"text":25689},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25161,"depth":133,"text":25691},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25232,"depth":133,"text":25233},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":25486,"depth":104,"text":25487},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":25696},[25697,25699,25701,25703,25705],{"id":25574,"depth":133,"text":25698},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25584,"depth":133,"text":25700},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25600,"depth":133,"text":25702},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25612,"depth":133,"text":25704},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25625,"depth":133,"text":25626},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23617,"description":25707},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25713,"title":25714,"body":25715,"description":27986,"extension":1524,"meta":27987,"navigation":372,"path":27988,"seo":27989,"stem":27990,"__hash__":27991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25716,"toc":27939},[25717,25722,25727,25730,25732,25878,25891,25896,25900,25914,25916,26019,26028,26030,26033,26071,26096,26098,26205,26207,26214,26217,26225,26227,26368,26376,26381,26385,26396,26398,26560,26563,26571,26578,26584,26681,26687,26764,26767,26779,26784,26790,26793,26797,26886,26889,26893,26996,27003,27090,27099,27101,27106,27112,27115,27161,27164,27230,27239,27245,27337,27343,27349,27392,27395,27460,27466,27558,27561,27565,27571,27596,27599,27695,27702,27704,27709,27800,27802,27830,27835,27837,27844,27847,27851,27861,27866,27869,27876,27886,27893,27901,27903,27936],[10,25718,10868,25720,18],{"id":25719},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25721,12314],{},[20,25723,25724,25726],{},[15,25725,12121],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25728,25729],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[39,25731,42],{"id":41},[44,25733,25735],{"className":46,"code":25734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25736,25737,25773,25797,25811,25824,25828,25833,25865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25738,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25740,12754],{"class":59},[53,25742,64],{"class":63},[53,25744,10041],{"class":67},[53,25746,72],{"class":71},[53,25748,7220],{"class":75},[53,25750,72],{"class":71},[53,25752,171],{"class":67},[53,25754,84],{"class":71},[53,25756,12432],{"class":75},[53,25758,72],{"class":71},[53,25760,81],{"class":67},[53,25762,84],{"class":71},[53,25764,8850],{"class":75},[53,25766,72],{"class":71},[53,25768,171],{"class":67},[53,25770,8857],{"class":333},[53,25772,8860],{"class":67},[53,25774,25775,25778,25780,25782,25784,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25776,25777],{"class":59},"removed_age ",[53,25779,64],{"class":63},[53,25781,12797],{"class":59},[53,25783,37],{"class":67},[53,25785,25786],{"class":117},"pop",[53,25788,121],{"class":67},[53,25790,72],{"class":71},[53,25792,8850],{"class":75},[53,25794,72],{"class":71},[53,25796,130],{"class":67},[53,25798,25799,25801,25803,25806,25808],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25800,137],{"class":136},[53,25802,121],{"class":67},[53,25804,25805],{"class":117},"removed_age",[53,25807,145],{"class":67},[53,25809,25810],{"class":148},"   # 25\n",[53,25812,25813,25815,25817,25819,25821],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25814,137],{"class":136},[53,25816,121],{"class":67},[53,25818,16855],{"class":117},[53,25820,145],{"class":67},[53,25822,25823],{"class":148},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[53,25825,25826],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,25827,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25829,25830],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,25831,25832],{"class":148},"# Safe version with default value\n",[53,25834,25835,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25861,25863],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,25836,25837],{"class":59},"country ",[53,25839,64],{"class":63},[53,25841,12797],{"class":59},[53,25843,37],{"class":67},[53,25845,25786],{"class":117},[53,25847,121],{"class":67},[53,25849,72],{"class":71},[53,25851,14813],{"class":75},[53,25853,72],{"class":71},[53,25855,81],{"class":67},[53,25857,84],{"class":71},[53,25859,25860],{"class":75},"Not found",[53,25862,72],{"class":71},[53,25864,130],{"class":67},[53,25866,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,25868,137],{"class":136},[53,25870,121],{"class":67},[53,25872,14813],{"class":117},[53,25874,145],{"class":67},[53,25876,25877],{"class":148},"       # Not found\n",[20,25879,152,25880,25883,25884,25887,25888,25890],{},[15,25881,25882],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25885,25886],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25889,19234],{}," when the key might not exist.",[39,25892,163,25894,166],{"id":25893},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25895,12121],{},[20,25897,25898,171],{},[15,25899,12121],{},[173,25901,25902,25905,25908,25911],{},[176,25903,25904],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[176,25906,25907],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[176,25909,25910],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[176,25912,25913],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25915,316],{},[44,25917,25919],{"className":46,"code":25918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25920,25921,25961,25965,25988,25992,26006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25922,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25924,11038],{"class":59},[53,25926,64],{"class":63},[53,25928,10041],{"class":67},[53,25930,72],{"class":71},[53,25932,7220],{"class":75},[53,25934,72],{"class":71},[53,25936,171],{"class":67},[53,25938,84],{"class":71},[53,25940,12771],{"class":75},[53,25942,72],{"class":71},[53,25944,81],{"class":67},[53,25946,84],{"class":71},[53,25948,9959],{"class":75},[53,25950,72],{"class":71},[53,25952,171],{"class":67},[53,25954,84],{"class":71},[53,25956,9966],{"class":75},[53,25958,72],{"class":71},[53,25960,8860],{"class":67},[53,25962,25963],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25964,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25966,25967,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,25968,25969],{"class":59},"removed_city ",[53,25971,64],{"class":63},[53,25973,11121],{"class":59},[53,25975,37],{"class":67},[53,25977,25786],{"class":117},[53,25979,121],{"class":67},[53,25981,72],{"class":71},[53,25983,9959],{"class":75},[53,25985,72],{"class":71},[53,25987,130],{"class":67},[53,25989,25990],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,25991,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,25993,25994,25996,25998,26001,26003],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,25995,137],{"class":136},[53,25997,121],{"class":67},[53,25999,26000],{"class":117},"removed_city",[53,26002,145],{"class":67},[53,26004,26005],{"class":148},"  # Paris\n",[53,26007,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26009,137],{"class":136},[53,26011,121],{"class":67},[53,26013,11132],{"class":117},[53,26015,145],{"class":67},[53,26017,26018],{"class":148},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26020,20318,26021,26024,26025,37],{},[15,26022,26023],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26026,26027],{},"\"Paris\"",[39,26029,202],{"id":201},[20,26031,26032],{},"There are two common forms:",[44,26034,26036],{"className":46,"code":26035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26037,26038,26052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26039,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26041,10999],{"class":59},[53,26043,37],{"class":67},[53,26045,25786],{"class":117},[53,26047,121],{"class":67},[53,26049,14392],{"class":117},[53,26051,130],{"class":67},[53,26053,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26069],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26055,10999],{"class":59},[53,26057,37],{"class":67},[53,26059,25786],{"class":117},[53,26061,121],{"class":67},[53,26063,14392],{"class":117},[53,26065,81],{"class":67},[53,26067,26068],{"class":117}," default",[53,26070,130],{"class":67},[173,26072,26073,26079,26087,26093],{},[176,26074,26075,26078],{},[15,26076,26077],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[176,26080,26081,26083,26084,26086],{},[15,26082,26077],{}," raises ",[15,26085,19234],{}," if the key is missing",[176,26088,26089,26092],{},[15,26090,26091],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[176,26094,26095],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26097,316],{},[44,26099,26101],{"className":46,"code":26100,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26102,26103,26135,26139,26164,26192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26104,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26106,4618],{"class":59},[53,26108,64],{"class":63},[53,26110,10041],{"class":67},[53,26112,72],{"class":71},[53,26114,17964],{"class":75},[53,26116,72],{"class":71},[53,26118,171],{"class":67},[53,26120,19445],{"class":333},[53,26122,81],{"class":67},[53,26124,84],{"class":71},[53,26126,17973],{"class":75},[53,26128,72],{"class":71},[53,26130,171],{"class":67},[53,26132,13057],{"class":333},[53,26134,8860],{"class":67},[53,26136,26137],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26138,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26140,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26142,137],{"class":136},[53,26144,121],{"class":67},[53,26146,15940],{"class":117},[53,26148,37],{"class":67},[53,26150,25786],{"class":117},[53,26152,121],{"class":67},[53,26154,72],{"class":71},[53,26156,17964],{"class":75},[53,26158,72],{"class":71},[53,26160,762],{"class":67},[53,26162,26163],{"class":148},"         # 90\n",[53,26165,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26167,137],{"class":136},[53,26169,121],{"class":67},[53,26171,15940],{"class":117},[53,26173,37],{"class":67},[53,26175,25786],{"class":117},[53,26177,121],{"class":67},[53,26179,72],{"class":71},[53,26181,17982],{"class":75},[53,26183,72],{"class":71},[53,26185,81],{"class":67},[53,26187,3394],{"class":333},[53,26189,762],{"class":67},[53,26191,20315],{"class":148},[53,26193,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26195,137],{"class":136},[53,26197,121],{"class":67},[53,26199,15940],{"class":117},[53,26201,145],{"class":67},[53,26203,26204],{"class":148},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[39,26206,16967],{"id":16966},[20,26208,26209,13604,26211,26213],{},[15,26210,12314],{},[30,26212,1112],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26215,26216],{},"Instead, it returns:",[173,26218,26219,26222],{},[176,26220,26221],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[176,26223,26224],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26226,316],{},[44,26228,26230],{"className":46,"code":26229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26231,26232,26264,26268,26291,26323,26327,26341,26355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26233,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26235,8716],{"class":59},[53,26237,64],{"class":63},[53,26239,10041],{"class":67},[53,26241,72],{"class":71},[53,26243,195],{"class":75},[53,26245,72],{"class":71},[53,26247,171],{"class":67},[53,26249,5556],{"class":333},[53,26251,81],{"class":67},[53,26253,84],{"class":71},[53,26255,704],{"class":75},[53,26257,72],{"class":71},[53,26259,171],{"class":67},[53,26261,339],{"class":333},[53,26263,8860],{"class":67},[53,26265,26266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26267,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26269,26270,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26271,26272],{"class":59},"result1 ",[53,26274,64],{"class":63},[53,26276,14117],{"class":59},[53,26278,37],{"class":67},[53,26280,25786],{"class":117},[53,26282,121],{"class":67},[53,26284,72],{"class":71},[53,26286,195],{"class":75},[53,26288,72],{"class":71},[53,26290,130],{"class":67},[53,26292,26293,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26319,26321],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26294,26295],{"class":59},"result2 ",[53,26297,64],{"class":63},[53,26299,14117],{"class":59},[53,26301,37],{"class":67},[53,26303,25786],{"class":117},[53,26305,121],{"class":67},[53,26307,72],{"class":71},[53,26309,713],{"class":75},[53,26311,72],{"class":71},[53,26313,81],{"class":67},[53,26315,84],{"class":71},[53,26317,26318],{"class":75},"missing",[53,26320,72],{"class":71},[53,26322,130],{"class":67},[53,26324,26325],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26326,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26328,26329,26331,26333,26336,26338],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26330,137],{"class":136},[53,26332,121],{"class":67},[53,26334,26335],{"class":117},"result1",[53,26337,145],{"class":67},[53,26339,26340],{"class":148},"  # 10\n",[53,26342,26343,26345,26347,26350,26352],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,26344,137],{"class":136},[53,26346,121],{"class":67},[53,26348,26349],{"class":117},"result2",[53,26351,145],{"class":67},[53,26353,26354],{"class":148},"  # missing\n",[53,26356,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,26358,137],{"class":136},[53,26360,121],{"class":67},[53,26362,8755],{"class":117},[53,26364,145],{"class":67},[53,26366,26367],{"class":148},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26369,26370,26371,1442],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[195,26372,26373],{"href":10286},[15,26374,26375],{},"dict.get()",[39,26377,1391,26379],{"id":26378},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26380,12314],{},[20,26382,152,26383,1398],{},[15,26384,12314],{},[173,26386,26387,26390,26393],{},[176,26388,26389],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[176,26391,26392],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[176,26394,26395],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26397,316],{},[44,26399,26401],{"className":46,"code":26400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26402,26403,26455,26459,26486,26490,26514,26518,26532,26546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26404,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26439,26441,26443,26446,26448,26450,26453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26406,24669],{"class":59},[53,26408,64],{"class":63},[53,26410,10041],{"class":67},[53,26412,72],{"class":71},[53,26414,7220],{"class":75},[53,26416,72],{"class":71},[53,26418,171],{"class":67},[53,26420,84],{"class":71},[53,26422,26423],{"class":75},"Laptop",[53,26425,72],{"class":71},[53,26427,81],{"class":67},[53,26429,84],{"class":71},[53,26431,24695],{"class":75},[53,26433,72],{"class":71},[53,26435,171],{"class":67},[53,26437,26438],{"class":333}," 1200",[53,26440,81],{"class":67},[53,26442,84],{"class":71},[53,26444,26445],{"class":75},"discount",[53,26447,72],{"class":71},[53,26449,171],{"class":67},[53,26451,26452],{"class":333}," 200",[53,26454,8860],{"class":67},[53,26456,26457],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26458,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26460,26461,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26462,26463],{"class":59},"discount_amount ",[53,26465,64],{"class":63},[53,26467,24747],{"class":59},[53,26469,37],{"class":67},[53,26471,25786],{"class":117},[53,26473,121],{"class":67},[53,26475,72],{"class":71},[53,26477,26445],{"class":75},[53,26479,72],{"class":71},[53,26481,81],{"class":67},[53,26483,3394],{"class":333},[53,26485,130],{"class":67},[53,26487,26488],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26489,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26491,26492,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26493,26494],{"class":59},"final_price ",[53,26496,64],{"class":63},[53,26498,24747],{"class":59},[53,26500,1226],{"class":67},[53,26502,72],{"class":71},[53,26504,24695],{"class":75},[53,26506,72],{"class":71},[53,26508,12823],{"class":67},[53,26510,1783],{"class":63},[53,26512,26513],{"class":59}," discount_amount\n",[53,26515,26516],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26517,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26519,26520,26522,26524,26527,26529],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,26521,137],{"class":136},[53,26523,121],{"class":67},[53,26525,26526],{"class":117},"discount_amount",[53,26528,145],{"class":67},[53,26530,26531],{"class":148},"  # 200\n",[53,26533,26534,26536,26538,26541,26543],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,26535,137],{"class":136},[53,26537,121],{"class":67},[53,26539,26540],{"class":117},"final_price",[53,26542,145],{"class":67},[53,26544,26545],{"class":148},"      # 1000\n",[53,26547,26548,26550,26552,26555,26557],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,26549,137],{"class":136},[53,26551,121],{"class":67},[53,26553,26554],{"class":117},"product",[53,26556,145],{"class":67},[53,26558,26559],{"class":148},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26561,26562],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[39,26564,26566,10136,26568],{"id":26565},"pop-vs-del",[15,26567,12314],{},[15,26569,26570],{},"del",[20,26572,10141,26573,667,26575,26577],{},[15,26574,12314],{},[15,26576,26570],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1418,26579,152,26581,26583],{"id":26580},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26582,12314],{}," when you need the removed value",[44,26585,26587],{"className":46,"code":26586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26588,26589,26625,26629,26651,26655,26668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26590,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26592,12754],{"class":59},[53,26594,64],{"class":63},[53,26596,10041],{"class":67},[53,26598,72],{"class":71},[53,26600,7220],{"class":75},[53,26602,72],{"class":71},[53,26604,171],{"class":67},[53,26606,84],{"class":71},[53,26608,12432],{"class":75},[53,26610,72],{"class":71},[53,26612,81],{"class":67},[53,26614,84],{"class":71},[53,26616,8850],{"class":75},[53,26618,72],{"class":71},[53,26620,171],{"class":67},[53,26622,8857],{"class":333},[53,26624,8860],{"class":67},[53,26626,26627],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26628,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26630,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26632,21173],{"class":59},[53,26634,64],{"class":63},[53,26636,12797],{"class":59},[53,26638,37],{"class":67},[53,26640,25786],{"class":117},[53,26642,121],{"class":67},[53,26644,72],{"class":71},[53,26646,8850],{"class":75},[53,26648,72],{"class":71},[53,26650,130],{"class":67},[53,26652,26653],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26654,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26656,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26658,137],{"class":136},[53,26660,121],{"class":67},[53,26662,8850],{"class":117},[53,26664,145],{"class":67},[53,26666,26667],{"class":148},"     # 25\n",[53,26669,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26671,137],{"class":136},[53,26673,121],{"class":67},[53,26675,16855],{"class":117},[53,26677,145],{"class":67},[53,26679,26680],{"class":148},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1418,26682,152,26684,26686],{"id":26683},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26685,26570],{}," when you only want deletion",[44,26688,26690],{"className":46,"code":26689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26691,26692,26728,26732,26748,26752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26693,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26695,12754],{"class":59},[53,26697,64],{"class":63},[53,26699,10041],{"class":67},[53,26701,72],{"class":71},[53,26703,7220],{"class":75},[53,26705,72],{"class":71},[53,26707,171],{"class":67},[53,26709,84],{"class":71},[53,26711,12432],{"class":75},[53,26713,72],{"class":71},[53,26715,81],{"class":67},[53,26717,84],{"class":71},[53,26719,8850],{"class":75},[53,26721,72],{"class":71},[53,26723,171],{"class":67},[53,26725,8857],{"class":333},[53,26727,8860],{"class":67},[53,26729,26730],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26731,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26733,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26735,26570],{"class":1041},[53,26737,12797],{"class":59},[53,26739,1226],{"class":67},[53,26741,72],{"class":71},[53,26743,8850],{"class":75},[53,26745,72],{"class":71},[53,26747,101],{"class":67},[53,26749,26750],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26751,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26753,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26755,137],{"class":136},[53,26757,121],{"class":67},[53,26759,16855],{"class":117},[53,26761,145],{"class":67},[53,26763,26680],{"class":148},[20,26765,26766],{},"Difference:",[173,26768,26769,26774],{},[176,26770,26771,26773],{},[15,26772,12314],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[176,26775,26776,26778],{},[15,26777,26570],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26780,26781,26782,37],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[195,26783,12126],{"href":12125},[39,26785,26787,26788],{"id":26786},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26789,19234],{},[20,26791,26792],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1418,26794,26796],{"id":26795},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[44,26798,26800],{"className":46,"code":26799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26801,26802,26827,26831,26857,26861,26873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26803,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26823,26825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26805,11275],{"class":59},[53,26807,64],{"class":63},[53,26809,10041],{"class":67},[53,26811,72],{"class":71},[53,26813,7220],{"class":75},[53,26815,72],{"class":71},[53,26817,171],{"class":67},[53,26819,84],{"class":71},[53,26821,26822],{"class":75},"Sara",[53,26824,72],{"class":71},[53,26826,8860],{"class":67},[53,26828,26829],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26830,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26832,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26834,2006],{"class":59},[53,26836,64],{"class":63},[53,26838,11317],{"class":59},[53,26840,37],{"class":67},[53,26842,25786],{"class":117},[53,26844,121],{"class":67},[53,26846,72],{"class":71},[53,26848,8850],{"class":75},[53,26850,72],{"class":71},[53,26852,81],{"class":67},[53,26854,3414],{"class":3413},[53,26856,130],{"class":67},[53,26858,26859],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26860,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26862,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26864,137],{"class":136},[53,26866,121],{"class":67},[53,26868,224],{"class":117},[53,26870,145],{"class":67},[53,26872,20108],{"class":148},[53,26874,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26876,137],{"class":136},[53,26878,121],{"class":67},[53,26880,10999],{"class":117},[53,26882,145],{"class":67},[53,26884,26885],{"class":148}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26887,26888],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1418,26890,26892],{"id":26891},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[44,26894,26896],{"className":46,"code":26895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26897,26898,26922,26926,26942,26965,26975,26981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26899,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26901,11275],{"class":59},[53,26903,64],{"class":63},[53,26905,10041],{"class":67},[53,26907,72],{"class":71},[53,26909,7220],{"class":75},[53,26911,72],{"class":71},[53,26913,171],{"class":67},[53,26915,84],{"class":71},[53,26917,26822],{"class":75},[53,26919,72],{"class":71},[53,26921,8860],{"class":67},[53,26923,26924],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26925,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,26927,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,26929,1042],{"class":1041},[53,26931,84],{"class":71},[53,26933,8850],{"class":75},[53,26935,72],{"class":71},[53,26937,1286],{"class":63},[53,26939,11317],{"class":59},[53,26941,1053],{"class":67},[53,26943,26944,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,26945,26946],{"class":59},"    value ",[53,26948,64],{"class":63},[53,26950,11317],{"class":59},[53,26952,37],{"class":67},[53,26954,25786],{"class":117},[53,26956,121],{"class":67},[53,26958,72],{"class":71},[53,26960,8850],{"class":75},[53,26962,72],{"class":71},[53,26964,130],{"class":67},[53,26966,26967,26969,26971,26973],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,26968,1058],{"class":136},[53,26970,121],{"class":67},[53,26972,224],{"class":117},[53,26974,130],{"class":67},[53,26976,26977,26979],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,26978,1079],{"class":1041},[53,26980,1053],{"class":67},[53,26982,26983,26985,26987,26989,26992,26994],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,26984,1058],{"class":136},[53,26986,121],{"class":67},[53,26988,72],{"class":71},[53,26990,26991],{"class":75},"Key not found",[53,26993,72],{"class":71},[53,26995,130],{"class":67},[1418,26997,26999,27000,27002],{"id":26998},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27001,10290],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[44,27004,27006],{"className":46,"code":27005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27007,27008,27032,27036,27062,27066,27078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27009,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27011,11275],{"class":59},[53,27013,64],{"class":63},[53,27015,10041],{"class":67},[53,27017,72],{"class":71},[53,27019,7220],{"class":75},[53,27021,72],{"class":71},[53,27023,171],{"class":67},[53,27025,84],{"class":71},[53,27027,26822],{"class":75},[53,27029,72],{"class":71},[53,27031,8860],{"class":67},[53,27033,27034],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27035,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27037,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27039,2006],{"class":59},[53,27041,64],{"class":63},[53,27043,11317],{"class":59},[53,27045,37],{"class":67},[53,27047,19297],{"class":117},[53,27049,121],{"class":67},[53,27051,72],{"class":71},[53,27053,8850],{"class":75},[53,27055,72],{"class":71},[53,27057,81],{"class":67},[53,27059,3414],{"class":3413},[53,27061,130],{"class":67},[53,27063,27064],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27065,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27067,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,27069,137],{"class":136},[53,27071,121],{"class":67},[53,27073,224],{"class":117},[53,27075,145],{"class":67},[53,27077,20108],{"class":148},[53,27079,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,27081,137],{"class":136},[53,27083,121],{"class":67},[53,27085,10999],{"class":117},[53,27087,145],{"class":67},[53,27089,26885],{"class":148},[20,27091,152,27092,27096,27097,37],{},[195,27093,27094],{"href":10286},[15,27095,26375],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[195,27098,10812],{"href":10624},[39,27100,1129],{"id":1128},[20,27102,27103,27104,37],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27105,12121],{},[1418,27107,1139,27109,27111],{"id":27108},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27110,12314],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27113,27114],{},"Lists use indexes:",[44,27116,27118],{"className":46,"code":27117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27119,27120,27140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27121,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27123,326],{"class":59},[53,27125,64],{"class":63},[53,27127,68],{"class":67},[53,27129,334],{"class":333},[53,27131,81],{"class":67},[53,27133,339],{"class":333},[53,27135,81],{"class":67},[53,27137,344],{"class":333},[53,27139,101],{"class":67},[53,27141,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27143,137],{"class":136},[53,27145,121],{"class":67},[53,27147,3209],{"class":117},[53,27149,37],{"class":67},[53,27151,25786],{"class":117},[53,27153,121],{"class":67},[53,27155,517],{"class":333},[53,27157,762],{"class":67},[53,27159,27160],{"class":148},"  # 20\n",[20,27162,27163],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[44,27165,27167],{"className":46,"code":27166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27168,27169,27205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27170,27171,27173,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27172,12754],{"class":59},[53,27174,64],{"class":63},[53,27176,10041],{"class":67},[53,27178,72],{"class":71},[53,27180,7220],{"class":75},[53,27182,72],{"class":71},[53,27184,171],{"class":67},[53,27186,84],{"class":71},[53,27188,12432],{"class":75},[53,27190,72],{"class":71},[53,27192,81],{"class":67},[53,27194,84],{"class":71},[53,27196,8850],{"class":75},[53,27198,72],{"class":71},[53,27200,171],{"class":67},[53,27202,8857],{"class":333},[53,27204,8860],{"class":67},[53,27206,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27208,137],{"class":136},[53,27210,121],{"class":67},[53,27212,16855],{"class":117},[53,27214,37],{"class":67},[53,27216,25786],{"class":117},[53,27218,121],{"class":67},[53,27220,72],{"class":71},[53,27222,8850],{"class":75},[53,27224,72],{"class":71},[53,27226,762],{"class":67},[53,27228,27229],{"class":148},"  # 25\n",[20,27231,27232,27233,27235,27236,27238],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27234,1112],{}," use positions with ",[15,27237,12314],{},". It uses keys.",[1418,27240,4261,27242,27244],{"id":27241},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27243,12314],{}," changes the original dictionary",[44,27246,27248],{"className":46,"code":27247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27249,27250,27282,27286,27308,27312,27324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27251,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27253,8716],{"class":59},[53,27255,64],{"class":63},[53,27257,10041],{"class":67},[53,27259,72],{"class":71},[53,27261,1735],{"class":75},[53,27263,72],{"class":71},[53,27265,171],{"class":67},[53,27267,821],{"class":333},[53,27269,81],{"class":67},[53,27271,84],{"class":71},[53,27273,11296],{"class":75},[53,27275,72],{"class":71},[53,27277,171],{"class":67},[53,27279,790],{"class":333},[53,27281,8860],{"class":67},[53,27283,27284],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27285,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27287,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27289,2006],{"class":59},[53,27291,64],{"class":63},[53,27293,14117],{"class":59},[53,27295,37],{"class":67},[53,27297,25786],{"class":117},[53,27299,121],{"class":67},[53,27301,72],{"class":71},[53,27303,1735],{"class":75},[53,27305,72],{"class":71},[53,27307,130],{"class":67},[53,27309,27310],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27311,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27313,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,27315,137],{"class":136},[53,27317,121],{"class":67},[53,27319,224],{"class":117},[53,27321,145],{"class":67},[53,27323,149],{"class":148},[53,27325,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,27327,137],{"class":136},[53,27329,121],{"class":67},[53,27331,8755],{"class":117},[53,27333,145],{"class":67},[53,27335,27336],{"class":148},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27338,27339,27340,27342],{},"After ",[15,27341,12314],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1418,27344,664,27346,27348],{"id":27345},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27347,12314],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[44,27350,27352],{"className":46,"code":27351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27353,27354,27378,27382,27387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27355,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27357,8716],{"class":59},[53,27359,64],{"class":63},[53,27361,10041],{"class":67},[53,27363,72],{"class":71},[53,27365,7220],{"class":75},[53,27367,72],{"class":71},[53,27369,171],{"class":67},[53,27371,84],{"class":71},[53,27373,7471],{"class":75},[53,27375,72],{"class":71},[53,27377,8860],{"class":67},[53,27379,27380],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27381,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27383,27384],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27385,27386],{"class":148},"# This causes an error\n",[53,27388,27389],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27390,27391],{"class":148},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27393,27394],{},"Safer version:",[44,27396,27398],{"className":46,"code":27397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27399,27400,27424,27428],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27401,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27403,8716],{"class":59},[53,27405,64],{"class":63},[53,27407,10041],{"class":67},[53,27409,72],{"class":71},[53,27411,7220],{"class":75},[53,27413,72],{"class":71},[53,27415,171],{"class":67},[53,27417,84],{"class":71},[53,27419,7471],{"class":75},[53,27421,72],{"class":71},[53,27423,8860],{"class":67},[53,27425,27426],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27427,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27429,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27431,137],{"class":136},[53,27433,121],{"class":67},[53,27435,8755],{"class":117},[53,27437,37],{"class":67},[53,27439,25786],{"class":117},[53,27441,121],{"class":67},[53,27443,72],{"class":71},[53,27445,8850],{"class":75},[53,27447,72],{"class":71},[53,27449,81],{"class":67},[53,27451,84],{"class":71},[53,27453,26318],{"class":75},[53,27455,72],{"class":71},[53,27457,762],{"class":67},[53,27459,26354],{"class":148},[1418,27461,8001,27463,27465],{"id":27462},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27464,12314],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[44,27467,27469],{"className":46,"code":27468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27470,27471,27503,27507,27529,27533,27545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27472,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27474,8716],{"class":59},[53,27476,64],{"class":63},[53,27478,10041],{"class":67},[53,27480,72],{"class":71},[53,27482,195],{"class":75},[53,27484,72],{"class":71},[53,27486,171],{"class":67},[53,27488,821],{"class":333},[53,27490,81],{"class":67},[53,27492,84],{"class":71},[53,27494,704],{"class":75},[53,27496,72],{"class":71},[53,27498,171],{"class":67},[53,27500,790],{"class":333},[53,27502,8860],{"class":67},[53,27504,27505],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27506,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27508,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27510,351],{"class":59},[53,27512,64],{"class":63},[53,27514,14117],{"class":59},[53,27516,37],{"class":67},[53,27518,25786],{"class":117},[53,27520,121],{"class":67},[53,27522,72],{"class":71},[53,27524,195],{"class":75},[53,27526,72],{"class":71},[53,27528,130],{"class":67},[53,27530,27531],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27532,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27534,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,27536,137],{"class":136},[53,27538,121],{"class":67},[53,27540,383],{"class":117},[53,27542,145],{"class":67},[53,27544,149],{"class":148},[53,27546,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,27548,137],{"class":136},[53,27550,121],{"class":67},[53,27552,8755],{"class":117},[53,27554,145],{"class":67},[53,27556,27557],{"class":148},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27559,27560],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[39,27562,27564],{"id":27563},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27566,27567,27568,27570],{},"Problems with ",[15,27569,12121],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[173,27572,27573,27576,27585,27588],{},[176,27574,27575],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[176,27577,27578,27579,27582,27583],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27580,27581],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27584,25882],{},[176,27586,27587],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[176,27589,27590,27591,1175,27593],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27592,517],{},[15,27594,27595],{},"\"1\"",[20,27597,27598],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[44,27600,27602],{"className":46,"code":27601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27603,27604,27628,27632,27662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27607,8716],{"class":59},[53,27609,64],{"class":63},[53,27611,10041],{"class":67},[53,27613,72],{"class":71},[53,27615,517],{"class":75},[53,27617,72],{"class":71},[53,27619,171],{"class":67},[53,27621,84],{"class":71},[53,27623,6137],{"class":75},[53,27625,72],{"class":71},[53,27627,8860],{"class":67},[53,27629,27630],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27631,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,27633,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27655,27657,27659],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27635,137],{"class":136},[53,27637,121],{"class":67},[53,27639,8755],{"class":117},[53,27641,37],{"class":67},[53,27643,25786],{"class":117},[53,27645,121],{"class":67},[53,27647,517],{"class":333},[53,27649,81],{"class":67},[53,27651,84],{"class":71},[53,27653,27654],{"class":75},"not found",[53,27656,72],{"class":71},[53,27658,762],{"class":67},[53,27660,27661],{"class":148},"    # not found\n",[53,27663,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27665,137],{"class":136},[53,27667,121],{"class":67},[53,27669,8755],{"class":117},[53,27671,37],{"class":67},[53,27673,25786],{"class":117},[53,27675,121],{"class":67},[53,27677,72],{"class":71},[53,27679,517],{"class":75},[53,27681,72],{"class":71},[53,27683,81],{"class":67},[53,27685,84],{"class":71},[53,27687,27654],{"class":75},[53,27689,72],{"class":71},[53,27691,762],{"class":67},[53,27693,27694],{"class":148},"  # one\n",[20,27696,27697,667,27699,27701],{},[15,27698,517],{},[15,27700,27595],{}," are different keys.",[39,27703,8422],{"id":8421},[20,27705,8425,27706,27708],{},[15,27707,12314],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,27710,27712],{"className":46,"code":27711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27713,27714,27724,27738,27756,27786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27715,27716,27718,27720,27722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27717,137],{"class":136},[53,27719,121],{"class":67},[53,27721,10999],{"class":117},[53,27723,130],{"class":67},[53,27725,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27727,137],{"class":136},[53,27729,121],{"class":67},[53,27731,10999],{"class":117},[53,27733,37],{"class":67},[53,27735,16473],{"class":117},[53,27737,6745],{"class":67},[53,27739,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,27741,137],{"class":136},[53,27743,121],{"class":67},[53,27745,2862],{"class":71},[53,27747,7220],{"class":75},[53,27749,2862],{"class":71},[53,27751,1286],{"class":1041},[53,27753,11317],{"class":117},[53,27755,130],{"class":67},[53,27757,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,27759,137],{"class":136},[53,27761,121],{"class":67},[53,27763,10999],{"class":117},[53,27765,37],{"class":67},[53,27767,25786],{"class":117},[53,27769,121],{"class":67},[53,27771,2862],{"class":71},[53,27773,7220],{"class":75},[53,27775,2862],{"class":71},[53,27777,81],{"class":67},[53,27779,2857],{"class":71},[53,27781,26318],{"class":75},[53,27783,2862],{"class":71},[53,27785,628],{"class":67},[53,27787,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,27789,137],{"class":136},[53,27791,121],{"class":67},[53,27793,1321],{"class":1320},[53,27795,121],{"class":67},[53,27797,10999],{"class":117},[53,27799,628],{"class":67},[20,27801,20881],{},[173,27803,27804,27809,27814,27819,27825],{},[176,27805,27806,27808],{},[15,27807,12231],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[176,27810,27811,27813],{},[15,27812,20893],{}," shows all available keys",[176,27815,27816,27818],{},[15,27817,20899],{}," checks whether a key exists",[176,27820,27821,27824],{},[15,27822,27823],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[176,27826,27827,27829],{},[15,27828,12237],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27831,27832,27833,37],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[195,27834,8943],{"href":8942},[39,27836,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,27838,27840,27841,27843],{"id":27839},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27842,12314],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27845,27846],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1418,27848,27850],{"id":27849},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27852,27853,26083,27855,27857,27858,27860],{},[15,27854,25882],{},[15,27856,19234],{},". ",[15,27859,25886],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1418,27862,1431,27864,14447],{"id":27863},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27865,12314],{},[20,27867,27868],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1418,27870,27872,27873,27875],{"id":27871},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27874,12314],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27877,27878,27879,27881,27882,37],{},"Not with ",[15,27880,12121],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[195,27883,27884],{"href":12132},[15,27885,12321],{},[1418,27887,4731,27889,667,27891,1459],{"id":27888},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27890,10290],{},[15,27892,12314],{},[20,27894,27895,27897,27898,27900],{},[15,27896,10290],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27899,12314],{}," reads and removes it.",[39,27902,1471],{"id":1470},[173,27904,27905,27911,27918,27922,27926,27930],{},[176,27906,27907],{},[195,27908,27909],{"href":10286},[15,27910,19215],{},[176,27912,27913],{},[195,27914,27915],{"href":12132},[15,27916,27917],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[176,27919,27920],{},[195,27921,12338],{"href":12125},[176,27923,27924],{},[195,27925,21002],{"href":16148},[176,27927,27928],{},[195,27929,10812],{"href":10624},[176,27931,27932],{},[195,27933,27935],{"href":27934},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1494,27937,27938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":27940},[27941,27942,27944,27945,27946,27948,27955,27962,27972,27973,27974,27985],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":25893,"depth":104,"text":27943},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":26378,"depth":104,"text":27947},"When to use pop()",{"id":26565,"depth":104,"text":27949,"children":27950},"pop() vs del",[27951,27953],{"id":26580,"depth":133,"text":27952},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26683,"depth":133,"text":27954},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26786,"depth":104,"text":27956,"children":27957},"How to avoid KeyError",[27958,27959,27960],{"id":26795,"depth":133,"text":26796},{"id":26891,"depth":133,"text":26892},{"id":26998,"depth":133,"text":27961},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":27963},[27964,27966,27968,27970],{"id":27108,"depth":133,"text":27965},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27241,"depth":133,"text":27967},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27345,"depth":133,"text":27969},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27462,"depth":133,"text":27971},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27563,"depth":104,"text":27564},{"id":8421,"depth":104,"text":8422},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":27975},[27976,27978,27979,27981,27983],{"id":27839,"depth":133,"text":27977},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27849,"depth":133,"text":27850},{"id":27863,"depth":133,"text":27980},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27871,"depth":133,"text":27982},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27888,"depth":133,"text":27984},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25714,"description":27986},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27993,"title":27917,"body":27994,"description":29934,"extension":1524,"meta":29935,"navigation":372,"path":29936,"seo":29937,"stem":29938,"__hash__":29939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27995,"toc":29898},[27996,28001,28006,28009,28017,28027,28029,28118,28122,28171,28176,28181,28185,28201,28204,28206,28221,28223,28239,28246,28250,28256,28265,28267,28336,28340,28361,28364,28383,28386,28409,28411,28414,28529,28533,28592,28599,28603,28609,28734,28738,28788,28791,28795,28802,28804,28867,28871,28892,28895,28904,28919,28927,28934,28938,28950,28954,28965,28967,29113,29117,29176,29183,29188,29192,29198,29221,29226,29245,29249,29320,29327,29400,29409,29414,29419,29430,29433,29570,29575,29607,29612,29614,29618,29678,29681,29738,29741,29784,29786,29791,29797,29803,29806,29813,29821,29826,29829,29836,29844,29846,29895],[10,27997,10868,27999,18],{"id":27998},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28000,12321],{},[20,28002,1541,28003,28005],{},[15,28004,12321],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28007,28008],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[173,28010,28011,28014],{},[176,28012,28013],{},"remove an item",[176,28015,28016],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28018,28019,28020,28022,28023,28026],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28021,12321],{}," removes the ",[30,28024,28025],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[39,28028,1566],{"id":1565},[44,28030,28032],{"className":46,"code":28031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28033,28034,28078,28094,28098,28108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28035,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28037,8716],{"class":59},[53,28039,64],{"class":63},[53,28041,10041],{"class":67},[53,28043,72],{"class":71},[53,28045,195],{"class":75},[53,28047,72],{"class":71},[53,28049,171],{"class":67},[53,28051,821],{"class":333},[53,28053,81],{"class":67},[53,28055,84],{"class":71},[53,28057,704],{"class":75},[53,28059,72],{"class":71},[53,28061,171],{"class":67},[53,28063,790],{"class":333},[53,28065,81],{"class":67},[53,28067,84],{"class":71},[53,28069,713],{"class":75},[53,28071,72],{"class":71},[53,28073,171],{"class":67},[53,28075,1269],{"class":333},[53,28077,8860],{"class":67},[53,28079,28080,28083,28085,28087,28089,28092],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28081,28082],{"class":59},"item ",[53,28084,64],{"class":63},[53,28086,14117],{"class":59},[53,28088,37],{"class":67},[53,28090,28091],{"class":117},"popitem",[53,28093,8192],{"class":67},[53,28095,28096],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,28097,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28099,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,28101,137],{"class":136},[53,28103,121],{"class":67},[53,28105,22856],{"class":117},[53,28107,130],{"class":67},[53,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,28111,137],{"class":136},[53,28113,121],{"class":67},[53,28115,8755],{"class":117},[53,28117,130],{"class":67},[20,28119,28120],{},[30,28121,388],{},[44,28123,28125],{"className":46,"code":28124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28126,28127,28143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28128,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28130,121],{"class":67},[53,28132,2862],{"class":71},[53,28134,713],{"class":75},[53,28136,2862],{"class":71},[53,28138,81],{"class":67},[53,28140,1269],{"class":333},[53,28142,130],{"class":67},[53,28144,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28146,8829],{"class":67},[53,28148,2862],{"class":71},[53,28150,195],{"class":75},[53,28152,2862],{"class":71},[53,28154,171],{"class":67},[53,28156,821],{"class":333},[53,28158,81],{"class":67},[53,28160,2857],{"class":71},[53,28162,704],{"class":75},[53,28164,2862],{"class":71},[53,28166,171],{"class":67},[53,28168,790],{"class":333},[53,28170,8860],{"class":67},[20,28172,28173,28175],{},[15,28174,12321],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[39,28177,163,28179,166],{"id":28178},"what-popitem-does",[15,28180,12321],{},[20,28182,28183,171],{},[15,28184,12321],{},[173,28186,28187,28190,28195,28198],{},[176,28188,28189],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[176,28191,28192,28193],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28194,21200],{},[176,28196,28197],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[176,28199,28200],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28202,28203],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[39,28205,202],{"id":201},[44,28207,28209],{"className":46,"code":28208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28210,28211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28212,28213,28215,28217,28219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28214,15156],{"class":59},[53,28216,37],{"class":67},[53,28218,28091],{"class":117},[53,28220,8192],{"class":67},[20,28222,11008],{},[173,28224,28225,28233,28236],{},[176,28226,28227,28229,28230],{},[15,28228,12321],{}," takes ",[30,28231,28232],{},"no arguments",[176,28234,28235],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[176,28237,28238],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28240,28241,28242,1442],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[195,28243,28244],{"href":12118},[15,28245,12314],{},[39,28247,28249],{"id":28248},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28251,28252,28253,28255],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28254,12321],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28257,28258,28259,28262],"ol",{},[176,28260,28261],{},"the key",[176,28263,28264],{},"the value",[20,28266,316],{},[44,28268,28270],{"className":46,"code":28269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28271,28272,28308,28322,28326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28273,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28275,12754],{"class":59},[53,28277,64],{"class":63},[53,28279,10041],{"class":67},[53,28281,72],{"class":71},[53,28283,7220],{"class":75},[53,28285,72],{"class":71},[53,28287,171],{"class":67},[53,28289,84],{"class":71},[53,28291,4558],{"class":75},[53,28293,72],{"class":71},[53,28295,81],{"class":67},[53,28297,84],{"class":71},[53,28299,8850],{"class":75},[53,28301,72],{"class":71},[53,28303,171],{"class":67},[53,28305,8857],{"class":333},[53,28307,8860],{"class":67},[53,28309,28310,28312,28314,28316,28318,28320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28311,351],{"class":59},[53,28313,64],{"class":63},[53,28315,12797],{"class":59},[53,28317,37],{"class":67},[53,28319,28091],{"class":117},[53,28321,8192],{"class":67},[53,28323,28324],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,28325,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28327,28328,28330,28332,28334],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,28329,137],{"class":136},[53,28331,121],{"class":67},[53,28333,383],{"class":117},[53,28335,130],{"class":67},[20,28337,28338],{},[30,28339,388],{},[44,28341,28343],{"className":46,"code":28342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28344,28345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28346,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28348,121],{"class":67},[53,28350,2862],{"class":71},[53,28352,8850],{"class":75},[53,28354,2862],{"class":71},[53,28356,81],{"class":67},[53,28358,8857],{"class":333},[53,28360,130],{"class":67},[20,28362,28363],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[44,28365,28367],{"className":46,"code":28366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28368,28369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28370,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28372,351],{"class":59},[53,28374,64],{"class":63},[53,28376,12797],{"class":59},[53,28378,37],{"class":67},[53,28380,28091],{"class":117},[53,28382,8192],{"class":67},[20,28384,28385],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[44,28387,28389],{"className":46,"code":28388,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28390,28391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28392,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28394,14392],{"class":59},[53,28396,81],{"class":67},[53,28398,21129],{"class":59},[53,28400,64],{"class":63},[53,28402,12797],{"class":59},[53,28404,37],{"class":67},[53,28406,28091],{"class":117},[53,28408,8192],{"class":67},[39,28410,11025],{"id":11024},[20,28412,28413],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[44,28415,28417],{"className":46,"code":28416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28418,28419,28467,28471,28486,28490,28510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28420,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28451,28453,28455,28458,28460,28462,28465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28422,4618],{"class":59},[53,28424,64],{"class":63},[53,28426,10041],{"class":67},[53,28428,72],{"class":71},[53,28430,28431],{"class":75},"Tom",[53,28433,72],{"class":71},[53,28435,171],{"class":67},[53,28437,4630],{"class":333},[53,28439,81],{"class":67},[53,28441,84],{"class":71},[53,28443,12432],{"class":75},[53,28445,72],{"class":71},[53,28447,171],{"class":67},[53,28449,28450],{"class":333}," 95",[53,28452,81],{"class":67},[53,28454,84],{"class":71},[53,28456,28457],{"class":75},"Leo",[53,28459,72],{"class":71},[53,28461,171],{"class":67},[53,28463,28464],{"class":333}," 88",[53,28466,8860],{"class":67},[53,28468,28469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28470,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28472,28473,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,28474,28475],{"class":59},"removed_pair ",[53,28477,64],{"class":63},[53,28479,4665],{"class":59},[53,28481,37],{"class":67},[53,28483,28091],{"class":117},[53,28485,8192],{"class":67},[53,28487,28488],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,28489,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28491,28492,28494,28496,28498,28501,28503,28505,28508],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,28493,137],{"class":136},[53,28495,121],{"class":67},[53,28497,72],{"class":71},[53,28499,28500],{"class":75},"Removed:",[53,28502,72],{"class":71},[53,28504,81],{"class":67},[53,28506,28507],{"class":117}," removed_pair",[53,28509,130],{"class":67},[53,28511,28512,28514,28516,28518,28521,28523,28525,28527],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,28513,137],{"class":136},[53,28515,121],{"class":67},[53,28517,72],{"class":71},[53,28519,28520],{"class":75},"After removal:",[53,28522,72],{"class":71},[53,28524,81],{"class":67},[53,28526,4665],{"class":117},[53,28528,130],{"class":67},[20,28530,28531],{},[30,28532,388],{},[44,28534,28536],{"className":46,"code":28535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28537,28538,28559],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28539,28540,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28541,28542],{"class":59},"Removed",[53,28544,171],{"class":67},[53,28546,8787],{"class":67},[53,28548,2862],{"class":71},[53,28550,28457],{"class":75},[53,28552,2862],{"class":71},[53,28554,81],{"class":67},[53,28556,28464],{"class":333},[53,28558,130],{"class":67},[53,28560,28561,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28562,28563],{"class":59},"After removal",[53,28565,171],{"class":67},[53,28567,10041],{"class":67},[53,28569,2862],{"class":71},[53,28571,28431],{"class":75},[53,28573,2862],{"class":71},[53,28575,171],{"class":67},[53,28577,4630],{"class":333},[53,28579,81],{"class":67},[53,28581,2857],{"class":71},[53,28583,12432],{"class":75},[53,28585,2862],{"class":71},[53,28587,171],{"class":67},[53,28589,28450],{"class":333},[53,28591,8860],{"class":67},[20,28593,28594,28595,28598],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28596,28597],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[39,28600,28602],{"id":28601},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28604,28605,28606,28608],{},"Because ",[15,28607,12321],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[44,28610,28612],{"className":46,"code":28611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28613,28614,28650,28654,28673,28677,28696,28715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28615,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28617,14999],{"class":59},[53,28619,64],{"class":63},[53,28621,10041],{"class":67},[53,28623,72],{"class":71},[53,28625,15010],{"class":75},[53,28627,72],{"class":71},[53,28629,171],{"class":67},[53,28631,84],{"class":71},[53,28633,15019],{"class":75},[53,28635,72],{"class":71},[53,28637,81],{"class":67},[53,28639,84],{"class":71},[53,28641,15030],{"class":75},[53,28643,72],{"class":71},[53,28645,171],{"class":67},[53,28647,26452],{"class":333},[53,28649,8860],{"class":67},[53,28651,28652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28653,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28655,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28667,28669,28671],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,28657,14392],{"class":59},[53,28659,81],{"class":67},[53,28661,21129],{"class":59},[53,28663,64],{"class":63},[53,28665,28666],{"class":59}," book",[53,28668,37],{"class":67},[53,28670,28091],{"class":117},[53,28672,8192],{"class":67},[53,28674,28675],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,28676,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,28678,28679,28681,28683,28685,28688,28690,28692,28694],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,28680,137],{"class":136},[53,28682,121],{"class":67},[53,28684,72],{"class":71},[53,28686,28687],{"class":75},"Key:",[53,28689,72],{"class":71},[53,28691,81],{"class":67},[53,28693,21124],{"class":117},[53,28695,130],{"class":67},[53,28697,28698,28700,28702,28704,28707,28709,28711,28713],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,28699,137],{"class":136},[53,28701,121],{"class":67},[53,28703,72],{"class":71},[53,28705,28706],{"class":75},"Value:",[53,28708,72],{"class":71},[53,28710,81],{"class":67},[53,28712,7981],{"class":117},[53,28714,130],{"class":67},[53,28716,28717,28719,28721,28723,28726,28728,28730,28732],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,28718,137],{"class":136},[53,28720,121],{"class":67},[53,28722,72],{"class":71},[53,28724,28725],{"class":75},"Dictionary:",[53,28727,72],{"class":71},[53,28729,81],{"class":67},[53,28731,28666],{"class":117},[53,28733,130],{"class":67},[20,28735,28736],{},[30,28737,388],{},[44,28739,28741],{"className":46,"code":28740,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28742,28743,28753,28763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28744,28745,28748,28750],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28746,28747],{"class":59},"Key",[53,28749,171],{"class":67},[53,28751,28752],{"class":59}," pages\n",[53,28754,28755,28758,28760],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28756,28757],{"class":59},"Value",[53,28759,171],{"class":67},[53,28761,28762],{"class":333}," 200\n",[53,28764,28765,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,28766,28767],{"class":59},"Dictionary",[53,28769,171],{"class":67},[53,28771,10041],{"class":67},[53,28773,2862],{"class":71},[53,28775,15010],{"class":75},[53,28777,2862],{"class":71},[53,28779,171],{"class":67},[53,28781,2857],{"class":71},[53,28783,15019],{"class":75},[53,28785,2862],{"class":71},[53,28787,8860],{"class":67},[20,28789,28790],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[39,28792,28794],{"id":28793},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28796,28797,28798,28022,28800,37],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28799,12321],{},[30,28801,28025],{},[20,28803,316],{},[44,28805,28807],{"className":46,"code":28806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28808,28809,28853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28810,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28812,8716],{"class":59},[53,28814,64],{"class":63},[53,28816,10041],{"class":67},[53,28818,72],{"class":71},[53,28820,1735],{"class":75},[53,28822,72],{"class":71},[53,28824,171],{"class":67},[53,28826,821],{"class":333},[53,28828,81],{"class":67},[53,28830,84],{"class":71},[53,28832,11296],{"class":75},[53,28834,72],{"class":71},[53,28836,171],{"class":67},[53,28838,790],{"class":333},[53,28840,81],{"class":67},[53,28842,84],{"class":71},[53,28844,21622],{"class":75},[53,28846,72],{"class":71},[53,28848,171],{"class":67},[53,28850,1269],{"class":333},[53,28852,8860],{"class":67},[53,28854,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28856,137],{"class":136},[53,28858,121],{"class":67},[53,28860,8755],{"class":117},[53,28862,37],{"class":67},[53,28864,28091],{"class":117},[53,28866,6745],{"class":67},[20,28868,28869],{},[30,28870,388],{},[44,28872,28874],{"className":46,"code":28873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28875,28876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28877,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28879,121],{"class":67},[53,28881,2862],{"class":71},[53,28883,21622],{"class":75},[53,28885,2862],{"class":71},[53,28887,81],{"class":67},[53,28889,1269],{"class":333},[53,28891,130],{"class":67},[20,28893,28894],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28896,28897,28898,28900,28901,28903],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28899,1112],{}," think of ",[15,28902,12321],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28905,28906,28907,891,28911,894,28915,37],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[195,28908,28909],{"href":16623},[15,28910,16626],{},[195,28912,28913],{"href":16611},[15,28914,16614],{},[195,28916,28917],{"href":16617},[15,28918,16620],{},[39,28920,28922,28923,667,28925],{"id":28921},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28924,12321],{},[15,28926,12314],{},[20,28928,28929,667,28931,28933],{},[15,28930,12321],{},[15,28932,12314],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1418,28935,28936],{"id":28091},[15,28937,12321],{},[173,28939,28940,28943,28946],{},[176,28941,28942],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[176,28944,28945],{},"does not need a key argument",[176,28947,3251,28948],{},[15,28949,21200],{},[1418,28951,28952],{"id":25786},[15,28953,12314],{},[173,28955,28956,28959,28962],{},[176,28957,28958],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[176,28960,28961],{},"needs the key name",[176,28963,28964],{},"returns only the value",[20,28966,316],{},[44,28968,28970],{"className":46,"code":28969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28971,28972,29016,29020,29034,29054,29058,29080,29099,29103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28973,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28975,8716],{"class":59},[53,28977,64],{"class":63},[53,28979,10041],{"class":67},[53,28981,72],{"class":71},[53,28983,195],{"class":75},[53,28985,72],{"class":71},[53,28987,171],{"class":67},[53,28989,821],{"class":333},[53,28991,81],{"class":67},[53,28993,84],{"class":71},[53,28995,704],{"class":75},[53,28997,72],{"class":71},[53,28999,171],{"class":67},[53,29001,790],{"class":333},[53,29003,81],{"class":67},[53,29005,84],{"class":71},[53,29007,713],{"class":75},[53,29009,72],{"class":71},[53,29011,171],{"class":67},[53,29013,1269],{"class":333},[53,29015,8860],{"class":67},[53,29017,29018],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29019,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29021,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29023,28082],{"class":59},[53,29025,64],{"class":63},[53,29027,14117],{"class":59},[53,29029,37],{"class":67},[53,29031,28091],{"class":117},[53,29033,8192],{"class":67},[53,29035,29036,29038,29040,29042,29045,29047,29049,29052],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,29037,137],{"class":136},[53,29039,121],{"class":67},[53,29041,72],{"class":71},[53,29043,29044],{"class":75},"popitem():",[53,29046,72],{"class":71},[53,29048,81],{"class":67},[53,29050,29051],{"class":117}," item",[53,29053,130],{"class":67},[53,29055,29056],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,29057,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29059,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,29061,2006],{"class":59},[53,29063,64],{"class":63},[53,29065,14117],{"class":59},[53,29067,37],{"class":67},[53,29069,25786],{"class":117},[53,29071,121],{"class":67},[53,29073,72],{"class":71},[53,29075,195],{"class":75},[53,29077,72],{"class":71},[53,29079,130],{"class":67},[53,29081,29082,29084,29086,29088,29091,29093,29095,29097],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,29083,137],{"class":136},[53,29085,121],{"class":67},[53,29087,72],{"class":71},[53,29089,29090],{"class":75},"pop('a'):",[53,29092,72],{"class":71},[53,29094,81],{"class":67},[53,29096,7981],{"class":117},[53,29098,130],{"class":67},[53,29100,29101],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,29102,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29104,29105,29107,29109,29111],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,29106,137],{"class":136},[53,29108,121],{"class":67},[53,29110,8755],{"class":117},[53,29112,130],{"class":67},[20,29114,29115],{},[30,29116,388],{},[44,29118,29120],{"className":46,"code":29119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29121,29122,29143,29160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29123,29124,29126,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29125,28091],{"class":117},[53,29127,29128],{"class":67},"():",[53,29130,8787],{"class":67},[53,29132,2862],{"class":71},[53,29134,713],{"class":75},[53,29136,2862],{"class":71},[53,29138,81],{"class":67},[53,29140,1269],{"class":333},[53,29142,130],{"class":67},[53,29144,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29146,25786],{"class":117},[53,29148,121],{"class":67},[53,29150,2862],{"class":71},[53,29152,195],{"class":75},[53,29154,2862],{"class":71},[53,29156,16003],{"class":67},[53,29158,29159],{"class":333}," 1\n",[53,29161,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29163,8829],{"class":67},[53,29165,2862],{"class":71},[53,29167,704],{"class":75},[53,29169,2862],{"class":71},[53,29171,171],{"class":67},[53,29173,790],{"class":333},[53,29175,8860],{"class":67},[20,29177,152,29178,29182],{},[195,29179,29180],{"href":12118},[15,29181,12314],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29184,152,29185,29187],{},[15,29186,12321],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[39,29189,29191],{"id":29190},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29193,29194,29195,29197],{},"Calling ",[15,29196,12321],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[44,29199,29201],{"className":46,"code":29200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29202,29203,29211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29204,29205,29207,29209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29206,8716],{"class":59},[53,29208,64],{"class":63},[53,29210,9389],{"class":67},[53,29212,29213,29215,29217,29219],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29214,8755],{"class":59},[53,29216,37],{"class":67},[53,29218,28091],{"class":117},[53,29220,8192],{"class":67},[20,29222,29223],{},[30,29224,29225],{},"Error:",[44,29227,29229],{"className":46,"code":29228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29230,29231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29232,29233,29235,29237,29239,29242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29234,19234],{"class":1320},[53,29236,171],{"class":67},[53,29238,2857],{"class":71},[53,29240,29241],{"class":75},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[53,29243,29244],{"class":71},"'\n",[1418,29246,29248],{"id":29247},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[44,29250,29252],{"className":46,"code":29251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29253,29254,29262,29266,29274,29289,29299,29305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29255,29256,29258,29260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29257,8716],{"class":59},[53,29259,64],{"class":63},[53,29261,9389],{"class":67},[53,29263,29264],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29265,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29267,29268,29270,29272],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29269,1042],{"class":1041},[53,29271,14117],{"class":59},[53,29273,1053],{"class":67},[53,29275,29276,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,29277,29278],{"class":59},"    item ",[53,29280,64],{"class":63},[53,29282,14117],{"class":59},[53,29284,37],{"class":67},[53,29286,28091],{"class":117},[53,29288,8192],{"class":67},[53,29290,29291,29293,29295,29297],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,29292,1058],{"class":136},[53,29294,121],{"class":67},[53,29296,22856],{"class":117},[53,29298,130],{"class":67},[53,29300,29301,29303],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,29302,1079],{"class":1041},[53,29304,1053],{"class":67},[53,29306,29307,29309,29311,29313,29316,29318],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,29308,1058],{"class":136},[53,29310,121],{"class":67},[53,29312,72],{"class":71},[53,29314,29315],{"class":75},"Dictionary is empty",[53,29317,72],{"class":71},[53,29319,130],{"class":67},[1418,29321,29323,29324],{"id":29322},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29325,29326],{},"try-except",[44,29328,29330],{"className":46,"code":29329,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29331,29332,29340,29344,29351,29365,29375,29385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29333,29334,29336,29338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29335,8716],{"class":59},[53,29337,64],{"class":63},[53,29339,9389],{"class":67},[53,29341,29342],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29343,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29345,29346,29349],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29347,29348],{"class":1041},"try",[53,29350,1053],{"class":67},[53,29352,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,29354,29278],{"class":59},[53,29356,64],{"class":63},[53,29358,14117],{"class":59},[53,29360,37],{"class":67},[53,29362,28091],{"class":117},[53,29364,8192],{"class":67},[53,29366,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,29368,1058],{"class":136},[53,29370,121],{"class":67},[53,29372,22856],{"class":117},[53,29374,130],{"class":67},[53,29376,29377,29380,29383],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,29378,29379],{"class":1041},"except",[53,29381,29382],{"class":1320}," KeyError",[53,29384,1053],{"class":67},[53,29386,29387,29389,29391,29393,29396,29398],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,29388,1058],{"class":136},[53,29390,121],{"class":67},[53,29392,72],{"class":71},[53,29394,29395],{"class":75},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[53,29397,72],{"class":71},[53,29399,130],{"class":67},[20,29401,29402,29403,37],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[195,29404,25225,29406],{"href":29405},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29407,29408],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29410,1391,29412],{"id":29411},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29413,12321],{},[20,29415,29416,29418],{},[15,29417,12321],{}," is useful when:",[173,29420,29421,29424,29427],{},[176,29422,29423],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[176,29425,29426],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[176,29428,29429],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29431,29432],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[44,29434,29436],{"className":46,"code":29435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29437,29438,29447,29467,29487,29505,29509,29513,29523,29542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29439,29440,29443,29445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29441,29442],{"class":59},"tasks ",[53,29444,64],{"class":63},[53,29446,11043],{"class":67},[53,29448,29449,29451,29454,29456,29458,29460,29463,29465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29450,11048],{"class":71},[53,29452,29453],{"class":75},"first",[53,29455,72],{"class":71},[53,29457,171],{"class":67},[53,29459,84],{"class":71},[53,29461,29462],{"class":75},"wash dishes",[53,29464,72],{"class":71},[53,29466,11064],{"class":67},[53,29468,29469,29471,29474,29476,29478,29480,29483,29485],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29470,11048],{"class":71},[53,29472,29473],{"class":75},"second",[53,29475,72],{"class":71},[53,29477,171],{"class":67},[53,29479,84],{"class":71},[53,29481,29482],{"class":75},"do homework",[53,29484,72],{"class":71},[53,29486,11064],{"class":67},[53,29488,29489,29491,29494,29496,29498,29500,29503],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,29490,11048],{"class":71},[53,29492,29493],{"class":75},"third",[53,29495,72],{"class":71},[53,29497,171],{"class":67},[53,29499,84],{"class":71},[53,29501,29502],{"class":75},"read book",[53,29504,1032],{"class":71},[53,29506,29507],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,29508,8860],{"class":67},[53,29510,29511],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,29512,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29514,29515,29518,29521],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,29516,29517],{"class":1041},"while",[53,29519,29520],{"class":59}," tasks",[53,29522,1053],{"class":67},[53,29524,29525,29528,29530,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,29526,29527],{"class":59},"    key",[53,29529,81],{"class":67},[53,29531,21129],{"class":59},[53,29533,64],{"class":63},[53,29535,29520],{"class":59},[53,29537,37],{"class":67},[53,29539,28091],{"class":117},[53,29541,8192],{"class":67},[53,29543,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,29545,1058],{"class":136},[53,29547,121],{"class":67},[53,29549,21839],{"class":1627},[53,29551,72],{"class":75},[53,29553,8829],{"class":333},[53,29555,14392],{"class":117},[53,29557,21848],{"class":333},[53,29559,21851],{"class":75},[53,29561,8829],{"class":333},[53,29563,224],{"class":117},[53,29565,21848],{"class":333},[53,29567,72],{"class":75},[53,29569,130],{"class":67},[20,29571,29572],{},[30,29573,29574],{},"Possible output:",[44,29576,29578],{"className":46,"code":29577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29579,29580,29589,29598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29581,29582,29584,29586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29583,29493],{"class":59},[53,29585,171],{"class":67},[53,29587,29588],{"class":59}," read book\n",[53,29590,29591,29593,29595],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29592,29473],{"class":59},[53,29594,171],{"class":67},[53,29596,29597],{"class":59}," do homework\n",[53,29599,29600,29602,29604],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29601,29453],{"class":59},[53,29603,171],{"class":67},[53,29605,29606],{"class":59}," wash dishes\n",[20,29608,28605,29609,29611],{},[15,29610,12321],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[39,29613,2389],{"id":2388},[20,29615,14284,29616,171],{},[15,29617,12321],{},[173,29619,29620,29634,29653,29664],{},[176,29621,29622,29627],{},[30,29623,29194,29624,29626],{},[15,29625,12321],{}," on an empty dictionary",[173,29628,29629],{},[176,29630,29631,29632,37],{},"This raises ",[15,29633,19234],{},[176,29635,29636,29641],{},[30,29637,8001,29638,29640],{},[15,29639,12321],{}," to remove a specific key",[173,29642,29643,29646],{},[176,29644,29645],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[176,29647,152,29648,29652],{},[195,29649,29650],{"href":12118},[15,29651,12314],{}," if you need that.",[176,29654,29655,29659],{},[30,29656,4261,29657,27244],{},[15,29658,12321],{},[173,29660,29661],{},[176,29662,29663],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[176,29665,29666,29669],{},[30,29667,29668],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[173,29670,29671],{},[176,29672,29673,21520,29675,29677],{},[15,29674,12321],{},[15,29676,21200],{}," tuple.",[20,29679,29680],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[44,29682,29684],{"className":46,"code":29683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29685,29686,29696,29710,29714,29728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29687,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29689,137],{"class":136},[53,29691,121],{"class":67},[53,29693,10999],{"class":117},[53,29695,130],{"class":67},[53,29697,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706,29708],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29699,137],{"class":136},[53,29701,121],{"class":67},[53,29703,10711],{"class":136},[53,29705,121],{"class":67},[53,29707,10999],{"class":117},[53,29709,628],{"class":67},[53,29711,29712],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29713,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,29715,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,29717,28082],{"class":59},[53,29719,64],{"class":63},[53,29721,11317],{"class":59},[53,29723,37],{"class":67},[53,29725,28091],{"class":117},[53,29727,8192],{"class":67},[53,29729,29730,29732,29734,29736],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,29731,137],{"class":136},[53,29733,121],{"class":67},[53,29735,22856],{"class":117},[53,29737,130],{"class":67},[20,29739,29740],{},"Or with unpacking:",[44,29742,29744],{"className":46,"code":29743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29745,29746,29764,29774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29747,29748,29750,29752,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29749,14392],{"class":59},[53,29751,81],{"class":67},[53,29753,21129],{"class":59},[53,29755,64],{"class":63},[53,29757,11317],{"class":59},[53,29759,37],{"class":67},[53,29761,28091],{"class":117},[53,29763,8192],{"class":67},[53,29765,29766,29768,29770,29772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29767,137],{"class":136},[53,29769,121],{"class":67},[53,29771,14392],{"class":117},[53,29773,130],{"class":67},[53,29775,29776,29778,29780,29782],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,29777,137],{"class":136},[53,29779,121],{"class":67},[53,29781,224],{"class":117},[53,29783,130],{"class":67},[39,29785,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,29787,1421,29789,1424],{"id":29788},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29790,12321],{},[20,29792,29793,29794,37],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29795,29796],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1418,29798,1431,29800,29802],{"id":29799},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29801,12321],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29804,29805],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1418,29807,29809,29810,29812],{"id":29808},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29811,12321],{}," removes?",[20,29814,29815,29816,29820],{},"No. Use ",[195,29817,29818],{"href":12118},[15,29819,12314],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1418,29822,1431,29824,14447],{"id":29823},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29825,12321],{},[20,29827,29828],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1418,29830,29832,29833,29835],{"id":29831},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29834,12321],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29837,29838,29839,29841,29842,37],{},"It raises ",[15,29840,19234],{}," with the message ",[15,29843,29241],{},[39,29845,1471],{"id":1470},[173,29847,29848,29855,29861,29867,29873,29880,29884,29888],{},[176,29849,29850],{},[195,29851,29852,29854],{"href":12118},[15,29853,12314],{}," method for dictionaries",[176,29856,29857],{},[195,29858,29859,29854],{"href":16623},[15,29860,16626],{},[176,29862,29863],{},[195,29864,29865,29854],{"href":16611},[15,29866,16614],{},[176,29868,29869],{},[195,29870,29871,29854],{"href":16617},[15,29872,16620],{},[176,29874,29875],{},[195,29876,29878,29854],{"href":29877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29879,10871],{},[176,29881,29882],{},[195,29883,12338],{"href":12125},[176,29885,29886],{},[195,29887,21002],{"href":16148},[176,29889,29890],{},[195,29891,29892,29893],{"href":29405},"Fix ",[15,29894,29408],{},[1494,29896,29897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":29899},[29900,29901,29903,29904,29905,29906,29907,29908,29913,29918,29920,29921,29933],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":28178,"depth":104,"text":29902},"What popitem() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":28248,"depth":104,"text":28249},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":28601,"depth":104,"text":28602},{"id":28793,"depth":104,"text":28794},{"id":28921,"depth":104,"text":29909,"children":29910},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29911,29912],{"id":28091,"depth":133,"text":12321},{"id":25786,"depth":133,"text":12314},{"id":29190,"depth":104,"text":29191,"children":29914},[29915,29916],{"id":29247,"depth":133,"text":29248},{"id":29322,"depth":133,"text":29917},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29411,"depth":104,"text":29919},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":29922},[29923,29925,29927,29929,29931],{"id":29788,"depth":133,"text":29924},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29799,"depth":133,"text":29926},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29808,"depth":133,"text":29928},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29823,"depth":133,"text":29930},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29831,"depth":133,"text":29932},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27917,"description":29934},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29941,"title":29942,"body":29943,"description":31845,"extension":1524,"meta":31846,"navigation":372,"path":13583,"seo":31847,"stem":31848,"__hash__":31849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29944,"toc":31817},[29945,29950,29955,29958,29960,30057,30062,30067,30072,30075,30083,30086,30101,30103,30203,30205,30262,30266,30268,30270,30290,30295,30306,30309,30336,30339,30341,30398,30400,30421,30427,30432,30435,30446,30448,30556,30558,30611,30613,30625,30632,30638,30643,30646,30734,30736,30781,30784,30792,30795,30798,30867,30870,30873,30877,30880,30951,30953,31006,31009,31012,31015,31030,31033,31045,31048,31111,31113,31119,31121,31123,31202,31204,31245,31247,31312,31314,31351,31356,31361,31365,31379,31382,31505,31507,31592,31597,31599,31603,31625,31628,31708,31711,31730,31735,31737,31743,31748,31754,31757,31763,31766,31772,31777,31783,31789,31791,31814],[10,29946,10868,29948,18],{"id":29947},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29949,14505],{},[20,29951,1541,29952,29954],{},[15,29953,14505],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29956,29957],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[39,29959,1566],{"id":1565},[44,29961,29963],{"className":46,"code":29962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29964,29965,30001,30042,30052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29966,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29968,12754],{"class":59},[53,29970,64],{"class":63},[53,29972,10041],{"class":67},[53,29974,72],{"class":71},[53,29976,7220],{"class":75},[53,29978,72],{"class":71},[53,29980,171],{"class":67},[53,29982,84],{"class":71},[53,29984,12432],{"class":75},[53,29986,72],{"class":71},[53,29988,81],{"class":67},[53,29990,84],{"class":71},[53,29992,8850],{"class":75},[53,29994,72],{"class":71},[53,29996,171],{"class":67},[53,29998,339],{"class":333},[53,30000,8860],{"class":67},[53,30002,30003,30005,30007,30010,30012,30014,30016,30018,30020,30023,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30004,16855],{"class":59},[53,30006,37],{"class":67},[53,30008,30009],{"class":117},"update",[53,30011,5081],{"class":67},[53,30013,72],{"class":71},[53,30015,8850],{"class":75},[53,30017,72],{"class":71},[53,30019,171],{"class":67},[53,30021,30022],{"class":333}," 21",[53,30024,81],{"class":67},[53,30026,84],{"class":71},[53,30028,9959],{"class":75},[53,30030,72],{"class":71},[53,30032,171],{"class":67},[53,30034,84],{"class":71},[53,30036,15582],{"class":75},[53,30038,72],{"class":71},[53,30040,30041],{"class":67},"})\n",[53,30043,30044,30046,30048,30050],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30045,137],{"class":136},[53,30047,121],{"class":67},[53,30049,16855],{"class":117},[53,30051,130],{"class":67},[53,30053,30054],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,30055,30056],{"class":148},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30058,152,30059,30061],{},[15,30060,14505],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[39,30063,163,30065,166],{"id":30064},"what-update-does",[15,30066,14505],{},[20,30068,30069,30071],{},[15,30070,14505],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30073,30074],{},"It can do two main things:",[173,30076,30077,30080],{},[176,30078,30079],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[176,30081,30082],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30084,30085],{},"Important things to know:",[173,30087,30088,30091,30094,30098],{},[176,30089,30090],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[176,30092,30093],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[176,30095,4701,30096],{},[15,30097,3338],{},[176,30099,30100],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30102,316],{},[44,30104,30106],{"className":46,"code":30105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30107,30108,30150,30193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30109,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30146,30148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30111,12415],{"class":59},[53,30113,64],{"class":63},[53,30115,10041],{"class":67},[53,30117,72],{"class":71},[53,30119,7220],{"class":75},[53,30121,72],{"class":71},[53,30123,171],{"class":67},[53,30125,84],{"class":71},[53,30127,30128],{"class":75},"Mira",[53,30130,72],{"class":71},[53,30132,81],{"class":67},[53,30134,84],{"class":71},[53,30136,19438],{"class":75},[53,30138,72],{"class":71},[53,30140,171],{"class":67},[53,30142,84],{"class":71},[53,30144,30145],{"class":75},"B",[53,30147,72],{"class":71},[53,30149,8860],{"class":67},[53,30151,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160,30162,30164,30166,30168,30170,30172,30174,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30189,30191],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30153,13176],{"class":59},[53,30155,37],{"class":67},[53,30157,30009],{"class":117},[53,30159,5081],{"class":67},[53,30161,72],{"class":71},[53,30163,19438],{"class":75},[53,30165,72],{"class":71},[53,30167,171],{"class":67},[53,30169,84],{"class":71},[53,30171,21790],{"class":75},[53,30173,72],{"class":71},[53,30175,81],{"class":67},[53,30177,84],{"class":71},[53,30179,9959],{"class":75},[53,30181,72],{"class":71},[53,30183,171],{"class":67},[53,30185,84],{"class":71},[53,30187,30188],{"class":75},"Quito",[53,30190,72],{"class":71},[53,30192,30041],{"class":67},[53,30194,30195,30197,30199,30201],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30196,137],{"class":136},[53,30198,121],{"class":67},[53,30200,13176],{"class":117},[53,30202,130],{"class":67},[20,30204,388],{},[44,30206,30208],{"className":46,"code":30207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30209,30210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30211,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30213,8829],{"class":67},[53,30215,2862],{"class":71},[53,30217,7220],{"class":75},[53,30219,2862],{"class":71},[53,30221,171],{"class":67},[53,30223,2857],{"class":71},[53,30225,30128],{"class":75},[53,30227,2862],{"class":71},[53,30229,81],{"class":67},[53,30231,2857],{"class":71},[53,30233,19438],{"class":75},[53,30235,2862],{"class":71},[53,30237,171],{"class":67},[53,30239,2857],{"class":71},[53,30241,21790],{"class":75},[53,30243,2862],{"class":71},[53,30245,81],{"class":67},[53,30247,2857],{"class":71},[53,30249,9959],{"class":75},[53,30251,2862],{"class":71},[53,30253,171],{"class":67},[53,30255,2857],{"class":71},[53,30257,30188],{"class":75},[53,30259,2862],{"class":71},[53,30261,8860],{"class":67},[20,30263,8702,30264,37],{},[195,30265,24174],{"href":8942},[39,30267,202],{"id":201},[20,30269,205],{},[44,30271,30273],{"className":46,"code":30272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30274,30275],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30276,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30278,15156],{"class":59},[53,30280,37],{"class":67},[53,30282,30009],{"class":117},[53,30284,121],{"class":67},[53,30286,30287],{"class":117},"other",[53,30289,130],{"class":67},[20,30291,30292,30294],{},[15,30293,30287],{}," can be:",[173,30296,30297,30300,30303],{},[176,30298,30299],{},"Another dictionary",[176,30301,30302],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[176,30304,30305],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30307,30308],{},"You can also use:",[44,30310,30312],{"className":46,"code":30311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30313,30314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30315,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30317,15156],{"class":59},[53,30319,37],{"class":67},[53,30321,30009],{"class":117},[53,30323,121],{"class":67},[53,30325,7220],{"class":8726},[53,30327,64],{"class":63},[53,30329,72],{"class":71},[53,30331,7229],{"class":75},[53,30333,72],{"class":71},[53,30335,130],{"class":67},[20,30337,30338],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30340,316],{},[44,30342,30344],{"className":46,"code":30343,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30345,30346,30366,30388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30347,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362,30364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30349,8716],{"class":59},[53,30351,64],{"class":63},[53,30353,10041],{"class":67},[53,30355,72],{"class":71},[53,30357,195],{"class":75},[53,30359,72],{"class":71},[53,30361,171],{"class":67},[53,30363,821],{"class":333},[53,30365,8860],{"class":67},[53,30367,30368,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30369,8755],{"class":59},[53,30371,37],{"class":67},[53,30373,30009],{"class":117},[53,30375,5081],{"class":67},[53,30377,72],{"class":71},[53,30379,195],{"class":75},[53,30381,72],{"class":71},[53,30383,171],{"class":67},[53,30385,5556],{"class":333},[53,30387,30041],{"class":67},[53,30389,30390,30392,30394,30396],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30391,137],{"class":136},[53,30393,121],{"class":67},[53,30395,8755],{"class":117},[53,30397,130],{"class":67},[20,30399,388],{},[44,30401,30403],{"className":46,"code":30402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30404,30405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30406,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415,30417,30419],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30408,8829],{"class":67},[53,30410,2862],{"class":71},[53,30412,195],{"class":75},[53,30414,2862],{"class":71},[53,30416,171],{"class":67},[53,30418,5556],{"class":333},[53,30420,8860],{"class":67},[39,30422,664,30424,30426],{"id":30423},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30425,14505],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30428,30429,30430,37],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30431,14505],{},[20,30433,30434],{},"It is useful when:",[173,30436,30437,30440,30443],{},[176,30438,30439],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[176,30441,30442],{},"Adding extra settings",[176,30444,30445],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30447,316],{},[44,30449,30451],{"className":46,"code":30450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30452,30453,30490,30527,30531,30546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30454,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30456,13376],{"class":59},[53,30458,64],{"class":63},[53,30460,10041],{"class":67},[53,30462,72],{"class":71},[53,30464,12046],{"class":75},[53,30466,72],{"class":71},[53,30468,171],{"class":67},[53,30470,84],{"class":71},[53,30472,20475],{"class":75},[53,30474,72],{"class":71},[53,30476,81],{"class":67},[53,30478,84],{"class":71},[53,30480,13401],{"class":75},[53,30482,72],{"class":71},[53,30484,171],{"class":67},[53,30486,30487],{"class":333}," 12",[53,30489,8860],{"class":67},[53,30491,30492,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30493,30494],{"class":59},"new_settings ",[53,30496,64],{"class":63},[53,30498,10041],{"class":67},[53,30500,72],{"class":71},[53,30502,13401],{"class":75},[53,30504,72],{"class":71},[53,30506,171],{"class":67},[53,30508,13408],{"class":333},[53,30510,81],{"class":67},[53,30512,84],{"class":71},[53,30514,19670],{"class":75},[53,30516,72],{"class":71},[53,30518,171],{"class":67},[53,30520,84],{"class":71},[53,30522,19704],{"class":75},[53,30524,72],{"class":71},[53,30526,8860],{"class":67},[53,30528,30529],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30530,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30544],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,30534,13435],{"class":59},[53,30536,37],{"class":67},[53,30538,30009],{"class":117},[53,30540,121],{"class":67},[53,30542,30543],{"class":117},"new_settings",[53,30545,130],{"class":67},[53,30547,30548,30550,30552,30554],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,30549,137],{"class":136},[53,30551,121],{"class":67},[53,30553,13435],{"class":117},[53,30555,130],{"class":67},[20,30557,388],{},[44,30559,30561],{"className":46,"code":30560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30562,30563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30564,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30566,8829],{"class":67},[53,30568,2862],{"class":71},[53,30570,12046],{"class":75},[53,30572,2862],{"class":71},[53,30574,171],{"class":67},[53,30576,2857],{"class":71},[53,30578,20475],{"class":75},[53,30580,2862],{"class":71},[53,30582,81],{"class":67},[53,30584,2857],{"class":71},[53,30586,13401],{"class":75},[53,30588,2862],{"class":71},[53,30590,171],{"class":67},[53,30592,13408],{"class":333},[53,30594,81],{"class":67},[53,30596,2857],{"class":71},[53,30598,19670],{"class":75},[53,30600,2862],{"class":71},[53,30602,171],{"class":67},[53,30604,2857],{"class":71},[53,30606,19704],{"class":75},[53,30608,2862],{"class":71},[53,30610,8860],{"class":67},[20,30612,12959],{},[173,30614,30615,30620],{},[176,30616,30617,30619],{},[15,30618,13401],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[176,30621,30622,30624],{},[15,30623,19670],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30626,30627,30628,37],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[195,30629,30631],{"href":30630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[39,30633,664,30635,30637],{"id":30634},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30636,14505],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30639,30640,30642],{},[15,30641,14505],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30644,30645],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[44,30647,30649],{"className":46,"code":30648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30650,30651,30671,30706,30710,30724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30652,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30654,4618],{"class":59},[53,30656,64],{"class":63},[53,30658,10041],{"class":67},[53,30660,72],{"class":71},[53,30662,17964],{"class":75},[53,30664,72],{"class":71},[53,30666,171],{"class":67},[53,30668,19445],{"class":333},[53,30670,8860],{"class":67},[53,30672,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30698,30700,30702,30704],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30674,8766],{"class":59},[53,30676,64],{"class":63},[53,30678,8771],{"class":67},[53,30680,72],{"class":71},[53,30682,17973],{"class":75},[53,30684,72],{"class":71},[53,30686,81],{"class":67},[53,30688,13057],{"class":333},[53,30690,8784],{"class":67},[53,30692,8787],{"class":67},[53,30694,72],{"class":71},[53,30696,30697],{"class":75},"english",[53,30699,72],{"class":71},[53,30701,81],{"class":67},[53,30703,28464],{"class":333},[53,30705,8800],{"class":67},[53,30707,30708],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30709,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,30711,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,30713,15940],{"class":59},[53,30715,37],{"class":67},[53,30717,30009],{"class":117},[53,30719,121],{"class":67},[53,30721,8813],{"class":117},[53,30723,130],{"class":67},[53,30725,30726,30728,30730,30732],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,30727,137],{"class":136},[53,30729,121],{"class":67},[53,30731,15940],{"class":117},[53,30733,130],{"class":67},[20,30735,388],{},[44,30737,30739],{"className":46,"code":30738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30740,30741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30742,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30744,8829],{"class":67},[53,30746,2862],{"class":71},[53,30748,17964],{"class":75},[53,30750,2862],{"class":71},[53,30752,171],{"class":67},[53,30754,19445],{"class":333},[53,30756,81],{"class":67},[53,30758,2857],{"class":71},[53,30760,17973],{"class":75},[53,30762,2862],{"class":71},[53,30764,171],{"class":67},[53,30766,13057],{"class":333},[53,30768,81],{"class":67},[53,30770,2857],{"class":71},[53,30772,30697],{"class":75},[53,30774,2862],{"class":71},[53,30776,171],{"class":67},[53,30778,28464],{"class":333},[53,30780,8860],{"class":67},[20,30782,30783],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[173,30785,30786,30789],{},[176,30787,30788],{},"The key",[176,30790,30791],{},"The value",[20,30793,30794],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30796,30797],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[44,30799,30801],{"className":46,"code":30800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30802,30803,30823,30848,30852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30804,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30806,8716],{"class":59},[53,30808,64],{"class":63},[53,30810,10041],{"class":67},[53,30812,72],{"class":71},[53,30814,195],{"class":75},[53,30816,72],{"class":71},[53,30818,171],{"class":67},[53,30820,821],{"class":333},[53,30822,8860],{"class":67},[53,30824,30825,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30826,30827],{"class":59},"bad_pairs ",[53,30829,64],{"class":63},[53,30831,8771],{"class":67},[53,30833,72],{"class":71},[53,30835,704],{"class":75},[53,30837,72],{"class":71},[53,30839,81],{"class":67},[53,30841,790],{"class":333},[53,30843,81],{"class":67},[53,30845,1269],{"class":333},[53,30847,8800],{"class":67},[53,30849,30850],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30851,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,30853,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30865],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,30855,8755],{"class":59},[53,30857,37],{"class":67},[53,30859,30009],{"class":117},[53,30861,121],{"class":67},[53,30863,30864],{"class":117},"bad_pairs",[53,30866,130],{"class":67},[20,30868,30869],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30871,30872],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[39,30874,30876],{"id":30875},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30878,30879],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[44,30881,30883],{"className":46,"code":30882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30884,30885,30909,30941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30888,11038],{"class":59},[53,30890,64],{"class":63},[53,30892,10041],{"class":67},[53,30894,72],{"class":71},[53,30896,7220],{"class":75},[53,30898,72],{"class":71},[53,30900,171],{"class":67},[53,30902,84],{"class":71},[53,30904,28457],{"class":75},[53,30906,72],{"class":71},[53,30908,8860],{"class":67},[53,30910,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30930,30932,30934,30937,30939],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30912,11132],{"class":59},[53,30914,37],{"class":67},[53,30916,30009],{"class":117},[53,30918,121],{"class":67},[53,30920,8850],{"class":8726},[53,30922,64],{"class":63},[53,30924,8744],{"class":333},[53,30926,81],{"class":67},[53,30928,30929],{"class":8726}," city",[53,30931,64],{"class":63},[53,30933,72],{"class":71},[53,30935,30936],{"class":75},"Madrid",[53,30938,72],{"class":71},[53,30940,130],{"class":67},[53,30942,30943,30945,30947,30949],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,30944,137],{"class":136},[53,30946,121],{"class":67},[53,30948,11132],{"class":117},[53,30950,130],{"class":67},[20,30952,388],{},[44,30954,30956],{"className":46,"code":30955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30957,30958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30959,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30961,8829],{"class":67},[53,30963,2862],{"class":71},[53,30965,7220],{"class":75},[53,30967,2862],{"class":71},[53,30969,171],{"class":67},[53,30971,2857],{"class":71},[53,30973,28457],{"class":75},[53,30975,2862],{"class":71},[53,30977,81],{"class":67},[53,30979,2857],{"class":71},[53,30981,8850],{"class":75},[53,30983,2862],{"class":71},[53,30985,171],{"class":67},[53,30987,8857],{"class":333},[53,30989,81],{"class":67},[53,30991,2857],{"class":71},[53,30993,9959],{"class":75},[53,30995,2862],{"class":71},[53,30997,171],{"class":67},[53,30999,2857],{"class":71},[53,31001,30936],{"class":75},[53,31003,2862],{"class":71},[53,31005,8860],{"class":67},[20,31007,31008],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31010,31011],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31013,31014],{},"These work:",[173,31016,31017,31021,31025],{},[176,31018,31019],{},[15,31020,8850],{},[176,31022,31023],{},[15,31024,9959],{},[176,31026,31027],{},[15,31028,31029],{},"first_name",[20,31031,31032],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[173,31034,31035,31040],{},[176,31036,31037],{},[15,31038,31039],{},"\"first name\"",[176,31041,31042],{},[15,31043,31044],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31046,31047],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[44,31049,31051],{"className":46,"code":31050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31052,31053,31061,31101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31054,31055,31057,31059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31056,11038],{"class":59},[53,31058,64],{"class":63},[53,31060,9389],{"class":67},[53,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31092,31094,31096,31099],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31064,11132],{"class":59},[53,31066,37],{"class":67},[53,31068,30009],{"class":117},[53,31070,5081],{"class":67},[53,31072,72],{"class":71},[53,31074,10063],{"class":75},[53,31076,72],{"class":71},[53,31078,171],{"class":67},[53,31080,84],{"class":71},[53,31082,28457],{"class":75},[53,31084,72],{"class":71},[53,31086,81],{"class":67},[53,31088,84],{"class":71},[53,31090,31091],{"class":75},"user-id",[53,31093,72],{"class":71},[53,31095,171],{"class":67},[53,31097,31098],{"class":333}," 1001",[53,31100,30041],{"class":67},[53,31102,31103,31105,31107,31109],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31104,137],{"class":136},[53,31106,121],{"class":67},[53,31108,11132],{"class":117},[53,31110,130],{"class":67},[39,31112,16967],{"id":16966},[20,31114,31115,532,31117,37],{},[15,31116,14505],{},[15,31118,3338],{},[20,31120,13599],{},[20,31122,24254],{},[44,31124,31126],{"className":46,"code":31125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31127,31128,31152,31178,31182,31192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31129,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31131,12754],{"class":59},[53,31133,64],{"class":63},[53,31135,10041],{"class":67},[53,31137,72],{"class":71},[53,31139,7220],{"class":75},[53,31141,72],{"class":71},[53,31143,171],{"class":67},[53,31145,84],{"class":71},[53,31147,12432],{"class":75},[53,31149,72],{"class":71},[53,31151,8860],{"class":67},[53,31153,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31155,351],{"class":59},[53,31157,64],{"class":63},[53,31159,12797],{"class":59},[53,31161,37],{"class":67},[53,31163,30009],{"class":117},[53,31165,5081],{"class":67},[53,31167,72],{"class":71},[53,31169,8850],{"class":75},[53,31171,72],{"class":71},[53,31173,171],{"class":67},[53,31175,339],{"class":333},[53,31177,30041],{"class":67},[53,31179,31180],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31181,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,31185,137],{"class":136},[53,31187,121],{"class":67},[53,31189,383],{"class":117},[53,31191,130],{"class":67},[53,31193,31194,31196,31198,31200],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,31195,137],{"class":136},[53,31197,121],{"class":67},[53,31199,16855],{"class":117},[53,31201,130],{"class":67},[20,31203,388],{},[44,31205,31207],{"className":46,"code":31206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31208,31209,31213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31210,31211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31212,11359],{"class":3413},[53,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31216,8829],{"class":67},[53,31218,2862],{"class":71},[53,31220,7220],{"class":75},[53,31222,2862],{"class":71},[53,31224,171],{"class":67},[53,31226,2857],{"class":71},[53,31228,12432],{"class":75},[53,31230,2862],{"class":71},[53,31232,81],{"class":67},[53,31234,2857],{"class":71},[53,31236,8850],{"class":75},[53,31238,2862],{"class":71},[53,31240,171],{"class":67},[53,31242,339],{"class":333},[53,31244,8860],{"class":67},[20,31246,1183],{},[44,31248,31250],{"className":46,"code":31249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31251,31252,31276,31298,31302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31253,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31255,12754],{"class":59},[53,31257,64],{"class":63},[53,31259,10041],{"class":67},[53,31261,72],{"class":71},[53,31263,7220],{"class":75},[53,31265,72],{"class":71},[53,31267,171],{"class":67},[53,31269,84],{"class":71},[53,31271,12432],{"class":75},[53,31273,72],{"class":71},[53,31275,8860],{"class":67},[53,31277,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31279,16855],{"class":59},[53,31281,37],{"class":67},[53,31283,30009],{"class":117},[53,31285,5081],{"class":67},[53,31287,72],{"class":71},[53,31289,8850],{"class":75},[53,31291,72],{"class":71},[53,31293,171],{"class":67},[53,31295,339],{"class":333},[53,31297,30041],{"class":67},[53,31299,31300],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31301,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,31303,31304,31306,31308,31310],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,31305,137],{"class":136},[53,31307,121],{"class":67},[53,31309,16855],{"class":117},[53,31311,130],{"class":67},[20,31313,388],{},[44,31315,31317],{"className":46,"code":31316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31318,31319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31320,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31322,8829],{"class":67},[53,31324,2862],{"class":71},[53,31326,7220],{"class":75},[53,31328,2862],{"class":71},[53,31330,171],{"class":67},[53,31332,2857],{"class":71},[53,31334,12432],{"class":75},[53,31336,2862],{"class":71},[53,31338,81],{"class":67},[53,31340,2857],{"class":71},[53,31342,8850],{"class":75},[53,31344,2862],{"class":71},[53,31346,171],{"class":67},[53,31348,339],{"class":333},[53,31350,8860],{"class":67},[20,31352,31353,31354,37],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[195,31355,17451],{"href":10281},[39,31357,1391,31359],{"id":31358},"when-to-use-update",[15,31360,14505],{},[20,31362,152,31363,1398],{},[15,31364,14505],{},[173,31366,31367,31370,31373,31376],{},[176,31368,31369],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[176,31371,31372],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[176,31374,31375],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[176,31377,31378],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31380,31381],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[44,31383,31385],{"className":46,"code":31384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31386,31387,31423,31438,31442,31481,31485,31495],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31388,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31390,11637],{"class":59},[53,31392,64],{"class":63},[53,31394,10041],{"class":67},[53,31396,72],{"class":71},[53,31398,7220],{"class":75},[53,31400,72],{"class":71},[53,31402,171],{"class":67},[53,31404,84],{"class":71},[53,31406,12432],{"class":75},[53,31408,72],{"class":71},[53,31410,81],{"class":67},[53,31412,84],{"class":71},[53,31414,8850],{"class":75},[53,31416,72],{"class":71},[53,31418,171],{"class":67},[53,31420,339],{"class":333},[53,31422,8860],{"class":67},[53,31424,31425,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31426,31427],{"class":59},"updated ",[53,31429,64],{"class":63},[53,31431,11712],{"class":59},[53,31433,37],{"class":67},[53,31435,12463],{"class":117},[53,31437,8192],{"class":67},[53,31439,31440],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31441,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,31443,31444,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,31445,31446],{"class":59},"updated",[53,31448,37],{"class":67},[53,31450,30009],{"class":117},[53,31452,5081],{"class":67},[53,31454,72],{"class":71},[53,31456,8850],{"class":75},[53,31458,72],{"class":71},[53,31460,171],{"class":67},[53,31462,30022],{"class":333},[53,31464,81],{"class":67},[53,31466,84],{"class":71},[53,31468,9959],{"class":75},[53,31470,72],{"class":71},[53,31472,171],{"class":67},[53,31474,84],{"class":71},[53,31476,15582],{"class":75},[53,31478,72],{"class":71},[53,31480,30041],{"class":67},[53,31482,31483],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,31484,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,31486,31487,31489,31491,31493],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,31488,137],{"class":136},[53,31490,121],{"class":67},[53,31492,11684],{"class":117},[53,31494,130],{"class":67},[53,31496,31497,31499,31501,31503],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,31498,137],{"class":136},[53,31500,121],{"class":67},[53,31502,31446],{"class":117},[53,31504,130],{"class":67},[20,31506,388],{},[44,31508,31510],{"className":46,"code":31509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31511,31512,31544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31513,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31515,8829],{"class":67},[53,31517,2862],{"class":71},[53,31519,7220],{"class":75},[53,31521,2862],{"class":71},[53,31523,171],{"class":67},[53,31525,2857],{"class":71},[53,31527,12432],{"class":75},[53,31529,2862],{"class":71},[53,31531,81],{"class":67},[53,31533,2857],{"class":71},[53,31535,8850],{"class":75},[53,31537,2862],{"class":71},[53,31539,171],{"class":67},[53,31541,339],{"class":333},[53,31543,8860],{"class":67},[53,31545,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31547,8829],{"class":67},[53,31549,2862],{"class":71},[53,31551,7220],{"class":75},[53,31553,2862],{"class":71},[53,31555,171],{"class":67},[53,31557,2857],{"class":71},[53,31559,12432],{"class":75},[53,31561,2862],{"class":71},[53,31563,81],{"class":67},[53,31565,2857],{"class":71},[53,31567,8850],{"class":75},[53,31569,2862],{"class":71},[53,31571,171],{"class":67},[53,31573,30022],{"class":333},[53,31575,81],{"class":67},[53,31577,2857],{"class":71},[53,31579,9959],{"class":75},[53,31581,2862],{"class":71},[53,31583,171],{"class":67},[53,31585,2857],{"class":71},[53,31587,15582],{"class":75},[53,31589,2862],{"class":71},[53,31591,8860],{"class":67},[20,31593,31594,31595,37],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[195,31596,16149],{"href":16148},[39,31598,2389],{"id":2388},[20,31600,10297,31601,171],{},[15,31602,14505],{},[173,31604,31605,31612,31616,31619,31622],{},[176,31606,12146,31607,31609,31610],{},[15,31608,14505],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31611,3338],{},[176,31613,8001,31614,12154],{},[15,31615,14505],{},[176,31617,31618],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[176,31620,31621],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[176,31623,31624],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31626,31627],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[44,31629,31631],{"className":46,"code":31630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31632,31633,31643,31657,31671,31693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31634,31635,31637,31639,31641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31636,137],{"class":136},[53,31638,121],{"class":67},[53,31640,10999],{"class":117},[53,31642,130],{"class":67},[53,31644,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31646,137],{"class":136},[53,31648,121],{"class":67},[53,31650,1321],{"class":1320},[53,31652,121],{"class":67},[53,31654,8755],{"class":117},[53,31656,628],{"class":67},[53,31658,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31660,137],{"class":136},[53,31662,121],{"class":67},[53,31664,7643],{"class":1320},[53,31666,121],{"class":67},[53,31668,8755],{"class":117},[53,31670,628],{"class":67},[53,31672,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,31674,137],{"class":136},[53,31676,121],{"class":67},[53,31678,10999],{"class":117},[53,31680,37],{"class":67},[53,31682,19297],{"class":117},[53,31684,121],{"class":67},[53,31686,2862],{"class":71},[53,31688,14392],{"class":75},[53,31690,2862],{"class":71},[53,31692,628],{"class":67},[53,31694,31695,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,31696,31697],{"class":136},"help",[53,31699,121],{"class":67},[53,31701,8371],{"class":1320},[53,31703,37],{"class":67},[53,31705,30009],{"class":1223},[53,31707,130],{"class":67},[20,31709,31710],{},"These can help you check:",[173,31712,31713,31716,31721,31724,31727],{},[176,31714,31715],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[176,31717,31718,31719],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31720,14505],{},[176,31722,31723],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[176,31725,31726],{},"Whether a key exists",[176,31728,31729],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31731,31732,31733,37],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[195,31734,10812],{"href":10624},[39,31736,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,31738,1431,31740,31742],{"id":31739},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31741,14505],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31744,31745,31746,37],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31747,3338],{},[1418,31749,1431,31751,31753],{"id":31750},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31752,14505],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31755,31756],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1418,31758,1446,31760,31762],{"id":31759},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31761,14505],{}," add new keys?",[20,31764,31765],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1418,31767,27872,31769,31771],{"id":31768},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31770,14505],{}," with a list?",[20,31773,31774,31775,37],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31776,10644],{},[1418,31778,4731,31780,31782],{"id":31779},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31781,14505],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31784,31785,31786,31788],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31787,14505],{}," can change many keys at once.",[39,31790,1471],{"id":1470},[173,31792,31793,31797,31801,31806,31810],{},[176,31794,31795],{},[195,31796,25640],{"href":8942},[176,31798,31799],{},[195,31800,10801],{"href":10281},[176,31802,31803],{},[195,31804,31805],{"href":30630},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[176,31807,31808],{},[195,31809,21002],{"href":16148},[176,31811,31812],{},[195,31813,10812],{"href":10624},[1494,31815,31816],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":31818},[31819,31820,31822,31823,31825,31827,31828,31829,31831,31832,31844],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":30064,"depth":104,"text":31821},"What update() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":30423,"depth":104,"text":31824},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30634,"depth":104,"text":31826},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30875,"depth":104,"text":30876},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":31358,"depth":104,"text":31830},"When to use update()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":31833},[31834,31836,31838,31840,31842],{"id":31739,"depth":133,"text":31835},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31750,"depth":133,"text":31837},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31759,"depth":133,"text":31839},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31768,"depth":133,"text":31841},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31779,"depth":133,"text":31843},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29942,"description":31845},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31851,"title":31852,"body":31853,"description":33841,"extension":1524,"meta":33842,"navigation":372,"path":22440,"seo":33843,"stem":33844,"__hash__":33845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31854,"toc":33804},[31855,31860,31867,31870,31872,31971,31973,32028,32033,32038,32052,32057,32059,32074,32076,32090,32103,32108,32114,32121,32123,32230,32232,32281,32287,32362,32364,32385,32387,32390,32495,32497,32552,32554,32582,32586,32591,32670,32672,32692,32694,32705,32715,32719,32724,32827,32829,32854,32857,32868,32873,32882,32885,32902,32904,32991,32993,33056,33058,33081,33083,33088,33094,33099,33101,33140,33146,33149,33168,33179,33185,33188,33261,33263,33282,33287,33290,33313,33319,33322,33386,33389,33466,33473,33476,33535,33541,33543,33562,33566,33569,33620,33623,33643,33645,33706,33708,33713,33718,33723,33728,33733,33738,33744,33747,33756,33764,33766,33801],[10,31856,10868,31858,18],{"id":31857},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31859,16620],{},[20,31861,31862,31863,31866],{},"The Python ",[15,31864,31865],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31868,31869],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[39,31871,1566],{"id":1565},[44,31873,31875],{"className":46,"code":31874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31876,31877,31929,31943,31947,31957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31878,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31880,12415],{"class":59},[53,31882,64],{"class":63},[53,31884,10041],{"class":67},[53,31886,72],{"class":71},[53,31888,7220],{"class":75},[53,31890,72],{"class":71},[53,31892,171],{"class":67},[53,31894,84],{"class":71},[53,31896,12432],{"class":75},[53,31898,72],{"class":71},[53,31900,81],{"class":67},[53,31902,84],{"class":71},[53,31904,8850],{"class":75},[53,31906,72],{"class":71},[53,31908,171],{"class":67},[53,31910,339],{"class":333},[53,31912,81],{"class":67},[53,31914,84],{"class":71},[53,31916,9959],{"class":75},[53,31918,72],{"class":71},[53,31920,171],{"class":67},[53,31922,84],{"class":71},[53,31924,15582],{"class":75},[53,31926,72],{"class":71},[53,31928,8860],{"class":67},[53,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31932,3383],{"class":59},[53,31934,64],{"class":63},[53,31936,12458],{"class":59},[53,31938,37],{"class":67},[53,31940,4911],{"class":117},[53,31942,8192],{"class":67},[53,31944,31945],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,31946,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,31948,31949,31951,31953,31955],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,31950,137],{"class":136},[53,31952,121],{"class":67},[53,31954,4911],{"class":117},[53,31956,130],{"class":67},[53,31958,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,31960,137],{"class":136},[53,31962,121],{"class":67},[53,31964,7643],{"class":1320},[53,31966,121],{"class":67},[53,31968,4911],{"class":117},[53,31970,628],{"class":67},[20,31972,388],{},[44,31974,31976],{"className":46,"code":31975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31977,31978,32004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31979,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31981,16587],{"class":117},[53,31983,2546],{"class":67},[53,31985,2862],{"class":71},[53,31987,12432],{"class":75},[53,31989,2862],{"class":71},[53,31991,81],{"class":67},[53,31993,339],{"class":333},[53,31995,81],{"class":67},[53,31997,2857],{"class":71},[53,31999,15582],{"class":75},[53,32001,2862],{"class":71},[53,32003,3449],{"class":67},[53,32005,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32007,1226],{"class":67},[53,32009,2862],{"class":71},[53,32011,12432],{"class":75},[53,32013,2862],{"class":71},[53,32015,81],{"class":67},[53,32017,339],{"class":333},[53,32019,81],{"class":67},[53,32021,2857],{"class":71},[53,32023,15582],{"class":75},[53,32025,2862],{"class":71},[53,32027,101],{"class":67},[20,32029,32030,32032],{},[15,32031,16620],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[39,32034,163,32036,166],{"id":32035},"what-values-does",[15,32037,16620],{},[173,32039,32040,32043,32046,32049],{},[176,32041,32042],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[176,32044,32045],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[176,32047,32048],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[176,32050,32051],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32053,32054,32055,37],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[195,32056,8943],{"href":8942},[39,32058,202],{"id":201},[44,32060,32062],{"className":46,"code":32061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32063,32064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32065,32066,32068,32070,32072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32067,10999],{"class":59},[53,32069,37],{"class":67},[53,32071,4911],{"class":117},[53,32073,8192],{"class":67},[20,32075,12604],{},[173,32077,32078,32082,32085],{},[176,32079,32080,11015],{},[15,32081,16620],{},[176,32083,32084],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[176,32086,32087,32088],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32089,16620],{},[20,32091,32092,32093,667,32098,37],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[195,32094,32095,32097],{"href":16611},[15,32096,16614],{}," for dictionary keys",[195,32099,32100,32102],{"href":16623},[15,32101,16626],{}," for key-value pairs",[39,32104,163,32106,11256],{"id":32105},"what-values-returns",[15,32107,16620],{},[20,32109,32110,21520,32112,24309],{},[15,32111,16620],{},[15,32113,16587],{},[20,32115,32116,32117,32120],{},"This object is a ",[30,32118,32119],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32122,316],{},[44,32124,32126],{"className":46,"code":32125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32127,32128,32164,32168,32183,32194,32198,32220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32129,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32131,12754],{"class":59},[53,32133,64],{"class":63},[53,32135,10041],{"class":67},[53,32137,72],{"class":71},[53,32139,7220],{"class":75},[53,32141,72],{"class":71},[53,32143,171],{"class":67},[53,32145,84],{"class":71},[53,32147,7471],{"class":75},[53,32149,72],{"class":71},[53,32151,81],{"class":67},[53,32153,84],{"class":71},[53,32155,8850],{"class":75},[53,32157,72],{"class":71},[53,32159,171],{"class":67},[53,32161,8857],{"class":333},[53,32163,8860],{"class":67},[53,32165,32166],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32167,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32169,32170,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32171,32172],{"class":59},"values_view ",[53,32174,64],{"class":63},[53,32176,12797],{"class":59},[53,32178,37],{"class":67},[53,32180,4911],{"class":117},[53,32182,8192],{"class":67},[53,32184,32185,32187,32189,32192],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32186,137],{"class":136},[53,32188,121],{"class":67},[53,32190,32191],{"class":117},"values_view",[53,32193,130],{"class":67},[53,32195,32196],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,32197,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32199,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,32201,16855],{"class":59},[53,32203,1226],{"class":67},[53,32205,72],{"class":71},[53,32207,9959],{"class":75},[53,32209,72],{"class":71},[53,32211,12823],{"class":67},[53,32213,12826],{"class":63},[53,32215,84],{"class":71},[53,32217,30188],{"class":75},[53,32219,1032],{"class":71},[53,32221,32222,32224,32226,32228],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,32223,137],{"class":136},[53,32225,121],{"class":67},[53,32227,32191],{"class":117},[53,32229,130],{"class":67},[20,32231,388],{},[44,32233,32235],{"className":46,"code":32234,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32236,32237,32255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32238,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32240,16587],{"class":117},[53,32242,2546],{"class":67},[53,32244,2862],{"class":71},[53,32246,7471],{"class":75},[53,32248,2862],{"class":71},[53,32250,81],{"class":67},[53,32252,8857],{"class":333},[53,32254,3449],{"class":67},[53,32256,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32258,16587],{"class":117},[53,32260,2546],{"class":67},[53,32262,2862],{"class":71},[53,32264,7471],{"class":75},[53,32266,2862],{"class":71},[53,32268,81],{"class":67},[53,32270,8857],{"class":333},[53,32272,81],{"class":67},[53,32274,2857],{"class":71},[53,32276,30188],{"class":75},[53,32278,2862],{"class":71},[53,32280,3449],{"class":67},[20,32282,32283,32284,37],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32285,32286],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[44,32288,32290],{"className":46,"code":32289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32291,32292,32328,32347,32351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32293,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32295,12754],{"class":59},[53,32297,64],{"class":63},[53,32299,10041],{"class":67},[53,32301,72],{"class":71},[53,32303,7220],{"class":75},[53,32305,72],{"class":71},[53,32307,171],{"class":67},[53,32309,84],{"class":71},[53,32311,7471],{"class":75},[53,32313,72],{"class":71},[53,32315,81],{"class":67},[53,32317,84],{"class":71},[53,32319,8850],{"class":75},[53,32321,72],{"class":71},[53,32323,171],{"class":67},[53,32325,8857],{"class":333},[53,32327,8860],{"class":67},[53,32329,32330,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32331,32332],{"class":59},"values_list ",[53,32334,64],{"class":63},[53,32336,22105],{"class":1320},[53,32338,121],{"class":67},[53,32340,16855],{"class":117},[53,32342,37],{"class":67},[53,32344,4911],{"class":117},[53,32346,6745],{"class":67},[53,32348,32349],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32350,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32352,32353,32355,32357,32360],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32354,137],{"class":136},[53,32356,121],{"class":67},[53,32358,32359],{"class":117},"values_list",[53,32361,130],{"class":67},[20,32363,388],{},[44,32365,32367],{"className":46,"code":32366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32368,32369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32370,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32372,1226],{"class":67},[53,32374,2862],{"class":71},[53,32376,7471],{"class":75},[53,32378,2862],{"class":71},[53,32380,81],{"class":67},[53,32382,8857],{"class":333},[53,32384,101],{"class":67},[39,32386,11025],{"id":11024},[20,32388,32389],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[44,32391,32393],{"className":46,"code":32392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32394,32395,32449,32453,32467,32471,32481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32396,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32430,32432,32434,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32398,24341],{"class":59},[53,32400,64],{"class":63},[53,32402,10041],{"class":67},[53,32404,72],{"class":71},[53,32406,24350],{"class":75},[53,32408,72],{"class":71},[53,32410,171],{"class":67},[53,32412,84],{"class":71},[53,32414,24359],{"class":75},[53,32416,72],{"class":71},[53,32418,81],{"class":67},[53,32420,84],{"class":71},[53,32422,24368],{"class":75},[53,32424,72],{"class":71},[53,32426,171],{"class":67},[53,32428,32429],{"class":333}," 2022",[53,32431,81],{"class":67},[53,32433,84],{"class":71},[53,32435,32436],{"class":75},"color",[53,32438,72],{"class":71},[53,32440,171],{"class":67},[53,32442,84],{"class":71},[53,32444,579],{"class":75},[53,32446,72],{"class":71},[53,32448,8860],{"class":67},[53,32450,32451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32452,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32454,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32456,351],{"class":59},[53,32458,64],{"class":63},[53,32460,24390],{"class":59},[53,32462,37],{"class":67},[53,32464,4911],{"class":117},[53,32466,8192],{"class":67},[53,32468,32469],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32470,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32472,32473,32475,32477,32479],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,32474,137],{"class":136},[53,32476,121],{"class":67},[53,32478,383],{"class":117},[53,32480,130],{"class":67},[53,32482,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,32484,137],{"class":136},[53,32486,121],{"class":67},[53,32488,7643],{"class":1320},[53,32490,121],{"class":67},[53,32492,383],{"class":117},[53,32494,628],{"class":67},[20,32496,388],{},[44,32498,32500],{"className":46,"code":32499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32501,32502,32528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32503,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32505,16587],{"class":117},[53,32507,2546],{"class":67},[53,32509,2862],{"class":71},[53,32511,24359],{"class":75},[53,32513,2862],{"class":71},[53,32515,81],{"class":67},[53,32517,32429],{"class":333},[53,32519,81],{"class":67},[53,32521,2857],{"class":71},[53,32523,579],{"class":75},[53,32525,2862],{"class":71},[53,32527,3449],{"class":67},[53,32529,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32531,1226],{"class":67},[53,32533,2862],{"class":71},[53,32535,24359],{"class":75},[53,32537,2862],{"class":71},[53,32539,81],{"class":67},[53,32541,32429],{"class":333},[53,32543,81],{"class":67},[53,32545,2857],{"class":71},[53,32547,579],{"class":75},[53,32549,2862],{"class":71},[53,32551,101],{"class":67},[20,32553,11234],{},[173,32555,32556,32562,32568,32576],{},[176,32557,32558,32561],{},[15,32559,32560],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[176,32563,32564,32567],{},[15,32565,32566],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[176,32569,32570,32573,32574,24163],{},[15,32571,32572],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32575,16587],{},[176,32577,32578,32581],{},[15,32579,32580],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[39,32583,32585],{"id":32584},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32587,32588,32589,25609],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32590,5510],{},[44,32592,32594],{"className":46,"code":32593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32595,32596,32640,32644,32660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32597,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32599,4618],{"class":59},[53,32601,64],{"class":63},[53,32603,10041],{"class":67},[53,32605,72],{"class":71},[53,32607,17964],{"class":75},[53,32609,72],{"class":71},[53,32611,171],{"class":67},[53,32613,19445],{"class":333},[53,32615,81],{"class":67},[53,32617,84],{"class":71},[53,32619,30697],{"class":75},[53,32621,72],{"class":71},[53,32623,171],{"class":67},[53,32625,13057],{"class":333},[53,32627,81],{"class":67},[53,32629,84],{"class":71},[53,32631,17973],{"class":75},[53,32633,72],{"class":71},[53,32635,171],{"class":67},[53,32637,28464],{"class":333},[53,32639,8860],{"class":67},[53,32641,32642],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32643,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32645,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32647,5510],{"class":1041},[53,32649,21129],{"class":59},[53,32651,1048],{"class":1041},[53,32653,4665],{"class":59},[53,32655,37],{"class":67},[53,32657,4911],{"class":117},[53,32659,21140],{"class":67},[53,32661,32662,32664,32666,32668],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32663,1058],{"class":136},[53,32665,121],{"class":67},[53,32667,224],{"class":117},[53,32669,130],{"class":67},[20,32671,388],{},[44,32673,32675],{"className":46,"code":32674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32676,32677,32682,32687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32678,32679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32680,32681],{"class":333},"90\n",[53,32683,32684],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32685,32686],{"class":333},"85\n",[53,32688,32689],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32690,32691],{"class":333},"88\n",[20,32693,17257],{},[173,32695,32696,32699,32702],{},[176,32697,32698],{},"You only need the values",[176,32700,32701],{},"You do not care about the keys",[176,32703,32704],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32706,32707,32708,2438,32712,37],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[195,32709,10287,32710,660],{"href":16623},[15,32711,16626],{},[195,32713,22020],{"href":32714},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[39,32716,32718],{"id":32717},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32720,152,32721,32723],{},[15,32722,32286],{}," when you need a list.",[44,32725,32727],{"className":46,"code":32726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32728,32729,32774,32778,32798,32802,32813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32730,32731,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32732,32733],{"class":59},"fruit_prices ",[53,32735,64],{"class":63},[53,32737,10041],{"class":67},[53,32739,72],{"class":71},[53,32741,76],{"class":75},[53,32743,72],{"class":71},[53,32745,171],{"class":67},[53,32747,790],{"class":333},[53,32749,81],{"class":67},[53,32751,84],{"class":71},[53,32753,87],{"class":75},[53,32755,72],{"class":71},[53,32757,171],{"class":67},[53,32759,821],{"class":333},[53,32761,81],{"class":67},[53,32763,84],{"class":71},[53,32765,967],{"class":75},[53,32767,72],{"class":71},[53,32769,171],{"class":67},[53,32771,1269],{"class":333},[53,32773,8860],{"class":67},[53,32775,32776],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32777,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32779,32780,32783,32785,32787,32789,32792,32794,32796],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32781,32782],{"class":59},"price_list ",[53,32784,64],{"class":63},[53,32786,22105],{"class":1320},[53,32788,121],{"class":67},[53,32790,32791],{"class":117},"fruit_prices",[53,32793,37],{"class":67},[53,32795,4911],{"class":117},[53,32797,6745],{"class":67},[53,32799,32800],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32801,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32803,32804,32806,32808,32811],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,32805,137],{"class":136},[53,32807,121],{"class":67},[53,32809,32810],{"class":117},"price_list",[53,32812,130],{"class":67},[53,32814,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,32816,137],{"class":136},[53,32818,121],{"class":67},[53,32820,32810],{"class":117},[53,32822,1226],{"class":67},[53,32824,187],{"class":333},[53,32826,3449],{"class":67},[20,32828,388],{},[44,32830,32832],{"className":46,"code":32831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32833,32834,32850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32835,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32837,1226],{"class":67},[53,32839,525],{"class":333},[53,32841,81],{"class":67},[53,32843,821],{"class":333},[53,32845,81],{"class":67},[53,32847,1269],{"class":333},[53,32849,101],{"class":67},[53,32851,32852],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32853,490],{"class":333},[20,32855,32856],{},"This is helpful for:",[173,32858,32859,32862,32865],{},[176,32860,32861],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[176,32863,32864],{},"Accessing values by index",[176,32866,32867],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32869,3485,32870,32872],{},[15,32871,16587],{}," is not the same as a list.",[39,32874,32876,10136,32878,10136,32880],{"id":32875},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32877,16620],{},[15,32879,16614],{},[15,32881,16626],{},[20,32883,32884],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[173,32886,32887,32892,32897],{},[176,32888,32889,32891],{},[15,32890,16620],{}," returns only the values",[176,32893,32894,32896],{},[15,32895,16614],{}," returns only the keys",[176,32898,32899,32901],{},[15,32900,16626],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32903,1687],{},[44,32905,32907],{"className":46,"code":32906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32908,32909,32945,32949,32963,32977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32910,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32912,12415],{"class":59},[53,32914,64],{"class":63},[53,32916,10041],{"class":67},[53,32918,72],{"class":71},[53,32920,7220],{"class":75},[53,32922,72],{"class":71},[53,32924,171],{"class":67},[53,32926,84],{"class":71},[53,32928,12432],{"class":75},[53,32930,72],{"class":71},[53,32932,81],{"class":67},[53,32934,84],{"class":71},[53,32936,8850],{"class":75},[53,32938,72],{"class":71},[53,32940,171],{"class":67},[53,32942,339],{"class":333},[53,32944,8860],{"class":67},[53,32946,32947],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32948,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,32950,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,32952,137],{"class":136},[53,32954,121],{"class":67},[53,32956,13176],{"class":117},[53,32958,37],{"class":67},[53,32960,16473],{"class":117},[53,32962,6745],{"class":67},[53,32964,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,32966,137],{"class":136},[53,32968,121],{"class":67},[53,32970,13176],{"class":117},[53,32972,37],{"class":67},[53,32974,4911],{"class":117},[53,32976,6745],{"class":67},[53,32978,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,32980,137],{"class":136},[53,32982,121],{"class":67},[53,32984,13176],{"class":117},[53,32986,37],{"class":67},[53,32988,956],{"class":117},[53,32990,6745],{"class":67},[20,32992,388],{},[44,32994,32996],{"className":46,"code":32995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32997,32998,33020,33038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32999,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33001,16564],{"class":117},[53,33003,2546],{"class":67},[53,33005,2862],{"class":71},[53,33007,7220],{"class":75},[53,33009,2862],{"class":71},[53,33011,81],{"class":67},[53,33013,2857],{"class":71},[53,33015,8850],{"class":75},[53,33017,2862],{"class":71},[53,33019,3449],{"class":67},[53,33021,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33023,16587],{"class":117},[53,33025,2546],{"class":67},[53,33027,2862],{"class":71},[53,33029,12432],{"class":75},[53,33031,2862],{"class":71},[53,33033,81],{"class":67},[53,33035,339],{"class":333},[53,33037,3449],{"class":67},[53,33039,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33041,21453],{"class":117},[53,33043,9209],{"class":67},[53,33045,2862],{"class":71},[53,33047,7220],{"class":75},[53,33049,2862],{"class":71},[53,33051,81],{"class":67},[53,33053,339],{"class":333},[53,33055,10229],{"class":67},[20,33057,18242],{},[173,33059,33060,33067,33074],{},[176,33061,33062,33066],{},[195,33063,33064],{"href":16611},[15,33065,16614],{}," when you need just the keys",[176,33068,33069,33073],{},[195,33070,33071],{"href":16617},[15,33072,16620],{}," when you need just the values",[176,33075,33076,33080],{},[195,33077,33078],{"href":16623},[15,33079,16626],{}," when you need both",[39,33082,1129],{"id":1128},[20,33084,33085,33086,37],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33087,16620],{},[1418,33089,29194,33091,33093],{"id":33090},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33092,16620],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33095,33096,33098],{},[15,33097,16620],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33100,1209],{},[44,33102,33104],{"className":46,"code":33103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33105,33106,33126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33107,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33109,7858],{"class":59},[53,33111,64],{"class":63},[53,33113,68],{"class":67},[53,33115,517],{"class":333},[53,33117,81],{"class":67},[53,33119,790],{"class":333},[53,33121,81],{"class":67},[53,33123,1269],{"class":333},[53,33125,101],{"class":67},[53,33127,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33129,137],{"class":136},[53,33131,121],{"class":67},[53,33133,215],{"class":117},[53,33135,37],{"class":67},[53,33137,4911],{"class":117},[53,33139,6745],{"class":67},[20,33141,33142,33143,33145],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33144,16620],{}," method.",[20,33147,33148],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[44,33150,33152],{"className":46,"code":33151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33153,33154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33155,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33157,137],{"class":136},[53,33159,121],{"class":67},[53,33161,1321],{"class":1320},[53,33163,121],{"class":67},[53,33165,215],{"class":117},[53,33167,628],{"class":67},[20,33169,33170,33171,33173,33174,37],{},"If you get an ",[15,33172,25217],{},", see ",[195,33175,25225,33176,33178],{"href":25224},[15,33177,25228],{}," errors",[1418,33180,4136,33182,33184],{"id":33181},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33183,16620],{}," returns a list",[20,33186,33187],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[44,33189,33191],{"className":46,"code":33190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33192,33193,33229,33243,33247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33194,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33196,12415],{"class":59},[53,33198,64],{"class":63},[53,33200,10041],{"class":67},[53,33202,72],{"class":71},[53,33204,7220],{"class":75},[53,33206,72],{"class":71},[53,33208,171],{"class":67},[53,33210,84],{"class":71},[53,33212,12432],{"class":75},[53,33214,72],{"class":71},[53,33216,81],{"class":67},[53,33218,84],{"class":71},[53,33220,8850],{"class":75},[53,33222,72],{"class":71},[53,33224,171],{"class":67},[53,33226,339],{"class":333},[53,33228,8860],{"class":67},[53,33230,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33232,3383],{"class":59},[53,33234,64],{"class":63},[53,33236,12458],{"class":59},[53,33238,37],{"class":67},[53,33240,4911],{"class":117},[53,33242,8192],{"class":67},[53,33244,33245],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33246,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,33248,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,33250,137],{"class":136},[53,33252,121],{"class":67},[53,33254,1321],{"class":1320},[53,33256,121],{"class":67},[53,33258,4911],{"class":117},[53,33260,628],{"class":67},[20,33262,388],{},[44,33264,33266],{"className":46,"code":33265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33267,33268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33269,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33271,2851],{"class":63},[53,33273,2854],{"class":1627},[53,33275,2857],{"class":71},[53,33277,16587],{"class":75},[53,33279,2862],{"class":71},[53,33281,2865],{"class":63},[20,33283,4701,33284,33286],{},[15,33285,16587],{},", not a list.",[20,33288,33289],{},"If you need a list:",[44,33291,33293],{"className":46,"code":33292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33294,33295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33296,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33298,3383],{"class":59},[53,33300,64],{"class":63},[53,33302,22105],{"class":1320},[53,33304,121],{"class":67},[53,33306,13176],{"class":117},[53,33308,37],{"class":67},[53,33310,4911],{"class":117},[53,33312,6745],{"class":67},[1418,33314,33316,33317],{"id":33315},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33318,16587],{},[20,33320,33321],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[44,33323,33325],{"className":46,"code":33324,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33326,33327,33363,33377,33381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33328,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33330,12415],{"class":59},[53,33332,64],{"class":63},[53,33334,10041],{"class":67},[53,33336,72],{"class":71},[53,33338,7220],{"class":75},[53,33340,72],{"class":71},[53,33342,171],{"class":67},[53,33344,84],{"class":71},[53,33346,12432],{"class":75},[53,33348,72],{"class":71},[53,33350,81],{"class":67},[53,33352,84],{"class":71},[53,33354,8850],{"class":75},[53,33356,72],{"class":71},[53,33358,171],{"class":67},[53,33360,339],{"class":333},[53,33362,8860],{"class":67},[53,33364,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33366,3383],{"class":59},[53,33368,64],{"class":63},[53,33370,12458],{"class":59},[53,33372,37],{"class":67},[53,33374,4911],{"class":117},[53,33376,8192],{"class":67},[53,33378,33379],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33380,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,33382,33383],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,33384,33385],{"class":148},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33387,33388],{},"Convert to a list first:",[44,33390,33392],{"className":46,"code":33391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33393,33394,33430,33448,33452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33395,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33397,12415],{"class":59},[53,33399,64],{"class":63},[53,33401,10041],{"class":67},[53,33403,72],{"class":71},[53,33405,7220],{"class":75},[53,33407,72],{"class":71},[53,33409,171],{"class":67},[53,33411,84],{"class":71},[53,33413,12432],{"class":75},[53,33415,72],{"class":71},[53,33417,81],{"class":67},[53,33419,84],{"class":71},[53,33421,8850],{"class":75},[53,33423,72],{"class":71},[53,33425,171],{"class":67},[53,33427,339],{"class":333},[53,33429,8860],{"class":67},[53,33431,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33433,3383],{"class":59},[53,33435,64],{"class":63},[53,33437,22105],{"class":1320},[53,33439,121],{"class":67},[53,33441,13176],{"class":117},[53,33443,37],{"class":67},[53,33445,4911],{"class":117},[53,33447,6745],{"class":67},[53,33449,33450],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33451,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,33455,137],{"class":136},[53,33457,121],{"class":67},[53,33459,4911],{"class":117},[53,33461,1226],{"class":67},[53,33463,187],{"class":333},[53,33465,3449],{"class":67},[1418,33467,664,33469,1175,33471],{"id":33468},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33470,4911],{},[15,33472,16620],{},[20,33474,33475],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[44,33477,33479],{"className":46,"code":33478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33480,33481,33517,33521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33482,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33484,12415],{"class":59},[53,33486,64],{"class":63},[53,33488,10041],{"class":67},[53,33490,72],{"class":71},[53,33492,7220],{"class":75},[53,33494,72],{"class":71},[53,33496,171],{"class":67},[53,33498,84],{"class":71},[53,33500,12432],{"class":75},[53,33502,72],{"class":71},[53,33504,81],{"class":67},[53,33506,84],{"class":71},[53,33508,8850],{"class":75},[53,33510,72],{"class":71},[53,33512,171],{"class":67},[53,33514,339],{"class":333},[53,33516,8860],{"class":67},[53,33518,33519],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33520,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,33522,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33524,137],{"class":136},[53,33526,121],{"class":67},[53,33528,13176],{"class":117},[53,33530,37],{"class":67},[53,33532,4911],{"class":1223},[53,33534,130],{"class":67},[20,33536,33537,33540],{},[15,33538,33539],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33542,18242],{},[44,33544,33546],{"className":46,"code":33545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33547,33548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33549,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33551,137],{"class":136},[53,33553,121],{"class":67},[53,33555,13176],{"class":117},[53,33557,37],{"class":67},[53,33559,4911],{"class":117},[53,33561,6745],{"class":67},[1418,33563,33565],{"id":33564},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33567,33568],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[44,33570,33572],{"className":46,"code":33571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33573,33574,33606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33577,8716],{"class":59},[53,33579,64],{"class":63},[53,33581,10041],{"class":67},[53,33583,72],{"class":71},[53,33585,195],{"class":75},[53,33587,72],{"class":71},[53,33589,171],{"class":67},[53,33591,821],{"class":333},[53,33593,81],{"class":67},[53,33595,84],{"class":71},[53,33597,704],{"class":75},[53,33599,72],{"class":71},[53,33601,171],{"class":67},[53,33603,790],{"class":333},[53,33605,8860],{"class":67},[53,33607,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33609,137],{"class":136},[53,33611,121],{"class":67},[53,33613,8755],{"class":117},[53,33615,37],{"class":67},[53,33617,4911],{"class":117},[53,33619,6745],{"class":67},[20,33621,33622],{},"Not like this:",[44,33624,33626],{"className":46,"code":33625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33627,33628,33633,33638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33629,33630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33631,33632],{"class":148},"# Wrong examples:\n",[53,33634,33635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33636,33637],{"class":148},"# data().values()\n",[53,33639,33640],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33641,33642],{"class":148},"# values(data)\n",[20,33644,2902],{},[44,33646,33648],{"className":46,"code":33647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33649,33650,33664,33674,33688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33651,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33653,137],{"class":136},[53,33655,121],{"class":67},[53,33657,1321],{"class":1320},[53,33659,121],{"class":67},[53,33661,10999],{"class":117},[53,33663,628],{"class":67},[53,33665,33666,33668,33670,33672],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33667,137],{"class":136},[53,33669,121],{"class":67},[53,33671,10999],{"class":117},[53,33673,130],{"class":67},[53,33675,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,33677,137],{"class":136},[53,33679,121],{"class":67},[53,33681,10999],{"class":117},[53,33683,37],{"class":67},[53,33685,4911],{"class":117},[53,33687,6745],{"class":67},[53,33689,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,33691,137],{"class":136},[53,33693,121],{"class":67},[53,33695,7643],{"class":1320},[53,33697,121],{"class":67},[53,33699,10999],{"class":117},[53,33701,37],{"class":67},[53,33703,4911],{"class":117},[53,33705,5842],{"class":67},[39,33707,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,33709,1421,33711,1424],{"id":33710},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33712,31865],{},[20,33714,16970,33715,33717],{},[15,33716,16587],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1418,33719,1431,33721,23477],{"id":33720},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33722,16620],{},[20,33724,23480,33725,23484],{},[15,33726,33727],{},"list(...)",[1418,33729,25601,33731,1459],{"id":33730},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33732,31865],{},[20,33734,33735,33736,25609],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33737,5510],{},[1418,33739,1431,33741,33743],{"id":33740},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33742,31865],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33745,33746],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1418,33748,33750,33751,33753,33754,1459],{"id":33749},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33752,16620],{}," different from ",[15,33755,16626],{},[20,33757,33758,33760,33761,33763],{},[15,33759,16620],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33762,16626],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[39,33765,1471],{"id":1470},[173,33767,33768,33774,33780,33784,33790,33794],{},[176,33769,33770],{},[195,33771,10287,33772,660],{"href":16611},[15,33773,16614],{},[176,33775,33776],{},[195,33777,10287,33778,660],{"href":16623},[15,33779,16626],{},[176,33781,33782],{},[195,33783,10792],{"href":8942},[176,33785,33786],{},[195,33787,33789],{"href":33788},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[176,33791,33792],{},[195,33793,23562],{"href":32714},[176,33795,33796],{},[195,33797,29892,33798],{"href":25224},[15,33799,33800],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1494,33802,33803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":33805},[33806,33807,33809,33810,33812,33813,33814,33815,33817,33828,33840],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":32035,"depth":104,"text":33808},"What values() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":32105,"depth":104,"text":33811},"What values() returns",{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":32584,"depth":104,"text":32585},{"id":32717,"depth":104,"text":32718},{"id":32875,"depth":104,"text":33816},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":33818},[33819,33821,33823,33825,33827],{"id":33090,"depth":133,"text":33820},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33181,"depth":133,"text":33822},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33315,"depth":133,"text":33824},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33468,"depth":133,"text":33826},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33564,"depth":133,"text":33565},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":33829},[33830,33832,33834,33836,33838],{"id":33710,"depth":133,"text":33831},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33720,"depth":133,"text":33833},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33730,"depth":133,"text":33835},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33740,"depth":133,"text":33837},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33749,"depth":133,"text":33839},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31852,"description":33841},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33847,"title":33848,"body":33849,"description":35280,"extension":1524,"meta":35281,"navigation":372,"path":35282,"seo":35283,"stem":35284,"__hash__":35285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33850,"toc":35232},[33851,33857,33862,33865,33881,33890,33892,33924,33930,33933,34028,34031,34036,34041,34044,34055,34057,34071,34077,34079,34084,34090,34093,34132,34140,34145,34148,34193,34196,34208,34214,34220,34224,34257,34260,34278,34281,34285,34324,34326,34346,34349,34361,34366,34372,34375,34430,34433,34444,34447,34458,34461,34465,34471,34473,34503,34506,34521,34524,34527,34546,34549,34565,34574,34576,34607,34613,34618,34621,34628,34659,34662,34684,34687,34690,34704,34708,34739,34754,34761,34768,34772,34780,34784,34792,34795,34844,34855,34857,34860,34866,34871,34881,34885,34888,34891,34895,34898,34900,34921,34925,34931,34942,34948,34950,34956,34980,34983,35046,35049,35077,35080,35142,35144,35149,35152,35159,35167,35174,35177,35185,35191,35193,35220,35229],[10,33852,3138,33854,3142],{"id":33853},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33855,33856],{},"dir()",[20,33858,31862,33859,33861],{},[15,33860,33856],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33863,33864],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[173,33866,33867,33870,33873,33878],{},[176,33868,33869],{},"learning Python",[176,33871,33872],{},"exploring a new object",[176,33874,33875,33876],{},"debugging an ",[15,33877,25217],{},[176,33879,33880],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33882,33883,33884,33886,33887],{},"In short, ",[15,33885,33856],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33888,33889],{},"“What can I use here?”",[39,33891,1566],{"id":1565},[44,33893,33895],{"className":46,"code":33894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33896,33897,33909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33898,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33900,7426],{"class":59},[53,33902,64],{"class":63},[53,33904,84],{"class":71},[53,33906,3406],{"class":75},[53,33908,1032],{"class":71},[53,33910,33911,33913,33915,33918,33920,33922],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33912,137],{"class":136},[53,33914,121],{"class":67},[53,33916,33917],{"class":136},"dir",[53,33919,121],{"class":67},[53,33921,7220],{"class":117},[53,33923,628],{"class":67},[20,33925,152,33926,33929],{},[15,33927,33928],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33931,33932],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[44,33934,33936],{"className":46,"code":33935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33937,33938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33939,33940,33942,33944,33947,33949,33951,33953,33956,33958,33960,33962,33965,33967,33969,33971,33974,33976,33978,33980,33983,33985,33987,33989,33992,33994,33996,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34015,34017,34019,34021,34024,34026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33941,1226],{"class":67},[53,33943,2862],{"class":71},[53,33945,33946],{"class":75},"__add__",[53,33948,2862],{"class":71},[53,33950,81],{"class":67},[53,33952,2857],{"class":71},[53,33954,33955],{"class":75},"__class__",[53,33957,2862],{"class":71},[53,33959,81],{"class":67},[53,33961,2857],{"class":71},[53,33963,33964],{"class":75},"__contains__",[53,33966,2862],{"class":71},[53,33968,81],{"class":67},[53,33970,2857],{"class":71},[53,33972,33973],{"class":75},"__delattr__",[53,33975,2862],{"class":71},[53,33977,81],{"class":67},[53,33979,2857],{"class":71},[53,33981,33982],{"class":75},"__dir__",[53,33984,2862],{"class":71},[53,33986,81],{"class":67},[53,33988,2857],{"class":71},[53,33990,33991],{"class":75},"__doc__",[53,33993,2862],{"class":71},[53,33995,81],{"class":67},[53,33997,33999],{"class":33998},"s_hVV"," ...",[53,34001,81],{"class":67},[53,34003,2857],{"class":71},[53,34005,8189],{"class":75},[53,34007,2862],{"class":71},[53,34009,81],{"class":67},[53,34011,2857],{"class":71},[53,34013,34014],{"class":75},"split",[53,34016,2862],{"class":71},[53,34018,81],{"class":67},[53,34020,2857],{"class":71},[53,34022,34023],{"class":75},"upper",[53,34025,2862],{"class":71},[53,34027,101],{"class":67},[20,34029,34030],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[39,34032,163,34034,166],{"id":34033},"what-dir-does",[15,34035,33856],{},[20,34037,34038,34040],{},[15,34039,33856],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34042,34043],{},"It usually includes:",[173,34045,34046,34049,34052],{},[176,34047,34048],{},"attributes",[176,34050,34051],{},"methods",[176,34053,34054],{},"special Python names",[20,34056,11008],{},[173,34058,34059,34065,34068],{},[176,34060,34061,34062],{},"The result is a ",[30,34063,34064],{},"list of strings",[176,34066,34067],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[176,34069,34070],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34072,34073,34074,34076],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34075,33856],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[39,34078,202],{"id":201},[20,34080,34081,34083],{},[15,34082,33856],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1418,34085,34087,34089],{"id":34086},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34088,33856],{}," with no argument",[20,34091,34092],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[44,34094,34096],{"className":46,"code":34095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34097,34098,34106,34118,34122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34099,34100,34102,34104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34101,2585],{"class":59},[53,34103,64],{"class":63},[53,34105,2145],{"class":333},[53,34107,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34109,7426],{"class":59},[53,34111,64],{"class":63},[53,34113,84],{"class":71},[53,34115,7229],{"class":75},[53,34117,1032],{"class":71},[53,34119,34120],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,34121,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34123,34124,34126,34128,34130],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,34125,137],{"class":136},[53,34127,121],{"class":67},[53,34129,33917],{"class":136},[53,34131,6745],{"class":67},[20,34133,34134,34135,667,34137,34139],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34136,1735],{},[15,34138,7220],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1418,34141,34143],{"id":34142},"dirobject",[15,34144,33928],{},[20,34146,34147],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[44,34149,34151],{"className":46,"code":34150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34152,34153,34171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34154,34155,34157,34159,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34156,137],{"class":136},[53,34158,121],{"class":67},[53,34160,33917],{"class":136},[53,34162,121],{"class":67},[53,34164,72],{"class":71},[53,34166,3406],{"class":75},[53,34168,72],{"class":71},[53,34170,628],{"class":67},[53,34172,34173,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34174,137],{"class":136},[53,34176,121],{"class":67},[53,34178,33917],{"class":136},[53,34180,2546],{"class":67},[53,34182,517],{"class":333},[53,34184,81],{"class":67},[53,34186,790],{"class":333},[53,34188,81],{"class":67},[53,34190,1269],{"class":333},[53,34192,2559],{"class":67},[20,34194,34195],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[173,34197,34198,34200,34202,34205],{},[176,34199,4861],{},[176,34201,4852],{},[176,34203,34204],{},"modules",[176,34206,34207],{},"custom objects",[39,34209,664,34211,34213],{"id":34210},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34212,33856],{}," with a value",[20,34215,34216,34217,34219],{},"A common use of ",[15,34218,33856],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1418,34221,34223],{"id":34222},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[44,34225,34227],{"className":46,"code":34226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34228,34229,34242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34230,34231,34234,34236,34238,34240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34232,34233],{"class":59},"text ",[53,34235,64],{"class":63},[53,34237,84],{"class":71},[53,34239,3406],{"class":75},[53,34241,1032],{"class":71},[53,34243,34244,34246,34248,34250,34252,34255],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34245,137],{"class":136},[53,34247,121],{"class":67},[53,34249,33917],{"class":136},[53,34251,121],{"class":67},[53,34253,34254],{"class":117},"text",[53,34256,628],{"class":67},[20,34258,34259],{},"You will see method names like:",[173,34261,34262,34266,34270,34274],{},[176,34263,34264],{},[15,34265,8189],{},[176,34267,34268],{},[15,34269,34023],{},[176,34271,34272],{},[15,34273,34014],{},[176,34275,34276],{},[15,34277,8183],{},[20,34279,34280],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1418,34282,34284],{"id":34283},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[44,34286,34288],{"className":46,"code":34287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34289,34290,34310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34291,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34293,326],{"class":59},[53,34295,64],{"class":63},[53,34297,68],{"class":67},[53,34299,517],{"class":333},[53,34301,81],{"class":67},[53,34303,790],{"class":333},[53,34305,81],{"class":67},[53,34307,1269],{"class":333},[53,34309,101],{"class":67},[53,34311,34312,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34313,137],{"class":136},[53,34315,121],{"class":67},[53,34317,33917],{"class":136},[53,34319,121],{"class":67},[53,34321,3209],{"class":117},[53,34323,628],{"class":67},[20,34325,34259],{},[173,34327,34328,34332,34336,34341],{},[176,34329,34330],{},[15,34331,13103],{},[176,34333,34334],{},[15,34335,25786],{},[176,34337,34338],{},[15,34339,34340],{},"remove",[176,34342,34343],{},[15,34344,34345],{},"sort",[20,34347,34348],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34350,34351,34352,34357,34358,34360],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[195,34353,34355],{"href":34354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34356,1862],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34359,33856],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[39,34362,664,34364,34089],{"id":34363},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34365,33856],{},[20,34367,34368,34369,34371],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34370,33856],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34373,34374],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[44,34376,34378],{"className":46,"code":34377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34379,34380,34389,34393,34404,34416,34420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34381,34382,34384,34386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34383,2585],{"class":59},[53,34385,64],{"class":63},[53,34387,34388],{"class":333}," 5\n",[53,34390,34391],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34392,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34394,34395,34398,34402],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,34396,34397],{"class":1627},"def",[53,34399,34401],{"class":34400},"sGLFI"," greet",[53,34403,21140],{"class":67},[53,34405,34406,34409,34411,34414],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,34407,34408],{"class":1041},"    return",[53,34410,84],{"class":71},[53,34412,34413],{"class":75},"Hello",[53,34415,1032],{"class":71},[53,34417,34418],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,34419,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34421,34422,34424,34426,34428],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,34423,137],{"class":136},[53,34425,121],{"class":67},[53,34427,33917],{"class":136},[53,34429,6745],{"class":67},[20,34431,34432],{},"The output will include names like:",[173,34434,34435,34439],{},[176,34436,34437],{},[15,34438,1735],{},[176,34440,34441],{},[15,34442,34443],{},"greet",[20,34445,34446],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[173,34448,34449,34452,34455],{},[176,34450,34451],{},"what variables exist",[176,34453,34454],{},"what functions you have defined",[176,34456,34457],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34459,34460],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[39,34462,34464],{"id":34463},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34466,34467,34468,34470],{},"When you first use ",[15,34469,33856],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34472,316],{},[44,34474,34475],{"className":46,"code":34226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,34476,34477,34489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34478,34479,34481,34483,34485,34487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34480,34233],{"class":59},[53,34482,64],{"class":63},[53,34484,84],{"class":71},[53,34486,3406],{"class":75},[53,34488,1032],{"class":71},[53,34490,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34492,137],{"class":136},[53,34494,121],{"class":67},[53,34496,33917],{"class":136},[53,34498,121],{"class":67},[53,34500,34254],{"class":117},[53,34502,628],{"class":67},[20,34504,34505],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[173,34507,34508,34512,34516],{},[176,34509,34510],{},[15,34511,33955],{},[176,34513,34514],{},[15,34515,33991],{},[176,34517,34518],{},[15,34519,34520],{},"__len__",[20,34522,34523],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34525,34526],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[173,34528,34529,34533,34537,34541],{},[176,34530,34531],{},[15,34532,34023],{},[176,34534,34535],{},[15,34536,8189],{},[176,34538,34539],{},[15,34540,34014],{},[176,34542,34543],{},[15,34544,34545],{},"replace",[20,34547,34548],{},"A key point to remember:",[173,34550,34551,34559],{},[176,34552,34553,34555,34556],{},[15,34554,33856],{}," lists ",[30,34557,34558],{},"names only",[176,34560,34561,34562,34564],{},"it does ",[30,34563,1112],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34566,34567,34568,37],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[195,34569,34571],{"href":34570},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34572,34573],{},"help()",[20,34575,5024],{},[44,34577,34579],{"className":46,"code":34578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34580,34581,34593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34582,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34584,7426],{"class":59},[53,34586,64],{"class":63},[53,34588,84],{"class":71},[53,34590,3406],{"class":75},[53,34592,1032],{"class":71},[53,34594,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603,34605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34596,31697],{"class":136},[53,34598,121],{"class":67},[53,34600,7220],{"class":117},[53,34602,37],{"class":67},[53,34604,34023],{"class":1223},[53,34606,130],{"class":67},[39,34608,34610,34612],{"id":34609},"dir-on-modules",[15,34611,33856],{}," on modules",[20,34614,15266,34615,34617],{},[15,34616,33856],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34619,34620],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1418,34622,34624,34625,34627],{"id":34623},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34626,17964],{}," module",[44,34629,34631],{"className":46,"code":34630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34632,34633,34641,34645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34634,34635,34638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34636,34637],{"class":1041},"import",[53,34639,34640],{"class":59}," math\n",[53,34642,34643],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34644,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34646,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,34648,137],{"class":136},[53,34650,121],{"class":67},[53,34652,33917],{"class":136},[53,34654,121],{"class":67},[53,34656,17964],{"class":117},[53,34658,628],{"class":67},[20,34660,34661],{},"You may see names like:",[173,34663,34664,34669,34674,34679],{},[176,34665,34666],{},[15,34667,34668],{},"sqrt",[176,34670,34671],{},[15,34672,34673],{},"ceil",[176,34675,34676],{},[15,34677,34678],{},"floor",[176,34680,34681],{},[15,34682,34683],{},"pi",[20,34685,34686],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34688,34689],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[173,34691,34692,34698],{},[176,34693,34694],{},[195,34695,34697],{"href":34696},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[176,34699,34700],{},[195,34701,34703],{"href":34702},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1418,34705,34707],{"id":34706},"another-example","Another example",[44,34709,34711],{"className":46,"code":34710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34712,34713,34720,34724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34714,34715,34717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34716,34637],{"class":1041},[53,34718,34719],{"class":59}," json\n",[53,34721,34722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34723,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34725,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734,34737],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,34727,137],{"class":136},[53,34729,121],{"class":67},[53,34731,33917],{"class":136},[53,34733,121],{"class":67},[53,34735,34736],{"class":117},"json",[53,34738,628],{"class":67},[20,34740,34741,34742,891,34745,891,34748,894,34751,37],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34743,34744],{},"dump",[15,34746,34747],{},"dumps",[15,34749,34750],{},"load",[15,34752,34753],{},"loads",[39,34755,34757,10136,34759],{"id":34756},"dir-vs-help",[15,34758,33856],{},[15,34760,34573],{},[20,34762,34763,667,34765,34767],{},[15,34764,33856],{},[15,34766,34573],{}," are often used together.",[1418,34769,34770],{"id":33917},[15,34771,33856],{},[173,34773,34774,34777],{},[176,34775,34776],{},"shows available names",[176,34778,34779],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1418,34781,34782],{"id":31697},[15,34783,34573],{},[173,34785,34786,34789],{},[176,34787,34788],{},"explains what an object or function does",[176,34790,34791],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34793,34794],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[44,34796,34798],{"className":46,"code":34797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34799,34800,34812,34816,34830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34801,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34803,7426],{"class":59},[53,34805,64],{"class":63},[53,34807,84],{"class":71},[53,34809,3406],{"class":75},[53,34811,1032],{"class":71},[53,34813,34814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34815,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,34817,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826,34828],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,34819,137],{"class":136},[53,34821,121],{"class":67},[53,34823,33917],{"class":136},[53,34825,121],{"class":67},[53,34827,7220],{"class":117},[53,34829,628],{"class":67},[53,34831,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,34833,31697],{"class":136},[53,34835,121],{"class":67},[53,34837,7220],{"class":117},[53,34839,37],{"class":67},[53,34841,34023],{"class":1223},[53,34843,130],{"class":67},[20,34845,152,34846,34848,34849,34851,34852,34854],{},[15,34847,33856],{}," first to find a method name.",[1147,34850],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34853,34573],{}," to understand how to use it.",[39,34856,24903],{"id":24902},[20,34858,34859],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1418,34861,34863,34865],{"id":34862},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34864,33856],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34867,34868,34870],{},[15,34869,33856],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34872,34873,34874,34876,34877,34880],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34875,34023],{}," in ",[15,34878,34879],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1418,34882,34884],{"id":34883},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34886,34887],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34889,34890],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1418,34892,34894],{"id":34893},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34896,34897],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34899,5024],{},[173,34901,34902,34907,34913],{},[176,34903,34904,34906],{},[15,34905,34879],{}," shows string-related names",[176,34908,34909,34912],{},[15,34910,34911],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[176,34914,34915,34918,34919,34627],{},[15,34916,34917],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34920,17964],{},[1418,34922,34924],{"id":34923},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34926,34927,34928,34930],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34929,33856],{}," does not mean you already know:",[173,34932,34933,34936,34939],{},[176,34934,34935],{},"what it does",[176,34937,34938],{},"what arguments it needs",[176,34940,34941],{},"what it returns",[20,34943,34944,34945,34947],{},"That is why ",[15,34946,34573],{}," is the natural next step.",[39,34949,2389],{"id":2388},[20,34951,34952,34953,34955],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34954,33856],{}," in these situations:",[173,34957,34958,34961,34970,34973],{},[176,34959,34960],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[176,34962,34963,34964,34969],{},"Seeing an ",[195,34965,34967],{"href":34966},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34968,25217],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[176,34971,34972],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[176,34974,664,34975,34977,34978],{},[15,34976,33856],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34979,34573],{},[20,34981,34982],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[44,34984,34986],{"className":46,"code":34985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34987,34988,35000,35004,35018,35032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34989,34990,34992,34994,34996,34998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34991,7426],{"class":59},[53,34993,64],{"class":63},[53,34995,84],{"class":71},[53,34997,3406],{"class":75},[53,34999,1032],{"class":71},[53,35001,35002],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35003,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35005,35006,35008,35010,35012,35014,35016],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35007,137],{"class":136},[53,35009,121],{"class":67},[53,35011,1321],{"class":1320},[53,35013,121],{"class":67},[53,35015,7220],{"class":117},[53,35017,628],{"class":67},[53,35019,35020,35022,35024,35026,35028,35030],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35021,137],{"class":136},[53,35023,121],{"class":67},[53,35025,33917],{"class":136},[53,35027,121],{"class":67},[53,35029,7220],{"class":117},[53,35031,628],{"class":67},[53,35033,35034,35036,35038,35040,35042,35044],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,35035,31697],{"class":136},[53,35037,121],{"class":67},[53,35039,7220],{"class":117},[53,35041,37],{"class":67},[53,35043,34023],{"class":1223},[53,35045,130],{"class":67},[20,35047,35048],{},"And for modules:",[44,35050,35051],{"className":46,"code":34630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,35052,35053,35059,35063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35054,35055,35057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35056,34637],{"class":1041},[53,35058,34640],{"class":59},[53,35060,35061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35062,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35064,35065,35067,35069,35071,35073,35075],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35066,137],{"class":136},[53,35068,121],{"class":67},[53,35070,33917],{"class":136},[53,35072,121],{"class":67},[53,35074,17964],{"class":117},[53,35076,628],{"class":67},[20,35078,35079],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[44,35081,35083],{"className":46,"code":35082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35084,35085,35090,35102,35112,35126,35132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35086,35087],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35088,35089],{"class":59},"python\n",[53,35091,35092,35094,35096,35098,35100],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35093,7426],{"class":59},[53,35095,64],{"class":63},[53,35097,84],{"class":71},[53,35099,3406],{"class":75},[53,35101,1032],{"class":71},[53,35103,35104,35106,35108,35110],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35105,33917],{"class":136},[53,35107,121],{"class":67},[53,35109,7220],{"class":117},[53,35111,130],{"class":67},[53,35113,35114,35116,35118,35120,35122,35124],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35115,31697],{"class":136},[53,35117,121],{"class":67},[53,35119,7220],{"class":117},[53,35121,37],{"class":67},[53,35123,34023],{"class":1223},[53,35125,130],{"class":67},[53,35127,35128,35130],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,35129,34637],{"class":1041},[53,35131,34640],{"class":59},[53,35133,35134,35136,35138,35140],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,35135,33917],{"class":136},[53,35137,121],{"class":67},[53,35139,17964],{"class":117},[53,35141,130],{"class":67},[39,35143,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,35145,1421,35147,1424],{"id":35146},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35148,33856],{},[20,35150,35151],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1418,35153,4731,35155,667,35157,1459],{"id":35154},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35156,33856],{},[15,35158,34573],{},[20,35160,35161,35163,35164,35166],{},[15,35162,33856],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35165,34573],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1418,35168,35170,35171,35173],{"id":35169},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35172,33856],{}," output?",[20,35175,35176],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1418,35178,1446,35180,35182,35183,1459],{"id":35179},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35181,33856],{}," help fix ",[15,35184,25217],{},[20,35186,35187,35188,37],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[195,35189,35190],{"href":34966},"object has no attribute",[39,35192,1471],{"id":1470},[173,35194,35195,35201,35206,35210,35214],{},[176,35196,35197],{},[195,35198,3138,35199,3071],{"href":34570},[15,35200,34573],{},[176,35202,35203],{},[195,35204,35205],{"href":34966},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[176,35207,35208],{},[195,35209,34697],{"href":34696},[176,35211,35212],{},[195,35213,34703],{"href":34702},[176,35215,35216],{},[195,35217,3138,35218,3071],{"href":34354},[15,35219,1862],{},[20,35221,35222,35223,35225,35226,35228],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35224,33856],{}," together with ",[15,35227,34573],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1494,35230,35231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":35233},[35234,35235,35237,35242,35247,35249,35250,35256,35261,35268,35269,35279],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":34033,"depth":104,"text":35236},"What dir() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":35238},[35239,35241],{"id":34086,"depth":133,"text":35240},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34142,"depth":133,"text":33928},{"id":34210,"depth":104,"text":35243,"children":35244},"Using dir() with a value",[35245,35246],{"id":34222,"depth":133,"text":34223},{"id":34283,"depth":133,"text":34284},{"id":34363,"depth":104,"text":35248},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34463,"depth":104,"text":34464},{"id":34609,"depth":104,"text":35251,"children":35252},"dir() on modules",[35253,35255],{"id":34623,"depth":133,"text":35254},"Example: math module",{"id":34706,"depth":133,"text":34707},{"id":34756,"depth":104,"text":35257,"children":35258},"dir() vs help()",[35259,35260],{"id":33917,"depth":133,"text":33856},{"id":31697,"depth":133,"text":34573},{"id":24902,"depth":104,"text":24903,"children":35262},[35263,35265,35266,35267],{"id":34862,"depth":133,"text":35264},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34883,"depth":133,"text":34884},{"id":34893,"depth":133,"text":34894},{"id":34923,"depth":133,"text":34924},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":35270},[35271,35273,35275,35277],{"id":35146,"depth":133,"text":35272},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35154,"depth":133,"text":35274},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35169,"depth":133,"text":35276},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35179,"depth":133,"text":35278},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33848,"description":35280},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35287,"title":35288,"body":35289,"description":37103,"extension":1524,"meta":37104,"navigation":372,"path":37105,"seo":37106,"stem":37107,"__hash__":37108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35290,"toc":37072},[35291,35297,35302,35305,35313,35319,35321,35400,35402,35428,35433,35438,35443,35446,35457,35460,35462,35541,35543,35569,35576,35578,35580,35604,35607,35619,35624,35626,35705,35707,35733,35742,35747,35755,35761,35768,35771,35773,35851,35854,35911,35913,35950,35956,35961,35966,35969,35983,35985,36088,36090,36133,36142,36152,36159,36165,36172,36255,36257,36280,36283,36286,36288,36292,36296,36299,36362,36385,36388,36392,36398,36400,36467,36470,36547,36552,36558,36561,36564,36610,36612,36636,36641,36645,36650,36656,36719,36722,36724,36727,36752,36755,36890,36892,36993,36995,37000,37003,37009,37019,37027,37032,37038,37044,37046,37069],[10,35292,3138,35294,3142],{"id":35293},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35295,35296],{},"enumerate()",[20,35298,35299,35301],{},[15,35300,35296],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35303,35304],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[173,35306,35307,35310],{},[176,35308,35309],{},"the item itself",[176,35311,35312],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35314,35315,35316,35318],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35317,35296],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[39,35320,1566],{"id":1565},[44,35322,35324],{"className":46,"code":35323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35325,35326,35358,35362,35385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35327,35328,35330,35332,35334,35336,35338,35340,35342,35344,35346,35348,35350,35352,35354,35356],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35329,561],{"class":59},[53,35331,64],{"class":63},[53,35333,68],{"class":67},[53,35335,72],{"class":71},[53,35337,570],{"class":75},[53,35339,72],{"class":71},[53,35341,81],{"class":67},[53,35343,84],{"class":71},[53,35345,596],{"class":75},[53,35347,72],{"class":71},[53,35349,81],{"class":67},[53,35351,84],{"class":71},[53,35353,579],{"class":75},[53,35355,72],{"class":71},[53,35357,101],{"class":67},[53,35359,35360],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35361,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35363,35364,35366,35369,35371,35374,35376,35379,35381,35383],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35365,5510],{"class":1041},[53,35367,35368],{"class":59}," index",[53,35370,81],{"class":67},[53,35372,35373],{"class":59}," color ",[53,35375,1048],{"class":1041},[53,35377,35378],{"class":136}," enumerate",[53,35380,121],{"class":67},[53,35382,613],{"class":117},[53,35384,7891],{"class":67},[53,35386,35387,35389,35391,35393,35395,35398],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35388,1058],{"class":136},[53,35390,121],{"class":67},[53,35392,118],{"class":117},[53,35394,81],{"class":67},[53,35396,35397],{"class":117}," color",[53,35399,130],{"class":67},[20,35401,388],{},[44,35403,35405],{"className":46,"code":35404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35406,35407,35414,35421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35408,35409,35411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35410,187],{"class":333},[53,35412,35413],{"class":59}," red\n",[53,35415,35416,35418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35417,517],{"class":333},[53,35419,35420],{"class":59}," green\n",[53,35422,35423,35425],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35424,525],{"class":333},[53,35426,35427],{"class":59}," blue\n",[20,35429,152,35430,35432],{},[15,35431,35296],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[39,35434,163,35436,166],{"id":35435},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35437,35296],{},[20,35439,35440,35442],{},[15,35441,35296],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35444,35445],{},"It is commonly used with:",[173,35447,35448,35450,35452,35454],{},[176,35449,4852],{},[176,35451,4855],{},[176,35453,4861],{},[176,35455,35456],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35458,35459],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35461,316],{},[44,35463,35465],{"className":46,"code":35464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35466,35467,35501,35505,35526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35468,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485,35488,35490,35492,35494,35497,35499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35470,4549],{"class":59},[53,35472,64],{"class":63},[53,35474,68],{"class":67},[53,35476,72],{"class":71},[53,35478,12432],{"class":75},[53,35480,72],{"class":71},[53,35482,81],{"class":67},[53,35484,84],{"class":71},[53,35486,35487],{"class":75},"Ben",[53,35489,72],{"class":71},[53,35491,81],{"class":67},[53,35493,84],{"class":71},[53,35495,35496],{"class":75},"Cara",[53,35498,72],{"class":71},[53,35500,101],{"class":67},[53,35502,35503],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35504,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35506,35507,35509,35511,35513,35516,35518,35520,35522,35524],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35508,5510],{"class":1041},[53,35510,35368],{"class":59},[53,35512,81],{"class":67},[53,35514,35515],{"class":59}," name ",[53,35517,1048],{"class":1041},[53,35519,35378],{"class":136},[53,35521,121],{"class":67},[53,35523,4593],{"class":117},[53,35525,7891],{"class":67},[53,35527,35528,35530,35532,35534,35536,35539],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35529,1058],{"class":136},[53,35531,121],{"class":67},[53,35533,118],{"class":117},[53,35535,81],{"class":67},[53,35537,35538],{"class":117}," name",[53,35540,130],{"class":67},[20,35542,388],{},[44,35544,35546],{"className":46,"code":35545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35547,35548,35555,35562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35549,35550,35552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35551,187],{"class":333},[53,35553,35554],{"class":59}," Ana\n",[53,35556,35557,35559],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35558,517],{"class":333},[53,35560,35561],{"class":59}," Ben\n",[53,35563,35564,35566],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35565,525],{"class":333},[53,35567,35568],{"class":59}," Cara\n",[20,35570,35571,35572,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[195,35573,35575],{"href":35574},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[39,35577,202],{"id":201},[20,35579,1721],{},[44,35581,35583],{"className":46,"code":35582,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35584,35585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35586,35587,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598,35600,35602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35588,35589],{"class":136},"enumerate",[53,35591,121],{"class":67},[53,35593,3280],{"class":117},[53,35595,81],{"class":67},[53,35597,251],{"class":8726},[53,35599,64],{"class":63},[53,35601,187],{"class":333},[53,35603,130],{"class":67},[20,35605,35606],{},"It has two parts:",[173,35608,35609,35614],{},[176,35610,35611,35613],{},[15,35612,3280],{},": the object you want to loop through",[176,35615,35616,35618],{},[15,35617,273],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,35620,35621,35622,37],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35623,187],{},[20,35625,316],{},[44,35627,35629],{"className":46,"code":35628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35630,35631,35663,35667,35689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35632,35633,35635,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651,35653,35655,35657,35659,35661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35634,687],{"class":59},[53,35636,64],{"class":63},[53,35638,68],{"class":67},[53,35640,72],{"class":71},[53,35642,195],{"class":75},[53,35644,72],{"class":71},[53,35646,81],{"class":67},[53,35648,84],{"class":71},[53,35650,704],{"class":75},[53,35652,72],{"class":71},[53,35654,81],{"class":67},[53,35656,84],{"class":71},[53,35658,713],{"class":75},[53,35660,72],{"class":71},[53,35662,101],{"class":67},[53,35664,35665],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35666,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35668,35669,35671,35674,35676,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35670,5510],{"class":1041},[53,35672,35673],{"class":59}," i",[53,35675,81],{"class":67},[53,35677,35678],{"class":59}," letter ",[53,35680,1048],{"class":1041},[53,35682,35378],{"class":136},[53,35684,121],{"class":67},[53,35686,747],{"class":117},[53,35688,7891],{"class":67},[53,35690,35691,35693,35695,35698,35700,35703],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35692,1058],{"class":136},[53,35694,121],{"class":67},[53,35696,35697],{"class":117},"i",[53,35699,81],{"class":67},[53,35701,35702],{"class":117}," letter",[53,35704,130],{"class":67},[20,35706,388],{},[44,35708,35710],{"className":46,"code":35709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35711,35712,35719,35726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35713,35714,35716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35715,187],{"class":333},[53,35717,35718],{"class":59}," a\n",[53,35720,35721,35723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35722,517],{"class":333},[53,35724,35725],{"class":59}," b\n",[53,35727,35728,35730],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35729,525],{"class":333},[53,35731,35732],{"class":59}," c\n",[20,35734,35735,35736,37],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[195,35737,3138,35739,3071],{"href":35738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35740,35741],{},"range()",[39,35743,163,35745,11256],{"id":35744},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35746,35296],{},[20,35748,35749,35751,35752,37],{},[15,35750,35296],{}," returns an ",[30,35753,35754],{},"enumerate object",[20,35756,35757,35758,35760],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35759,5510],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[173,35762,35763],{},[176,35764,35765],{},[15,35766,35767],{},"(index, item)",[20,35769,35770],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35772,316],{},[44,35774,35776],{"className":46,"code":35775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35777,35778,35810,35814,35836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35779,35780,35782,35784,35786,35788,35790,35792,35794,35796,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35781,420],{"class":59},[53,35783,64],{"class":63},[53,35785,68],{"class":67},[53,35787,72],{"class":71},[53,35789,76],{"class":75},[53,35791,72],{"class":71},[53,35793,81],{"class":67},[53,35795,84],{"class":71},[53,35797,87],{"class":75},[53,35799,72],{"class":71},[53,35801,81],{"class":67},[53,35803,84],{"class":71},[53,35805,967],{"class":75},[53,35807,72],{"class":71},[53,35809,101],{"class":67},[53,35811,35812],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35813,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35815,35816,35818,35820,35822,35825,35827,35829,35831,35834],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35817,5510],{"class":1041},[53,35819,35368],{"class":59},[53,35821,81],{"class":67},[53,35823,35824],{"class":59}," fruit ",[53,35826,1048],{"class":1041},[53,35828,35378],{"class":136},[53,35830,121],{"class":67},[53,35832,35833],{"class":117},"fruits",[53,35835,7891],{"class":67},[53,35837,35838,35840,35842,35844,35846,35849],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35839,1058],{"class":136},[53,35841,121],{"class":67},[53,35843,118],{"class":117},[53,35845,81],{"class":67},[53,35847,35848],{"class":117}," fruit",[53,35850,130],{"class":67},[20,35852,35853],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[44,35855,35857],{"className":46,"code":35856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35858,35859,35879,35883,35901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35860,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35875,35877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35862,326],{"class":59},[53,35864,64],{"class":63},[53,35866,68],{"class":67},[53,35868,334],{"class":333},[53,35870,81],{"class":67},[53,35872,339],{"class":333},[53,35874,81],{"class":67},[53,35876,344],{"class":333},[53,35878,101],{"class":67},[53,35880,35881],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35882,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,35884,35885,35887,35889,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,35886,351],{"class":59},[53,35888,64],{"class":63},[53,35890,22105],{"class":1320},[53,35892,121],{"class":67},[53,35894,35589],{"class":136},[53,35896,121],{"class":67},[53,35898,3209],{"class":117},[53,35900,628],{"class":67},[53,35902,35903,35905,35907,35909],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,35904,137],{"class":136},[53,35906,121],{"class":67},[53,35908,383],{"class":117},[53,35910,130],{"class":67},[20,35912,388],{},[44,35914,35916],{"className":46,"code":35915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35917,35918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35919,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934,35936,35938,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35921,21285],{"class":67},[53,35923,187],{"class":333},[53,35925,81],{"class":67},[53,35927,5556],{"class":333},[53,35929,8784],{"class":67},[53,35931,8787],{"class":67},[53,35933,517],{"class":333},[53,35935,81],{"class":67},[53,35937,339],{"class":333},[53,35939,8784],{"class":67},[53,35941,8787],{"class":67},[53,35943,525],{"class":333},[53,35945,81],{"class":67},[53,35947,344],{"class":333},[53,35949,8800],{"class":67},[20,35951,35952,35953,35955],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35954,35296],{}," produces.",[39,35957,1391,35959],{"id":35958},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35960,35296],{},[20,35962,152,35963,35965],{},[15,35964,35296],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35967,35968],{},"Common cases:",[173,35970,35971,35974,35977,35980],{},[176,35972,35973],{},"printing numbered output",[176,35975,35976],{},"building menus",[176,35978,35979],{},"showing positions in a list",[176,35981,35982],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35984,316],{},[44,35986,35988],{"className":46,"code":35987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35989,35990,36025,36029,36059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35991,35992,35994,35996,35998,36000,36003,36005,36007,36009,36012,36014,36016,36018,36021,36023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35993,29442],{"class":59},[53,35995,64],{"class":63},[53,35997,68],{"class":67},[53,35999,72],{"class":71},[53,36001,36002],{"class":75},"Wash dishes",[53,36004,72],{"class":71},[53,36006,81],{"class":67},[53,36008,84],{"class":71},[53,36010,36011],{"class":75},"Study Python",[53,36013,72],{"class":71},[53,36015,81],{"class":67},[53,36017,84],{"class":71},[53,36019,36020],{"class":75},"Go for a walk",[53,36022,72],{"class":71},[53,36024,101],{"class":67},[53,36026,36027],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36028,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36030,36031,36033,36035,36037,36040,36042,36044,36046,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36032,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36034,1758],{"class":59},[53,36036,81],{"class":67},[53,36038,36039],{"class":59}," task ",[53,36041,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36043,35378],{"class":136},[53,36045,121],{"class":67},[53,36047,36048],{"class":117},"tasks",[53,36050,81],{"class":67},[53,36052,251],{"class":8726},[53,36054,64],{"class":63},[53,36056,517],{"class":333},[53,36058,7891],{"class":67},[53,36060,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36082,36084,36086],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36062,1058],{"class":136},[53,36064,121],{"class":67},[53,36066,21839],{"class":1627},[53,36068,72],{"class":75},[53,36070,8829],{"class":333},[53,36072,1800],{"class":117},[53,36074,21848],{"class":333},[53,36076,27857],{"class":75},[53,36078,8829],{"class":333},[53,36080,36081],{"class":117},"task",[53,36083,21848],{"class":333},[53,36085,72],{"class":75},[53,36087,130],{"class":67},[20,36089,388],{},[44,36091,36093],{"className":46,"code":36092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36094,36095,36107,36119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36096,36097,36099,36101,36104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36098,517],{"class":333},[53,36100,37],{"class":67},[53,36102,36103],{"class":1223}," Wash",[53,36105,36106],{"class":59}," dishes\n",[53,36108,36109,36111,36113,36116],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36110,525],{"class":333},[53,36112,37],{"class":67},[53,36114,36115],{"class":1223}," Study",[53,36117,36118],{"class":59}," Python\n",[53,36120,36121,36123,36125,36128,36130],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36122,882],{"class":333},[53,36124,37],{"class":67},[53,36126,36127],{"class":1223}," Go",[53,36129,3438],{"class":1041},[53,36131,36132],{"class":59}," a walk\n",[20,36134,36135,36136,36138,36139,37],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36137,35296],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36140,36141],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36143,36144,36145,37],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[195,36146,36148,36149,36151],{"href":36147},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36150,35296],{}," in Python",[39,36153,36155,36156,36158],{"id":36154},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36157,273],{}," argument",[20,36160,36161,36162,36164],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36163,273],{}," argument.",[20,36166,36167,36168,1175,36170,171],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36169,517],{},[15,36171,187],{},[44,36173,36175],{"className":46,"code":36174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36176,36177,36209,36213,36241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36178,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36180,561],{"class":59},[53,36182,64],{"class":63},[53,36184,68],{"class":67},[53,36186,72],{"class":71},[53,36188,570],{"class":75},[53,36190,72],{"class":71},[53,36192,81],{"class":67},[53,36194,84],{"class":71},[53,36196,596],{"class":75},[53,36198,72],{"class":71},[53,36200,81],{"class":67},[53,36202,84],{"class":71},[53,36204,579],{"class":75},[53,36206,72],{"class":71},[53,36208,101],{"class":67},[53,36210,36211],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36212,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36214,36215,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36216,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36218,35368],{"class":59},[53,36220,81],{"class":67},[53,36222,35373],{"class":59},[53,36224,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36226,35378],{"class":136},[53,36228,121],{"class":67},[53,36230,613],{"class":117},[53,36232,81],{"class":67},[53,36234,251],{"class":8726},[53,36236,64],{"class":63},[53,36238,517],{"class":333},[53,36240,7891],{"class":67},[53,36242,36243,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36244,1058],{"class":136},[53,36246,121],{"class":67},[53,36248,118],{"class":117},[53,36250,81],{"class":67},[53,36252,35397],{"class":117},[53,36254,130],{"class":67},[20,36256,388],{},[44,36258,36260],{"className":46,"code":36259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36261,36262,36268,36274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36263,36264,36266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36265,517],{"class":333},[53,36267,35413],{"class":59},[53,36269,36270,36272],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36271,525],{"class":333},[53,36273,35420],{"class":59},[53,36275,36276,36278],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36277,882],{"class":333},[53,36279,35427],{"class":59},[20,36281,36282],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36284,36285],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[39,36287,24903],{"id":24902},[20,36289,24906,36290,37],{},[15,36291,35296],{},[1418,36293,36295],{"id":36294},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36297,36298],{},"In this loop:",[44,36300,36302],{"className":46,"code":36301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36303,36304,36324,36328,36348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36305,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36307,326],{"class":59},[53,36309,64],{"class":63},[53,36311,68],{"class":67},[53,36313,334],{"class":333},[53,36315,81],{"class":67},[53,36317,339],{"class":333},[53,36319,81],{"class":67},[53,36321,344],{"class":333},[53,36323,101],{"class":67},[53,36325,36326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36327,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36329,36330,36332,36334,36336,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36331,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36333,35368],{"class":59},[53,36335,81],{"class":67},[53,36337,21129],{"class":59},[53,36339,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36341,35378],{"class":136},[53,36343,121],{"class":67},[53,36345,3209],{"class":117},[53,36347,7891],{"class":67},[53,36349,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36351,1058],{"class":136},[53,36353,121],{"class":67},[53,36355,118],{"class":117},[53,36357,81],{"class":67},[53,36359,7981],{"class":117},[53,36361,130],{"class":67},[173,36363,36364,36374],{},[176,36365,36366,285,36368,891,36370,891,36372],{},[15,36367,118],{},[15,36369,187],{},[15,36371,517],{},[15,36373,525],{},[176,36375,36376,285,36378,891,36380,891,36382],{},[15,36377,224],{},[15,36379,334],{},[15,36381,365],{},[15,36383,36384],{},"30",[20,36386,36387],{},"These are different things.",[1418,36389,36391],{"id":36390},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36393,36394,36395,36397],{},"Each item from ",[15,36396,35296],{}," is a pair.",[20,36399,6239],{},[44,36401,36403],{"className":46,"code":36402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36404,36405,36429,36433,36453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36406,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36408,60],{"class":59},[53,36410,64],{"class":63},[53,36412,68],{"class":67},[53,36414,72],{"class":71},[53,36416,1735],{"class":75},[53,36418,72],{"class":71},[53,36420,81],{"class":67},[53,36422,84],{"class":71},[53,36424,11296],{"class":75},[53,36426,72],{"class":71},[53,36428,101],{"class":67},[53,36430,36431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36432,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36434,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36436,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36438,35673],{"class":59},[53,36440,81],{"class":67},[53,36442,5513],{"class":59},[53,36444,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36446,35378],{"class":136},[53,36448,121],{"class":67},[53,36450,956],{"class":117},[53,36452,7891],{"class":67},[53,36454,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36456,1058],{"class":136},[53,36458,121],{"class":67},[53,36460,35697],{"class":117},[53,36462,81],{"class":67},[53,36464,29051],{"class":117},[53,36466,130],{"class":67},[20,36468,36469],{},"But this causes an error:",[44,36471,36473],{"className":46,"code":36472,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36474,36475,36499,36503,36528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36476,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491,36493,36495,36497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36478,60],{"class":59},[53,36480,64],{"class":63},[53,36482,68],{"class":67},[53,36484,72],{"class":71},[53,36486,1735],{"class":75},[53,36488,72],{"class":71},[53,36490,81],{"class":67},[53,36492,84],{"class":71},[53,36494,11296],{"class":75},[53,36496,72],{"class":71},[53,36498,101],{"class":67},[53,36500,36501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36502,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36504,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36506,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36508,35673],{"class":59},[53,36510,81],{"class":67},[53,36512,29051],{"class":59},[53,36514,81],{"class":67},[53,36516,36517],{"class":59}," extra ",[53,36519,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36521,35378],{"class":136},[53,36523,121],{"class":67},[53,36525,956],{"class":117},[53,36527,7891],{"class":67},[53,36529,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36545],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36531,1058],{"class":136},[53,36533,121],{"class":67},[53,36535,35697],{"class":117},[53,36537,81],{"class":67},[53,36539,29051],{"class":117},[53,36541,81],{"class":67},[53,36543,36544],{"class":117}," extra",[53,36546,130],{"class":67},[20,36548,28605,36549,36551],{},[15,36550,35296],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1418,36553,36555,36557],{"id":36554},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36556,35296],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36559,36560],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36562,36563],{},"Example with a string:",[44,36565,36567],{"className":46,"code":36566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36568,36569,36595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36570,36571,36573,36575,36577,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36591,36593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36572,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36574,35368],{"class":59},[53,36576,81],{"class":67},[53,36578,36579],{"class":59}," char ",[53,36581,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36583,35378],{"class":136},[53,36585,121],{"class":67},[53,36587,72],{"class":71},[53,36589,36590],{"class":75},"cat",[53,36592,72],{"class":71},[53,36594,7891],{"class":67},[53,36596,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36598,1058],{"class":136},[53,36600,121],{"class":67},[53,36602,118],{"class":117},[53,36604,81],{"class":67},[53,36606,36607],{"class":117}," char",[53,36609,130],{"class":67},[20,36611,388],{},[44,36613,36615],{"className":46,"code":36614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36616,36617,36623,36629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36618,36619,36621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36620,187],{"class":333},[53,36622,35732],{"class":59},[53,36624,36625,36627],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36626,517],{"class":333},[53,36628,35718],{"class":59},[53,36630,36631,36633],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36632,525],{"class":333},[53,36634,36635],{"class":59}," t\n",[20,36637,36638,36639,37],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[195,36640,4691],{"href":5138},[1418,36642,36644],{"id":36643},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36646,36647,36648,37],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36649,35296],{},[20,36651,36652,36653,36655],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36654,5510],{}," loop:",[44,36657,36659],{"className":46,"code":36658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36660,36661,36693,36697,36709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36662,36663,36665,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36664,561],{"class":59},[53,36666,64],{"class":63},[53,36668,68],{"class":67},[53,36670,72],{"class":71},[53,36672,570],{"class":75},[53,36674,72],{"class":71},[53,36676,81],{"class":67},[53,36678,84],{"class":71},[53,36680,596],{"class":75},[53,36682,72],{"class":71},[53,36684,81],{"class":67},[53,36686,84],{"class":71},[53,36688,579],{"class":75},[53,36690,72],{"class":71},[53,36692,101],{"class":67},[53,36694,36695],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36696,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,36698,36699,36701,36703,36705,36707],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36700,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36702,35373],{"class":59},[53,36704,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36706,12673],{"class":59},[53,36708,1053],{"class":67},[53,36710,36711,36713,36715,36717],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36712,1058],{"class":136},[53,36714,121],{"class":67},[53,36716,32436],{"class":117},[53,36718,130],{"class":67},[20,36720,36721],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[39,36723,2389],{"id":2388},[20,36725,36726],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[173,36728,36729,36734,36740,36745],{},[176,36730,22646,36731,36733],{},[15,36732,35296],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[176,36735,36736,36737,36739],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36738,187],{}," by default",[176,36741,664,36742,36744],{},[15,36743,35296],{}," when only values are needed",[176,36746,36747,36748,8254,36750],{},"Confusing ",[15,36749,35296],{},[15,36751,35741],{},[20,36753,36754],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[44,36756,36758],{"className":46,"code":36757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36759,36760,36782,36809,36843,36876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36761,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36763,137],{"class":136},[53,36765,121],{"class":67},[53,36767,35589],{"class":136},[53,36769,2546],{"class":67},[53,36771,334],{"class":333},[53,36773,81],{"class":67},[53,36775,339],{"class":333},[53,36777,81],{"class":67},[53,36779,344],{"class":333},[53,36781,2559],{"class":67},[53,36783,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36785,137],{"class":136},[53,36787,121],{"class":67},[53,36789,7643],{"class":1320},[53,36791,121],{"class":67},[53,36793,35589],{"class":136},[53,36795,2546],{"class":67},[53,36797,334],{"class":333},[53,36799,81],{"class":67},[53,36801,339],{"class":333},[53,36803,81],{"class":67},[53,36805,344],{"class":333},[53,36807,36808],{"class":67},"])))\n",[53,36810,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36812,137],{"class":136},[53,36814,121],{"class":67},[53,36816,7643],{"class":1320},[53,36818,121],{"class":67},[53,36820,35589],{"class":136},[53,36822,2546],{"class":67},[53,36824,334],{"class":333},[53,36826,81],{"class":67},[53,36828,339],{"class":333},[53,36830,81],{"class":67},[53,36832,344],{"class":333},[53,36834,17609],{"class":67},[53,36836,251],{"class":8726},[53,36838,64],{"class":63},[53,36840,517],{"class":333},[53,36842,2472],{"class":67},[53,36844,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36846,5510],{"class":1041},[53,36848,35673],{"class":59},[53,36850,81],{"class":67},[53,36852,21129],{"class":59},[53,36854,1048],{"class":1041},[53,36856,35378],{"class":136},[53,36858,2546],{"class":67},[53,36860,2862],{"class":71},[53,36862,195],{"class":75},[53,36864,2862],{"class":71},[53,36866,81],{"class":67},[53,36868,2857],{"class":71},[53,36870,704],{"class":75},[53,36872,2862],{"class":71},[53,36874,36875],{"class":67},"]):\n",[53,36877,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,36879,1058],{"class":136},[53,36881,121],{"class":67},[53,36883,35697],{"class":117},[53,36885,81],{"class":67},[53,36887,7981],{"class":117},[53,36889,130],{"class":67},[20,36891,16508],{},[44,36893,36895],{"className":46,"code":36894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36896,36897,36917,36949,36981,36987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36898,36899,36901,36903,36905,36908,36912,36915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36900,2851],{"class":63},[53,36902,35589],{"class":136},[53,36904,24163],{"class":1320},[53,36906,36907],{"class":59}," at ",[53,36909,36911],{"class":36910},"srjyR","0x",[53,36913,36914],{"class":33998},"...",[53,36916,2865],{"class":63},[53,36918,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36920,21285],{"class":67},[53,36922,187],{"class":333},[53,36924,81],{"class":67},[53,36926,5556],{"class":333},[53,36928,8784],{"class":67},[53,36930,8787],{"class":67},[53,36932,517],{"class":333},[53,36934,81],{"class":67},[53,36936,339],{"class":333},[53,36938,8784],{"class":67},[53,36940,8787],{"class":67},[53,36942,525],{"class":333},[53,36944,81],{"class":67},[53,36946,344],{"class":333},[53,36948,8800],{"class":67},[53,36950,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,36952,21285],{"class":67},[53,36954,517],{"class":333},[53,36956,81],{"class":67},[53,36958,5556],{"class":333},[53,36960,8784],{"class":67},[53,36962,8787],{"class":67},[53,36964,525],{"class":333},[53,36966,81],{"class":67},[53,36968,339],{"class":333},[53,36970,8784],{"class":67},[53,36972,8787],{"class":67},[53,36974,882],{"class":333},[53,36976,81],{"class":67},[53,36978,344],{"class":333},[53,36980,8800],{"class":67},[53,36982,36983,36985],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,36984,187],{"class":333},[53,36986,35718],{"class":59},[53,36988,36989,36991],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,36990,517],{"class":333},[53,36992,35725],{"class":59},[39,36994,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,36996,1421,36998,1424],{"id":36997},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36999,35296],{},[20,37001,37002],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1418,37004,1431,37006,37008],{"id":37005},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37007,35296],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37010,37011,37012,37014,37015,37018],{},"It starts at ",[15,37013,187],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37016,37017],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1418,37020,20965,37022,1175,37024,1459],{"id":37021},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37023,35296],{},[15,37025,37026],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37028,36135,37029,37031],{},[15,37030,35296],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1418,37033,1446,37035,37037],{"id":37034},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37036,35296],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37039,37040,37041,37043],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37042,35296],{}," can return each character with its index.",[39,37045,1471],{"id":1470},[173,37047,37048,37052,37058,37065],{},[176,37049,37050],{},[195,37051,35575],{"href":35574},[176,37053,37054],{},[195,37055,3138,37056,3071],{"href":35738},[15,37057,35741],{},[176,37059,37060],{},[195,37061,37062,37063,36151],{"href":36147},"How to use ",[15,37064,35296],{},[176,37066,37067],{},[195,37068,4768],{"href":5138},[1494,37070,37071],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":37073},[37074,37075,37077,37078,37080,37082,37084,37091,37092,37102],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":35435,"depth":104,"text":37076},"What enumerate() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":35744,"depth":104,"text":37079},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35958,"depth":104,"text":37081},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36154,"depth":104,"text":37083},"Using the start argument",{"id":24902,"depth":104,"text":24903,"children":37085},[37086,37087,37088,37090],{"id":36294,"depth":133,"text":36295},{"id":36390,"depth":133,"text":36391},{"id":36554,"depth":133,"text":37089},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36643,"depth":133,"text":36644},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":37093},[37094,37096,37098,37100],{"id":36997,"depth":133,"text":37095},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37005,"depth":133,"text":37097},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37021,"depth":133,"text":37099},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37034,"depth":133,"text":37101},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35288,"description":37103},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37110,"title":37111,"body":37112,"description":39625,"extension":1524,"meta":39626,"navigation":372,"path":39627,"seo":39628,"stem":39629,"__hash__":39630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37113,"toc":39582},[37114,37120,37125,37128,37136,37150,37152,37243,37251,37256,37261,37263,37279,37281,37360,37362,37379,37385,37389,37391,37412,37416,37419,37431,37435,37438,37441,37458,37461,37537,37539,37556,37561,37563,37571,37574,37589,37591,37680,37682,37727,37730,37734,37737,37816,37818,37840,37843,37850,37855,37858,37961,37963,37988,37991,37998,38004,38009,38012,38023,38129,38131,38152,38160,38167,38173,38192,38197,38200,38219,38221,38306,38308,38337,38340,38345,38350,38353,38364,38366,38455,38457,38477,38483,38589,38591,38611,38614,38698,38700,38720,38727,38729,38733,38739,38742,38799,38802,38805,38866,38875,38878,38881,38909,38912,38972,38974,38991,38995,38998,39076,39078,39098,39101,39176,39180,39183,39185,39194,39198,39200,39251,39259,39271,39276,39337,39339,39356,39360,39423,39425,39450,39458,39460,39466,39472,39479,39487,39493,39496,39503,39513,39519,39525,39528,39545,39551,39553,39579],[10,37115,3138,37117,3142],{"id":37116},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37118,37119],{},"filter()",[20,37121,37122,37124],{},[15,37123,37119],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37126,37127],{},"It takes:",[173,37129,37130,37133],{},[176,37131,37132],{},"a function that checks each item",[176,37134,37135],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37137,37138,37139,37142,37143,37146,37147,37149],{},"The result is ",[30,37140,37141],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37144,37145],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37148,24326],{}," to see the values.",[39,37151,1566],{"id":1565},[44,37153,37155],{"className":46,"code":37154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37156,37157,37190,37226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37158,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37160,326],{"class":59},[53,37162,64],{"class":63},[53,37164,68],{"class":67},[53,37166,517],{"class":333},[53,37168,81],{"class":67},[53,37170,790],{"class":333},[53,37172,81],{"class":67},[53,37174,1269],{"class":333},[53,37176,81],{"class":67},[53,37178,826],{"class":333},[53,37180,81],{"class":67},[53,37182,4162],{"class":333},[53,37184,81],{"class":67},[53,37186,37187],{"class":333}," 6",[53,37189,101],{"class":67},[53,37191,37192,37194,37196,37199,37201,37204,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37193,351],{"class":59},[53,37195,64],{"class":63},[53,37197,37198],{"class":136}," filter",[53,37200,121],{"class":67},[53,37202,37203],{"class":1627},"lambda",[53,37205,37207],{"class":37206},"sFwrP"," x",[53,37209,171],{"class":67},[53,37211,3441],{"class":117},[53,37213,5955],{"class":63},[53,37215,790],{"class":333},[53,37217,5960],{"class":63},[53,37219,3394],{"class":333},[53,37221,81],{"class":67},[53,37223,356],{"class":117},[53,37225,130],{"class":67},[53,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37229,137],{"class":136},[53,37231,121],{"class":67},[53,37233,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37235,121],{"class":67},[53,37237,383],{"class":117},[53,37239,762],{"class":67},[53,37241,37242],{"class":148},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37244,37245,37247,37248,37250],{},[15,37246,37119],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37249,24326],{}," to see the results.",[39,37252,163,37254,166],{"id":37253},"what-filter-does",[15,37255,37119],{},[20,37257,37258,37260],{},[15,37259,37119],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37262,1669],{},[173,37264,37265,37268,37274],{},[176,37266,37267],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[176,37269,37270,37271,37273],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37272,3167],{},", the item is kept",[176,37275,37270,37276,37278],{},[15,37277,3234],{},", the item is removed",[20,37280,316],{},[44,37282,37284],{"className":46,"code":37283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37285,37286,37314,37318,37346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37287,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37289,326],{"class":59},[53,37291,64],{"class":63},[53,37293,68],{"class":67},[53,37295,517],{"class":333},[53,37297,81],{"class":67},[53,37299,790],{"class":333},[53,37301,81],{"class":67},[53,37303,1269],{"class":333},[53,37305,81],{"class":67},[53,37307,826],{"class":333},[53,37309,81],{"class":67},[53,37311,4162],{"class":333},[53,37313,101],{"class":67},[53,37315,37316],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37317,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,37319,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37321,351],{"class":59},[53,37323,64],{"class":63},[53,37325,37198],{"class":136},[53,37327,121],{"class":67},[53,37329,37203],{"class":1627},[53,37331,37207],{"class":37206},[53,37333,171],{"class":67},[53,37335,3441],{"class":117},[53,37337,3811],{"class":63},[53,37339,1269],{"class":333},[53,37341,81],{"class":67},[53,37343,356],{"class":117},[53,37345,130],{"class":67},[53,37347,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,37349,137],{"class":136},[53,37351,121],{"class":67},[53,37353,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37355,121],{"class":67},[53,37357,383],{"class":117},[53,37359,628],{"class":67},[20,37361,388],{},[44,37363,37365],{"className":46,"code":37364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37366,37367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37368,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37370,1226],{"class":67},[53,37372,2062],{"class":333},[53,37374,81],{"class":67},[53,37376,4162],{"class":333},[53,37378,101],{"class":67},[20,37380,37381,37382,37384],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37383,882],{}," are kept.",[39,37386,37388],{"id":37387},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37390,1721],{},[44,37392,37394],{"className":46,"code":37393,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37395,37396],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37397,37398,37400,37402,37405,37407,37410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37399,37145],{"class":136},[53,37401,121],{"class":67},[53,37403,37404],{"class":117},"function",[53,37406,81],{"class":67},[53,37408,37409],{"class":117}," iterable",[53,37411,130],{"class":67},[1418,37413,37414],{"id":37404},[15,37415,37404],{},[20,37417,37418],{},"This is the test function.",[173,37420,37421,37424],{},[176,37422,37423],{},"It receives one item at a time",[176,37425,37426,37427,2438,37429],{},"It should return ",[15,37428,3167],{},[15,37430,3234],{},[1418,37432,37433],{"id":3280},[15,37434,3280],{},[20,37436,37437],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37439,37440],{},"It can be:",[173,37442,37443,37446,37449,37452,37455],{},[176,37444,37445],{},"a list",[176,37447,37448],{},"a tuple",[176,37450,37451],{},"a string",[176,37453,37454],{},"a set",[176,37456,37457],{},"another iterable object",[20,37459,37460],{},"Example with a tuple:",[44,37462,37464],{"className":46,"code":37463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37465,37466,37491,37495,37523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37467,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37469,326],{"class":59},[53,37471,64],{"class":63},[53,37473,8787],{"class":67},[53,37475,334],{"class":333},[53,37477,81],{"class":67},[53,37479,37480],{"class":333}," 15",[53,37482,81],{"class":67},[53,37484,339],{"class":333},[53,37486,81],{"class":67},[53,37488,8857],{"class":333},[53,37490,130],{"class":67},[53,37492,37493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37494,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,37496,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37498,351],{"class":59},[53,37500,64],{"class":63},[53,37502,37198],{"class":136},[53,37504,121],{"class":67},[53,37506,37203],{"class":1627},[53,37508,37207],{"class":37206},[53,37510,171],{"class":67},[53,37512,3441],{"class":117},[53,37514,4653],{"class":63},[53,37516,339],{"class":333},[53,37518,81],{"class":67},[53,37520,356],{"class":117},[53,37522,130],{"class":67},[53,37524,37525,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,37526,137],{"class":136},[53,37528,121],{"class":67},[53,37530,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37532,121],{"class":67},[53,37534,383],{"class":117},[53,37536,628],{"class":67},[20,37538,388],{},[44,37540,37542],{"className":46,"code":37541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37543,37544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37545,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37547,1226],{"class":67},[53,37549,365],{"class":333},[53,37551,81],{"class":67},[53,37553,8857],{"class":333},[53,37555,101],{"class":67},[20,37557,37558,37559,37],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[195,37560,4691],{"href":5138},[39,37562,301],{"id":300},[20,37564,37565,37566,21520,37568,37],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37567,37119],{},[30,37569,37570],{},"filter object",[20,37572,37573],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[173,37575,37576,37579,37584],{},[176,37577,37578],{},"loop through it",[176,37580,37581,37582],{},"convert it with ",[15,37583,24326],{},[176,37585,37581,37586],{},[15,37587,37588],{},"tuple()",[20,37590,316],{},[44,37592,37594],{"className":46,"code":37593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37595,37596,37638,37642,37652,37666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37597,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37599,351],{"class":59},[53,37601,64],{"class":63},[53,37603,37198],{"class":136},[53,37605,121],{"class":67},[53,37607,37203],{"class":1627},[53,37609,37207],{"class":37206},[53,37611,171],{"class":67},[53,37613,3441],{"class":117},[53,37615,3811],{"class":63},[53,37617,790],{"class":333},[53,37619,81],{"class":67},[53,37621,68],{"class":67},[53,37623,517],{"class":333},[53,37625,81],{"class":67},[53,37627,790],{"class":333},[53,37629,81],{"class":67},[53,37631,1269],{"class":333},[53,37633,81],{"class":67},[53,37635,826],{"class":333},[53,37637,3449],{"class":67},[53,37639,37640],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37641,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,37643,37644,37646,37648,37650],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37645,137],{"class":136},[53,37647,121],{"class":67},[53,37649,383],{"class":117},[53,37651,130],{"class":67},[53,37653,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,37655,137],{"class":136},[53,37657,121],{"class":67},[53,37659,1321],{"class":1320},[53,37661,121],{"class":67},[53,37663,383],{"class":117},[53,37665,628],{"class":67},[53,37667,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,37669,137],{"class":136},[53,37671,121],{"class":67},[53,37673,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37675,121],{"class":67},[53,37677,383],{"class":117},[53,37679,628],{"class":67},[20,37681,388],{},[44,37683,37685],{"className":46,"code":37684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37686,37687,37701,37715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37688,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37690,2851],{"class":63},[53,37692,37145],{"class":136},[53,37694,24163],{"class":1320},[53,37696,36907],{"class":59},[53,37698,36914],{"class":33998},[53,37700,2865],{"class":63},[53,37702,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37704,2851],{"class":63},[53,37706,2854],{"class":1627},[53,37708,2857],{"class":71},[53,37710,37145],{"class":75},[53,37712,2862],{"class":71},[53,37714,2865],{"class":63},[53,37716,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37718,1226],{"class":67},[53,37720,882],{"class":333},[53,37722,81],{"class":67},[53,37724,826],{"class":333},[53,37726,101],{"class":67},[20,37728,37729],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1418,37731,37733],{"id":37732},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37735,37736],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[44,37738,37740],{"className":46,"code":37739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37741,37742,37784,37788,37802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37743,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37745,351],{"class":59},[53,37747,64],{"class":63},[53,37749,37198],{"class":136},[53,37751,121],{"class":67},[53,37753,37203],{"class":1627},[53,37755,37207],{"class":37206},[53,37757,171],{"class":67},[53,37759,3441],{"class":117},[53,37761,3811],{"class":63},[53,37763,790],{"class":333},[53,37765,81],{"class":67},[53,37767,68],{"class":67},[53,37769,517],{"class":333},[53,37771,81],{"class":67},[53,37773,790],{"class":333},[53,37775,81],{"class":67},[53,37777,1269],{"class":333},[53,37779,81],{"class":67},[53,37781,826],{"class":333},[53,37783,3449],{"class":67},[53,37785,37786],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37787,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,37789,37790,37792,37794,37796,37798,37800],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37791,137],{"class":136},[53,37793,121],{"class":67},[53,37795,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37797,121],{"class":67},[53,37799,383],{"class":117},[53,37801,628],{"class":67},[53,37803,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37814],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,37805,137],{"class":136},[53,37807,121],{"class":67},[53,37809,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37811,121],{"class":67},[53,37813,383],{"class":117},[53,37815,628],{"class":67},[20,37817,388],{},[44,37819,37821],{"className":46,"code":37820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37822,37823,37835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37824,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37826,1226],{"class":67},[53,37828,882],{"class":333},[53,37830,81],{"class":67},[53,37832,826],{"class":333},[53,37834,101],{"class":67},[53,37836,37837],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37838,37839],{"class":67},"[]\n",[20,37841,37842],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[39,37844,664,37846,8254,37848],{"id":37845},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37847,37119],{},[15,37849,37203],{},[20,37851,14740,37852,37854],{},[15,37853,37203],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37856,37857],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[44,37859,37861],{"className":46,"code":37860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37862,37863,37905,37909,37947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37864,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37901,37903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37866,3631],{"class":59},[53,37868,64],{"class":63},[53,37870,68],{"class":67},[53,37872,72],{"class":71},[53,37874,76],{"class":75},[53,37876,72],{"class":71},[53,37878,81],{"class":67},[53,37880,84],{"class":71},[53,37882,37883],{"class":75},"kiwi",[53,37885,72],{"class":71},[53,37887,81],{"class":67},[53,37889,84],{"class":71},[53,37891,87],{"class":75},[53,37893,72],{"class":71},[53,37895,81],{"class":67},[53,37897,84],{"class":71},[53,37899,37900],{"class":75},"fig",[53,37902,72],{"class":71},[53,37904,101],{"class":67},[53,37906,37907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37908,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,37910,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37924,37926,37929,37931,37934,37936,37939,37941,37943,37945],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,37912,351],{"class":59},[53,37914,64],{"class":63},[53,37916,37198],{"class":136},[53,37918,121],{"class":67},[53,37920,37203],{"class":1627},[53,37922,37923],{"class":37206}," word",[53,37925,171],{"class":67},[53,37927,37928],{"class":136}," len",[53,37930,121],{"class":67},[53,37932,37933],{"class":117},"word",[53,37935,145],{"class":67},[53,37937,37938],{"class":63}," >",[53,37940,826],{"class":333},[53,37942,81],{"class":67},[53,37944,5720],{"class":117},[53,37946,130],{"class":67},[53,37948,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,37950,137],{"class":136},[53,37952,121],{"class":67},[53,37954,7643],{"class":1320},[53,37956,121],{"class":67},[53,37958,383],{"class":117},[53,37960,628],{"class":67},[20,37962,388],{},[44,37964,37966],{"className":46,"code":37965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37967,37968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37969,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37971,1226],{"class":67},[53,37973,2862],{"class":71},[53,37975,76],{"class":75},[53,37977,2862],{"class":71},[53,37979,81],{"class":67},[53,37981,2857],{"class":71},[53,37983,87],{"class":75},[53,37985,2862],{"class":71},[53,37987,101],{"class":67},[20,37989,37990],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37992,37993,37994,37],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[195,37995,37997],{"href":37996},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[39,37999,664,38001,38003],{"id":38000},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38002,37119],{}," with a named function",[20,38005,38006,38007,37],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38008,37203],{},[20,38010,38011],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[173,38013,38014,38017,38020],{},[176,38015,38016],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[176,38018,38019],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[176,38021,38022],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[44,38024,38026],{"className":46,"code":38025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38027,38028,38041,38056,38060,38092,38111,38115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38029,38030,38032,38035,38037,38039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38031,34397],{"class":1627},[53,38033,38034],{"class":34400}," is_even",[53,38036,121],{"class":67},[53,38038,1800],{"class":37206},[53,38040,7891],{"class":67},[53,38042,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38044,34408],{"class":1041},[53,38046,5939],{"class":59},[53,38048,5955],{"class":63},[53,38050,790],{"class":333},[53,38052,5960],{"class":63},[53,38054,38055],{"class":333}," 0\n",[53,38057,38058],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,38059,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38061,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,38063,326],{"class":59},[53,38065,64],{"class":63},[53,38067,68],{"class":67},[53,38069,517],{"class":333},[53,38071,81],{"class":67},[53,38073,790],{"class":333},[53,38075,81],{"class":67},[53,38077,1269],{"class":333},[53,38079,81],{"class":67},[53,38081,826],{"class":333},[53,38083,81],{"class":67},[53,38085,4162],{"class":333},[53,38087,81],{"class":67},[53,38089,37187],{"class":333},[53,38091,101],{"class":67},[53,38093,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38105,38107,38109],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,38095,351],{"class":59},[53,38097,64],{"class":63},[53,38099,37198],{"class":136},[53,38101,121],{"class":67},[53,38103,38104],{"class":117},"is_even",[53,38106,81],{"class":67},[53,38108,356],{"class":117},[53,38110,130],{"class":67},[53,38112,38113],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,38114,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38116,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,38118,137],{"class":136},[53,38120,121],{"class":67},[53,38122,7643],{"class":1320},[53,38124,121],{"class":67},[53,38126,383],{"class":117},[53,38128,628],{"class":67},[20,38130,388],{},[44,38132,38134],{"className":46,"code":38133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38135,38136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38137,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38139,1226],{"class":67},[53,38141,525],{"class":333},[53,38143,81],{"class":67},[53,38145,826],{"class":333},[53,38147,81],{"class":67},[53,38149,37187],{"class":333},[53,38151,101],{"class":67},[20,38153,20318,38154,532,38157,38159],{},[15,38155,38156],{},"is_even()",[15,38158,3167],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[39,38161,664,38163,8254,38165],{"id":38162},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38164,3338],{},[15,38166,37119],{},[20,38168,38169,38170,38172],{},"You can pass ",[15,38171,3338],{}," as the first argument:",[44,38174,38176],{"className":46,"code":38175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38177,38178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38179,38180,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38181,37145],{"class":136},[53,38183,121],{"class":67},[53,38185,3338],{"class":3413},[53,38187,81],{"class":67},[53,38189,37409],{"class":117},[53,38191,130],{"class":67},[20,38193,38194,38195,6891],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38196,5148],{},[20,38198,38199],{},"Falsy values include:",[173,38201,38202,38206,38211,38215],{},[176,38203,38204],{},[15,38205,187],{},[176,38207,38208,38210],{},[15,38209,3333],{}," (empty string)",[176,38212,38213],{},[15,38214,3338],{},[176,38216,38217],{},[15,38218,3234],{},[20,38220,316],{},[44,38222,38224],{"className":46,"code":38223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38225,38226,38270,38274,38292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38227,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38229,60],{"class":59},[53,38231,64],{"class":63},[53,38233,68],{"class":67},[53,38235,187],{"class":333},[53,38237,81],{"class":67},[53,38239,821],{"class":333},[53,38241,81],{"class":67},[53,38243,5678],{"class":71},[53,38245,81],{"class":67},[53,38247,84],{"class":71},[53,38249,3406],{"class":75},[53,38251,72],{"class":71},[53,38253,81],{"class":67},[53,38255,3414],{"class":3413},[53,38257,81],{"class":67},[53,38259,3476],{"class":3413},[53,38261,81],{"class":67},[53,38263,3467],{"class":3413},[53,38265,81],{"class":67},[53,38267,4162],{"class":333},[53,38269,101],{"class":67},[53,38271,38272],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38273,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38275,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,38277,351],{"class":59},[53,38279,64],{"class":63},[53,38281,37198],{"class":136},[53,38283,121],{"class":67},[53,38285,3338],{"class":3413},[53,38287,81],{"class":67},[53,38289,112],{"class":117},[53,38291,130],{"class":67},[53,38293,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,38295,137],{"class":136},[53,38297,121],{"class":67},[53,38299,7643],{"class":1320},[53,38301,121],{"class":67},[53,38303,383],{"class":117},[53,38305,628],{"class":67},[20,38307,388],{},[44,38309,38311],{"className":46,"code":38310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38312,38313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38314,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38316,1226],{"class":67},[53,38318,517],{"class":333},[53,38320,81],{"class":67},[53,38322,2857],{"class":71},[53,38324,3406],{"class":75},[53,38326,2862],{"class":71},[53,38328,81],{"class":67},[53,38330,3476],{"class":3413},[53,38332,81],{"class":67},[53,38334,4162],{"class":333},[53,38336,101],{"class":67},[20,38338,38339],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[39,38341,1391,38343],{"id":38342},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38344,37119],{},[20,38346,152,38347,38349],{},[15,38348,37119],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38351,38352],{},"It works well for:",[173,38354,38355,38358,38361],{},[176,38356,38357],{},"simple filtering rules",[176,38359,38360],{},"quick data cleaning",[176,38362,38363],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38365,316],{},[44,38367,38369],{"className":46,"code":38368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38370,38371,38403,38436,38440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38372,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38374,326],{"class":59},[53,38376,64],{"class":63},[53,38378,68],{"class":67},[53,38380,517],{"class":333},[53,38382,81],{"class":67},[53,38384,790],{"class":333},[53,38386,81],{"class":67},[53,38388,1269],{"class":333},[53,38390,81],{"class":67},[53,38392,826],{"class":333},[53,38394,81],{"class":67},[53,38396,4162],{"class":333},[53,38398,81],{"class":67},[53,38400,37187],{"class":333},[53,38402,101],{"class":67},[53,38404,38405,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38406,38407],{"class":59},"evens ",[53,38409,64],{"class":63},[53,38411,37198],{"class":136},[53,38413,121],{"class":67},[53,38415,37203],{"class":1627},[53,38417,37207],{"class":37206},[53,38419,171],{"class":67},[53,38421,3441],{"class":117},[53,38423,5955],{"class":63},[53,38425,790],{"class":333},[53,38427,5960],{"class":63},[53,38429,3394],{"class":333},[53,38431,81],{"class":67},[53,38433,356],{"class":117},[53,38435,130],{"class":67},[53,38437,38438],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,38439,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38453],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,38443,137],{"class":136},[53,38445,121],{"class":67},[53,38447,7643],{"class":1320},[53,38449,121],{"class":67},[53,38451,38452],{"class":117},"evens",[53,38454,628],{"class":67},[20,38456,388],{},[44,38458,38459],{"className":46,"code":38133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38460,38461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38462,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38464,1226],{"class":67},[53,38466,525],{"class":333},[53,38468,81],{"class":67},[53,38470,826],{"class":333},[53,38472,81],{"class":67},[53,38474,37187],{"class":333},[53,38476,101],{"class":67},[20,38478,38479,38480,38482],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38481,5510],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[44,38484,38486],{"className":46,"code":38485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38487,38488,38520,38528,38532,38544,38560,38575,38579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38489,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38491,326],{"class":59},[53,38493,64],{"class":63},[53,38495,68],{"class":67},[53,38497,517],{"class":333},[53,38499,81],{"class":67},[53,38501,790],{"class":333},[53,38503,81],{"class":67},[53,38505,1269],{"class":333},[53,38507,81],{"class":67},[53,38509,826],{"class":333},[53,38511,81],{"class":67},[53,38513,4162],{"class":333},[53,38515,81],{"class":67},[53,38517,37187],{"class":333},[53,38519,101],{"class":67},[53,38521,38522,38524,38526],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38523,38407],{"class":59},[53,38525,64],{"class":63},[53,38527,7388],{"class":67},[53,38529,38530],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,38531,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38533,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,38535,5510],{"class":1041},[53,38537,5939],{"class":59},[53,38539,1048],{"class":1041},[53,38541,356],{"class":59},[53,38543,1053],{"class":67},[53,38545,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,38547,5950],{"class":1041},[53,38549,5939],{"class":59},[53,38551,5955],{"class":63},[53,38553,790],{"class":333},[53,38555,5960],{"class":63},[53,38557,3394],{"class":333},[53,38559,1053],{"class":67},[53,38561,38562,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,38563,38564],{"class":59},"        evens",[53,38566,37],{"class":67},[53,38568,13103],{"class":117},[53,38570,121],{"class":67},[53,38572,1800],{"class":117},[53,38574,130],{"class":67},[53,38576,38577],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,38578,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38580,38581,38583,38585,38587],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,38582,137],{"class":136},[53,38584,121],{"class":67},[53,38586,38452],{"class":117},[53,38588,130],{"class":67},[20,38590,388],{},[44,38592,38593],{"className":46,"code":38133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38594,38595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38596,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38598,1226],{"class":67},[53,38600,525],{"class":333},[53,38602,81],{"class":67},[53,38604,826],{"class":333},[53,38606,81],{"class":67},[53,38608,37187],{"class":333},[53,38610,101],{"class":67},[20,38612,38613],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[44,38615,38617],{"className":46,"code":38616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38618,38619,38651,38684,38688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38620,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38622,326],{"class":59},[53,38624,64],{"class":63},[53,38626,68],{"class":67},[53,38628,517],{"class":333},[53,38630,81],{"class":67},[53,38632,790],{"class":333},[53,38634,81],{"class":67},[53,38636,1269],{"class":333},[53,38638,81],{"class":67},[53,38640,826],{"class":333},[53,38642,81],{"class":67},[53,38644,4162],{"class":333},[53,38646,81],{"class":67},[53,38648,37187],{"class":333},[53,38650,101],{"class":67},[53,38652,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38654,38407],{"class":59},[53,38656,64],{"class":63},[53,38658,68],{"class":67},[53,38660,1778],{"class":59},[53,38662,5510],{"class":1041},[53,38664,5939],{"class":59},[53,38666,1048],{"class":1041},[53,38668,38669],{"class":59}," numbers ",[53,38671,1042],{"class":1041},[53,38673,5939],{"class":59},[53,38675,5955],{"class":63},[53,38677,790],{"class":333},[53,38679,5960],{"class":63},[53,38681,3394],{"class":333},[53,38683,101],{"class":67},[53,38685,38686],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,38687,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,38689,38690,38692,38694,38696],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,38691,137],{"class":136},[53,38693,121],{"class":67},[53,38695,38452],{"class":117},[53,38697,130],{"class":67},[20,38699,388],{},[44,38701,38702],{"className":46,"code":38133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38703,38704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38705,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38707,1226],{"class":67},[53,38709,525],{"class":333},[53,38711,81],{"class":67},[53,38713,826],{"class":333},[53,38715,81],{"class":67},[53,38717,37187],{"class":333},[53,38719,101],{"class":67},[20,38721,38722,38723,37],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[195,38724,38726],{"href":38725},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[39,38728,2389],{"id":2388},[20,38730,14284,38731,37],{},[15,38732,37119],{},[1418,38734,8001,38736,38738],{"id":38735},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38737,37119],{}," to return a list",[20,38740,38741],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[44,38743,38745],{"className":46,"code":38744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38746,38747,38789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38748,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38750,351],{"class":59},[53,38752,64],{"class":63},[53,38754,37198],{"class":136},[53,38756,121],{"class":67},[53,38758,37203],{"class":1627},[53,38760,37207],{"class":37206},[53,38762,171],{"class":67},[53,38764,3441],{"class":117},[53,38766,3811],{"class":63},[53,38768,790],{"class":333},[53,38770,81],{"class":67},[53,38772,68],{"class":67},[53,38774,517],{"class":333},[53,38776,81],{"class":67},[53,38778,790],{"class":333},[53,38780,81],{"class":67},[53,38782,1269],{"class":333},[53,38784,81],{"class":67},[53,38786,826],{"class":333},[53,38788,3449],{"class":67},[53,38790,38791,38793,38795,38797],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38792,137],{"class":136},[53,38794,121],{"class":67},[53,38796,383],{"class":117},[53,38798,130],{"class":67},[20,38800,38801],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38803,38804],{},"Fix:",[44,38806,38808],{"className":46,"code":38807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38809,38810,38852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38811,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38813,351],{"class":59},[53,38815,64],{"class":63},[53,38817,37198],{"class":136},[53,38819,121],{"class":67},[53,38821,37203],{"class":1627},[53,38823,37207],{"class":37206},[53,38825,171],{"class":67},[53,38827,3441],{"class":117},[53,38829,3811],{"class":63},[53,38831,790],{"class":333},[53,38833,81],{"class":67},[53,38835,68],{"class":67},[53,38837,517],{"class":333},[53,38839,81],{"class":67},[53,38841,790],{"class":333},[53,38843,81],{"class":67},[53,38845,1269],{"class":333},[53,38847,81],{"class":67},[53,38849,826],{"class":333},[53,38851,3449],{"class":67},[53,38853,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38855,137],{"class":136},[53,38857,121],{"class":67},[53,38859,7643],{"class":1320},[53,38861,121],{"class":67},[53,38863,383],{"class":117},[53,38865,628],{"class":67},[1418,38867,38869,38870,2438,38872,38874],{"id":38868},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38871,3167],{},[15,38873,3234],{}," clearly",[20,38876,38877],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38879,38880],{},"Good example:",[44,38882,38884],{"className":46,"code":38883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38885,38886,38899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38887,38888,38890,38893,38895,38897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38889,34397],{"class":1627},[53,38891,38892],{"class":34400}," is_positive",[53,38894,121],{"class":67},[53,38896,1800],{"class":37206},[53,38898,7891],{"class":67},[53,38900,38901,38903,38905,38907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38902,34408],{"class":1041},[53,38904,5939],{"class":59},[53,38906,3811],{"class":63},[53,38908,38055],{"class":333},[20,38910,38911],{},"Then use it with:",[44,38913,38915],{"className":46,"code":38914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38916,38917,38949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38918,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38920,326],{"class":59},[53,38922,64],{"class":63},[53,38924,68],{"class":67},[53,38926,1585],{"class":63},[53,38928,525],{"class":333},[53,38930,81],{"class":67},[53,38932,1783],{"class":63},[53,38934,517],{"class":333},[53,38936,81],{"class":67},[53,38938,3394],{"class":333},[53,38940,81],{"class":67},[53,38942,821],{"class":333},[53,38944,81],{"class":67},[53,38946,790],{"class":333},[53,38948,101],{"class":67},[53,38950,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38966,38968,38970],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38952,137],{"class":136},[53,38954,121],{"class":67},[53,38956,7643],{"class":1320},[53,38958,121],{"class":67},[53,38960,37145],{"class":136},[53,38962,121],{"class":67},[53,38964,38965],{"class":117},"is_positive",[53,38967,81],{"class":67},[53,38969,356],{"class":117},[53,38971,2472],{"class":67},[20,38973,388],{},[44,38975,38977],{"className":46,"code":38976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38978,38979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38980,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38982,1226],{"class":67},[53,38984,517],{"class":333},[53,38986,81],{"class":67},[53,38988,790],{"class":333},[53,38990,101],{"class":67},[1418,38992,38994],{"id":38993},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38996,38997],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[44,38999,39000],{"className":46,"code":37739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,39001,39002,39044,39048,39062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39003,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39005,351],{"class":59},[53,39007,64],{"class":63},[53,39009,37198],{"class":136},[53,39011,121],{"class":67},[53,39013,37203],{"class":1627},[53,39015,37207],{"class":37206},[53,39017,171],{"class":67},[53,39019,3441],{"class":117},[53,39021,3811],{"class":63},[53,39023,790],{"class":333},[53,39025,81],{"class":67},[53,39027,68],{"class":67},[53,39029,517],{"class":333},[53,39031,81],{"class":67},[53,39033,790],{"class":333},[53,39035,81],{"class":67},[53,39037,1269],{"class":333},[53,39039,81],{"class":67},[53,39041,826],{"class":333},[53,39043,3449],{"class":67},[53,39045,39046],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39047,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,39049,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,39051,137],{"class":136},[53,39053,121],{"class":67},[53,39055,7643],{"class":1320},[53,39057,121],{"class":67},[53,39059,383],{"class":117},[53,39061,628],{"class":67},[53,39063,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,39065,137],{"class":136},[53,39067,121],{"class":67},[53,39069,7643],{"class":1320},[53,39071,121],{"class":67},[53,39073,383],{"class":117},[53,39075,628],{"class":67},[20,39077,388],{},[44,39079,39080],{"className":46,"code":37820,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,39081,39082,39094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39083,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39085,1226],{"class":67},[53,39087,882],{"class":333},[53,39089,81],{"class":67},[53,39091,826],{"class":333},[53,39093,101],{"class":67},[53,39095,39096],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39097,37839],{"class":67},[20,39099,39100],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[44,39102,39104],{"className":46,"code":39103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39105,39106,39152,39156,39166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39107,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39109,351],{"class":59},[53,39111,64],{"class":63},[53,39113,22105],{"class":1320},[53,39115,121],{"class":67},[53,39117,37145],{"class":136},[53,39119,121],{"class":67},[53,39121,37203],{"class":1627},[53,39123,37207],{"class":37206},[53,39125,171],{"class":67},[53,39127,3441],{"class":117},[53,39129,3811],{"class":63},[53,39131,790],{"class":333},[53,39133,81],{"class":67},[53,39135,68],{"class":67},[53,39137,517],{"class":333},[53,39139,81],{"class":67},[53,39141,790],{"class":333},[53,39143,81],{"class":67},[53,39145,1269],{"class":333},[53,39147,81],{"class":67},[53,39149,826],{"class":333},[53,39151,2559],{"class":67},[53,39153,39154],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39155,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,39157,39158,39160,39162,39164],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,39159,137],{"class":136},[53,39161,121],{"class":67},[53,39163,383],{"class":117},[53,39165,130],{"class":67},[53,39167,39168,39170,39172,39174],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,39169,137],{"class":136},[53,39171,121],{"class":67},[53,39173,383],{"class":117},[53,39175,130],{"class":67},[1418,39177,39179],{"id":39178},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39181,39182],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39184,1209],{},[44,39186,39188],{"className":46,"code":39187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39189,39190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39191,39192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39193,39187],{"class":148},[20,39195,974,39196,6103],{},[15,39197,334],{},[20,39199,1183],{},[44,39201,39203],{"className":46,"code":39202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39204,39205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39206,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39208,137],{"class":136},[53,39210,121],{"class":67},[53,39212,7643],{"class":1320},[53,39214,121],{"class":67},[53,39216,37145],{"class":136},[53,39218,121],{"class":67},[53,39220,37203],{"class":1627},[53,39222,37207],{"class":37206},[53,39224,171],{"class":67},[53,39226,3441],{"class":117},[53,39228,3811],{"class":63},[53,39230,790],{"class":333},[53,39232,81],{"class":67},[53,39234,68],{"class":67},[53,39236,517],{"class":333},[53,39238,81],{"class":67},[53,39240,790],{"class":333},[53,39242,81],{"class":67},[53,39244,1269],{"class":333},[53,39246,81],{"class":67},[53,39248,826],{"class":333},[53,39250,36808],{"class":67},[1418,39252,36747,39254,8254,39256],{"id":39253},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39255,37119],{},[15,39257,39258],{},"map()",[173,39260,39261,39266],{},[176,39262,39263,39265],{},[15,39264,37119],{}," keeps or removes items",[176,39267,39268,39270],{},[15,39269,39258],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39272,39273,39274,171],{},"Example of ",[15,39275,37119],{},[44,39277,39279],{"className":46,"code":39278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39280,39281,39305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39282,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39284,326],{"class":59},[53,39286,64],{"class":63},[53,39288,68],{"class":67},[53,39290,517],{"class":333},[53,39292,81],{"class":67},[53,39294,790],{"class":333},[53,39296,81],{"class":67},[53,39298,1269],{"class":333},[53,39300,81],{"class":67},[53,39302,826],{"class":333},[53,39304,101],{"class":67},[53,39306,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39308,137],{"class":136},[53,39310,121],{"class":67},[53,39312,7643],{"class":1320},[53,39314,121],{"class":67},[53,39316,37145],{"class":136},[53,39318,121],{"class":67},[53,39320,37203],{"class":1627},[53,39322,37207],{"class":37206},[53,39324,171],{"class":67},[53,39326,3441],{"class":117},[53,39328,3811],{"class":63},[53,39330,790],{"class":333},[53,39332,81],{"class":67},[53,39334,356],{"class":117},[53,39336,2472],{"class":67},[20,39338,388],{},[44,39340,39342],{"className":46,"code":39341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39343,39344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39345,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39347,1226],{"class":67},[53,39349,882],{"class":333},[53,39351,81],{"class":67},[53,39353,826],{"class":333},[53,39355,101],{"class":67},[20,39357,39273,39358,171],{},[15,39359,39258],{},[44,39361,39363],{"className":46,"code":39362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39364,39365,39389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39366,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39368,326],{"class":59},[53,39370,64],{"class":63},[53,39372,68],{"class":67},[53,39374,517],{"class":333},[53,39376,81],{"class":67},[53,39378,790],{"class":333},[53,39380,81],{"class":67},[53,39382,1269],{"class":333},[53,39384,81],{"class":67},[53,39386,826],{"class":333},[53,39388,101],{"class":67},[53,39390,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39415,39417,39419,39421],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39392,137],{"class":136},[53,39394,121],{"class":67},[53,39396,7643],{"class":1320},[53,39398,121],{"class":67},[53,39400,39401],{"class":136},"map",[53,39403,121],{"class":67},[53,39405,37203],{"class":1627},[53,39407,37207],{"class":37206},[53,39409,171],{"class":67},[53,39411,3441],{"class":117},[53,39413,39414],{"class":63},"*",[53,39416,790],{"class":333},[53,39418,81],{"class":67},[53,39420,356],{"class":117},[53,39422,2472],{"class":67},[20,39424,388],{},[44,39426,39428],{"className":46,"code":39427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39429,39430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39431,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39433,1226],{"class":67},[53,39435,525],{"class":333},[53,39437,81],{"class":67},[53,39439,826],{"class":333},[53,39441,81],{"class":67},[53,39443,37187],{"class":333},[53,39445,81],{"class":67},[53,39447,5912],{"class":333},[53,39449,101],{"class":67},[20,39451,39452,39453,37],{},"For the related function, see ",[195,39454,3138,39456,3071],{"href":39455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39457,39258],{},[39,39459,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,39461,1431,39463,39465],{"id":39462},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39464,37119],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39467,39468,39469,39471],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39470,24326],{}," if needed.",[1418,39473,39475,39476,39478],{"id":39474},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39477,37119],{}," need to return?",[20,39480,37426,39481,39483,39484,39486],{},[15,39482,3167],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39485,3234],{}," to remove it.",[1418,39488,27872,39490,39492],{"id":39489},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39491,37119],{}," without lambda?",[20,39494,39495],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1418,39497,1421,39499,39502],{"id":39498},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39500,39501],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39504,39505,39506,39508,39509,894,39511,37],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39507,187],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39510,3338],{},[15,39512,3234],{},[1418,39514,20965,39516,39518],{"id":39515},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39517,37119],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39520,39521,39522,39524],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39523,5510],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39526,39527],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[173,39529,39530,39536,39542],{},[176,39531,39532,39533,39535],{},"use ",[15,39534,37119],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[176,39537,39538,39539,39541],{},"use a ",[15,39540,5510],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[176,39543,39544],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39546,39547,39548,37],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[195,39549,4687],{"href":39550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[39,39552,1471],{"id":1470},[173,39554,39555,39560,39564,39569,39575],{},[176,39556,39557],{},[195,39558,39559],{"href":37996},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[176,39561,39562],{},[195,39563,4773],{"href":39550},[176,39565,39566],{},[195,39567,39568],{"href":38725},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[176,39570,39571],{},[195,39572,3138,39573,3071],{"href":39455},[15,39574,39258],{},[176,39576,39577],{},[195,39578,4768],{"href":5138},[1494,39580,39581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":39583},[39584,39585,39587,39591,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39612,39624],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":37253,"depth":104,"text":39586},"What filter() does",{"id":37387,"depth":104,"text":37388,"children":39588},[39589,39590],{"id":37404,"depth":133,"text":37404},{"id":3280,"depth":133,"text":3280},{"id":300,"depth":104,"text":301,"children":39592},[39593],{"id":37732,"depth":133,"text":37733},{"id":37845,"depth":104,"text":39595},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38000,"depth":104,"text":39597},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38162,"depth":104,"text":39599},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38342,"depth":104,"text":39601},"When to use filter()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":39603},[39604,39606,39608,39609,39610],{"id":38735,"depth":133,"text":39605},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38868,"depth":133,"text":39607},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38993,"depth":133,"text":38994},{"id":39178,"depth":133,"text":39179},{"id":39253,"depth":133,"text":39611},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":39613},[39614,39616,39618,39620,39622],{"id":39462,"depth":133,"text":39615},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39474,"depth":133,"text":39617},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39489,"depth":133,"text":39619},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39498,"depth":133,"text":39621},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39515,"depth":133,"text":39623},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37111,"description":39625},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39632,"title":39633,"body":39634,"description":41786,"extension":1524,"meta":41787,"navigation":372,"path":41788,"seo":41789,"stem":41790,"__hash__":41791},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39635,"toc":41740},[39636,39639,39644,39650,39652,39704,39706,39725,39730,39734,39739,39742,39757,39760,39782,39784,39833,39835,39859,39861,39863,39878,39883,39891,39906,39908,39917,39920,39955,39959,39964,39968,39975,40010,40012,40028,40032,40035,40076,40078,40092,40096,40099,40123,40125,40134,40138,40141,40174,40176,40189,40193,40199,40218,40220,40228,40232,40237,40241,40246,40269,40271,40300,40303,40322,40326,40329,40356,40358,40392,40396,40399,40423,40427,40438,40440,40445,40451,40453,40537,40539,40581,40584,40588,40595,40604,40660,40667,40676,40681,40685,40756,40758,40767,40771,40774,40818,40820,40829,40833,40839,40889,40893,40898,40902,40926,40928,40937,40941,40965,40967,40978,40982,41006,41008,41017,41020,41037,41043,41047,41053,41056,41061,41064,41085,41087,41119,41122,41127,41129,41140,41142,41186,41190,41197,41249,41251,41260,41264,41267,41360,41363,41387,41391,41394,41486,41491,41495,41502,41507,41531,41533,41542,41547,41570,41572,41580,41587,41610,41618,41620,41633,41643,41645,41649,41656,41660,41669,41673,41680,41684,41688,41692,41705,41707,41737],[10,39637,39633],{"id":39638},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39640,8673,39641,39643],{},[15,39642,2444],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39645,39646,39647,39649],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39648,2444],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[39,39651,1566],{"id":1565},[44,39653,39655],{"className":46,"code":39654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39656,39657,39671,39690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39658,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39660,137],{"class":136},[53,39662,121],{"class":67},[53,39664,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39666,121],{"class":67},[53,39668,1698],{"class":333},[53,39670,628],{"class":67},[53,39672,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39686,39688],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39674,137],{"class":136},[53,39676,121],{"class":67},[53,39678,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39680,121],{"class":67},[53,39682,72],{"class":71},[53,39684,39685],{"class":75},"3.14",[53,39687,72],{"class":71},[53,39689,628],{"class":67},[53,39691,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,39693,137],{"class":136},[53,39695,121],{"class":67},[53,39697,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39699,121],{"class":67},[53,39701,3167],{"class":3413},[53,39703,628],{"class":67},[20,39705,388],{},[44,39707,39709],{"className":46,"code":39708,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39710,39711,39715,39720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39712,39713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39714,2037],{"class":333},[53,39716,39717],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39718,39719],{"class":333},"3.14\n",[53,39721,39722],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,39723,39724],{"class":333},"1.0\n",[20,39726,152,39727,39729],{},[15,39728,2444],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[39,39731,39733],{"id":39732},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39735,39736,39738],{},[15,39737,2444],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39740,39741],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[173,39743,39744,39748,39752],{},[176,39745,39746],{},[15,39747,2049],{},[176,39749,39750],{},[15,39751,39685],{},[176,39753,39754],{},[15,39755,39756],{},"0.5",[20,39758,39759],{},"A few key points:",[173,39761,39762,39769,39772,39775],{},[176,39763,39764,39766,39767],{},[15,39765,2444],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39768,1753],{},[176,39770,39771],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[176,39773,39774],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[176,39776,39777,39778],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[195,39779,39780],{"href":7769},[15,39781,2518],{},[20,39783,316],{},[44,39785,39787],{"className":46,"code":39786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39788,39789,39809,39819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39790,39791,39793,39795,39798,39800,39802,39805,39807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39792,1778],{"class":59},[53,39794,64],{"class":63},[53,39796,39797],{"class":1320}," float",[53,39799,121],{"class":67},[53,39801,72],{"class":71},[53,39803,39804],{"class":75},"2.75",[53,39806,72],{"class":71},[53,39808,130],{"class":67},[53,39810,39811,39813,39815,39817],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39812,137],{"class":136},[53,39814,121],{"class":67},[53,39816,1800],{"class":117},[53,39818,130],{"class":67},[53,39820,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,39822,137],{"class":136},[53,39824,121],{"class":67},[53,39826,1321],{"class":1320},[53,39828,121],{"class":67},[53,39830,1800],{"class":117},[53,39832,628],{"class":67},[20,39834,388],{},[44,39836,39838],{"className":46,"code":39837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39839,39840,39845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39841,39842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39843,39844],{"class":333},"2.75\n",[53,39846,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39848,2851],{"class":63},[53,39850,2854],{"class":1627},[53,39852,2857],{"class":71},[53,39854,1753],{"class":75},[53,39856,2862],{"class":71},[53,39858,2865],{"class":63},[39,39860,202],{"id":201},[20,39862,6769],{},[44,39864,39866],{"className":46,"code":39865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"float(value)\n",[15,39867,39868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39869,39870,39872,39874,39876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39871,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39873,121],{"class":67},[53,39875,224],{"class":117},[53,39877,130],{"class":67},[20,39879,39880,39881,37],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39882,2444],{},[20,39884,39885,39886,39888,39889,171],{},"If you call ",[15,39887,2444],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39890,3328],{},[44,39892,39894],{"className":46,"code":39893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float())\n",[15,39895,39896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39897,39898,39900,39902,39904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39899,137],{"class":136},[53,39901,121],{"class":67},[53,39903,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39905,6745],{"class":67},[20,39907,388],{},[44,39909,39911],{"className":46,"code":39910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0.0\n",[15,39912,39913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39914,39915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39916,39910],{"class":333},[20,39918,39919],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[44,39921,39923],{"className":46,"code":39922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39924,39925,39945],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39926,39927,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39941,39943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39928,39929],{"class":59},"price ",[53,39931,64],{"class":63},[53,39933,39797],{"class":1320},[53,39935,121],{"class":67},[53,39937,72],{"class":71},[53,39939,39940],{"class":75},"19.99",[53,39942,72],{"class":71},[53,39944,130],{"class":67},[53,39946,39947,39949,39951,39953],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39948,137],{"class":136},[53,39950,121],{"class":67},[53,39952,24695],{"class":117},[53,39954,130],{"class":67},[39,39956,39958],{"id":39957},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39960,39961,39963],{},[15,39962,2444],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1418,39965,39967],{"id":39966},"integers","Integers",[20,39969,39970,39971,39974],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39972,39973],{},".0"," added:",[44,39976,39978],{"className":46,"code":39977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39979,39980,39994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39981,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39983,137],{"class":136},[53,39985,121],{"class":67},[53,39987,1753],{"class":1320},[53,39989,121],{"class":67},[53,39991,1698],{"class":333},[53,39993,628],{"class":67},[53,39995,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39997,137],{"class":136},[53,39999,121],{"class":67},[53,40001,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40003,121],{"class":67},[53,40005,1585],{"class":63},[53,40007,525],{"class":333},[53,40009,628],{"class":67},[20,40011,388],{},[44,40013,40015],{"className":46,"code":40014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40016,40017,40021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40018,40019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40020,2037],{"class":333},[53,40022,40023,40025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40024,1585],{"class":63},[53,40026,40027],{"class":333},"2.0\n",[1418,40029,40031],{"id":40030},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40033,40034],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[44,40036,40038],{"className":46,"code":40037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40039,40040,40058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40041,40042,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40043,137],{"class":136},[53,40045,121],{"class":67},[53,40047,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40049,121],{"class":67},[53,40051,72],{"class":71},[53,40053,39685],{"class":75},[53,40055,72],{"class":71},[53,40057,628],{"class":67},[53,40059,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40061,137],{"class":136},[53,40063,121],{"class":67},[53,40065,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40067,121],{"class":67},[53,40069,72],{"class":71},[53,40071,334],{"class":75},[53,40073,72],{"class":71},[53,40075,628],{"class":67},[20,40077,388],{},[44,40079,40081],{"className":46,"code":40080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40082,40083,40087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40084,40085],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40086,39719],{"class":333},[53,40088,40089],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40090,40091],{"class":333},"10.0\n",[1418,40093,40095],{"id":40094},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40097,40098],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[44,40100,40102],{"className":46,"code":40101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40103,40104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40105,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40119,40121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40107,137],{"class":136},[53,40109,121],{"class":67},[53,40111,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40113,121],{"class":67},[53,40115,72],{"class":71},[53,40117,40118],{"class":75},"  8.5  ",[53,40120,72],{"class":71},[53,40122,628],{"class":67},[20,40124,388],{},[44,40126,40128],{"className":46,"code":40127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8.5\n",[15,40129,40130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40131,40132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40133,40127],{"class":333},[1418,40135,40137],{"id":40136},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40139,40140],{},"Boolean values also work:",[44,40142,40144],{"className":46,"code":40143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40145,40146,40160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40147,40148,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40149,137],{"class":136},[53,40151,121],{"class":67},[53,40153,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40155,121],{"class":67},[53,40157,3167],{"class":3413},[53,40159,628],{"class":67},[53,40161,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40163,137],{"class":136},[53,40165,121],{"class":67},[53,40167,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40169,121],{"class":67},[53,40171,3234],{"class":3413},[53,40173,628],{"class":67},[20,40175,388],{},[44,40177,40179],{"className":46,"code":40178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40180,40181,40185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40182,40183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40184,39724],{"class":333},[53,40186,40187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40188,39910],{"class":333},[1418,40190,40192],{"id":40191},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40194,40195,40196,40198],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40197,2444],{}," returns a float version of it:",[44,40200,40202],{"className":46,"code":40201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40203,40204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40205,40206,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40207,137],{"class":136},[53,40209,121],{"class":67},[53,40211,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40213,121],{"class":67},[53,40215,1922],{"class":333},[53,40217,628],{"class":67},[20,40219,388],{},[44,40221,40222],{"className":46,"code":1946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,40223,40224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40225,40226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40227,1946],{"class":333},[39,40229,40231],{"id":40230},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40233,40234,40235,37],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40236,2444],{},[1418,40238,40240],{"id":40239},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40242,40243,40244,171],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40245,36],{},[44,40247,40249],{"className":46,"code":40248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40250,40251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40252,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40254,137],{"class":136},[53,40256,121],{"class":67},[53,40258,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40260,121],{"class":67},[53,40262,72],{"class":71},[53,40264,3406],{"class":75},[53,40266,72],{"class":71},[53,40268,628],{"class":67},[20,40270,29225],{},[44,40272,40274],{"className":46,"code":40273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40275,40276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40277,40278,40280,40282,40285,40287,40290,40292,40294,40296,40298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40279,36],{"class":1320},[53,40281,171],{"class":67},[53,40283,40284],{"class":59}," could ",[53,40286,1112],{"class":63},[53,40288,40289],{"class":59}," convert string to ",[53,40291,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40293,171],{"class":67},[53,40295,2857],{"class":71},[53,40297,3406],{"class":75},[53,40299,29244],{"class":71},[20,40301,40302],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[44,40304,40306],{"className":46,"code":40305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40307,40308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40311,137],{"class":136},[53,40313,121],{"class":67},[53,40315,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40317,121],{"class":67},[53,40319,5824],{"class":71},[53,40321,628],{"class":67},[1418,40323,40325],{"id":40324},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40327,40328],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[44,40330,40332],{"className":46,"code":40331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40333,40334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40335,40336,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40337,137],{"class":136},[53,40339,121],{"class":67},[53,40341,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40343,2546],{"class":67},[53,40345,517],{"class":333},[53,40347,81],{"class":67},[53,40349,790],{"class":333},[53,40351,81],{"class":67},[53,40353,1269],{"class":333},[53,40355,2559],{"class":67},[20,40357,29225],{},[44,40359,40361],{"className":46,"code":40360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40362,40363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40364,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373,40376,40379,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40366,2565],{"class":1320},[53,40368,171],{"class":67},[53,40370,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40372,6917],{"class":67},[53,40374,40375],{"class":59}," argument must be a string ",[53,40377,40378],{"class":63},"or",[53,40380,40381],{"class":59}," a real number",[53,40383,81],{"class":67},[53,40385,7649],{"class":63},[53,40387,2857],{"class":71},[53,40389,7643],{"class":75},[53,40391,29244],{"class":71},[1418,40393,40395],{"id":40394},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40397,40398],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[44,40400,40402],{"className":46,"code":40401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40403,40404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40405,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416,40419,40421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40407,137],{"class":136},[53,40409,121],{"class":67},[53,40411,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40413,121],{"class":67},[53,40415,72],{"class":71},[53,40417,40418],{"class":75},"3,14",[53,40420,72],{"class":71},[53,40422,628],{"class":67},[20,40424,2562,40425,37],{},[15,40426,36],{},[20,40428,40429,40430,667,40434,37],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[195,40431,40433],{"href":40432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[195,40435,40437],{"href":40436},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[39,40439,16967],{"id":16966},[20,40441,40442,40444],{},[15,40443,2444],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40446,40447,40448,40450],{},"It does ",[30,40449,1112],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40452,316],{},[44,40454,40456],{"className":46,"code":40455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40457,40458,40471,40485,40489,40499,40509,40523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40459,40460,40462,40464,40466,40469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40461,34233],{"class":59},[53,40463,64],{"class":63},[53,40465,84],{"class":71},[53,40467,40468],{"class":75},"6.5",[53,40470,1032],{"class":71},[53,40472,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40474,1778],{"class":59},[53,40476,64],{"class":63},[53,40478,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40480,121],{"class":67},[53,40482,34254],{"class":117},[53,40484,130],{"class":67},[53,40486,40487],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40488,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,40490,40491,40493,40495,40497],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40492,137],{"class":136},[53,40494,121],{"class":67},[53,40496,34254],{"class":117},[53,40498,130],{"class":67},[53,40500,40501,40503,40505,40507],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,40502,137],{"class":136},[53,40504,121],{"class":67},[53,40506,1800],{"class":117},[53,40508,130],{"class":67},[53,40510,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,40512,137],{"class":136},[53,40514,121],{"class":67},[53,40516,1321],{"class":1320},[53,40518,121],{"class":67},[53,40520,34254],{"class":117},[53,40522,628],{"class":67},[53,40524,40525,40527,40529,40531,40533,40535],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,40526,137],{"class":136},[53,40528,121],{"class":67},[53,40530,1321],{"class":1320},[53,40532,121],{"class":67},[53,40534,1800],{"class":117},[53,40536,628],{"class":67},[20,40538,388],{},[44,40540,40542],{"className":46,"code":40541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40543,40544,40549,40553,40567],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40545,40546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40547,40548],{"class":333},"6.5\n",[53,40550,40551],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40552,40548],{"class":333},[53,40554,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40556,2851],{"class":63},[53,40558,2854],{"class":1627},[53,40560,2857],{"class":71},[53,40562,3005],{"class":75},[53,40564,2862],{"class":71},[53,40566,2865],{"class":63},[53,40568,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40570,2851],{"class":63},[53,40572,2854],{"class":1627},[53,40574,2857],{"class":71},[53,40576,1753],{"class":75},[53,40578,2862],{"class":71},[53,40580,2865],{"class":63},[20,40582,40583],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[39,40585,40587],{"id":40586},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1418,40589,40591,40592,40594],{"id":40590},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40593,2518],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40596,1541,40597,40601,40602,37],{},[195,40598,40599,1863],{"href":7769},[15,40600,2518],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40603,2444],{},[44,40605,40607],{"className":46,"code":40606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40608,40609,40628,40642,40646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40610,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619,40621,40624,40626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40612,7787],{"class":59},[53,40614,64],{"class":63},[53,40616,7792],{"class":136},[53,40618,121],{"class":67},[53,40620,72],{"class":71},[53,40622,40623],{"class":75},"Enter a price: ",[53,40625,72],{"class":71},[53,40627,130],{"class":67},[53,40629,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40631,39929],{"class":59},[53,40633,64],{"class":63},[53,40635,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40637,121],{"class":67},[53,40639,7816],{"class":117},[53,40641,130],{"class":67},[53,40643,40644],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40645,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,40647,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40649,137],{"class":136},[53,40651,121],{"class":67},[53,40653,39929],{"class":117},[53,40655,39414],{"class":63},[53,40657,790],{"class":333},[53,40659,130],{"class":67},[20,40661,40662,40663,40666],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40664,40665],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[44,40668,40670],{"className":46,"code":40669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"9.0\n",[15,40671,40672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40673,40674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40675,40669],{"class":333},[20,40677,40678,40679,37],{},"For more help with this, see ",[195,40680,8531],{"href":8530},[1418,40682,40684],{"id":40683},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[44,40686,40688],{"className":46,"code":40687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40689,40690,40703,40716,40720,40745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40691,40692,40694,40696,40698,40701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40693,2112],{"class":59},[53,40695,64],{"class":63},[53,40697,84],{"class":71},[53,40699,40700],{"class":75},"2.5",[53,40702,1032],{"class":71},[53,40704,40705,40707,40709,40711,40714],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40706,2140],{"class":59},[53,40708,64],{"class":63},[53,40710,84],{"class":71},[53,40712,40713],{"class":75},"1.5",[53,40715,1032],{"class":71},[53,40717,40718],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40719,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,40721,40722,40725,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40723,40724],{"class":59},"total ",[53,40726,64],{"class":63},[53,40728,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40730,121],{"class":67},[53,40732,195],{"class":117},[53,40734,145],{"class":67},[53,40736,2013],{"class":63},[53,40738,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40740,121],{"class":67},[53,40742,704],{"class":117},[53,40744,130],{"class":67},[53,40746,40747,40749,40751,40754],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,40748,137],{"class":136},[53,40750,121],{"class":67},[53,40752,40753],{"class":117},"total",[53,40755,130],{"class":67},[20,40757,388],{},[44,40759,40761],{"className":46,"code":40760,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.0\n",[15,40762,40763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40764,40765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40766,40760],{"class":333},[1418,40768,40770],{"id":40769},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40772,40773],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[44,40775,40777],{"className":46,"code":40776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40778,40779,40789,40804,40808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40780,40781,40784,40786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40782,40783],{"class":59},"count ",[53,40785,64],{"class":63},[53,40787,40788],{"class":333}," 7\n",[53,40790,40791,40793,40795,40797,40799,40802],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40792,351],{"class":59},[53,40794,64],{"class":63},[53,40796,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40798,121],{"class":67},[53,40800,40801],{"class":117},"count",[53,40803,130],{"class":67},[53,40805,40806],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40807,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,40809,40810,40812,40814,40816],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40811,137],{"class":136},[53,40813,121],{"class":67},[53,40815,383],{"class":117},[53,40817,130],{"class":67},[20,40819,388],{},[44,40821,40823],{"className":46,"code":40822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.0\n",[15,40824,40825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40826,40827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40828,40822],{"class":333},[1418,40830,40832],{"id":40831},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40834,40835,40836,40838],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40837,2444],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[44,40840,40842],{"className":46,"code":40841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40843,40844,40858,40874,40878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40845,40846,40849,40851,40853,40856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40847,40848],{"class":59},"temperature_text ",[53,40850,64],{"class":63},[53,40852,84],{"class":71},[53,40854,40855],{"class":75},"21.8",[53,40857,1032],{"class":71},[53,40859,40860,40863,40865,40867,40869,40872],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40861,40862],{"class":59},"temperature ",[53,40864,64],{"class":63},[53,40866,39797],{"class":1320},[53,40868,121],{"class":67},[53,40870,40871],{"class":117},"temperature_text",[53,40873,130],{"class":67},[53,40875,40876],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,40877,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,40879,40880,40882,40884,40887],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,40881,137],{"class":136},[53,40883,121],{"class":67},[53,40885,40886],{"class":117},"temperature",[53,40888,130],{"class":67},[39,40890,40892],{"id":40891},"special-values","Special values",[20,40894,40895,40897],{},[15,40896,2444],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1418,40899,40901],{"id":40900},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[44,40903,40905],{"className":46,"code":40904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40906,40907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40908,40909,40911,40913,40915,40917,40919,40922,40924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40910,137],{"class":136},[53,40912,121],{"class":67},[53,40914,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40916,121],{"class":67},[53,40918,72],{"class":71},[53,40920,40921],{"class":75},"inf",[53,40923,72],{"class":71},[53,40925,628],{"class":67},[20,40927,388],{},[44,40929,40931],{"className":46,"code":40930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"inf\n",[15,40932,40933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40934,40935],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40936,40930],{"class":59},[1418,40938,40940],{"id":40939},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[44,40942,40944],{"className":46,"code":40943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40945,40946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40961,40963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40949,137],{"class":136},[53,40951,121],{"class":67},[53,40953,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40955,121],{"class":67},[53,40957,72],{"class":71},[53,40959,40960],{"class":75},"-inf",[53,40962,72],{"class":71},[53,40964,628],{"class":67},[20,40966,388],{},[44,40968,40970],{"className":46,"code":40969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-inf\n",[15,40971,40972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40973,40974,40976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40975,1585],{"class":63},[53,40977,40930],{"class":59},[1418,40979,40981],{"id":40980},"not-a-number","Not a number",[44,40983,40985],{"className":46,"code":40984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40986,40987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40988,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41002,41004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40990,137],{"class":136},[53,40992,121],{"class":67},[53,40994,1753],{"class":1320},[53,40996,121],{"class":67},[53,40998,72],{"class":71},[53,41000,41001],{"class":75},"nan",[53,41003,72],{"class":71},[53,41005,628],{"class":67},[20,41007,388],{},[44,41009,41011],{"className":46,"code":41010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nan\n",[15,41012,41013],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41014,41015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41016,41010],{"class":59},[20,41018,41019],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[173,41021,41022,41027,41032],{},[176,41023,41024,41026],{},[15,41025,40921],{}," means positive infinity",[176,41028,41029,41031],{},[15,41030,40960],{}," means negative infinity",[176,41033,41034,41036],{},[15,41035,41001],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41038,41039,41040,41042],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41041,2444],{}," accepts them.",[39,41044,41046],{"id":41045},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41048,41049,41050,41052],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41051,2444],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1418,41054,36],{"id":41055},"valueerror",[20,41057,14740,41058,41060],{},[15,41059,36],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41062,41063],{},"Common causes:",[173,41065,41066,41072,41075,41078],{},[176,41067,41068,41069],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41070,41071],{},"\"abc\"",[176,41073,41074],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[176,41076,41077],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[176,41079,4261,41080],{},[195,41081,41082,41084],{"href":7769},[15,41083,2518],{}," returns a string",[20,41086,316],{},[44,41088,41090],{"className":46,"code":41089,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41091,41092,41105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41093,41094,41096,41098,41100,41103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41095,2006],{"class":59},[53,41097,64],{"class":63},[53,41099,84],{"class":71},[53,41101,41102],{"class":75},"abc",[53,41104,1032],{"class":71},[53,41106,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115,41117],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41108,137],{"class":136},[53,41110,121],{"class":67},[53,41112,1753],{"class":1320},[53,41114,121],{"class":67},[53,41116,224],{"class":117},[53,41118,628],{"class":67},[1418,41120,2565],{"id":41121},"typeerror",[20,41123,14740,41124,41126],{},[15,41125,2565],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41128,41063],{},[173,41130,41131,41134,41137],{},[176,41132,41133],{},"Passing a list",[176,41135,41136],{},"Passing a dictionary",[176,41138,41139],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41141,316],{},[44,41143,41145],{"className":46,"code":41144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41146,41147,41172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159,41161,41163,41165,41168,41170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41150,2006],{"class":59},[53,41152,64],{"class":63},[53,41154,10041],{"class":67},[53,41156,72],{"class":71},[53,41158,24695],{"class":75},[53,41160,72],{"class":71},[53,41162,171],{"class":67},[53,41164,84],{"class":71},[53,41166,41167],{"class":75},"9.99",[53,41169,72],{"class":71},[53,41171,8860],{"class":67},[53,41173,41174,41176,41178,41180,41182,41184],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41175,137],{"class":136},[53,41177,121],{"class":67},[53,41179,1753],{"class":1320},[53,41181,121],{"class":67},[53,41183,224],{"class":117},[53,41185,628],{"class":67},[1418,41187,41189],{"id":41188},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41191,41192,41193,41196],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41194,41195],{},"strip()"," can help:",[44,41198,41200],{"className":46,"code":41199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41201,41202,41215,41230,41234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41203,41204,41206,41208,41210,41213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41205,2006],{"class":59},[53,41207,64],{"class":63},[53,41209,84],{"class":71},[53,41211,41212],{"class":75},"  7.25  ",[53,41214,1032],{"class":71},[53,41216,41217,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41218,41219],{"class":59},"clean_value ",[53,41221,64],{"class":63},[53,41223,7981],{"class":59},[53,41225,37],{"class":67},[53,41227,8183],{"class":117},[53,41229,8192],{"class":67},[53,41231,41232],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,41233,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,41235,41236,41238,41240,41242,41244,41247],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,41237,137],{"class":136},[53,41239,121],{"class":67},[53,41241,1753],{"class":1320},[53,41243,121],{"class":67},[53,41245,41246],{"class":117},"clean_value",[53,41248,628],{"class":67},[20,41250,388],{},[44,41252,41254],{"className":46,"code":41253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.25\n",[15,41255,41256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41257,41258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41259,41253],{"class":333},[1418,41261,41263],{"id":41262},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41265,41266],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[44,41268,41270],{"className":46,"code":41269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41271,41272,41285,41289,41299,41313,41328,41332,41346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41273,41274,41276,41278,41280,41283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41275,2006],{"class":59},[53,41277,64],{"class":63},[53,41279,84],{"class":71},[53,41281,41282],{"class":75}," 3.5 ",[53,41284,1032],{"class":71},[53,41286,41287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41288,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,41292,137],{"class":136},[53,41294,121],{"class":67},[53,41296,224],{"class":117},[53,41298,130],{"class":67},[53,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,41302,137],{"class":136},[53,41304,121],{"class":67},[53,41306,1321],{"class":1320},[53,41308,121],{"class":67},[53,41310,224],{"class":117},[53,41312,628],{"class":67},[53,41314,41315,41317,41319,41322,41324,41326],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,41316,137],{"class":136},[53,41318,121],{"class":67},[53,41320,41321],{"class":136},"repr",[53,41323,121],{"class":67},[53,41325,224],{"class":117},[53,41327,628],{"class":67},[53,41329,41330],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,41331,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,41333,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342,41344],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,41335,41219],{"class":59},[53,41337,64],{"class":63},[53,41339,7981],{"class":59},[53,41341,37],{"class":67},[53,41343,8183],{"class":117},[53,41345,8192],{"class":67},[53,41347,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,41349,137],{"class":136},[53,41351,121],{"class":67},[53,41353,1753],{"class":1320},[53,41355,121],{"class":67},[53,41357,41246],{"class":117},[53,41359,628],{"class":67},[20,41361,41362],{},"Why this helps:",[173,41364,41365,41371,41376,41382],{},[176,41366,41367,41370],{},[15,41368,41369],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[176,41372,41373,20912],{},[15,41374,41375],{},"print(type(value))",[176,41377,41378,41381],{},[15,41379,41380],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[176,41383,41384,41386],{},[15,41385,41195],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1418,41388,41390],{"id":41389},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41392,41393],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[44,41395,41397],{"className":46,"code":41396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41398,41399,41418,41422,41428,41443,41462,41471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41400,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41411,41414,41416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41402,2006],{"class":59},[53,41404,64],{"class":63},[53,41406,7792],{"class":136},[53,41408,121],{"class":67},[53,41410,72],{"class":71},[53,41412,41413],{"class":75},"Enter a number: ",[53,41415,72],{"class":71},[53,41417,130],{"class":67},[53,41419,41420],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41421,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,41423,41424,41426],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,41425,29348],{"class":1041},[53,41427,1053],{"class":67},[53,41429,41430,41433,41435,41437,41439,41441],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,41431,41432],{"class":59},"    number ",[53,41434,64],{"class":63},[53,41436,39797],{"class":1320},[53,41438,121],{"class":67},[53,41440,224],{"class":117},[53,41442,130],{"class":67},[53,41444,41445,41447,41449,41451,41454,41456,41458,41460],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,41446,1058],{"class":136},[53,41448,121],{"class":67},[53,41450,72],{"class":71},[53,41452,41453],{"class":75},"Converted:",[53,41455,72],{"class":71},[53,41457,81],{"class":67},[53,41459,1758],{"class":117},[53,41461,130],{"class":67},[53,41463,41464,41466,41469],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,41465,29379],{"class":1041},[53,41467,41468],{"class":1320}," ValueError",[53,41470,1053],{"class":67},[53,41472,41473,41475,41477,41479,41482,41484],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,41474,1058],{"class":136},[53,41476,121],{"class":67},[53,41478,72],{"class":71},[53,41480,41481],{"class":75},"That is not a valid number.",[53,41483,72],{"class":71},[53,41485,130],{"class":67},[20,41487,41488,41489,37],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[195,41490,40437],{"href":40436},[39,41492,41494],{"id":41493},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41496,10141,41497,667,41499,41501],{},[15,41498,2444],{},[15,41500,2437],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41503,41504,41506],{},[15,41505,2444],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[44,41508,41510],{"className":46,"code":41509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41511,41512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41513,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41527,41529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41515,137],{"class":136},[53,41517,121],{"class":67},[53,41519,1753],{"class":1320},[53,41521,121],{"class":67},[53,41523,72],{"class":71},[53,41525,41526],{"class":75},"3.9",[53,41528,72],{"class":71},[53,41530,628],{"class":67},[20,41532,388],{},[44,41534,41536],{"className":46,"code":41535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.9\n",[15,41537,41538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41539,41540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41541,41535],{"class":333},[20,41543,41544,41546],{},[15,41545,2437],{}," creates whole numbers:",[44,41548,41550],{"className":46,"code":41549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41551,41552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41553,41554,41556,41558,41560,41562,41564,41566,41568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41555,137],{"class":136},[53,41557,121],{"class":67},[53,41559,1750],{"class":1320},[53,41561,121],{"class":67},[53,41563,72],{"class":71},[53,41565,334],{"class":75},[53,41567,72],{"class":71},[53,41569,628],{"class":67},[20,41571,388],{},[44,41573,41574],{"className":46,"code":1936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,41575,41576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41577,41578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41579,1936],{"class":333},[20,41581,41582,41583,41586],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41584,41585],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[44,41588,41590],{"className":46,"code":41589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41591,41592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41593,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602,41604,41606,41608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41595,137],{"class":136},[53,41597,121],{"class":67},[53,41599,1750],{"class":1320},[53,41601,121],{"class":67},[53,41603,72],{"class":71},[53,41605,41526],{"class":75},[53,41607,72],{"class":71},[53,41609,628],{"class":67},[20,41611,2562,41612,8150,41614,41617],{},[15,41613,36],{},[15,41615,41616],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41619,10263],{},[173,41621,41622,41628],{},[176,41623,41624,41627],{},[15,41625,41626],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[176,41629,41630,41632],{},[15,41631,41585],{}," fails",[20,41634,41635,41636,41639,41640,41642],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[195,41637,41638],{"href":2434},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[195,41641,1979],{"href":1978}," helpful.",[39,41644,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,41646,41648],{"id":41647},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41650,41651,41652,2438,41654,37],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41653,2049],{},[15,41655,39685],{},[1418,41657,41659],{"id":41658},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41661,41662,41663,2438,41666,37],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41664,41665],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41667,41668],{},"\"10\"",[1418,41670,41672],{"id":41671},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41674,28605,41675,41677,41678,37],{},[15,41676,41071],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41679,36],{},[1418,41681,41683],{"id":41682},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41685,4701,41686,37],{},[15,41687,3328],{},[1418,41689,41691],{"id":41690},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41693,41694,41695,41697,41698,667,41701,41697,41703,37],{},"Yes. ",[15,41696,3167],{}," becomes ",[15,41699,41700],{},"1.0",[15,41702,3234],{},[15,41704,3328],{},[39,41706,1471],{"id":1470},[173,41708,41709,41713,41719,41724,41728,41732],{},[176,41710,41711],{},[195,41712,41638],{"href":2434},[176,41714,41715],{},[195,41716,41718],{"href":41717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[176,41720,41721],{},[195,41722,41723],{"href":40432},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[176,41725,41726],{},[195,41727,8608],{"href":8530},[176,41729,41730],{},[195,41731,40437],{"href":40436},[176,41733,41734],{},[195,41735,41736],{"href":7769},"Python input() Function Explained",[1494,41738,41739],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":41741},[41742,41743,41744,41745,41752,41757,41758,41765,41770,41777,41778,41785],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":39732,"depth":104,"text":39733},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":39957,"depth":104,"text":39958,"children":41746},[41747,41748,41749,41750,41751],{"id":39966,"depth":133,"text":39967},{"id":40030,"depth":133,"text":40031},{"id":40094,"depth":133,"text":40095},{"id":40136,"depth":133,"text":40137},{"id":40191,"depth":133,"text":40192},{"id":40230,"depth":104,"text":40231,"children":41753},[41754,41755,41756],{"id":40239,"depth":133,"text":40240},{"id":40324,"depth":133,"text":40325},{"id":40394,"depth":133,"text":40395},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":40586,"depth":104,"text":40587,"children":41759},[41760,41762,41763,41764],{"id":40590,"depth":133,"text":41761},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40683,"depth":133,"text":40684},{"id":40769,"depth":133,"text":40770},{"id":40831,"depth":133,"text":40832},{"id":40891,"depth":104,"text":40892,"children":41766},[41767,41768,41769],{"id":40900,"depth":133,"text":40901},{"id":40939,"depth":133,"text":40940},{"id":40980,"depth":133,"text":40981},{"id":41045,"depth":104,"text":41046,"children":41771},[41772,41773,41774,41775,41776],{"id":41055,"depth":133,"text":36},{"id":41121,"depth":133,"text":2565},{"id":41188,"depth":133,"text":41189},{"id":41262,"depth":133,"text":41263},{"id":41389,"depth":133,"text":41390},{"id":41493,"depth":104,"text":41494},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":41779},[41780,41781,41782,41783,41784],{"id":41647,"depth":133,"text":41648},{"id":41658,"depth":133,"text":41659},{"id":41671,"depth":133,"text":41672},{"id":41682,"depth":133,"text":41683},{"id":41690,"depth":133,"text":41691},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39633,"description":41786},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41793,"title":41794,"body":41795,"description":43016,"extension":1524,"meta":43017,"navigation":372,"path":34570,"seo":43018,"stem":43019,"__hash__":43020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41796,"toc":42982},[41797,41800,41805,41808,41810,41849,41863,41867,41872,41875,41892,41895,41905,41920,41923,41925,41928,41944,41947,41950,41970,41974,41985,41988,41992,41996,42010,42045,42049,42060,42095,42098,42100,42108,42141,42157,42159,42169,42190,42201,42203,42208,42211,42225,42227,42246,42249,42262,42265,42269,42273,42287,42290,42308,42311,42326,42330,42335,42349,42355,42357,42414,42416,42449,42452,42468,42472,42479,42483,42488,42491,42502,42506,42511,42526,42535,42540,42559,42562,42574,42576,42581,42591,42594,42623,42628,42637,42641,42646,42649,42653,42658,42660,42690,42693,42700,42705,42710,42714,42717,42725,42728,42806,42809,42831,42833,42837,42840,42844,42850,42913,42917,42925,42929,42932,42934,42959,42979],[10,41798,41794],{"id":41799},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41801,3145,41802,41804],{},[15,41803,34573],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41806,41807],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[39,41809,1566],{"id":1565},[44,41811,41813],{"className":46,"code":41812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41814,41815,41825,41835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41816,41817,41819,41821,41823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41818,31697],{"class":136},[53,41820,121],{"class":67},[53,41822,10711],{"class":136},[53,41824,130],{"class":67},[53,41826,41827,41829,41831,41833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41828,31697],{"class":136},[53,41830,121],{"class":67},[53,41832,3005],{"class":1320},[53,41834,130],{"class":67},[53,41836,41837,41839,41841,41843,41845,41847],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,41838,31697],{"class":136},[53,41840,121],{"class":67},[53,41842,2862],{"class":71},[53,41844,34204],{"class":75},[53,41846,2862],{"class":71},[53,41848,130],{"class":67},[20,41850,152,41851,41853,41854,2438,41856,41858,41859,41862],{},[15,41852,34573],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41855,10711],{},[15,41857,3005],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41860,41861],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[39,41864,41866],{"id":41865},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41868,41869,41871],{},[15,41870,34573],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41873,41874],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[173,41876,41877,41880,41883,41886,41889],{},[176,41878,41879],{},"Functions",[176,41881,41882],{},"Classes",[176,41884,41885],{},"Methods",[176,41887,41888],{},"Modules",[176,41890,41891],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41893,41894],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41896,41897,41898,41904],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[195,41899,41901],{"href":41900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41902,41903],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[44,41906,41908],{"className":46,"code":41907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\n",[15,41909,41910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41913,31697],{"class":136},[53,41915,121],{"class":67},[53,41917,10711],{"class":136},[53,41919,130],{"class":67},[20,41921,41922],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[39,41924,202],{"id":201},[20,41926,41927],{},"The main form is:",[44,41929,41931],{"className":46,"code":41930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(object)\n",[15,41932,41933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41934,41935,41937,41939,41942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41936,31697],{"class":136},[53,41938,121],{"class":67},[53,41940,41941],{"class":1320},"object",[53,41943,130],{"class":67},[20,41945,41946],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41948,41949],{},"Common examples include:",[173,41951,41952,41956,41961,41965],{},[176,41953,41954],{},[15,41955,10711],{},[176,41957,41958],{},[15,41959,41960],{},"list.append",[176,41962,41963],{},[15,41964,3005],{},[176,41966,41967],{},[15,41968,41969],{},"open",[20,41971,6726,41972,6729],{},[15,41973,34573],{},[44,41975,41977],{"className":46,"code":41976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help()\n",[15,41978,41979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41980,41981,41983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41982,31697],{"class":136},[53,41984,8192],{"class":67},[20,41986,41987],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[39,41989,41991],{"id":41990},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1418,41993,41995],{"id":41994},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41997,41998,41999,891,42001,891,42003,894,42006,37],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42000,10711],{},[15,42002,137],{},[15,42004,42005],{},"input",[195,42007,42008],{"href":1859},[15,42009,1862],{},[44,42011,42013],{"className":46,"code":42012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42014,42015,42025,42035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42016,42017,42019,42021,42023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42018,31697],{"class":136},[53,42020,121],{"class":67},[53,42022,137],{"class":136},[53,42024,130],{"class":67},[53,42026,42027,42029,42031,42033],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42028,31697],{"class":136},[53,42030,121],{"class":67},[53,42032,42005],{"class":136},[53,42034,130],{"class":67},[53,42036,42037,42039,42041,42043],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,42038,31697],{"class":136},[53,42040,121],{"class":67},[53,42042,1321],{"class":1320},[53,42044,130],{"class":67},[1418,42046,42048],{"id":42047},"data-types","Data types",[20,42050,42051,42052,891,42054,891,42056,894,42058,37],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42053,3005],{},[15,42055,7643],{},[15,42057,8371],{},[15,42059,5839],{},[44,42061,42063],{"className":46,"code":42062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42064,42065,42075,42085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42066,42067,42069,42071,42073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42068,31697],{"class":136},[53,42070,121],{"class":67},[53,42072,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42074,130],{"class":67},[53,42076,42077,42079,42081,42083],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42078,31697],{"class":136},[53,42080,121],{"class":67},[53,42082,7643],{"class":1320},[53,42084,130],{"class":67},[53,42086,42087,42089,42091,42093],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,42088,31697],{"class":136},[53,42090,121],{"class":67},[53,42092,8371],{"class":1320},[53,42094,130],{"class":67},[20,42096,42097],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1418,42099,41885],{"id":34051},[20,42101,42102,42103,667,42106,37],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42104,42105],{},"str.split",[15,42107,41960],{},[44,42109,42111],{"className":46,"code":42110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42112,42113,42127],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42114,42115,42117,42119,42121,42123,42125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42116,31697],{"class":136},[53,42118,121],{"class":67},[53,42120,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42122,37],{"class":67},[53,42124,34014],{"class":1223},[53,42126,130],{"class":67},[53,42128,42129,42131,42133,42135,42137,42139],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42130,31697],{"class":136},[53,42132,121],{"class":67},[53,42134,7643],{"class":1320},[53,42136,37],{"class":67},[53,42138,13103],{"class":1223},[53,42140,130],{"class":67},[20,42142,42143,42144,8254,42146,27857,42151,42153,42154,42156],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42145,34573],{},[195,42147,42149],{"href":42148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42150,33856],{},[15,42152,33856],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42155,34573],{}," explains one of them.",[1418,42158,41888],{"id":34204},[20,42160,42161,42162,891,42164,894,42166,37],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42163,17964],{},[15,42165,34736],{},[15,42167,42168],{},"os",[44,42170,42172],{"className":46,"code":42171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42173,42174,42180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42175,42176,42178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42177,34637],{"class":1041},[53,42179,34640],{"class":59},[53,42181,42182,42184,42186,42188],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42183,31697],{"class":136},[53,42185,121],{"class":67},[53,42187,17964],{"class":117},[53,42189,130],{"class":67},[20,42191,42192,42193,42197,42198,37],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[195,42194,42196],{"href":42195},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[195,42199,34703],{"href":42200},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[39,42202,34464],{"id":34463},[20,42204,42205,42207],{},[15,42206,34573],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42209,42210],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[173,42212,42213,42216,42219,42222],{},[176,42214,42215],{},"The function signature",[176,42217,42218],{},"The short description",[176,42220,42221],{},"Parameter names",[176,42223,42224],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42226,5024],{},[44,42228,42230],{"className":46,"code":42229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42231,42232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42233,42234,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42235,31697],{"class":136},[53,42237,121],{"class":67},[53,42239,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42241,37],{"class":67},[53,42243,34014],{"class":1223},[53,42245,130],{"class":67},[20,42247,42248],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[173,42250,42251,42254,42257,42259],{},[176,42252,42253],{},"What object this is",[176,42255,42256],{},"What arguments it accepts",[176,42258,21515],{},[176,42260,42261],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42263,42264],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[39,42266,42268],{"id":42267},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42270,42271,29418],{},[15,42272,34573],{},[173,42274,42275,42278,42281,42284],{},[176,42276,42277],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[176,42279,42280],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[176,42282,42283],{},"You are exploring a new module",[176,42285,42286],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42288,42289],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[44,42291,42292],{"className":46,"code":42229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,42293,42294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42295,42296,42298,42300,42302,42304,42306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42297,31697],{"class":136},[53,42299,121],{"class":67},[53,42301,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42303,37],{"class":67},[53,42305,34014],{"class":1223},[53,42307,130],{"class":67},[20,42309,42310],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[44,42312,42314],{"className":46,"code":42313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(open)\n",[15,42315,42316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42317,42318,42320,42322,42324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42319,31697],{"class":136},[53,42321,121],{"class":67},[53,42323,41969],{"class":136},[53,42325,130],{"class":67},[39,42327,42329],{"id":42328},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42331,42332,42334],{},[15,42333,34573],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[173,42336,42337,42340,42343,42346],{},[176,42338,42339],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[176,42341,42342],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[176,42344,42345],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[176,42347,42348],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42350,42351,42352,42354],{},"So, ",[15,42353,34573],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42356,5024],{},[44,42358,42360],{"className":46,"code":42359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42361,42362,42375,42399,42403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42363,42364,42366,42368,42370,42373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42365,34233],{"class":59},[53,42367,64],{"class":63},[53,42369,84],{"class":71},[53,42371,42372],{"class":75},"a,b,c",[53,42374,1032],{"class":71},[53,42376,42377,42380,42382,42385,42387,42389,42391,42393,42395,42397],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42378,42379],{"class":59},"parts ",[53,42381,64],{"class":63},[53,42383,42384],{"class":59}," text",[53,42386,37],{"class":67},[53,42388,34014],{"class":117},[53,42390,121],{"class":67},[53,42392,72],{"class":71},[53,42394,81],{"class":75},[53,42396,72],{"class":71},[53,42398,130],{"class":67},[53,42400,42401],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,42402,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,42404,42405,42407,42409,42412],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,42406,137],{"class":136},[53,42408,121],{"class":67},[53,42410,42411],{"class":117},"parts",[53,42413,130],{"class":67},[20,42415,5111],{},[44,42417,42419],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42420,42421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42422,42423,42425,42427,42429,42431,42433,42435,42437,42439,42441,42443,42445,42447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42424,1226],{"class":67},[53,42426,2862],{"class":71},[53,42428,195],{"class":75},[53,42430,2862],{"class":71},[53,42432,81],{"class":67},[53,42434,2857],{"class":71},[53,42436,704],{"class":75},[53,42438,2862],{"class":71},[53,42440,81],{"class":67},[53,42442,2857],{"class":71},[53,42444,713],{"class":75},[53,42446,2862],{"class":71},[53,42448,101],{"class":67},[20,42450,42451],{},"A good workflow is:",[28257,42453,42454,42459,42462,42465],{},[176,42455,152,42456,42458],{},[15,42457,34573],{}," to inspect something",[176,42460,42461],{},"Write a tiny example",[176,42463,42464],{},"Check the result",[176,42466,42467],{},"Repeat",[39,42469,42471],{"id":42470},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42473,42474,667,42476,42478],{},[15,42475,34573],{},[15,42477,33856],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1418,42480,42481],{"id":31697},[15,42482,34573],{},[20,42484,152,42485,42487],{},[15,42486,34573],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42489,42490],{},"It tells you:",[173,42492,42493,42496,42499],{},[176,42494,42495],{},"What something is",[176,42497,42498],{},"How to use it",[176,42500,42501],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1418,42503,42504],{"id":33917},[15,42505,33856],{},[20,42507,152,42508,42510],{},[15,42509,33856],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[44,42512,42514],{"className":46,"code":42513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dir(str)\n",[15,42515,42516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42517,42518,42520,42522,42524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42519,33917],{"class":136},[53,42521,121],{"class":67},[53,42523,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42525,130],{"class":67},[20,42527,42528,42529,891,42531,894,42533,37],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42530,34014],{},[15,42532,8183],{},[15,42534,8189],{},[20,42536,42537,42538,171],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42539,34573],{},[44,42541,42543],{"className":46,"code":42542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42544,42545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42546,42547,42549,42551,42553,42555,42557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42548,31697],{"class":136},[53,42550,121],{"class":67},[53,42552,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42554,37],{"class":67},[53,42556,8189],{"class":1223},[53,42558,130],{"class":67},[20,42560,42561],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[173,42563,42564,42569],{},[176,42565,152,42566,42568],{},[15,42567,33856],{}," to discover options",[176,42570,152,42571,42573],{},[15,42572,34573],{}," to understand one option",[39,42575,2389],{"id":2388},[20,42577,42578,42579,37],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42580,34573],{},[1418,42582,664,42584,42587,42588],{"id":42583},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42585,42586],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42589,42590],{},"help(len)",[20,42592,42593],{},"These are not always the same.",[44,42595,42597],{"className":46,"code":42596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42598,42599,42609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42600,42601,42603,42605,42607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42602,31697],{"class":136},[53,42604,121],{"class":67},[53,42606,10711],{"class":136},[53,42608,130],{"class":67},[53,42610,42611,42613,42615,42617,42619,42621],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42612,31697],{"class":136},[53,42614,121],{"class":67},[53,42616,2862],{"class":71},[53,42618,10711],{"class":75},[53,42620,2862],{"class":71},[53,42622,130],{"class":67},[20,42624,42625,42627],{},[15,42626,42590],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42629,42630,42632,42633,42636],{},[15,42631,42586],{}," treats ",[15,42634,42635],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1418,42638,42640],{"id":42639},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42642,42643,42645],{},[15,42644,34573],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42647,42648],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1418,42650,42652],{"id":42651},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42654,39885,42655,42657],{},[15,42656,34573],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42659,316],{},[44,42661,42663],{"className":46,"code":42662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42664,42665,42675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42666,42667,42669,42671,42673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42668,31697],{"class":136},[53,42670,121],{"class":67},[53,42672,10711],{"class":136},[53,42674,130],{"class":67},[53,42676,42677,42679,42681,42683,42686,42688],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42678,137],{"class":136},[53,42680,121],{"class":67},[53,42682,72],{"class":71},[53,42684,42685],{"class":75},"Done",[53,42687,72],{"class":71},[53,42689,130],{"class":67},[20,42691,42692],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1418,42694,36747,42696,8254,42698],{"id":42695},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42697,34573],{},[15,42699,33856],{},[20,42701,42702,42703,37],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42704,33856],{},[20,42706,42707,42708,37],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42709,34573],{},[39,42711,42713],{"id":42712},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42715,42716],{},"Open Python:",[44,42718,42719],{"className":46,"code":35089,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,42720,42721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42722,42723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42724,35089],{"class":59},[20,42726,42727],{},"Then test these commands:",[44,42729,42731],{"className":46,"code":42730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42732,42733,42743,42757,42771,42781,42796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42734,42735,42737,42739,42741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42736,31697],{"class":136},[53,42738,121],{"class":67},[53,42740,10711],{"class":136},[53,42742,130],{"class":67},[53,42744,42745,42747,42749,42751,42753,42755],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42746,31697],{"class":136},[53,42748,121],{"class":67},[53,42750,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42752,37],{"class":67},[53,42754,34014],{"class":1223},[53,42756,130],{"class":67},[53,42758,42759,42761,42763,42765,42767,42769],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,42760,31697],{"class":136},[53,42762,121],{"class":67},[53,42764,7643],{"class":1320},[53,42766,37],{"class":67},[53,42768,13103],{"class":1223},[53,42770,130],{"class":67},[53,42772,42773,42775,42777,42779],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,42774,31697],{"class":136},[53,42776,121],{"class":67},[53,42778,41969],{"class":136},[53,42780,130],{"class":67},[53,42782,42783,42785,42787,42789,42792,42794],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,42784,31697],{"class":136},[53,42786,121],{"class":67},[53,42788,2862],{"class":71},[53,42790,42791],{"class":75},"keywords",[53,42793,2862],{"class":71},[53,42795,130],{"class":67},[53,42797,42798,42800,42802,42804],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,42799,33917],{"class":136},[53,42801,121],{"class":67},[53,42803,3005],{"class":1320},[53,42805,130],{"class":67},[20,42807,42808],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[173,42810,42811,42814,42817,42820,42823,42826],{},[176,42812,42813],{},"A built-in function",[176,42815,42816],{},"A string method",[176,42818,42819],{},"A list method",[176,42821,42822],{},"A built-in file function",[176,42824,42825],{},"A special help topic",[176,42827,14740,42828,42830],{},[15,42829,33856],{}," example for comparison",[39,42832,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,42834,42836],{"id":42835},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42838,42839],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1418,42841,42843],{"id":42842},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42845,42846,42847,42849],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42848,34573],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[44,42851,42853],{"className":46,"code":42852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42854,42855,42867,42880,42899,42903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863,42865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42858,34397],{"class":1627},[53,42860,34401],{"class":34400},[53,42862,121],{"class":67},[53,42864,7220],{"class":37206},[53,42866,7891],{"class":67},[53,42868,42869,42873,42877],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42870,42872],{"class":42871},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[53,42874,42876],{"class":42875},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[53,42878,42879],{"class":42871},"\"\"\"\n",[53,42881,42882,42884,42887,42890,42892,42894,42896],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,42883,34408],{"class":1041},[53,42885,42886],{"class":1627}," f",[53,42888,42889],{"class":75},"\"Hello, ",[53,42891,8829],{"class":333},[53,42893,7220],{"class":59},[53,42895,21848],{"class":333},[53,42897,42898],{"class":75},"!\"\n",[53,42900,42901],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,42902,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,42904,42905,42907,42909,42911],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,42906,31697],{"class":136},[53,42908,121],{"class":67},[53,42910,34443],{"class":117},[53,42912,130],{"class":67},[1418,42914,42916],{"id":42915},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42918,42919,42921,42922,42924],{},[15,42920,42590],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42923,42586],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1418,42926,42928],{"id":42927},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42930,42931],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[39,42933,1471],{"id":1470},[173,42935,42936,42941,42945,42950,42955],{},[176,42937,42938],{},[195,42939,42940],{"href":42148},"Python dir() function explained",[176,42942,42943],{},[195,42944,7990],{"href":1859},[176,42946,42947],{},[195,42948,42949],{"href":41900},"Python len() function explained",[176,42951,42952],{},[195,42953,42954],{"href":42195},"How import works in Python",[176,42956,42957],{},[195,42958,34703],{"href":42200},[20,42960,42961,42962,42964,42965,891,42967,894,42969,42971,42972,2438,42975,42978],{},"Try ",[15,42963,34573],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42966,10711],{},[15,42968,137],{},[15,42970,42005],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42973,42974],{},"dir(str)",[15,42976,42977],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1494,42980,42981],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":42983},[42984,42985,42986,42987,42993,42994,42995,42996,43000,43008,43009,43015],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":41865,"depth":104,"text":41866},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":41990,"depth":104,"text":41991,"children":42988},[42989,42990,42991,42992],{"id":41994,"depth":133,"text":41995},{"id":42047,"depth":133,"text":42048},{"id":34051,"depth":133,"text":41885},{"id":34204,"depth":133,"text":41888},{"id":34463,"depth":104,"text":34464},{"id":42267,"depth":104,"text":42268},{"id":42328,"depth":104,"text":42329},{"id":42470,"depth":104,"text":42471,"children":42997},[42998,42999],{"id":31697,"depth":133,"text":34573},{"id":33917,"depth":133,"text":33856},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":43001},[43002,43004,43005,43006],{"id":42583,"depth":133,"text":43003},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42639,"depth":133,"text":42640},{"id":42651,"depth":133,"text":42652},{"id":42695,"depth":133,"text":43007},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42712,"depth":104,"text":42713},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":43010},[43011,43012,43013,43014],{"id":42835,"depth":133,"text":42836},{"id":42842,"depth":133,"text":42843},{"id":42915,"depth":133,"text":42916},{"id":42927,"depth":133,"text":42928},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41794,"description":43016},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43022,"title":43023,"body":43024,"description":44386,"extension":1524,"meta":44387,"navigation":372,"path":44388,"seo":44389,"stem":44390,"__hash__":44391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43025,"toc":44359},[43026,43032,43037,43043,43053,43112,43122,43133,43138,43144,43146,43164,43172,43174,43176,43191,43194,43205,43207,43298,43301,43305,43310,43331,43333,43444,43446,43473,43484,43488,43491,43574,43576,43584,43590,43596,43600,43603,43713,43715,43728,43731,43745,43753,43760,43765,43779,43785,43898,43900,43961,43964,43970,43976,43979,44001,44004,44074,44077,44109,44116,44118,44121,44139,44142,44154,44160,44162,44167,44193,44196,44268,44270,44276,44279,44285,44288,44294,44304,44310,44313,44320,44323,44325,44356],[10,43027,3138,43029,3142],{"id":43028},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43030,43031],{},"id()",[20,43033,31862,43034,43036],{},[15,43035,43031],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43038,43039,43040,43042],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43041,43031],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43044,152,43045,43047,43048,43050,43051,37],{},[15,43046,43031],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,43049,1112],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43052,4245],{},[44,43054,43056],{"className":46,"code":43055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43057,43058,43070,43084,43088,43098],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43059,43060,43062,43064,43066,43068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43061,7426],{"class":59},[53,43063,64],{"class":63},[53,43065,84],{"class":71},[53,43067,6848],{"class":75},[53,43069,1032],{"class":71},[53,43071,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43073,137],{"class":136},[53,43075,121],{"class":67},[53,43077,12201],{"class":136},[53,43079,121],{"class":67},[53,43081,7220],{"class":117},[53,43083,628],{"class":67},[53,43085,43086],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43087,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43089,43090,43093,43095],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43091,43092],{"class":59},"other ",[53,43094,64],{"class":63},[53,43096,43097],{"class":59}," name\n",[53,43099,43100,43102,43104,43106,43108,43110],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43101,137],{"class":136},[53,43103,121],{"class":67},[53,43105,12201],{"class":136},[53,43107,121],{"class":67},[53,43109,30287],{"class":117},[53,43111,628],{"class":67},[20,43113,43114,43115,43118,43119,43121],{},"In this example, ",[15,43116,43117],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43120,43031],{}," values match.",[43123,43124,43125],"blockquote",{},[20,43126,152,43127,43129,43130,43132],{},[15,43128,43031],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43131,4245],{}," for value comparison.",[39,43134,163,43136,166],{"id":43135},"what-id-does",[15,43137,43031],{},[20,43139,43140,43143],{},[15,43141,43142],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43145,12604],{},[173,43147,43148,43151,43158,43161],{},[176,43149,43150],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[176,43152,43153,43154,43157],{},"It shows ",[30,43155,43156],{},"object identity",", not object value",[176,43159,43160],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[176,43162,43163],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43165,43166,43167,43171],{},"This is closely related to how ",[195,43168,43170],{"href":43169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[39,43173,202],{"id":201},[20,43175,4986],{},[44,43177,43179],{"className":46,"code":43178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"id(object)\n",[15,43180,43181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43182,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43184,12201],{"class":136},[53,43186,121],{"class":67},[53,43188,41941],{"class":1320},[53,43190,130],{"class":67},[20,43192,43193],{},"Important details:",[173,43195,43196,43199,43202],{},[176,43197,43198],{},"It takes one argument",[176,43200,43201],{},"It returns an integer",[176,43203,43204],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43206,316],{},[44,43208,43210],{"className":46,"code":43209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43211,43212,43224,43232,43252,43256,43270,43284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43213,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43215,34233],{"class":59},[53,43217,64],{"class":63},[53,43219,84],{"class":71},[53,43221,3406],{"class":75},[53,43223,1032],{"class":71},[53,43225,43226,43228,43230],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43227,1778],{"class":59},[53,43229,64],{"class":63},[53,43231,2327],{"class":333},[53,43233,43234,43236,43238,43240,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43235,60],{"class":59},[53,43237,64],{"class":63},[53,43239,68],{"class":67},[53,43241,517],{"class":333},[53,43243,81],{"class":67},[53,43245,790],{"class":333},[53,43247,81],{"class":67},[53,43249,1269],{"class":333},[53,43251,101],{"class":67},[53,43253,43254],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43255,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43257,43258,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43259,137],{"class":136},[53,43261,121],{"class":67},[53,43263,12201],{"class":136},[53,43265,121],{"class":67},[53,43267,34254],{"class":117},[53,43269,628],{"class":67},[53,43271,43272,43274,43276,43278,43280,43282],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,43273,137],{"class":136},[53,43275,121],{"class":67},[53,43277,12201],{"class":136},[53,43279,121],{"class":67},[53,43281,1800],{"class":117},[53,43283,628],{"class":67},[53,43285,43286,43288,43290,43292,43294,43296],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,43287,137],{"class":136},[53,43289,121],{"class":67},[53,43291,12201],{"class":136},[53,43293,121],{"class":67},[53,43295,956],{"class":117},[53,43297,628],{"class":67},[20,43299,43300],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[39,43302,43304],{"id":43303},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43306,43307,43308,37],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43309,43031],{},[173,43311,43312,43319,43326],{},[176,43313,43314,43316,43317],{},[15,43315,4245],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43318,224],{},[176,43320,43321,43323,43324],{},[15,43322,11745],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43325,41941],{},[176,43327,43328,43330],{},[15,43329,43031],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43332,316],{},[44,43334,43336],{"className":46,"code":43335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43337,43338,43358,43378,43382,43399,43416,43430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43339,43340,43342,43344,43346,43348,43350,43352,43354,43356],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43341,2112],{"class":59},[53,43343,64],{"class":63},[53,43345,68],{"class":67},[53,43347,517],{"class":333},[53,43349,81],{"class":67},[53,43351,790],{"class":333},[53,43353,81],{"class":67},[53,43355,1269],{"class":333},[53,43357,101],{"class":67},[53,43359,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43361,2140],{"class":59},[53,43363,64],{"class":63},[53,43365,68],{"class":67},[53,43367,517],{"class":333},[53,43369,81],{"class":67},[53,43371,790],{"class":333},[53,43373,81],{"class":67},[53,43375,1269],{"class":333},[53,43377,101],{"class":67},[53,43379,43380],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43381,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43383,43384,43386,43388,43390,43392,43394,43396],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43385,137],{"class":136},[53,43387,121],{"class":67},[53,43389,2112],{"class":117},[53,43391,4245],{"class":63},[53,43393,2117],{"class":117},[53,43395,145],{"class":67},[53,43397,43398],{"class":148},"   # True\n",[53,43400,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409,43411,43413],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43402,137],{"class":136},[53,43404,121],{"class":67},[53,43406,2112],{"class":117},[53,43408,11745],{"class":1041},[53,43410,2117],{"class":117},[53,43412,145],{"class":67},[53,43414,43415],{"class":148},"   # False\n",[53,43417,43418,43420,43422,43424,43426,43428],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,43419,137],{"class":136},[53,43421,121],{"class":67},[53,43423,12201],{"class":136},[53,43425,121],{"class":67},[53,43427,195],{"class":117},[53,43429,628],{"class":67},[53,43431,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,43433,137],{"class":136},[53,43435,121],{"class":67},[53,43437,12201],{"class":136},[53,43439,121],{"class":67},[53,43441,704],{"class":117},[53,43443,628],{"class":67},[20,43445,1740],{},[173,43447,43448,43456,43464],{},[176,43449,43450,285,43453,43455],{},[15,43451,43452],{},"a == b",[15,43454,3167],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[176,43457,43458,285,43461,43463],{},[15,43459,43460],{},"a is b",[15,43462,3234],{}," because they are different list objects",[176,43465,43466,667,43469,43472],{},[15,43467,43468],{},"id(a)",[15,43470,43471],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43474,43475,43476,667,43480,37],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[195,43477,43479],{"href":43478},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[195,43481,43483],{"href":43482},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[39,43485,43487],{"id":43486},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43489,43490],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[44,43492,43494],{"className":46,"code":43493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43495,43496,43516,43526,43530,43544,43559],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43497,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43499,326],{"class":59},[53,43501,64],{"class":63},[53,43503,68],{"class":67},[53,43505,334],{"class":333},[53,43507,81],{"class":67},[53,43509,339],{"class":333},[53,43511,81],{"class":67},[53,43513,344],{"class":333},[53,43515,101],{"class":67},[53,43517,43518,43521,43523],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43519,43520],{"class":59},"other_numbers ",[53,43522,64],{"class":63},[53,43524,43525],{"class":59}," numbers\n",[53,43527,43528],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43529,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43531,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540,43542],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43533,137],{"class":136},[53,43535,121],{"class":67},[53,43537,12201],{"class":136},[53,43539,121],{"class":67},[53,43541,3209],{"class":117},[53,43543,628],{"class":67},[53,43545,43546,43548,43550,43552,43554,43557],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43547,137],{"class":136},[53,43549,121],{"class":67},[53,43551,12201],{"class":136},[53,43553,121],{"class":67},[53,43555,43556],{"class":117},"other_numbers",[53,43558,628],{"class":67},[53,43560,43561,43563,43565,43567,43569,43572],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,43562,137],{"class":136},[53,43564,121],{"class":67},[53,43566,326],{"class":117},[53,43568,11745],{"class":1041},[53,43570,43571],{"class":117}," other_numbers",[53,43573,130],{"class":67},[20,43575,5111],{},[44,43577,43578],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,43579,43580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43581,43582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43583,3540],{"class":3413},[20,43585,43586,43587,43589],{},"The two ",[15,43588,43031],{}," values will also match.",[20,43591,21734,43592,43595],{},[15,43593,43594],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[39,43597,43599],{"id":43598},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43601,43602],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[44,43604,43606],{"className":46,"code":43605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43607,43608,43629,43650,43654,43669,43683,43698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43609,43610,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43611,43612],{"class":59},"list_a ",[53,43614,64],{"class":63},[53,43616,68],{"class":67},[53,43618,517],{"class":333},[53,43620,81],{"class":67},[53,43622,790],{"class":333},[53,43624,81],{"class":67},[53,43626,1269],{"class":333},[53,43628,101],{"class":67},[53,43630,43631,43634,43636,43638,43640,43642,43644,43646,43648],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43632,43633],{"class":59},"list_b ",[53,43635,64],{"class":63},[53,43637,68],{"class":67},[53,43639,517],{"class":333},[53,43641,81],{"class":67},[53,43643,790],{"class":333},[53,43645,81],{"class":67},[53,43647,1269],{"class":333},[53,43649,101],{"class":67},[53,43651,43652],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43653,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43655,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664,43667],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43657,137],{"class":136},[53,43659,121],{"class":67},[53,43661,43612],{"class":117},[53,43663,4245],{"class":63},[53,43665,43666],{"class":117}," list_b",[53,43668,130],{"class":67},[53,43670,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43672,137],{"class":136},[53,43674,121],{"class":67},[53,43676,43612],{"class":117},[53,43678,11745],{"class":1041},[53,43680,43666],{"class":117},[53,43682,130],{"class":67},[53,43684,43685,43687,43689,43691,43693,43696],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,43686,137],{"class":136},[53,43688,121],{"class":67},[53,43690,12201],{"class":136},[53,43692,121],{"class":67},[53,43694,43695],{"class":117},"list_a",[53,43697,628],{"class":67},[53,43699,43700,43702,43704,43706,43708,43711],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,43701,137],{"class":136},[53,43703,121],{"class":67},[53,43705,12201],{"class":136},[53,43707,121],{"class":67},[53,43709,43710],{"class":117},"list_b",[53,43712,628],{"class":67},[20,43714,5111],{},[44,43716,43718],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43719,43720,43724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43721,43722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43723,3540],{"class":3413},[53,43725,43726],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43727,3601],{"class":3413},[20,43729,43730],{},"What this means:",[173,43732,43733,43736,43739],{},[176,43734,43735],{},"The lists are equal in value",[176,43737,43738],{},"They are not the same object",[176,43740,43741,43742,43744],{},"Their ",[15,43743,43031],{}," values are usually different",[20,43746,43747,43748,43750,43751,37],{},"This is why ",[15,43749,43031],{}," should not replace ",[15,43752,4245],{},[39,43754,43756,43757,43759],{"id":43755},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43758,43031],{}," is useful",[20,43761,43762,43764],{},[15,43763,43031],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[173,43766,43767,43770,43773,43776],{},[176,43768,43769],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[176,43771,43772],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[176,43774,43775],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[176,43777,43778],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43780,43781,43782,43784],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43783,43031],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[44,43786,43788],{"className":46,"code":43787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43789,43790,43814,43823,43827,43846,43850,43860,43870,43884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43793,11637],{"class":59},[53,43795,64],{"class":63},[53,43797,68],{"class":67},[53,43799,72],{"class":71},[53,43801,195],{"class":75},[53,43803,72],{"class":71},[53,43805,81],{"class":67},[53,43807,84],{"class":71},[53,43809,704],{"class":75},[53,43811,72],{"class":71},[53,43813,101],{"class":67},[53,43815,43816,43819,43821],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43817,43818],{"class":59},"copy_ref ",[53,43820,64],{"class":63},[53,43822,11675],{"class":59},[53,43824,43825],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,43826,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43828,43829,43832,43834,43836,43838,43840,43842,43844],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,43830,43831],{"class":59},"copy_ref",[53,43833,37],{"class":67},[53,43835,13103],{"class":117},[53,43837,121],{"class":67},[53,43839,72],{"class":71},[53,43841,713],{"class":75},[53,43843,72],{"class":71},[53,43845,130],{"class":67},[53,43847,43848],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,43849,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,43851,43852,43854,43856,43858],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,43853,137],{"class":136},[53,43855,121],{"class":67},[53,43857,11684],{"class":117},[53,43859,130],{"class":67},[53,43861,43862,43864,43866,43868],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,43863,137],{"class":136},[53,43865,121],{"class":67},[53,43867,43831],{"class":117},[53,43869,130],{"class":67},[53,43871,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,43873,137],{"class":136},[53,43875,121],{"class":67},[53,43877,12201],{"class":136},[53,43879,121],{"class":67},[53,43881,11684],{"class":117},[53,43883,628],{"class":67},[53,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,43887,137],{"class":136},[53,43889,121],{"class":67},[53,43891,12201],{"class":136},[53,43893,121],{"class":67},[53,43895,43831],{"class":117},[53,43897,628],{"class":67},[20,43899,5111],{},[44,43901,43903],{"className":46,"code":43902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43904,43905,43933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43906,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43908,1226],{"class":67},[53,43910,2862],{"class":71},[53,43912,195],{"class":75},[53,43914,2862],{"class":71},[53,43916,81],{"class":67},[53,43918,2857],{"class":71},[53,43920,704],{"class":75},[53,43922,2862],{"class":71},[53,43924,81],{"class":67},[53,43926,2857],{"class":71},[53,43928,713],{"class":75},[53,43930,2862],{"class":71},[53,43932,101],{"class":67},[53,43934,43935,43937,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43936,1226],{"class":67},[53,43938,2862],{"class":71},[53,43940,195],{"class":75},[53,43942,2862],{"class":71},[53,43944,81],{"class":67},[53,43946,2857],{"class":71},[53,43948,704],{"class":75},[53,43950,2862],{"class":71},[53,43952,81],{"class":67},[53,43954,2857],{"class":71},[53,43956,713],{"class":75},[53,43958,2862],{"class":71},[53,43960,101],{"class":67},[20,43962,43963],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[39,43965,43967,43968],{"id":43966},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43969,43031],{},[20,43971,43972,43973,43975],{},"Do not use ",[15,43974,43031],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43977,43978],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[173,43980,43981,43987,43993,43996],{},[176,43982,43983,43984,43986],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43985,4245],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[176,43988,43989,43990,43992],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43991,43031],{}," values across program runs",[176,43994,43995],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[176,43997,43998,43999],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44000,43031],{},[20,44002,44003],{},"Bad example:",[44,44005,44007],{"className":46,"code":44006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44008,44009,44021,44033,44037,44059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44010,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44012,2112],{"class":59},[53,44014,64],{"class":63},[53,44016,84],{"class":71},[53,44018,36590],{"class":75},[53,44020,1032],{"class":71},[53,44022,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44024,2140],{"class":59},[53,44026,64],{"class":63},[53,44028,84],{"class":71},[53,44030,36590],{"class":75},[53,44032,1032],{"class":71},[53,44034,44035],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44036,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,44040,1042],{"class":1041},[53,44042,14367],{"class":136},[53,44044,121],{"class":67},[53,44046,195],{"class":117},[53,44048,145],{"class":67},[53,44050,5960],{"class":63},[53,44052,14367],{"class":136},[53,44054,121],{"class":67},[53,44056,704],{"class":117},[53,44058,7891],{"class":67},[53,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067,44070,44072],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,44062,1058],{"class":136},[53,44064,121],{"class":67},[53,44066,72],{"class":71},[53,44068,44069],{"class":75},"The values are equal",[53,44071,72],{"class":71},[53,44073,130],{"class":67},[20,44075,44076],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[44,44078,44080],{"className":46,"code":44079,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44081,44082,44095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44083,44084,44086,44089,44091,44093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44085,1042],{"class":1041},[53,44087,44088],{"class":59}," a ",[53,44090,4245],{"class":63},[53,44092,2117],{"class":59},[53,44094,1053],{"class":67},[53,44096,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44098,1058],{"class":136},[53,44100,121],{"class":67},[53,44102,72],{"class":71},[53,44104,44069],{"class":75},[53,44106,72],{"class":71},[53,44108,130],{"class":67},[20,44110,152,44111,2438,44113,44115],{},[15,44112,11745],{},[15,44114,43031],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[39,44117,20348],{"id":20347},[20,44119,44120],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[173,44122,44123,44126,44129,44134],{},[176,44124,44125],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[176,44127,44128],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[176,44130,44131,44132],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44133,43031],{},[176,44135,44136,44137],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44138,43031],{},[20,44140,44141],{},"The important rule is:",[173,44143,44144,44149],{},[176,44145,152,44146,44148],{},[15,44147,4245],{}," to check value",[176,44150,152,44151,44153],{},[15,44152,11745],{}," to check identity",[20,44155,44156,44157,44159],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44158,43031],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[39,44161,2389],{"id":2388},[20,44163,44164,44165,171],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44166,43031],{},[173,44168,44169,44177,44180,44183,44188],{},[176,44170,664,44171,44173,44174,44176],{},[15,44172,43031],{}," when ",[15,44175,4245],{}," should be used",[176,44178,44179],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[176,44181,44182],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[176,44184,44185,44186],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44187,43031],{},[176,44189,664,44190,44192],{},[15,44191,43031],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44194,44195],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[44,44197,44199],{"className":46,"code":44198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44200,44201,44216,44230,44244,44258],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44202,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211,44214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44204,137],{"class":136},[53,44206,121],{"class":67},[53,44208,12201],{"class":136},[53,44210,121],{"class":67},[53,44212,44213],{"class":117},"my_object",[53,44215,628],{"class":67},[53,44217,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44219,137],{"class":136},[53,44221,121],{"class":67},[53,44223,2112],{"class":117},[53,44225,4245],{"class":63},[53,44227,2117],{"class":117},[53,44229,130],{"class":67},[53,44231,44232,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44233,137],{"class":136},[53,44235,121],{"class":67},[53,44237,2112],{"class":117},[53,44239,11745],{"class":1041},[53,44241,2117],{"class":117},[53,44243,130],{"class":67},[53,44245,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,44247,137],{"class":136},[53,44249,121],{"class":67},[53,44251,1321],{"class":1320},[53,44253,121],{"class":67},[53,44255,44213],{"class":117},[53,44257,628],{"class":67},[53,44259,44260,44262,44264,44266],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,44261,31697],{"class":136},[53,44263,121],{"class":67},[53,44265,12201],{"class":136},[53,44267,130],{"class":67},[39,44269,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,44271,44273,44274,12267],{"id":44272},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44275,43031],{},[20,44277,44278],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1418,44280,14454,44282,44284],{"id":44281},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44283,43031],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44286,44287],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1418,44289,20965,44291,44293],{"id":44290},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44292,43031],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44295,29815,44296,44298,44299,2438,44301,44303],{},[15,44297,4245],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44300,43031],{},[15,44302,11745],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1418,44305,44307,44308,1459],{"id":44306},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44309,43031],{},[20,44311,44312],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1418,44314,44316,44317,44319],{"id":44315},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44318,43031],{}," values?",[20,44321,44322],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[39,44324,1471],{"id":1470},[173,44326,44327,44332,44337,44342,44350],{},[176,44328,44329],{},[195,44330,44331],{"href":43169},"Python variables explained for beginners",[176,44333,44334],{},[195,44335,44336],{"href":43478},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[176,44338,44339],{},[195,44340,44341],{"href":43482},"Python data types overview",[176,44343,44344],{},[195,44345,3138,44347,3071],{"href":44346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44348,44349],{},"isinstance()",[176,44351,44352],{},[195,44353,44355],{"href":44354},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1494,44357,44358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":44360},[44361,44363,44364,44365,44366,44367,44369,44371,44372,44373,44385],{"id":43135,"depth":104,"text":44362},"What id() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":43303,"depth":104,"text":43304},{"id":43486,"depth":104,"text":43487},{"id":43598,"depth":104,"text":43599},{"id":43755,"depth":104,"text":44368},"When id() is useful",{"id":43966,"depth":104,"text":44370},"When not to use id()",{"id":20347,"depth":104,"text":20348},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":44374},[44375,44377,44379,44381,44383],{"id":44272,"depth":133,"text":44376},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44281,"depth":133,"text":44378},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44290,"depth":133,"text":44380},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44306,"depth":133,"text":44382},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44315,"depth":133,"text":44384},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43023,"description":44386},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44393,"title":41736,"body":44394,"description":46034,"extension":1524,"meta":46035,"navigation":372,"path":46036,"seo":46037,"stem":46038,"__hash__":46039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44395,"toc":46000},[44396,44401,44406,44409,44411,44454,44459,44462,44467,44472,44475,44491,44493,44537,44539,44566,44568,44583,44585,44587,44589,44605,44607,44619,44622,44656,44659,44684,44689,44691,44696,44700,44703,44705,44753,44755,44788,44794,44805,44807,44859,44861,44892,44894,44898,44902,44945,44951,44957,45009,45017,45022,45026,45117,45119,45152,45155,45157,45217,45219,45245,45255,45257,45261,45266,45271,45273,45310,45312,45331,45334,45338,45341,45397,45409,45418,45420,45447,45455,45462,45466,45469,45506,45509,45515,45552,45554,45558,45564,45582,45587,45635,45639,45728,45731,45738,45740,45742,45747,45765,45767,45810,45816,45833,45835,45897,45899,45901,45907,45915,45921,45927,45936,45946,45950,45958,45960,45962,45997],[10,44397,3138,44399,3142],{"id":44398},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44400,2518],{},[20,44402,1541,44403,44405],{},[15,44404,2518],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44407,44408],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[39,44410,1566],{"id":1565},[44,44412,44414],{"className":46,"code":44413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44415,44416,44435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44417,44418,44420,44422,44424,44426,44428,44431,44433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44419,7426],{"class":59},[53,44421,64],{"class":63},[53,44423,7792],{"class":136},[53,44425,121],{"class":67},[53,44427,72],{"class":71},[53,44429,44430],{"class":75},"Enter your name: ",[53,44432,72],{"class":71},[53,44434,130],{"class":67},[53,44436,44437,44439,44441,44443,44446,44448,44450,44452],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44438,137],{"class":136},[53,44440,121],{"class":67},[53,44442,72],{"class":71},[53,44444,44445],{"class":75},"Hello, ",[53,44447,72],{"class":71},[53,44449,2013],{"class":63},[53,44451,35538],{"class":117},[53,44453,130],{"class":67},[20,44455,152,44456,44458],{},[15,44457,2518],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44460,44461],"hr",{},[39,44463,163,44465,166],{"id":44464},"what-input-does",[15,44466,2518],{},[20,44468,44469,44471],{},[15,44470,2518],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44473,44474],{},"Here is what happens:",[173,44476,44477,44482,44485,44488],{},[176,44478,44479,44481],{},[15,44480,2518],{}," waits for the user to type",[176,44483,44484],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[176,44486,44487],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[176,44489,44490],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44492,316],{},[44,44494,44496],{"className":46,"code":44495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44497,44498,44518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44499,44500,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44514,44516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44501,44502],{"class":59},"color ",[53,44504,64],{"class":63},[53,44506,7792],{"class":136},[53,44508,121],{"class":67},[53,44510,72],{"class":71},[53,44512,44513],{"class":75},"What is your favorite color? ",[53,44515,72],{"class":71},[53,44517,130],{"class":67},[53,44519,44520,44522,44524,44526,44529,44531,44533,44535],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44521,137],{"class":136},[53,44523,121],{"class":67},[53,44525,72],{"class":71},[53,44527,44528],{"class":75},"Your favorite color is",[53,44530,72],{"class":71},[53,44532,81],{"class":67},[53,44534,35397],{"class":117},[53,44536,130],{"class":67},[20,44538,29574],{},[44,44540,44542],{"className":46,"code":44541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44543,44544,44557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44545,44546,44548,44550,44553,44555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44547,163],{"class":59},[53,44549,11745],{"class":63},[53,44551,44552],{"class":59}," your favorite color",[53,44554,1459],{"class":36910},[53,44556,35427],{"class":59},[53,44558,44559,44562,44564],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44560,44561],{"class":59},"Your favorite color ",[53,44563,11745],{"class":63},[53,44565,35427],{"class":59},[20,44567,19504],{},[173,44569,44570,44575,44580],{},[176,44571,44572,44573],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44574,44513],{},[176,44576,44577,44578],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44579,32436],{},[176,44581,44582],{},"That value is then printed",[44460,44584],{},[39,44586,202],{"id":201},[20,44588,6769],{},[44,44590,44592],{"className":46,"code":44591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44593,44594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44595,44596,44598,44600,44603],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44597,42005],{"class":136},[53,44599,121],{"class":67},[53,44601,44602],{"class":117},"prompt",[53,44604,130],{"class":67},[20,44606,11008],{},[173,44608,44609,44613,44616],{},[176,44610,1541,44611,19586],{},[15,44612,44602],{},[176,44614,44615],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[176,44617,44618],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44620,44621],{},"Example with a prompt:",[44,44623,44625],{"className":46,"code":44624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44626,44627,44646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44628,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44642,44644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44630,7511],{"class":59},[53,44632,64],{"class":63},[53,44634,7792],{"class":136},[53,44636,121],{"class":67},[53,44638,72],{"class":71},[53,44640,44641],{"class":75},"Enter your username: ",[53,44643,72],{"class":71},[53,44645,130],{"class":67},[53,44647,44648,44650,44652,44654],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44649,137],{"class":136},[53,44651,121],{"class":67},[53,44653,7535],{"class":117},[53,44655,130],{"class":67},[20,44657,44658],{},"Example without a prompt:",[44,44660,44662],{"className":46,"code":44661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44663,44664,44674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44665,44666,44668,44670,44672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44667,2006],{"class":59},[53,44669,64],{"class":63},[53,44671,7792],{"class":136},[53,44673,8192],{"class":67},[53,44675,44676,44678,44680,44682],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44677,137],{"class":136},[53,44679,121],{"class":67},[53,44681,224],{"class":117},[53,44683,130],{"class":67},[20,44685,7315,44686,44688],{},[15,44687,2518],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44460,44690],{},[39,44692,163,44694,11256],{"id":44693},"what-input-returns",[15,44695,2518],{},[20,44697,44698,7775],{},[15,44699,2518],{},[20,44701,44702],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44704,316],{},[44,44706,44708],{"className":46,"code":44707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44709,44710,44729,44739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44711,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44722,44725,44727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44713,21173],{"class":59},[53,44715,64],{"class":63},[53,44717,7792],{"class":136},[53,44719,121],{"class":67},[53,44721,72],{"class":71},[53,44723,44724],{"class":75},"Enter your age: ",[53,44726,72],{"class":71},[53,44728,130],{"class":67},[53,44730,44731,44733,44735,44737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44732,137],{"class":136},[53,44734,121],{"class":67},[53,44736,8850],{"class":117},[53,44738,130],{"class":67},[53,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44749,44751],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44742,137],{"class":136},[53,44744,121],{"class":67},[53,44746,1321],{"class":1320},[53,44748,121],{"class":67},[53,44750,8850],{"class":117},[53,44752,628],{"class":67},[20,44754,29574],{},[44,44756,44758],{"className":46,"code":44757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44759,44760,44770,44774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44761,44762,44765,44767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44763,44764],{"class":59},"Enter your age",[53,44766,171],{"class":67},[53,44768,44769],{"class":333}," 25\n",[53,44771,44772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44773,2267],{"class":333},[53,44775,44776,44778,44780,44782,44784,44786],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44777,2851],{"class":63},[53,44779,2854],{"class":1627},[53,44781,2857],{"class":71},[53,44783,3005],{"class":75},[53,44785,2862],{"class":71},[53,44787,2865],{"class":63},[20,44789,44790,44791,44793],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44792,8744],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44795,44796,44797,2438,44801,37],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[195,44798,44799],{"href":2434},[15,44800,2437],{},[195,44802,44803],{"href":2441},[15,44804,2444],{},[20,44806,316],{},[44,44808,44810],{"className":46,"code":44809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44811,44812,44835,44845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44813,44814,44816,44818,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829,44831,44833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44815,21173],{"class":59},[53,44817,64],{"class":63},[53,44819,44820],{"class":1320}," int",[53,44822,121],{"class":67},[53,44824,42005],{"class":136},[53,44826,121],{"class":67},[53,44828,72],{"class":71},[53,44830,44724],{"class":75},[53,44832,72],{"class":71},[53,44834,628],{"class":67},[53,44836,44837,44839,44841,44843],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44838,137],{"class":136},[53,44840,121],{"class":67},[53,44842,8850],{"class":117},[53,44844,130],{"class":67},[53,44846,44847,44849,44851,44853,44855,44857],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44848,137],{"class":136},[53,44850,121],{"class":67},[53,44852,1321],{"class":1320},[53,44854,121],{"class":67},[53,44856,8850],{"class":117},[53,44858,628],{"class":67},[20,44860,29574],{},[44,44862,44864],{"className":46,"code":44863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44865,44866,44874,44878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44867,44868,44870,44872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44869,44764],{"class":59},[53,44871,171],{"class":67},[53,44873,44769],{"class":333},[53,44875,44876],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44877,2267],{"class":333},[53,44879,44880,44882,44884,44886,44888,44890],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,44881,2851],{"class":63},[53,44883,2854],{"class":1627},[53,44885,2857],{"class":71},[53,44887,1750],{"class":75},[53,44889,2862],{"class":71},[53,44891,2865],{"class":63},[44460,44893],{},[39,44895,44897],{"id":44896},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1418,44899,44901],{"id":44900},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[44,44903,44905],{"className":46,"code":44904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44906,44907,44926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44908,44909,44911,44913,44915,44917,44919,44922,44924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44910,7426],{"class":59},[53,44912,64],{"class":63},[53,44914,7792],{"class":136},[53,44916,121],{"class":67},[53,44918,72],{"class":71},[53,44920,44921],{"class":75},"What is your name? ",[53,44923,72],{"class":71},[53,44925,130],{"class":67},[53,44927,44928,44930,44932,44934,44937,44939,44941,44943],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44929,137],{"class":136},[53,44931,121],{"class":67},[53,44933,72],{"class":71},[53,44935,44936],{"class":75},"Hello,",[53,44938,72],{"class":71},[53,44940,81],{"class":67},[53,44942,35538],{"class":117},[53,44944,130],{"class":67},[20,44946,44947,44948,44950],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44949,7220],{}," and prints it.",[1418,44952,44954,44955],{"id":44953},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44956,2437],{},[44,44958,44960],{"className":46,"code":44959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44961,44962,44985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44963,44964,44966,44968,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44981,44983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44965,21173],{"class":59},[53,44967,64],{"class":63},[53,44969,44820],{"class":1320},[53,44971,121],{"class":67},[53,44973,42005],{"class":136},[53,44975,121],{"class":67},[53,44977,72],{"class":71},[53,44979,44980],{"class":75},"How old are you? ",[53,44982,72],{"class":71},[53,44984,628],{"class":67},[53,44986,44987,44989,44991,44993,44996,44998,45000,45003,45005,45007],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44988,137],{"class":136},[53,44990,121],{"class":67},[53,44992,72],{"class":71},[53,44994,44995],{"class":75},"Next year you will be",[53,44997,72],{"class":71},[53,44999,81],{"class":67},[53,45001,45002],{"class":117}," age ",[53,45004,1622],{"class":63},[53,45006,821],{"class":333},[53,45008,130],{"class":67},[20,45010,5612,45011,45013,45014,45016],{},[15,45012,2437],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45015,2518],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45018,45019,45020,37],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[195,45021,8531],{"href":8530},[1418,45023,45025],{"id":45024},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[44,45027,45029],{"className":46,"code":45028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45030,45031,45055,45079,45093,45097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45032,45033,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044,45046,45048,45051,45053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45034,45035],{"class":59},"num1 ",[53,45037,64],{"class":63},[53,45039,44820],{"class":1320},[53,45041,121],{"class":67},[53,45043,42005],{"class":136},[53,45045,121],{"class":67},[53,45047,72],{"class":71},[53,45049,45050],{"class":75},"Enter the first number: ",[53,45052,72],{"class":71},[53,45054,628],{"class":67},[53,45056,45057,45060,45062,45064,45066,45068,45070,45072,45075,45077],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45058,45059],{"class":59},"num2 ",[53,45061,64],{"class":63},[53,45063,44820],{"class":1320},[53,45065,121],{"class":67},[53,45067,42005],{"class":136},[53,45069,121],{"class":67},[53,45071,72],{"class":71},[53,45073,45074],{"class":75},"Enter the second number: ",[53,45076,72],{"class":71},[53,45078,628],{"class":67},[53,45080,45081,45083,45085,45088,45090],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45082,40724],{"class":59},[53,45084,64],{"class":63},[53,45086,45087],{"class":59}," num1 ",[53,45089,1622],{"class":63},[53,45091,45092],{"class":59}," num2\n",[53,45094,45095],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,45096,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,45098,45099,45101,45103,45105,45108,45110,45112,45115],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,45100,137],{"class":136},[53,45102,121],{"class":67},[53,45104,72],{"class":71},[53,45106,45107],{"class":75},"Total:",[53,45109,72],{"class":71},[53,45111,81],{"class":67},[53,45113,45114],{"class":117}," total",[53,45116,130],{"class":67},[20,45118,29574],{},[44,45120,45122],{"className":46,"code":45121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45123,45124,45134,45143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45125,45126,45129,45131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45127,45128],{"class":59},"Enter the first number",[53,45130,171],{"class":67},[53,45132,45133],{"class":333}," 2\n",[53,45135,45136,45139,45141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45137,45138],{"class":59},"Enter the second number",[53,45140,171],{"class":67},[53,45142,2135],{"class":333},[53,45144,45145,45148,45150],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45146,45147],{"class":59},"Total",[53,45149,171],{"class":67},[53,45151,34388],{"class":333},[20,45153,45154],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45156,316],{},[44,45158,45160],{"className":46,"code":45159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45161,45162,45180,45198,45202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45163,45164,45166,45168,45170,45172,45174,45176,45178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45165,45035],{"class":59},[53,45167,64],{"class":63},[53,45169,7792],{"class":136},[53,45171,121],{"class":67},[53,45173,72],{"class":71},[53,45175,45050],{"class":75},[53,45177,72],{"class":71},[53,45179,130],{"class":67},[53,45181,45182,45184,45186,45188,45190,45192,45194,45196],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45183,45059],{"class":59},[53,45185,64],{"class":63},[53,45187,7792],{"class":136},[53,45189,121],{"class":67},[53,45191,72],{"class":71},[53,45193,45074],{"class":75},[53,45195,72],{"class":71},[53,45197,130],{"class":67},[53,45199,45200],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45201,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,45203,45204,45206,45208,45210,45212,45215],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,45205,137],{"class":136},[53,45207,121],{"class":67},[53,45209,45035],{"class":117},[53,45211,1622],{"class":63},[53,45213,45214],{"class":117}," num2",[53,45216,130],{"class":67},[20,45218,29574],{},[44,45220,45222],{"className":46,"code":45221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45223,45224,45232,45240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45225,45226,45228,45230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45227,45128],{"class":59},[53,45229,171],{"class":67},[53,45231,45133],{"class":333},[53,45233,45234,45236,45238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45235,45138],{"class":59},[53,45237,171],{"class":67},[53,45239,2135],{"class":333},[53,45241,45242],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45243,45244],{"class":333},"23\n",[20,45246,45247,45248,45251,45252,37],{},"That happens because ",[15,45249,45250],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45253,45254],{},"\"23\"",[44460,45256],{},[39,45258,45260],{"id":45259},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45262,45263,45264,37],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45265,2518],{},[1418,45267,4261,45269,41084],{"id":45268},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45270,2518],{},[20,45272,38741],{},[44,45274,45276],{"className":46,"code":45275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45277,45278,45296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45279,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290,45292,45294],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45281,2006],{"class":59},[53,45283,64],{"class":63},[53,45285,7792],{"class":136},[53,45287,121],{"class":67},[53,45289,72],{"class":71},[53,45291,41413],{"class":75},[53,45293,72],{"class":71},[53,45295,130],{"class":67},[53,45297,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45308],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45299,137],{"class":136},[53,45301,121],{"class":67},[53,45303,1321],{"class":1320},[53,45305,121],{"class":67},[53,45307,224],{"class":117},[53,45309,628],{"class":67},[20,45311,388],{},[44,45313,45315],{"className":46,"code":45314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45316,45317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45318,45319,45321,45323,45325,45327,45329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45320,2851],{"class":63},[53,45322,2854],{"class":1627},[53,45324,2857],{"class":71},[53,45326,3005],{"class":75},[53,45328,2862],{"class":71},[53,45330,2865],{"class":63},[20,45332,45333],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1418,45335,45337],{"id":45336},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45339,45340],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[44,45342,45344],{"className":46,"code":45343,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45345,45346,45364,45383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45347,45348,45350,45352,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45349,2112],{"class":59},[53,45351,64],{"class":63},[53,45353,7792],{"class":136},[53,45355,121],{"class":67},[53,45357,72],{"class":71},[53,45359,41413],{"class":75},[53,45361,72],{"class":71},[53,45363,130],{"class":67},[53,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376,45379,45381],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45367,2140],{"class":59},[53,45369,64],{"class":63},[53,45371,7792],{"class":136},[53,45373,121],{"class":67},[53,45375,72],{"class":71},[53,45377,45378],{"class":75},"Enter another number: ",[53,45380,72],{"class":71},[53,45382,130],{"class":67},[53,45384,45385,45387,45389,45391,45393,45395],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45386,137],{"class":136},[53,45388,121],{"class":67},[53,45390,2112],{"class":117},[53,45392,1622],{"class":63},[53,45394,2117],{"class":117},[53,45396,130],{"class":67},[20,45398,40662,45399,667,45401,45403,45404,18510,45407,37],{},[15,45400,2062],{},[15,45402,1698],{},", the result is ",[15,45405,45406],{},"45",[15,45408,1706],{},[1418,45410,45412,45413,45415,45416],{"id":45411},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45414,36],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45417,2437],{},[20,45419,316],{},[44,45421,45423],{"className":46,"code":45422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45424,45425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45426,45427,45429,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45428,21173],{"class":59},[53,45430,64],{"class":63},[53,45432,44820],{"class":1320},[53,45434,121],{"class":67},[53,45436,42005],{"class":136},[53,45438,121],{"class":67},[53,45440,72],{"class":71},[53,45442,44724],{"class":75},[53,45444,72],{"class":71},[53,45446,628],{"class":67},[20,45448,7821,45449,45452,45453,37],{},[15,45450,45451],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45454,36],{},[20,45456,45457,45458,37],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[195,45459,45461],{"href":45460},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1418,45463,45465],{"id":45464},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45467,45468],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[44,45470,45472],{"className":46,"code":45471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45473,45474,45492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45475,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486,45488,45490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45477,7426],{"class":59},[53,45479,64],{"class":63},[53,45481,7792],{"class":136},[53,45483,121],{"class":67},[53,45485,72],{"class":71},[53,45487,44430],{"class":75},[53,45489,72],{"class":71},[53,45491,130],{"class":67},[53,45493,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45495,137],{"class":136},[53,45497,121],{"class":67},[53,45499,41321],{"class":136},[53,45501,121],{"class":67},[53,45503,7220],{"class":117},[53,45505,628],{"class":67},[20,45507,45508],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45510,45511,45512,171],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45513,45514],{},".strip()",[44,45516,45518],{"className":46,"code":45517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45519,45520,45542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45521,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45523,7426],{"class":59},[53,45525,64],{"class":63},[53,45527,7792],{"class":136},[53,45529,121],{"class":67},[53,45531,72],{"class":71},[53,45533,44430],{"class":75},[53,45535,72],{"class":71},[53,45537,8180],{"class":67},[53,45539,8183],{"class":117},[53,45541,8192],{"class":67},[53,45543,45544,45546,45548,45550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45545,137],{"class":136},[53,45547,121],{"class":67},[53,45549,7220],{"class":117},[53,45551,130],{"class":67},[44460,45553],{},[39,45555,45557],{"id":45556},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45559,45560,45561,45563],{},"These habits make ",[15,45562,2518],{}," easier and safer to use.",[173,45565,45566,45569,45574,45577],{},[176,45567,45568],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[176,45570,152,45571,45573],{},[15,45572,45514],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[176,45575,45576],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[176,45578,152,45579,45581],{},[15,45580,29326],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45583,45584,45585,171],{},"Example with ",[15,45586,45514],{},[44,45588,45590],{"className":46,"code":45589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45591,45592,45616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45593,45594,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45608,45610,45612,45614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45595,45596],{"class":59},"city ",[53,45598,64],{"class":63},[53,45600,7792],{"class":136},[53,45602,121],{"class":67},[53,45604,72],{"class":71},[53,45606,45607],{"class":75},"Enter your city: ",[53,45609,72],{"class":71},[53,45611,8180],{"class":67},[53,45613,8183],{"class":117},[53,45615,8192],{"class":67},[53,45617,45618,45620,45622,45624,45627,45629,45631,45633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45619,137],{"class":136},[53,45621,121],{"class":67},[53,45623,72],{"class":71},[53,45625,45626],{"class":75},"City:",[53,45628,72],{"class":71},[53,45630,81],{"class":67},[53,45632,30929],{"class":117},[53,45634,130],{"class":67},[20,45636,45584,45637,171],{},[15,45638,29326],{},[44,45640,45642],{"className":46,"code":45641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45643,45644,45650,45673,45705,45713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45645,45646,45648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45647,29348],{"class":1041},[53,45649,1053],{"class":67},[53,45651,45652,45655,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45671],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45653,45654],{"class":59},"    age ",[53,45656,64],{"class":63},[53,45658,44820],{"class":1320},[53,45660,121],{"class":67},[53,45662,42005],{"class":136},[53,45664,121],{"class":67},[53,45666,72],{"class":71},[53,45668,44724],{"class":75},[53,45670,72],{"class":71},[53,45672,628],{"class":67},[53,45674,45675,45677,45679,45681,45684,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694,45696,45698,45701,45703],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45676,1058],{"class":136},[53,45678,121],{"class":67},[53,45680,72],{"class":71},[53,45682,45683],{"class":75},"You will be",[53,45685,72],{"class":71},[53,45687,81],{"class":67},[53,45689,45002],{"class":117},[53,45691,1622],{"class":63},[53,45693,821],{"class":333},[53,45695,81],{"class":67},[53,45697,84],{"class":71},[53,45699,45700],{"class":75},"next year",[53,45702,72],{"class":71},[53,45704,130],{"class":67},[53,45706,45707,45709,45711],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,45708,29379],{"class":1041},[53,45710,41468],{"class":1320},[53,45712,1053],{"class":67},[53,45714,45715,45717,45719,45721,45724,45726],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,45716,1058],{"class":136},[53,45718,121],{"class":67},[53,45720,72],{"class":71},[53,45722,45723],{"class":75},"Please enter a whole number.",[53,45725,72],{"class":71},[53,45727,130],{"class":67},[20,45729,45730],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45732,45733,45734,37],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[195,45735,45737],{"href":45736},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44460,45739],{},[39,45741,2389],{"id":2388},[20,45743,45744,45745,171],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45746,2518],{},[173,45748,45749,45756,45759,45762],{},[176,45750,45751,45752,2438,45754],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45753,2437],{},[15,45755,2444],{},[176,45757,45758],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[176,45760,45761],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[176,45763,45764],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45766,31627],{},[44,45768,45770],{"className":46,"code":45769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45771,45772,45782,45796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45773,45774,45776,45778,45780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45775,137],{"class":136},[53,45777,121],{"class":67},[53,45779,224],{"class":117},[53,45781,130],{"class":67},[53,45783,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45785,137],{"class":136},[53,45787,121],{"class":67},[53,45789,1321],{"class":1320},[53,45791,121],{"class":67},[53,45793,224],{"class":117},[53,45795,628],{"class":67},[53,45797,45798,45800,45802,45804,45806,45808],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45799,137],{"class":136},[53,45801,121],{"class":67},[53,45803,41321],{"class":136},[53,45805,121],{"class":67},[53,45807,224],{"class":117},[53,45809,628],{"class":67},[20,45811,45812,45813,45815],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45814,2518],{}," actually returned:",[173,45817,45818,45823,45828],{},[176,45819,45820,45822],{},[15,45821,41369],{}," shows the value",[176,45824,45825,45827],{},[15,45826,41375],{}," shows the data type",[176,45829,45830,45832],{},[15,45831,41380],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45834,316],{},[44,45836,45838],{"className":46,"code":45837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45839,45840,45859,45869,45883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45841,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852,45855,45857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45843,2006],{"class":59},[53,45845,64],{"class":63},[53,45847,7792],{"class":136},[53,45849,121],{"class":67},[53,45851,72],{"class":71},[53,45853,45854],{"class":75},"Enter something: ",[53,45856,72],{"class":71},[53,45858,130],{"class":67},[53,45860,45861,45863,45865,45867],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45862,137],{"class":136},[53,45864,121],{"class":67},[53,45866,224],{"class":117},[53,45868,130],{"class":67},[53,45870,45871,45873,45875,45877,45879,45881],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,45872,137],{"class":136},[53,45874,121],{"class":67},[53,45876,1321],{"class":1320},[53,45878,121],{"class":67},[53,45880,224],{"class":117},[53,45882,628],{"class":67},[53,45884,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,45886,137],{"class":136},[53,45888,121],{"class":67},[53,45890,41321],{"class":136},[53,45892,121],{"class":67},[53,45894,224],{"class":117},[53,45896,628],{"class":67},[44460,45898],{},[39,45900,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,45902,1431,45904,45906],{"id":45903},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45905,2518],{}," return an integer?",[20,45908,45909,45910,45912,45913,39471],{},"No. ",[15,45911,2518],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45914,2437],{},[1418,45916,45918,45919,1459],{"id":45917},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45920,2518],{},[20,45922,45923,45924,45926],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45925,2518],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1418,45928,4711,45930,45933,45934,1459],{"id":45929},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45931,45932],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45935,2518],{},[20,45937,28605,45938,45940,45941,41697,45943,45945],{},[15,45939,2518],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45942,45250],{},[15,45944,45254],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1418,45947,45949],{"id":45948},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45951,152,45952,45954,45955,37],{},[15,45953,45514],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45956,45957],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44460,45959],{},[39,45961,1471],{"id":1470},[173,45963,45964,45969,45973,45979,45985,45989],{},[176,45965,45966],{},[195,45967,45968],{"href":45736},"How to get user input in Python",[176,45970,45971],{},[195,45972,8608],{"href":8530},[176,45974,45975],{},[195,45976,3138,45977,3071],{"href":2434},[15,45978,2437],{},[176,45980,45981],{},[195,45982,3138,45983,3071],{"href":2441},[15,45984,2444],{},[176,45986,45987],{},[195,45988,45461],{"href":45460},[176,45990,45991],{},[195,45992,3138,45994,3071],{"href":45993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45995,45996],{},"print()",[1494,45998,45999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":46001},[46002,46003,46005,46006,46008,46014,46022,46023,46024,46033],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":44464,"depth":104,"text":46004},"What input() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":44693,"depth":104,"text":46007},"What input() returns",{"id":44896,"depth":104,"text":44897,"children":46009},[46010,46011,46013],{"id":44900,"depth":133,"text":44901},{"id":44953,"depth":133,"text":46012},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45024,"depth":133,"text":45025},{"id":45259,"depth":104,"text":45260,"children":46015},[46016,46018,46019,46021],{"id":45268,"depth":133,"text":46017},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45336,"depth":133,"text":45337},{"id":45411,"depth":133,"text":46020},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45464,"depth":133,"text":45465},{"id":45556,"depth":104,"text":45557},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":46025},[46026,46028,46030,46032],{"id":45903,"depth":133,"text":46027},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45917,"depth":133,"text":46029},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45929,"depth":133,"text":46031},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45948,"depth":133,"text":45949},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41736,"description":46034},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46041,"title":41638,"body":46042,"description":48352,"extension":1524,"meta":48353,"navigation":372,"path":48354,"seo":48355,"stem":48356,"__hash__":48357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46043,"toc":48304},[46044,46049,46054,46059,46080,46083,46085,46145,46147,46165,46170,46175,46180,46182,46195,46197,46280,46282,46323,46329,46331,46361,46367,46370,46387,46389,46441,46443,46460,46466,46472,46475,46493,46495,46568,46570,46589,46596,46602,46607,46610,46670,46672,46691,46694,46697,46712,46718,46722,46783,46785,46805,46809,46938,46940,47070,47080,47086,47092,47100,47166,47168,47193,47196,47213,47226,47232,47235,47268,47270,47283,47286,47329,47331,47339,47346,47350,47357,47361,47388,47390,47398,47404,47421,47426,47430,47457,47459,47467,47471,47476,47479,47505,47508,47517,47525,47529,47539,47543,47546,47548,47599,47601,47631,47641,47668,47670,47678,47688,47692,47695,47697,47745,47747,47791,47797,47848,47850,47869,47874,47879,47882,47901,47904,47956,47958,47967,47969,47973,47977,47980,47989,47996,47998,48025,48029,48031,48040,48043,48050,48056,48116,48120,48122,48130,48133,48159,48165,48168,48188,48190,48199,48207,48209,48215,48220,48227,48237,48243,48251,48255,48258,48260,48301],[10,46045,3138,46047,3142],{"id":46046},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46048,2437],{},[20,46050,31862,46051,46053],{},[15,46052,2437],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46055,34952,46056,46058],{},[15,46057,2437],{}," when they want to:",[173,46060,46061,46071,46074,46077],{},[176,46062,46063,46064,46067,46068],{},"turn text like ",[15,46065,46066],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46069,46070],{},"42",[176,46072,46073],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[176,46075,46076],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[176,46078,46079],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46081,46082],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[39,46084,1566],{"id":1565},[44,46086,46088],{"className":46,"code":46087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46089,46090,46108,46122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46091,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46093,137],{"class":136},[53,46095,121],{"class":67},[53,46097,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46099,121],{"class":67},[53,46101,72],{"class":71},[53,46103,46070],{"class":75},[53,46105,72],{"class":71},[53,46107,628],{"class":67},[53,46109,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46111,137],{"class":136},[53,46113,121],{"class":67},[53,46115,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46117,121],{"class":67},[53,46119,41526],{"class":333},[53,46121,628],{"class":67},[53,46123,46124,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134,46137,46139,46141,46143],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46125,137],{"class":136},[53,46127,121],{"class":67},[53,46129,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46131,121],{"class":67},[53,46133,72],{"class":71},[53,46135,46136],{"class":75},"101",[53,46138,72],{"class":71},[53,46140,81],{"class":67},[53,46142,790],{"class":333},[53,46144,628],{"class":67},[20,46146,388],{},[44,46148,46150],{"className":46,"code":46149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46151,46152,46157,46161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46153,46154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46155,46156],{"class":333},"42\n",[53,46158,46159],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46160,847],{"class":333},[53,46162,46163],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46164,2507],{"class":333},[20,46166,152,46167,46169],{},[15,46168,2437],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[39,46171,163,46173,166],{"id":46172},"what-int-does",[15,46174,2437],{},[20,46176,46177,46179],{},[15,46178,2437],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46181,12604],{},[173,46183,46184,46189,46192],{},[176,46185,46186,46187,6891],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46188,1750],{},[176,46190,46191],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[176,46193,46194],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46196,316],{},[44,46198,46200],{"className":46,"code":46199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46201,46202,46214,46228,46232,46242,46252,46266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46203,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46205,34233],{"class":59},[53,46207,64],{"class":63},[53,46209,84],{"class":71},[53,46211,8744],{"class":75},[53,46213,1032],{"class":71},[53,46215,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46217,1778],{"class":59},[53,46219,64],{"class":63},[53,46221,44820],{"class":1320},[53,46223,121],{"class":67},[53,46225,34254],{"class":117},[53,46227,130],{"class":67},[53,46229,46230],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46231,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,46233,46234,46236,46238,46240],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,46235,137],{"class":136},[53,46237,121],{"class":67},[53,46239,34254],{"class":117},[53,46241,130],{"class":67},[53,46243,46244,46246,46248,46250],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,46245,137],{"class":136},[53,46247,121],{"class":67},[53,46249,1800],{"class":117},[53,46251,130],{"class":67},[53,46253,46254,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,46255,137],{"class":136},[53,46257,121],{"class":67},[53,46259,1321],{"class":1320},[53,46261,121],{"class":67},[53,46263,34254],{"class":117},[53,46265,628],{"class":67},[53,46267,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,46269,137],{"class":136},[53,46271,121],{"class":67},[53,46273,1321],{"class":1320},[53,46275,121],{"class":67},[53,46277,1800],{"class":117},[53,46279,628],{"class":67},[20,46281,388],{},[44,46283,46285],{"className":46,"code":46284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46286,46287,46291,46295,46309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46288,46289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46290,2267],{"class":333},[53,46292,46293],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46294,2267],{"class":333},[53,46296,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46298,2851],{"class":63},[53,46300,2854],{"class":1627},[53,46302,2857],{"class":71},[53,46304,3005],{"class":75},[53,46306,2862],{"class":71},[53,46308,2865],{"class":63},[53,46310,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,46312,2851],{"class":63},[53,46314,2854],{"class":1627},[53,46316,2857],{"class":71},[53,46318,1750],{"class":75},[53,46320,2862],{"class":71},[53,46322,2865],{"class":63},[20,46324,46325,46326,46328],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46327,2437],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[39,46330,202],{"id":201},[44,46332,46334],{"className":46,"code":46333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46335,46336,46346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46337,46338,46340,46342,46344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46339,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46341,121],{"class":67},[53,46343,1735],{"class":117},[53,46345,130],{"class":67},[53,46347,46348,46350,46352,46354,46356,46359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46349,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46351,121],{"class":67},[53,46353,1735],{"class":117},[53,46355,81],{"class":67},[53,46357,46358],{"class":117}," base",[53,46360,130],{"class":67},[1418,46362,46364],{"id":46363},"intx",[15,46365,46366],{},"int(x)",[20,46368,46369],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[173,46371,46372,46377,46382],{},[176,46373,46374,46375],{},"a string such as ",[15,46376,41668],{},[176,46378,46379,46380],{},"a float such as ",[15,46381,41526],{},[176,46383,46384,46385],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46386,3167],{},[20,46388,316],{},[44,46390,46392],{"className":46,"code":46391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46393,46394,46412,46427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46395,46396,46398,46400,46402,46404,46406,46408,46410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46397,137],{"class":136},[53,46399,121],{"class":67},[53,46401,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46403,121],{"class":67},[53,46405,72],{"class":71},[53,46407,334],{"class":75},[53,46409,72],{"class":71},[53,46411,628],{"class":67},[53,46413,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422,46425],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46415,137],{"class":136},[53,46417,121],{"class":67},[53,46419,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46421,121],{"class":67},[53,46423,46424],{"class":333},"8.7",[53,46426,628],{"class":67},[53,46428,46429,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46430,137],{"class":136},[53,46432,121],{"class":67},[53,46434,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46436,121],{"class":67},[53,46438,3167],{"class":3413},[53,46440,628],{"class":67},[20,46442,388],{},[44,46444,46446],{"className":46,"code":46445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46447,46448,46452,46456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46449,46450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46451,1936],{"class":333},[53,46453,46454],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46455,1941],{"class":333},[53,46457,46458],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46459,391],{"class":333},[1418,46461,46463],{"id":46462},"intx-base",[15,46464,46465],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46467,46468,46469,46471],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46470,1735],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46473,46474],{},"Common bases:",[173,46476,46477,46482,46487],{},[176,46478,46479,46481],{},[15,46480,525],{}," for binary",[176,46483,46484,46486],{},[15,46485,1905],{}," for octal",[176,46488,46489,46492],{},[15,46490,46491],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46494,316],{},[44,46496,46498],{"className":46,"code":46497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46499,46500,46522,46545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46501,46502,46504,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46503,137],{"class":136},[53,46505,121],{"class":67},[53,46507,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46509,121],{"class":67},[53,46511,72],{"class":71},[53,46513,46136],{"class":75},[53,46515,72],{"class":71},[53,46517,81],{"class":67},[53,46519,790],{"class":333},[53,46521,628],{"class":67},[53,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534,46537,46539,46541,46543],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46525,137],{"class":136},[53,46527,121],{"class":67},[53,46529,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46531,121],{"class":67},[53,46533,72],{"class":71},[53,46535,46536],{"class":75},"17",[53,46538,72],{"class":71},[53,46540,81],{"class":67},[53,46542,5912],{"class":333},[53,46544,628],{"class":67},[53,46546,46547,46549,46551,46553,46555,46557,46560,46562,46564,46566],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46548,137],{"class":136},[53,46550,121],{"class":67},[53,46552,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46554,121],{"class":67},[53,46556,72],{"class":71},[53,46558,46559],{"class":75},"1A",[53,46561,72],{"class":71},[53,46563,81],{"class":67},[53,46565,13538],{"class":333},[53,46567,628],{"class":67},[20,46569,388],{},[44,46571,46573],{"className":46,"code":46572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46574,46575,46579,46584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46576,46577],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46578,2507],{"class":333},[53,46580,46581],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46582,46583],{"class":333},"15\n",[53,46585,46586],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46587,46588],{"class":333},"26\n",[20,46590,46591,46592,37],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[195,46593,46594,1863],{"href":2441},[15,46595,2444],{},[39,46597,664,46599,46601],{"id":46598},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46600,2437],{}," with strings",[20,46603,46604,46606],{},[15,46605,2437],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46608,46609],{},"Examples that work:",[44,46611,46613],{"className":46,"code":46612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46614,46615,46633,46651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46616,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629,46631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46618,137],{"class":136},[53,46620,121],{"class":67},[53,46622,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46624,121],{"class":67},[53,46626,72],{"class":71},[53,46628,1698],{"class":75},[53,46630,72],{"class":71},[53,46632,628],{"class":67},[53,46634,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643,46645,46647,46649],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46636,137],{"class":136},[53,46638,121],{"class":67},[53,46640,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46642,121],{"class":67},[53,46644,72],{"class":71},[53,46646,1852],{"class":75},[53,46648,72],{"class":71},[53,46650,628],{"class":67},[53,46652,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46666,46668],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46654,137],{"class":136},[53,46656,121],{"class":67},[53,46658,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46660,121],{"class":67},[53,46662,72],{"class":71},[53,46664,46665],{"class":75},"  42  ",[53,46667,72],{"class":71},[53,46669,628],{"class":67},[20,46671,388],{},[44,46673,46675],{"className":46,"code":46674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46676,46677,46681,46687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46678,46679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46680,2507],{"class":333},[53,46682,46683,46685],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46684,1585],{"class":63},[53,46686,1786],{"class":333},[53,46688,46689],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46690,46156],{"class":333},[20,46692,46693],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46695,46696],{},"Examples that fail:",[44,46698,46700],{"className":46,"code":46699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46701,46702,46707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46703,46704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46705,46706],{"class":148},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[53,46708,46709],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46710,46711],{"class":148},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46713,46714,46715,46717],{},"These raise ",[15,46716,36],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1418,46719,46721],{"id":46720},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[44,46723,46725],{"className":46,"code":46724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46726,46727,46745,46764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46728,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46730,137],{"class":136},[53,46732,121],{"class":67},[53,46734,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46736,121],{"class":67},[53,46738,72],{"class":71},[53,46740,187],{"class":75},[53,46742,72],{"class":71},[53,46744,628],{"class":67},[53,46746,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46760,46762],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46748,137],{"class":136},[53,46750,121],{"class":67},[53,46752,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46754,121],{"class":67},[53,46756,72],{"class":71},[53,46758,46759],{"class":75},"+7",[53,46761,72],{"class":71},[53,46763,628],{"class":67},[53,46765,46766,46768,46770,46772,46774,46776,46779,46781],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46767,137],{"class":136},[53,46769,121],{"class":67},[53,46771,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46773,121],{"class":67},[53,46775,72],{"class":71},[53,46777,46778],{"class":75},"-100",[53,46780,72],{"class":71},[53,46782,628],{"class":67},[20,46784,388],{},[44,46786,46788],{"className":46,"code":46787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46789,46790,46794,46798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46791,46792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46793,633],{"class":333},[53,46795,46796],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46797,1642],{"class":333},[53,46799,46800,46802],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46801,1585],{"class":63},[53,46803,46804],{"class":333},"100\n",[1418,46806,46808],{"id":46807},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[44,46810,46812],{"className":46,"code":46811,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46813,46814,46852,46856,46868,46875,46890,46905],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46815,46816,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46848,46850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46817,3383],{"class":59},[53,46819,64],{"class":63},[53,46821,68],{"class":67},[53,46823,72],{"class":71},[53,46825,39685],{"class":75},[53,46827,72],{"class":71},[53,46829,81],{"class":67},[53,46831,84],{"class":71},[53,46833,46834],{"class":75},"12abc",[53,46836,72],{"class":71},[53,46838,81],{"class":67},[53,46840,5678],{"class":71},[53,46842,81],{"class":67},[53,46844,84],{"class":71},[53,46846,46847],{"class":75},"seven",[53,46849,72],{"class":71},[53,46851,101],{"class":67},[53,46853,46854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46855,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,46857,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,46859,5510],{"class":1041},[53,46861,21129],{"class":59},[53,46863,1048],{"class":1041},[53,46865,3446],{"class":59},[53,46867,1053],{"class":67},[53,46869,46870,46873],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,46871,46872],{"class":1041},"    try",[53,46874,1053],{"class":67},[53,46876,46877,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,46878,46879],{"class":136},"        print",[53,46881,121],{"class":67},[53,46883,1750],{"class":1320},[53,46885,121],{"class":67},[53,46887,224],{"class":117},[53,46889,628],{"class":67},[53,46891,46892,46895,46897,46900,46903],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,46893,46894],{"class":1041},"    except",[53,46896,41468],{"class":1320},[53,46898,46899],{"class":1041}," as",[53,46901,46902],{"class":59}," error",[53,46904,1053],{"class":67},[53,46906,46907,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46922,46924,46927,46929,46932,46934,46936],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,46908,46879],{"class":136},[53,46910,121],{"class":67},[53,46912,21839],{"class":1627},[53,46914,72],{"class":75},[53,46916,8829],{"class":333},[53,46918,224],{"class":117},[53,46920,46921],{"class":1627},"!r",[53,46923,21848],{"class":333},[53,46925,46926],{"class":75}," -> ",[53,46928,8829],{"class":333},[53,46930,46931],{"class":117},"error",[53,46933,21848],{"class":333},[53,46935,72],{"class":75},[53,46937,130],{"class":67},[20,46939,388],{},[44,46941,46943],{"className":46,"code":46942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46944,46945,46981,47013,47038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46946,46947,46949,46951,46953,46956,46959,46961,46963,46965,46968,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46948,2862],{"class":42871},[53,46950,39685],{"class":42875},[53,46952,2862],{"class":42871},[53,46954,46955],{"class":36910}," ->",[53,46957,46958],{"class":59}," invalid literal ",[53,46960,5510],{"class":1041},[53,46962,44820],{"class":1320},[53,46964,6917],{"class":67},[53,46966,46967],{"class":1041}," with",[53,46969,46970],{"class":59}," base ",[53,46972,334],{"class":333},[53,46974,171],{"class":67},[53,46976,2857],{"class":71},[53,46978,39685],{"class":75},[53,46980,29244],{"class":71},[53,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46984,2862],{"class":71},[53,46986,46834],{"class":75},[53,46988,2862],{"class":71},[53,46990,46955],{"class":36910},[53,46992,46958],{"class":59},[53,46994,5510],{"class":1041},[53,46996,44820],{"class":1320},[53,46998,6917],{"class":67},[53,47000,46967],{"class":1041},[53,47002,46970],{"class":59},[53,47004,334],{"class":333},[53,47006,171],{"class":67},[53,47008,2857],{"class":71},[53,47010,46834],{"class":75},[53,47012,29244],{"class":71},[53,47014,47015,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031,47033,47035],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47016,3333],{"class":71},[53,47018,46955],{"class":36910},[53,47020,46958],{"class":59},[53,47022,5510],{"class":1041},[53,47024,44820],{"class":1320},[53,47026,6917],{"class":67},[53,47028,46967],{"class":1041},[53,47030,46970],{"class":59},[53,47032,334],{"class":333},[53,47034,171],{"class":67},[53,47036,47037],{"class":71}," ''\n",[53,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47041,2862],{"class":71},[53,47043,46847],{"class":75},[53,47045,2862],{"class":71},[53,47047,46955],{"class":36910},[53,47049,46958],{"class":59},[53,47051,5510],{"class":1041},[53,47053,44820],{"class":1320},[53,47055,6917],{"class":67},[53,47057,46967],{"class":1041},[53,47059,46970],{"class":59},[53,47061,334],{"class":333},[53,47063,171],{"class":67},[53,47065,2857],{"class":71},[53,47067,46847],{"class":75},[53,47069,29244],{"class":71},[20,47071,47072,47073,47075,47076,37],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[195,47074,8531],{"href":8530}," and the ",[195,47077,47078,1863],{"href":7769},[15,47079,2518],{},[39,47081,664,47083,47085],{"id":47082},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47084,2437],{}," with floats",[20,47087,47088,47089,47091],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47090,2437],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47093,47094,47095,13604,47097,47099],{},"Important: ",[15,47096,2437],{},[30,47098,1112],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[44,47101,47103],{"className":46,"code":47102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47104,47105,47119,47134,47150],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47106,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47108,137],{"class":136},[53,47110,121],{"class":67},[53,47112,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47114,121],{"class":67},[53,47116,41526],{"class":333},[53,47118,628],{"class":67},[53,47120,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129,47132],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47122,137],{"class":136},[53,47124,121],{"class":67},[53,47126,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47128,121],{"class":67},[53,47130,47131],{"class":333},"3.1",[53,47133,628],{"class":67},[53,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47137,137],{"class":136},[53,47139,121],{"class":67},[53,47141,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47143,121],{"class":67},[53,47145,1585],{"class":63},[53,47147,41526],{"class":333},[53,47149,628],{"class":67},[53,47151,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47153,137],{"class":136},[53,47155,121],{"class":67},[53,47157,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47159,121],{"class":67},[53,47161,1585],{"class":63},[53,47163,47131],{"class":333},[53,47165,628],{"class":67},[20,47167,388],{},[44,47169,47171],{"className":46,"code":47170,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47172,47173,47177,47181,47187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47174,47175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47176,847],{"class":333},[53,47178,47179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47180,847],{"class":333},[53,47182,47183,47185],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47184,1585],{"class":63},[53,47186,847],{"class":333},[53,47188,47189,47191],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47190,1585],{"class":63},[53,47192,847],{"class":333},[20,47194,47195],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[173,47197,47198,47205],{},[176,47199,47200,41697,47203],{},[15,47201,47202],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47204,882],{},[176,47206,47207,41697,47210],{},[15,47208,47209],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47211,47212],{},"-3",[20,47214,47215,47216,47220,47221,37],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[195,47217,47218],{"href":2441},[15,47219,2444],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[195,47222,47223],{"href":41717},[15,47224,47225],{},"str()",[39,47227,664,47229,47231],{"id":47228},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47230,2437],{}," with booleans",[20,47233,47234],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[44,47236,47238],{"className":46,"code":47237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47239,47240,47254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47241,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47243,137],{"class":136},[53,47245,121],{"class":67},[53,47247,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47249,121],{"class":67},[53,47251,3167],{"class":3413},[53,47253,628],{"class":67},[53,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47257,137],{"class":136},[53,47259,121],{"class":67},[53,47261,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47263,121],{"class":67},[53,47265,3234],{"class":3413},[53,47267,628],{"class":67},[20,47269,388],{},[44,47271,47273],{"className":46,"code":47272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n0\n",[15,47274,47275,47279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47276,47277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47278,391],{"class":333},[53,47280,47281],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47282,633],{"class":333},[20,47284,47285],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[44,47287,47289],{"className":46,"code":47288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47290,47291,47300,47315,47319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47292,47293,47296,47298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47294,47295],{"class":59},"passed ",[53,47297,64],{"class":63},[53,47299,5974],{"class":3413},[53,47301,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310,47313],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47303,40724],{"class":59},[53,47305,64],{"class":63},[53,47307,44820],{"class":1320},[53,47309,121],{"class":67},[53,47311,47312],{"class":117},"passed",[53,47314,130],{"class":67},[53,47316,47317],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47318,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,47320,47321,47323,47325,47327],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47322,137],{"class":136},[53,47324,121],{"class":67},[53,47326,40753],{"class":117},[53,47328,130],{"class":67},[20,47330,388],{},[44,47332,47333],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47334,47335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47336,47337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47338,391],{"class":333},[20,47340,47341,47342,37],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[195,47343,47344,1863],{"href":5332},[15,47345,3373],{},[39,47347,47349],{"id":47348},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47351,47352,47353,47356],{},"Use the ",[15,47354,47355],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1418,47358,47360],{"id":47359},"binary-example","Binary example",[44,47362,47364],{"className":46,"code":47363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47365,47366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47367,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47369,137],{"class":136},[53,47371,121],{"class":67},[53,47373,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47375,121],{"class":67},[53,47377,72],{"class":71},[53,47379,46136],{"class":75},[53,47381,72],{"class":71},[53,47383,81],{"class":67},[53,47385,790],{"class":333},[53,47387,628],{"class":67},[20,47389,388],{},[44,47391,47392],{"className":46,"code":2507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47393,47394],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47395,47396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47397,2507],{"class":333},[20,47399,47400,47403],{},[15,47401,47402],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[173,47405,47406,47411,47416],{},[176,47407,47408],{},[15,47409,47410],{},"1 × 4",[176,47412,47413],{},[15,47414,47415],{},"0 × 2",[176,47417,47418],{},[15,47419,47420],{},"1 × 1",[20,47422,47423,47424,37],{},"So the result is ",[15,47425,1698],{},[1418,47427,47429],{"id":47428},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[44,47431,47433],{"className":46,"code":47432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47434,47435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47436,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47438,137],{"class":136},[53,47440,121],{"class":67},[53,47442,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47444,121],{"class":67},[53,47446,72],{"class":71},[53,47448,46559],{"class":75},[53,47450,72],{"class":71},[53,47452,81],{"class":67},[53,47454,13538],{"class":333},[53,47456,628],{"class":67},[20,47458,388],{},[44,47460,47461],{"className":46,"code":46588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47462,47463],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47464,47465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47466,46588],{"class":333},[1418,47468,47470],{"id":47469},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47472,1541,47473,47475],{},[15,47474,47355],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47477,47478],{},"Good:",[44,47480,47481],{"className":46,"code":47363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47482,47483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47484,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47486,137],{"class":136},[53,47488,121],{"class":67},[53,47490,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47492,121],{"class":67},[53,47494,72],{"class":71},[53,47496,46136],{"class":75},[53,47498,72],{"class":71},[53,47500,81],{"class":67},[53,47502,790],{"class":333},[53,47504,628],{"class":67},[20,47506,47507],{},"Not correct:",[44,47509,47511],{"className":46,"code":47510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47512,47513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47514,47515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47516,47510],{"class":148},[20,47518,47519,47520,8150,47522,47524],{},"That causes a ",[15,47521,2565],{},[15,47523,47355],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[39,47526,47528],{"id":47527},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47530,47531,47532,47534,47535,667,47537,37],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47533,2437],{}," are ",[15,47536,36],{},[15,47538,2565],{},[1418,47540,47541],{"id":41055},[15,47542,36],{},[20,47544,47545],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47547,316],{},[44,47549,47551],{"className":46,"code":47550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47552,47553,47559,47577,47589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47554,47555,47557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47556,29348],{"class":1041},[53,47558,1053],{"class":67},[53,47560,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47562,1058],{"class":136},[53,47564,121],{"class":67},[53,47566,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47568,121],{"class":67},[53,47570,72],{"class":71},[53,47572,39685],{"class":75},[53,47574,72],{"class":71},[53,47576,628],{"class":67},[53,47578,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47580,29379],{"class":1041},[53,47582,41468],{"class":1320},[53,47584,46899],{"class":1041},[53,47586,46902],{"class":59},[53,47588,1053],{"class":67},[53,47590,47591,47593,47595,47597],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47592,1058],{"class":136},[53,47594,121],{"class":67},[53,47596,46931],{"class":117},[53,47598,130],{"class":67},[20,47600,388],{},[44,47602,47604],{"className":46,"code":47603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47605,47606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47607,47608,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47609,47610],{"class":59},"invalid literal ",[53,47612,5510],{"class":1041},[53,47614,44820],{"class":1320},[53,47616,6917],{"class":67},[53,47618,46967],{"class":1041},[53,47620,46970],{"class":59},[53,47622,334],{"class":333},[53,47624,171],{"class":67},[53,47626,2857],{"class":71},[53,47628,39685],{"class":75},[53,47630,29244],{"class":71},[20,47632,47633,47634,47637,47638,47640],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47635,47636],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47639,2437],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[44,47642,47644],{"className":46,"code":47643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47645,47646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47647,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47649,137],{"class":136},[53,47651,121],{"class":67},[53,47653,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47655,121],{"class":67},[53,47657,1753],{"class":1320},[53,47659,121],{"class":67},[53,47661,72],{"class":71},[53,47663,39685],{"class":75},[53,47665,72],{"class":71},[53,47667,2472],{"class":67},[20,47669,388],{},[44,47671,47672],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47673,47674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47675,47676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47677,847],{"class":333},[20,47679,47680,47681,667,47684,37],{},"If you see this often, read ",[195,47682,47683],{"href":2522},"how to convert string to int in Python",[195,47685,25225,47686],{"href":45460},[15,47687,45461],{},[1418,47689,47690],{"id":41121},[15,47691,2565],{},[20,47693,47694],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47696,316],{},[44,47698,47700],{"className":46,"code":47699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47701,47702,47708,47722,47735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47703,47704,47706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47705,29348],{"class":1041},[53,47707,1053],{"class":67},[53,47709,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47711,1058],{"class":136},[53,47713,121],{"class":67},[53,47715,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47717,121],{"class":67},[53,47719,3338],{"class":3413},[53,47721,628],{"class":67},[53,47723,47724,47726,47729,47731,47733],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47725,29379],{"class":1041},[53,47727,47728],{"class":1320}," TypeError",[53,47730,46899],{"class":1041},[53,47732,46902],{"class":59},[53,47734,1053],{"class":67},[53,47736,47737,47739,47741,47743],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47738,1058],{"class":136},[53,47740,121],{"class":67},[53,47742,46931],{"class":117},[53,47744,130],{"class":67},[20,47746,388],{},[44,47748,47750],{"className":46,"code":47749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47751,47752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47753,47754,47756,47758,47761,47763,47765,47768,47770,47773,47775,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786,47789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47755,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47757,6917],{"class":67},[53,47759,47760],{"class":59}," argument must be a string",[53,47762,81],{"class":67},[53,47764,44088],{"class":59},[53,47766,47767],{"class":1320},"bytes",[53,47769,1585],{"class":63},[53,47771,47772],{"class":59},"like ",[53,47774,41941],{"class":1320},[53,47776,47777],{"class":63}," or",[53,47779,40381],{"class":59},[53,47781,81],{"class":67},[53,47783,7649],{"class":63},[53,47785,2857],{"class":71},[53,47787,47788],{"class":75},"NoneType",[53,47790,29244],{"class":71},[20,47792,47793,47794,47796],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47795,47355],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[44,47798,47800],{"className":46,"code":47799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47801,47802,47808,47826,47838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47803,47804,47806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47805,29348],{"class":1041},[53,47807,1053],{"class":67},[53,47809,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818,47820,47822,47824],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47811,1058],{"class":136},[53,47813,121],{"class":67},[53,47815,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47817,121],{"class":67},[53,47819,46136],{"class":333},[53,47821,81],{"class":67},[53,47823,790],{"class":333},[53,47825,628],{"class":67},[53,47827,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47829,29379],{"class":1041},[53,47831,47728],{"class":1320},[53,47833,46899],{"class":1041},[53,47835,46902],{"class":59},[53,47837,1053],{"class":67},[53,47839,47840,47842,47844,47846],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47841,1058],{"class":136},[53,47843,121],{"class":67},[53,47845,46931],{"class":117},[53,47847,130],{"class":67},[20,47849,388],{},[44,47851,47853],{"className":46,"code":47852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47854,47855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47856,47857,47859,47861,47864,47866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47858,1750],{"class":1320},[53,47860,6917],{"class":67},[53,47862,47863],{"class":59}," can",[53,47865,2862],{"class":71},[53,47867,47868],{"class":75},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[39,47870,1391,47872],{"id":47871},"when-to-use-int",[15,47873,2437],{},[20,47875,152,47876,47878],{},[15,47877,2437],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47880,47881],{},"Common uses:",[173,47883,47884,47890,47893,47896],{},[176,47885,47886,47887,47889],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47888,2518],{}," into integers",[176,47891,47892],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[176,47894,47895],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[176,47897,47898,47899,36158],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47900,47355],{},[20,47902,47903],{},"Example with user input:",[44,47905,47907],{"className":46,"code":47906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47908,47909,47923,47938,47942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47910,47911,47914,47916,47918,47921],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47912,47913],{"class":59},"age_text ",[53,47915,64],{"class":63},[53,47917,84],{"class":71},[53,47919,47920],{"class":75},"18",[53,47922,1032],{"class":71},[53,47924,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933,47936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47926,21173],{"class":59},[53,47928,64],{"class":63},[53,47930,44820],{"class":1320},[53,47932,121],{"class":67},[53,47934,47935],{"class":117},"age_text",[53,47937,130],{"class":67},[53,47939,47940],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,47941,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,47943,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,47945,137],{"class":136},[53,47947,121],{"class":67},[53,47949,21173],{"class":117},[53,47951,1622],{"class":63},[53,47953,821],{"class":333},[53,47955,130],{"class":67},[20,47957,388],{},[44,47959,47961],{"className":46,"code":47960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19\n",[15,47962,47963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47964,47965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47966,47960],{"class":333},[39,47968,2389],{"id":2388},[20,47970,14284,47971,37],{},[15,47972,2437],{},[1418,47974,47976],{"id":47975},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47978,47979],{},"This fails:",[44,47981,47983],{"className":46,"code":47982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47984,47985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47986,47987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47988,47982],{"class":148},[20,47990,47991,47992,47995],{},"Why: ",[15,47993,47994],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47997,18387],{},[44,47999,48001],{"className":46,"code":48000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48002,48003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48004,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021,48023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48006,137],{"class":136},[53,48008,121],{"class":67},[53,48010,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48012,121],{"class":67},[53,48014,1753],{"class":1320},[53,48016,121],{"class":67},[53,48018,72],{"class":71},[53,48020,40665],{"class":75},[53,48022,72],{"class":71},[53,48024,2472],{"class":67},[1418,48026,48028],{"id":48027},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48030,47979],{},[44,48032,48034],{"className":46,"code":48033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48035,48036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48037,48038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48039,48033],{"class":148},[20,48041,48042],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1418,48044,48046,48047],{"id":48045},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48048,48049],{},"int(None)",[20,48051,48052,48053,48055],{},"This fails because ",[15,48054,3338],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[44,48057,48059],{"className":46,"code":48058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48060,48061,48070,48074,48080,48094,48106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48062,48063,48065,48067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48064,2006],{"class":59},[53,48066,64],{"class":63},[53,48068,48069],{"class":3413}," None\n",[53,48071,48072],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48073,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48075,48076,48078],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48077,29348],{"class":1041},[53,48079,1053],{"class":67},[53,48081,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,48083,1058],{"class":136},[53,48085,121],{"class":67},[53,48087,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48089,121],{"class":67},[53,48091,224],{"class":117},[53,48093,628],{"class":67},[53,48095,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,48097,29379],{"class":1041},[53,48099,47728],{"class":1320},[53,48101,46899],{"class":1041},[53,48103,46902],{"class":59},[53,48105,1053],{"class":67},[53,48107,48108,48110,48112,48114],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,48109,1058],{"class":136},[53,48111,121],{"class":67},[53,48113,46931],{"class":117},[53,48115,130],{"class":67},[1418,48117,48119],{"id":48118},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48121,47979],{},[44,48123,48124],{"className":46,"code":47510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48125,48126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48127,48128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48129,47510],{"class":148},[20,48131,48132],{},"Use a string instead:",[44,48134,48135],{"className":46,"code":47363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48136,48137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48138,48139,48141,48143,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48140,137],{"class":136},[53,48142,121],{"class":67},[53,48144,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48146,121],{"class":67},[53,48148,72],{"class":71},[53,48150,46136],{"class":75},[53,48152,72],{"class":71},[53,48154,81],{"class":67},[53,48156,790],{"class":333},[53,48158,628],{"class":67},[1418,48160,8001,48162,48164],{"id":48161},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48163,2437],{}," to round",[20,48166,48167],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[44,48169,48171],{"className":46,"code":48170,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48172,48173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48174,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183,48186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48176,137],{"class":136},[53,48178,121],{"class":67},[53,48180,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48182,121],{"class":67},[53,48184,48185],{"class":333},"4.9",[53,48187,628],{"class":67},[20,48189,388],{},[44,48191,48193],{"className":46,"code":48192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n",[15,48194,48195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48196,48197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48198,48192],{"class":333},[20,48200,2730,48201,48203,48204,48206],{},[15,48202,1698],{},", remember that ",[15,48205,2437],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[39,48208,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,48210,1431,48212,48214],{"id":48211},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48213,2437],{}," round numbers?",[20,48216,45909,48217,48219],{},[15,48218,2437],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1418,48221,4711,48223,48226],{"id":48222},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48224,48225],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48228,28605,48229,48231,48232,48234,48235,39471],{},[15,48230,47636],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48233,2444],{}," first, then use ",[15,48236,2437],{},[1418,48238,1421,48240,12267],{"id":48239},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48241,48242],{},"int(True)",[20,48244,4701,48245,27857,48247,41697,48249,37],{},[15,48246,517],{},[15,48248,3234],{},[15,48250,187],{},[1418,48252,48254],{"id":48253},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48256,48257],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[39,48259,1471],{"id":1470},[173,48261,48262,48268,48274,48280,48285,48289,48295],{},[176,48263,48264],{},[195,48265,48266,3071],{"href":2441},[15,48267,2444],{},[176,48269,48270],{},[195,48271,48272,3071],{"href":41717},[15,48273,47225],{},[176,48275,48276],{},[195,48277,48278,3071],{"href":5332},[15,48279,3373],{},[176,48281,48282],{},[195,48283,48284],{"href":2522},"How to convert string to int in Python",[176,48286,48287],{},[195,48288,8608],{"href":8530},[176,48290,48291],{},[195,48292,48293,3071],{"href":7769},[15,48294,2518],{},[176,48296,48297],{},[195,48298,29892,48299],{"href":45460},[15,48300,45461],{},[1494,48302,48303],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":48305},[48306,48307,48309,48313,48318,48320,48322,48327,48331,48333,48342,48351],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":46172,"depth":104,"text":48308},"What int() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":48310},[48311,48312],{"id":46363,"depth":133,"text":46366},{"id":46462,"depth":133,"text":46465},{"id":46598,"depth":104,"text":48314,"children":48315},"Using int() with strings",[48316,48317],{"id":46720,"depth":133,"text":46721},{"id":46807,"depth":133,"text":46808},{"id":47082,"depth":104,"text":48319},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47228,"depth":104,"text":48321},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47348,"depth":104,"text":47349,"children":48323},[48324,48325,48326],{"id":47359,"depth":133,"text":47360},{"id":47428,"depth":133,"text":47429},{"id":47469,"depth":133,"text":47470},{"id":47527,"depth":104,"text":47528,"children":48328},[48329,48330],{"id":41055,"depth":133,"text":36},{"id":41121,"depth":133,"text":2565},{"id":47871,"depth":104,"text":48332},"When to use int()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":48334},[48335,48336,48337,48339,48340],{"id":47975,"depth":133,"text":47976},{"id":48027,"depth":133,"text":48028},{"id":48045,"depth":133,"text":48338},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48118,"depth":133,"text":48119},{"id":48161,"depth":133,"text":48341},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":48343},[48344,48346,48348,48350],{"id":48211,"depth":133,"text":48345},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48222,"depth":133,"text":48347},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48239,"depth":133,"text":48349},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48253,"depth":133,"text":48254},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41638,"description":48352},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48359,"title":48360,"body":48361,"description":50197,"extension":1524,"meta":50198,"navigation":372,"path":44346,"seo":50199,"stem":50200,"__hash__":50201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48362,"toc":50153},[48363,48368,48373,48381,48390,48392,48451,48457,48462,48467,48470,48498,48501,48504,48515,48525,48527,48529,48549,48553,48581,48583,48622,48624,48632,48634,48637,48641,48694,48696,48708,48712,48769,48771,48783,48789,48795,48799,48802,48805,48871,48873,48885,48891,48893,48945,48948,48989,48992,48999,49008,49014,49017,49050,49056,49059,49090,49096,49099,49111,49115,49120,49124,49282,49284,49299,49302,49306,49410,49412,49429,49433,49494,49496,49504,49507,49511,49578,49580,49589,49595,49597,49606,49608,49643,49648,49650,49680,49684,49686,49723,49726,49728,49765,49771,49773,49823,49825,49833,49843,49849,49853,49858,49907,49909,49922,49925,49927,49930,50005,50008,50027,50030,50060,50070,50072,50077,50084,50090,50096,50103,50111,50117,50120,50122,50150],[10,48364,3138,48366,3142],{"id":48365},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48367,44349],{},[20,48369,48370,48372],{},[15,48371,44349],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48374,48375,48376,2438,48378,48380],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48377,3167],{},[15,48379,3234],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48382,48383,48384,48386,48387,48389],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48385,44349],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48388,1862],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[39,48391,42],{"id":41},[44,48393,48395],{"className":46,"code":48394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48396,48397,48405,48409,48430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48398,48399,48401,48403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48400,2006],{"class":59},[53,48402,64],{"class":63},[53,48404,2145],{"class":333},[53,48406,48407],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48408,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48410,48411,48413,48415,48418,48420,48422,48424,48426,48428],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48412,137],{"class":136},[53,48414,121],{"class":67},[53,48416,48417],{"class":136},"isinstance",[53,48419,121],{"class":67},[53,48421,224],{"class":117},[53,48423,81],{"class":67},[53,48425,44820],{"class":1320},[53,48427,762],{"class":67},[53,48429,43398],{"class":148},[53,48431,48432,48434,48436,48438,48440,48442,48444,48447,48449],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,48433,137],{"class":136},[53,48435,121],{"class":67},[53,48437,48417],{"class":136},[53,48439,121],{"class":67},[53,48441,224],{"class":117},[53,48443,81],{"class":67},[53,48445,48446],{"class":1320}," str",[53,48448,762],{"class":67},[53,48450,43415],{"class":148},[20,48452,152,48453,48456],{},[15,48454,48455],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[39,48458,163,48460,166],{"id":48459},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48461,44349],{},[20,48463,48464,48466],{},[15,48465,44349],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48468,48469],{},"It:",[173,48471,48472,48475,48481,48484],{},[176,48473,48474],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[176,48476,10973,48477,2438,48479],{},[15,48478,3167],{},[15,48480,3234],{},[176,48482,48483],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[176,48485,48486,48487,891,48489,891,48491,891,48493,894,48496],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48488,3005],{},[15,48490,1750],{},[15,48492,7643],{},[15,48494,48495],{},"tuple",[15,48497,8371],{},[20,48499,48500],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48502,48503],{},"For example, you might want to:",[173,48505,48506,48509,48512],{},[176,48507,48508],{},"loop through a list",[176,48510,48511],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[176,48513,48514],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48516,48517,48518,2438,48521,37],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[195,48519,44341],{"href":48520},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[195,48522,48524],{"href":48523},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[39,48526,202],{"id":201},[20,48528,1721],{},[44,48530,48532],{"className":46,"code":48531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48533,48534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48535,48536,48538,48540,48542,48544,48547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48537,48417],{"class":136},[53,48539,121],{"class":67},[53,48541,41941],{"class":1320},[53,48543,81],{"class":67},[53,48545,48546],{"class":117}," classinfo",[53,48548,130],{"class":67},[1418,48550,48552],{"id":48551},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[173,48554,48555,48560,48574],{},[176,48556,48557,48559],{},[15,48558,41941],{}," is the value you want to test",[176,48561,48562,48565,48566,891,48568,891,48570,1754,48572],{},[15,48563,48564],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48567,1750],{},[15,48569,3005],{},[15,48571,7643],{},[15,48573,8371],{},[176,48575,48576,48577,2438,48579],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48578,3167],{},[15,48580,3234],{},[20,48582,316],{},[44,48584,48586],{"className":46,"code":48585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48587,48588,48600,48604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48589,48590,48592,48594,48596,48598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48591,7426],{"class":59},[53,48593,64],{"class":63},[53,48595,84],{"class":71},[53,48597,11059],{"class":75},[53,48599,1032],{"class":71},[53,48601,48602],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48603,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48605,48606,48608,48610,48612,48614,48616,48618,48620],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48607,137],{"class":136},[53,48609,121],{"class":67},[53,48611,48417],{"class":136},[53,48613,121],{"class":67},[53,48615,7220],{"class":117},[53,48617,81],{"class":67},[53,48619,48446],{"class":1320},[53,48621,628],{"class":67},[20,48623,388],{},[44,48625,48626],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48627,48628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48629,48630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48631,3540],{"class":3413},[39,48633,11025],{"id":11024},[20,48635,48636],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1418,48638,48640],{"id":48639},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[44,48642,48644],{"className":46,"code":48643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48645,48646,48654,48658,48676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48647,48648,48650,48652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48649,2006],{"class":59},[53,48651,64],{"class":63},[53,48653,44769],{"class":333},[53,48655,48656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48657,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48659,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670,48672,48674],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48661,137],{"class":136},[53,48663,121],{"class":67},[53,48665,48417],{"class":136},[53,48667,121],{"class":67},[53,48669,224],{"class":117},[53,48671,81],{"class":67},[53,48673,44820],{"class":1320},[53,48675,628],{"class":67},[53,48677,48678,48680,48682,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,48679,137],{"class":136},[53,48681,121],{"class":67},[53,48683,48417],{"class":136},[53,48685,121],{"class":67},[53,48687,224],{"class":117},[53,48689,81],{"class":67},[53,48691,48446],{"class":1320},[53,48693,628],{"class":67},[20,48695,388],{},[44,48697,48698],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48699,48700,48704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48701,48702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48703,3540],{"class":3413},[53,48705,48706],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48707,3601],{"class":3413},[1418,48709,48711],{"id":48710},"check-text","Check text",[44,48713,48715],{"className":46,"code":48714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48716,48717,48729,48733,48751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48718,48719,48721,48723,48725,48727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48720,34233],{"class":59},[53,48722,64],{"class":63},[53,48724,84],{"class":71},[53,48726,3406],{"class":75},[53,48728,1032],{"class":71},[53,48730,48731],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48732,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48734,48735,48737,48739,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48736,137],{"class":136},[53,48738,121],{"class":67},[53,48740,48417],{"class":136},[53,48742,121],{"class":67},[53,48744,34254],{"class":117},[53,48746,81],{"class":67},[53,48748,48446],{"class":1320},[53,48750,628],{"class":67},[53,48752,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,48754,137],{"class":136},[53,48756,121],{"class":67},[53,48758,48417],{"class":136},[53,48760,121],{"class":67},[53,48762,34254],{"class":117},[53,48764,81],{"class":67},[53,48766,44820],{"class":1320},[53,48768,628],{"class":67},[20,48770,388],{},[44,48772,48773],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48774,48775,48779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48776,48777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48778,3540],{"class":3413},[53,48780,48781],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48782,3601],{"class":3413},[20,48784,48785,48786,48788],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48787,44349],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48790,48791,48792,37],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[195,48793,48794],{"href":2522},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[39,48796,48798],{"id":48797},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48800,48801],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48803,48804],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[44,48806,48808],{"className":46,"code":48807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48809,48810,48819,48823,48847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48811,48812,48814,48816],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48813,2006],{"class":59},[53,48815,64],{"class":63},[53,48817,48818],{"class":333}," 3.5\n",[53,48820,48821],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48822,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48824,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843,48845],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48826,137],{"class":136},[53,48828,121],{"class":67},[53,48830,48417],{"class":136},[53,48832,121],{"class":67},[53,48834,224],{"class":117},[53,48836,81],{"class":67},[53,48838,8787],{"class":67},[53,48840,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48842,81],{"class":67},[53,48844,39797],{"class":1320},[53,48846,2472],{"class":67},[53,48848,48849,48851,48853,48855,48857,48859,48861,48863,48865,48867,48869],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,48850,137],{"class":136},[53,48852,121],{"class":67},[53,48854,48417],{"class":136},[53,48856,121],{"class":67},[53,48858,224],{"class":117},[53,48860,81],{"class":67},[53,48862,8787],{"class":67},[53,48864,3005],{"class":1320},[53,48866,81],{"class":67},[53,48868,22105],{"class":1320},[53,48870,2472],{"class":67},[20,48872,388],{},[44,48874,48875],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48876,48877,48881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48878,48879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48880,3540],{"class":3413},[53,48882,48883],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48884,3601],{"class":3413},[20,48886,48887,48888,48890],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48889,40378],{}," conditions.",[20,48892,7848],{},[44,48894,48896],{"className":46,"code":48895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48897,48898,48906,48910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48899,48900,48902,48904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48901,2006],{"class":59},[53,48903,64],{"class":63},[53,48905,48818],{"class":333},[53,48907,48908],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48909,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48911,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924,48926,48928,48930,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941,48943],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48913,137],{"class":136},[53,48915,121],{"class":67},[53,48917,1321],{"class":1320},[53,48919,121],{"class":67},[53,48921,224],{"class":117},[53,48923,145],{"class":67},[53,48925,5960],{"class":63},[53,48927,44820],{"class":1320},[53,48929,47777],{"class":1041},[53,48931,48932],{"class":1320}," type",[53,48934,121],{"class":67},[53,48936,224],{"class":117},[53,48938,145],{"class":67},[53,48940,5960],{"class":63},[53,48942,39797],{"class":1320},[53,48944,130],{"class":67},[20,48946,48947],{},"you can write this:",[44,48949,48951],{"className":46,"code":48950,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48952,48953,48961,48965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48954,48955,48957,48959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48956,2006],{"class":59},[53,48958,64],{"class":63},[53,48960,48818],{"class":333},[53,48962,48963],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48964,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,48966,48967,48969,48971,48973,48975,48977,48979,48981,48983,48985,48987],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,48968,137],{"class":136},[53,48970,121],{"class":67},[53,48972,48417],{"class":136},[53,48974,121],{"class":67},[53,48976,224],{"class":117},[53,48978,81],{"class":67},[53,48980,8787],{"class":67},[53,48982,1750],{"class":1320},[53,48984,81],{"class":67},[53,48986,39797],{"class":1320},[53,48988,2472],{"class":67},[20,48990,48991],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[39,48993,48995,10136,48997],{"id":48994},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48996,44349],{},[15,48998,1862],{},[20,49000,10141,49001,667,49003,49007],{},[15,49002,44349],{},[195,49004,49005],{"href":1859},[15,49006,1862],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1418,49009,49011],{"id":49010},"typevalue-int",[15,49012,49013],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49015,49016],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[44,49018,49020],{"className":46,"code":49019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49021,49022,49030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49023,49024,49026,49028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49025,2006],{"class":59},[53,49027,64],{"class":63},[53,49029,2145],{"class":333},[53,49031,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49033,137],{"class":136},[53,49035,121],{"class":67},[53,49037,1321],{"class":1320},[53,49039,121],{"class":67},[53,49041,224],{"class":117},[53,49043,145],{"class":67},[53,49045,5960],{"class":63},[53,49047,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49049,130],{"class":67},[1418,49051,49053],{"id":49052},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49054,49055],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49057,49058],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[44,49060,49062],{"className":46,"code":49061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49063,49064,49072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49065,49066,49068,49070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49067,2006],{"class":59},[53,49069,64],{"class":63},[53,49071,2145],{"class":333},[53,49073,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49075,137],{"class":136},[53,49077,121],{"class":67},[53,49079,48417],{"class":136},[53,49081,121],{"class":67},[53,49083,224],{"class":117},[53,49085,81],{"class":67},[53,49087,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49089,628],{"class":67},[20,49091,49092,49093,49095],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49094,44349],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49097,49098],{},"In everyday code:",[173,49100,49101,49106],{},[176,49102,39532,49103,49105],{},[15,49104,1862],{}," when you need the exact type",[176,49107,39532,49108,49110],{},[15,49109,44349],{}," when you want a practical type check",[39,49112,49114],{"id":49113},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49116,49117,49118,37],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49119,44349],{},[1418,49121,49123],{"id":49122},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[44,49125,49127],{"className":46,"code":49126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49128,49129,49147,49166,49178,49183,49201,49212,49216,49228,49232,49256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49130,49131,49133,49136,49138,49140,49142,49145],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49132,34397],{"class":1627},[53,49134,49135],{"class":34400}," repeat_text",[53,49137,121],{"class":67},[53,49139,34254],{"class":37206},[53,49141,81],{"class":67},[53,49143,49144],{"class":37206}," count",[53,49146,7891],{"class":67},[53,49148,49149,49151,49153,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49150,5950],{"class":1041},[53,49152,7649],{"class":63},[53,49154,49155],{"class":136}," isinstance",[53,49157,121],{"class":67},[53,49159,34254],{"class":117},[53,49161,81],{"class":67},[53,49163,48446],{"class":1320},[53,49165,7891],{"class":67},[53,49167,49168,49171,49173,49176],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49169,49170],{"class":1041},"        return",[53,49172,84],{"class":71},[53,49174,49175],{"class":75},"text must be a string",[53,49177,1032],{"class":71},[53,49179,49180],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49181,49182],{"class":59},"    \n",[53,49184,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197,49199],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,49186,5950],{"class":1041},[53,49188,7649],{"class":63},[53,49190,49155],{"class":136},[53,49192,121],{"class":67},[53,49194,40801],{"class":117},[53,49196,81],{"class":67},[53,49198,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49200,7891],{"class":67},[53,49202,49203,49205,49207,49210],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,49204,49170],{"class":1041},[53,49206,84],{"class":71},[53,49208,49209],{"class":75},"count must be an integer",[53,49211,1032],{"class":71},[53,49213,49214],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,49215,49182],{"class":59},[53,49217,49218,49220,49223,49225],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,49219,34408],{"class":1041},[53,49221,49222],{"class":59}," text ",[53,49224,39414],{"class":63},[53,49226,49227],{"class":59}," count\n",[53,49229,49230],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,49231,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49233,49234,49236,49238,49241,49243,49245,49248,49250,49252,49254],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,49235,137],{"class":136},[53,49237,121],{"class":67},[53,49239,49240],{"class":117},"repeat_text",[53,49242,121],{"class":67},[53,49244,72],{"class":71},[53,49246,49247],{"class":75},"Hi ",[53,49249,72],{"class":71},[53,49251,81],{"class":67},[53,49253,1269],{"class":333},[53,49255,628],{"class":67},[53,49257,49258,49260,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280],{"class":55,"line":11145},[53,49259,137],{"class":136},[53,49261,121],{"class":67},[53,49263,49240],{"class":117},[53,49265,121],{"class":67},[53,49267,72],{"class":71},[53,49269,49247],{"class":75},[53,49271,72],{"class":71},[53,49273,81],{"class":67},[53,49275,84],{"class":71},[53,49277,882],{"class":75},[53,49279,72],{"class":71},[53,49281,628],{"class":67},[20,49283,388],{},[44,49285,49287],{"className":46,"code":49286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49288,49289,49294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49290,49291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49292,49293],{"class":59},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[53,49295,49296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49297,49298],{"class":59},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49300,49301],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1418,49303,49305],{"id":49304},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[44,49307,49309],{"className":46,"code":49308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49310,49311,49343,49347,49363,49378,49395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49312,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339,49341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49314,2006],{"class":59},[53,49316,64],{"class":63},[53,49318,68],{"class":67},[53,49320,72],{"class":71},[53,49322,195],{"class":75},[53,49324,72],{"class":71},[53,49326,81],{"class":67},[53,49328,84],{"class":71},[53,49330,704],{"class":75},[53,49332,72],{"class":71},[53,49334,81],{"class":67},[53,49336,84],{"class":71},[53,49338,713],{"class":75},[53,49340,72],{"class":71},[53,49342,101],{"class":67},[53,49344,49345],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49346,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49348,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49350,1042],{"class":1041},[53,49352,49155],{"class":136},[53,49354,121],{"class":67},[53,49356,224],{"class":117},[53,49358,81],{"class":67},[53,49360,48446],{"class":1320},[53,49362,7891],{"class":67},[53,49364,49365,49367,49369,49371,49374,49376],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49366,1058],{"class":136},[53,49368,121],{"class":67},[53,49370,72],{"class":71},[53,49372,49373],{"class":75},"This is text",[53,49375,72],{"class":71},[53,49377,130],{"class":67},[53,49379,49380,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,49381,49382],{"class":1041},"elif",[53,49384,49155],{"class":136},[53,49386,121],{"class":67},[53,49388,224],{"class":117},[53,49390,81],{"class":67},[53,49392,22105],{"class":1320},[53,49394,7891],{"class":67},[53,49396,49397,49399,49401,49403,49406,49408],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,49398,1058],{"class":136},[53,49400,121],{"class":67},[53,49402,72],{"class":71},[53,49404,49405],{"class":75},"This is a list",[53,49407,72],{"class":71},[53,49409,130],{"class":67},[20,49411,388],{},[44,49413,49415],{"className":46,"code":49414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a list\n",[15,49416,49417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49418,49419,49422,49424,49426],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49420,49421],{"class":59},"This ",[53,49423,11745],{"class":63},[53,49425,44088],{"class":59},[53,49427,49428],{"class":1320},"list\n",[1418,49430,49432],{"id":49431},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[44,49434,49436],{"className":46,"code":49435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49437,49438,49450,49454,49470,49484],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49439,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49441,2006],{"class":59},[53,49443,64],{"class":63},[53,49445,84],{"class":71},[53,49447,46070],{"class":75},[53,49449,1032],{"class":71},[53,49451,49452],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49453,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49455,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49457,1042],{"class":1041},[53,49459,49155],{"class":136},[53,49461,121],{"class":67},[53,49463,224],{"class":117},[53,49465,81],{"class":67},[53,49467,48446],{"class":1320},[53,49469,7891],{"class":67},[53,49471,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49473,41432],{"class":59},[53,49475,64],{"class":63},[53,49477,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49479,121],{"class":67},[53,49481,224],{"class":117},[53,49483,130],{"class":67},[53,49485,49486,49488,49490,49492],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,49487,1058],{"class":136},[53,49489,121],{"class":67},[53,49491,1800],{"class":117},[53,49493,130],{"class":67},[20,49495,388],{},[44,49497,49498],{"className":46,"code":46156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49499,49500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49501,49502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49503,46156],{"class":333},[20,49505,49506],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1418,49508,49510],{"id":49509},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[44,49512,49514],{"className":46,"code":49513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49515,49516,49540,49544,49560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49517,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49519,2006],{"class":59},[53,49521,64],{"class":63},[53,49523,10041],{"class":67},[53,49525,72],{"class":71},[53,49527,7220],{"class":75},[53,49529,72],{"class":71},[53,49531,171],{"class":67},[53,49533,84],{"class":71},[53,49535,12432],{"class":75},[53,49537,72],{"class":71},[53,49539,8860],{"class":67},[53,49541,49542],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49543,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49545,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49547,1042],{"class":1041},[53,49549,49155],{"class":136},[53,49551,121],{"class":67},[53,49553,224],{"class":117},[53,49555,81],{"class":67},[53,49557,8721],{"class":1320},[53,49559,7891],{"class":67},[53,49561,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49563,1058],{"class":136},[53,49565,121],{"class":67},[53,49567,224],{"class":117},[53,49569,1226],{"class":67},[53,49571,72],{"class":71},[53,49573,7220],{"class":75},[53,49575,72],{"class":71},[53,49577,3449],{"class":67},[20,49579,388],{},[44,49581,49583],{"className":46,"code":49582,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n",[15,49584,49585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49586,49587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49588,49582],{"class":59},[20,49590,49591,49592,49594],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49593,2565],{}," messages later.",[39,49596,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,49598,49600,49601,1175,49604],{"id":49599},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49602,49603],{},"\"int\"",[15,49605,1750],{},[20,49607,1209],{},[44,49609,49611],{"className":46,"code":49610,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49612,49613,49621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49614,49615,49617,49619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49616,2006],{"class":59},[53,49618,64],{"class":63},[53,49620,2145],{"class":333},[53,49622,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633,49635,49637,49639,49641],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49624,137],{"class":136},[53,49626,121],{"class":67},[53,49628,48417],{"class":136},[53,49630,121],{"class":67},[53,49632,224],{"class":117},[53,49634,81],{"class":67},[53,49636,84],{"class":71},[53,49638,1750],{"class":75},[53,49640,72],{"class":71},[53,49642,628],{"class":67},[20,49644,49645,49647],{},[15,49646,49603],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49649,1183],{},[44,49651,49652],{"className":46,"code":49061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49653,49654,49662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49655,49656,49658,49660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49657,2006],{"class":59},[53,49659,64],{"class":63},[53,49661,2145],{"class":333},[53,49663,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49665,137],{"class":136},[53,49667,121],{"class":67},[53,49669,48417],{"class":136},[53,49671,121],{"class":67},[53,49673,224],{"class":117},[53,49675,81],{"class":67},[53,49677,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49679,628],{"class":67},[1418,49681,49683],{"id":49682},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49685,1209],{},[44,49687,49689],{"className":46,"code":49688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49690,49691,49699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49692,49693,49695,49697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49694,2006],{"class":59},[53,49696,64],{"class":63},[53,49698,34388],{"class":333},[53,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49702,137],{"class":136},[53,49704,121],{"class":67},[53,49706,48417],{"class":136},[53,49708,121],{"class":67},[53,49710,224],{"class":117},[53,49712,81],{"class":67},[53,49714,68],{"class":67},[53,49716,1750],{"class":1320},[53,49718,81],{"class":67},[53,49720,39797],{"class":1320},[53,49722,2559],{"class":67},[20,49724,49725],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49727,1183],{},[44,49729,49731],{"className":46,"code":49730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49732,49733,49741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49734,49735,49737,49739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49736,2006],{"class":59},[53,49738,64],{"class":63},[53,49740,34388],{"class":333},[53,49742,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49744,137],{"class":136},[53,49746,121],{"class":67},[53,49748,48417],{"class":136},[53,49750,121],{"class":67},[53,49752,224],{"class":117},[53,49754,81],{"class":67},[53,49756,8787],{"class":67},[53,49758,1750],{"class":1320},[53,49760,81],{"class":67},[53,49762,39797],{"class":1320},[53,49764,2472],{"class":67},[1418,49766,1139,49768,49770],{"id":49767},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49769,44349],{}," converts a value",[20,49772,18460],{},[44,49774,49776],{"className":46,"code":49775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49777,49778,49791,49809,49813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49779,49780,49782,49784,49786,49789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49781,2006],{"class":59},[53,49783,64],{"class":63},[53,49785,84],{"class":71},[53,49787,49788],{"class":75},"123",[53,49790,1032],{"class":71},[53,49792,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49794,351],{"class":59},[53,49796,64],{"class":63},[53,49798,49155],{"class":136},[53,49800,121],{"class":67},[53,49802,224],{"class":117},[53,49804,81],{"class":67},[53,49806,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49808,130],{"class":67},[53,49810,49811],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49812,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49814,49815,49817,49819,49821],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49816,137],{"class":136},[53,49818,121],{"class":67},[53,49820,383],{"class":117},[53,49822,130],{"class":67},[20,49824,388],{},[44,49826,49827],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49828,49829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49830,49831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49832,3601],{"class":3413},[20,49834,49835,49836,49839,49840,49842],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49837,49838],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49841,49788],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49844,49845,49846,1442],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49847,49848],{},"int(value)",[1418,49850,49852],{"id":49851},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49854,49855,49857],{},[15,49856,44349],{}," does not modify anything.",[44,49859,49861],{"className":46,"code":49860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49862,49863,49875,49879,49897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49864,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49866,2006],{"class":59},[53,49868,64],{"class":63},[53,49870,84],{"class":71},[53,49872,13108],{"class":75},[53,49874,1032],{"class":71},[53,49876,49877],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49878,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,49880,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49882,137],{"class":136},[53,49884,121],{"class":67},[53,49886,48417],{"class":136},[53,49888,121],{"class":67},[53,49890,224],{"class":117},[53,49892,81],{"class":67},[53,49894,48446],{"class":1320},[53,49896,628],{"class":67},[53,49898,49899,49901,49903,49905],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49900,137],{"class":136},[53,49902,121],{"class":67},[53,49904,224],{"class":117},[53,49906,130],{"class":67},[20,49908,388],{},[44,49910,49912],{"className":46,"code":49911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n100\n",[15,49913,49914,49918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49915,49916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49917,3540],{"class":3413},[53,49919,49920],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49921,46804],{"class":333},[20,49923,49924],{},"The value stays the same.",[39,49926,25487],{"id":25486},[20,49928,49929],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[44,49931,49933],{"className":46,"code":49932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49934,49935,49949,49967,49991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49936,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49938,137],{"class":136},[53,49940,121],{"class":67},[53,49942,1321],{"class":1320},[53,49944,121],{"class":67},[53,49946,224],{"class":117},[53,49948,628],{"class":67},[53,49950,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49952,137],{"class":136},[53,49954,121],{"class":67},[53,49956,48417],{"class":136},[53,49958,121],{"class":67},[53,49960,224],{"class":117},[53,49962,81],{"class":67},[53,49964,44820],{"class":1320},[53,49966,628],{"class":67},[53,49968,49969,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,49970,137],{"class":136},[53,49972,121],{"class":67},[53,49974,48417],{"class":136},[53,49976,121],{"class":67},[53,49978,224],{"class":117},[53,49980,81],{"class":67},[53,49982,8787],{"class":67},[53,49984,1750],{"class":1320},[53,49986,81],{"class":67},[53,49988,39797],{"class":1320},[53,49990,2472],{"class":67},[53,49992,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,49994,137],{"class":136},[53,49996,121],{"class":67},[53,49998,41321],{"class":136},[53,50000,121],{"class":67},[53,50002,224],{"class":117},[53,50004,628],{"class":67},[20,50006,50007],{},"These can help when:",[173,50009,50010,50013,50018,50021],{},[176,50011,50012],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[176,50014,50015,50016],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50017,2565],{},[176,50019,50020],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[176,50022,50023,50024,50026],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50025,44349],{}," is invalid",[20,50028,50029],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[173,50031,50032,50046,50052,50057],{},[176,50033,50034,50035,2438,50038,50041,50042,2438,50044],{},"using ",[15,50036,50037],{},"'int'",[15,50039,50040],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50043,1750],{},[15,50045,3005],{},[176,50047,50048,50049,50051],{},"expecting ",[15,50050,44349],{}," to convert a value",[176,50053,50034,50054,50056],{},[15,50055,1862],{}," when inherited types should also match",[176,50058,50059],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50061,50062,50063,37],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[195,50064,50066,50067],{"href":50065},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50068,50069],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[39,50071,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,50073,1421,50075,1424],{"id":50074},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50076,44349],{},[20,50078,4701,50079,50081,50082,37],{},[15,50080,3167],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50083,3234],{},[1418,50085,1446,50087,50089],{"id":50086},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50088,44349],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50091,50092,50093,37],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50094,50095],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1418,50097,4731,50099,667,50101,1459],{"id":50098},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50100,44349],{},[15,50102,1862],{},[20,50104,50105,50107,50108,50110],{},[15,50106,1862],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50109,44349],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1418,50112,1431,50114,50116],{"id":50113},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50115,44349],{}," convert a value?",[20,50118,50119],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[39,50121,1471],{"id":1470},[173,50123,50124,50130,50134,50139,50144],{},[176,50125,50126],{},[195,50127,3138,50128,3071],{"href":1859},[15,50129,1862],{},[176,50131,50132],{},[195,50133,44341],{"href":48520},[176,50135,50136],{},[195,50137,50138],{"href":2522},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[176,50140,50141],{},[195,50142,50143],{"href":48523},"What is a data type in Python?",[176,50145,50146],{},[195,50147,50066,50148],{"href":50065},[15,50149,50069],{},[1494,50151,50152],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":50154},[50155,50156,50158,50161,50165,50166,50171,50177,50185,50186,50196],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":48459,"depth":104,"text":50157},"What isinstance() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":50159},[50160],{"id":48551,"depth":133,"text":48552},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025,"children":50162},[50163,50164],{"id":48639,"depth":133,"text":48640},{"id":48710,"depth":133,"text":48711},{"id":48797,"depth":104,"text":48798},{"id":48994,"depth":104,"text":50167,"children":50168},"isinstance() vs type()",[50169,50170],{"id":49010,"depth":133,"text":49013},{"id":49052,"depth":133,"text":49055},{"id":49113,"depth":104,"text":49114,"children":50172},[50173,50174,50175,50176],{"id":49122,"depth":133,"text":49123},{"id":49304,"depth":133,"text":49305},{"id":49431,"depth":133,"text":49432},{"id":49509,"depth":133,"text":49510},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":50178},[50179,50181,50182,50184],{"id":49599,"depth":133,"text":50180},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49682,"depth":133,"text":49683},{"id":49767,"depth":133,"text":50183},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49851,"depth":133,"text":49852},{"id":25486,"depth":104,"text":25487},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":50187},[50188,50190,50192,50194],{"id":50074,"depth":133,"text":50189},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50086,"depth":133,"text":50191},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50098,"depth":133,"text":50193},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50113,"depth":133,"text":50195},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48360,"description":50197},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50203,"title":50204,"body":50205,"description":52177,"extension":1524,"meta":52178,"navigation":372,"path":52179,"seo":52180,"stem":52181,"__hash__":52182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50206,"toc":52152},[50207,50210,50215,50220,50234,50237,50239,50314,50319,50323,50328,50331,50345,50347,50513,50526,50528,50530,50545,50548,50551,50564,50566,50664,50668,50674,50677,50686,50688,50723,50728,50749,50754,50759,50791,50794,50851,50855,50861,50864,50917,50919,50959,50962,51030,51033,51084,51090,51094,51100,51185,51191,51197,51246,51249,51252,51302,51304,51309,51313,51363,51367,51414,51418,51495,51499,51564,51567,51571,51576,51581,51593,51595,51614,51620,51623,51642,51647,51674,51681,51685,51691,51694,51789,51792,51795,51844,51849,51851,51855,51890,51893,51950,51960,51963,51997,52000,52002,52006,52009,52013,52016,52020,52023,52027,52040,52044,52049,52051,52101,52113,52115,52149],[10,50208,50204],{"id":50209},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50211,8673,50212,50214],{},[15,50213,41903],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50216,34952,50217,50219],{},[15,50218,41903],{}," to count:",[173,50221,50222,50225,50228,50231],{},[176,50223,50224],{},"characters in a string",[176,50226,50227],{},"items in a list or tuple",[176,50229,50230],{},"keys in a dictionary",[176,50232,50233],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50235,50236],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[39,50238,1566],{"id":1565},[44,50240,50242],{"className":46,"code":50241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50243,50244,50256,50276,50280,50297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50245,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50247,34233],{"class":59},[53,50249,64],{"class":63},[53,50251,84],{"class":71},[53,50253,3406],{"class":75},[53,50255,1032],{"class":71},[53,50257,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50259,60],{"class":59},[53,50261,64],{"class":63},[53,50263,68],{"class":67},[53,50265,334],{"class":333},[53,50267,81],{"class":67},[53,50269,339],{"class":333},[53,50271,81],{"class":67},[53,50273,344],{"class":333},[53,50275,101],{"class":67},[53,50277,50278],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,50279,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,50281,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,50283,137],{"class":136},[53,50285,121],{"class":67},[53,50287,10711],{"class":136},[53,50289,121],{"class":67},[53,50291,34254],{"class":117},[53,50293,762],{"class":67},[53,50295,50296],{"class":148},"   # 5\n",[53,50298,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,50300,137],{"class":136},[53,50302,121],{"class":67},[53,50304,10711],{"class":136},[53,50306,121],{"class":67},[53,50308,956],{"class":117},[53,50310,762],{"class":67},[53,50312,50313],{"class":148},"  # 3\n",[20,50315,152,50316,50318],{},[15,50317,41903],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[39,50320,50322],{"id":50321},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50324,50325,50327],{},[15,50326,41903],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50329,50330],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[173,50332,50333,50336,50339,50342],{},[176,50334,50335],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[176,50337,50338],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[176,50340,50341],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[176,50343,50344],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50346,316],{},[44,50348,50350],{"className":46,"code":50349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50351,50352,50364,50389,50421,50441,50445,50462,50479,50496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50353,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50355,7426],{"class":59},[53,50357,64],{"class":63},[53,50359,84],{"class":71},[53,50361,7229],{"class":75},[53,50363,1032],{"class":71},[53,50365,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384,50387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50367,326],{"class":59},[53,50369,64],{"class":63},[53,50371,68],{"class":67},[53,50373,334],{"class":333},[53,50375,81],{"class":67},[53,50377,339],{"class":333},[53,50379,81],{"class":67},[53,50381,344],{"class":333},[53,50383,81],{"class":67},[53,50385,50386],{"class":333}," 40",[53,50388,101],{"class":67},[53,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,50392,8716],{"class":59},[53,50394,64],{"class":63},[53,50396,10041],{"class":67},[53,50398,72],{"class":71},[53,50400,195],{"class":75},[53,50402,72],{"class":71},[53,50404,171],{"class":67},[53,50406,821],{"class":333},[53,50408,81],{"class":67},[53,50410,84],{"class":71},[53,50412,704],{"class":75},[53,50414,72],{"class":71},[53,50416,171],{"class":67},[53,50418,790],{"class":333},[53,50420,8860],{"class":67},[53,50422,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,50424,3383],{"class":59},[53,50426,64],{"class":63},[53,50428,10041],{"class":67},[53,50430,1698],{"class":333},[53,50432,81],{"class":67},[53,50434,37187],{"class":333},[53,50436,81],{"class":67},[53,50438,5545],{"class":333},[53,50440,8860],{"class":67},[53,50442,50443],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,50444,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,50448,137],{"class":136},[53,50450,121],{"class":67},[53,50452,10711],{"class":136},[53,50454,121],{"class":67},[53,50456,7220],{"class":117},[53,50458,762],{"class":67},[53,50460,50461],{"class":148},"     # 3\n",[53,50463,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,50465,137],{"class":136},[53,50467,121],{"class":67},[53,50469,10711],{"class":136},[53,50471,121],{"class":67},[53,50473,3209],{"class":117},[53,50475,762],{"class":67},[53,50477,50478],{"class":148},"  # 4\n",[53,50480,50481,50483,50485,50487,50489,50491,50493],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,50482,137],{"class":136},[53,50484,121],{"class":67},[53,50486,10711],{"class":136},[53,50488,121],{"class":67},[53,50490,8755],{"class":117},[53,50492,762],{"class":67},[53,50494,50495],{"class":148},"     # 2\n",[53,50497,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,50499,137],{"class":136},[53,50501,121],{"class":67},[53,50503,10711],{"class":136},[53,50505,121],{"class":67},[53,50507,4911],{"class":117},[53,50509,762],{"class":67},[53,50511,50512],{"class":148},"   # 3\n",[20,50514,50515,50516,891,50520,894,50524,37],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[195,50517,50519],{"href":50518},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[195,50521,50523],{"href":50522},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[195,50525,8706],{"href":8705},[39,50527,202],{"id":201},[20,50529,1721],{},[44,50531,50533],{"className":46,"code":50532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(object)\n",[15,50534,50535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50536,50537,50539,50541,50543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50538,10711],{"class":136},[53,50540,121],{"class":67},[53,50542,41941],{"class":1320},[53,50544,130],{"class":67},[20,50546,50547],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50549,50550],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[173,50552,50553,50555,50557,50559,50561],{},[176,50554,37451],{},[176,50556,37445],{},[176,50558,37448],{},[176,50560,37454],{},[176,50562,50563],{},"a dictionary",[20,50565,316],{},[44,50567,50569],{"className":46,"code":50568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50570,50571,50592,50616,50638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50572,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50574,137],{"class":136},[53,50576,121],{"class":67},[53,50578,10711],{"class":136},[53,50580,121],{"class":67},[53,50582,72],{"class":71},[53,50584,48],{"class":75},[53,50586,72],{"class":71},[53,50588,762],{"class":67},[53,50590,50591],{"class":148},"      # 6\n",[53,50593,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50595,137],{"class":136},[53,50597,121],{"class":67},[53,50599,10711],{"class":136},[53,50601,2546],{"class":67},[53,50603,517],{"class":333},[53,50605,81],{"class":67},[53,50607,790],{"class":333},[53,50609,81],{"class":67},[53,50611,1269],{"class":333},[53,50613,4292],{"class":67},[53,50615,50461],{"class":148},[53,50617,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50635],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,50619,137],{"class":136},[53,50621,121],{"class":67},[53,50623,10711],{"class":136},[53,50625,5062],{"class":67},[53,50627,334],{"class":333},[53,50629,81],{"class":67},[53,50631,339],{"class":333},[53,50633,50634],{"class":67},")))",[53,50636,50637],{"class":148},"      # 2\n",[53,50639,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50661],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,50641,137],{"class":136},[53,50643,121],{"class":67},[53,50645,10711],{"class":136},[53,50647,5081],{"class":67},[53,50649,72],{"class":71},[53,50651,1735],{"class":75},[53,50653,72],{"class":71},[53,50655,171],{"class":67},[53,50657,821],{"class":333},[53,50659,50660],{"class":67},"}))",[53,50662,50663],{"class":148},"      # 1\n",[39,50665,50667],{"id":50666},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50669,50670,50671,50673],{},"When you use ",[15,50672,41903],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50675,50676],{},"That includes:",[173,50678,50679,50681,50683],{},[176,50680,747],{},[176,50682,10002],{},[176,50684,50685],{},"punctuation",[20,50687,316],{},[44,50689,50691],{"className":46,"code":50690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50692,50693,50706],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50694,50695,50697,50699,50701,50704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50696,34233],{"class":59},[53,50698,64],{"class":63},[53,50700,84],{"class":71},[53,50702,50703],{"class":75},"Hi there!",[53,50705,1032],{"class":71},[53,50707,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50709,137],{"class":136},[53,50711,121],{"class":67},[53,50713,10711],{"class":136},[53,50715,121],{"class":67},[53,50717,34254],{"class":117},[53,50719,762],{"class":67},[53,50721,50722],{"class":148},"  # 9\n",[20,50724,50725,50726,1459],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50727,1706],{},[173,50729,50730,50736,50740,50743],{},[176,50731,50732,50735],{},[15,50733,50734],{},"H"," = 1",[176,50737,50738,50735],{},[15,50739,35697],{},[176,50741,50742],{},"space = 1",[176,50744,50745,50748],{},[15,50746,50747],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50750,50751,50752],{},"Total: ",[15,50753,1706],{},[20,50755,50756,50757,171],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50758,187],{},[44,50760,50762],{"className":46,"code":50761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50763,50764,50773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50765,50766,50769,50771],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50767,50768],{"class":59},"empty_text ",[53,50770,64],{"class":63},[53,50772,7431],{"class":71},[53,50774,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50786,50788],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50776,137],{"class":136},[53,50778,121],{"class":67},[53,50780,10711],{"class":136},[53,50782,121],{"class":67},[53,50784,50785],{"class":117},"empty_text",[53,50787,762],{"class":67},[53,50789,50790],{"class":148},"  # 0\n",[20,50792,50793],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[44,50795,50797],{"className":46,"code":50796,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50798,50799,50812,50816,50836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50800,50801,50804,50806,50808,50810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50802,50803],{"class":59},"user_name ",[53,50805,64],{"class":63},[53,50807,84],{"class":71},[53,50809,4558],{"class":75},[53,50811,1032],{"class":71},[53,50813,50814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50815,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,50817,50818,50820,50822,50824,50827,50829,50832,50834],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,50819,1042],{"class":1041},[53,50821,37928],{"class":136},[53,50823,121],{"class":67},[53,50825,50826],{"class":117},"user_name",[53,50828,145],{"class":67},[53,50830,50831],{"class":63}," >=",[53,50833,1269],{"class":333},[53,50835,1053],{"class":67},[53,50837,50838,50840,50842,50844,50847,50849],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,50839,1058],{"class":136},[53,50841,121],{"class":67},[53,50843,72],{"class":71},[53,50845,50846],{"class":75},"Name is long enough",[53,50848,72],{"class":71},[53,50850,130],{"class":67},[39,50852,50854],{"id":50853},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50856,50857,50858,50860],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50859,41903],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50862,50863],{},"Example with a list:",[44,50865,50867],{"className":46,"code":50866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50868,50869,50901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50870,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50872,561],{"class":59},[53,50874,64],{"class":63},[53,50876,68],{"class":67},[53,50878,72],{"class":71},[53,50880,570],{"class":75},[53,50882,72],{"class":71},[53,50884,81],{"class":67},[53,50886,84],{"class":71},[53,50888,596],{"class":75},[53,50890,72],{"class":71},[53,50892,81],{"class":67},[53,50894,84],{"class":71},[53,50896,579],{"class":75},[53,50898,72],{"class":71},[53,50900,101],{"class":67},[53,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50904,137],{"class":136},[53,50906,121],{"class":67},[53,50908,10711],{"class":136},[53,50910,121],{"class":67},[53,50912,613],{"class":117},[53,50914,762],{"class":67},[53,50916,50313],{"class":148},[20,50918,37460],{},[44,50920,50922],{"className":46,"code":50921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50923,50924,50941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50925,50926,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50927,50928],{"class":59},"point ",[53,50930,64],{"class":63},[53,50932,8787],{"class":67},[53,50934,334],{"class":333},[53,50936,81],{"class":67},[53,50938,339],{"class":333},[53,50940,130],{"class":67},[53,50942,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50954,50956],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50944,137],{"class":136},[53,50946,121],{"class":67},[53,50948,10711],{"class":136},[53,50950,121],{"class":67},[53,50952,50953],{"class":117},"point",[53,50955,762],{"class":67},[53,50957,50958],{"class":148},"  # 2\n",[20,50960,50961],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[44,50963,50965],{"className":46,"code":50964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50966,50967,50991,50995,51013],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50968,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50970,60],{"class":59},[53,50972,64],{"class":63},[53,50974,68],{"class":67},[53,50976,72],{"class":71},[53,50978,76],{"class":75},[53,50980,72],{"class":71},[53,50982,81],{"class":67},[53,50984,84],{"class":71},[53,50986,87],{"class":75},[53,50988,72],{"class":71},[53,50990,101],{"class":67},[53,50992,50993],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50994,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,50998,1042],{"class":1041},[53,51000,37928],{"class":136},[53,51002,121],{"class":67},[53,51004,956],{"class":117},[53,51006,145],{"class":67},[53,51008,37938],{"class":63},[53,51010,821],{"class":333},[53,51012,1053],{"class":67},[53,51014,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51016,1058],{"class":136},[53,51018,121],{"class":67},[53,51020,956],{"class":117},[53,51022,1226],{"class":67},[53,51024,517],{"class":333},[53,51026,19993],{"class":67},[53,51028,51029],{"class":148},"  # banana\n",[20,51031,51032],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[44,51034,51036],{"className":46,"code":51035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51037,51038,51061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51039,51040,51042,51044,51046,51049,51051,51054,51056,51059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51041,4618],{"class":59},[53,51043,64],{"class":63},[53,51045,68],{"class":67},[53,51047,51048],{"class":333},"88",[53,51050,81],{"class":67},[53,51052,51053],{"class":333}," 91",[53,51055,81],{"class":67},[53,51057,51058],{"class":333}," 75",[53,51060,101],{"class":67},[53,51062,51063,51065,51067,51069,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51064,137],{"class":136},[53,51066,121],{"class":67},[53,51068,72],{"class":71},[53,51070,51071],{"class":75},"Number of scores:",[53,51073,72],{"class":71},[53,51075,81],{"class":67},[53,51077,37928],{"class":136},[53,51079,121],{"class":67},[53,51081,15940],{"class":117},[53,51083,628],{"class":67},[20,51085,537,51086,37],{},[195,51087,51089],{"href":51088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[39,51091,51093],{"id":51092},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51095,51096,51097,51099],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51098,41903],{}," counts keys.",[44,51101,51103],{"className":46,"code":51102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51104,51105,51113,51131,51145,51161,51165,51169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51106,51107,51109,51111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51108,12415],{"class":59},[53,51110,64],{"class":63},[53,51112,11043],{"class":67},[53,51114,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127,51129],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51116,11048],{"class":71},[53,51118,7220],{"class":75},[53,51120,72],{"class":71},[53,51122,171],{"class":67},[53,51124,84],{"class":71},[53,51126,7471],{"class":75},[53,51128,72],{"class":71},[53,51130,11064],{"class":67},[53,51132,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51134,11048],{"class":71},[53,51136,8850],{"class":75},[53,51138,72],{"class":71},[53,51140,171],{"class":67},[53,51142,30487],{"class":333},[53,51144,11064],{"class":67},[53,51146,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51148,11048],{"class":71},[53,51150,19438],{"class":75},[53,51152,72],{"class":71},[53,51154,171],{"class":67},[53,51156,84],{"class":71},[53,51158,21790],{"class":75},[53,51160,1032],{"class":71},[53,51162,51163],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,51164,8860],{"class":67},[53,51166,51167],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,51168,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51170,51171,51173,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,51172,137],{"class":136},[53,51174,121],{"class":67},[53,51176,10711],{"class":136},[53,51178,121],{"class":67},[53,51180,13176],{"class":117},[53,51182,762],{"class":67},[53,51184,50313],{"class":148},[20,51186,51187,51188,51190],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51189,41903],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51192,51193,51194,51196],{},"For sets, ",[15,51195,41903],{}," counts unique items:",[44,51198,51200],{"className":46,"code":51199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51201,51202,51230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51226,51228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51205,326],{"class":59},[53,51207,64],{"class":63},[53,51209,10041],{"class":67},[53,51211,517],{"class":333},[53,51213,81],{"class":67},[53,51215,790],{"class":333},[53,51217,81],{"class":67},[53,51219,1269],{"class":333},[53,51221,81],{"class":67},[53,51223,1269],{"class":333},[53,51225,81],{"class":67},[53,51227,790],{"class":333},[53,51229,8860],{"class":67},[53,51231,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51233,137],{"class":136},[53,51235,121],{"class":67},[53,51237,10711],{"class":136},[53,51239,121],{"class":67},[53,51241,3209],{"class":117},[53,51243,762],{"class":67},[53,51245,50313],{"class":148},[20,51247,51248],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51250,51251],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[44,51253,51255],{"className":46,"code":51254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51256,51257,51265,51269,51287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51258,51259,51261,51263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51260,8716],{"class":59},[53,51262,64],{"class":63},[53,51264,9389],{"class":67},[53,51266,51267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51268,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51270,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51272,1042],{"class":1041},[53,51274,37928],{"class":136},[53,51276,121],{"class":67},[53,51278,8755],{"class":117},[53,51280,145],{"class":67},[53,51282,5960],{"class":63},[53,51284,3394],{"class":333},[53,51286,1053],{"class":67},[53,51288,51289,51291,51293,51295,51298,51300],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51290,1058],{"class":136},[53,51292,121],{"class":67},[53,51294,72],{"class":71},[53,51296,51297],{"class":75},"The dictionary is empty",[53,51299,72],{"class":71},[53,51301,130],{"class":67},[39,51303,40587],{"id":40586},[20,51305,51306,51307,37],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51308,41903],{},[1418,51310,51312],{"id":51311},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[44,51314,51316],{"className":46,"code":51315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51317,51318,51326,51330,51348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51319,51320,51322,51324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51321,60],{"class":59},[53,51323,64],{"class":63},[53,51325,7388],{"class":67},[53,51327,51328],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51329,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51331,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51333,1042],{"class":1041},[53,51335,37928],{"class":136},[53,51337,121],{"class":67},[53,51339,956],{"class":117},[53,51341,145],{"class":67},[53,51343,5960],{"class":63},[53,51345,3394],{"class":333},[53,51347,1053],{"class":67},[53,51349,51350,51352,51354,51356,51359,51361],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51351,1058],{"class":136},[53,51353,121],{"class":67},[53,51355,72],{"class":71},[53,51357,51358],{"class":75},"The list is empty",[53,51360,72],{"class":71},[53,51362,130],{"class":67},[1418,51364,51366],{"id":51365},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[44,51368,51370],{"className":46,"code":51369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51371,51372,51391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51373,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51387,51389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51375,5706],{"class":59},[53,51377,64],{"class":63},[53,51379,7792],{"class":136},[53,51381,121],{"class":67},[53,51383,72],{"class":71},[53,51385,51386],{"class":75},"Enter a word: ",[53,51388,72],{"class":71},[53,51390,130],{"class":67},[53,51392,51393,51395,51397,51399,51402,51404,51406,51408,51410,51412],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51394,137],{"class":136},[53,51396,121],{"class":67},[53,51398,72],{"class":71},[53,51400,51401],{"class":75},"Number of characters:",[53,51403,72],{"class":71},[53,51405,81],{"class":67},[53,51407,37928],{"class":136},[53,51409,121],{"class":67},[53,51411,37933],{"class":117},[53,51413,628],{"class":67},[1418,51415,51417],{"id":51416},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[44,51419,51421],{"className":46,"code":51420,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51422,51423,51437,51441,51459,51474,51480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51424,51425,51428,51430,51432,51435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51426,51427],{"class":59},"password ",[53,51429,64],{"class":63},[53,51431,84],{"class":71},[53,51433,51434],{"class":75},"secret123",[53,51436,1032],{"class":71},[53,51438,51439],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51440,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51442,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51444,1042],{"class":1041},[53,51446,37928],{"class":136},[53,51448,121],{"class":67},[53,51450,17168],{"class":117},[53,51452,145],{"class":67},[53,51454,50831],{"class":63},[53,51456,5912],{"class":333},[53,51458,1053],{"class":67},[53,51460,51461,51463,51465,51467,51470,51472],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51462,1058],{"class":136},[53,51464,121],{"class":67},[53,51466,72],{"class":71},[53,51468,51469],{"class":75},"Password length is valid",[53,51471,72],{"class":71},[53,51473,130],{"class":67},[53,51475,51476,51478],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,51477,1079],{"class":1041},[53,51479,1053],{"class":67},[53,51481,51482,51484,51486,51488,51491,51493],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,51483,1058],{"class":136},[53,51485,121],{"class":67},[53,51487,72],{"class":71},[53,51489,51490],{"class":75},"Password is too short",[53,51492,72],{"class":71},[53,51494,130],{"class":67},[1418,51496,51498],{"id":51497},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[44,51500,51502],{"className":46,"code":51501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51503,51504,51540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51505,51506,51509,51511,51513,51515,51518,51520,51522,51524,51527,51529,51531,51533,51536,51538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51507,51508],{"class":59},"results ",[53,51510,64],{"class":63},[53,51512,68],{"class":67},[53,51514,72],{"class":71},[53,51516,51517],{"class":75},"item1",[53,51519,72],{"class":71},[53,51521,81],{"class":67},[53,51523,84],{"class":71},[53,51525,51526],{"class":75},"item2",[53,51528,72],{"class":71},[53,51530,81],{"class":67},[53,51532,84],{"class":71},[53,51534,51535],{"class":75},"item3",[53,51537,72],{"class":71},[53,51539,101],{"class":67},[53,51541,51542,51544,51546,51548,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51562],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51543,137],{"class":136},[53,51545,121],{"class":67},[53,51547,72],{"class":71},[53,51549,51550],{"class":75},"Items found:",[53,51552,72],{"class":71},[53,51554,81],{"class":67},[53,51556,37928],{"class":136},[53,51558,121],{"class":67},[53,51560,51561],{"class":117},"results",[53,51563,628],{"class":67},[20,51565,51566],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[39,51568,51570],{"id":51569},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51572,51573,51575],{},[15,51574,41903],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51577,51578,51579,171],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51580,2565],{},[173,51582,51583,51586,51589],{},[176,51584,51585],{},"plain integers",[176,51587,51588],{},"floats",[176,51590,51591],{},[15,51592,3338],{},[20,51594,316],{},[44,51596,51598],{"className":46,"code":51597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51599,51600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51603,137],{"class":136},[53,51605,121],{"class":67},[53,51607,10711],{"class":136},[53,51609,121],{"class":67},[53,51611,1698],{"class":333},[53,51613,628],{"class":67},[20,51615,51616,51617,51619],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51618,1698],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51621,51622],{},"Another example:",[44,51624,51626],{"className":46,"code":51625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51627,51628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51629,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51631,137],{"class":136},[53,51633,121],{"class":67},[53,51635,10711],{"class":136},[53,51637,121],{"class":67},[53,51639,39685],{"class":333},[53,51641,628],{"class":67},[20,51643,51644,51645,171],{},"And with ",[15,51646,3338],{},[44,51648,51650],{"className":46,"code":51649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51651,51652,51660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51653,51654,51656,51658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51655,2006],{"class":59},[53,51657,64],{"class":63},[53,51659,48069],{"class":3413},[53,51661,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51663,137],{"class":136},[53,51665,121],{"class":67},[53,51667,10711],{"class":136},[53,51669,121],{"class":67},[53,51671,224],{"class":117},[53,51673,628],{"class":67},[20,51675,51676,51677,37],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[195,51678,51680],{"href":51679},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[39,51682,51684],{"id":51683},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51686,51687,51688,51690],{},"Before using ",[15,51689,41903],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51692,51693],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[44,51695,51697],{"className":46,"code":51696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51698,51699,51707,51711,51721,51735,51753,51771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51700,51701,51703,51705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51702,2006],{"class":59},[53,51704,64],{"class":63},[53,51706,48069],{"class":3413},[53,51708,51709],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51710,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51712,51713,51715,51717,51719],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51714,137],{"class":136},[53,51716,121],{"class":67},[53,51718,224],{"class":117},[53,51720,130],{"class":67},[53,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51724,137],{"class":136},[53,51726,121],{"class":67},[53,51728,1321],{"class":1320},[53,51730,121],{"class":67},[53,51732,224],{"class":117},[53,51734,628],{"class":67},[53,51736,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,51738,137],{"class":136},[53,51740,121],{"class":67},[53,51742,48417],{"class":136},[53,51744,121],{"class":67},[53,51746,224],{"class":117},[53,51748,81],{"class":67},[53,51750,48446],{"class":1320},[53,51752,628],{"class":67},[53,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,51756,137],{"class":136},[53,51758,121],{"class":67},[53,51760,48417],{"class":136},[53,51762,121],{"class":67},[53,51764,224],{"class":117},[53,51766,81],{"class":67},[53,51768,22105],{"class":1320},[53,51770,628],{"class":67},[53,51772,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,51774,137],{"class":136},[53,51776,121],{"class":67},[53,51778,48417],{"class":136},[53,51780,121],{"class":67},[53,51782,224],{"class":117},[53,51784,81],{"class":67},[53,51786,8721],{"class":1320},[53,51788,628],{"class":67},[20,51790,51791],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51793,51794],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[44,51796,51798],{"className":46,"code":51797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51799,51800,51812,51816,51830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51801,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51803,2006],{"class":59},[53,51805,64],{"class":63},[53,51807,84],{"class":71},[53,51809,3406],{"class":75},[53,51811,1032],{"class":71},[53,51813,51814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51815,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,51817,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,51819,1042],{"class":1041},[53,51821,21129],{"class":59},[53,51823,11745],{"class":63},[53,51825,7649],{"class":63},[53,51827,3414],{"class":3413},[53,51829,1053],{"class":67},[53,51831,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,51833,1058],{"class":136},[53,51835,121],{"class":67},[53,51837,10711],{"class":136},[53,51839,121],{"class":67},[53,51841,224],{"class":117},[53,51843,628],{"class":67},[20,51845,51846,51847,37],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[195,51848,7990],{"href":1859},[39,51850,2389],{"id":2388},[20,51852,22640,51853,171],{},[15,51854,41903],{},[173,51856,51857,51865,51873,51881,51887],{},[176,51858,664,51859,51861,51862],{},[15,51860,41903],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51863,51864],{},"len(5)",[176,51866,664,51867,51869,51870],{},[15,51868,41903],{}," on a float like ",[15,51871,51872],{},"len(3.14)",[176,51874,664,51875,51877,51878,51880],{},[15,51876,41903],{}," on ",[15,51879,3338],{}," after a function returns nothing",[176,51882,4136,51883,51886],{},[15,51884,51885],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[176,51888,51889],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51891,51892],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[44,51894,51896],{"className":46,"code":51895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51897,51898,51934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928,51930,51932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51901,12754],{"class":59},[53,51903,64],{"class":63},[53,51905,10041],{"class":67},[53,51907,72],{"class":71},[53,51909,7220],{"class":75},[53,51911,72],{"class":71},[53,51913,171],{"class":67},[53,51915,84],{"class":71},[53,51917,12432],{"class":75},[53,51919,72],{"class":71},[53,51921,81],{"class":67},[53,51923,84],{"class":71},[53,51925,8850],{"class":75},[53,51927,72],{"class":71},[53,51929,171],{"class":67},[53,51931,339],{"class":333},[53,51933,8860],{"class":67},[53,51935,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51937,137],{"class":136},[53,51939,121],{"class":67},[53,51941,10711],{"class":136},[53,51943,121],{"class":67},[53,51945,16855],{"class":117},[53,51947,762],{"class":67},[53,51949,50958],{"class":148},[20,51951,37138,51952,51954,51955,667,51957,37],{},[15,51953,525],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51956,14791],{},[15,51958,51959],{},"\"age\"",[20,51961,51962],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[44,51964,51966],{"className":46,"code":51965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51967,51968,51981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51969,51970,51972,51974,51976,51979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51971,34233],{"class":59},[53,51973,64],{"class":63},[53,51975,84],{"class":71},[53,51977,51978],{"class":75},"a b",[53,51980,1032],{"class":71},[53,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51984,137],{"class":136},[53,51986,121],{"class":67},[53,51988,10711],{"class":136},[53,51990,121],{"class":67},[53,51992,34254],{"class":117},[53,51994,762],{"class":67},[53,51996,50313],{"class":148},[20,51998,51999],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[39,52001,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,52003,52005],{"id":52004},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52007,52008],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1418,52010,52012],{"id":52011},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52014,52015],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1418,52017,52019],{"id":52018},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52021,52022],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1418,52024,52026],{"id":52025},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52028,52029,52030,52032,52033,2438,52035,52037,52038,37],{},"No. Using ",[15,52031,41903],{}," on an ",[15,52034,1750],{},[15,52036,1753],{}," raises a ",[15,52039,2565],{},[1418,52041,52043],{"id":52042},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52045,7315,52046,37],{},[15,52047,52048],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52050,316],{},[44,52052,52054],{"className":46,"code":52053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52055,52056,52064,52068,52086],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52057,52058,52060,52062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52059,7858],{"class":59},[53,52061,64],{"class":63},[53,52063,7388],{"class":67},[53,52065,52066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52067,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52071,1042],{"class":1041},[53,52073,37928],{"class":136},[53,52075,121],{"class":67},[53,52077,215],{"class":117},[53,52079,145],{"class":67},[53,52081,5960],{"class":63},[53,52083,3394],{"class":333},[53,52085,1053],{"class":67},[53,52087,52088,52090,52092,52094,52097,52099],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52089,1058],{"class":136},[53,52091,121],{"class":67},[53,52093,72],{"class":71},[53,52095,52096],{"class":75},"Empty list",[53,52098,72],{"class":71},[53,52100,130],{"class":67},[20,52102,52103,52104,52106,52107,52109,52110,52112],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52105,3234],{}," in an ",[15,52108,1042],{}," statement, but ",[15,52111,41903],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[39,52114,1471],{"id":1470},[173,52116,52117,52121,52125,52129,52134,52138,52144],{},[176,52118,52119],{},[195,52120,50519],{"href":50518},[176,52122,52123],{},[195,52124,50523],{"href":50522},[176,52126,52127],{},[195,52128,8706],{"href":8705},[176,52130,52131],{},[195,52132,52133],{"href":51088},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[176,52135,52136],{},[195,52137,7990],{"href":1859},[176,52139,52140],{},[195,52141,52143],{"href":52142},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[176,52145,52146],{},[195,52147,52148],{"href":51679},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1494,52150,52151],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":52153},[52154,52155,52156,52157,52158,52159,52160,52166,52167,52168,52169,52176],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":50321,"depth":104,"text":50322},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":50666,"depth":104,"text":50667},{"id":50853,"depth":104,"text":50854},{"id":51092,"depth":104,"text":51093},{"id":40586,"depth":104,"text":40587,"children":52161},[52162,52163,52164,52165],{"id":51311,"depth":133,"text":51312},{"id":51365,"depth":133,"text":51366},{"id":51416,"depth":133,"text":51417},{"id":51497,"depth":133,"text":51498},{"id":51569,"depth":104,"text":51570},{"id":51683,"depth":104,"text":51684},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":52170},[52171,52172,52173,52174,52175],{"id":52004,"depth":133,"text":52005},{"id":52011,"depth":133,"text":52012},{"id":52018,"depth":133,"text":52019},{"id":52025,"depth":133,"text":52026},{"id":52042,"depth":133,"text":52043},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50204,"description":52177},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52184,"title":52185,"body":52186,"description":53867,"extension":1524,"meta":53868,"navigation":372,"path":53869,"seo":53870,"stem":53871,"__hash__":53872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52187,"toc":53840},[52188,52191,52204,52210,52212,52266,52271,52275,52291,52294,52308,52313,52315,52318,52337,52353,52355,52430,52432,52469,52480,52482,52485,52546,52548,52581,52584,52590,52594,52597,52722,52724,52783,52791,52844,52846,52873,52879,52889,52893,52896,52901,52953,52955,52981,52987,53041,53043,53068,53071,53095,53101,53103,53107,53109,53166,53168,53176,53178,53199,53201,53254,53256,53280,53284,53286,53325,53327,53335,53341,53345,53397,53399,53425,53433,53437,53442,53451,53453,53519,53521,53553,53557,53562,53564,53578,53581,53654,53656,53682,53684,53688,53695,53699,53706,53710,53713,53715,53768,53770,53796,53800,53809,53811,53837],[10,52189,52185],{"id":52190},"python-list-append-method",[20,52192,1541,52193,52196,52197,52200,52201,52203],{},[15,52194,52195],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52198,52199],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52202,279],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52205,52206,52207,52209],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52208,1112],{}," create a new list.",[39,52211,42],{"id":41},[44,52213,52215],{"className":46,"code":52214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52216,52217,52237,52251,52261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52218,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233,52235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52220,326],{"class":59},[53,52222,64],{"class":63},[53,52224,68],{"class":67},[53,52226,517],{"class":333},[53,52228,81],{"class":67},[53,52230,790],{"class":333},[53,52232,81],{"class":67},[53,52234,1269],{"class":333},[53,52236,101],{"class":67},[53,52238,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52240,3209],{"class":59},[53,52242,37],{"class":67},[53,52244,13103],{"class":117},[53,52246,121],{"class":67},[53,52248,2062],{"class":333},[53,52250,130],{"class":67},[53,52252,52253,52255,52257,52259],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52254,137],{"class":136},[53,52256,121],{"class":67},[53,52258,3209],{"class":117},[53,52260,130],{"class":67},[53,52262,52263],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52264,52265],{"class":148},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52267,152,52268,52270],{},[15,52269,52195],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[39,52272,52274],{"id":52273},"what-append-does","What append() does",[173,52276,52277,52282,52285,52288],{},[176,52278,52279,52281],{},[15,52280,52195],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[176,52283,52284],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[176,52286,52287],{},"It does not create a new list",[176,52289,52290],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52292,52293],{},"This means you can append:",[173,52295,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306],{},[176,52297,3209],{},[176,52299,4861],{},[176,52301,40136],{},[176,52303,4852],{},[176,52305,6802],{},[176,52307,34207],{},[20,52309,52310,52311,37],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[195,52312,198],{"href":50522},[39,52314,4983],{"id":4982},[20,52316,52317],{},"Basic form:",[44,52319,52321],{"className":46,"code":52320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52322,52323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52326,215],{"class":59},[53,52328,37],{"class":67},[53,52330,13103],{"class":117},[53,52332,121],{"class":67},[53,52334,22856],{"class":117},[53,52336,130],{"class":67},[173,52338,52339,52344,52349],{},[176,52340,52341,52343],{},[15,52342,215],{}," is the list you want to change",[176,52345,52346,52348],{},[15,52347,22856],{}," is the value or object to add",[176,52350,11462,52351],{},[15,52352,3338],{},[20,52354,316],{},[44,52356,52358],{"className":46,"code":52357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52359,52360,52384,52406,52410,52420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52361,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52363,420],{"class":59},[53,52365,64],{"class":63},[53,52367,68],{"class":67},[53,52369,72],{"class":71},[53,52371,76],{"class":75},[53,52373,72],{"class":71},[53,52375,81],{"class":67},[53,52377,84],{"class":71},[53,52379,87],{"class":75},[53,52381,72],{"class":71},[53,52383,101],{"class":67},[53,52385,52386,52388,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52387,351],{"class":59},[53,52389,64],{"class":63},[53,52391,457],{"class":59},[53,52393,37],{"class":67},[53,52395,13103],{"class":117},[53,52397,121],{"class":67},[53,52399,72],{"class":71},[53,52401,967],{"class":75},[53,52403,72],{"class":71},[53,52405,130],{"class":67},[53,52407,52408],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52409,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52411,52412,52414,52416,52418],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52413,137],{"class":136},[53,52415,121],{"class":67},[53,52417,35833],{"class":117},[53,52419,130],{"class":67},[53,52421,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,52423,137],{"class":136},[53,52425,121],{"class":67},[53,52427,383],{"class":117},[53,52429,130],{"class":67},[20,52431,388],{},[44,52433,52435],{"className":46,"code":52434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52436,52437,52465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52438,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52440,1226],{"class":67},[53,52442,2862],{"class":71},[53,52444,76],{"class":75},[53,52446,2862],{"class":71},[53,52448,81],{"class":67},[53,52450,2857],{"class":71},[53,52452,87],{"class":75},[53,52454,2862],{"class":71},[53,52456,81],{"class":67},[53,52458,2857],{"class":71},[53,52460,967],{"class":75},[53,52462,2862],{"class":71},[53,52464,101],{"class":67},[53,52466,52467],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52468,11359],{"class":3413},[20,52470,52471,52472,52474,52475,52477,52478,37],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52473,52195],{}," updates ",[15,52476,35833],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52479,3338],{},[39,52481,11025],{"id":11024},[20,52483,52484],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[44,52486,52488],{"className":46,"code":52487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52489,52490,52514,52532,52536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52491,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500,52502,52504,52506,52508,52510,52512],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52493,561],{"class":59},[53,52495,64],{"class":63},[53,52497,68],{"class":67},[53,52499,72],{"class":71},[53,52501,570],{"class":75},[53,52503,72],{"class":71},[53,52505,81],{"class":67},[53,52507,84],{"class":71},[53,52509,579],{"class":75},[53,52511,72],{"class":71},[53,52513,101],{"class":67},[53,52515,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52517,613],{"class":59},[53,52519,37],{"class":67},[53,52521,13103],{"class":117},[53,52523,121],{"class":67},[53,52525,72],{"class":71},[53,52527,596],{"class":75},[53,52529,72],{"class":71},[53,52531,130],{"class":67},[53,52533,52534],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52535,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52537,52538,52540,52542,52544],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52539,137],{"class":136},[53,52541,121],{"class":67},[53,52543,613],{"class":117},[53,52545,130],{"class":67},[20,52547,388],{},[44,52549,52551],{"className":46,"code":52550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52552,52553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52554,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575,52577,52579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52556,1226],{"class":67},[53,52558,2862],{"class":71},[53,52560,570],{"class":75},[53,52562,2862],{"class":71},[53,52564,81],{"class":67},[53,52566,2857],{"class":71},[53,52568,579],{"class":75},[53,52570,2862],{"class":71},[53,52572,81],{"class":67},[53,52574,2857],{"class":71},[53,52576,596],{"class":75},[53,52578,2862],{"class":71},[53,52580,101],{"class":67},[20,52582,52583],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52585,30627,52586,37],{},[195,52587,52589],{"href":52588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[39,52591,52593],{"id":52592},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52595,52596],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[44,52598,52600],{"className":46,"code":52599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52601,52602,52610,52614,52628,52646,52660,52686,52708,52712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52603,52604,52606,52608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52605,60],{"class":59},[53,52607,64],{"class":63},[53,52609,7388],{"class":67},[53,52611,52612],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52613,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52615,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52617,956],{"class":59},[53,52619,37],{"class":67},[53,52621,13103],{"class":117},[53,52623,121],{"class":67},[53,52625,334],{"class":333},[53,52627,130],{"class":67},[53,52629,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638,52640,52642,52644],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52631,956],{"class":59},[53,52633,37],{"class":67},[53,52635,13103],{"class":117},[53,52637,121],{"class":67},[53,52639,72],{"class":71},[53,52641,3406],{"class":75},[53,52643,72],{"class":71},[53,52645,130],{"class":67},[53,52647,52648,52650,52652,52654,52656,52658],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,52649,956],{"class":59},[53,52651,37],{"class":67},[53,52653,13103],{"class":117},[53,52655,121],{"class":67},[53,52657,3167],{"class":3413},[53,52659,130],{"class":67},[53,52661,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,52663,956],{"class":59},[53,52665,37],{"class":67},[53,52667,13103],{"class":117},[53,52669,5081],{"class":67},[53,52671,72],{"class":71},[53,52673,7220],{"class":75},[53,52675,72],{"class":71},[53,52677,171],{"class":67},[53,52679,84],{"class":71},[53,52681,7229],{"class":75},[53,52683,72],{"class":71},[53,52685,30041],{"class":67},[53,52687,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,52689,956],{"class":59},[53,52691,37],{"class":67},[53,52693,13103],{"class":117},[53,52695,2546],{"class":67},[53,52697,517],{"class":333},[53,52699,81],{"class":67},[53,52701,790],{"class":333},[53,52703,81],{"class":67},[53,52705,1269],{"class":333},[53,52707,3449],{"class":67},[53,52709,52710],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,52711,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52713,52714,52716,52718,52720],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,52715,137],{"class":136},[53,52717,121],{"class":67},[53,52719,956],{"class":117},[53,52721,130],{"class":67},[20,52723,388],{},[44,52725,52727],{"className":46,"code":52726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52728,52729],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52730,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52732,1226],{"class":67},[53,52734,334],{"class":333},[53,52736,81],{"class":67},[53,52738,2857],{"class":71},[53,52740,3406],{"class":75},[53,52742,2862],{"class":71},[53,52744,81],{"class":67},[53,52746,3476],{"class":3413},[53,52748,81],{"class":67},[53,52750,10041],{"class":67},[53,52752,2862],{"class":71},[53,52754,7220],{"class":75},[53,52756,2862],{"class":71},[53,52758,171],{"class":67},[53,52760,2857],{"class":71},[53,52762,7229],{"class":75},[53,52764,2862],{"class":71},[53,52766,52767],{"class":67},"},",[53,52769,68],{"class":67},[53,52771,517],{"class":333},[53,52773,81],{"class":67},[53,52775,790],{"class":333},[53,52777,81],{"class":67},[53,52779,1269],{"class":333},[53,52781,52782],{"class":67},"]]\n",[20,52784,52785,52786,41697,52788,37],{},"A list added with ",[15,52787,52195],{},[30,52789,52790],{},"one single item",[44,52792,52794],{"className":46,"code":52793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52795,52796,52812,52830,52834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52797,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52799,326],{"class":59},[53,52801,64],{"class":63},[53,52803,68],{"class":67},[53,52805,517],{"class":333},[53,52807,81],{"class":67},[53,52809,790],{"class":333},[53,52811,101],{"class":67},[53,52813,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824,52826,52828],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52815,3209],{"class":59},[53,52817,37],{"class":67},[53,52819,13103],{"class":117},[53,52821,2546],{"class":67},[53,52823,882],{"class":333},[53,52825,81],{"class":67},[53,52827,826],{"class":333},[53,52829,3449],{"class":67},[53,52831,52832],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52833,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52835,52836,52838,52840,52842],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52837,137],{"class":136},[53,52839,121],{"class":67},[53,52841,3209],{"class":117},[53,52843,130],{"class":67},[20,52845,388],{},[44,52847,52849],{"className":46,"code":52848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52850,52851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52852,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52854,1226],{"class":67},[53,52856,517],{"class":333},[53,52858,81],{"class":67},[53,52860,790],{"class":333},[53,52862,81],{"class":67},[53,52864,68],{"class":67},[53,52866,882],{"class":333},[53,52868,81],{"class":67},[53,52870,826],{"class":333},[53,52872,52782],{"class":67},[20,52874,1846,52875,52878],{},[15,52876,52877],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52880,52881,52882,52888],{},"This is different from ",[195,52883,52885],{"href":52884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52886,52887],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[39,52890,52892],{"id":52891},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52894,52895],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1418,52897,664,52899],{"id":52898},"using-append",[15,52900,52195],{},[44,52902,52903],{"className":46,"code":52793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,52904,52905,52921,52939,52943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52906,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52908,326],{"class":59},[53,52910,64],{"class":63},[53,52912,68],{"class":67},[53,52914,517],{"class":333},[53,52916,81],{"class":67},[53,52918,790],{"class":333},[53,52920,101],{"class":67},[53,52922,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52924,3209],{"class":59},[53,52926,37],{"class":67},[53,52928,13103],{"class":117},[53,52930,2546],{"class":67},[53,52932,882],{"class":333},[53,52934,81],{"class":67},[53,52936,826],{"class":333},[53,52938,3449],{"class":67},[53,52940,52941],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,52942,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,52944,52945,52947,52949,52951],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,52946,137],{"class":136},[53,52948,121],{"class":67},[53,52950,3209],{"class":117},[53,52952,130],{"class":67},[20,52954,388],{},[44,52956,52957],{"className":46,"code":52848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,52958,52959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52960,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52962,1226],{"class":67},[53,52964,517],{"class":333},[53,52966,81],{"class":67},[53,52968,790],{"class":333},[53,52970,81],{"class":67},[53,52972,68],{"class":67},[53,52974,882],{"class":333},[53,52976,81],{"class":67},[53,52978,826],{"class":333},[53,52980,52782],{"class":67},[1418,52982,664,52984],{"id":52983},"using-extend",[15,52985,52986],{},"extend()",[44,52988,52990],{"className":46,"code":52989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52991,52992,53008,53027,53031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52993,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52995,326],{"class":59},[53,52997,64],{"class":63},[53,52999,68],{"class":67},[53,53001,517],{"class":333},[53,53003,81],{"class":67},[53,53005,790],{"class":333},[53,53007,101],{"class":67},[53,53009,53010,53012,53014,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53011,3209],{"class":59},[53,53013,37],{"class":67},[53,53015,53016],{"class":117},"extend",[53,53018,2546],{"class":67},[53,53020,882],{"class":333},[53,53022,81],{"class":67},[53,53024,826],{"class":333},[53,53026,3449],{"class":67},[53,53028,53029],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53030,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53032,53033,53035,53037,53039],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53034,137],{"class":136},[53,53036,121],{"class":67},[53,53038,3209],{"class":117},[53,53040,130],{"class":67},[20,53042,388],{},[44,53044,53046],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53047,53048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53049,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53051,1226],{"class":67},[53,53053,517],{"class":333},[53,53055,81],{"class":67},[53,53057,790],{"class":333},[53,53059,81],{"class":67},[53,53061,1269],{"class":333},[53,53063,81],{"class":67},[53,53065,826],{"class":333},[53,53067,101],{"class":67},[20,53069,53070],{},"The difference:",[173,53072,53073,53079,53085,53090],{},[176,53074,53075,53078],{},[15,53076,53077],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[176,53080,53081,53084],{},[15,53082,53083],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[176,53086,152,53087,53089],{},[15,53088,52195],{}," for one item",[176,53091,152,53092,53094],{},[15,53093,52986],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53096,53097,53098,37],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[195,53099,53100],{"href":52884},"Python list extend() method",[39,53102,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,53104,53106],{"id":53105},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53108,25236],{},[44,53110,53112],{"className":46,"code":53111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53113,53114,53134,53152,53156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53115,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53117,60],{"class":59},[53,53119,64],{"class":63},[53,53121,68],{"class":67},[53,53123,517],{"class":333},[53,53125,81],{"class":67},[53,53127,790],{"class":333},[53,53129,81],{"class":67},[53,53131,1269],{"class":333},[53,53133,101],{"class":67},[53,53135,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148,53150],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53137,60],{"class":59},[53,53139,64],{"class":63},[53,53141,112],{"class":59},[53,53143,37],{"class":67},[53,53145,13103],{"class":117},[53,53147,121],{"class":67},[53,53149,2062],{"class":333},[53,53151,130],{"class":67},[53,53153,53154],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53155,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53157,53158,53160,53162,53164],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53159,137],{"class":136},[53,53161,121],{"class":67},[53,53163,956],{"class":117},[53,53165,130],{"class":67},[20,53167,388],{},[44,53169,53170],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53171,53172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53173,53174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53175,11359],{"class":3413},[20,53177,11451],{},[173,53179,53180,53185,53191],{},[176,53181,53182,53184],{},[15,53183,52195],{}," changes the list in place",[176,53186,53187,532,53189],{},[15,53188,52195],{},[15,53190,3338],{},[176,53192,528,53193,53196,53197],{},[15,53194,53195],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53198,3338],{},[20,53200,10357],{},[44,53202,53204],{"className":46,"code":53203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53205,53206,53226,53240,53244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53207,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53209,60],{"class":59},[53,53211,64],{"class":63},[53,53213,68],{"class":67},[53,53215,517],{"class":333},[53,53217,81],{"class":67},[53,53219,790],{"class":333},[53,53221,81],{"class":67},[53,53223,1269],{"class":333},[53,53225,101],{"class":67},[53,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53229,956],{"class":59},[53,53231,37],{"class":67},[53,53233,13103],{"class":117},[53,53235,121],{"class":67},[53,53237,2062],{"class":333},[53,53239,130],{"class":67},[53,53241,53242],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53243,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53245,53246,53248,53250,53252],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53247,137],{"class":136},[53,53249,121],{"class":67},[53,53251,956],{"class":117},[53,53253,130],{"class":67},[20,53255,388],{},[44,53257,53258],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53259,53260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53261,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53263,1226],{"class":67},[53,53265,517],{"class":333},[53,53267,81],{"class":67},[53,53269,790],{"class":333},[53,53271,81],{"class":67},[53,53273,1269],{"class":333},[53,53275,81],{"class":67},[53,53277,826],{"class":333},[53,53279,101],{"class":67},[1418,53281,53283],{"id":53282},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53285,18460],{},[44,53287,53289],{"className":46,"code":53288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53290,53291,53315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53292,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53294,31427],{"class":59},[53,53296,64],{"class":63},[53,53298,68],{"class":67},[53,53300,517],{"class":333},[53,53302,81],{"class":67},[53,53304,790],{"class":333},[53,53306,13100],{"class":67},[53,53308,13103],{"class":117},[53,53310,121],{"class":67},[53,53312,882],{"class":333},[53,53314,130],{"class":67},[53,53316,53317,53319,53321,53323],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53318,137],{"class":136},[53,53320,121],{"class":67},[53,53322,31446],{"class":117},[53,53324,130],{"class":67},[20,53326,388],{},[44,53328,53329],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53330,53331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53332,53333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53334,11359],{"class":3413},[20,53336,53337,53338,53340],{},"Remember: ",[15,53339,52195],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1418,53342,53344],{"id":53343},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[44,53346,53347],{"className":46,"code":52793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53348,53349,53365,53383,53387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53350,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53352,326],{"class":59},[53,53354,64],{"class":63},[53,53356,68],{"class":67},[53,53358,517],{"class":333},[53,53360,81],{"class":67},[53,53362,790],{"class":333},[53,53364,101],{"class":67},[53,53366,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53368,3209],{"class":59},[53,53370,37],{"class":67},[53,53372,13103],{"class":117},[53,53374,2546],{"class":67},[53,53376,882],{"class":333},[53,53378,81],{"class":67},[53,53380,826],{"class":333},[53,53382,3449],{"class":67},[53,53384,53385],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53386,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53388,53389,53391,53393,53395],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53390,137],{"class":136},[53,53392,121],{"class":67},[53,53394,3209],{"class":117},[53,53396,130],{"class":67},[20,53398,388],{},[44,53400,53401],{"className":46,"code":52848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53402,53403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53406,1226],{"class":67},[53,53408,517],{"class":333},[53,53410,81],{"class":67},[53,53412,790],{"class":333},[53,53414,81],{"class":67},[53,53416,68],{"class":67},[53,53418,882],{"class":333},[53,53420,81],{"class":67},[53,53422,826],{"class":333},[53,53424,52782],{"class":67},[20,53426,2730,53427,53430,53431,1442],{},[15,53428,53429],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53432,52986],{},[1418,53434,53436],{"id":53435},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53438,53439,53441],{},[15,53440,52195],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53443,53444,53445,37],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[195,53446,53448],{"href":53447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53449,53450],{},"list.insert()",[20,53452,316],{},[44,53454,53456],{"className":46,"code":53455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53457,53458,53482,53505,53509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53459,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53461,687],{"class":59},[53,53463,64],{"class":63},[53,53465,68],{"class":67},[53,53467,72],{"class":71},[53,53469,195],{"class":75},[53,53471,72],{"class":71},[53,53473,81],{"class":67},[53,53475,84],{"class":71},[53,53477,713],{"class":75},[53,53479,72],{"class":71},[53,53481,101],{"class":67},[53,53483,53484,53486,53488,53491,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53485,747],{"class":59},[53,53487,37],{"class":67},[53,53489,53490],{"class":117},"insert",[53,53492,121],{"class":67},[53,53494,517],{"class":333},[53,53496,81],{"class":67},[53,53498,84],{"class":71},[53,53500,704],{"class":75},[53,53502,72],{"class":71},[53,53504,130],{"class":67},[53,53506,53507],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53508,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53510,53511,53513,53515,53517],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53512,137],{"class":136},[53,53514,121],{"class":67},[53,53516,747],{"class":117},[53,53518,130],{"class":67},[20,53520,388],{},[44,53522,53523],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53524,53525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53526,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53528,1226],{"class":67},[53,53530,2862],{"class":71},[53,53532,195],{"class":75},[53,53534,2862],{"class":71},[53,53536,81],{"class":67},[53,53538,2857],{"class":71},[53,53540,704],{"class":75},[53,53542,2862],{"class":71},[53,53544,81],{"class":67},[53,53546,2857],{"class":71},[53,53548,713],{"class":75},[53,53550,2862],{"class":71},[53,53552,101],{"class":67},[39,53554,53556],{"id":53555},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53558,53559,53561],{},[15,53560,52195],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53563,35968],{},[173,53565,53566,53569,53572,53575],{},[176,53567,53568],{},"building a list in a loop",[176,53570,53571],{},"collecting user input",[176,53573,53574],{},"storing results step by step",[176,53576,53577],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53579,53580],{},"Example with a loop:",[44,53582,53584],{"className":46,"code":53583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53585,53586,53595,53599,53620,53639,53643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53587,53588,53591,53593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53589,53590],{"class":59},"squares ",[53,53592,64],{"class":63},[53,53594,7388],{"class":67},[53,53596,53597],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53598,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53602,5510],{"class":1041},[53,53604,5939],{"class":59},[53,53606,1048],{"class":1041},[53,53608,53609],{"class":136}," range",[53,53611,121],{"class":67},[53,53613,517],{"class":333},[53,53615,81],{"class":67},[53,53617,4162],{"class":333},[53,53619,7891],{"class":67},[53,53621,53622,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53623,53624],{"class":59},"    squares",[53,53626,37],{"class":67},[53,53628,13103],{"class":117},[53,53630,121],{"class":67},[53,53632,1778],{"class":117},[53,53634,39414],{"class":63},[53,53636,1758],{"class":117},[53,53638,130],{"class":67},[53,53640,53641],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,53642,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53644,53645,53647,53649,53652],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,53646,137],{"class":136},[53,53648,121],{"class":67},[53,53650,53651],{"class":117},"squares",[53,53653,130],{"class":67},[20,53655,388],{},[44,53657,53659],{"className":46,"code":53658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53660,53661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53662,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53676,53678,53680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53664,1226],{"class":67},[53,53666,517],{"class":333},[53,53668,81],{"class":67},[53,53670,826],{"class":333},[53,53672,81],{"class":67},[53,53674,53675],{"class":333}," 9",[53,53677,81],{"class":67},[53,53679,13538],{"class":333},[53,53681,101],{"class":67},[39,53683,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,53685,53687],{"id":53686},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53689,45909,53690,53692,53693,37],{},[15,53691,52195],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53694,3338],{},[1418,53696,53698],{"id":53697},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53700,53701,53702,37],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[195,53703,53704],{"href":52884},[15,53705,52986],{},[1418,53707,53709],{"id":53708},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53711,53712],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53714,316],{},[44,53716,53718],{"className":46,"code":53717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53719,53720,53736,53754,53758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53721,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53723,8716],{"class":59},[53,53725,64],{"class":63},[53,53727,68],{"class":67},[53,53729,517],{"class":333},[53,53731,81],{"class":67},[53,53733,790],{"class":333},[53,53735,101],{"class":67},[53,53737,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53739,8755],{"class":59},[53,53741,37],{"class":67},[53,53743,13103],{"class":117},[53,53745,2546],{"class":67},[53,53747,882],{"class":333},[53,53749,81],{"class":67},[53,53751,826],{"class":333},[53,53753,3449],{"class":67},[53,53755,53756],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53757,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,53759,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,53761,137],{"class":136},[53,53763,121],{"class":67},[53,53765,8755],{"class":117},[53,53767,130],{"class":67},[20,53769,388],{},[44,53771,53772],{"className":46,"code":52848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53773,53774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53777,1226],{"class":67},[53,53779,517],{"class":333},[53,53781,81],{"class":67},[53,53783,790],{"class":333},[53,53785,81],{"class":67},[53,53787,68],{"class":67},[53,53789,882],{"class":333},[53,53791,81],{"class":67},[53,53793,826],{"class":333},[53,53795,52782],{"class":67},[1418,53797,53799],{"id":53798},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53801,53802,53804,53805,53808],{},[15,53803,52195],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53806,53807],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[39,53810,1471],{"id":1470},[173,53812,53813,53818,53822,53827,53831],{},[176,53814,53815],{},[195,53816,53817],{"href":52588},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[176,53819,53820],{},[195,53821,53100],{"href":52884},[176,53823,53824],{},[195,53825,53826],{"href":53447},"Python list insert() method",[176,53828,53829],{},[195,53830,198],{"href":50522},[176,53832,53833],{},[195,53834,53836],{"href":53835},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1494,53838,53839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":53841},[53842,53843,53844,53845,53846,53847,53853,53859,53860,53866],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":52273,"depth":104,"text":52274},{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":52592,"depth":104,"text":52593},{"id":52891,"depth":104,"text":52892,"children":53848},[53849,53851],{"id":52898,"depth":133,"text":53850},"Using append()",{"id":52983,"depth":133,"text":53852},"Using extend()",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":53854},[53855,53856,53857,53858],{"id":53105,"depth":133,"text":53106},{"id":53282,"depth":133,"text":53283},{"id":53343,"depth":133,"text":53344},{"id":53435,"depth":133,"text":53436},{"id":53555,"depth":104,"text":53556},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":53861},[53862,53863,53864,53865],{"id":53686,"depth":133,"text":53687},{"id":53697,"depth":133,"text":53698},{"id":53708,"depth":133,"text":53709},{"id":53798,"depth":133,"text":53799},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52185,"description":53867},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53874,"title":53875,"body":53876,"description":55116,"extension":1524,"meta":55117,"navigation":372,"path":55118,"seo":55119,"stem":55120,"__hash__":55121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53877,"toc":55081},[53878,53883,53889,53895,53897,53945,53950,53955,53959,53975,53981,53983,53986,54001,54003,54014,54016,54018,54075,54077,54085,54087,54103,54107,54109,54115,54119,54203,54206,54255,54262,54270,54273,54287,54300,54306,54381,54388,54395,54469,54477,54480,54491,54500,54504,54508,54519,54521,54598,54619,54621,54631,54634,54682,54684,54705,54708,54710,54761,54767,54774,54841,54847,54853,54856,54883,54888,54894,54897,54969,54972,54983,54989,54991,54997,55000,55006,55012,55019,55027,55033,55039,55041,55078],[10,53879,13,53881,18],{"id":53880},"python-list-clear-method",[15,53882,10871],{},[20,53884,53885,53888],{},[15,53886,53887],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53890,53891,53892,53894],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,53893,10883],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[39,53896,42],{"id":41},[44,53898,53900],{"className":46,"code":53899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53901,53902,53922,53932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53905,60],{"class":59},[53,53907,64],{"class":63},[53,53909,68],{"class":67},[53,53911,517],{"class":333},[53,53913,81],{"class":67},[53,53915,790],{"class":333},[53,53917,81],{"class":67},[53,53919,1269],{"class":333},[53,53921,101],{"class":67},[53,53923,53924,53926,53928,53930],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53925,956],{"class":59},[53,53927,37],{"class":67},[53,53929,10932],{"class":117},[53,53931,8192],{"class":67},[53,53933,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,53935,137],{"class":136},[53,53937,121],{"class":67},[53,53939,956],{"class":117},[53,53941,145],{"class":67},[53,53943,53944],{"class":148},"  # []\n",[20,53946,152,53947,53949],{},[15,53948,10871],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[39,53951,163,53953,166],{"id":53952},"what-listclear-does",[15,53954,53887],{},[20,53956,53957,171],{},[15,53958,53887],{},[173,53960,53961,53964,53967,53972],{},[176,53962,53963],{},"Removes every item from a list",[176,53965,53966],{},"Changes the original list in place",[176,53968,53969,53970],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53971,3347],{},[176,53973,53974],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53976,53977,53978,53980],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53979,10871],{},", but it contains no values.",[39,53982,202],{"id":201},[20,53984,53985],{},"Syntax:",[44,53987,53989],{"className":46,"code":53988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53990,53991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53992,53993,53995,53997,53999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53994,215],{"class":59},[53,53996,37],{"class":67},[53,53998,10932],{"class":117},[53,54000,8192],{"class":67},[20,54002,11008],{},[173,54004,54005,54008,54011],{},[176,54006,54007],{},"Call it on a list object",[176,54009,54010],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[176,54012,54013],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[39,54015,11025],{"id":11024},[20,54017,11028],{},[44,54019,54021],{"className":46,"code":54020,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54022,54023,54047,54051,54061,54065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54024,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54026,326],{"class":59},[53,54028,64],{"class":63},[53,54030,68],{"class":67},[53,54032,334],{"class":333},[53,54034,81],{"class":67},[53,54036,339],{"class":333},[53,54038,81],{"class":67},[53,54040,344],{"class":333},[53,54042,81],{"class":67},[53,54044,50386],{"class":333},[53,54046,101],{"class":67},[53,54048,54049],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54050,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54052,54053,54055,54057,54059],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54054,3209],{"class":59},[53,54056,37],{"class":67},[53,54058,10932],{"class":117},[53,54060,8192],{"class":67},[53,54062,54063],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54064,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54066,54067,54069,54071,54073],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54068,137],{"class":136},[53,54070,121],{"class":67},[53,54072,3209],{"class":117},[53,54074,130],{"class":67},[20,54076,388],{},[44,54078,54079],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54080,54081],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54082,54083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54084,37839],{"class":67},[20,54086,11234],{},[173,54088,54089,54094,54100],{},[176,54090,54091,54093],{},[15,54092,3209],{}," starts with four items",[176,54095,54096,54099],{},[15,54097,54098],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[176,54101,54102],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54104,193,54105,37],{},[195,54106,198],{"href":197},[39,54108,16967],{"id":16966},[20,54110,54111,532,54113,37],{},[15,54112,10871],{},[15,54114,3338],{},[20,54116,40447,54117,52209],{},[30,54118,1112],{},[44,54120,54122],{"className":46,"code":54121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54123,54124,54156,54160,54174,54178,54191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54125,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54127,60],{"class":59},[53,54129,64],{"class":63},[53,54131,68],{"class":67},[53,54133,72],{"class":71},[53,54135,195],{"class":75},[53,54137,72],{"class":71},[53,54139,81],{"class":67},[53,54141,84],{"class":71},[53,54143,704],{"class":75},[53,54145,72],{"class":71},[53,54147,81],{"class":67},[53,54149,84],{"class":71},[53,54151,713],{"class":75},[53,54153,72],{"class":71},[53,54155,101],{"class":67},[53,54157,54158],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54159,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54161,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54163,351],{"class":59},[53,54165,64],{"class":63},[53,54167,112],{"class":59},[53,54169,37],{"class":67},[53,54171,10932],{"class":117},[53,54173,8192],{"class":67},[53,54175,54176],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54177,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54179,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54181,137],{"class":136},[53,54183,121],{"class":67},[53,54185,956],{"class":117},[53,54187,145],{"class":67},[53,54189,54190],{"class":148},"   # []\n",[53,54192,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,54194,137],{"class":136},[53,54196,121],{"class":67},[53,54198,383],{"class":117},[53,54200,145],{"class":67},[53,54202,20423],{"class":148},[20,54204,54205],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[44,54207,54209],{"className":46,"code":54208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54210,54211,54231,54245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54212,54213,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54214,60],{"class":59},[53,54216,64],{"class":63},[53,54218,68],{"class":67},[53,54220,517],{"class":333},[53,54222,81],{"class":67},[53,54224,790],{"class":333},[53,54226,81],{"class":67},[53,54228,1269],{"class":333},[53,54230,101],{"class":67},[53,54232,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54234,60],{"class":59},[53,54236,64],{"class":63},[53,54238,112],{"class":59},[53,54240,37],{"class":67},[53,54242,10932],{"class":117},[53,54244,8192],{"class":67},[53,54246,54247,54249,54251,54253],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54248,137],{"class":136},[53,54250,121],{"class":67},[53,54252,956],{"class":117},[53,54254,130],{"class":67},[20,54256,11467,54257,41697,54259,54261],{},[15,54258,956],{},[15,54260,3338],{},", not an empty list.",[39,54263,54265,54267,54268],{"id":54264},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54266,10871],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54269,3347],{},[20,54271,54272],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[44,54274,54275],{"className":46,"code":53988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54276,54277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54280,215],{"class":59},[53,54282,37],{"class":67},[53,54284,10932],{"class":117},[53,54286,8192],{"class":67},[44,54288,54290],{"className":46,"code":54289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n",[15,54291,54292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54293,54294,54296,54298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54295,7858],{"class":59},[53,54297,64],{"class":63},[53,54299,7388],{"class":67},[1418,54301,54303,54305],{"id":54302},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54304,10871],{}," empties the same list object",[44,54307,54309],{"className":46,"code":54308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54310,54311,54331,54339,54343,54353,54357,54369],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54314,2112],{"class":59},[53,54316,64],{"class":63},[53,54318,68],{"class":67},[53,54320,517],{"class":333},[53,54322,81],{"class":67},[53,54324,790],{"class":333},[53,54326,81],{"class":67},[53,54328,1269],{"class":333},[53,54330,101],{"class":67},[53,54332,54333,54335,54337],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54334,2140],{"class":59},[53,54336,64],{"class":63},[53,54338,35718],{"class":59},[53,54340,54341],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54342,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54346,195],{"class":59},[53,54348,37],{"class":67},[53,54350,10932],{"class":117},[53,54352,8192],{"class":67},[53,54354,54355],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54356,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54358,54359,54361,54363,54365,54367],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,54360,137],{"class":136},[53,54362,121],{"class":67},[53,54364,195],{"class":117},[53,54366,145],{"class":67},[53,54368,53944],{"class":148},[53,54370,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,54372,137],{"class":136},[53,54374,121],{"class":67},[53,54376,704],{"class":117},[53,54378,145],{"class":67},[53,54380,53944],{"class":148},[20,54382,10141,54383,667,54385,54387],{},[15,54384,195],{},[15,54386,704],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1418,54389,54391,54394],{"id":54390},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54392,54393],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[44,54396,54398],{"className":46,"code":54397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54399,54400,54420,54428,54432,54440,54444,54456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54401,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414,54416,54418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54403,2112],{"class":59},[53,54405,64],{"class":63},[53,54407,68],{"class":67},[53,54409,517],{"class":333},[53,54411,81],{"class":67},[53,54413,790],{"class":333},[53,54415,81],{"class":67},[53,54417,1269],{"class":333},[53,54419,101],{"class":67},[53,54421,54422,54424,54426],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54423,2140],{"class":59},[53,54425,64],{"class":63},[53,54427,35718],{"class":59},[53,54429,54430],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54431,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54433,54434,54436,54438],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54435,2112],{"class":59},[53,54437,64],{"class":63},[53,54439,7388],{"class":67},[53,54441,54442],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54443,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,54447,137],{"class":136},[53,54449,121],{"class":67},[53,54451,195],{"class":117},[53,54453,145],{"class":67},[53,54455,53944],{"class":148},[53,54457,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,54459,137],{"class":136},[53,54461,121],{"class":67},[53,54463,704],{"class":117},[53,54465,145],{"class":67},[53,54467,54468],{"class":148},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54470,20318,54471,54473,54474,54476],{},[15,54472,195],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54475,704],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54478,54479],{},"This difference matters when:",[173,54481,54482,54485,54488],{},[176,54483,54484],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[176,54486,54487],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[176,54489,54490],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54492,54493,54494,37],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[195,54495,54497,54498,660],{"href":54496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54499,12328],{},[39,54501,1391,54502],{"id":11989},[15,54503,10871],{},[20,54505,152,54506,5870],{},[15,54507,10871],{},[173,54509,54510,54513,54516],{},[176,54511,54512],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[176,54514,54515],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[176,54517,54518],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54520,316],{},[44,54522,54524],{"className":46,"code":54523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54525,54526,54562,54566,54571,54582,54586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54527,54528,54531,54533,54535,54537,54540,54542,54544,54546,54549,54551,54553,54555,54558,54560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54529,54530],{"class":59},"shopping_cart ",[53,54532,64],{"class":63},[53,54534,68],{"class":67},[53,54536,72],{"class":71},[53,54538,54539],{"class":75},"milk",[53,54541,72],{"class":71},[53,54543,81],{"class":67},[53,54545,84],{"class":71},[53,54547,54548],{"class":75},"bread",[53,54550,72],{"class":71},[53,54552,81],{"class":67},[53,54554,84],{"class":71},[53,54556,54557],{"class":75},"eggs",[53,54559,72],{"class":71},[53,54561,101],{"class":67},[53,54563,54564],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54565,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54567,54568],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54569,54570],{"class":148},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[53,54572,54573,54576,54578,54580],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54574,54575],{"class":59},"shopping_cart",[53,54577,37],{"class":67},[53,54579,10932],{"class":117},[53,54581,8192],{"class":67},[53,54583,54584],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54585,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54587,54588,54590,54592,54594,54596],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,54589,137],{"class":136},[53,54591,121],{"class":67},[53,54593,54575],{"class":117},[53,54595,145],{"class":67},[53,54597,53944],{"class":148},[20,54599,54600,54601,54605,54606,54612,54613,37],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[195,54602,54604],{"href":54603},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[195,54607,54609,660],{"href":54608},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54610,54611],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[195,54614,54616,660],{"href":54615},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54617,54618],{},"list.pop()",[39,54620,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,54622,54624,54625,1175,54628],{"id":54623},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54626,54627],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54629,54630],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54632,54633],{},"This does not call the method.",[44,54635,54637],{"className":46,"code":54636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54638,54639,54659,54663,54672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54642,60],{"class":59},[53,54644,64],{"class":63},[53,54646,68],{"class":67},[53,54648,517],{"class":333},[53,54650,81],{"class":67},[53,54652,790],{"class":333},[53,54654,81],{"class":67},[53,54656,1269],{"class":333},[53,54658,101],{"class":67},[53,54660,54661],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54662,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54664,54665,54667,54669],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54666,956],{"class":59},[53,54668,37],{"class":67},[53,54670,54671],{"class":1223},"clear\n",[53,54673,54674,54676,54678,54680],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54675,137],{"class":136},[53,54677,121],{"class":67},[53,54679,956],{"class":117},[53,54681,130],{"class":67},[20,54683,388],{},[44,54685,54687],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54688,54689],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54692,1226],{"class":67},[53,54694,517],{"class":333},[53,54696,81],{"class":67},[53,54698,790],{"class":333},[53,54700,81],{"class":67},[53,54702,1269],{"class":333},[53,54704,101],{"class":67},[20,54706,54707],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54709,10357],{},[44,54711,54713],{"className":46,"code":54712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54714,54715,54735,54739,54749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54716,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729,54731,54733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54718,60],{"class":59},[53,54720,64],{"class":63},[53,54722,68],{"class":67},[53,54724,517],{"class":333},[53,54726,81],{"class":67},[53,54728,790],{"class":333},[53,54730,81],{"class":67},[53,54732,1269],{"class":333},[53,54734,101],{"class":67},[53,54736,54737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54738,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54742,956],{"class":59},[53,54744,37],{"class":67},[53,54746,10932],{"class":117},[53,54748,8192],{"class":67},[53,54750,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54752,137],{"class":136},[53,54754,121],{"class":67},[53,54756,956],{"class":117},[53,54758,145],{"class":67},[53,54760,53944],{"class":148},[1418,54762,8001,54764,54766],{"id":54763},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54765,10871],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54768,54769,532,54771,54773],{},[15,54770,10871],{},[15,54772,3338],{},", not the list.",[44,54775,54777],{"className":46,"code":54776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54778,54779,54799,54813,54817,54829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54780,54781,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793,54795,54797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54782,60],{"class":59},[53,54784,64],{"class":63},[53,54786,68],{"class":67},[53,54788,517],{"class":333},[53,54790,81],{"class":67},[53,54792,790],{"class":333},[53,54794,81],{"class":67},[53,54796,1269],{"class":333},[53,54798,101],{"class":67},[53,54800,54801,54803,54805,54807,54809,54811],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54802,351],{"class":59},[53,54804,64],{"class":63},[53,54806,112],{"class":59},[53,54808,37],{"class":67},[53,54810,10932],{"class":117},[53,54812,8192],{"class":67},[53,54814,54815],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54816,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,54818,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54820,137],{"class":136},[53,54822,121],{"class":67},[53,54824,383],{"class":117},[53,54826,145],{"class":67},[53,54828,20423],{"class":148},[53,54830,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54832,137],{"class":136},[53,54834,121],{"class":67},[53,54836,956],{"class":117},[53,54838,145],{"class":67},[53,54840,54190],{"class":148},[1418,54842,664,54844,54846],{"id":54843},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54845,10871],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54848,54849,54850,54852],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54851,10871],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54854,54855],{},"This will fail:",[44,54857,54859],{"className":46,"code":54858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54860,54861,54873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54862,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54864,34233],{"class":59},[53,54866,64],{"class":63},[53,54868,84],{"class":71},[53,54870,3406],{"class":75},[53,54872,1032],{"class":71},[53,54874,54875,54877,54879,54881],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54876,34254],{"class":59},[53,54878,37],{"class":67},[53,54880,10932],{"class":117},[53,54882,8192],{"class":67},[20,54884,54885,54886,33145],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54887,10871],{},[20,54889,54890,54891,54893],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54892,3338],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54895,54896],{},"Useful checks:",[44,54898,54900],{"className":46,"code":54899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54901,54902,54912,54926,54940,54949,54959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54903,54904,54906,54908,54910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54905,137],{"class":136},[53,54907,121],{"class":67},[53,54909,215],{"class":117},[53,54911,130],{"class":67},[53,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54915,137],{"class":136},[53,54917,121],{"class":67},[53,54919,1321],{"class":1320},[53,54921,121],{"class":67},[53,54923,215],{"class":117},[53,54925,628],{"class":67},[53,54927,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,54929,137],{"class":136},[53,54931,121],{"class":67},[53,54933,12201],{"class":136},[53,54935,121],{"class":67},[53,54937,215],{"class":117},[53,54939,628],{"class":67},[53,54941,54942,54944,54946],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,54943,43092],{"class":59},[53,54945,64],{"class":63},[53,54947,54948],{"class":59}," my_list\n",[53,54950,54951,54953,54955,54957],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,54952,215],{"class":59},[53,54954,37],{"class":67},[53,54956,10932],{"class":117},[53,54958,8192],{"class":67},[53,54960,54961,54963,54965,54967],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,54962,137],{"class":136},[53,54964,121],{"class":67},[53,54966,30287],{"class":117},[53,54968,130],{"class":67},[20,54970,54971],{},"These can help you see:",[173,54973,54974,54977,54980],{},[176,54975,54976],{},"What the variable currently contains",[176,54978,54979],{},"Whether it is really a list",[176,54981,54982],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54984,54985,54986,37],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[195,54987,54988],{"href":53835},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[39,54990,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,54992,1431,54994,54996],{"id":54993},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54995,53887],{}," delete the list?",[20,54998,54999],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1418,55001,1431,55003,55005],{"id":55002},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55004,53887],{}," return a new list?",[20,55007,55008,55009,55011],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55010,3338],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1418,55013,4731,55015,667,55017,1459],{"id":55014},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55016,10871],{},[15,55018,54393],{},[20,55020,55021,55023,55024,55026],{},[15,55022,10871],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55025,54393],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1418,55028,27872,55030,55032],{"id":55029},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55031,10871],{}," on other types?",[20,55034,55035,55036,55038],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55037,10871],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[39,55040,1471],{"id":1470},[173,55042,55043,55047,55052,55058,55065,55071],{},[176,55044,55045],{},[195,55046,198],{"href":197},[176,55048,55049],{},[195,55050,55051],{"href":54603},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[176,55053,55054],{},[195,55055,656,55056,660],{"href":54615},[15,55057,12314],{},[176,55059,55060],{},[195,55061,656,55062,660],{"href":54608},[15,55063,55064],{},"remove()",[176,55066,55067],{},[195,55068,656,55069,660],{"href":54496},[15,55070,12328],{},[176,55072,55073],{},[195,55074,29892,55075,33178],{"href":53835},[15,55076,55077],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1494,55079,55080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":55082},[55083,55084,55086,55087,55088,55089,55096,55097,55105,55115],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":53952,"depth":104,"text":55085},"What list.clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":54264,"depth":104,"text":55090,"children":55091},"clear() vs assigning []",[55092,55094],{"id":54302,"depth":133,"text":55093},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54390,"depth":133,"text":55095},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11989,"depth":104,"text":12360},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":55098},[55099,55101,55103],{"id":54623,"depth":133,"text":55100},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54763,"depth":133,"text":55102},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54843,"depth":133,"text":55104},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":55106},[55107,55109,55111,55113],{"id":54993,"depth":133,"text":55108},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55002,"depth":133,"text":55110},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55014,"depth":133,"text":55112},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55029,"depth":133,"text":55114},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53875,"description":55116},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55123,"title":55124,"body":55125,"description":56810,"extension":1524,"meta":56811,"navigation":372,"path":56812,"seo":56813,"stem":56814,"__hash__":56815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55126,"toc":56778},[55127,55132,55138,55146,55148,55237,55244,55249,55253,55267,55269,55346,55348,55409,55412,55414,55416,55437,55440,55454,55457,55502,55504,55512,55515,55521,55527,55530,55607,55609,55654,55657,55662,55745,55747,55788,55793,55797,55803,55805,55813,55816,55909,55911,55969,55972,55988,55993,56003,56008,56010,56015,56020,56023,56025,56082,56085,56138,56144,56149,56153,56170,56172,56256,56258,56299,56307,56309,56314,56320,56322,56385,56390,56460,56464,56499,56502,56504,56543,56547,56623,56629,56635,56640,56662,56665,56684,56692,56694,56700,56703,56710,56718,56723,56726,56730,56736,56744,56747,56749,56775],[10,55128,13,55130,18],{"id":55129},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55131,12328],{},[20,55133,55134,55137],{},[15,55135,55136],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55139,55140,55141,13604,55143,55145],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55142,64],{},[30,55144,1112],{}," make a real copy.",[39,55147,1566],{"id":1565},[44,55149,55151],{"className":46,"code":55150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55152,55153,55173,55188,55192,55207,55211,55224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55154,55155,55157,55159,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55156,326],{"class":59},[53,55158,64],{"class":63},[53,55160,68],{"class":67},[53,55162,517],{"class":333},[53,55164,81],{"class":67},[53,55166,790],{"class":333},[53,55168,81],{"class":67},[53,55170,1269],{"class":333},[53,55172,101],{"class":67},[53,55174,55175,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55176,55177],{"class":59},"new_numbers ",[53,55179,64],{"class":63},[53,55181,356],{"class":59},[53,55183,37],{"class":67},[53,55185,12463],{"class":117},[53,55187,8192],{"class":67},[53,55189,55190],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55191,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55193,55194,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55195,55196],{"class":59},"new_numbers",[53,55198,37],{"class":67},[53,55200,13103],{"class":117},[53,55202,121],{"class":67},[53,55204,2062],{"class":333},[53,55206,130],{"class":67},[53,55208,55209],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,55210,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55212,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,55214,137],{"class":136},[53,55216,121],{"class":67},[53,55218,3209],{"class":117},[53,55220,145],{"class":67},[53,55222,55223],{"class":148},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[53,55225,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,55227,137],{"class":136},[53,55229,121],{"class":67},[53,55231,55196],{"class":117},[53,55233,145],{"class":67},[53,55235,55236],{"class":148},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55238,152,55239,55241,55242,37],{},[15,55240,55136],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55243,12402],{},[39,55245,163,55247,166],{"id":55246},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55248,55136],{},[20,55250,55251,171],{},[15,55252,55136],{},[173,55254,55255,55258,55261,55264],{},[176,55256,55257],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[176,55259,55260],{},"Returns that new list",[176,55262,55263],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[176,55265,55266],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55268,316],{},[44,55270,55272],{"className":46,"code":55271,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55273,55274,55306,55321,55325,55335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55275,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302,55304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55277,420],{"class":59},[53,55279,64],{"class":63},[53,55281,68],{"class":67},[53,55283,72],{"class":71},[53,55285,76],{"class":75},[53,55287,72],{"class":71},[53,55289,81],{"class":67},[53,55291,84],{"class":71},[53,55293,87],{"class":75},[53,55295,72],{"class":71},[53,55297,81],{"class":67},[53,55299,84],{"class":71},[53,55301,967],{"class":75},[53,55303,72],{"class":71},[53,55305,101],{"class":67},[53,55307,55308,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55309,55310],{"class":59},"copied_fruits ",[53,55312,64],{"class":63},[53,55314,457],{"class":59},[53,55316,37],{"class":67},[53,55318,12463],{"class":117},[53,55320,8192],{"class":67},[53,55322,55323],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55324,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55326,55327,55329,55331,55333],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55328,137],{"class":136},[53,55330,121],{"class":67},[53,55332,35833],{"class":117},[53,55334,130],{"class":67},[53,55336,55337,55339,55341,55344],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,55338,137],{"class":136},[53,55340,121],{"class":67},[53,55342,55343],{"class":117},"copied_fruits",[53,55345,130],{"class":67},[20,55347,388],{},[44,55349,55351],{"className":46,"code":55350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55352,55353,55381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55354,55355,55357,55359,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55356,1226],{"class":67},[53,55358,2862],{"class":71},[53,55360,76],{"class":75},[53,55362,2862],{"class":71},[53,55364,81],{"class":67},[53,55366,2857],{"class":71},[53,55368,87],{"class":75},[53,55370,2862],{"class":71},[53,55372,81],{"class":67},[53,55374,2857],{"class":71},[53,55376,967],{"class":75},[53,55378,2862],{"class":71},[53,55380,101],{"class":67},[53,55382,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55384,1226],{"class":67},[53,55386,2862],{"class":71},[53,55388,76],{"class":75},[53,55390,2862],{"class":71},[53,55392,81],{"class":67},[53,55394,2857],{"class":71},[53,55396,87],{"class":75},[53,55398,2862],{"class":71},[53,55400,81],{"class":67},[53,55402,2857],{"class":71},[53,55404,967],{"class":75},[53,55406,2862],{"class":71},[53,55408,101],{"class":67},[20,55410,55411],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[39,55413,202],{"id":201},[20,55415,1721],{},[44,55417,55419],{"className":46,"code":55418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55420,55421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55422,55423,55426,55428,55431,55433,55435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55424,55425],{"class":59},"new_list ",[53,55427,64],{"class":63},[53,55429,55430],{"class":59}," old_list",[53,55432,37],{"class":67},[53,55434,12463],{"class":117},[53,55436,8192],{"class":67},[20,55438,55439],{},"How it works:",[173,55441,55442,55448,55451],{},[176,55443,55444,55445,55447],{},"Call ",[15,55446,12328],{}," on an existing list",[176,55449,55450],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[176,55452,55453],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55455,55456],{},"Example with an empty list:",[44,55458,55460],{"className":46,"code":55459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55461,55462,55471,55487,55491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55463,55464,55467,55469],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55465,55466],{"class":59},"empty_list ",[53,55468,64],{"class":63},[53,55470,7388],{"class":67},[53,55472,55473,55476,55478,55481,55483,55485],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55474,55475],{"class":59},"new_empty_list ",[53,55477,64],{"class":63},[53,55479,55480],{"class":59}," empty_list",[53,55482,37],{"class":67},[53,55484,12463],{"class":117},[53,55486,8192],{"class":67},[53,55488,55489],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55490,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55492,55493,55495,55497,55500],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55494,137],{"class":136},[53,55496,121],{"class":67},[53,55498,55499],{"class":117},"new_empty_list",[53,55501,130],{"class":67},[20,55503,388],{},[44,55505,55506],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,55507,55508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55509,55510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55511,37839],{"class":67},[20,55513,55514],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[39,55516,55518,55519],{"id":55517},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55520,64],{},[20,55522,664,55523,13604,55525,52209],{},[15,55524,64],{},[30,55526,1112],{},[20,55528,55529],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[44,55531,55533],{"className":46,"code":55532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55534,55535,55555,55564,55568,55583,55587,55597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55536,55537,55539,55541,55543,55545,55547,55549,55551,55553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55538,326],{"class":59},[53,55540,64],{"class":63},[53,55542,68],{"class":67},[53,55544,517],{"class":333},[53,55546,81],{"class":67},[53,55548,790],{"class":333},[53,55550,81],{"class":67},[53,55552,1269],{"class":333},[53,55554,101],{"class":67},[53,55556,55557,55560,55562],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55558,55559],{"class":59},"same_list ",[53,55561,64],{"class":63},[53,55563,43525],{"class":59},[53,55565,55566],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55567,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55569,55570,55573,55575,55577,55579,55581],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55571,55572],{"class":59},"same_list",[53,55574,37],{"class":67},[53,55576,13103],{"class":117},[53,55578,121],{"class":67},[53,55580,2062],{"class":333},[53,55582,130],{"class":67},[53,55584,55585],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,55586,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55588,55589,55591,55593,55595],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,55590,137],{"class":136},[53,55592,121],{"class":67},[53,55594,3209],{"class":117},[53,55596,130],{"class":67},[53,55598,55599,55601,55603,55605],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,55600,137],{"class":136},[53,55602,121],{"class":67},[53,55604,55572],{"class":117},[53,55606,130],{"class":67},[20,55608,388],{},[44,55610,55612],{"className":46,"code":55611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55613,55614,55634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55615,55616,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55617,1226],{"class":67},[53,55619,517],{"class":333},[53,55621,81],{"class":67},[53,55623,790],{"class":333},[53,55625,81],{"class":67},[53,55627,1269],{"class":333},[53,55629,81],{"class":67},[53,55631,826],{"class":333},[53,55633,101],{"class":67},[53,55635,55636,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55637,1226],{"class":67},[53,55639,517],{"class":333},[53,55641,81],{"class":67},[53,55643,790],{"class":333},[53,55645,81],{"class":67},[53,55647,1269],{"class":333},[53,55649,81],{"class":67},[53,55651,826],{"class":333},[53,55653,101],{"class":67},[20,55655,55656],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55658,55659,55660,171],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55661,12328],{},[44,55663,55665],{"className":46,"code":55664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55666,55667,55687,55702,55706,55721,55725,55735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55668,55669,55671,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55670,326],{"class":59},[53,55672,64],{"class":63},[53,55674,68],{"class":67},[53,55676,517],{"class":333},[53,55678,81],{"class":67},[53,55680,790],{"class":333},[53,55682,81],{"class":67},[53,55684,1269],{"class":333},[53,55686,101],{"class":67},[53,55688,55689,55692,55694,55696,55698,55700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55690,55691],{"class":59},"copied_numbers ",[53,55693,64],{"class":63},[53,55695,356],{"class":59},[53,55697,37],{"class":67},[53,55699,12463],{"class":117},[53,55701,8192],{"class":67},[53,55703,55704],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55705,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55707,55708,55711,55713,55715,55717,55719],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55709,55710],{"class":59},"copied_numbers",[53,55712,37],{"class":67},[53,55714,13103],{"class":117},[53,55716,121],{"class":67},[53,55718,2062],{"class":333},[53,55720,130],{"class":67},[53,55722,55723],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,55724,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55726,55727,55729,55731,55733],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,55728,137],{"class":136},[53,55730,121],{"class":67},[53,55732,3209],{"class":117},[53,55734,130],{"class":67},[53,55736,55737,55739,55741,55743],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,55738,137],{"class":136},[53,55740,121],{"class":67},[53,55742,55710],{"class":117},[53,55744,130],{"class":67},[20,55746,388],{},[44,55748,55750],{"className":46,"code":55749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55751,55752,55768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55753,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55755,1226],{"class":67},[53,55757,517],{"class":333},[53,55759,81],{"class":67},[53,55761,790],{"class":333},[53,55763,81],{"class":67},[53,55765,1269],{"class":333},[53,55767,101],{"class":67},[53,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55771,1226],{"class":67},[53,55773,517],{"class":333},[53,55775,81],{"class":67},[53,55777,790],{"class":333},[53,55779,81],{"class":67},[53,55781,1269],{"class":333},[53,55783,81],{"class":67},[53,55785,826],{"class":333},[53,55787,101],{"class":67},[20,55789,55790,55791,37],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[195,55792,198],{"href":50522},[39,55794,55796],{"id":55795},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55798,55799,12399,55801,37],{},[15,55800,55136],{},[30,55802,12402],{},[20,55804,1669],{},[173,55806,55807,55810],{},[176,55808,55809],{},"The outer list is new",[176,55811,55812],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55814,55815],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[44,55817,55819],{"className":46,"code":55818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55820,55821,55848,55862,55866,55885,55889,55899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55822,55823,55825,55827,55830,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55824,11637],{"class":59},[53,55826,64],{"class":63},[53,55828,55829],{"class":67}," [[",[53,55831,517],{"class":333},[53,55833,81],{"class":67},[53,55835,790],{"class":333},[53,55837,17609],{"class":67},[53,55839,68],{"class":67},[53,55841,882],{"class":333},[53,55843,81],{"class":67},[53,55845,826],{"class":333},[53,55847,52782],{"class":67},[53,55849,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55851,13862],{"class":59},[53,55853,64],{"class":63},[53,55855,11712],{"class":59},[53,55857,37],{"class":67},[53,55859,12463],{"class":117},[53,55861,8192],{"class":67},[53,55863,55864],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,55865,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55867,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876,55878,55880,55883],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,55869,13881],{"class":59},[53,55871,1226],{"class":67},[53,55873,187],{"class":333},[53,55875,13100],{"class":67},[53,55877,13103],{"class":117},[53,55879,121],{"class":67},[53,55881,55882],{"class":333},"99",[53,55884,130],{"class":67},[53,55886,55887],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,55888,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,55890,55891,55893,55895,55897],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,55892,137],{"class":136},[53,55894,121],{"class":67},[53,55896,11684],{"class":117},[53,55898,130],{"class":67},[53,55900,55901,55903,55905,55907],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,55902,137],{"class":136},[53,55904,121],{"class":67},[53,55906,13881],{"class":117},[53,55908,130],{"class":67},[20,55910,388],{},[44,55912,55914],{"className":46,"code":55913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55915,55916,55943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55917,55918,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55919,55920],{"class":67},"[[",[53,55922,517],{"class":333},[53,55924,81],{"class":67},[53,55926,790],{"class":333},[53,55928,81],{"class":67},[53,55930,9747],{"class":333},[53,55932,17609],{"class":67},[53,55934,68],{"class":67},[53,55936,882],{"class":333},[53,55938,81],{"class":67},[53,55940,826],{"class":333},[53,55942,52782],{"class":67},[53,55944,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55946,55920],{"class":67},[53,55948,517],{"class":333},[53,55950,81],{"class":67},[53,55952,790],{"class":333},[53,55954,81],{"class":67},[53,55956,9747],{"class":333},[53,55958,17609],{"class":67},[53,55960,68],{"class":67},[53,55962,882],{"class":333},[53,55964,81],{"class":67},[53,55966,826],{"class":333},[53,55968,52782],{"class":67},[20,55970,55971],{},"Why did both change?",[173,55973,55974,55981],{},[176,55975,55976,667,55978,55980],{},[15,55977,11684],{},[15,55979,13881],{}," are different outer lists",[176,55982,55983,55984,55987],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55985,55986],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55989,528,55990,55992],{},[15,55991,12328],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[173,55994,55995,55998,56001],{},[176,55996,55997],{},"Numbers",[176,55999,56000],{},"Strings",[176,56002,40137],{},[20,56004,56005,56006,37],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[195,56007,13341],{"href":13340},[39,56009,16967],{"id":16966},[20,56011,56012,56014],{},[15,56013,55136],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56016,40447,56017,56019],{},[30,56018,1112],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56021,56022],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56024,1183],{},[44,56026,56028],{"className":46,"code":56027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56029,56030,56054,56068,56072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56031,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56033,561],{"class":59},[53,56035,64],{"class":63},[53,56037,68],{"class":67},[53,56039,72],{"class":71},[53,56041,570],{"class":75},[53,56043,72],{"class":71},[53,56045,81],{"class":67},[53,56047,84],{"class":71},[53,56049,579],{"class":75},[53,56051,72],{"class":71},[53,56053,101],{"class":67},[53,56055,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56057,12668],{"class":59},[53,56059,64],{"class":63},[53,56061,12673],{"class":59},[53,56063,37],{"class":67},[53,56065,12463],{"class":117},[53,56067,8192],{"class":67},[53,56069,56070],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56071,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56073,56074,56076,56078,56080],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56075,137],{"class":136},[53,56077,121],{"class":67},[53,56079,12692],{"class":117},[53,56081,130],{"class":67},[20,56083,56084],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[44,56086,56088],{"className":46,"code":56087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56089,56090,56114,56124,56128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56091,56092,56094,56096,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56093,561],{"class":59},[53,56095,64],{"class":63},[53,56097,68],{"class":67},[53,56099,72],{"class":71},[53,56101,570],{"class":75},[53,56103,72],{"class":71},[53,56105,81],{"class":67},[53,56107,84],{"class":71},[53,56109,579],{"class":75},[53,56111,72],{"class":71},[53,56113,101],{"class":67},[53,56115,56116,56118,56120,56122],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56117,613],{"class":59},[53,56119,37],{"class":67},[53,56121,12463],{"class":117},[53,56123,8192],{"class":67},[53,56125,56126],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56127,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56129,56130,56132,56134,56136],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56131,137],{"class":136},[53,56133,121],{"class":67},[53,56135,613],{"class":117},[53,56137,130],{"class":67},[20,56139,56140,56141,56143],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56142,12328],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[39,56145,1391,56147],{"id":56146},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56148,55136],{},[20,56150,152,56151,1398],{},[15,56152,55136],{},[173,56154,56155,56158,56161,56164],{},[176,56156,56157],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[176,56159,56160],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[176,56162,56163],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[176,56165,56166,56167],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56168,56169],{},"[:]",[20,56171,316],{},[44,56173,56175],{"className":46,"code":56174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56176,56177,56197,56212,56216,56231,56235,56245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56178,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56180,4618],{"class":59},[53,56182,64],{"class":63},[53,56184,68],{"class":67},[53,56186,334],{"class":333},[53,56188,81],{"class":67},[53,56190,339],{"class":333},[53,56192,81],{"class":67},[53,56194,344],{"class":333},[53,56196,101],{"class":67},[53,56198,56199,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56200,56201],{"class":59},"backup_scores ",[53,56203,64],{"class":63},[53,56205,4665],{"class":59},[53,56207,37],{"class":67},[53,56209,12463],{"class":117},[53,56211,8192],{"class":67},[53,56213,56214],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56215,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56217,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56229],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56219,15940],{"class":59},[53,56221,37],{"class":67},[53,56223,13103],{"class":117},[53,56225,121],{"class":67},[53,56227,56228],{"class":333},"40",[53,56230,130],{"class":67},[53,56232,56233],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,56234,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56236,56237,56239,56241,56243],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,56238,137],{"class":136},[53,56240,121],{"class":67},[53,56242,15940],{"class":117},[53,56244,130],{"class":67},[53,56246,56247,56249,56251,56254],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,56248,137],{"class":136},[53,56250,121],{"class":67},[53,56252,56253],{"class":117},"backup_scores",[53,56255,130],{"class":67},[20,56257,388],{},[44,56259,56261],{"className":46,"code":56260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56262,56263,56283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56264,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56266,1226],{"class":67},[53,56268,334],{"class":333},[53,56270,81],{"class":67},[53,56272,339],{"class":333},[53,56274,81],{"class":67},[53,56276,344],{"class":333},[53,56278,81],{"class":67},[53,56280,50386],{"class":333},[53,56282,101],{"class":67},[53,56284,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56286,1226],{"class":67},[53,56288,334],{"class":333},[53,56290,81],{"class":67},[53,56292,339],{"class":333},[53,56294,81],{"class":67},[53,56296,344],{"class":333},[53,56298,101],{"class":67},[20,56300,56301,56302,37],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[195,56303,656,56305,660],{"href":56304},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56306,52195],{},[39,56308,1129],{"id":1128},[20,56310,56311,56312,37],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56313,55136],{},[1418,56315,664,56317,56319],{"id":56316},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56318,64],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56321,38741],{},[44,56323,56325],{"className":46,"code":56324,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56326,56327,56347,56355,56369,56373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56328,56329,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56330,2112],{"class":59},[53,56332,64],{"class":63},[53,56334,68],{"class":67},[53,56336,517],{"class":333},[53,56338,81],{"class":67},[53,56340,790],{"class":333},[53,56342,81],{"class":67},[53,56344,1269],{"class":333},[53,56346,101],{"class":67},[53,56348,56349,56351,56353],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56350,2140],{"class":59},[53,56352,64],{"class":63},[53,56354,35718],{"class":59},[53,56356,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56358,704],{"class":59},[53,56360,37],{"class":67},[53,56362,13103],{"class":117},[53,56364,121],{"class":67},[53,56366,2062],{"class":333},[53,56368,130],{"class":67},[53,56370,56371],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56372,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56374,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,56376,137],{"class":136},[53,56378,121],{"class":67},[53,56380,195],{"class":117},[53,56382,145],{"class":67},[53,56384,55236],{"class":148},[20,56386,56387,56388,1442],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56389,12328],{},[44,56391,56393],{"className":46,"code":56392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56394,56395,56415,56430,56444,56448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56396,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56398,2112],{"class":59},[53,56400,64],{"class":63},[53,56402,68],{"class":67},[53,56404,517],{"class":333},[53,56406,81],{"class":67},[53,56408,790],{"class":333},[53,56410,81],{"class":67},[53,56412,1269],{"class":333},[53,56414,101],{"class":67},[53,56416,56417,56419,56421,56424,56426,56428],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56418,2140],{"class":59},[53,56420,64],{"class":63},[53,56422,56423],{"class":59}," a",[53,56425,37],{"class":67},[53,56427,12463],{"class":117},[53,56429,8192],{"class":67},[53,56431,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56433,704],{"class":59},[53,56435,37],{"class":67},[53,56437,13103],{"class":117},[53,56439,121],{"class":67},[53,56441,2062],{"class":333},[53,56443,130],{"class":67},[53,56445,56446],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56447,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56449,56450,56452,56454,56456,56458],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,56451,137],{"class":136},[53,56453,121],{"class":67},[53,56455,195],{"class":117},[53,56457,145],{"class":67},[53,56459,54468],{"class":148},[1418,56461,56463],{"id":56462},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[44,56465,56467],{"className":46,"code":56466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56468,56469,56489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56470,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56472,326],{"class":59},[53,56474,64],{"class":63},[53,56476,68],{"class":67},[53,56478,517],{"class":333},[53,56480,81],{"class":67},[53,56482,790],{"class":333},[53,56484,81],{"class":67},[53,56486,1269],{"class":333},[53,56488,101],{"class":67},[53,56490,56491,56493,56495,56497],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56492,3209],{"class":59},[53,56494,37],{"class":67},[53,56496,12463],{"class":117},[53,56498,8192],{"class":67},[20,56500,56501],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56503,38804],{},[44,56505,56507],{"className":46,"code":56506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56508,56509,56529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56510,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56512,326],{"class":59},[53,56514,64],{"class":63},[53,56516,68],{"class":67},[53,56518,517],{"class":333},[53,56520,81],{"class":67},[53,56522,790],{"class":333},[53,56524,81],{"class":67},[53,56526,1269],{"class":333},[53,56528,101],{"class":67},[53,56530,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56532,55691],{"class":59},[53,56534,64],{"class":63},[53,56536,356],{"class":59},[53,56538,37],{"class":67},[53,56540,12463],{"class":117},[53,56542,8192],{"class":67},[1418,56544,56546],{"id":56545},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[44,56548,56550],{"className":46,"code":56549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56551,56552,56570,56584,56588,56606,56610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56555,2112],{"class":59},[53,56557,64],{"class":63},[53,56559,55829],{"class":67},[53,56561,517],{"class":333},[53,56563,17609],{"class":67},[53,56565,68],{"class":67},[53,56567,525],{"class":333},[53,56569,52782],{"class":67},[53,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56573,2140],{"class":59},[53,56575,64],{"class":63},[53,56577,56423],{"class":59},[53,56579,37],{"class":67},[53,56581,12463],{"class":117},[53,56583,8192],{"class":67},[53,56585,56586],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56587,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56589,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,56591,704],{"class":59},[53,56593,1226],{"class":67},[53,56595,187],{"class":333},[53,56597,13100],{"class":67},[53,56599,13103],{"class":117},[53,56601,121],{"class":67},[53,56603,55882],{"class":333},[53,56605,130],{"class":67},[53,56607,56608],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,56609,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,56611,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,56613,137],{"class":136},[53,56615,121],{"class":67},[53,56617,195],{"class":117},[53,56619,145],{"class":67},[53,56621,56622],{"class":148},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56624,56625,56626,56628],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56627,55136],{}," is shallow.",[1418,56630,25162,56632,56634],{"id":56631},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56633,12328],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56636,56637,56639],{},[15,56638,12328],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[44,56641,56643],{"className":46,"code":56642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56644,56645,56657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56646,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56648,7426],{"class":59},[53,56650,64],{"class":63},[53,56652,84],{"class":71},[53,56654,4558],{"class":75},[53,56656,1032],{"class":71},[53,56658,56659],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56660,56661],{"class":148},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56663,56664],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[44,56666,56668],{"className":46,"code":56667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56669,56670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56671,56672,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56673,137],{"class":136},[53,56675,121],{"class":67},[53,56677,1321],{"class":1320},[53,56679,121],{"class":67},[53,56681,7220],{"class":117},[53,56683,628],{"class":67},[20,56685,56686,56687,56691],{},"You can also review ",[195,56688,56690],{"href":56689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[39,56693,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,56695,1431,56697,56699],{"id":56696},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56698,55136],{}," change the original list?",[20,56701,56702],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1418,56704,4731,56706,667,56708,1459],{"id":56705},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56707,55136],{},[15,56709,64],{},[20,56711,56712,56714,56715,56717],{},[15,56713,12328],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56716,64],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1418,56719,14454,56721,14457],{"id":56720},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56722,55136],{},[20,56724,56725],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1418,56727,56729],{"id":56728},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56731,41694,56732,56735],{},[15,56733,56734],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1418,56737,14454,56739,56741,56742,1459],{"id":56738},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56740,55136],{}," the same as ",[15,56743,56169],{},[20,56745,56746],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[39,56748,1471],{"id":1470},[173,56750,56751,56756,56760,56765,56771],{},[176,56752,56753],{},[195,56754,14516],{"href":56755},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[176,56757,56758],{},[195,56759,198],{"href":50522},[176,56761,56762],{},[195,56763,56764],{"href":56689},"Creating a list in Python",[176,56766,56767],{},[195,56768,656,56769,660],{"href":56304},[15,56770,52195],{},[176,56772,56773],{},[195,56774,13341],{"href":13340},[1494,56776,56777],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":56779},[56780,56781,56783,56784,56786,56787,56788,56790,56798,56809],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":55246,"depth":104,"text":56782},"What list.copy() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":55517,"depth":104,"text":56785},"Why not use =",{"id":55795,"depth":104,"text":55796},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":56146,"depth":104,"text":56789},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":56791},[56792,56794,56795,56796],{"id":56316,"depth":133,"text":56793},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56462,"depth":133,"text":56463},{"id":56545,"depth":133,"text":56546},{"id":56631,"depth":133,"text":56797},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":56799},[56800,56802,56804,56806,56807],{"id":56696,"depth":133,"text":56801},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56705,"depth":133,"text":56803},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56720,"depth":133,"text":56805},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56728,"depth":133,"text":56729},{"id":56738,"depth":133,"text":56808},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55124,"description":56810},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56817,"title":56818,"body":56819,"description":58557,"extension":1524,"meta":58558,"navigation":372,"path":655,"seo":58559,"stem":58560,"__hash__":58561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56820,"toc":58516},[56821,56826,56832,56835,56846,56849,56851,56914,56920,56925,56929,56943,56946,56951,56956,56958,56960,56979,56991,56993,57060,57062,57070,57075,57077,57085,57088,57105,57107,57231,57242,57246,57251,57254,57256,57274,57278,57364,57372,57380,57449,57451,57454,57466,57471,57475,57546,57549,57553,57557,57622,57624,57632,57636,57719,57721,57729,57733,57794,57796,57804,57808,57895,57897,57905,57910,57915,57918,57929,57931,58016,58021,58030,58032,58036,58040,58045,58107,58111,58119,58125,58134,58139,58188,58191,58212,58216,58278,58285,58290,58293,58380,58383,58394,58397,58417,58419,58425,58428,58432,58436,58442,58445,58451,58458,58466,58477,58479,58513],[10,56822,13,56824,18],{"id":56823},"python-list-count-method",[15,56825,659],{},[20,56827,56828,56831],{},[15,56829,56830],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56833,56834],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[173,56836,56837,56840,56843],{},[176,56838,56839],{},"count one specific item",[176,56841,56842],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[176,56844,56845],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56847,56848],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[39,56850,42],{"id":41},[44,56852,56854],{"className":46,"code":56853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56855,56856,56884,56902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56857,56858,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56859,326],{"class":59},[53,56861,64],{"class":63},[53,56863,68],{"class":67},[53,56865,517],{"class":333},[53,56867,81],{"class":67},[53,56869,790],{"class":333},[53,56871,81],{"class":67},[53,56873,790],{"class":333},[53,56875,81],{"class":67},[53,56877,1269],{"class":333},[53,56879,81],{"class":67},[53,56881,790],{"class":333},[53,56883,101],{"class":67},[53,56885,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56887,351],{"class":59},[53,56889,64],{"class":63},[53,56891,356],{"class":59},[53,56893,37],{"class":67},[53,56895,40801],{"class":117},[53,56897,121],{"class":67},[53,56899,525],{"class":333},[53,56901,130],{"class":67},[53,56903,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,56905,137],{"class":136},[53,56907,121],{"class":67},[53,56909,383],{"class":117},[53,56911,145],{"class":67},[53,56913,50313],{"class":148},[20,56915,152,56916,56919],{},[15,56917,56918],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[39,56921,163,56923,166],{"id":56922},"what-listcount-does",[15,56924,56830],{},[20,56926,56927,171],{},[15,56928,56830],{},[173,56930,56931,56934,56937,56940],{},[176,56932,56933],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[176,56935,56936],{},"returns an integer",[176,56938,56939],{},"does not change the original list",[176,56941,56942],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56944,56945],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56947,56948,56949,37],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56950,882],{},[20,56952,56953,56954,37],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56955,187],{},[39,56957,202],{"id":201},[20,56959,1721],{},[44,56961,56963],{"className":46,"code":56962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56964,56965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56966,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56968,215],{"class":59},[53,56970,37],{"class":67},[53,56972,40801],{"class":117},[53,56974,121],{"class":67},[53,56976,224],{"class":117},[53,56978,130],{"class":67},[173,56980,56981,56986],{},[176,56982,56983,56985],{},[15,56984,215],{}," is the list you want to search",[176,56987,56988,56990],{},[15,56989,224],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56992,316],{},[44,56994,56996],{"className":46,"code":56995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56997,56998,57038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56999,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032,57034,57036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57001,687],{"class":59},[53,57003,64],{"class":63},[53,57005,68],{"class":67},[53,57007,72],{"class":71},[53,57009,195],{"class":75},[53,57011,72],{"class":71},[53,57013,81],{"class":67},[53,57015,84],{"class":71},[53,57017,704],{"class":75},[53,57019,72],{"class":71},[53,57021,81],{"class":67},[53,57023,84],{"class":71},[53,57025,195],{"class":75},[53,57027,72],{"class":71},[53,57029,81],{"class":67},[53,57031,84],{"class":71},[53,57033,713],{"class":75},[53,57035,72],{"class":71},[53,57037,101],{"class":67},[53,57039,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57041,137],{"class":136},[53,57043,121],{"class":67},[53,57045,747],{"class":117},[53,57047,37],{"class":67},[53,57049,40801],{"class":117},[53,57051,121],{"class":67},[53,57053,72],{"class":71},[53,57055,195],{"class":75},[53,57057,72],{"class":71},[53,57059,628],{"class":67},[20,57061,388],{},[44,57063,57064],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57065,57066],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57067,57068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57069,490],{"class":333},[20,57071,57072,57073,37],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57074,187],{},[39,57076,301],{"id":300},[20,57078,57079,57080,57082,57083,37],{},"The return value from ",[15,57081,659],{}," is always an ",[15,57084,1750],{},[20,57086,57087],{},"Possible results:",[173,57089,57090,57095,57100],{},[176,57091,57092,57094],{},[15,57093,187],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[176,57096,57097,57099],{},[15,57098,517],{}," if it appears once",[176,57101,57102,57104],{},[15,57103,525],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57106,316],{},[44,57108,57110],{"className":46,"code":57109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57111,57112,57152,57156,57181,57206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57113,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148,57150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57115,561],{"class":59},[53,57117,64],{"class":63},[53,57119,68],{"class":67},[53,57121,72],{"class":71},[53,57123,570],{"class":75},[53,57125,72],{"class":71},[53,57127,81],{"class":67},[53,57129,84],{"class":71},[53,57131,579],{"class":75},[53,57133,72],{"class":71},[53,57135,81],{"class":67},[53,57137,84],{"class":71},[53,57139,596],{"class":75},[53,57141,72],{"class":71},[53,57143,81],{"class":67},[53,57145,84],{"class":71},[53,57147,579],{"class":75},[53,57149,72],{"class":71},[53,57151,101],{"class":67},[53,57153,57154],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57155,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,57157,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57159,137],{"class":136},[53,57161,121],{"class":67},[53,57163,613],{"class":117},[53,57165,37],{"class":67},[53,57167,40801],{"class":117},[53,57169,121],{"class":67},[53,57171,72],{"class":71},[53,57173,579],{"class":75},[53,57175,72],{"class":71},[53,57177,762],{"class":67},[53,57179,57180],{"class":148},"   # 2\n",[53,57182,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,57184,137],{"class":136},[53,57186,121],{"class":67},[53,57188,613],{"class":117},[53,57190,37],{"class":67},[53,57192,40801],{"class":117},[53,57194,121],{"class":67},[53,57196,72],{"class":71},[53,57198,570],{"class":75},[53,57200,72],{"class":71},[53,57202,762],{"class":67},[53,57204,57205],{"class":148},"    # 1\n",[53,57207,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,57209,137],{"class":136},[53,57211,121],{"class":67},[53,57213,613],{"class":117},[53,57215,37],{"class":67},[53,57217,40801],{"class":117},[53,57219,121],{"class":67},[53,57221,72],{"class":71},[53,57223,22069],{"class":75},[53,57225,72],{"class":71},[53,57227,762],{"class":67},[53,57229,57230],{"class":148}," # 0\n",[20,57232,57233,57234,57236,57237,57239,57240,37],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57235,659],{}," works, but using ",[15,57238,1048],{}," is often simpler. See ",[195,57241,5750],{"href":5749},[39,57243,57245],{"id":57244},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57247,57248,57250],{},[15,57249,56830],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57252,57253],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57255,43193],{},[173,57257,57258,57261,57264,57271],{},[176,57259,57260],{},"matches are based on equality",[176,57262,57263],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[176,57265,57266,667,57268,57270],{},[15,57267,517],{},[15,57269,3167],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[176,57272,57273],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1418,57275,57277],{"id":57276},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[44,57279,57281],{"className":46,"code":57280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57282,57283,57316,57340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57284,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57286,3631],{"class":59},[53,57288,64],{"class":63},[53,57290,68],{"class":67},[53,57292,72],{"class":71},[53,57294,76],{"class":75},[53,57296,72],{"class":71},[53,57298,81],{"class":67},[53,57300,84],{"class":71},[53,57302,57303],{"class":75},"Apple",[53,57305,72],{"class":71},[53,57307,81],{"class":67},[53,57309,84],{"class":71},[53,57311,76],{"class":75},[53,57313,72],{"class":71},[53,57315,101],{"class":67},[53,57317,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57319,137],{"class":136},[53,57321,121],{"class":67},[53,57323,3672],{"class":117},[53,57325,37],{"class":67},[53,57327,40801],{"class":117},[53,57329,121],{"class":67},[53,57331,72],{"class":71},[53,57333,76],{"class":75},[53,57335,72],{"class":71},[53,57337,762],{"class":67},[53,57339,50958],{"class":148},[53,57341,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57343,137],{"class":136},[53,57345,121],{"class":67},[53,57347,3672],{"class":117},[53,57349,37],{"class":67},[53,57351,40801],{"class":117},[53,57353,121],{"class":67},[53,57355,72],{"class":71},[53,57357,57303],{"class":75},[53,57359,72],{"class":71},[53,57361,762],{"class":67},[53,57363,149],{"class":148},[20,57365,57366,667,57368,57371],{},[15,57367,506],{},[15,57369,57370],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1418,57373,57375,667,57377,57379],{"id":57374},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57376,517],{},[15,57378,3167],{}," can match",[44,57381,57383],{"className":46,"code":57382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57384,57385,57409,57429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57386,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57388,3383],{"class":59},[53,57390,64],{"class":63},[53,57392,68],{"class":67},[53,57394,517],{"class":333},[53,57396,81],{"class":67},[53,57398,3476],{"class":3413},[53,57400,81],{"class":67},[53,57402,790],{"class":333},[53,57404,81],{"class":67},[53,57406,821],{"class":333},[53,57408,101],{"class":67},[53,57410,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57412,137],{"class":136},[53,57414,121],{"class":67},[53,57416,4911],{"class":117},[53,57418,37],{"class":67},[53,57420,40801],{"class":117},[53,57422,121],{"class":67},[53,57424,517],{"class":333},[53,57426,762],{"class":67},[53,57428,50461],{"class":148},[53,57430,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57432,137],{"class":136},[53,57434,121],{"class":67},[53,57436,4911],{"class":117},[53,57438,37],{"class":67},[53,57440,40801],{"class":117},[53,57442,121],{"class":67},[53,57444,3167],{"class":3413},[53,57446,762],{"class":67},[53,57448,50313],{"class":148},[20,57450,3968],{},[20,57452,57453],{},"In Python:",[173,57455,57456,57461],{},[176,57457,57458],{},[15,57459,57460],{},"True == 1",[176,57462,57463],{},[15,57464,57465],{},"False == 0",[20,57467,528,57468,57470],{},[15,57469,659],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1418,57472,57474],{"id":57473},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[44,57476,57478],{"className":46,"code":57477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57479,57480,57522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57481,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57483,60],{"class":59},[53,57485,64],{"class":63},[53,57487,55829],{"class":67},[53,57489,517],{"class":333},[53,57491,81],{"class":67},[53,57493,790],{"class":333},[53,57495,17609],{"class":67},[53,57497,68],{"class":67},[53,57499,882],{"class":333},[53,57501,81],{"class":67},[53,57503,826],{"class":333},[53,57505,17609],{"class":67},[53,57507,68],{"class":67},[53,57509,517],{"class":333},[53,57511,81],{"class":67},[53,57513,790],{"class":333},[53,57515,17609],{"class":67},[53,57517,68],{"class":67},[53,57519,517],{"class":333},[53,57521,52782],{"class":67},[53,57523,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57525,137],{"class":136},[53,57527,121],{"class":67},[53,57529,956],{"class":117},[53,57531,37],{"class":67},[53,57533,40801],{"class":117},[53,57535,2546],{"class":67},[53,57537,517],{"class":333},[53,57539,81],{"class":67},[53,57541,790],{"class":333},[53,57543,4292],{"class":67},[53,57545,50958],{"class":148},[20,57547,57548],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[39,57550,57552],{"id":57551},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1418,57554,57556],{"id":57555},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[44,57558,57560],{"className":46,"code":57559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57561,57562,57590,57608,57612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57563,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57565,326],{"class":59},[53,57567,64],{"class":63},[53,57569,68],{"class":67},[53,57571,334],{"class":333},[53,57573,81],{"class":67},[53,57575,339],{"class":333},[53,57577,81],{"class":67},[53,57579,5556],{"class":333},[53,57581,81],{"class":67},[53,57583,344],{"class":333},[53,57585,81],{"class":67},[53,57587,5556],{"class":333},[53,57589,101],{"class":67},[53,57591,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57593,351],{"class":59},[53,57595,64],{"class":63},[53,57597,356],{"class":59},[53,57599,37],{"class":67},[53,57601,40801],{"class":117},[53,57603,121],{"class":67},[53,57605,334],{"class":333},[53,57607,130],{"class":67},[53,57609,57610],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57611,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,57613,57614,57616,57618,57620],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,57615,137],{"class":136},[53,57617,121],{"class":67},[53,57619,383],{"class":117},[53,57621,130],{"class":67},[20,57623,388],{},[44,57625,57626],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57627,57628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57629,57630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57631,847],{"class":333},[1418,57633,57635],{"id":57634},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[44,57637,57639],{"className":46,"code":57638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57640,57641,57683,57705,57709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57642,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57679,57681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57644,3631],{"class":59},[53,57646,64],{"class":63},[53,57648,68],{"class":67},[53,57650,72],{"class":71},[53,57652,36590],{"class":75},[53,57654,72],{"class":71},[53,57656,81],{"class":67},[53,57658,84],{"class":71},[53,57660,57661],{"class":75},"dog",[53,57663,72],{"class":71},[53,57665,81],{"class":67},[53,57667,84],{"class":71},[53,57669,36590],{"class":75},[53,57671,72],{"class":71},[53,57673,81],{"class":67},[53,57675,84],{"class":71},[53,57677,57678],{"class":75},"bird",[53,57680,72],{"class":71},[53,57682,101],{"class":67},[53,57684,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57686,351],{"class":59},[53,57688,64],{"class":63},[53,57690,5720],{"class":59},[53,57692,37],{"class":67},[53,57694,40801],{"class":117},[53,57696,121],{"class":67},[53,57698,72],{"class":71},[53,57700,36590],{"class":75},[53,57702,72],{"class":71},[53,57704,130],{"class":67},[53,57706,57707],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57708,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,57710,57711,57713,57715,57717],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,57712,137],{"class":136},[53,57714,121],{"class":67},[53,57716,383],{"class":117},[53,57718,130],{"class":67},[20,57720,388],{},[44,57722,57723],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57724,57725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57726,57727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57728,490],{"class":333},[1418,57730,57732],{"id":57731},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[44,57734,57736],{"className":46,"code":57735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57737,57738,57762,57780,57784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57739,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57741,326],{"class":59},[53,57743,64],{"class":63},[53,57745,68],{"class":67},[53,57747,517],{"class":333},[53,57749,81],{"class":67},[53,57751,790],{"class":333},[53,57753,81],{"class":67},[53,57755,1269],{"class":333},[53,57757,81],{"class":67},[53,57759,826],{"class":333},[53,57761,101],{"class":67},[53,57763,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57765,351],{"class":59},[53,57767,64],{"class":63},[53,57769,356],{"class":59},[53,57771,37],{"class":67},[53,57773,40801],{"class":117},[53,57775,121],{"class":67},[53,57777,1698],{"class":333},[53,57779,130],{"class":67},[53,57781,57782],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57783,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,57785,57786,57788,57790,57792],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,57787,137],{"class":136},[53,57789,121],{"class":67},[53,57791,383],{"class":117},[53,57793,130],{"class":67},[20,57795,388],{},[44,57797,57798],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57799,57800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57801,57802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57803,633],{"class":333},[1418,57805,57807],{"id":57806},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[44,57809,57811],{"className":46,"code":57810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57812,57813,57859,57881,57885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57814,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57816,8716],{"class":59},[53,57818,64],{"class":63},[53,57820,55829],{"class":67},[53,57822,517],{"class":333},[53,57824,81],{"class":67},[53,57826,790],{"class":333},[53,57828,17609],{"class":67},[53,57830,68],{"class":67},[53,57832,517],{"class":333},[53,57834,81],{"class":67},[53,57836,790],{"class":333},[53,57838,17609],{"class":67},[53,57840,68],{"class":67},[53,57842,525],{"class":333},[53,57844,81],{"class":67},[53,57846,1269],{"class":333},[53,57848,17609],{"class":67},[53,57850,68],{"class":67},[53,57852,517],{"class":333},[53,57854,81],{"class":67},[53,57856,790],{"class":333},[53,57858,52782],{"class":67},[53,57860,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57862,351],{"class":59},[53,57864,64],{"class":63},[53,57866,14117],{"class":59},[53,57868,37],{"class":67},[53,57870,40801],{"class":117},[53,57872,2546],{"class":67},[53,57874,517],{"class":333},[53,57876,81],{"class":67},[53,57878,790],{"class":333},[53,57880,3449],{"class":67},[53,57882,57883],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,57884,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,57886,57887,57889,57891,57893],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,57888,137],{"class":136},[53,57890,121],{"class":67},[53,57892,383],{"class":117},[53,57894,130],{"class":67},[20,57896,388],{},[44,57898,57899],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57900,57901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57902,57903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57904,847],{"class":333},[39,57906,1391,57908],{"id":57907},"when-to-use-count",[15,57909,659],{},[20,57911,152,57912,57914],{},[15,57913,659],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57916,57917],{},"Good use cases:",[173,57919,57920,57923,57926],{},[176,57921,57922],{},"counting one specific item",[176,57924,57925],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[176,57927,57928],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57930,316],{},[44,57932,57934],{"className":46,"code":57933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57935,57936,57977,58001,58005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57937,57938,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57939,57940],{"class":59},"votes ",[53,57942,64],{"class":63},[53,57944,68],{"class":67},[53,57946,72],{"class":71},[53,57948,8207],{"class":75},[53,57950,72],{"class":71},[53,57952,81],{"class":67},[53,57954,84],{"class":71},[53,57956,8146],{"class":75},[53,57958,72],{"class":71},[53,57960,81],{"class":67},[53,57962,84],{"class":71},[53,57964,8207],{"class":75},[53,57966,72],{"class":71},[53,57968,81],{"class":67},[53,57970,84],{"class":71},[53,57972,8207],{"class":75},[53,57974,72],{"class":71},[53,57976,101],{"class":67},[53,57978,57979,57982,57984,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57980,57981],{"class":59},"yes_votes ",[53,57983,64],{"class":63},[53,57985,57986],{"class":59}," votes",[53,57988,37],{"class":67},[53,57990,40801],{"class":117},[53,57992,121],{"class":67},[53,57994,72],{"class":71},[53,57996,8207],{"class":75},[53,57998,72],{"class":71},[53,58000,130],{"class":67},[53,58002,58003],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,58004,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,58006,58007,58009,58011,58014],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,58008,137],{"class":136},[53,58010,121],{"class":67},[53,58012,58013],{"class":117},"yes_votes",[53,58015,130],{"class":67},[20,58017,58018,58020],{},[15,58019,659],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58022,58023,58024,667,58026,37],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[195,58025,198],{"href":50522},[195,58027,58029],{"href":58028},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[39,58031,2389],{"id":2388},[20,58033,7995,58034,37],{},[15,58035,56830],{},[1418,58037,58039],{"id":58038},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58041,58042,58044],{},[15,58043,56830],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[44,58046,58048],{"className":46,"code":58047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58049,58050,58083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58051,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58053,3631],{"class":59},[53,58055,64],{"class":63},[53,58057,68],{"class":67},[53,58059,72],{"class":71},[53,58061,58062],{"class":75},"apple pie",[53,58064,72],{"class":71},[53,58066,81],{"class":67},[53,58068,84],{"class":71},[53,58070,87],{"class":75},[53,58072,72],{"class":71},[53,58074,81],{"class":67},[53,58076,84],{"class":71},[53,58078,58062],{"class":75},[53,58080,72],{"class":71},[53,58082,101],{"class":67},[53,58084,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58086,137],{"class":136},[53,58088,121],{"class":67},[53,58090,3672],{"class":117},[53,58092,37],{"class":67},[53,58094,40801],{"class":117},[53,58096,121],{"class":67},[53,58098,72],{"class":71},[53,58100,76],{"class":75},[53,58102,72],{"class":71},[53,58104,762],{"class":67},[53,58106,50790],{"class":148},[20,58108,2046,58109,1459],{},[15,58110,187],{},[20,58112,28605,58113,58115,58116,37],{},[15,58114,506],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58117,58118],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58120,58121,58122,37],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58123,58124],{},"str.count()",[1418,58126,8001,58128,8004,58130,2438,58132],{"id":58127},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58129,659],{},[15,58131,3167],{},[15,58133,3234],{},[20,58135,58136,58138],{},[15,58137,659],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[44,58140,58142],{"className":46,"code":58141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58143,58144,58168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58145,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58147,326],{"class":59},[53,58149,64],{"class":63},[53,58151,68],{"class":67},[53,58153,517],{"class":333},[53,58155,81],{"class":67},[53,58157,790],{"class":333},[53,58159,81],{"class":67},[53,58161,790],{"class":333},[53,58163,81],{"class":67},[53,58165,1269],{"class":333},[53,58167,101],{"class":67},[53,58169,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58171,137],{"class":136},[53,58173,121],{"class":67},[53,58175,3209],{"class":117},[53,58177,37],{"class":67},[53,58179,40801],{"class":117},[53,58181,121],{"class":67},[53,58183,525],{"class":333},[53,58185,762],{"class":67},[53,58187,50958],{"class":148},[20,58189,58190],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[44,58192,58194],{"className":46,"code":58193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58195,58196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58197,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58199,137],{"class":136},[53,58201,121],{"class":67},[53,58203,525],{"class":333},[53,58205,1286],{"class":1041},[53,58207,356],{"class":117},[53,58209,145],{"class":67},[53,58211,3224],{"class":148},[1418,58213,58215],{"id":58214},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[44,58217,58219],{"className":46,"code":58218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58220,58221,58254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58222,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58250,58252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58224,4549],{"class":59},[53,58226,64],{"class":63},[53,58228,68],{"class":67},[53,58230,72],{"class":71},[53,58232,7229],{"class":75},[53,58234,72],{"class":71},[53,58236,81],{"class":67},[53,58238,84],{"class":71},[53,58240,19765],{"class":75},[53,58242,72],{"class":71},[53,58244,81],{"class":67},[53,58246,84],{"class":71},[53,58248,58249],{"class":75},"SAM",[53,58251,72],{"class":71},[53,58253,101],{"class":67},[53,58255,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58257,137],{"class":136},[53,58259,121],{"class":67},[53,58261,4593],{"class":117},[53,58263,37],{"class":67},[53,58265,40801],{"class":117},[53,58267,121],{"class":67},[53,58269,72],{"class":71},[53,58271,19765],{"class":75},[53,58273,72],{"class":71},[53,58275,762],{"class":67},[53,58277,149],{"class":148},[20,58279,58280,58281,58284],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58282,58283],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1418,58286,29194,58288,33093],{"id":58287},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58289,659],{},[20,58291,58292],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[44,58294,58296],{"className":46,"code":58295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58297,58298,58308,58322,58340,58354,58366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58299,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58301,137],{"class":136},[53,58303,121],{"class":67},[53,58305,215],{"class":117},[53,58307,130],{"class":67},[53,58309,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58311,137],{"class":136},[53,58313,121],{"class":67},[53,58315,1321],{"class":1320},[53,58317,121],{"class":67},[53,58319,215],{"class":117},[53,58321,628],{"class":67},[53,58323,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,58325,137],{"class":136},[53,58327,121],{"class":67},[53,58329,215],{"class":117},[53,58331,37],{"class":67},[53,58333,40801],{"class":117},[53,58335,121],{"class":67},[53,58337,224],{"class":117},[53,58339,628],{"class":67},[53,58341,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,58343,137],{"class":136},[53,58345,121],{"class":67},[53,58347,2006],{"class":117},[53,58349,1048],{"class":1041},[53,58351,1340],{"class":117},[53,58353,130],{"class":67},[53,58355,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,58357,5510],{"class":1041},[53,58359,5513],{"class":59},[53,58361,1048],{"class":1041},[53,58363,1340],{"class":59},[53,58365,1053],{"class":67},[53,58367,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,58369,1058],{"class":136},[53,58371,121],{"class":67},[53,58373,41321],{"class":136},[53,58375,121],{"class":67},[53,58377,22856],{"class":117},[53,58379,628],{"class":67},[20,58381,58382],{},"These checks can help you see:",[173,58384,58385,58388,58391],{},[176,58386,58387],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[176,58389,58390],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[176,58392,58393],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58395,58396],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[173,58398,58399,58404,58407,58414],{},[176,58400,50034,58401,58403],{},[15,58402,659],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[176,58405,58406],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[176,58408,10656,58409,58411,58412],{},[15,58410,56830],{}," with string ",[15,58413,659],{},[176,58415,58416],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[39,58418,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,58420,1431,58422,58424],{"id":58421},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58423,56830],{}," change the list?",[20,58426,58427],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1418,58429,58431],{"id":58430},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58433,11462,58434,37],{},[15,58435,187],{},[1418,58437,1446,58439,58441],{"id":58438},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58440,56830],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58443,58444],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1418,58446,14454,58448,58450],{"id":58447},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58449,56830],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58452,41694,58453,667,58455,58457],{},[15,58454,57370],{},[15,58456,506],{}," are different values.",[1418,58459,4711,58461,58463,58464,1459],{"id":58460},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58462,3167],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58465,517],{},[20,58467,8335,58468,58470,58471,667,58473,58470,58475,37],{},[15,58469,3167],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58472,517],{},[15,58474,3234],{},[15,58476,187],{},[39,58478,1471],{"id":1470},[173,58480,58481,58485,58490,58494,58501,58508],{},[176,58482,58483],{},[195,58484,198],{"href":50522},[176,58486,58487],{},[195,58488,1478],{"href":58489},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F",[176,58491,58492],{},[195,58493,6487],{"href":5749},[176,58495,58496],{},[195,58497,656,58499,660],{"href":58498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58500,17],{},[176,58502,58503],{},[195,58504,3138,58506],{"href":58505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58507,41903],{},[176,58509,58510],{},[195,58511,58512],{"href":58028},"What is a list in Python",[1494,58514,58515],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":58517},[58518,58519,58521,58522,58523,58529,58535,58537,58545,58556],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":56922,"depth":104,"text":58520},"What list.count() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":300,"depth":104,"text":301},{"id":57244,"depth":104,"text":57245,"children":58524},[58525,58526,58528],{"id":57276,"depth":133,"text":57277},{"id":57374,"depth":133,"text":58527},"1 and True can match",{"id":57473,"depth":133,"text":57474},{"id":57551,"depth":104,"text":57552,"children":58530},[58531,58532,58533,58534],{"id":57555,"depth":133,"text":57556},{"id":57634,"depth":133,"text":57635},{"id":57731,"depth":133,"text":57732},{"id":57806,"depth":133,"text":57807},{"id":57907,"depth":104,"text":58536},"When to use count()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":58538},[58539,58540,58542,58543],{"id":58038,"depth":133,"text":58039},{"id":58127,"depth":133,"text":58541},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58214,"depth":133,"text":58215},{"id":58287,"depth":133,"text":58544},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":58546},[58547,58549,58550,58552,58554],{"id":58421,"depth":133,"text":58548},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58430,"depth":133,"text":58431},{"id":58438,"depth":133,"text":58551},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58447,"depth":133,"text":58553},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58460,"depth":133,"text":58555},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":56818,"description":58557},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58563,"title":58564,"body":58565,"description":60528,"extension":1524,"meta":60529,"navigation":372,"path":60530,"seo":60531,"stem":60532,"__hash__":60533},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58566,"toc":60491},[58567,58570,58573,58575,58703,58707,58788,58799,58801,58820,58824,58827,58830,58848,58850,58893,58897,58922,58931,58935,58940,58943,59060,59064,59133,59137,59149,59153,59156,59197,59201,59214,59217,59302,59306,59339,59346,59352,59357,59359,59371,59375,59408,59412,59444,59448,59485,59489,59509,59513,59547,59551,59580,59591,59595,59598,59601,59614,59671,59675,59714,59720,59723,59725,59728,59732,59735,59760,59762,59787,59794,59797,59842,59846,59865,59868,59907,59914,59919,59953,59957,60058,60065,60098,60102,60128,60132,60135,60173,60176,60213,60217,60220,60239,60243,60304,60306,60324,60328,60331,60334,60363,60365,60369,60372,60380,60384,60387,60407,60413,60419,60423,60426,60433,60441,60443,60482,60488],[10,58568,58564],{"id":58569},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58571,58572],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[39,58574,42],{"id":41},[44,58576,58578],{"className":46,"code":58577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58579,58580,58600,58632,58640,58658,58662,58672,58682,58693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58581,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58583,326],{"class":59},[53,58585,64],{"class":63},[53,58587,68],{"class":67},[53,58589,517],{"class":333},[53,58591,81],{"class":67},[53,58593,790],{"class":333},[53,58595,81],{"class":67},[53,58597,1269],{"class":333},[53,58599,101],{"class":67},[53,58601,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58603,4549],{"class":59},[53,58605,64],{"class":63},[53,58607,68],{"class":67},[53,58609,72],{"class":71},[53,58611,12432],{"class":75},[53,58613,72],{"class":71},[53,58615,81],{"class":67},[53,58617,84],{"class":71},[53,58619,35487],{"class":75},[53,58621,72],{"class":71},[53,58623,81],{"class":67},[53,58625,84],{"class":71},[53,58627,35496],{"class":75},[53,58629,72],{"class":71},[53,58631,101],{"class":67},[53,58633,58634,58636,58638],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,58635,55466],{"class":59},[53,58637,64],{"class":63},[53,58639,7388],{"class":67},[53,58641,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,58643,687],{"class":59},[53,58645,64],{"class":63},[53,58647,22105],{"class":1320},[53,58649,121],{"class":67},[53,58651,72],{"class":71},[53,58653,41102],{"class":75},[53,58655,72],{"class":71},[53,58657,130],{"class":67},[53,58659,58660],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,58661,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,58663,58664,58666,58668,58670],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,58665,137],{"class":136},[53,58667,121],{"class":67},[53,58669,3209],{"class":117},[53,58671,130],{"class":67},[53,58673,58674,58676,58678,58680],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,58675,137],{"class":136},[53,58677,121],{"class":67},[53,58679,4593],{"class":117},[53,58681,130],{"class":67},[53,58683,58684,58686,58688,58691],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,58685,137],{"class":136},[53,58687,121],{"class":67},[53,58689,58690],{"class":117},"empty_list",[53,58692,130],{"class":67},[53,58694,58695,58697,58699,58701],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,58696,137],{"class":136},[53,58698,121],{"class":67},[53,58700,747],{"class":117},[53,58702,130],{"class":67},[20,58704,58705],{},[30,58706,388],{},[44,58708,58710],{"className":46,"code":58709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58711,58712,58728,58756,58760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58713,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58715,1226],{"class":67},[53,58717,517],{"class":333},[53,58719,81],{"class":67},[53,58721,790],{"class":333},[53,58723,81],{"class":67},[53,58725,1269],{"class":333},[53,58727,101],{"class":67},[53,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58731,1226],{"class":67},[53,58733,2862],{"class":71},[53,58735,12432],{"class":75},[53,58737,2862],{"class":71},[53,58739,81],{"class":67},[53,58741,2857],{"class":71},[53,58743,35487],{"class":75},[53,58745,2862],{"class":71},[53,58747,81],{"class":67},[53,58749,2857],{"class":71},[53,58751,35496],{"class":75},[53,58753,2862],{"class":71},[53,58755,101],{"class":67},[53,58757,58758],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,58759,37839],{"class":67},[53,58761,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,58763,1226],{"class":67},[53,58765,2862],{"class":71},[53,58767,195],{"class":75},[53,58769,2862],{"class":71},[53,58771,81],{"class":67},[53,58773,2857],{"class":71},[53,58775,704],{"class":75},[53,58777,2862],{"class":71},[53,58779,81],{"class":67},[53,58781,2857],{"class":71},[53,58783,713],{"class":75},[53,58785,2862],{"class":71},[53,58787,101],{"class":67},[20,58789,58790,58791,58793,58794,58796,58797,37],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58792,3347],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58795,24326],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58798,35741],{},[39,58800,14714],{"id":14713},[173,58802,58803,58806,58809,58812,58817],{},[176,58804,58805],{},"What a list is in Python",[176,58807,58808],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[176,58810,58811],{},"How to create an empty list",[176,58813,58814,58815,1863],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58816,24326],{},[176,58818,58819],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[39,58821,58823],{"id":58822},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58825,58826],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58828,58829],{},"This means:",[173,58831,58832,58835,58838,58841],{},[176,58833,58834],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[176,58836,58837],{},"The order of items is kept",[176,58839,58840],{},"A list can hold different data types",[176,58842,58843,58844,58847],{},"A list is ",[30,58845,58846],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58849,316],{},[44,58851,58853],{"className":46,"code":58852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58854,58855,58879,58883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58858,60],{"class":59},[53,58860,64],{"class":63},[53,58862,68],{"class":67},[53,58864,72],{"class":71},[53,58866,76],{"class":75},[53,58868,72],{"class":71},[53,58870,81],{"class":67},[53,58872,5556],{"class":333},[53,58874,81],{"class":67},[53,58876,3476],{"class":3413},[53,58878,101],{"class":67},[53,58880,58881],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58882,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,58884,58885,58887,58889,58891],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,58886,137],{"class":136},[53,58888,121],{"class":67},[53,58890,956],{"class":117},[53,58892,130],{"class":67},[20,58894,58895],{},[30,58896,388],{},[44,58898,58900],{"className":46,"code":58899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58901,58902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58903,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58905,1226],{"class":67},[53,58907,2862],{"class":71},[53,58909,76],{"class":75},[53,58911,2862],{"class":71},[53,58913,81],{"class":67},[53,58915,5556],{"class":333},[53,58917,81],{"class":67},[53,58919,3476],{"class":3413},[53,58921,101],{"class":67},[20,58923,58924,58925,2438,58928,37],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[195,58926,58927],{"href":50522},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[195,58929,58930],{"href":58028},"What is a List in Python?",[39,58932,58934],{"id":58933},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58936,58790,58937,58939],{},[15,58938,3347],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58941,58942],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[44,58944,58946],{"className":46,"code":58945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58947,58948,58968,59000,59025,59029,59039,59049],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58949,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58951,326],{"class":59},[53,58953,64],{"class":63},[53,58955,68],{"class":67},[53,58957,517],{"class":333},[53,58959,81],{"class":67},[53,58961,790],{"class":333},[53,58963,81],{"class":67},[53,58965,1269],{"class":333},[53,58967,101],{"class":67},[53,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58971,4549],{"class":59},[53,58973,64],{"class":63},[53,58975,68],{"class":67},[53,58977,72],{"class":71},[53,58979,12432],{"class":75},[53,58981,72],{"class":71},[53,58983,81],{"class":67},[53,58985,84],{"class":71},[53,58987,35487],{"class":75},[53,58989,72],{"class":71},[53,58991,81],{"class":67},[53,58993,84],{"class":71},[53,58995,35496],{"class":75},[53,58997,72],{"class":71},[53,58999,101],{"class":67},[53,59001,59002,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59003,59004],{"class":59},"mixed ",[53,59006,64],{"class":63},[53,59008,68],{"class":67},[53,59010,334],{"class":333},[53,59012,81],{"class":67},[53,59014,84],{"class":71},[53,59016,3406],{"class":75},[53,59018,72],{"class":71},[53,59020,81],{"class":67},[53,59022,3467],{"class":3413},[53,59024,101],{"class":67},[53,59026,59027],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,59028,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59030,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,59032,137],{"class":136},[53,59034,121],{"class":67},[53,59036,3209],{"class":117},[53,59038,130],{"class":67},[53,59040,59041,59043,59045,59047],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,59042,137],{"class":136},[53,59044,121],{"class":67},[53,59046,4593],{"class":117},[53,59048,130],{"class":67},[53,59050,59051,59053,59055,59058],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,59052,137],{"class":136},[53,59054,121],{"class":67},[53,59056,59057],{"class":117},"mixed",[53,59059,130],{"class":67},[20,59061,59062],{},[30,59063,388],{},[44,59065,59067],{"className":46,"code":59066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59068,59069,59085,59113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59070,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59072,1226],{"class":67},[53,59074,517],{"class":333},[53,59076,81],{"class":67},[53,59078,790],{"class":333},[53,59080,81],{"class":67},[53,59082,1269],{"class":333},[53,59084,101],{"class":67},[53,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59088,1226],{"class":67},[53,59090,2862],{"class":71},[53,59092,12432],{"class":75},[53,59094,2862],{"class":71},[53,59096,81],{"class":67},[53,59098,2857],{"class":71},[53,59100,35487],{"class":75},[53,59102,2862],{"class":71},[53,59104,81],{"class":67},[53,59106,2857],{"class":71},[53,59108,35496],{"class":75},[53,59110,2862],{"class":71},[53,59112,101],{"class":67},[53,59114,59115,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59116,1226],{"class":67},[53,59118,334],{"class":333},[53,59120,81],{"class":67},[53,59122,2857],{"class":71},[53,59124,3406],{"class":75},[53,59126,2862],{"class":71},[53,59128,81],{"class":67},[53,59130,3467],{"class":3413},[53,59132,101],{"class":67},[1418,59134,59136],{"id":59135},"key-points","Key points",[173,59138,59139,59144,59146],{},[176,59140,152,59141,59143],{},[15,59142,3347],{}," to make a new list",[176,59145,14984],{},[176,59147,59148],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[39,59150,59152],{"id":59151},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59154,59155],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[44,59157,59159],{"className":46,"code":59158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59160,59161,59169,59173,59183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59162,59163,59165,59167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59164,7858],{"class":59},[53,59166,64],{"class":63},[53,59168,7388],{"class":67},[53,59170,59171],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59172,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59174,59175,59177,59179,59181],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59176,137],{"class":136},[53,59178,121],{"class":67},[53,59180,215],{"class":117},[53,59182,130],{"class":67},[53,59184,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,59186,137],{"class":136},[53,59188,121],{"class":67},[53,59190,10711],{"class":136},[53,59192,121],{"class":67},[53,59194,215],{"class":117},[53,59196,628],{"class":67},[20,59198,59199],{},[30,59200,388],{},[44,59202,59204],{"className":46,"code":59203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[]\n0\n",[15,59205,59206,59210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59207,59208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59209,37839],{"class":67},[53,59211,59212],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59213,633],{"class":333},[20,59215,59216],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[44,59218,59220],{"className":46,"code":59219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59221,59222,59230,59234,59252,59270,59288,59292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59223,59224,59226,59228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59225,4549],{"class":59},[53,59227,64],{"class":63},[53,59229,7388],{"class":67},[53,59231,59232],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59233,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59235,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59237,4593],{"class":59},[53,59239,37],{"class":67},[53,59241,13103],{"class":117},[53,59243,121],{"class":67},[53,59245,72],{"class":71},[53,59247,12432],{"class":75},[53,59249,72],{"class":71},[53,59251,130],{"class":67},[53,59253,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,59255,4593],{"class":59},[53,59257,37],{"class":67},[53,59259,13103],{"class":117},[53,59261,121],{"class":67},[53,59263,72],{"class":71},[53,59265,35487],{"class":75},[53,59267,72],{"class":71},[53,59269,130],{"class":67},[53,59271,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,59273,4593],{"class":59},[53,59275,37],{"class":67},[53,59277,13103],{"class":117},[53,59279,121],{"class":67},[53,59281,72],{"class":71},[53,59283,35496],{"class":75},[53,59285,72],{"class":71},[53,59287,130],{"class":67},[53,59289,59290],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,59291,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59293,59294,59296,59298,59300],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,59295,137],{"class":136},[53,59297,121],{"class":67},[53,59299,4593],{"class":117},[53,59301,130],{"class":67},[20,59303,59304],{},[30,59305,388],{},[44,59307,59309],{"className":46,"code":59308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59310,59311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59312,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59314,1226],{"class":67},[53,59316,2862],{"class":71},[53,59318,12432],{"class":75},[53,59320,2862],{"class":71},[53,59322,81],{"class":67},[53,59324,2857],{"class":71},[53,59326,35487],{"class":75},[53,59328,2862],{"class":71},[53,59330,81],{"class":67},[53,59332,2857],{"class":71},[53,59334,35496],{"class":75},[53,59336,2862],{"class":71},[53,59338,101],{"class":67},[20,59340,59341,59342,37],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[195,59343,59344,660],{"href":56304},[15,59345,52195],{},[39,59347,59349,59350],{"id":59348},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59351,24326],{},[20,59353,152,59354,59356],{},[15,59355,24326],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59358,5009],{},[173,59360,59361,59363,59365,59367],{},[176,59362,4861],{},[176,59364,4855],{},[176,59366,4858],{},[176,59368,59369],{},[15,59370,35741],{},[1418,59372,59374],{"id":59373},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[44,59376,59378],{"className":46,"code":59377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59379,59380,59398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59381,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59383,687],{"class":59},[53,59385,64],{"class":63},[53,59387,22105],{"class":1320},[53,59389,121],{"class":67},[53,59391,72],{"class":71},[53,59393,41102],{"class":75},[53,59395,72],{"class":71},[53,59397,130],{"class":67},[53,59399,59400,59402,59404,59406],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59401,137],{"class":136},[53,59403,121],{"class":67},[53,59405,747],{"class":117},[53,59407,130],{"class":67},[20,59409,59410],{},[30,59411,388],{},[44,59413,59414],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59415,59416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59417,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59419,1226],{"class":67},[53,59421,2862],{"class":71},[53,59423,195],{"class":75},[53,59425,2862],{"class":71},[53,59427,81],{"class":67},[53,59429,2857],{"class":71},[53,59431,704],{"class":75},[53,59433,2862],{"class":71},[53,59435,81],{"class":67},[53,59437,2857],{"class":71},[53,59439,713],{"class":75},[53,59441,2862],{"class":71},[53,59443,101],{"class":67},[1418,59445,59447],{"id":59446},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[44,59449,59451],{"className":46,"code":59450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59452,59453,59475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59454,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59456,326],{"class":59},[53,59458,64],{"class":63},[53,59460,22105],{"class":1320},[53,59462,5062],{"class":67},[53,59464,517],{"class":333},[53,59466,81],{"class":67},[53,59468,790],{"class":333},[53,59470,81],{"class":67},[53,59472,1269],{"class":333},[53,59474,628],{"class":67},[53,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59478,137],{"class":136},[53,59480,121],{"class":67},[53,59482,3209],{"class":117},[53,59484,130],{"class":67},[20,59486,59487],{},[30,59488,388],{},[44,59490,59491],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59492,59493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59494,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59496,1226],{"class":67},[53,59498,517],{"class":333},[53,59500,81],{"class":67},[53,59502,790],{"class":333},[53,59504,81],{"class":67},[53,59506,1269],{"class":333},[53,59508,101],{"class":67},[1418,59510,59512],{"id":59511},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[44,59514,59516],{"className":46,"code":59515,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59517,59518,59537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59519,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59531,59533,59535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59521,3383],{"class":59},[53,59523,64],{"class":63},[53,59525,22105],{"class":1320},[53,59527,121],{"class":67},[53,59529,59530],{"class":136},"range",[53,59532,121],{"class":67},[53,59534,1698],{"class":333},[53,59536,628],{"class":67},[53,59538,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59540,137],{"class":136},[53,59542,121],{"class":67},[53,59544,4911],{"class":117},[53,59546,130],{"class":67},[20,59548,59549],{},[30,59550,388],{},[44,59552,59554],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59555,59556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59557,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59559,1226],{"class":67},[53,59561,187],{"class":333},[53,59563,81],{"class":67},[53,59565,821],{"class":333},[53,59567,81],{"class":67},[53,59569,790],{"class":333},[53,59571,81],{"class":67},[53,59573,1269],{"class":333},[53,59575,81],{"class":67},[53,59577,826],{"class":333},[53,59579,101],{"class":67},[20,59581,59582,59584,59585,37],{},[15,59583,24326],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[195,59586,59588,59590],{"href":59587},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59589,24326],{},": Function Explained",[39,59592,59594],{"id":59593},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59596,59597],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59599,59600],{},"Examples include:",[173,59602,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611],{},[176,59604,4861],{},[176,59606,39966],{},[176,59608,51588],{},[176,59610,40136],{},[176,59612,59613],{},"other lists",[44,59615,59617],{"className":46,"code":59616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59618,59619,59657,59661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59620,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59622,8716],{"class":59},[53,59624,64],{"class":63},[53,59626,68],{"class":67},[53,59628,72],{"class":71},[53,59630,12432],{"class":75},[53,59632,72],{"class":71},[53,59634,81],{"class":67},[53,59636,8857],{"class":333},[53,59638,81],{"class":67},[53,59640,3476],{"class":3413},[53,59642,81],{"class":67},[53,59644,68],{"class":67},[53,59646,517],{"class":333},[53,59648,81],{"class":67},[53,59650,790],{"class":333},[53,59652,81],{"class":67},[53,59654,1269],{"class":333},[53,59656,52782],{"class":67},[53,59658,59659],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59660,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59662,59663,59665,59667,59669],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59664,137],{"class":136},[53,59666,121],{"class":67},[53,59668,8755],{"class":117},[53,59670,130],{"class":67},[20,59672,59673],{},[30,59674,388],{},[44,59676,59678],{"className":46,"code":59677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59679,59680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59681,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59683,1226],{"class":67},[53,59685,2862],{"class":71},[53,59687,12432],{"class":75},[53,59689,2862],{"class":71},[53,59691,81],{"class":67},[53,59693,8857],{"class":333},[53,59695,81],{"class":67},[53,59697,3476],{"class":3413},[53,59699,81],{"class":67},[53,59701,68],{"class":67},[53,59703,517],{"class":333},[53,59705,81],{"class":67},[53,59707,790],{"class":333},[53,59709,81],{"class":67},[53,59711,1269],{"class":333},[53,59713,52782],{"class":67},[20,59715,59716,59717,37],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59718,59719],{},"nested list",[20,59721,59722],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[39,59724,1129],{"id":1128},[20,59726,59727],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1418,59729,59731],{"id":59730},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59733,59734],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[44,59736,59738],{"className":46,"code":59737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59739,59740,59744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59741,59742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59743,4092],{"class":148},[53,59745,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59747,326],{"class":59},[53,59749,64],{"class":63},[53,59751,68],{"class":67},[53,59753,517],{"class":333},[53,59755,790],{"class":333},[53,59757,1269],{"class":333},[53,59759,101],{"class":67},[20,59761,10357],{},[44,59763,59765],{"className":46,"code":59764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59766,59767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59768,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59770,326],{"class":59},[53,59772,64],{"class":63},[53,59774,68],{"class":67},[53,59776,517],{"class":333},[53,59778,81],{"class":67},[53,59780,790],{"class":333},[53,59782,81],{"class":67},[53,59784,1269],{"class":333},[53,59786,101],{"class":67},[1418,59788,664,59790,1175,59792],{"id":59789},"using-instead-of",[15,59791,6917],{},[15,59793,3347],{},[20,59795,59796],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[44,59798,59800],{"className":46,"code":59799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59801,59802,59823,59827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59803,59804,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59805,59806],{"class":59},"my_values ",[53,59808,64],{"class":63},[53,59810,8787],{"class":67},[53,59812,517],{"class":333},[53,59814,81],{"class":67},[53,59816,790],{"class":333},[53,59818,81],{"class":67},[53,59820,1269],{"class":333},[53,59822,130],{"class":67},[53,59824,59825],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59826,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,59828,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837,59840],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,59830,137],{"class":136},[53,59832,121],{"class":67},[53,59834,1321],{"class":1320},[53,59836,121],{"class":67},[53,59838,59839],{"class":117},"my_values",[53,59841,628],{"class":67},[20,59843,59844],{},[30,59845,388],{},[44,59847,59849],{"className":46,"code":59848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59850,59851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59852,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59854,2851],{"class":63},[53,59856,2854],{"class":1627},[53,59858,2857],{"class":71},[53,59860,48495],{"class":75},[53,59862,2862],{"class":71},[53,59864,2865],{"class":63},[20,59866,59867],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[44,59869,59871],{"className":46,"code":59870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59872,59873,59893],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889,59891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59876,59806],{"class":59},[53,59878,64],{"class":63},[53,59880,68],{"class":67},[53,59882,517],{"class":333},[53,59884,81],{"class":67},[53,59886,790],{"class":333},[53,59888,81],{"class":67},[53,59890,1269],{"class":333},[53,59892,101],{"class":67},[53,59894,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59896,137],{"class":136},[53,59898,121],{"class":67},[53,59900,1321],{"class":1320},[53,59902,121],{"class":67},[53,59904,59839],{"class":117},[53,59906,628],{"class":67},[1418,59908,8001,59910,59913],{"id":59909},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59911,59912],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59915,59916,59918],{},[15,59917,24326],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[44,59920,59922],{"className":46,"code":59921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59923,59924,59943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59925,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59939,59941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59927,351],{"class":59},[53,59929,64],{"class":63},[53,59931,22105],{"class":1320},[53,59933,121],{"class":67},[53,59935,72],{"class":71},[53,59937,59938],{"class":75},"hello world",[53,59940,72],{"class":71},[53,59942,130],{"class":67},[53,59944,59945,59947,59949,59951],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59946,137],{"class":136},[53,59948,121],{"class":67},[53,59950,383],{"class":117},[53,59952,130],{"class":67},[20,59954,59955],{},[30,59956,388],{},[44,59958,59960],{"className":46,"code":59959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59961,59962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59963,59964,59966,59968,59971,59973,59975,59977,59980,59982,59984,59986,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59965,1226],{"class":67},[53,59967,2862],{"class":71},[53,59969,59970],{"class":75},"h",[53,59972,2862],{"class":71},[53,59974,81],{"class":67},[53,59976,2857],{"class":71},[53,59978,59979],{"class":75},"e",[53,59981,2862],{"class":71},[53,59983,81],{"class":67},[53,59985,2857],{"class":71},[53,59987,59988],{"class":75},"l",[53,59990,2862],{"class":71},[53,59992,81],{"class":67},[53,59994,2857],{"class":71},[53,59996,59988],{"class":75},[53,59998,2862],{"class":71},[53,60000,81],{"class":67},[53,60002,2857],{"class":71},[53,60004,60005],{"class":75},"o",[53,60007,2862],{"class":71},[53,60009,81],{"class":67},[53,60011,2857],{"class":71},[53,60013,2857],{"class":71},[53,60015,81],{"class":67},[53,60017,2857],{"class":71},[53,60019,60020],{"class":75},"w",[53,60022,2862],{"class":71},[53,60024,81],{"class":67},[53,60026,2857],{"class":71},[53,60028,60005],{"class":75},[53,60030,2862],{"class":71},[53,60032,81],{"class":67},[53,60034,2857],{"class":71},[53,60036,60037],{"class":75},"r",[53,60039,2862],{"class":71},[53,60041,81],{"class":67},[53,60043,2857],{"class":71},[53,60045,59988],{"class":75},[53,60047,2862],{"class":71},[53,60049,81],{"class":67},[53,60051,2857],{"class":71},[53,60053,730],{"class":75},[53,60055,2862],{"class":71},[53,60057,101],{"class":67},[20,60059,60060,60061,60064],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60062,60063],{},"split()"," instead:",[44,60066,60068],{"className":46,"code":60067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60069,60070,60088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60071,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084,60086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60073,3631],{"class":59},[53,60075,64],{"class":63},[53,60077,84],{"class":71},[53,60079,59938],{"class":75},[53,60081,72],{"class":71},[53,60083,37],{"class":67},[53,60085,34014],{"class":117},[53,60087,8192],{"class":67},[53,60089,60090,60092,60094,60096],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60091,137],{"class":136},[53,60093,121],{"class":67},[53,60095,3672],{"class":117},[53,60097,130],{"class":67},[20,60099,60100],{},[30,60101,388],{},[44,60103,60105],{"className":46,"code":60104,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60106,60107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60108,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121,60124,60126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60110,1226],{"class":67},[53,60112,2862],{"class":71},[53,60114,3406],{"class":75},[53,60116,2862],{"class":71},[53,60118,81],{"class":67},[53,60120,2857],{"class":71},[53,60122,60123],{"class":75},"world",[53,60125,2862],{"class":71},[53,60127,101],{"class":67},[1418,60129,60131],{"id":60130},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60133,60134],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[44,60136,60138],{"className":46,"code":60137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60139,60140,60144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60141,60142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60143,4092],{"class":148},[53,60145,60146,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60165,60167,60169,60171],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60147,4549],{"class":59},[53,60149,64],{"class":63},[53,60151,68],{"class":67},[53,60153,72],{"class":71},[53,60155,12432],{"class":75},[53,60157,72],{"class":71},[53,60159,81],{"class":67},[53,60161,84],{"class":71},[53,60163,60164],{"class":75},"Ben', ",[53,60166,72],{"class":71},[53,60168,35496],{"class":59},[53,60170,72],{"class":71},[53,60172,101],{"class":75},[20,60174,60175],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[44,60177,60179],{"className":46,"code":60178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60180,60181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60182,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60184,4549],{"class":59},[53,60186,64],{"class":63},[53,60188,68],{"class":67},[53,60190,72],{"class":71},[53,60192,12432],{"class":75},[53,60194,72],{"class":71},[53,60196,81],{"class":67},[53,60198,84],{"class":71},[53,60200,35487],{"class":75},[53,60202,72],{"class":71},[53,60204,81],{"class":67},[53,60206,84],{"class":71},[53,60208,35496],{"class":75},[53,60210,72],{"class":71},[53,60212,101],{"class":67},[1418,60214,60216],{"id":60215},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60218,60219],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[173,60221,60222,60225,60228,60233],{},[176,60223,60224],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[176,60226,60227],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[176,60229,60230,60231],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60232,24326],{},[176,60234,8001,60235,60238],{},[15,60236,60237],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1418,60240,60242],{"id":60241},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[44,60244,60246],{"className":46,"code":60245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60247,60248,60258,60272,60286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60249,60250,60252,60254,60256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60251,137],{"class":136},[53,60253,121],{"class":67},[53,60255,215],{"class":117},[53,60257,130],{"class":67},[53,60259,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60261,137],{"class":136},[53,60263,121],{"class":67},[53,60265,1321],{"class":1320},[53,60267,121],{"class":67},[53,60269,215],{"class":117},[53,60271,628],{"class":67},[53,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,60275,137],{"class":136},[53,60277,121],{"class":67},[53,60279,10711],{"class":136},[53,60281,121],{"class":67},[53,60283,215],{"class":117},[53,60285,628],{"class":67},[53,60287,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,60289,137],{"class":136},[53,60291,121],{"class":67},[53,60293,7643],{"class":1320},[53,60295,121],{"class":67},[53,60297,59530],{"class":136},[53,60299,121],{"class":67},[53,60301,1698],{"class":333},[53,60303,2472],{"class":67},[20,60305,25553],{},[173,60307,60308,60311,60314,60317],{},[176,60309,60310],{},"what the list contains",[176,60312,60313],{},"whether the value is really a list",[176,60315,60316],{},"how many items it has",[176,60318,25564,60319,60321,60322],{},[15,60320,24326],{}," does with ",[15,60323,35741],{},[39,60325,60327],{"id":60326},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60329,60330],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60332,60333],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[173,60335,60336,60351,60356],{},[176,60337,152,60338,891,60342,894,60346,60350],{},[195,60339,60340],{"href":56304},[15,60341,52195],{},[195,60343,60344],{"href":52884},[15,60345,52986],{},[195,60347,60348],{"href":53447},[15,60349,53807],{}," to add items later",[176,60352,152,60353,60355],{},[195,60354,58927],{"href":50522}," for a broader introduction",[176,60357,152,60358,60362],{},[195,60359,60360,59590],{"href":59587},[15,60361,24326],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[39,60364,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,60366,60368],{"id":60367},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60370,60371],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[44,60373,60374],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60375,60376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60377,60378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60379,37839],{"class":67},[1418,60381,60383],{"id":60382},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60385,60386],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[44,60388,60389],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60390,60391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60392,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60394,1226],{"class":67},[53,60396,517],{"class":333},[53,60398,81],{"class":67},[53,60400,790],{"class":333},[53,60402,81],{"class":67},[53,60404,1269],{"class":333},[53,60406,101],{"class":67},[1418,60408,1421,60410,60412],{"id":60409},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60411,24326],{}," do in Python?",[20,60414,60415,60416,60418],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60417,35741],{},", into a list.",[1418,60420,60422],{"id":60421},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60424,60425],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1418,60427,4731,60429,667,60431,1459],{"id":60428},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60430,3347],{},[15,60432,6917],{},[20,60434,60435,60437,60438,60440],{},[15,60436,3347],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60439,6917],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[39,60442,1471],{"id":1470},[173,60444,60445,60449,60455,60461,60467,60473,60477],{},[176,60446,60447],{},[195,60448,58927],{"href":50522},[176,60450,60451],{},[195,60452,656,60453,18],{"href":56304},[15,60454,52195],{},[176,60456,60457],{},[195,60458,656,60459,18],{"href":52884},[15,60460,52986],{},[176,60462,60463],{},[195,60464,656,60465,18],{"href":53447},[15,60466,53807],{},[176,60468,60469],{},[195,60470,3138,60471,3142],{"href":59587},[15,60472,24326],{},[176,60474,60475],{},[195,60476,58930],{"href":58028},[176,60478,60479],{},[195,60480,60481],{"href":11616},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60483,60484,60485,60487],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60486,52195],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1494,60489,60490],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":60492},[60493,60494,60495,60496,60499,60500,60506,60507,60517,60518,60527],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":58822,"depth":104,"text":58823},{"id":58933,"depth":104,"text":58934,"children":60497},[60498],{"id":59135,"depth":133,"text":59136},{"id":59151,"depth":104,"text":59152},{"id":59348,"depth":104,"text":60501,"children":60502},"Create a list with list()",[60503,60504,60505],{"id":59373,"depth":133,"text":59374},{"id":59446,"depth":133,"text":59447},{"id":59511,"depth":133,"text":59512},{"id":59593,"depth":104,"text":59594},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":60508},[60509,60510,60512,60514,60515,60516],{"id":59730,"depth":133,"text":59731},{"id":59789,"depth":133,"text":60511},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59909,"depth":133,"text":60513},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60130,"depth":133,"text":60131},{"id":60215,"depth":133,"text":60216},{"id":60241,"depth":133,"text":60242},{"id":60326,"depth":104,"text":60327},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":60519},[60520,60521,60522,60524,60525],{"id":60367,"depth":133,"text":60368},{"id":60382,"depth":133,"text":60383},{"id":60409,"depth":133,"text":60523},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60421,"depth":133,"text":60422},{"id":60428,"depth":133,"text":60526},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58564,"description":60528},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60535,"title":60536,"body":60537,"description":62278,"extension":1524,"meta":62279,"navigation":372,"path":62280,"seo":62281,"stem":62282,"__hash__":62283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60538,"toc":62233},[60539,60544,60549,60552,60554,60625,60630,60635,60639,60653,60658,60660,60680,60685,60688,60711,60715,60720,60812,60814,60836,60842,60848,60855,60862,60868,60925,60931,60989,60991,61003,61011,61017,61022,61026,61083,61086,61090,61149,61152,61156,61214,61226,61230,61283,61286,61290,61296,61302,61364,61367,61428,61431,61487,61492,61494,61498,61505,61566,61571,61580,61636,61643,61647,61705,61714,61772,61776,61811,61815,61825,61828,61883,61897,61900,62015,62020,62024,62035,62037,62116,62126,62128,62133,62138,62145,62153,62159,62162,62168,62171,62177,62183,62185,62221,62230],[10,60540,13,60542,18],{"id":60541},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60543,52986],{},[20,60545,60546,60548],{},[15,60547,52887],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60550,60551],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[39,60553,1566],{"id":1565},[44,60555,60557],{"className":46,"code":60556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60558,60559,60575,60592,60596,60611,60621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60560,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60562,326],{"class":59},[53,60564,64],{"class":63},[53,60566,68],{"class":67},[53,60568,517],{"class":333},[53,60570,81],{"class":67},[53,60572,790],{"class":333},[53,60574,101],{"class":67},[53,60576,60577,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60578,60579],{"class":59},"more_numbers ",[53,60581,64],{"class":63},[53,60583,68],{"class":67},[53,60585,882],{"class":333},[53,60587,81],{"class":67},[53,60589,826],{"class":333},[53,60591,101],{"class":67},[53,60593,60594],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,60595,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60609],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,60599,3209],{"class":59},[53,60601,37],{"class":67},[53,60603,53016],{"class":117},[53,60605,121],{"class":67},[53,60607,60608],{"class":117},"more_numbers",[53,60610,130],{"class":67},[53,60612,60613,60615,60617,60619],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,60614,137],{"class":136},[53,60616,121],{"class":67},[53,60618,3209],{"class":117},[53,60620,130],{"class":67},[53,60622,60623],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,60624,52265],{"class":148},[20,60626,152,60627,60629],{},[15,60628,52986],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[39,60631,163,60633,166],{"id":60632},"what-listextend-does",[15,60634,52887],{},[20,60636,60637,171],{},[15,60638,52986],{},[173,60640,60641,60644,60646,60649],{},[176,60642,60643],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[176,60645,53966],{},[176,60647,60648],{},"Does not create a new list",[176,60650,10973,60651],{},[15,60652,3338],{},[20,60654,60655,60656,53340],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60657,52986],{},[39,60659,202],{"id":201},[44,60661,60663],{"className":46,"code":60662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60664,60665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60666,60667,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60668,60669],{"class":59},"list_name",[53,60671,37],{"class":67},[53,60673,53016],{"class":117},[53,60675,121],{"class":67},[53,60677,3280],{"class":117},[53,60679,130],{"class":67},[20,60681,5004,60682,60684],{},[30,60683,3280],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60686,60687],{},"Common iterables include:",[173,60689,60690,60694,60698,60702,60707],{},[176,60691,60692],{},[15,60693,7643],{},[176,60695,60696],{},[15,60697,48495],{},[176,60699,60700],{},[15,60701,5839],{},[176,60703,60704],{},[15,60705,60706],{},"string",[176,60708,60709],{},[15,60710,59530],{},[39,60712,60714],{"id":60713},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60716,60717,60718,171],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60719,52986],{},[44,60721,60723],{"className":46,"code":60722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60724,60725,60749,60774,60778,60793,60797,60807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60728,420],{"class":59},[53,60730,64],{"class":63},[53,60732,68],{"class":67},[53,60734,72],{"class":71},[53,60736,76],{"class":75},[53,60738,72],{"class":71},[53,60740,81],{"class":67},[53,60742,84],{"class":71},[53,60744,87],{"class":75},[53,60746,72],{"class":71},[53,60748,101],{"class":67},[53,60750,60751,60754,60756,60758,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60752,60753],{"class":59},"more_fruits ",[53,60755,64],{"class":63},[53,60757,68],{"class":67},[53,60759,72],{"class":71},[53,60761,967],{"class":75},[53,60763,72],{"class":71},[53,60765,81],{"class":67},[53,60767,84],{"class":71},[53,60769,22078],{"class":75},[53,60771,72],{"class":71},[53,60773,101],{"class":67},[53,60775,60776],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,60777,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,60779,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60791],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,60781,35833],{"class":59},[53,60783,37],{"class":67},[53,60785,53016],{"class":117},[53,60787,121],{"class":67},[53,60789,60790],{"class":117},"more_fruits",[53,60792,130],{"class":67},[53,60794,60795],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,60796,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,60798,60799,60801,60803,60805],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,60800,137],{"class":136},[53,60802,121],{"class":67},[53,60804,35833],{"class":117},[53,60806,130],{"class":67},[53,60808,60809],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,60810,60811],{"class":148},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60813,11234],{},[173,60815,60816,60821,60826],{},[176,60817,60818,60820],{},[15,60819,35833],{}," starts with two items",[176,60822,60823,60825],{},[15,60824,60790],{}," has two more items",[176,60827,60828,60830,60831,60833,60834],{},[15,60829,52986],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60832,60790],{}," to ",[15,60835,35833],{},[20,60837,60838,60839,60841],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60840,35833],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60843,193,60844,667,60846,37],{},[195,60845,198],{"href":50522},[195,60847,56690],{"href":56689},[39,60849,60851,10136,60853],{"id":60850},"extend-vs-append",[15,60852,52986],{},[15,60854,52195],{},[20,60856,60857,667,60859,60861],{},[15,60858,52986],{},[15,60860,52195],{}," are often confused.",[1418,60863,60865,60867],{"id":60864},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60866,52986],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[44,60869,60871],{"className":46,"code":60870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60872,60873,60889,60907,60911,60921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60874,60875,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60876,326],{"class":59},[53,60878,64],{"class":63},[53,60880,68],{"class":67},[53,60882,517],{"class":333},[53,60884,81],{"class":67},[53,60886,790],{"class":333},[53,60888,101],{"class":67},[53,60890,60891,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60892,3209],{"class":59},[53,60894,37],{"class":67},[53,60896,53016],{"class":117},[53,60898,2546],{"class":67},[53,60900,882],{"class":333},[53,60902,81],{"class":67},[53,60904,826],{"class":333},[53,60906,3449],{"class":67},[53,60908,60909],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,60910,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,60912,60913,60915,60917,60919],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,60914,137],{"class":136},[53,60916,121],{"class":67},[53,60918,3209],{"class":117},[53,60920,130],{"class":67},[53,60922,60923],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,60924,52265],{"class":148},[1418,60926,60928,60930],{"id":60927},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60929,52195],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[44,60932,60934],{"className":46,"code":60933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60935,60936,60952,60970,60974,60984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60937,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60939,326],{"class":59},[53,60941,64],{"class":63},[53,60943,68],{"class":67},[53,60945,517],{"class":333},[53,60947,81],{"class":67},[53,60949,790],{"class":333},[53,60951,101],{"class":67},[53,60953,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964,60966,60968],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60955,3209],{"class":59},[53,60957,37],{"class":67},[53,60959,13103],{"class":117},[53,60961,2546],{"class":67},[53,60963,882],{"class":333},[53,60965,81],{"class":67},[53,60967,826],{"class":333},[53,60969,3449],{"class":67},[53,60971,60972],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,60973,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,60975,60976,60978,60980,60982],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,60977,137],{"class":136},[53,60979,121],{"class":67},[53,60981,3209],{"class":117},[53,60983,130],{"class":67},[53,60985,60986],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,60987,60988],{"class":148},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60990,18242],{},[173,60992,60993,60998],{},[176,60994,60995,60997],{},[15,60996,52986],{}," to combine values",[176,60999,61000,61002],{},[15,61001,52195],{}," to add one item",[20,61004,41635,61005,667,61009,37],{},[195,61006,656,61007,660],{"href":56304},[15,61008,52195],{},[195,61010,52589],{"href":52588},[39,61012,664,61014,61016],{"id":61013},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61015,52986],{}," with different iterables",[20,61018,61019,61021],{},[15,61020,52986],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1418,61023,61025],{"id":61024},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[44,61027,61029],{"className":46,"code":61028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61030,61031,61047,61065,61069,61079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61032,61033,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043,61045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61034,3383],{"class":59},[53,61036,64],{"class":63},[53,61038,68],{"class":67},[53,61040,517],{"class":333},[53,61042,81],{"class":67},[53,61044,790],{"class":333},[53,61046,101],{"class":67},[53,61048,61049,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61050,4911],{"class":59},[53,61052,37],{"class":67},[53,61054,53016],{"class":117},[53,61056,5062],{"class":67},[53,61058,882],{"class":333},[53,61060,81],{"class":67},[53,61062,826],{"class":333},[53,61064,628],{"class":67},[53,61066,61067],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61068,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61070,61071,61073,61075,61077],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61072,137],{"class":136},[53,61074,121],{"class":67},[53,61076,4911],{"class":117},[53,61078,130],{"class":67},[53,61080,61081],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61082,52265],{"class":148},[20,61084,61085],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1418,61087,61089],{"id":61088},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[44,61091,61093],{"className":46,"code":61092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61094,61095,61111,61130,61134,61144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61096,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61098,687],{"class":59},[53,61100,64],{"class":63},[53,61102,68],{"class":67},[53,61104,72],{"class":71},[53,61106,195],{"class":75},[53,61108,72],{"class":71},[53,61110,101],{"class":67},[53,61112,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61126,61128],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61114,747],{"class":59},[53,61116,37],{"class":67},[53,61118,53016],{"class":117},[53,61120,121],{"class":67},[53,61122,72],{"class":71},[53,61124,61125],{"class":75},"bc",[53,61127,72],{"class":71},[53,61129,130],{"class":67},[53,61131,61132],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61133,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61135,61136,61138,61140,61142],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61137,137],{"class":136},[53,61139,121],{"class":67},[53,61141,747],{"class":117},[53,61143,130],{"class":67},[53,61145,61146],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61147,61148],{"class":148},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61150,61151],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1418,61153,61155],{"id":61154},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[44,61157,61159],{"className":46,"code":61158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61160,61161,61173,61195,61199,61209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61162,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61164,326],{"class":59},[53,61166,64],{"class":63},[53,61168,68],{"class":67},[53,61170,187],{"class":333},[53,61172,101],{"class":67},[53,61174,61175,61177,61179,61181,61183,61185,61187,61189,61191,61193],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61176,3209],{"class":59},[53,61178,37],{"class":67},[53,61180,53016],{"class":117},[53,61182,121],{"class":67},[53,61184,59530],{"class":136},[53,61186,121],{"class":67},[53,61188,517],{"class":333},[53,61190,81],{"class":67},[53,61192,826],{"class":333},[53,61194,628],{"class":67},[53,61196,61197],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61198,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61202,137],{"class":136},[53,61204,121],{"class":67},[53,61206,3209],{"class":117},[53,61208,130],{"class":67},[53,61210,61211],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61212,61213],{"class":148},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61215,61216,61219,61220,891,61222,894,61224,37],{},[15,61217,61218],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61221,517],{},[15,61223,525],{},[15,61225,882],{},[1418,61227,61229],{"id":61228},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[44,61231,61233],{"className":46,"code":61232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61234,61235,61251,61269,61273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61236,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61238,60],{"class":59},[53,61240,64],{"class":63},[53,61242,68],{"class":67},[53,61244,517],{"class":333},[53,61246,81],{"class":67},[53,61248,790],{"class":333},[53,61250,101],{"class":67},[53,61252,61253,61255,61257,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61254,956],{"class":59},[53,61256,37],{"class":67},[53,61258,53016],{"class":117},[53,61260,5081],{"class":67},[53,61262,882],{"class":333},[53,61264,81],{"class":67},[53,61266,826],{"class":333},[53,61268,30041],{"class":67},[53,61270,61271],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61272,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61274,61275,61277,61279,61281],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61276,137],{"class":136},[53,61278,121],{"class":67},[53,61280,956],{"class":117},[53,61282,130],{"class":67},[20,61284,61285],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[39,61287,61289],{"id":61288},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61291,61292,532,61294,37],{},[15,61293,52986],{},[15,61295,3338],{},[20,61297,61298,61299,171],{},"That means this is ",[30,61300,61301],{},"wrong",[44,61303,61305],{"className":46,"code":61304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61306,61307,61323,61345,61349,61359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61308,61309,61311,61313,61315,61317,61319,61321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61310,326],{"class":59},[53,61312,64],{"class":63},[53,61314,68],{"class":67},[53,61316,517],{"class":333},[53,61318,81],{"class":67},[53,61320,790],{"class":333},[53,61322,101],{"class":67},[53,61324,61325,61327,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61326,351],{"class":59},[53,61328,64],{"class":63},[53,61330,356],{"class":59},[53,61332,37],{"class":67},[53,61334,53016],{"class":117},[53,61336,2546],{"class":67},[53,61338,882],{"class":333},[53,61340,81],{"class":67},[53,61342,826],{"class":333},[53,61344,3449],{"class":67},[53,61346,61347],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61348,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61350,61351,61353,61355,61357],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61352,137],{"class":136},[53,61354,121],{"class":67},[53,61356,383],{"class":117},[53,61358,130],{"class":67},[53,61360,61361],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61362,61363],{"class":148},"# None\n",[20,61365,61366],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[44,61368,61370],{"className":46,"code":61369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61371,61372,61388,61410,61414,61424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61373,61374,61376,61378,61380,61382,61384,61386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61375,326],{"class":59},[53,61377,64],{"class":63},[53,61379,68],{"class":67},[53,61381,517],{"class":333},[53,61383,81],{"class":67},[53,61385,790],{"class":333},[53,61387,101],{"class":67},[53,61389,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61391,326],{"class":59},[53,61393,64],{"class":63},[53,61395,356],{"class":59},[53,61397,37],{"class":67},[53,61399,53016],{"class":117},[53,61401,2546],{"class":67},[53,61403,882],{"class":333},[53,61405,81],{"class":67},[53,61407,826],{"class":333},[53,61409,3449],{"class":67},[53,61411,61412],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61413,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61415,61416,61418,61420,61422],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61417,137],{"class":136},[53,61419,121],{"class":67},[53,61421,3209],{"class":117},[53,61423,130],{"class":67},[53,61425,61426],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61427,61363],{"class":148},[20,61429,61430],{},"The correct way is:",[44,61432,61433],{"className":46,"code":60870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61434,61435,61451,61469,61473,61483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61436,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61438,326],{"class":59},[53,61440,64],{"class":63},[53,61442,68],{"class":67},[53,61444,517],{"class":333},[53,61446,81],{"class":67},[53,61448,790],{"class":333},[53,61450,101],{"class":67},[53,61452,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61454,3209],{"class":59},[53,61456,37],{"class":67},[53,61458,53016],{"class":117},[53,61460,2546],{"class":67},[53,61462,882],{"class":333},[53,61464,81],{"class":67},[53,61466,826],{"class":333},[53,61468,3449],{"class":67},[53,61470,61471],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61472,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61474,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61476,137],{"class":136},[53,61478,121],{"class":67},[53,61480,3209],{"class":117},[53,61482,130],{"class":67},[53,61484,61485],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61486,52265],{"class":148},[20,61488,55444,61489,61491],{},[15,61490,52986],{}," first, then use the original list.",[39,61493,1129],{"id":1128},[20,61495,14284,61496,37],{},[15,61497,52986],{},[1418,61499,61501,61502,61504],{"id":61500},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61503,52986],{}," to return a new list",[44,61506,61508],{"className":46,"code":61507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61509,61510,61526,61548,61552,61562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61511,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61513,326],{"class":59},[53,61515,64],{"class":63},[53,61517,68],{"class":67},[53,61519,517],{"class":333},[53,61521,81],{"class":67},[53,61523,790],{"class":333},[53,61525,101],{"class":67},[53,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61529,55177],{"class":59},[53,61531,64],{"class":63},[53,61533,356],{"class":59},[53,61535,37],{"class":67},[53,61537,53016],{"class":117},[53,61539,2546],{"class":67},[53,61541,882],{"class":333},[53,61543,81],{"class":67},[53,61545,826],{"class":333},[53,61547,3449],{"class":67},[53,61549,61550],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61551,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61553,61554,61556,61558,61560],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61555,137],{"class":136},[53,61557,121],{"class":67},[53,61559,55196],{"class":117},[53,61561,130],{"class":67},[53,61563,61564],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61565,61363],{"class":148},[20,61567,61568,61569,37],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61570,52986],{},[1418,61572,61574,61575,44173,61577,61579],{"id":61573},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61576,52195],{},[15,61578,52986],{}," is needed",[44,61581,61582],{"className":46,"code":60933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61583,61584,61600,61618,61622,61632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61585,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61587,326],{"class":59},[53,61589,64],{"class":63},[53,61591,68],{"class":67},[53,61593,517],{"class":333},[53,61595,81],{"class":67},[53,61597,790],{"class":333},[53,61599,101],{"class":67},[53,61601,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61603,3209],{"class":59},[53,61605,37],{"class":67},[53,61607,13103],{"class":117},[53,61609,2546],{"class":67},[53,61611,882],{"class":333},[53,61613,81],{"class":67},[53,61615,826],{"class":333},[53,61617,3449],{"class":67},[53,61619,61620],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61621,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61623,61624,61626,61628,61630],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61625,137],{"class":136},[53,61627,121],{"class":67},[53,61629,3209],{"class":117},[53,61631,130],{"class":67},[53,61633,61634],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61635,60988],{"class":148},[20,61637,61638,61639,53430,61641,1442],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61640,53429],{},[15,61642,52986],{},[1418,61644,61646],{"id":61645},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[44,61648,61650],{"className":46,"code":61649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61651,61652,61668,61686,61690,61700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61653,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61655,3631],{"class":59},[53,61657,64],{"class":63},[53,61659,68],{"class":67},[53,61661,72],{"class":71},[53,61663,3406],{"class":75},[53,61665,72],{"class":71},[53,61667,101],{"class":67},[53,61669,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61671,3672],{"class":59},[53,61673,37],{"class":67},[53,61675,53016],{"class":117},[53,61677,121],{"class":67},[53,61679,72],{"class":71},[53,61681,60123],{"class":75},[53,61683,72],{"class":71},[53,61685,130],{"class":67},[53,61687,61688],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61689,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61691,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61693,137],{"class":136},[53,61695,121],{"class":67},[53,61697,3672],{"class":117},[53,61699,130],{"class":67},[53,61701,61702],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61703,61704],{"class":148},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61706,61707,61708,61711,61712,171],{},"If you want ",[15,61709,61710],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61713,52195],{},[44,61715,61717],{"className":46,"code":61716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61718,61719,61735,61753,61757,61767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61720,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61722,3631],{"class":59},[53,61724,64],{"class":63},[53,61726,68],{"class":67},[53,61728,72],{"class":71},[53,61730,3406],{"class":75},[53,61732,72],{"class":71},[53,61734,101],{"class":67},[53,61736,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61738,3672],{"class":59},[53,61740,37],{"class":67},[53,61742,13103],{"class":117},[53,61744,121],{"class":67},[53,61746,72],{"class":71},[53,61748,60123],{"class":75},[53,61750,72],{"class":71},[53,61752,130],{"class":67},[53,61754,61755],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61756,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61758,61759,61761,61763,61765],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61760,137],{"class":136},[53,61762,121],{"class":67},[53,61764,3672],{"class":117},[53,61766,130],{"class":67},[53,61768,61769],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61770,61771],{"class":148},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1418,61773,61775],{"id":61774},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[44,61777,61779],{"className":46,"code":61778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61780,61781,61797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61782,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61784,326],{"class":59},[53,61786,64],{"class":63},[53,61788,68],{"class":67},[53,61790,517],{"class":333},[53,61792,81],{"class":67},[53,61794,790],{"class":333},[53,61796,101],{"class":67},[53,61798,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61800,3209],{"class":59},[53,61802,37],{"class":67},[53,61804,53016],{"class":117},[53,61806,121],{"class":67},[53,61808,1698],{"class":333},[53,61810,130],{"class":67},[20,61812,974,61813,6103],{},[15,61814,1698],{},[20,61816,61817,61818,61820,61821,61824],{},"You will get a ",[15,61819,2565],{},". See ",[195,61822,61823],{"href":52142},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61826,61827],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[44,61829,61831],{"className":46,"code":61830,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61832,61833,61843,61857,61869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61834,61835,61837,61839,61841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61836,137],{"class":136},[53,61838,121],{"class":67},[53,61840,215],{"class":117},[53,61842,130],{"class":67},[53,61844,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61846,137],{"class":136},[53,61848,121],{"class":67},[53,61850,1321],{"class":1320},[53,61852,121],{"class":67},[53,61854,4911],{"class":117},[53,61856,628],{"class":67},[53,61858,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61860,137],{"class":136},[53,61862,121],{"class":67},[53,61864,383],{"class":117},[53,61866,145],{"class":67},[53,61868,130],{"class":59},[53,61870,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61872,31697],{"class":136},[53,61874,121],{"class":67},[53,61876,7643],{"class":1320},[53,61878,37],{"class":67},[53,61880,53016],{"class":1223},[53,61882,130],{"class":67},[43123,61884,61885],{},[20,61886,61887,61888,61891,61892,61894,61895,37],{},"Note: ",[15,61889,61890],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61893,145],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61896,32572],{},[20,61898,61899],{},"Correct debugging example:",[44,61901,61903],{"className":46,"code":61902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61904,61905,61921,61937,61941,61955,61959,61967,61977,61991,62001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61906,61907,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61908,7858],{"class":59},[53,61910,64],{"class":63},[53,61912,68],{"class":67},[53,61914,517],{"class":333},[53,61916,81],{"class":67},[53,61918,790],{"class":333},[53,61920,101],{"class":67},[53,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61924,3383],{"class":59},[53,61926,64],{"class":63},[53,61928,68],{"class":67},[53,61930,882],{"class":333},[53,61932,81],{"class":67},[53,61934,826],{"class":333},[53,61936,101],{"class":67},[53,61938,61939],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,61940,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61942,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,61944,215],{"class":59},[53,61946,37],{"class":67},[53,61948,53016],{"class":117},[53,61950,121],{"class":67},[53,61952,4911],{"class":117},[53,61954,130],{"class":67},[53,61956,61957],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,61958,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,61960,61961,61963,61965],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,61962,351],{"class":59},[53,61964,64],{"class":63},[53,61966,48069],{"class":3413},[53,61968,61969,61971,61973,61975],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,61970,137],{"class":136},[53,61972,121],{"class":67},[53,61974,215],{"class":117},[53,61976,130],{"class":67},[53,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,61980,137],{"class":136},[53,61982,121],{"class":67},[53,61984,1321],{"class":1320},[53,61986,121],{"class":67},[53,61988,4911],{"class":117},[53,61990,628],{"class":67},[53,61992,61993,61995,61997,61999],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,61994,137],{"class":136},[53,61996,121],{"class":67},[53,61998,383],{"class":117},[53,62000,130],{"class":67},[53,62002,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,62004,31697],{"class":136},[53,62006,121],{"class":67},[53,62008,7643],{"class":1320},[53,62010,37],{"class":67},[53,62012,53016],{"class":1223},[53,62014,130],{"class":67},[39,62016,1391,62018],{"id":62017},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62019,52986],{},[20,62021,152,62022,5870],{},[15,62023,52986],{},[173,62025,62026,62029,62032],{},[176,62027,62028],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[176,62030,62031],{},"Add multiple values at once",[176,62033,62034],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62036,5024],{},[44,62038,62040],{"className":46,"code":62039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62041,62042,62059,62077,62081,62097,62101,62111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62043,62044,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62045,62046],{"class":59},"all_scores ",[53,62048,64],{"class":63},[53,62050,68],{"class":67},[53,62052,13052],{"class":333},[53,62054,81],{"class":67},[53,62056,13057],{"class":333},[53,62058,101],{"class":67},[53,62060,62061,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072,62075],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62062,62063],{"class":59},"new_scores ",[53,62065,64],{"class":63},[53,62067,68],{"class":67},[53,62069,51048],{"class":333},[53,62071,81],{"class":67},[53,62073,62074],{"class":333}," 92",[53,62076,101],{"class":67},[53,62078,62079],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,62080,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,62082,62083,62086,62088,62090,62092,62095],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,62084,62085],{"class":59},"all_scores",[53,62087,37],{"class":67},[53,62089,53016],{"class":117},[53,62091,121],{"class":67},[53,62093,62094],{"class":117},"new_scores",[53,62096,130],{"class":67},[53,62098,62099],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,62100,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,62102,62103,62105,62107,62109],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,62104,137],{"class":136},[53,62106,121],{"class":67},[53,62108,62085],{"class":117},[53,62110,130],{"class":67},[53,62112,62113],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,62114,62115],{"class":148},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62117,62118,62119,62121,62122,37],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62120,52195],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[195,62123,656,62124,660],{"href":53447},[15,62125,53807],{},[39,62127,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,62129,1431,62131,55005],{"id":62130},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62132,52887],{},[20,62134,62135,62136,37],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62137,3338],{},[1418,62139,4731,62141,667,62143,1459],{"id":62140},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62142,52986],{},[15,62144,52195],{},[20,62146,62147,62149,62150,62152],{},[15,62148,52986],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62151,52195],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1418,62154,27872,62156,62158],{"id":62155},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62157,52986],{}," with a string?",[20,62160,62161],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1418,62163,27872,62165,62167],{"id":62164},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62166,52986],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62169,62170],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1418,62172,62174,62175,1459],{"id":62173},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62176,52986],{},[20,62178,62179,62180,62182],{},"You get a ",[15,62181,2565],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[39,62184,1471],{"id":1470},[173,62186,62187,62193,62197,62201,62205,62211,62215],{},[176,62188,62189],{},[195,62190,656,62191,660],{"href":56304},[15,62192,52195],{},[176,62194,62195],{},[195,62196,53817],{"href":52588},[176,62198,62199],{},[195,62200,56764],{"href":56689},[176,62202,62203],{},[195,62204,198],{"href":50522},[176,62206,62207],{},[195,62208,656,62209,660],{"href":53447},[15,62210,53807],{},[176,62212,62213],{},[195,62214,61823],{"href":52142},[176,62216,62217],{},[195,62218,656,62219,660],{"href":54496},[15,62220,12328],{},[20,62222,62223,62224,62226,62227,62229],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62225,52195],{},", when to use ",[15,62228,53807],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1494,62231,62232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":62234},[62235,62236,62238,62239,62240,62247,62254,62255,62263,62265,62277],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":60632,"depth":104,"text":62237},"What list.extend() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":60713,"depth":104,"text":60714},{"id":60850,"depth":104,"text":62241,"children":62242},"extend() vs append()",[62243,62245],{"id":60864,"depth":133,"text":62244},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60927,"depth":133,"text":62246},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61013,"depth":104,"text":62248,"children":62249},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62250,62251,62252,62253],{"id":61024,"depth":133,"text":61025},{"id":61088,"depth":133,"text":61089},{"id":61154,"depth":133,"text":61155},{"id":61228,"depth":133,"text":61229},{"id":61288,"depth":104,"text":61289},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":62256},[62257,62259,62261,62262],{"id":61500,"depth":133,"text":62258},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61573,"depth":133,"text":62260},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61645,"depth":133,"text":61646},{"id":61774,"depth":133,"text":61775},{"id":62017,"depth":104,"text":62264},"When to use extend()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":62266},[62267,62269,62271,62273,62275],{"id":62130,"depth":133,"text":62268},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62140,"depth":133,"text":62270},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62155,"depth":133,"text":62272},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62164,"depth":133,"text":62274},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62173,"depth":133,"text":62276},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60536,"description":62278},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62285,"title":62286,"body":62287,"description":64378,"extension":1524,"meta":64379,"navigation":372,"path":64380,"seo":64381,"stem":64382,"__hash__":64383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62288,"toc":64341},[62289,62292,62297,62303,62314,62320,62322,62391,62393,62442,62450,62454,62459,62462,62473,62478,62480,62482,62503,62516,62519,62532,62534,62539,62564,62566,62574,62577,62646,62648,62672,62678,62682,62686,62722,62724,62744,62751,62755,62788,62790,62824,62829,62833,62866,62868,62896,62904,62908,62945,62947,62968,62971,62975,63044,63046,63070,63076,63083,63087,63090,63092,63106,63109,63133,63135,63160,63163,63182,63184,63210,63219,63223,63230,63307,63309,63350,63356,63362,63453,63455,63511,63514,63519,63523,63528,63532,63591,63593,63618,63622,63685,63687,63712,63716,63779,63781,63824,63827,63831,63835,63857,63861,63943,63945,63980,63988,63990,63994,63998,64000,64027,64032,64034,64061,64068,64071,64094,64096,64145,64148,64151,64170,64174,64177,64228,64231,64237,64241,64246,64249,64251,64257,64266,64270,64276,64280,64283,64287,64290,64294,64300,64302,64338],[10,62290,62286],{"id":62291},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62293,8673,62294,62296],{},[15,62295,24326],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62298,62299,62300,62302],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62301,24326],{}," for two main reasons:",[173,62304,62305,62308],{},[176,62306,62307],{},"to make an empty list",[176,62309,62310,62311,62313],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62312,59530],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62315,62316,62317,62319],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62318,24326],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[39,62321,1566],{"id":1565},[44,62323,62325],{"className":46,"code":62324,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62326,62327,62349,62367,62371,62381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62328,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62330,326],{"class":59},[53,62332,64],{"class":63},[53,62334,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62336,5062],{"class":67},[53,62338,517],{"class":333},[53,62340,81],{"class":67},[53,62342,790],{"class":333},[53,62344,81],{"class":67},[53,62346,1269],{"class":333},[53,62348,628],{"class":67},[53,62350,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62352,687],{"class":59},[53,62354,64],{"class":63},[53,62356,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62358,121],{"class":67},[53,62360,72],{"class":71},[53,62362,41102],{"class":75},[53,62364,72],{"class":71},[53,62366,130],{"class":67},[53,62368,62369],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,62370,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,62374,137],{"class":136},[53,62376,121],{"class":67},[53,62378,3209],{"class":117},[53,62380,130],{"class":67},[53,62382,62383,62385,62387,62389],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,62384,137],{"class":136},[53,62386,121],{"class":67},[53,62388,747],{"class":117},[53,62390,130],{"class":67},[20,62392,388],{},[44,62394,62396],{"className":46,"code":62395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62397,62398,62414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62399,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62401,1226],{"class":67},[53,62403,517],{"class":333},[53,62405,81],{"class":67},[53,62407,790],{"class":333},[53,62409,81],{"class":67},[53,62411,1269],{"class":333},[53,62413,101],{"class":67},[53,62415,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62417,1226],{"class":67},[53,62419,2862],{"class":71},[53,62421,195],{"class":75},[53,62423,2862],{"class":71},[53,62425,81],{"class":67},[53,62427,2857],{"class":71},[53,62429,704],{"class":75},[53,62431,2862],{"class":71},[53,62433,81],{"class":67},[53,62435,2857],{"class":71},[53,62437,713],{"class":75},[53,62439,2862],{"class":71},[53,62441,101],{"class":67},[20,62443,152,62444,62446,62447,62449],{},[15,62445,24326],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62448,59530],{},", set, or dictionary.",[39,62451,62453],{"id":62452},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62455,62456,62458],{},[15,62457,24326],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62460,62461],{},"It can:",[173,62463,62464,62467,62470],{},[176,62465,62466],{},"create a new list object",[176,62468,62469],{},"make an empty list",[176,62471,62472],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62474,62475,62476,37],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[195,62477,198],{"href":50522},[39,62479,202],{"id":201},[20,62481,26032],{},[44,62483,62485],{"className":46,"code":62484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62486,62487,62493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62488,62489,62491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62490,7643],{"class":1320},[53,62492,8192],{"class":67},[53,62494,62495,62497,62499,62501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62496,7643],{"class":1320},[53,62498,121],{"class":67},[53,62500,3280],{"class":117},[53,62502,130],{"class":67},[173,62504,62505,62510],{},[176,62506,62507,62509],{},[15,62508,24326],{}," makes an empty list",[176,62511,62512,62515],{},[15,62513,62514],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62517,62518],{},"Common iterable values include:",[173,62520,62521,62523,62525,62527,62530],{},[176,62522,4861],{},[176,62524,4855],{},[176,62526,4858],{},[176,62528,62529],{},"ranges",[176,62531,6802],{},[39,62533,59152],{"id":59151},[20,62535,152,62536,62538],{},[15,62537,24326],{}," with no arguments:",[44,62540,62542],{"className":46,"code":62541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62543,62544,62554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62547,60],{"class":59},[53,62549,64],{"class":63},[53,62551,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62553,8192],{"class":67},[53,62555,62556,62558,62560,62562],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62557,137],{"class":136},[53,62559,121],{"class":67},[53,62561,956],{"class":117},[53,62563,130],{"class":67},[20,62565,388],{},[44,62567,62568],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62569,62570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62571,62572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62573,37839],{"class":67},[20,62575,62576],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[44,62578,62580],{"className":46,"code":62579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62581,62582,62592,62596,62614,62632,62636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62583,62584,62586,62588,62590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62585,60],{"class":59},[53,62587,64],{"class":63},[53,62589,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62591,8192],{"class":67},[53,62593,62594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62595,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,62597,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,62599,956],{"class":59},[53,62601,37],{"class":67},[53,62603,13103],{"class":117},[53,62605,121],{"class":67},[53,62607,72],{"class":71},[53,62609,76],{"class":75},[53,62611,72],{"class":71},[53,62613,130],{"class":67},[53,62615,62616,62618,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,62617,956],{"class":59},[53,62619,37],{"class":67},[53,62621,13103],{"class":117},[53,62623,121],{"class":67},[53,62625,72],{"class":71},[53,62627,87],{"class":75},[53,62629,72],{"class":71},[53,62631,130],{"class":67},[53,62633,62634],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,62635,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,62637,62638,62640,62642,62644],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,62639,137],{"class":136},[53,62641,121],{"class":67},[53,62643,956],{"class":117},[53,62645,130],{"class":67},[20,62647,388],{},[44,62649,62650],{"className":46,"code":37965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62651,62652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62653,62654,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666,62668,62670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62655,1226],{"class":67},[53,62657,2862],{"class":71},[53,62659,76],{"class":75},[53,62661,2862],{"class":71},[53,62663,81],{"class":67},[53,62665,2857],{"class":71},[53,62667,87],{"class":75},[53,62669,2862],{"class":71},[53,62671,101],{"class":67},[20,62673,62674,62675,62677],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62676,3347],{},". Both are valid.",[39,62679,62681],{"id":62680},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1418,62683,62685],{"id":62684},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[44,62687,62688],{"className":46,"code":59450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62689,62690,62712],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62691,62692,62694,62696,62698,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62693,326],{"class":59},[53,62695,64],{"class":63},[53,62697,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62699,5062],{"class":67},[53,62701,517],{"class":333},[53,62703,81],{"class":67},[53,62705,790],{"class":333},[53,62707,81],{"class":67},[53,62709,1269],{"class":333},[53,62711,628],{"class":67},[53,62713,62714,62716,62718,62720],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62715,137],{"class":136},[53,62717,121],{"class":67},[53,62719,3209],{"class":117},[53,62721,130],{"class":67},[20,62723,388],{},[44,62725,62726],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62727,62728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62729,62730,62732,62734,62736,62738,62740,62742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62731,1226],{"class":67},[53,62733,517],{"class":333},[53,62735,81],{"class":67},[53,62737,790],{"class":333},[53,62739,81],{"class":67},[53,62741,1269],{"class":333},[53,62743,101],{"class":67},[20,62745,62746,62747,37],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[195,62748,62750],{"href":62749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1418,62752,62754],{"id":62753},"string-to-list","String to list",[44,62756,62758],{"className":46,"code":62757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62759,62760,62778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62761,62762,62764,62766,62768,62770,62772,62774,62776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62763,687],{"class":59},[53,62765,64],{"class":63},[53,62767,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62769,121],{"class":67},[53,62771,72],{"class":71},[53,62773,36590],{"class":75},[53,62775,72],{"class":71},[53,62777,130],{"class":67},[53,62779,62780,62782,62784,62786],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62781,137],{"class":136},[53,62783,121],{"class":67},[53,62785,747],{"class":117},[53,62787,130],{"class":67},[20,62789,388],{},[44,62791,62793],{"className":46,"code":62792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62794,62795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62796,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62820,62822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62798,1226],{"class":67},[53,62800,2862],{"class":71},[53,62802,713],{"class":75},[53,62804,2862],{"class":71},[53,62806,81],{"class":67},[53,62808,2857],{"class":71},[53,62810,195],{"class":75},[53,62812,2862],{"class":71},[53,62814,81],{"class":67},[53,62816,2857],{"class":71},[53,62818,62819],{"class":75},"t",[53,62821,2862],{"class":71},[53,62823,101],{"class":67},[20,62825,62826,62828],{},[15,62827,24326],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1418,62830,62832],{"id":62831},"range-to-list","Range to list",[44,62834,62836],{"className":46,"code":62835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62837,62838,62856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62839,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852,62854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62841,326],{"class":59},[53,62843,64],{"class":63},[53,62845,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62847,121],{"class":67},[53,62849,59530],{"class":136},[53,62851,121],{"class":67},[53,62853,1698],{"class":333},[53,62855,628],{"class":67},[53,62857,62858,62860,62862,62864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62859,137],{"class":136},[53,62861,121],{"class":67},[53,62863,3209],{"class":117},[53,62865,130],{"class":67},[20,62867,388],{},[44,62869,62870],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62871,62872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62873,62874,62876,62878,62880,62882,62884,62886,62888,62890,62892,62894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62875,1226],{"class":67},[53,62877,187],{"class":333},[53,62879,81],{"class":67},[53,62881,821],{"class":333},[53,62883,81],{"class":67},[53,62885,790],{"class":333},[53,62887,81],{"class":67},[53,62889,1269],{"class":333},[53,62891,81],{"class":67},[53,62893,826],{"class":333},[53,62895,101],{"class":67},[20,62897,62898,62899,62903],{},"This is common when working with ",[195,62900,62901],{"href":35738},[15,62902,35741],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1418,62905,62907],{"id":62906},"set-to-list","Set to list",[44,62909,62911],{"className":46,"code":62910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62912,62913,62935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62914,62915,62917,62919,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62916,3383],{"class":59},[53,62918,64],{"class":63},[53,62920,22105],{"class":1320},[53,62922,5081],{"class":67},[53,62924,334],{"class":333},[53,62926,81],{"class":67},[53,62928,339],{"class":333},[53,62930,81],{"class":67},[53,62932,344],{"class":333},[53,62934,30041],{"class":67},[53,62936,62937,62939,62941,62943],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62938,137],{"class":136},[53,62940,121],{"class":67},[53,62942,4911],{"class":117},[53,62944,130],{"class":67},[20,62946,16508],{},[44,62948,62950],{"className":46,"code":62949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62951,62952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62953,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62955,1226],{"class":67},[53,62957,334],{"class":333},[53,62959,81],{"class":67},[53,62961,339],{"class":333},[53,62963,81],{"class":67},[53,62965,344],{"class":333},[53,62967,101],{"class":67},[20,62969,62970],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1418,62972,62974],{"id":62973},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[44,62976,62978],{"className":46,"code":62977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62979,62980,63016,63030,63034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62981,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62983,12754],{"class":59},[53,62985,64],{"class":63},[53,62987,10041],{"class":67},[53,62989,72],{"class":71},[53,62991,7220],{"class":75},[53,62993,72],{"class":71},[53,62995,171],{"class":67},[53,62997,84],{"class":71},[53,62999,12432],{"class":75},[53,63001,72],{"class":71},[53,63003,81],{"class":67},[53,63005,84],{"class":71},[53,63007,8850],{"class":75},[53,63009,72],{"class":71},[53,63011,171],{"class":67},[53,63013,8857],{"class":333},[53,63015,8860],{"class":67},[53,63017,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63019,351],{"class":59},[53,63021,64],{"class":63},[53,63023,22105],{"class":1320},[53,63025,121],{"class":67},[53,63027,16855],{"class":117},[53,63029,130],{"class":67},[53,63031,63032],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,63033,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,63037,137],{"class":136},[53,63039,121],{"class":67},[53,63041,383],{"class":117},[53,63043,130],{"class":67},[20,63045,388],{},[44,63047,63048],{"className":46,"code":25026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63049,63050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63053,1226],{"class":67},[53,63055,2862],{"class":71},[53,63057,7220],{"class":75},[53,63059,2862],{"class":71},[53,63061,81],{"class":67},[53,63063,2857],{"class":71},[53,63065,8850],{"class":75},[53,63067,2862],{"class":71},[53,63069,101],{"class":67},[20,63071,63072,63073,63075],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63074,24326],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63077,63078,63079,37],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[195,63080,63082],{"href":63081},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[39,63084,63086],{"id":63085},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63088,63089],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63091,60687],{},[173,63093,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104],{},[176,63095,4852],{},[176,63097,4855],{},[176,63099,4861],{},[176,63101,4858],{},[176,63103,62529],{},[176,63105,6802],{},[20,63107,63108],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[44,63110,63112],{"className":46,"code":63111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63113,63114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63115,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63129,63131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63117,137],{"class":136},[53,63119,121],{"class":67},[53,63121,7643],{"class":1320},[53,63123,121],{"class":67},[53,63125,72],{"class":71},[53,63127,63128],{"class":75},"hi",[53,63130,72],{"class":71},[53,63132,628],{"class":67},[20,63134,388],{},[44,63136,63138],{"className":46,"code":63137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63139,63140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63143,1226],{"class":67},[53,63145,2862],{"class":71},[53,63147,59970],{"class":75},[53,63149,2862],{"class":71},[53,63151,81],{"class":67},[53,63153,2857],{"class":71},[53,63155,35697],{"class":75},[53,63157,2862],{"class":71},[53,63159,101],{"class":67},[20,63161,63162],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[44,63164,63166],{"className":46,"code":63165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63167,63168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63169,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63171,137],{"class":136},[53,63173,121],{"class":67},[53,63175,7643],{"class":1320},[53,63177,121],{"class":67},[53,63179,1698],{"class":333},[53,63181,628],{"class":67},[20,63183,388],{},[44,63185,63187],{"className":46,"code":63186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63188,63189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63190,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63192,2565],{"class":1320},[53,63194,171],{"class":67},[53,63196,2857],{"class":71},[53,63198,1750],{"class":75},[53,63200,2862],{"class":71},[53,63202,24163],{"class":1320},[53,63204,7646],{"class":63},[53,63206,7649],{"class":63},[53,63208,63209],{"class":59}," iterable\n",[20,63211,63212,63213,63215,63216,37],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[195,63214,4691],{"href":5138},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[195,63217,63218],{"href":52142},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[39,63220,63222],{"id":63221},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63224,63225,63226,63229],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63227,63228],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[44,63231,63233],{"className":46,"code":63232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63234,63235,63255,63269,63273,63283,63293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63236,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63238,11637],{"class":59},[53,63240,64],{"class":63},[53,63242,68],{"class":67},[53,63244,517],{"class":333},[53,63246,81],{"class":67},[53,63248,790],{"class":333},[53,63250,81],{"class":67},[53,63252,1269],{"class":333},[53,63254,101],{"class":67},[53,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63258,13862],{"class":59},[53,63260,64],{"class":63},[53,63262,22105],{"class":1320},[53,63264,121],{"class":67},[53,63266,11684],{"class":117},[53,63268,130],{"class":67},[53,63270,63271],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,63272,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,63276,137],{"class":136},[53,63278,121],{"class":67},[53,63280,11684],{"class":117},[53,63282,130],{"class":67},[53,63284,63285,63287,63289,63291],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,63286,137],{"class":136},[53,63288,121],{"class":67},[53,63290,13881],{"class":117},[53,63292,130],{"class":67},[53,63294,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,63296,137],{"class":136},[53,63298,121],{"class":67},[53,63300,11637],{"class":117},[53,63302,11745],{"class":1041},[53,63304,13935],{"class":117},[53,63306,130],{"class":67},[20,63308,388],{},[44,63310,63312],{"className":46,"code":63311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63313,63314,63330,63346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63315,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63317,1226],{"class":67},[53,63319,517],{"class":333},[53,63321,81],{"class":67},[53,63323,790],{"class":333},[53,63325,81],{"class":67},[53,63327,1269],{"class":333},[53,63329,101],{"class":67},[53,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63333,1226],{"class":67},[53,63335,517],{"class":333},[53,63337,81],{"class":67},[53,63339,790],{"class":333},[53,63341,81],{"class":67},[53,63343,1269],{"class":333},[53,63345,101],{"class":67},[53,63347,63348],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,63349,3601],{"class":3413},[20,63351,63352,63353,63355],{},"This means ",[15,63354,13881],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63357,63358,63359,63361],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63360,12402],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[44,63363,63365],{"className":46,"code":63364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63366,63367,63393,63407,63411,63429,63433,63443],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63370,11637],{"class":59},[53,63372,64],{"class":63},[53,63374,55829],{"class":67},[53,63376,517],{"class":333},[53,63378,81],{"class":67},[53,63380,790],{"class":333},[53,63382,17609],{"class":67},[53,63384,68],{"class":67},[53,63386,882],{"class":333},[53,63388,81],{"class":67},[53,63390,826],{"class":333},[53,63392,52782],{"class":67},[53,63394,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63396,13862],{"class":59},[53,63398,64],{"class":63},[53,63400,22105],{"class":1320},[53,63402,121],{"class":67},[53,63404,11684],{"class":117},[53,63406,130],{"class":67},[53,63408,63409],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,63410,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,63414,13881],{"class":59},[53,63416,1226],{"class":67},[53,63418,187],{"class":333},[53,63420,13100],{"class":67},[53,63422,13103],{"class":117},[53,63424,121],{"class":67},[53,63426,55882],{"class":333},[53,63428,130],{"class":67},[53,63430,63431],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,63432,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,63434,63435,63437,63439,63441],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,63436,137],{"class":136},[53,63438,121],{"class":67},[53,63440,11684],{"class":117},[53,63442,130],{"class":67},[53,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,63446,137],{"class":136},[53,63448,121],{"class":67},[53,63450,13881],{"class":117},[53,63452,130],{"class":67},[20,63454,388],{},[44,63456,63457],{"className":46,"code":55913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63458,63459,63485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63460,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63462,55920],{"class":67},[53,63464,517],{"class":333},[53,63466,81],{"class":67},[53,63468,790],{"class":333},[53,63470,81],{"class":67},[53,63472,9747],{"class":333},[53,63474,17609],{"class":67},[53,63476,68],{"class":67},[53,63478,882],{"class":333},[53,63480,81],{"class":67},[53,63482,826],{"class":333},[53,63484,52782],{"class":67},[53,63486,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63488,55920],{"class":67},[53,63490,517],{"class":333},[53,63492,81],{"class":67},[53,63494,790],{"class":333},[53,63496,81],{"class":67},[53,63498,9747],{"class":333},[53,63500,17609],{"class":67},[53,63502,68],{"class":67},[53,63504,882],{"class":333},[53,63506,81],{"class":67},[53,63508,826],{"class":333},[53,63510,52782],{"class":67},[20,63512,63513],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63515,63516,63517,37],{},"For more on this, see ",[195,63518,13341],{"href":13340},[39,63520,63522],{"id":63521},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63524,63525,63526,37],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63527,24326],{},[1418,63529,63531],{"id":63530},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[44,63533,63535],{"className":46,"code":63534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63536,63537,63577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63540,12415],{"class":59},[53,63542,64],{"class":63},[53,63544,10041],{"class":67},[53,63546,72],{"class":71},[53,63548,7220],{"class":75},[53,63550,72],{"class":71},[53,63552,171],{"class":67},[53,63554,84],{"class":71},[53,63556,7471],{"class":75},[53,63558,72],{"class":71},[53,63560,81],{"class":67},[53,63562,84],{"class":71},[53,63564,19438],{"class":75},[53,63566,72],{"class":71},[53,63568,171],{"class":67},[53,63570,84],{"class":71},[53,63572,21790],{"class":75},[53,63574,72],{"class":71},[53,63576,8860],{"class":67},[53,63578,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587,63589],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63580,137],{"class":136},[53,63582,121],{"class":67},[53,63584,7643],{"class":1320},[53,63586,121],{"class":67},[53,63588,13176],{"class":117},[53,63590,628],{"class":67},[20,63592,388],{},[44,63594,63596],{"className":46,"code":63595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63597,63598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63599,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63601,1226],{"class":67},[53,63603,2862],{"class":71},[53,63605,7220],{"class":75},[53,63607,2862],{"class":71},[53,63609,81],{"class":67},[53,63611,2857],{"class":71},[53,63613,19438],{"class":75},[53,63615,2862],{"class":71},[53,63617,101],{"class":67},[1418,63619,63621],{"id":63620},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[44,63623,63625],{"className":46,"code":63624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63626,63627,63667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63628,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63630,12415],{"class":59},[53,63632,64],{"class":63},[53,63634,10041],{"class":67},[53,63636,72],{"class":71},[53,63638,7220],{"class":75},[53,63640,72],{"class":71},[53,63642,171],{"class":67},[53,63644,84],{"class":71},[53,63646,7471],{"class":75},[53,63648,72],{"class":71},[53,63650,81],{"class":67},[53,63652,84],{"class":71},[53,63654,19438],{"class":75},[53,63656,72],{"class":71},[53,63658,171],{"class":67},[53,63660,84],{"class":71},[53,63662,21790],{"class":75},[53,63664,72],{"class":71},[53,63666,8860],{"class":67},[53,63668,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63670,137],{"class":136},[53,63672,121],{"class":67},[53,63674,7643],{"class":1320},[53,63676,121],{"class":67},[53,63678,13176],{"class":117},[53,63680,37],{"class":67},[53,63682,4911],{"class":117},[53,63684,5842],{"class":67},[20,63686,388],{},[44,63688,63690],{"className":46,"code":63689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63691,63692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63693,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63695,1226],{"class":67},[53,63697,2862],{"class":71},[53,63699,7471],{"class":75},[53,63701,2862],{"class":71},[53,63703,81],{"class":67},[53,63705,2857],{"class":71},[53,63707,21790],{"class":75},[53,63709,2862],{"class":71},[53,63711,101],{"class":67},[1418,63713,63715],{"id":63714},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[44,63717,63719],{"className":46,"code":63718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63720,63721,63761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63722,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63724,12415],{"class":59},[53,63726,64],{"class":63},[53,63728,10041],{"class":67},[53,63730,72],{"class":71},[53,63732,7220],{"class":75},[53,63734,72],{"class":71},[53,63736,171],{"class":67},[53,63738,84],{"class":71},[53,63740,7471],{"class":75},[53,63742,72],{"class":71},[53,63744,81],{"class":67},[53,63746,84],{"class":71},[53,63748,19438],{"class":75},[53,63750,72],{"class":71},[53,63752,171],{"class":67},[53,63754,84],{"class":71},[53,63756,21790],{"class":75},[53,63758,72],{"class":71},[53,63760,8860],{"class":67},[53,63762,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63764,137],{"class":136},[53,63766,121],{"class":67},[53,63768,7643],{"class":1320},[53,63770,121],{"class":67},[53,63772,13176],{"class":117},[53,63774,37],{"class":67},[53,63776,956],{"class":117},[53,63778,5842],{"class":67},[20,63780,388],{},[44,63782,63784],{"className":46,"code":63783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63785,63786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63787,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63789,21285],{"class":67},[53,63791,2862],{"class":71},[53,63793,7220],{"class":75},[53,63795,2862],{"class":71},[53,63797,81],{"class":67},[53,63799,2857],{"class":71},[53,63801,7471],{"class":75},[53,63803,2862],{"class":71},[53,63805,8784],{"class":67},[53,63807,8787],{"class":67},[53,63809,2862],{"class":71},[53,63811,19438],{"class":75},[53,63813,2862],{"class":71},[53,63815,81],{"class":67},[53,63817,2857],{"class":71},[53,63819,21790],{"class":75},[53,63821,2862],{"class":71},[53,63823,8800],{"class":67},[20,63825,63826],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[39,63828,63830],{"id":63829},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63832,152,63833,1398],{},[15,63834,24326],{},[173,63836,63837,63845,63854],{},[176,63838,63839,63840,2438,63842],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63841,52195],{},[15,63843,63844],{},"sort()",[176,63846,63847,63848,2438,63850,63853],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63849,35741],{},[15,63851,63852],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[176,63855,63856],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63858,45584,63859,171],{},[15,63860,63852],{},[44,63862,63864],{"className":46,"code":63863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63865,63866,63890,63906,63910,63933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63867,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63869,4549],{"class":59},[53,63871,64],{"class":63},[53,63873,68],{"class":67},[53,63875,72],{"class":71},[53,63877,12432],{"class":75},[53,63879,72],{"class":71},[53,63881,81],{"class":67},[53,63883,84],{"class":71},[53,63885,35487],{"class":75},[53,63887,72],{"class":71},[53,63889,101],{"class":67},[53,63891,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63893,4618],{"class":59},[53,63895,64],{"class":63},[53,63897,68],{"class":67},[53,63899,13052],{"class":333},[53,63901,81],{"class":67},[53,63903,13057],{"class":333},[53,63905,101],{"class":67},[53,63907,63908],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,63909,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,63911,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,63913,8766],{"class":59},[53,63915,64],{"class":63},[53,63917,22105],{"class":1320},[53,63919,121],{"class":67},[53,63921,63922],{"class":136},"zip",[53,63924,121],{"class":67},[53,63926,4593],{"class":117},[53,63928,81],{"class":67},[53,63930,4665],{"class":117},[53,63932,628],{"class":67},[53,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,63936,137],{"class":136},[53,63938,121],{"class":67},[53,63940,8813],{"class":117},[53,63942,130],{"class":67},[20,63944,388],{},[44,63946,63948],{"className":46,"code":63947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63949,63950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63951,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63953,21285],{"class":67},[53,63955,2862],{"class":71},[53,63957,12432],{"class":75},[53,63959,2862],{"class":71},[53,63961,81],{"class":67},[53,63963,19445],{"class":333},[53,63965,8784],{"class":67},[53,63967,8787],{"class":67},[53,63969,2862],{"class":71},[53,63971,35487],{"class":75},[53,63973,2862],{"class":71},[53,63975,81],{"class":67},[53,63977,13057],{"class":333},[53,63979,8800],{"class":67},[20,63981,63982,63983,63985,63986,37],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63984,52195],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[195,63987,52589],{"href":52588},[39,63989,1129],{"id":1128},[20,63991,56311,63992,37],{},[15,63993,24326],{},[1418,63995,63997],{"id":63996},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63999,4082],{},[44,64001,64003],{"className":46,"code":64002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64004,64005,64009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64006,64007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64008,4092],{"class":148},[53,64010,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64012,7643],{"class":1320},[53,64014,121],{"class":67},[53,64016,517],{"class":333},[53,64018,81],{"class":67},[53,64020,790],{"class":333},[53,64022,81],{"class":67},[53,64024,1269],{"class":333},[53,64026,130],{"class":67},[20,64028,64029,64031],{},[15,64030,24326],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64033,18242],{},[44,64035,64037],{"className":46,"code":64036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64038,64039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64042,137],{"class":136},[53,64044,121],{"class":67},[53,64046,7643],{"class":1320},[53,64048,5062],{"class":67},[53,64050,517],{"class":333},[53,64052,81],{"class":67},[53,64054,790],{"class":333},[53,64056,81],{"class":67},[53,64058,1269],{"class":333},[53,64060,2472],{"class":67},[1418,64062,64064,64065],{"id":64063},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[53,64066,64067],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64069,64070],{},"This is a common surprise:",[44,64072,64074],{"className":46,"code":64073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64075,64076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64077,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64079,137],{"class":136},[53,64081,121],{"class":67},[53,64083,7643],{"class":1320},[53,64085,121],{"class":67},[53,64087,72],{"class":71},[53,64089,3406],{"class":75},[53,64091,72],{"class":71},[53,64093,628],{"class":67},[20,64095,388],{},[44,64097,64099],{"className":46,"code":64098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64100,64101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64102,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64104,1226],{"class":67},[53,64106,2862],{"class":71},[53,64108,59970],{"class":75},[53,64110,2862],{"class":71},[53,64112,81],{"class":67},[53,64114,2857],{"class":71},[53,64116,59979],{"class":75},[53,64118,2862],{"class":71},[53,64120,81],{"class":67},[53,64122,2857],{"class":71},[53,64124,59988],{"class":75},[53,64126,2862],{"class":71},[53,64128,81],{"class":67},[53,64130,2857],{"class":71},[53,64132,59988],{"class":75},[53,64134,2862],{"class":71},[53,64136,81],{"class":67},[53,64138,2857],{"class":71},[53,64140,60005],{"class":75},[53,64142,2862],{"class":71},[53,64144,101],{"class":67},[20,64146,64147],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64149,64150],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[44,64152,64154],{"className":46,"code":64153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64155,64156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64157,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64159,137],{"class":136},[53,64161,2546],{"class":67},[53,64163,72],{"class":71},[53,64165,3406],{"class":75},[53,64167,72],{"class":71},[53,64169,3449],{"class":67},[1418,64171,64173],{"id":64172},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64175,64176],{},"This:",[44,64178,64180],{"className":46,"code":64179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64181,64182,64214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64183,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64185,8716],{"class":59},[53,64187,64],{"class":63},[53,64189,10041],{"class":67},[53,64191,72],{"class":71},[53,64193,195],{"class":75},[53,64195,72],{"class":71},[53,64197,171],{"class":67},[53,64199,821],{"class":333},[53,64201,81],{"class":67},[53,64203,84],{"class":71},[53,64205,704],{"class":75},[53,64207,72],{"class":71},[53,64209,171],{"class":67},[53,64211,790],{"class":333},[53,64213,8860],{"class":67},[53,64215,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64217,137],{"class":136},[53,64219,121],{"class":67},[53,64221,7643],{"class":1320},[53,64223,121],{"class":67},[53,64225,8755],{"class":117},[53,64227,628],{"class":67},[20,64229,64230],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64232,152,64233,64236],{},[15,64234,64235],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1418,64238,64240],{"id":64239},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64242,64243,64245],{},[15,64244,24326],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64247,64248],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[39,64250,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,64252,4731,64254,64256],{"id":64253},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[53,64255],{}," and list()?",[20,64258,64259,64260,64262,64263,64265],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64261,3347],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64264,24326],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1418,64267,64269],{"id":64268},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64271,64272,64273,64275],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64274,24326],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1418,64277,64279],{"id":64278},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64281,64282],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1418,64284,64286],{"id":64285},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64288,64289],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1418,64291,64293],{"id":64292},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64295,64296,64297,64299],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64298,24326],{}," cannot loop through it.",[39,64301,1471],{"id":1470},[173,64303,64304,64308,64313,64317,64321,64325,64329,64334],{},[176,64305,64306],{},[195,64307,198],{"href":50522},[176,64309,64310],{},[195,64311,64312],{"href":35738},"Python range() function explained",[176,64314,64315],{},[195,64316,62750],{"href":62749},[176,64318,64319],{},[195,64320,63082],{"href":63081},[176,64322,64323],{},[195,64324,4768],{"href":5138},[176,64326,64327],{},[195,64328,13341],{"href":13340},[176,64330,64331],{},[195,64332,64333],{"href":52142},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[176,64335,64336],{},[195,64337,53817],{"href":52588},[1494,64339,64340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":64342},[64343,64344,64345,64346,64347,64354,64355,64356,64361,64362,64369,64377],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":62452,"depth":104,"text":62453},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":59151,"depth":104,"text":59152},{"id":62680,"depth":104,"text":62681,"children":64348},[64349,64350,64351,64352,64353],{"id":62684,"depth":133,"text":62685},{"id":62753,"depth":133,"text":62754},{"id":62831,"depth":133,"text":62832},{"id":62906,"depth":133,"text":62907},{"id":62973,"depth":133,"text":62974},{"id":63085,"depth":104,"text":63086},{"id":63221,"depth":104,"text":63222},{"id":63521,"depth":104,"text":63522,"children":64357},[64358,64359,64360],{"id":63530,"depth":133,"text":63531},{"id":63620,"depth":133,"text":63621},{"id":63714,"depth":133,"text":63715},{"id":63829,"depth":104,"text":63830},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":64363},[64364,64365,64367,64368],{"id":63996,"depth":133,"text":63997},{"id":64063,"depth":133,"text":64366},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64172,"depth":133,"text":64173},{"id":64239,"depth":133,"text":64240},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":64370},[64371,64373,64374,64375,64376],{"id":64253,"depth":133,"text":64372},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64268,"depth":133,"text":64269},{"id":64278,"depth":133,"text":64279},{"id":64285,"depth":133,"text":64286},{"id":64292,"depth":133,"text":64293},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65598,"toc":67499},[65599,65604,65609,65612,65621,65678,65684,65689,65693,65707,65713,65715,65738,65755,65757,65818,65820,65852,65865,65867,65870,65970,65972,66050,66056,66060,66068,66072,66078,66133,66135,66159,66163,66166,66219,66221,66245,66249,66252,66305,66307,66331,66335,66341,66412,66414,66455,66461,66468,66471,66476,66484,66489,66497,66499,66596,66598,66667,66674,66679,66681,66685,66690,66692,66763,66765,66794,66800,66802,66829,66832,66855,66859,66862,66884,66887,66910,66912,66972,66974,67006,67012,67017,67070,67072,67097,67100,67149,67151,67172,67176,67181,67184,67239,67241,67268,67275,67279,67284,67355,67358,67372,67377,67382,67384,67398,67410,67415,67417,67422,67427,67431,67434,67440,67446,67453,67461,67463,67496],[10,65600,13,65602,18],{"id":65601},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65603,53807],{},[20,65605,65606,65608],{},[15,65607,53450],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65610,65611],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65613,152,65614,65616,65617,37],{},[15,65615,53807],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[195,65618,656,65619,660],{"href":56304},[15,65620,52195],{},[44,65622,65624],{"className":46,"code":65623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65625,65626,65646,65664,65674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65627,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65629,326],{"class":59},[53,65631,64],{"class":63},[53,65633,68],{"class":67},[53,65635,517],{"class":333},[53,65637,81],{"class":67},[53,65639,790],{"class":333},[53,65641,81],{"class":67},[53,65643,826],{"class":333},[53,65645,101],{"class":67},[53,65647,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65649,3209],{"class":59},[53,65651,37],{"class":67},[53,65653,53490],{"class":117},[53,65655,121],{"class":67},[53,65657,525],{"class":333},[53,65659,81],{"class":67},[53,65661,1269],{"class":333},[53,65663,130],{"class":67},[53,65665,65666,65668,65670,65672],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,65667,137],{"class":136},[53,65669,121],{"class":67},[53,65671,3209],{"class":117},[53,65673,130],{"class":67},[53,65675,65676],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,65677,52265],{"class":148},[20,65679,152,65680,65683],{},[15,65681,65682],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[39,65685,163,65687,166],{"id":65686},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65688,53450],{},[20,65690,65691,171],{},[15,65692,53450],{},[173,65694,65695,65698,65701,65703],{},[176,65696,65697],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[176,65699,65700],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[176,65702,53966],{},[176,65704,10973,65705],{},[15,65706,3338],{},[20,65708,65709,65710,65712],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65711,53807],{}," does not create a new list.",[39,65714,4983],{"id":4982},[44,65716,65718],{"className":46,"code":65717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65719,65720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65721,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65723,215],{"class":59},[53,65725,37],{"class":67},[53,65727,53490],{"class":117},[53,65729,121],{"class":67},[53,65731,118],{"class":117},[53,65733,81],{"class":67},[53,65735,29051],{"class":117},[53,65737,130],{"class":67},[173,65739,65740,65745,65750],{},[176,65741,65742,65744],{},[15,65743,118],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[176,65746,65747,65749],{},[15,65748,22856],{}," is the value to add",[176,65751,65752,65753],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65754,187],{},[20,65756,316],{},[44,65758,65760],{"className":46,"code":65759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65761,65762,65786,65808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65763,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65765,687],{"class":59},[53,65767,64],{"class":63},[53,65769,68],{"class":67},[53,65771,72],{"class":71},[53,65773,195],{"class":75},[53,65775,72],{"class":71},[53,65777,81],{"class":67},[53,65779,84],{"class":71},[53,65781,713],{"class":75},[53,65783,72],{"class":71},[53,65785,101],{"class":67},[53,65787,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65789,747],{"class":59},[53,65791,37],{"class":67},[53,65793,53490],{"class":117},[53,65795,121],{"class":67},[53,65797,517],{"class":333},[53,65799,81],{"class":67},[53,65801,84],{"class":71},[53,65803,704],{"class":75},[53,65805,72],{"class":71},[53,65807,130],{"class":67},[53,65809,65810,65812,65814,65816],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,65811,137],{"class":136},[53,65813,121],{"class":67},[53,65815,747],{"class":117},[53,65817,130],{"class":67},[20,65819,388],{},[44,65821,65822],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,65823,65824],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65825,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65827,1226],{"class":67},[53,65829,2862],{"class":71},[53,65831,195],{"class":75},[53,65833,2862],{"class":71},[53,65835,81],{"class":67},[53,65837,2857],{"class":71},[53,65839,704],{"class":75},[53,65841,2862],{"class":71},[53,65843,81],{"class":67},[53,65845,2857],{"class":71},[53,65847,713],{"class":75},[53,65849,2862],{"class":71},[53,65851,101],{"class":67},[20,65853,20318,65854,65856,65857,65859,65860,667,65862,37],{},[15,65855,865],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65858,517],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65861,17643],{},[15,65863,65864],{},"\"c\"",[39,65866,5339],{"id":5338},[20,65868,65869],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[44,65871,65873],{"className":46,"code":65872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65874,65875,65907,65925,65929,65951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65876,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65878,561],{"class":59},[53,65880,64],{"class":63},[53,65882,68],{"class":67},[53,65884,72],{"class":71},[53,65886,570],{"class":75},[53,65888,72],{"class":71},[53,65890,81],{"class":67},[53,65892,84],{"class":71},[53,65894,579],{"class":75},[53,65896,72],{"class":71},[53,65898,81],{"class":67},[53,65900,84],{"class":71},[53,65902,596],{"class":75},[53,65904,72],{"class":71},[53,65906,101],{"class":67},[53,65908,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65910,137],{"class":136},[53,65912,121],{"class":67},[53,65914,72],{"class":71},[53,65916,11114],{"class":75},[53,65918,72],{"class":71},[53,65920,81],{"class":67},[53,65922,12673],{"class":117},[53,65924,130],{"class":67},[53,65926,65927],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,65928,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,65932,613],{"class":59},[53,65934,37],{"class":67},[53,65936,53490],{"class":117},[53,65938,121],{"class":67},[53,65940,517],{"class":333},[53,65942,81],{"class":67},[53,65944,84],{"class":71},[53,65946,22069],{"class":75},[53,65948,72],{"class":71},[53,65950,130],{"class":67},[53,65952,65953,65955,65957,65959,65962,65964,65966,65968],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,65954,137],{"class":136},[53,65956,121],{"class":67},[53,65958,72],{"class":71},[53,65960,65961],{"class":75},"After: ",[53,65963,72],{"class":71},[53,65965,81],{"class":67},[53,65967,12673],{"class":117},[53,65969,130],{"class":67},[20,65971,388],{},[44,65973,65975],{"className":46,"code":65974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65976,65977,66009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65978,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65980,11174],{"class":59},[53,65982,171],{"class":67},[53,65984,68],{"class":67},[53,65986,2862],{"class":71},[53,65988,570],{"class":75},[53,65990,2862],{"class":71},[53,65992,81],{"class":67},[53,65994,2857],{"class":71},[53,65996,579],{"class":75},[53,65998,2862],{"class":71},[53,66000,81],{"class":67},[53,66002,2857],{"class":71},[53,66004,596],{"class":75},[53,66006,2862],{"class":71},[53,66008,101],{"class":67},[53,66010,66011,66013,66015,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66012,11227],{"class":59},[53,66014,171],{"class":67},[53,66016,66017],{"class":67},"  [",[53,66019,2862],{"class":71},[53,66021,570],{"class":75},[53,66023,2862],{"class":71},[53,66025,81],{"class":67},[53,66027,2857],{"class":71},[53,66029,22069],{"class":75},[53,66031,2862],{"class":71},[53,66033,81],{"class":67},[53,66035,2857],{"class":71},[53,66037,579],{"class":75},[53,66039,2862],{"class":71},[53,66041,81],{"class":67},[53,66043,2857],{"class":71},[53,66045,596],{"class":75},[53,66047,2862],{"class":71},[53,66049,101],{"class":67},[20,66051,66052,66053,66055],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66054,517],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[39,66057,66059],{"id":66058},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66061,1541,66062,34876,66064,66067],{},[15,66063,118],{},[15,66065,66066],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1418,66069,66071],{"id":66070},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66073,66074,66075,66077],{},"Use index ",[15,66076,187],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[44,66079,66081],{"className":46,"code":66080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66082,66083,66104,66123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66084,66085,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096,66098,66100,66102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66086,66087],{"class":59},"nums ",[53,66089,64],{"class":63},[53,66091,68],{"class":67},[53,66093,525],{"class":333},[53,66095,81],{"class":67},[53,66097,1269],{"class":333},[53,66099,81],{"class":67},[53,66101,826],{"class":333},[53,66103,101],{"class":67},[53,66105,66106,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66107,66108],{"class":59},"nums",[53,66110,37],{"class":67},[53,66112,53490],{"class":117},[53,66114,121],{"class":67},[53,66116,187],{"class":333},[53,66118,81],{"class":67},[53,66120,821],{"class":333},[53,66122,130],{"class":67},[53,66124,66125,66127,66129,66131],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66126,137],{"class":136},[53,66128,121],{"class":67},[53,66130,66108],{"class":117},[53,66132,130],{"class":67},[20,66134,388],{},[44,66136,66137],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66138,66139],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66140,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66142,1226],{"class":67},[53,66144,517],{"class":333},[53,66146,81],{"class":67},[53,66148,790],{"class":333},[53,66150,81],{"class":67},[53,66152,1269],{"class":333},[53,66154,81],{"class":67},[53,66156,826],{"class":333},[53,66158,101],{"class":67},[1418,66160,66162],{"id":66161},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66164,66165],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[44,66167,66169],{"className":46,"code":66168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66170,66171,66191,66209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66174,66087],{"class":59},[53,66176,64],{"class":63},[53,66178,68],{"class":67},[53,66180,517],{"class":333},[53,66182,81],{"class":67},[53,66184,790],{"class":333},[53,66186,81],{"class":67},[53,66188,826],{"class":333},[53,66190,101],{"class":67},[53,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66194,66108],{"class":59},[53,66196,37],{"class":67},[53,66198,53490],{"class":117},[53,66200,121],{"class":67},[53,66202,525],{"class":333},[53,66204,81],{"class":67},[53,66206,1269],{"class":333},[53,66208,130],{"class":67},[53,66210,66211,66213,66215,66217],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66212,137],{"class":136},[53,66214,121],{"class":67},[53,66216,66108],{"class":117},[53,66218,130],{"class":67},[20,66220,388],{},[44,66222,66223],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66224,66225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66226,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66228,1226],{"class":67},[53,66230,517],{"class":333},[53,66232,81],{"class":67},[53,66234,790],{"class":333},[53,66236,81],{"class":67},[53,66238,1269],{"class":333},[53,66240,81],{"class":67},[53,66242,826],{"class":333},[53,66244,101],{"class":67},[1418,66246,66248],{"id":66247},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66250,66251],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[44,66253,66255],{"className":46,"code":66254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66256,66257,66277,66295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66260,66087],{"class":59},[53,66262,64],{"class":63},[53,66264,68],{"class":67},[53,66266,517],{"class":333},[53,66268,81],{"class":67},[53,66270,790],{"class":333},[53,66272,81],{"class":67},[53,66274,1269],{"class":333},[53,66276,101],{"class":67},[53,66278,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66280,66108],{"class":59},[53,66282,37],{"class":67},[53,66284,53490],{"class":117},[53,66286,121],{"class":67},[53,66288,334],{"class":333},[53,66290,81],{"class":67},[53,66292,826],{"class":333},[53,66294,130],{"class":67},[53,66296,66297,66299,66301,66303],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66298,137],{"class":136},[53,66300,121],{"class":67},[53,66302,66108],{"class":117},[53,66304,130],{"class":67},[20,66306,388],{},[44,66308,66309],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66310,66311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66312,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66314,1226],{"class":67},[53,66316,517],{"class":333},[53,66318,81],{"class":67},[53,66320,790],{"class":333},[53,66322,81],{"class":67},[53,66324,1269],{"class":333},[53,66326,81],{"class":67},[53,66328,826],{"class":333},[53,66330,101],{"class":67},[1418,66332,66334],{"id":66333},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66336,66337,66338,66340],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66339,53807],{}," places the item before that position.",[44,66342,66344],{"className":46,"code":66343,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66345,66346,66378,66402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66347,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66349,687],{"class":59},[53,66351,64],{"class":63},[53,66353,68],{"class":67},[53,66355,72],{"class":71},[53,66357,195],{"class":75},[53,66359,72],{"class":71},[53,66361,81],{"class":67},[53,66363,84],{"class":71},[53,66365,704],{"class":75},[53,66367,72],{"class":71},[53,66369,81],{"class":67},[53,66371,84],{"class":71},[53,66373,730],{"class":75},[53,66375,72],{"class":71},[53,66377,101],{"class":67},[53,66379,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66381,747],{"class":59},[53,66383,37],{"class":67},[53,66385,53490],{"class":117},[53,66387,121],{"class":67},[53,66389,1585],{"class":63},[53,66391,517],{"class":333},[53,66393,81],{"class":67},[53,66395,84],{"class":71},[53,66397,713],{"class":75},[53,66399,72],{"class":71},[53,66401,130],{"class":67},[53,66403,66404,66406,66408,66410],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66405,137],{"class":136},[53,66407,121],{"class":67},[53,66409,747],{"class":117},[53,66411,130],{"class":67},[20,66413,388],{},[44,66415,66417],{"className":46,"code":66416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66418,66419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66420,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66422,1226],{"class":67},[53,66424,2862],{"class":71},[53,66426,195],{"class":75},[53,66428,2862],{"class":71},[53,66430,81],{"class":67},[53,66432,2857],{"class":71},[53,66434,704],{"class":75},[53,66436,2862],{"class":71},[53,66438,81],{"class":67},[53,66440,2857],{"class":71},[53,66442,713],{"class":75},[53,66444,2862],{"class":71},[53,66446,81],{"class":67},[53,66448,2857],{"class":71},[53,66450,730],{"class":75},[53,66452,2862],{"class":71},[53,66454,101],{"class":67},[20,66456,66457,66458,1864],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[195,66459,66460],{"href":50522},"Python lists beginner guide",[39,66462,66464,10136,66466],{"id":66463},"insert-vs-append",[15,66465,53807],{},[15,66467,52195],{},[20,66469,66470],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1418,66472,152,66474,1398],{"id":66473},"use-insert-when",[15,66475,53807],{},[173,66477,66478,66481],{},[176,66479,66480],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[176,66482,66483],{},"The order of the list matters",[1418,66485,152,66487,1398],{"id":66486},"use-append-when",[15,66488,52195],{},[173,66490,66491,66494],{},[176,66492,66493],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[176,66495,66496],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66498,316],{},[44,66500,66502],{"className":46,"code":66501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66503,66504,66528,66532,66554,66564,66568,66586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66505,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66507,60],{"class":59},[53,66509,64],{"class":63},[53,66511,68],{"class":67},[53,66513,72],{"class":71},[53,66515,76],{"class":75},[53,66517,72],{"class":71},[53,66519,81],{"class":67},[53,66521,84],{"class":71},[53,66523,967],{"class":75},[53,66525,72],{"class":71},[53,66527,101],{"class":67},[53,66529,66530],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66531,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,66533,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66535,956],{"class":59},[53,66537,37],{"class":67},[53,66539,53490],{"class":117},[53,66541,121],{"class":67},[53,66543,517],{"class":333},[53,66545,81],{"class":67},[53,66547,84],{"class":71},[53,66549,87],{"class":75},[53,66551,72],{"class":71},[53,66553,130],{"class":67},[53,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,66557,137],{"class":136},[53,66559,121],{"class":67},[53,66561,956],{"class":117},[53,66563,130],{"class":67},[53,66565,66566],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,66567,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,66569,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,66571,956],{"class":59},[53,66573,37],{"class":67},[53,66575,13103],{"class":117},[53,66577,121],{"class":67},[53,66579,72],{"class":71},[53,66581,22078],{"class":75},[53,66583,72],{"class":71},[53,66585,130],{"class":67},[53,66587,66588,66590,66592,66594],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,66589,137],{"class":136},[53,66591,121],{"class":67},[53,66593,956],{"class":117},[53,66595,130],{"class":67},[20,66597,388],{},[44,66599,66601],{"className":46,"code":66600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66602,66603,66631],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66604,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66606,1226],{"class":67},[53,66608,2862],{"class":71},[53,66610,76],{"class":75},[53,66612,2862],{"class":71},[53,66614,81],{"class":67},[53,66616,2857],{"class":71},[53,66618,87],{"class":75},[53,66620,2862],{"class":71},[53,66622,81],{"class":67},[53,66624,2857],{"class":71},[53,66626,967],{"class":75},[53,66628,2862],{"class":71},[53,66630,101],{"class":67},[53,66632,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66634,1226],{"class":67},[53,66636,2862],{"class":71},[53,66638,76],{"class":75},[53,66640,2862],{"class":71},[53,66642,81],{"class":67},[53,66644,2857],{"class":71},[53,66646,87],{"class":75},[53,66648,2862],{"class":71},[53,66650,81],{"class":67},[53,66652,2857],{"class":71},[53,66654,967],{"class":75},[53,66656,2862],{"class":71},[53,66658,81],{"class":67},[53,66660,2857],{"class":71},[53,66662,22078],{"class":75},[53,66664,2862],{"class":71},[53,66666,101],{"class":67},[20,66668,66669,66670,37],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[195,66671,656,66672,660],{"href":56304},[15,66673,52195],{},[20,66675,66676,66677,37],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[195,66678,52589],{"href":52588},[39,66680,1129],{"id":1128},[20,66682,14284,66683,37],{},[15,66684,53807],{},[1418,66686,12146,66688],{"id":66687},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66689,53807],{},[20,66691,25236],{},[44,66693,66695],{"className":46,"code":66694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66696,66697,66717,66739,66743,66753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66698,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66700,326],{"class":59},[53,66702,64],{"class":63},[53,66704,68],{"class":67},[53,66706,517],{"class":333},[53,66708,81],{"class":67},[53,66710,790],{"class":333},[53,66712,81],{"class":67},[53,66714,1269],{"class":333},[53,66716,101],{"class":67},[53,66718,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66720,351],{"class":59},[53,66722,64],{"class":63},[53,66724,356],{"class":59},[53,66726,37],{"class":67},[53,66728,53490],{"class":117},[53,66730,121],{"class":67},[53,66732,517],{"class":333},[53,66734,81],{"class":67},[53,66736,9747],{"class":333},[53,66738,130],{"class":67},[53,66740,66741],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66742,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,66744,66745,66747,66749,66751],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,66746,137],{"class":136},[53,66748,121],{"class":67},[53,66750,383],{"class":117},[53,66752,130],{"class":67},[53,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,66756,137],{"class":136},[53,66758,121],{"class":67},[53,66760,3209],{"class":117},[53,66762,130],{"class":67},[20,66764,388],{},[44,66766,66768],{"className":46,"code":66767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66769,66770,66774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66771,66772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66773,11359],{"class":3413},[53,66775,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66777,1226],{"class":67},[53,66779,517],{"class":333},[53,66781,81],{"class":67},[53,66783,9747],{"class":333},[53,66785,81],{"class":67},[53,66787,790],{"class":333},[53,66789,81],{"class":67},[53,66791,1269],{"class":333},[53,66793,101],{"class":67},[20,66795,66796,53692,66798,37],{},[15,66797,53807],{},[15,66799,3338],{},[20,66801,1209],{},[44,66803,66805],{"className":46,"code":66804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66806,66807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66808,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66810,55425],{"class":59},[53,66812,64],{"class":63},[53,66814,356],{"class":59},[53,66816,37],{"class":67},[53,66818,53490],{"class":117},[53,66820,121],{"class":67},[53,66822,517],{"class":333},[53,66824,81],{"class":67},[53,66826,9747],{"class":333},[53,66828,130],{"class":67},[20,66830,66831],{},"Right:",[44,66833,66835],{"className":46,"code":66834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66836,66837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66838,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66840,3209],{"class":59},[53,66842,37],{"class":67},[53,66844,53490],{"class":117},[53,66846,121],{"class":67},[53,66848,517],{"class":333},[53,66850,81],{"class":67},[53,66852,9747],{"class":333},[53,66854,130],{"class":67},[1418,66856,66858],{"id":66857},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66860,66861],{},"The correct order is:",[44,66863,66864],{"className":46,"code":65717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66865,66866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66867,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66869,215],{"class":59},[53,66871,37],{"class":67},[53,66873,53490],{"class":117},[53,66875,121],{"class":67},[53,66877,118],{"class":117},[53,66879,81],{"class":67},[53,66881,29051],{"class":117},[53,66883,130],{"class":67},[20,66885,66886],{},"Not:",[44,66888,66890],{"className":46,"code":66889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66891,66892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66895,215],{"class":59},[53,66897,37],{"class":67},[53,66899,53490],{"class":117},[53,66901,121],{"class":67},[53,66903,22856],{"class":117},[53,66905,81],{"class":67},[53,66907,35368],{"class":117},[53,66909,130],{"class":67},[20,66911,316],{},[44,66913,66914],{"className":46,"code":65759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66915,66916,66940,66962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66917,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66919,687],{"class":59},[53,66921,64],{"class":63},[53,66923,68],{"class":67},[53,66925,72],{"class":71},[53,66927,195],{"class":75},[53,66929,72],{"class":71},[53,66931,81],{"class":67},[53,66933,84],{"class":71},[53,66935,713],{"class":75},[53,66937,72],{"class":71},[53,66939,101],{"class":67},[53,66941,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66943,747],{"class":59},[53,66945,37],{"class":67},[53,66947,53490],{"class":117},[53,66949,121],{"class":67},[53,66951,517],{"class":333},[53,66953,81],{"class":67},[53,66955,84],{"class":71},[53,66957,704],{"class":75},[53,66959,72],{"class":71},[53,66961,130],{"class":67},[53,66963,66964,66966,66968,66970],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,66965,137],{"class":136},[53,66967,121],{"class":67},[53,66969,747],{"class":117},[53,66971,130],{"class":67},[20,66973,388],{},[44,66975,66976],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66977,66978],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66981,1226],{"class":67},[53,66983,2862],{"class":71},[53,66985,195],{"class":75},[53,66987,2862],{"class":71},[53,66989,81],{"class":67},[53,66991,2857],{"class":71},[53,66993,704],{"class":75},[53,66995,2862],{"class":71},[53,66997,81],{"class":67},[53,66999,2857],{"class":71},[53,67001,713],{"class":75},[53,67003,2862],{"class":71},[53,67005,101],{"class":67},[1418,67007,8001,67009,67011],{"id":67008},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67010,53807],{}," to replace an item",[20,67013,67014,67016],{},[15,67015,53807],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[44,67018,67020],{"className":46,"code":67019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67021,67022,67042,67060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67023,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67025,326],{"class":59},[53,67027,64],{"class":63},[53,67029,68],{"class":67},[53,67031,517],{"class":333},[53,67033,81],{"class":67},[53,67035,790],{"class":333},[53,67037,81],{"class":67},[53,67039,1269],{"class":333},[53,67041,101],{"class":67},[53,67043,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67045,3209],{"class":59},[53,67047,37],{"class":67},[53,67049,53490],{"class":117},[53,67051,121],{"class":67},[53,67053,517],{"class":333},[53,67055,81],{"class":67},[53,67057,9747],{"class":333},[53,67059,130],{"class":67},[53,67061,67062,67064,67066,67068],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67063,137],{"class":136},[53,67065,121],{"class":67},[53,67067,3209],{"class":117},[53,67069,130],{"class":67},[20,67071,388],{},[44,67073,67075],{"className":46,"code":67074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67076,67077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67078,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67080,1226],{"class":67},[53,67082,517],{"class":333},[53,67084,81],{"class":67},[53,67086,9747],{"class":333},[53,67088,81],{"class":67},[53,67090,790],{"class":333},[53,67092,81],{"class":67},[53,67094,1269],{"class":333},[53,67096,101],{"class":67},[20,67098,67099],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[44,67101,67103],{"className":46,"code":67102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67104,67105,67125,67139],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67106,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67108,326],{"class":59},[53,67110,64],{"class":63},[53,67112,68],{"class":67},[53,67114,517],{"class":333},[53,67116,81],{"class":67},[53,67118,790],{"class":333},[53,67120,81],{"class":67},[53,67122,1269],{"class":333},[53,67124,101],{"class":67},[53,67126,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67128,3209],{"class":59},[53,67130,1226],{"class":67},[53,67132,517],{"class":333},[53,67134,12823],{"class":67},[53,67136,12826],{"class":63},[53,67138,13681],{"class":333},[53,67140,67141,67143,67145,67147],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67142,137],{"class":136},[53,67144,121],{"class":67},[53,67146,3209],{"class":117},[53,67148,130],{"class":67},[20,67150,388],{},[44,67152,67154],{"className":46,"code":67153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67155,67156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67157,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67159,1226],{"class":67},[53,67161,517],{"class":333},[53,67163,81],{"class":67},[53,67165,9747],{"class":333},[53,67167,81],{"class":67},[53,67169,1269],{"class":333},[53,67171,101],{"class":67},[1418,67173,67175],{"id":67174},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67177,67178,67180],{},[15,67179,53807],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67182,67183],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[44,67185,67187],{"className":46,"code":67186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67188,67189,67205,67229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67190,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67192,326],{"class":59},[53,67194,64],{"class":63},[53,67196,68],{"class":67},[53,67198,517],{"class":333},[53,67200,81],{"class":67},[53,67202,826],{"class":333},[53,67204,101],{"class":67},[53,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223,67225,67227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67208,3209],{"class":59},[53,67210,37],{"class":67},[53,67212,53490],{"class":117},[53,67214,121],{"class":67},[53,67216,517],{"class":333},[53,67218,81],{"class":67},[53,67220,68],{"class":67},[53,67222,525],{"class":333},[53,67224,81],{"class":67},[53,67226,1269],{"class":333},[53,67228,3449],{"class":67},[53,67230,67231,67233,67235,67237],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67232,137],{"class":136},[53,67234,121],{"class":67},[53,67236,3209],{"class":117},[53,67238,130],{"class":67},[20,67240,388],{},[44,67242,67244],{"className":46,"code":67243,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67245,67246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67249,1226],{"class":67},[53,67251,517],{"class":333},[53,67253,81],{"class":67},[53,67255,68],{"class":67},[53,67257,525],{"class":333},[53,67259,81],{"class":67},[53,67261,1269],{"class":333},[53,67263,17609],{"class":67},[53,67265,826],{"class":333},[53,67267,101],{"class":67},[20,67269,67270,67271,37],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[195,67272,656,67273,660],{"href":52884},[15,67274,52986],{},[1418,67276,67278],{"id":67277},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67280,8425,67281,67283],{},[15,67282,53807],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[44,67285,67287],{"className":46,"code":67286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67288,67289,67299,67313,67331,67345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67292,137],{"class":136},[53,67294,121],{"class":67},[53,67296,215],{"class":117},[53,67298,130],{"class":67},[53,67300,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67302,137],{"class":136},[53,67304,121],{"class":67},[53,67306,10711],{"class":136},[53,67308,121],{"class":67},[53,67310,215],{"class":117},[53,67312,628],{"class":67},[53,67314,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67316,137],{"class":136},[53,67318,121],{"class":67},[53,67320,215],{"class":117},[53,67322,37],{"class":67},[53,67324,53490],{"class":1223},[53,67326,37],{"class":67},[53,67328,33991],{"class":33998},[53,67330,130],{"class":67},[53,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,67334,31697],{"class":136},[53,67336,121],{"class":67},[53,67338,7643],{"class":1320},[53,67340,37],{"class":67},[53,67342,53490],{"class":1223},[53,67344,130],{"class":67},[53,67346,67347,67349,67351,67353],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,67348,1321],{"class":1320},[53,67350,121],{"class":67},[53,67352,215],{"class":117},[53,67354,130],{"class":67},[20,67356,67357],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[173,67359,67360,67363,67366,67369],{},[176,67361,67362],{},"What is currently in the list",[176,67364,67365],{},"How long the list is",[176,67367,67368],{},"That you are working with a real list",[176,67370,67371],{},"How Python describes the method",[39,67373,1391,67375],{"id":67374},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67376,53807],{},[20,67378,152,67379,67381],{},[15,67380,53807],{}," when position matters.",[20,67383,35968],{},[173,67385,67386,67389,67392,67395],{},[176,67387,67388],{},"Ordered menus",[176,67390,67391],{},"Rankings or score lists",[176,67393,67394],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[176,67396,67397],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67399,67400,67401,67403,67404,67406,67407,67409],{},"You usually do ",[30,67402,1112],{}," need ",[15,67405,53807],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67408,52195],{}," is simpler.",[20,67411,67412,67413,37],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[195,67414,56690],{"href":56689},[39,67416,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,67418,1431,67420,55005],{"id":67419},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67421,53450],{},[20,67423,67424,67425,37],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67426,3338],{},[1418,67428,67430],{"id":67429},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67432,67433],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1418,67435,1446,67437,67439],{"id":67436},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67438,53450],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67441,67442,67443,67445],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67444,52986],{}," or slicing.",[1418,67447,4731,67449,667,67451,1459],{"id":67448},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67450,53807],{},[15,67452,52195],{},[20,67454,67455,67457,67458,67460],{},[15,67456,53807],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67459,52195],{}," adds only at the end.",[39,67462,1471],{"id":1470},[173,67464,67465,67471,67477,67481,67485,67489],{},[176,67466,67467],{},[195,67468,656,67469,660],{"href":56304},[15,67470,52195],{},[176,67472,67473],{},[195,67474,656,67475,660],{"href":52884},[15,67476,52986],{},[176,67478,67479],{},[195,67480,53817],{"href":52588},[176,67482,67483],{},[195,67484,198],{"href":50522},[176,67486,67487],{},[195,67488,56764],{"href":56689},[176,67490,67491],{},[195,67492,29892,67493,33178],{"href":53835},[15,67494,67495],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1494,67497,67498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":67500},[67501,67503,67504,67505,67511,67518,67527,67529,67538],{"id":65686,"depth":104,"text":67502},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983},{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":66058,"depth":104,"text":66059,"children":67506},[67507,67508,67509,67510],{"id":66070,"depth":133,"text":66071},{"id":66161,"depth":133,"text":66162},{"id":66247,"depth":133,"text":66248},{"id":66333,"depth":133,"text":66334},{"id":66463,"depth":104,"text":67512,"children":67513},"insert() vs append()",[67514,67516],{"id":66473,"depth":133,"text":67515},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66486,"depth":133,"text":67517},"Use append() when:",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":67519},[67520,67522,67523,67525,67526],{"id":66687,"depth":133,"text":67521},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66857,"depth":133,"text":66858},{"id":67008,"depth":133,"text":67524},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67174,"depth":133,"text":67175},{"id":67277,"depth":133,"text":67278},{"id":67374,"depth":104,"text":67528},"When to use insert()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":67530},[67531,67533,67534,67536],{"id":67419,"depth":133,"text":67532},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67429,"depth":133,"text":67430},{"id":67436,"depth":133,"text":67535},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67448,"depth":133,"text":67537},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65596,"description":67539},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67546,"title":67547,"body":67548,"description":69103,"extension":1524,"meta":69104,"navigation":372,"path":58505,"seo":69105,"stem":69106,"__hash__":69107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67549,"toc":69076},[67550,67556,67565,67614,67616,67624,67630,67632,67650,67656,67661,67664,67667,67682,67684,67736,67738,67746,67754,67761,67763,67769,67834,67836,67844,67846,67865,67868,67919,67923,67928,67955,67957,67965,67968,68037,68039,68054,68060,68064,68073,68076,68131,68133,68141,68144,68146,68191,68193,68201,68207,68209,68217,68220,68222,68261,68263,68302,68307,68309,68311,68346,68349,68351,68389,68393,68399,68401,68452,68454,68462,68469,68472,68493,68496,68551,68562,68564,68625,68627,68636,68643,68649,68652,68655,68712,68715,68728,68735,68741,68747,68749,68762,68765,68862,68864,68881,68884,68966,68968,68990,68997,69003,69005,69009,69015,69021,69026,69030,69033,69039,69046,69048,69073],[10,67551,67553,67554,145],{"id":67552},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67555,10711],{},[20,67557,67558,67559,67561,67562,67564],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67560,41903],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67563,41903],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[44,67566,67568],{"className":46,"code":67567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67569,67570,67590,67604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67571,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67573,326],{"class":59},[53,67575,64],{"class":63},[53,67577,68],{"class":67},[53,67579,334],{"class":333},[53,67581,81],{"class":67},[53,67583,339],{"class":333},[53,67585,81],{"class":67},[53,67587,344],{"class":333},[53,67589,101],{"class":67},[53,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67593,40783],{"class":59},[53,67595,64],{"class":63},[53,67597,37928],{"class":136},[53,67599,121],{"class":67},[53,67601,3209],{"class":117},[53,67603,130],{"class":67},[53,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67607,137],{"class":136},[53,67609,121],{"class":67},[53,67611,40801],{"class":117},[53,67613,130],{"class":67},[20,67615,388],{},[44,67617,67618],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67619,67620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67621,67622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67623,847],{"class":333},[20,67625,152,67626,67629],{},[15,67627,67628],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[39,67631,14714],{"id":14713},[173,67633,67634,67639,67644,67647],{},[176,67635,3757,67636,67638],{},[15,67637,41903],{}," works with Python lists",[176,67640,67641,67642,11256],{},"What value ",[15,67643,41903],{},[176,67645,67646],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[176,67648,67649],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[39,67651,163,67653,67655],{"id":67652},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67654,41903],{}," returns for a list",[20,67657,67658,306],{},[15,67659,67660],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67662,67663],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67665,67666],{},"A few important points:",[173,67668,67669,67672,67677],{},[176,67670,67671],{},"It counts list items",[176,67673,40447,67674,67676],{},[30,67675,1112],{}," count characters inside a string item",[176,67678,67679,67680],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67681,187],{},[20,67683,316],{},[44,67685,67687],{"className":46,"code":67686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67688,67689,67722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67690,67691,67693,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67692,3631],{"class":59},[53,67694,64],{"class":63},[53,67696,68],{"class":67},[53,67698,72],{"class":71},[53,67700,36590],{"class":75},[53,67702,72],{"class":71},[53,67704,81],{"class":67},[53,67706,84],{"class":71},[53,67708,67709],{"class":75},"elephant",[53,67711,72],{"class":71},[53,67713,81],{"class":67},[53,67715,84],{"class":71},[53,67717,57661],{"class":75},[53,67719,72],{"class":71},[53,67721,101],{"class":67},[53,67723,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67725,137],{"class":136},[53,67727,121],{"class":67},[53,67729,10711],{"class":136},[53,67731,121],{"class":67},[53,67733,3672],{"class":117},[53,67735,628],{"class":67},[20,67737,388],{},[44,67739,67740],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67741,67742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67743,67744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67745,847],{"class":333},[20,67747,642,67748,67751,67752,313],{},[15,67749,67750],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67753,52199],{},[20,67755,67756,67757,37],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[195,67758,3138,67759,3071],{"href":41900},[15,67760,41903],{},[39,67762,5339],{"id":5338},[20,67764,67765,67766,67768],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67767,41903],{},", and print the result.",[44,67770,67772],{"className":46,"code":67771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67773,67774,67806,67820,67824],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67777,561],{"class":59},[53,67779,64],{"class":63},[53,67781,68],{"class":67},[53,67783,72],{"class":71},[53,67785,570],{"class":75},[53,67787,72],{"class":71},[53,67789,81],{"class":67},[53,67791,84],{"class":71},[53,67793,596],{"class":75},[53,67795,72],{"class":71},[53,67797,81],{"class":67},[53,67799,84],{"class":71},[53,67801,579],{"class":75},[53,67803,72],{"class":71},[53,67805,101],{"class":67},[53,67807,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67809,40783],{"class":59},[53,67811,64],{"class":63},[53,67813,37928],{"class":136},[53,67815,121],{"class":67},[53,67817,613],{"class":117},[53,67819,130],{"class":67},[53,67821,67822],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67823,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,67825,67826,67828,67830,67832],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,67827,137],{"class":136},[53,67829,121],{"class":67},[53,67831,40801],{"class":117},[53,67833,130],{"class":67},[20,67835,388],{},[44,67837,67838],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67839,67840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67841,67842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67843,847],{"class":333},[20,67845,11234],{},[173,67847,67848,67853,67860],{},[176,67849,67850,67852],{},[15,67851,613],{}," is a list with 3 items",[176,67854,67855,532,67858],{},[15,67856,67857],{},"len(colors)",[15,67859,882],{},[176,67861,67862,67863],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67864,40801],{},[20,67866,67867],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[44,67869,67871],{"className":46,"code":67870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67872,67873,67905],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67874,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67876,561],{"class":59},[53,67878,64],{"class":63},[53,67880,68],{"class":67},[53,67882,72],{"class":71},[53,67884,570],{"class":75},[53,67886,72],{"class":71},[53,67888,81],{"class":67},[53,67890,84],{"class":71},[53,67892,596],{"class":75},[53,67894,72],{"class":71},[53,67896,81],{"class":67},[53,67898,84],{"class":71},[53,67900,579],{"class":75},[53,67902,72],{"class":71},[53,67904,101],{"class":67},[53,67906,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67908,137],{"class":136},[53,67910,121],{"class":67},[53,67912,10711],{"class":136},[53,67914,121],{"class":67},[53,67916,613],{"class":117},[53,67918,628],{"class":67},[39,67920,67922],{"id":67921},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67924,67925,67926,37],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67927,187],{},[44,67929,67931],{"className":46,"code":67930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67932,67933,67941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67934,67935,67937,67939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67936,60],{"class":59},[53,67938,64],{"class":63},[53,67940,7388],{"class":67},[53,67942,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67944,137],{"class":136},[53,67946,121],{"class":67},[53,67948,10711],{"class":136},[53,67950,121],{"class":67},[53,67952,956],{"class":117},[53,67954,628],{"class":67},[20,67956,388],{},[44,67958,67959],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67960,67961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67962,67963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67964,633],{"class":333},[20,67966,67967],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[44,67969,67971],{"className":46,"code":67970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67972,67973,67981,67985,68003,68017,68023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67974,67975,67977,67979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67976,60],{"class":59},[53,67978,64],{"class":63},[53,67980,7388],{"class":67},[53,67982,67983],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67984,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,67986,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,67988,1042],{"class":1041},[53,67990,37928],{"class":136},[53,67992,121],{"class":67},[53,67994,956],{"class":117},[53,67996,145],{"class":67},[53,67998,37938],{"class":63},[53,68000,3394],{"class":333},[53,68002,1053],{"class":67},[53,68004,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,68006,1058],{"class":136},[53,68008,121],{"class":67},[53,68010,956],{"class":117},[53,68012,1226],{"class":67},[53,68014,187],{"class":333},[53,68016,3449],{"class":67},[53,68018,68019,68021],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,68020,1079],{"class":1041},[53,68022,1053],{"class":67},[53,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,68026,1058],{"class":136},[53,68028,121],{"class":67},[53,68030,72],{"class":71},[53,68032,51358],{"class":75},[53,68034,72],{"class":71},[53,68036,130],{"class":67},[20,68038,388],{},[44,68040,68042],{"className":46,"code":68041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is empty\n",[15,68043,68044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68045,68046,68048,68050,68052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68047,1541],{"class":59},[53,68049,7643],{"class":1320},[53,68051,7646],{"class":63},[53,68053,7652],{"class":59},[20,68055,68056,68057,68059],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[195,68058,198],{"href":50522}," is a good next step.",[39,68061,68063],{"id":68062},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68065,68066,68068,68069,68072],{},[15,68067,41903],{}," counts only the ",[30,68070,68071],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68074,68075],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[44,68077,68079],{"className":46,"code":68078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68080,68081,68117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68082,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68084,8716],{"class":59},[53,68086,64],{"class":63},[53,68088,55829],{"class":67},[53,68090,517],{"class":333},[53,68092,81],{"class":67},[53,68094,790],{"class":333},[53,68096,17609],{"class":67},[53,68098,68],{"class":67},[53,68100,882],{"class":333},[53,68102,81],{"class":67},[53,68104,826],{"class":333},[53,68106,17609],{"class":67},[53,68108,68],{"class":67},[53,68110,1698],{"class":333},[53,68112,81],{"class":67},[53,68114,37187],{"class":333},[53,68116,52782],{"class":67},[53,68118,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68120,137],{"class":136},[53,68122,121],{"class":67},[53,68124,10711],{"class":136},[53,68126,121],{"class":67},[53,68128,8755],{"class":117},[53,68130,628],{"class":67},[20,68132,388],{},[44,68134,68135],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68136,68137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68138,68139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68140,847],{"class":333},[20,68142,68143],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68145,51622],{},[44,68147,68149],{"className":46,"code":68148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68150,68151,68177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68152,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68154,59004],{"class":59},[53,68156,64],{"class":63},[53,68158,68],{"class":67},[53,68160,517],{"class":333},[53,68162,81],{"class":67},[53,68164,68],{"class":67},[53,68166,525],{"class":333},[53,68168,81],{"class":67},[53,68170,1269],{"class":333},[53,68172,17609],{"class":67},[53,68174,826],{"class":333},[53,68176,101],{"class":67},[53,68178,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187,68189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68180,137],{"class":136},[53,68182,121],{"class":67},[53,68184,10711],{"class":136},[53,68186,121],{"class":67},[53,68188,59057],{"class":117},[53,68190,628],{"class":67},[20,68192,388],{},[44,68194,68195],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68196,68197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68198,68199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68200,847],{"class":333},[20,68202,642,68203,68206],{},[15,68204,68205],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[39,68208,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,68210,664,68212,1175,68215],{"id":68211},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68213,68214],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68216,67660],{},[20,68218,68219],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68221,1209],{},[44,68223,68225],{"className":46,"code":68224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68226,68227,68247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68228,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68230,326],{"class":59},[53,68232,64],{"class":63},[53,68234,68],{"class":67},[53,68236,334],{"class":333},[53,68238,81],{"class":67},[53,68240,339],{"class":333},[53,68242,81],{"class":67},[53,68244,344],{"class":333},[53,68246,101],{"class":67},[53,68248,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68250,137],{"class":136},[53,68252,121],{"class":67},[53,68254,3209],{"class":117},[53,68256,37],{"class":67},[53,68258,10711],{"class":117},[53,68260,6745],{"class":67},[20,68262,1183],{},[44,68264,68266],{"className":46,"code":68265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68267,68268,68288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68269,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68271,326],{"class":59},[53,68273,64],{"class":63},[53,68275,68],{"class":67},[53,68277,334],{"class":333},[53,68279,81],{"class":67},[53,68281,339],{"class":333},[53,68283,81],{"class":67},[53,68285,344],{"class":333},[53,68287,101],{"class":67},[53,68289,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68291,137],{"class":136},[53,68293,121],{"class":67},[53,68295,10711],{"class":136},[53,68297,121],{"class":67},[53,68299,3209],{"class":117},[53,68301,628],{"class":67},[20,68303,68304,68306],{},[15,68305,41903],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1418,68308,25233],{"id":25232},[20,68310,1209],{},[44,68312,68314],{"className":46,"code":68313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68315,68316,68336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68317,68318,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68319,326],{"class":59},[53,68321,64],{"class":63},[53,68323,68],{"class":67},[53,68325,334],{"class":333},[53,68327,81],{"class":67},[53,68329,339],{"class":333},[53,68331,81],{"class":67},[53,68333,344],{"class":333},[53,68335,101],{"class":67},[53,68337,68338,68340,68342,68344],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68339,137],{"class":136},[53,68341,121],{"class":67},[53,68343,10711],{"class":136},[53,68345,130],{"class":67},[20,68347,68348],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68350,1183],{},[44,68352,68353],{"className":46,"code":68265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68354,68355,68375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68356,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68358,326],{"class":59},[53,68360,64],{"class":63},[53,68362,68],{"class":67},[53,68364,334],{"class":333},[53,68366,81],{"class":67},[53,68368,339],{"class":333},[53,68370,81],{"class":67},[53,68372,344],{"class":333},[53,68374,101],{"class":67},[53,68376,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68378,137],{"class":136},[53,68380,121],{"class":67},[53,68382,10711],{"class":136},[53,68384,121],{"class":67},[53,68386,3209],{"class":117},[53,68388,628],{"class":67},[1418,68390,68392],{"id":68391},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68394,68395,68396,68398],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68397,1112],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68400,316],{},[44,68402,68404],{"className":46,"code":68403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68405,68406,68438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68407,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68409,687],{"class":59},[53,68411,64],{"class":63},[53,68413,68],{"class":67},[53,68415,72],{"class":71},[53,68417,195],{"class":75},[53,68419,72],{"class":71},[53,68421,81],{"class":67},[53,68423,84],{"class":71},[53,68425,704],{"class":75},[53,68427,72],{"class":71},[53,68429,81],{"class":67},[53,68431,84],{"class":71},[53,68433,713],{"class":75},[53,68435,72],{"class":71},[53,68437,101],{"class":67},[53,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68441,137],{"class":136},[53,68443,121],{"class":67},[53,68445,10711],{"class":136},[53,68447,121],{"class":67},[53,68449,747],{"class":117},[53,68451,628],{"class":67},[20,68453,388],{},[44,68455,68456],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68457,68458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68459,68460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68461,847],{"class":333},[20,68463,68464,68465,18510,68467,37],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68466,525],{},[15,68468,882],{},[20,68470,68471],{},"Indexes are:",[173,68473,68474,68481,68487],{},[176,68475,68476,68478,68479],{},[15,68477,187],{}," for ",[15,68480,17643],{},[176,68482,68483,68478,68485],{},[15,68484,517],{},[15,68486,865],{},[176,68488,68489,68478,68491],{},[15,68490,525],{},[15,68492,65864],{},[20,68494,68495],{},"So this causes an error:",[44,68497,68499],{"className":46,"code":68498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68500,68501,68533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68502,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529,68531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68504,687],{"class":59},[53,68506,64],{"class":63},[53,68508,68],{"class":67},[53,68510,72],{"class":71},[53,68512,195],{"class":75},[53,68514,72],{"class":71},[53,68516,81],{"class":67},[53,68518,84],{"class":71},[53,68520,704],{"class":75},[53,68522,72],{"class":71},[53,68524,81],{"class":67},[53,68526,84],{"class":71},[53,68528,713],{"class":75},[53,68530,72],{"class":71},[53,68532,101],{"class":67},[53,68534,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68536,137],{"class":136},[53,68538,121],{"class":67},[53,68540,747],{"class":117},[53,68542,1226],{"class":67},[53,68544,10711],{"class":136},[53,68546,121],{"class":67},[53,68548,747],{"class":117},[53,68550,10229],{"class":67},[20,68552,8044,68553,285,68556,68558,68559,68561],{},[15,68554,68555],{},"len(letters)",[15,68557,882],{},", and index ",[15,68560,882],{}," does not exist.",[20,68563,18387],{},[44,68565,68567],{"className":46,"code":68566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68568,68569,68601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68570,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68572,687],{"class":59},[53,68574,64],{"class":63},[53,68576,68],{"class":67},[53,68578,72],{"class":71},[53,68580,195],{"class":75},[53,68582,72],{"class":71},[53,68584,81],{"class":67},[53,68586,84],{"class":71},[53,68588,704],{"class":75},[53,68590,72],{"class":71},[53,68592,81],{"class":67},[53,68594,84],{"class":71},[53,68596,713],{"class":75},[53,68598,72],{"class":71},[53,68600,101],{"class":67},[53,68602,68603,68605,68607,68609,68611,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68604,137],{"class":136},[53,68606,121],{"class":67},[53,68608,747],{"class":117},[53,68610,1226],{"class":67},[53,68612,10711],{"class":136},[53,68614,121],{"class":67},[53,68616,747],{"class":117},[53,68618,145],{"class":67},[53,68620,1783],{"class":63},[53,68622,821],{"class":333},[53,68624,3449],{"class":67},[20,68626,388],{},[44,68628,68630],{"className":46,"code":68629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"c\n",[15,68631,68632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68633,68634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68635,68629],{"class":59},[20,68637,68638,68639,37],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[195,68640,68642],{"href":68641},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1418,68644,664,68646,68648],{"id":68645},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68647,41903],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68650,68651],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68653,68654],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[44,68656,68658],{"className":46,"code":68657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68659,68660,68670,68684,68698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68661,68662,68664,68666,68668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68663,137],{"class":136},[53,68665,121],{"class":67},[53,68667,215],{"class":117},[53,68669,130],{"class":67},[53,68671,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68673,137],{"class":136},[53,68675,121],{"class":67},[53,68677,10711],{"class":136},[53,68679,121],{"class":67},[53,68681,215],{"class":117},[53,68683,628],{"class":67},[53,68685,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,68687,137],{"class":136},[53,68689,121],{"class":67},[53,68691,1321],{"class":1320},[53,68693,121],{"class":67},[53,68695,215],{"class":117},[53,68697,628],{"class":67},[53,68699,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708,68710],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,68701,137],{"class":136},[53,68703,121],{"class":67},[53,68705,215],{"class":117},[53,68707,1226],{"class":67},[53,68709,187],{"class":333},[53,68711,3449],{"class":67},[20,68713,68714],{},"These help you verify:",[173,68716,68717,68720,68722,68725],{},[176,68718,68719],{},"what the variable contains",[176,68721,60316],{},[176,68723,68724],{},"whether it is really a list",[176,68726,68727],{},"what the first item is",[20,68729,68730,68731,68734],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68732,68733],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[39,68736,1391,68738,68740],{"id":68737},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68739,41903],{}," with lists",[20,68742,68743,68744,68746],{},"You will often use ",[15,68745,41903],{}," in real programs.",[20,68748,8925],{},[173,68750,68751,68753,68756,68759],{},[176,68752,51312],{},[176,68754,68755],{},"Control loops",[176,68757,68758],{},"Validate input or results",[176,68760,68761],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68763,68764],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[44,68766,68768],{"className":46,"code":68767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68769,68770,68790,68806,68810,68824,68838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68773,2112],{"class":59},[53,68775,64],{"class":63},[53,68777,68],{"class":67},[53,68779,517],{"class":333},[53,68781,81],{"class":67},[53,68783,790],{"class":333},[53,68785,81],{"class":67},[53,68787,1269],{"class":333},[53,68789,101],{"class":67},[53,68791,68792,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68793,2140],{"class":59},[53,68795,64],{"class":63},[53,68797,68],{"class":67},[53,68799,334],{"class":333},[53,68801,81],{"class":67},[53,68803,339],{"class":333},[53,68805,101],{"class":67},[53,68807,68808],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,68809,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,68811,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,68813,137],{"class":136},[53,68815,121],{"class":67},[53,68817,10711],{"class":136},[53,68819,121],{"class":67},[53,68821,195],{"class":117},[53,68823,628],{"class":67},[53,68825,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,68827,137],{"class":136},[53,68829,121],{"class":67},[53,68831,10711],{"class":136},[53,68833,121],{"class":67},[53,68835,704],{"class":117},[53,68837,628],{"class":67},[53,68839,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858,68860],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,68841,137],{"class":136},[53,68843,121],{"class":67},[53,68845,10711],{"class":136},[53,68847,121],{"class":67},[53,68849,195],{"class":117},[53,68851,145],{"class":67},[53,68853,37938],{"class":63},[53,68855,37928],{"class":136},[53,68857,121],{"class":67},[53,68859,704],{"class":117},[53,68861,628],{"class":67},[20,68863,388],{},[44,68865,68867],{"className":46,"code":68866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68868,68869,68873,68877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68870,68871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68872,847],{"class":333},[53,68874,68875],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68876,490],{"class":333},[53,68878,68879],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,68880,3540],{"class":3413},[20,68882,68883],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[44,68885,68887],{"className":46,"code":68886,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68888,68889,68921,68925,68947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68890,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68892,4549],{"class":59},[53,68894,64],{"class":63},[53,68896,68],{"class":67},[53,68898,72],{"class":71},[53,68900,12432],{"class":75},[53,68902,72],{"class":71},[53,68904,81],{"class":67},[53,68906,84],{"class":71},[53,68908,35487],{"class":75},[53,68910,72],{"class":71},[53,68912,81],{"class":67},[53,68914,84],{"class":71},[53,68916,35496],{"class":75},[53,68918,72],{"class":71},[53,68920,101],{"class":67},[53,68922,68923],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68924,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,68926,68927,68929,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,68928,5510],{"class":1041},[53,68930,68931],{"class":59}," i ",[53,68933,1048],{"class":1041},[53,68935,53609],{"class":136},[53,68937,121],{"class":67},[53,68939,10711],{"class":136},[53,68941,121],{"class":67},[53,68943,4593],{"class":117},[53,68945,68946],{"class":67},")):\n",[53,68948,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68960,68962,68964],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,68950,1058],{"class":136},[53,68952,121],{"class":67},[53,68954,35697],{"class":117},[53,68956,81],{"class":67},[53,68958,68959],{"class":117}," names",[53,68961,1226],{"class":67},[53,68963,35697],{"class":117},[53,68965,3449],{"class":67},[20,68967,388],{},[44,68969,68970],{"className":46,"code":35545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68971,68972,68978,68984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68973,68974,68976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68975,187],{"class":333},[53,68977,35554],{"class":59},[53,68979,68980,68982],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68981,517],{"class":333},[53,68983,35561],{"class":59},[53,68985,68986,68988],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,68987,525],{"class":333},[53,68989,35568],{"class":59},[20,68991,68992,68993,37],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[195,68994,68996],{"href":68995},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68998,68999,69000,69002],{},"You can also read ",[195,69001,51089],{"href":51088}," for a task-focused guide.",[39,69004,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,69006,69008],{"id":69007},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69010,152,69011,69014],{},[15,69012,69013],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1418,69016,1421,69018,12267],{"id":69017},"what-does-len-return",[15,69019,69020],{},"len([])",[20,69022,4701,69023,69025],{},[15,69024,187],{}," because the list is empty.",[1418,69027,69029],{"id":69028},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69031,69032],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1418,69034,27872,69036,69038],{"id":69035},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69037,68214],{}," in Python?",[20,69040,29815,69041,7772,69043,69045],{},[15,69042,67660],{},[15,69044,41903],{}," is a built-in function.",[39,69047,1471],{"id":1470},[173,69049,69050,69056,69060,69064,69068],{},[176,69051,69052],{},[195,69053,3138,69054,3071],{"href":41900},[15,69055,41903],{},[176,69057,69058],{},[195,69059,52133],{"href":51088},[176,69061,69062],{},[195,69063,198],{"href":50522},[176,69065,69066],{},[195,69067,68642],{"href":68641},[176,69069,69070],{},[195,69071,69072],{"href":68995},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1494,69074,69075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":69077},[69078,69079,69081,69082,69083,69084,69092,69094,69102],{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":67652,"depth":104,"text":69080},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":67921,"depth":104,"text":67922},{"id":68062,"depth":104,"text":68063},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":69085},[69086,69088,69089,69090],{"id":68211,"depth":133,"text":69087},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25232,"depth":133,"text":25233},{"id":68391,"depth":133,"text":68392},{"id":68645,"depth":133,"text":69091},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68737,"depth":104,"text":69093},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":69095},[69096,69097,69099,69100],{"id":69007,"depth":133,"text":69008},{"id":69017,"depth":133,"text":69098},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69028,"depth":133,"text":69029},{"id":69035,"depth":133,"text":69101},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67547,"description":69103},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69109,"title":69110,"body":69111,"description":71093,"extension":1524,"meta":71094,"navigation":372,"path":71095,"seo":71096,"stem":71097,"__hash__":71098},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69112,"toc":71066},[69113,69116,69121,69124,69132,69145,69147,69212,69214,69236,69241,69245,69250,69258,69260,69270,69272,69353,69355,69385,69387,69406,69411,69428,69430,69514,69516,69546,69551,69555,69561,69645,69647,69677,69680,69684,69687,69778,69780,69818,69821,69906,69908,69938,69944,69951,69955,69960,69969,69971,70056,70058,70087,70090,70098,70102,70106,70115,70138,70140,70162,70164,70178,70180,70240,70244,70249,70288,70290,70307,70309,70319,70418,70423,70427,70432,70475,70477,70505,70507,70521,70596,70598,70620,70624,70627,70632,70643,70648,70656,70659,70730,70732,70757,70814,70816,70837,70846,70854,70859,70861,70866,70887,70890,70965,70968,70982,70989,70991,70995,71001,71005,71015,71019,71026,71030,71036,71038,71063],[10,69114,69110],{"id":69115},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69117,69118,69120],{},[15,69119,54618],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69122,69123],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[173,69125,69126,69129],{},[176,69127,69128],{},"delete an item from a list",[176,69130,69131],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69133,69134,69135,69137,69138,8254,69140,69144],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69136,12314],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69139,12314],{},[195,69141,69142],{"href":54608},[15,69143,55064],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[39,69146,1566],{"id":1565},[44,69148,69150],{"className":46,"code":69149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69151,69152,69172,69187,69191,69202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69153,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69155,326],{"class":59},[53,69157,64],{"class":63},[53,69159,68],{"class":67},[53,69161,334],{"class":333},[53,69163,81],{"class":67},[53,69165,339],{"class":333},[53,69167,81],{"class":67},[53,69169,344],{"class":333},[53,69171,101],{"class":67},[53,69173,69174,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69175,69176],{"class":59},"last_item ",[53,69178,64],{"class":63},[53,69180,356],{"class":59},[53,69182,37],{"class":67},[53,69184,25786],{"class":117},[53,69186,8192],{"class":67},[53,69188,69189],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69190,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69192,69193,69195,69197,69200],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69194,137],{"class":136},[53,69196,121],{"class":67},[53,69198,69199],{"class":117},"last_item",[53,69201,130],{"class":67},[53,69203,69204,69206,69208,69210],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69205,137],{"class":136},[53,69207,121],{"class":67},[53,69209,3209],{"class":117},[53,69211,130],{"class":67},[20,69213,388],{},[44,69215,69217],{"className":46,"code":69216,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69218,69219,69224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69220,69221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69222,69223],{"class":333},"30\n",[53,69225,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69227,1226],{"class":67},[53,69229,334],{"class":333},[53,69231,81],{"class":67},[53,69233,339],{"class":333},[53,69235,101],{"class":67},[20,69237,152,69238,69240],{},[15,69239,12314],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[39,69242,69244],{"id":69243},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69246,69247,69249],{},[15,69248,12314],{}," has two main jobs:",[173,69251,69252,69255],{},[176,69253,69254],{},"It removes one item from a list",[176,69256,69257],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69259,43193],{},[173,69261,69262,69265,69268],{},[176,69263,69264],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[176,69266,69267],{},"It changes the original list",[176,69269,52287],{},[20,69271,316],{},[44,69273,69275],{"className":46,"code":69274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69276,69277,69309,69313,69328,69332,69343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69280,561],{"class":59},[53,69282,64],{"class":63},[53,69284,68],{"class":67},[53,69286,72],{"class":71},[53,69288,570],{"class":75},[53,69290,72],{"class":71},[53,69292,81],{"class":67},[53,69294,84],{"class":71},[53,69296,596],{"class":75},[53,69298,72],{"class":71},[53,69300,81],{"class":67},[53,69302,84],{"class":71},[53,69304,579],{"class":75},[53,69306,72],{"class":71},[53,69308,101],{"class":67},[53,69310,69311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69312,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69314,69315,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69316,69317],{"class":59},"removed ",[53,69319,64],{"class":63},[53,69321,12673],{"class":59},[53,69323,37],{"class":67},[53,69325,25786],{"class":117},[53,69327,8192],{"class":67},[53,69329,69330],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69331,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69333,69334,69336,69338,69341],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69335,137],{"class":136},[53,69337,121],{"class":67},[53,69339,69340],{"class":117},"removed",[53,69342,130],{"class":67},[53,69344,69345,69347,69349,69351],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,69346,137],{"class":136},[53,69348,121],{"class":67},[53,69350,613],{"class":117},[53,69352,130],{"class":67},[20,69354,388],{},[44,69356,69358],{"className":46,"code":69357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69359,69360,69365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69361,69362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69363,69364],{"class":59},"blue\n",[53,69366,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69368,1226],{"class":67},[53,69370,2862],{"class":71},[53,69372,570],{"class":75},[53,69374,2862],{"class":71},[53,69376,81],{"class":67},[53,69378,2857],{"class":71},[53,69380,596],{"class":75},[53,69382,2862],{"class":71},[53,69384,101],{"class":67},[39,69386,202],{"id":201},[44,69388,69390],{"className":46,"code":69389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69391,69392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69393,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69395,7643],{"class":1320},[53,69397,37],{"class":67},[53,69399,25786],{"class":117},[53,69401,2546],{"class":67},[53,69403,118],{"class":117},[53,69405,3449],{"class":67},[20,69407,1541,69408,69410],{},[15,69409,118],{}," is optional.",[173,69412,69413,69419,69425],{},[176,69414,69415,69416,69418],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69417,12314],{}," removes the last item",[176,69420,69421,69422,69424],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69423,12314],{}," removes the item at that position",[176,69426,69427],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69429,316],{},[44,69431,69433],{"className":46,"code":69432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69434,69435,69467,69471,69490,69494,69504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69436,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69438,687],{"class":59},[53,69440,64],{"class":63},[53,69442,68],{"class":67},[53,69444,72],{"class":71},[53,69446,195],{"class":75},[53,69448,72],{"class":71},[53,69450,81],{"class":67},[53,69452,84],{"class":71},[53,69454,704],{"class":75},[53,69456,72],{"class":71},[53,69458,81],{"class":67},[53,69460,84],{"class":71},[53,69462,713],{"class":75},[53,69464,72],{"class":71},[53,69466,101],{"class":67},[53,69468,69469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69470,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69472,69473,69475,69477,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69474,28082],{"class":59},[53,69476,64],{"class":63},[53,69478,69479],{"class":59}," letters",[53,69481,37],{"class":67},[53,69483,25786],{"class":117},[53,69485,121],{"class":67},[53,69487,517],{"class":333},[53,69489,130],{"class":67},[53,69491,69492],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69493,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69495,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69497,137],{"class":136},[53,69499,121],{"class":67},[53,69501,22856],{"class":117},[53,69503,130],{"class":67},[53,69505,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,69507,137],{"class":136},[53,69509,121],{"class":67},[53,69511,747],{"class":117},[53,69513,130],{"class":67},[20,69515,388],{},[44,69517,69519],{"className":46,"code":69518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69520,69521,69526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69522,69523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69524,69525],{"class":59},"b\n",[53,69527,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69529,1226],{"class":67},[53,69531,2862],{"class":71},[53,69533,195],{"class":75},[53,69535,2862],{"class":71},[53,69537,81],{"class":67},[53,69539,2857],{"class":71},[53,69541,713],{"class":75},[53,69543,2862],{"class":71},[53,69545,101],{"class":67},[20,69547,69548,69549,37],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[195,69550,198],{"href":50522},[39,69552,69554],{"id":69553},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69556,69557,69558,69560],{},"When you call ",[15,69559,12314],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[44,69562,69564],{"className":46,"code":69563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69565,69566,69601,69605,69620,69624,69635],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69567,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69579,69581,69583,69585,69588,69590,69592,69594,69597,69599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69569,29442],{"class":59},[53,69571,64],{"class":63},[53,69573,68],{"class":67},[53,69575,72],{"class":71},[53,69577,69578],{"class":75},"write",[53,69580,72],{"class":71},[53,69582,81],{"class":67},[53,69584,84],{"class":71},[53,69586,69587],{"class":75},"test",[53,69589,72],{"class":71},[53,69591,81],{"class":67},[53,69593,84],{"class":71},[53,69595,69596],{"class":75},"submit",[53,69598,72],{"class":71},[53,69600,101],{"class":67},[53,69602,69603],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69604,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69606,69607,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69608,69609],{"class":59},"last_task ",[53,69611,64],{"class":63},[53,69613,29520],{"class":59},[53,69615,37],{"class":67},[53,69617,25786],{"class":117},[53,69619,8192],{"class":67},[53,69621,69622],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69623,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69625,69626,69628,69630,69633],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69627,137],{"class":136},[53,69629,121],{"class":67},[53,69631,69632],{"class":117},"last_task",[53,69634,130],{"class":67},[53,69636,69637,69639,69641,69643],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,69638,137],{"class":136},[53,69640,121],{"class":67},[53,69642,36048],{"class":117},[53,69644,130],{"class":67},[20,69646,388],{},[44,69648,69650],{"className":46,"code":69649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69651,69652,69657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69653,69654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69655,69656],{"class":59},"submit\n",[53,69658,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69660,1226],{"class":67},[53,69662,2862],{"class":71},[53,69664,69578],{"class":75},[53,69666,2862],{"class":71},[53,69668,81],{"class":67},[53,69670,2857],{"class":71},[53,69672,69587],{"class":75},[53,69674,2862],{"class":71},[53,69676,101],{"class":67},[20,69678,69679],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[39,69681,69683],{"id":69682},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69685,69686],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[44,69688,69690],{"className":46,"code":69689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69691,69692,69732,69736,69754,69758,69768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69693,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69695,420],{"class":59},[53,69697,64],{"class":63},[53,69699,68],{"class":67},[53,69701,72],{"class":71},[53,69703,76],{"class":75},[53,69705,72],{"class":71},[53,69707,81],{"class":67},[53,69709,84],{"class":71},[53,69711,87],{"class":75},[53,69713,72],{"class":71},[53,69715,81],{"class":67},[53,69717,84],{"class":71},[53,69719,96],{"class":75},[53,69721,72],{"class":71},[53,69723,81],{"class":67},[53,69725,84],{"class":71},[53,69727,967],{"class":75},[53,69729,72],{"class":71},[53,69731,101],{"class":67},[53,69733,69734],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69735,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69737,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69739,69317],{"class":59},[53,69741,64],{"class":63},[53,69743,457],{"class":59},[53,69745,37],{"class":67},[53,69747,25786],{"class":117},[53,69749,121],{"class":67},[53,69751,517],{"class":333},[53,69753,130],{"class":67},[53,69755,69756],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69757,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69759,69760,69762,69764,69766],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69761,137],{"class":136},[53,69763,121],{"class":67},[53,69765,69340],{"class":117},[53,69767,130],{"class":67},[53,69769,69770,69772,69774,69776],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,69771,137],{"class":136},[53,69773,121],{"class":67},[53,69775,35833],{"class":117},[53,69777,130],{"class":67},[20,69779,388],{},[44,69781,69783],{"className":46,"code":69782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69784,69785,69790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69786,69787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69788,69789],{"class":59},"banana\n",[53,69791,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69793,1226],{"class":67},[53,69795,2862],{"class":71},[53,69797,76],{"class":75},[53,69799,2862],{"class":71},[53,69801,81],{"class":67},[53,69803,2857],{"class":71},[53,69805,96],{"class":75},[53,69807,2862],{"class":71},[53,69809,81],{"class":67},[53,69811,2857],{"class":71},[53,69813,967],{"class":75},[53,69815,2862],{"class":71},[53,69817,101],{"class":67},[20,69819,69820],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[44,69822,69824],{"className":46,"code":69823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69825,69826,69858,69862,69882,69886,69896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69827,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69829,420],{"class":59},[53,69831,64],{"class":63},[53,69833,68],{"class":67},[53,69835,72],{"class":71},[53,69837,76],{"class":75},[53,69839,72],{"class":71},[53,69841,81],{"class":67},[53,69843,84],{"class":71},[53,69845,87],{"class":75},[53,69847,72],{"class":71},[53,69849,81],{"class":67},[53,69851,84],{"class":71},[53,69853,96],{"class":75},[53,69855,72],{"class":71},[53,69857,101],{"class":67},[53,69859,69860],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69861,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69863,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,69865,69317],{"class":59},[53,69867,64],{"class":63},[53,69869,457],{"class":59},[53,69871,37],{"class":67},[53,69873,25786],{"class":117},[53,69875,121],{"class":67},[53,69877,1585],{"class":63},[53,69879,517],{"class":333},[53,69881,130],{"class":67},[53,69883,69884],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,69885,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,69887,69888,69890,69892,69894],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,69889,137],{"class":136},[53,69891,121],{"class":67},[53,69893,69340],{"class":117},[53,69895,130],{"class":67},[53,69897,69898,69900,69902,69904],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,69899,137],{"class":136},[53,69901,121],{"class":67},[53,69903,35833],{"class":117},[53,69905,130],{"class":67},[20,69907,388],{},[44,69909,69911],{"className":46,"code":69910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69912,69913,69918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69914,69915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69916,69917],{"class":59},"cherry\n",[53,69919,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69921,1226],{"class":67},[53,69923,2862],{"class":71},[53,69925,76],{"class":75},[53,69927,2862],{"class":71},[53,69929,81],{"class":67},[53,69931,2857],{"class":71},[53,69933,87],{"class":75},[53,69935,2862],{"class":71},[53,69937,101],{"class":67},[20,69939,69940,69941,69943],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69942,1144],{}," means the last item.",[20,69945,69946,69947,37],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[195,69948,69949,660],{"href":58498},[15,69950,24],{},[39,69952,69954],{"id":69953},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69956,69957,69959],{},[15,69958,12314],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69961,69962,69963,667,69965,37],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69964,12314],{},[195,69966,69967],{"href":54608},[15,69968,55064],{},[20,69970,316],{},[44,69972,69974],{"className":46,"code":69973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69975,69976,70008,70012,70031,70035,70046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69977,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004,70006],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69979,4549],{"class":59},[53,69981,64],{"class":63},[53,69983,68],{"class":67},[53,69985,72],{"class":71},[53,69987,12432],{"class":75},[53,69989,72],{"class":71},[53,69991,81],{"class":67},[53,69993,84],{"class":71},[53,69995,35487],{"class":75},[53,69997,72],{"class":71},[53,69999,81],{"class":67},[53,70001,84],{"class":71},[53,70003,35496],{"class":75},[53,70005,72],{"class":71},[53,70007,101],{"class":67},[53,70009,70010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70011,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70013,70014,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70015,70016],{"class":59},"removed_name ",[53,70018,64],{"class":63},[53,70020,68959],{"class":59},[53,70022,37],{"class":67},[53,70024,25786],{"class":117},[53,70026,121],{"class":67},[53,70028,187],{"class":333},[53,70030,130],{"class":67},[53,70032,70033],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70034,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70036,70037,70039,70041,70044],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70038,137],{"class":136},[53,70040,121],{"class":67},[53,70042,70043],{"class":117},"removed_name",[53,70045,130],{"class":67},[53,70047,70048,70050,70052,70054],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,70049,137],{"class":136},[53,70051,121],{"class":67},[53,70053,4593],{"class":117},[53,70055,130],{"class":67},[20,70057,388],{},[44,70059,70061],{"className":46,"code":70060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70062,70063,70067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70064,70065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70066,49582],{"class":59},[53,70068,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70070,1226],{"class":67},[53,70072,2862],{"class":71},[53,70074,35487],{"class":75},[53,70076,2862],{"class":71},[53,70078,81],{"class":67},[53,70080,2857],{"class":71},[53,70082,35496],{"class":75},[53,70084,2862],{"class":71},[53,70086,101],{"class":67},[20,70088,70089],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70091,70092,70093,70095,70096,37],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70094,55064],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70097,3338],{},[39,70099,70101],{"id":70100},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1418,70103,70105],{"id":70104},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70107,70108,70109,70111,70112,37],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70110,12314],{}," raises an ",[15,70113,70114],{},"IndexError",[44,70116,70118],{"className":46,"code":70117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70119,70120,70128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70121,70122,70124,70126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70123,60],{"class":59},[53,70125,64],{"class":63},[53,70127,7388],{"class":67},[53,70129,70130,70132,70134,70136],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70131,956],{"class":59},[53,70133,37],{"class":67},[53,70135,25786],{"class":117},[53,70137,8192],{"class":67},[20,70139,388],{},[44,70141,70143],{"className":46,"code":70142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70144,70145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70146,70147,70149,70151,70154,70157,70160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70148,70114],{"class":1320},[53,70150,171],{"class":67},[53,70152,70153],{"class":59}," pop ",[53,70155,70156],{"class":1041},"from",[53,70158,70159],{"class":59}," empty ",[53,70161,49428],{"class":1320},[20,70163,38804],{},[173,70165,70166,70171],{},[176,70167,70168,70169],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70170,12314],{},[176,70172,70173,70174,667,70176],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70175,29348],{},[15,70177,29379],{},[20,70179,316],{},[44,70181,70183],{"className":46,"code":70182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70184,70185,70193,70197,70205,70219,70225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70186,70187,70189,70191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70188,60],{"class":59},[53,70190,64],{"class":63},[53,70192,7388],{"class":67},[53,70194,70195],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70196,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70198,70199,70201,70203],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70200,1042],{"class":1041},[53,70202,112],{"class":59},[53,70204,1053],{"class":67},[53,70206,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70208,1058],{"class":136},[53,70210,121],{"class":67},[53,70212,956],{"class":117},[53,70214,37],{"class":67},[53,70216,25786],{"class":117},[53,70218,6745],{"class":67},[53,70220,70221,70223],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70222,1079],{"class":1041},[53,70224,1053],{"class":67},[53,70226,70227,70229,70231,70233,70236,70238],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,70228,1058],{"class":136},[53,70230,121],{"class":67},[53,70232,72],{"class":71},[53,70234,70235],{"class":75},"The list is empty.",[53,70237,72],{"class":71},[53,70239,130],{"class":67},[1418,70241,70243],{"id":70242},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70245,70246,70247,37],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70248,70114],{},[44,70250,70252],{"className":46,"code":70251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70253,70254,70274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70255,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70257,326],{"class":59},[53,70259,64],{"class":63},[53,70261,68],{"class":67},[53,70263,334],{"class":333},[53,70265,81],{"class":67},[53,70267,339],{"class":333},[53,70269,81],{"class":67},[53,70271,344],{"class":333},[53,70273,101],{"class":67},[53,70275,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70277,3209],{"class":59},[53,70279,37],{"class":67},[53,70281,25786],{"class":117},[53,70283,121],{"class":67},[53,70285,1698],{"class":333},[53,70287,130],{"class":67},[20,70289,388],{},[44,70291,70293],{"className":46,"code":70292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70294,70295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70296,70297,70299,70301,70304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70298,70114],{"class":1320},[53,70300,171],{"class":67},[53,70302,70303],{"class":59}," pop index out of ",[53,70305,70306],{"class":136},"range\n",[20,70308,38804],{},[173,70310,70311,70316],{},[176,70312,70313,70314],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70315,41903],{},[176,70317,70318],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[44,70320,70322],{"className":46,"code":70321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70323,70324,70344,70353,70357,70379,70397,70403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70325,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70327,326],{"class":59},[53,70329,64],{"class":63},[53,70331,68],{"class":67},[53,70333,334],{"class":333},[53,70335,81],{"class":67},[53,70337,339],{"class":333},[53,70339,81],{"class":67},[53,70341,344],{"class":333},[53,70343,101],{"class":67},[53,70345,70346,70349,70351],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70347,70348],{"class":59},"index ",[53,70350,64],{"class":63},[53,70352,45133],{"class":333},[53,70354,70355],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70356,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70358,70359,70361,70363,70366,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70360,1042],{"class":1041},[53,70362,3394],{"class":333},[53,70364,70365],{"class":63}," \u003C=",[53,70367,70368],{"class":59}," index ",[53,70370,2851],{"class":63},[53,70372,37928],{"class":136},[53,70374,121],{"class":67},[53,70376,3209],{"class":117},[53,70378,7891],{"class":67},[53,70380,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70382,1058],{"class":136},[53,70384,121],{"class":67},[53,70386,3209],{"class":117},[53,70388,37],{"class":67},[53,70390,25786],{"class":117},[53,70392,121],{"class":67},[53,70394,118],{"class":117},[53,70396,628],{"class":67},[53,70398,70399,70401],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,70400,1079],{"class":1041},[53,70402,1053],{"class":67},[53,70404,70405,70407,70409,70411,70414,70416],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,70406,1058],{"class":136},[53,70408,121],{"class":67},[53,70410,72],{"class":71},[53,70412,70413],{"class":75},"Index is out of range.",[53,70415,72],{"class":71},[53,70417,130],{"class":67},[20,70419,70420,70421,37],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,70422,68642],{"href":68641},[1418,70424,70426],{"id":70425},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70428,70429,70431],{},[15,70430,12314],{}," expects an integer index.",[44,70433,70435],{"className":46,"code":70434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70436,70437,70457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70438,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70440,326],{"class":59},[53,70442,64],{"class":63},[53,70444,68],{"class":67},[53,70446,334],{"class":333},[53,70448,81],{"class":67},[53,70450,339],{"class":333},[53,70452,81],{"class":67},[53,70454,344],{"class":333},[53,70456,101],{"class":67},[53,70458,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70460,3209],{"class":59},[53,70462,37],{"class":67},[53,70464,25786],{"class":117},[53,70466,121],{"class":67},[53,70468,72],{"class":71},[53,70470,517],{"class":75},[53,70472,72],{"class":71},[53,70474,130],{"class":67},[20,70476,388],{},[44,70478,70480],{"className":46,"code":70479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70481,70482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70483,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70499,70502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70485,2565],{"class":1320},[53,70487,171],{"class":67},[53,70489,2857],{"class":71},[53,70491,3005],{"class":75},[53,70493,2862],{"class":71},[53,70495,24163],{"class":1320},[53,70497,70498],{"class":59}," cannot be interpreted ",[53,70500,70501],{"class":1041},"as",[53,70503,70504],{"class":59}," an integer\n",[20,70506,38804],{},[173,70508,70509,70518],{},[176,70510,70511,70512,891,70514,1754,70516],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70513,187],{},[15,70515,517],{},[15,70517,1144],{},[176,70519,70520],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[44,70522,70524],{"className":46,"code":70523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70525,70526,70546,70564,70568,70586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70527,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70529,326],{"class":59},[53,70531,64],{"class":63},[53,70533,68],{"class":67},[53,70535,334],{"class":333},[53,70537,81],{"class":67},[53,70539,339],{"class":333},[53,70541,81],{"class":67},[53,70543,344],{"class":333},[53,70545,101],{"class":67},[53,70547,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70549,70348],{"class":59},[53,70551,64],{"class":63},[53,70553,44820],{"class":1320},[53,70555,121],{"class":67},[53,70557,72],{"class":71},[53,70559,517],{"class":75},[53,70561,72],{"class":71},[53,70563,130],{"class":67},[53,70565,70566],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70567,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70569,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70571,137],{"class":136},[53,70573,121],{"class":67},[53,70575,3209],{"class":117},[53,70577,37],{"class":67},[53,70579,25786],{"class":117},[53,70581,121],{"class":67},[53,70583,118],{"class":117},[53,70585,628],{"class":67},[53,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70589,137],{"class":136},[53,70591,121],{"class":67},[53,70593,3209],{"class":117},[53,70595,130],{"class":67},[20,70597,388],{},[44,70599,70601],{"className":46,"code":70600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70602,70603,70608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70604,70605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70606,70607],{"class":333},"20\n",[53,70609,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70611,1226],{"class":67},[53,70613,334],{"class":333},[53,70615,81],{"class":67},[53,70617,344],{"class":333},[53,70619,101],{"class":67},[39,70621,70623],{"id":70622},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70625,70626],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1418,70628,152,70630,1398],{"id":70629},"use-pop-when",[15,70631,12314],{},[173,70633,70634,70637,70640],{},[176,70635,70636],{},"you want to remove by index",[176,70638,70639],{},"you want the removed item returned",[176,70641,70642],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1418,70644,152,70646,1398],{"id":70645},"use-remove-when",[15,70647,55064],{},[173,70649,70650,70653],{},[176,70651,70652],{},"you want to remove by value",[176,70654,70655],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70657,70658],{},"Compare these examples:",[44,70660,70662],{"className":46,"code":70661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70663,70664,70688,70692,70710,70720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70665,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70667,326],{"class":59},[53,70669,64],{"class":63},[53,70671,68],{"class":67},[53,70673,334],{"class":333},[53,70675,81],{"class":67},[53,70677,339],{"class":333},[53,70679,81],{"class":67},[53,70681,344],{"class":333},[53,70683,81],{"class":67},[53,70685,339],{"class":333},[53,70687,101],{"class":67},[53,70689,70690],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70691,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70693,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70695,69317],{"class":59},[53,70697,64],{"class":63},[53,70699,356],{"class":59},[53,70701,37],{"class":67},[53,70703,25786],{"class":117},[53,70705,121],{"class":67},[53,70707,517],{"class":333},[53,70709,130],{"class":67},[53,70711,70712,70714,70716,70718],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70713,137],{"class":136},[53,70715,121],{"class":67},[53,70717,69340],{"class":117},[53,70719,130],{"class":67},[53,70721,70722,70724,70726,70728],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70723,137],{"class":136},[53,70725,121],{"class":67},[53,70727,3209],{"class":117},[53,70729,130],{"class":67},[20,70731,388],{},[44,70733,70735],{"className":46,"code":70734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70736,70737,70741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70738,70739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70740,70607],{"class":333},[53,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70744,1226],{"class":67},[53,70746,334],{"class":333},[53,70748,81],{"class":67},[53,70750,344],{"class":333},[53,70752,81],{"class":67},[53,70754,339],{"class":333},[53,70756,101],{"class":67},[44,70758,70760],{"className":46,"code":70759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70761,70762,70786,70790,70804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70765,326],{"class":59},[53,70767,64],{"class":63},[53,70769,68],{"class":67},[53,70771,334],{"class":333},[53,70773,81],{"class":67},[53,70775,339],{"class":333},[53,70777,81],{"class":67},[53,70779,344],{"class":333},[53,70781,81],{"class":67},[53,70783,339],{"class":333},[53,70785,101],{"class":67},[53,70787,70788],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70789,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,70791,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70793,3209],{"class":59},[53,70795,37],{"class":67},[53,70797,34340],{"class":117},[53,70799,121],{"class":67},[53,70801,365],{"class":333},[53,70803,130],{"class":67},[53,70805,70806,70808,70810,70812],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70807,137],{"class":136},[53,70809,121],{"class":67},[53,70811,3209],{"class":117},[53,70813,130],{"class":67},[20,70815,388],{},[44,70817,70819],{"className":46,"code":70818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70820,70821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70822,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70824,1226],{"class":67},[53,70826,334],{"class":333},[53,70828,81],{"class":67},[53,70830,344],{"class":333},[53,70832,81],{"class":67},[53,70834,339],{"class":333},[53,70836,101],{"class":67},[20,70838,70839,70840,70843,70844,37],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70841,70842],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70845,517],{},[20,70847,56140,70848,70851,70852,37],{},[15,70849,70850],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70853,365],{},[20,70855,70856,70857,37],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[195,70858,54604],{"href":54603},[39,70860,2389],{"id":2388},[20,70862,70863,70864,171],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70865,12314],{},[173,70867,70868,70871,70874,70880,70884],{},[176,70869,70870],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[176,70872,70873],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[176,70875,36747,70876,8254,70878],{},[15,70877,12314],{},[15,70879,55064],{},[176,70881,8001,70882,61504],{},[15,70883,12314],{},[176,70885,70886],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70888,70889],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[44,70891,70893],{"className":46,"code":70892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70894,70895,70905,70919,70933,70951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70896,70897,70899,70901,70903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70898,137],{"class":136},[53,70900,121],{"class":67},[53,70902,215],{"class":117},[53,70904,130],{"class":67},[53,70906,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70908,137],{"class":136},[53,70910,121],{"class":67},[53,70912,10711],{"class":136},[53,70914,121],{"class":67},[53,70916,215],{"class":117},[53,70918,628],{"class":67},[53,70920,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,70922,137],{"class":136},[53,70924,121],{"class":67},[53,70926,215],{"class":117},[53,70928,37],{"class":67},[53,70930,25786],{"class":117},[53,70932,6745],{"class":67},[53,70934,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,70936,137],{"class":136},[53,70938,121],{"class":67},[53,70940,215],{"class":117},[53,70942,37],{"class":67},[53,70944,25786],{"class":117},[53,70946,121],{"class":67},[53,70948,187],{"class":333},[53,70950,628],{"class":67},[53,70952,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,70954,137],{"class":136},[53,70956,121],{"class":67},[53,70958,1321],{"class":1320},[53,70960,121],{"class":67},[53,70962,118],{"class":117},[53,70964,628],{"class":67},[20,70966,70967],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[173,70969,70970,70976],{},[176,70971,70972,70975],{},[15,70973,70974],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[176,70977,70978,70981],{},[15,70979,70980],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70983,70984,70985,70988],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70986,70987],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[39,70990,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,70992,70994],{"id":70993},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70996,70997,70998,71000],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70999,12314],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1418,71002,71004],{"id":71003},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71006,71007,71009,71010,71012,71013,37],{},[15,71008,12314],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71011,55064],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71014,3338],{},[1418,71016,71018],{"id":71017},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71020,71021,71022,71025],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71023,71024],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1418,71027,71029],{"id":71028},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71031,71032,71033,71035],{},"Python raises ",[15,71034,70114],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[39,71037,1471],{"id":1470},[173,71039,71040,71044,71049,71054,71059],{},[176,71041,71042],{},[195,71043,55051],{"href":54603},[176,71045,71046],{},[195,71047,71048],{"href":54608},"Python list remove() method",[176,71050,71051],{},[195,71052,71053],{"href":58498},"Python list index() method",[176,71055,71056],{},[195,71057,71058],{"href":50522},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[176,71060,71061],{},[195,71062,68642],{"href":68641},[1494,71064,71065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":71067},[71068,71069,71070,71071,71072,71073,71074,71079,71085,71086,71092],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":69243,"depth":104,"text":69244},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":69553,"depth":104,"text":69554},{"id":69682,"depth":104,"text":69683},{"id":69953,"depth":104,"text":69954},{"id":70100,"depth":104,"text":70101,"children":71075},[71076,71077,71078],{"id":70104,"depth":133,"text":70105},{"id":70242,"depth":133,"text":70243},{"id":70425,"depth":133,"text":70426},{"id":70622,"depth":104,"text":70623,"children":71080},[71081,71083],{"id":70629,"depth":133,"text":71082},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70645,"depth":133,"text":71084},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":71087},[71088,71089,71090,71091],{"id":70993,"depth":133,"text":70994},{"id":71003,"depth":133,"text":71004},{"id":71017,"depth":133,"text":71018},{"id":71028,"depth":133,"text":71029},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69110,"description":71093},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71100,"title":71101,"body":71102,"description":72888,"extension":1524,"meta":72889,"navigation":372,"path":72890,"seo":72891,"stem":72892,"__hash__":72893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71103,"toc":72870},[71104,71107,71112,71118,71120,71190,71196,71200,71205,71226,71229,71296,71298,71319,71327,71329,71348,71364,71366,71431,71433,71458,71460,71462,71527,71529,71554,71556,71570,71573,71626,71628,71649,71653,71661,71734,71736,71769,71775,71781,71872,71874,71899,71905,71994,71996,72020,72022,72026,72081,72083,72115,72118,72121,72215,72217,72250,72256,72262,72266,72273,72299,72303,72368,72370,72395,72399,72480,72482,72511,72516,72521,72527,72531,72538,72560,72564,72623,72625,72649,72658,72663,72665,72669,72698,72700,72775,72778,72792,72798,72800,72804,72807,72811,72816,72820,72829,72833,72841,72843,72867],[10,71105,71101],{"id":71106},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71108,1541,71109,71111],{},[15,71110,54611],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71113,71114,71115,71117],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71116,224],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[39,71119,1566],{"id":1565},[44,71121,71123],{"className":46,"code":71122,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71124,71125,71157,71175,71185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71126,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71128,60],{"class":59},[53,71130,64],{"class":63},[53,71132,68],{"class":67},[53,71134,72],{"class":71},[53,71136,76],{"class":75},[53,71138,72],{"class":71},[53,71140,81],{"class":67},[53,71142,84],{"class":71},[53,71144,87],{"class":75},[53,71146,72],{"class":71},[53,71148,81],{"class":67},[53,71150,84],{"class":71},[53,71152,967],{"class":75},[53,71154,72],{"class":71},[53,71156,101],{"class":67},[53,71158,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71160,956],{"class":59},[53,71162,37],{"class":67},[53,71164,34340],{"class":117},[53,71166,121],{"class":67},[53,71168,72],{"class":71},[53,71170,87],{"class":75},[53,71172,72],{"class":71},[53,71174,130],{"class":67},[53,71176,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71178,137],{"class":136},[53,71180,121],{"class":67},[53,71182,956],{"class":117},[53,71184,130],{"class":67},[53,71186,71187],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,71188,71189],{"class":148},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71191,152,71192,71195],{},[15,71193,71194],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[39,71197,71199],{"id":71198},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71201,71202,71204],{},[15,71203,55064],{}," is a list method that:",[173,71206,71207,71213,71218,71223],{},[176,71208,71209,71210,71212],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71211,29453],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[176,71214,71215,71216],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71217,10883],{},[176,71219,1431,71220,71222],{},[30,71221,1112],{}," return a new list",[176,71224,71225],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71227,71228],{},"This is important for beginners:",[44,71230,71232],{"className":46,"code":71231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71233,71234,71254,71272,71276,71286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71235,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71237,326],{"class":59},[53,71239,64],{"class":63},[53,71241,68],{"class":67},[53,71243,517],{"class":333},[53,71245,81],{"class":67},[53,71247,790],{"class":333},[53,71249,81],{"class":67},[53,71251,1269],{"class":333},[53,71253,101],{"class":67},[53,71255,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71257,351],{"class":59},[53,71259,64],{"class":63},[53,71261,356],{"class":59},[53,71263,37],{"class":67},[53,71265,34340],{"class":117},[53,71267,121],{"class":67},[53,71269,525],{"class":333},[53,71271,130],{"class":67},[53,71273,71274],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71275,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,71277,71278,71280,71282,71284],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,71279,137],{"class":136},[53,71281,121],{"class":67},[53,71283,3209],{"class":117},[53,71285,130],{"class":67},[53,71287,71288,71290,71292,71294],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,71289,137],{"class":136},[53,71291,121],{"class":67},[53,71293,383],{"class":117},[53,71295,130],{"class":67},[20,71297,388],{},[44,71299,71301],{"className":46,"code":71300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71302,71303,71315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71304,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71306,1226],{"class":67},[53,71308,517],{"class":333},[53,71310,81],{"class":67},[53,71312,1269],{"class":333},[53,71314,101],{"class":67},[53,71316,71317],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71318,11359],{"class":3413},[20,71320,71321,71322,71324,71325,37],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71323,55064],{}," itself returned ",[15,71326,3338],{},[39,71328,4983],{"id":4982},[44,71330,71332],{"className":46,"code":71331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71333,71334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71337,7643],{"class":1320},[53,71339,37],{"class":67},[53,71341,34340],{"class":117},[53,71343,121],{"class":67},[53,71345,224],{"class":117},[53,71347,130],{"class":67},[173,71349,71350,71355,71358],{},[176,71351,71352,71354],{},[15,71353,224],{}," is the item you want to delete",[176,71356,71357],{},"Python searches from left to right",[176,71359,71360,71361,71363],{},"Only the ",[30,71362,29453],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71365,316],{},[44,71367,71369],{"className":46,"code":71368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71370,71371,71403,71421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71372,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71374,687],{"class":59},[53,71376,64],{"class":63},[53,71378,68],{"class":67},[53,71380,72],{"class":71},[53,71382,195],{"class":75},[53,71384,72],{"class":71},[53,71386,81],{"class":67},[53,71388,84],{"class":71},[53,71390,704],{"class":75},[53,71392,72],{"class":71},[53,71394,81],{"class":67},[53,71396,84],{"class":71},[53,71398,713],{"class":75},[53,71400,72],{"class":71},[53,71402,101],{"class":67},[53,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71406,747],{"class":59},[53,71408,37],{"class":67},[53,71410,34340],{"class":117},[53,71412,121],{"class":67},[53,71414,72],{"class":71},[53,71416,704],{"class":75},[53,71418,72],{"class":71},[53,71420,130],{"class":67},[53,71422,71423,71425,71427,71429],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71424,137],{"class":136},[53,71426,121],{"class":67},[53,71428,747],{"class":117},[53,71430,130],{"class":67},[20,71432,388],{},[44,71434,71436],{"className":46,"code":71435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71437,71438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71439,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71441,1226],{"class":67},[53,71443,2862],{"class":71},[53,71445,195],{"class":75},[53,71447,2862],{"class":71},[53,71449,81],{"class":67},[53,71451,2857],{"class":71},[53,71453,713],{"class":75},[53,71455,2862],{"class":71},[53,71457,101],{"class":67},[39,71459,5339],{"id":5338},[20,71461,410],{},[44,71463,71465],{"className":46,"code":71464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71466,71467,71499,71517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71468,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71470,561],{"class":59},[53,71472,64],{"class":63},[53,71474,68],{"class":67},[53,71476,72],{"class":71},[53,71478,570],{"class":75},[53,71480,72],{"class":71},[53,71482,81],{"class":67},[53,71484,84],{"class":71},[53,71486,579],{"class":75},[53,71488,72],{"class":71},[53,71490,81],{"class":67},[53,71492,84],{"class":71},[53,71494,596],{"class":75},[53,71496,72],{"class":71},[53,71498,101],{"class":67},[53,71500,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71502,613],{"class":59},[53,71504,37],{"class":67},[53,71506,34340],{"class":117},[53,71508,121],{"class":67},[53,71510,72],{"class":71},[53,71512,579],{"class":75},[53,71514,72],{"class":71},[53,71516,130],{"class":67},[53,71518,71519,71521,71523,71525],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71520,137],{"class":136},[53,71522,121],{"class":67},[53,71524,613],{"class":117},[53,71526,130],{"class":67},[20,71528,388],{},[44,71530,71532],{"className":46,"code":71531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71533,71534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71535,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71537,1226],{"class":67},[53,71539,2862],{"class":71},[53,71541,570],{"class":75},[53,71543,2862],{"class":71},[53,71545,81],{"class":67},[53,71547,2857],{"class":71},[53,71549,596],{"class":75},[53,71551,2862],{"class":71},[53,71553,101],{"class":67},[20,71555,11234],{},[173,71557,71558,71561,71567],{},[176,71559,71560],{},"A list is created with three values",[176,71562,71563,71566],{},[15,71564,71565],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[176,71568,71569],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71571,71572],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[44,71574,71576],{"className":46,"code":71575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71577,71578,71602,71616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71579,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71581,4618],{"class":59},[53,71583,64],{"class":63},[53,71585,68],{"class":67},[53,71587,334],{"class":333},[53,71589,81],{"class":67},[53,71591,339],{"class":333},[53,71593,81],{"class":67},[53,71595,344],{"class":333},[53,71597,81],{"class":67},[53,71599,50386],{"class":333},[53,71601,101],{"class":67},[53,71603,71604,71606,71608,71610,71612,71614],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71605,15940],{"class":59},[53,71607,37],{"class":67},[53,71609,34340],{"class":117},[53,71611,121],{"class":67},[53,71613,36384],{"class":333},[53,71615,130],{"class":67},[53,71617,71618,71620,71622,71624],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71619,137],{"class":136},[53,71621,121],{"class":67},[53,71623,15940],{"class":117},[53,71625,130],{"class":67},[20,71627,388],{},[44,71629,71631],{"className":46,"code":71630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71632,71633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71634,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71636,1226],{"class":67},[53,71638,334],{"class":333},[53,71640,81],{"class":67},[53,71642,339],{"class":333},[53,71644,81],{"class":67},[53,71646,50386],{"class":333},[53,71648,101],{"class":67},[39,71650,71652],{"id":71651},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71654,400,71655,71657,71658,71660],{},[15,71656,55064],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71659,29453],{}," one.",[44,71662,71664],{"className":46,"code":71663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71665,71666,71706,71724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71667,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71669,60],{"class":59},[53,71671,64],{"class":63},[53,71673,68],{"class":67},[53,71675,72],{"class":71},[53,71677,76],{"class":75},[53,71679,72],{"class":71},[53,71681,81],{"class":67},[53,71683,84],{"class":71},[53,71685,87],{"class":75},[53,71687,72],{"class":71},[53,71689,81],{"class":67},[53,71691,84],{"class":71},[53,71693,76],{"class":75},[53,71695,72],{"class":71},[53,71697,81],{"class":67},[53,71699,84],{"class":71},[53,71701,967],{"class":75},[53,71703,72],{"class":71},[53,71705,101],{"class":67},[53,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71709,956],{"class":59},[53,71711,37],{"class":67},[53,71713,34340],{"class":117},[53,71715,121],{"class":67},[53,71717,72],{"class":71},[53,71719,76],{"class":75},[53,71721,72],{"class":71},[53,71723,130],{"class":67},[53,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71727,137],{"class":136},[53,71729,121],{"class":67},[53,71731,956],{"class":117},[53,71733,130],{"class":67},[20,71735,388],{},[44,71737,71739],{"className":46,"code":71738,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71740,71741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71742,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71744,1226],{"class":67},[53,71746,2862],{"class":71},[53,71748,87],{"class":75},[53,71750,2862],{"class":71},[53,71752,81],{"class":67},[53,71754,2857],{"class":71},[53,71756,76],{"class":75},[53,71758,2862],{"class":71},[53,71760,81],{"class":67},[53,71762,2857],{"class":71},[53,71764,967],{"class":75},[53,71766,2862],{"class":71},[53,71768,101],{"class":67},[20,71770,71771,71772,71774],{},"Only the first ",[15,71773,506],{}," was removed.",[20,71776,71777,71778,71780],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71779,55064],{}," again:",[44,71782,71784],{"className":46,"code":71783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71785,71786,71826,71844,71862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71787,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71789,60],{"class":59},[53,71791,64],{"class":63},[53,71793,68],{"class":67},[53,71795,72],{"class":71},[53,71797,76],{"class":75},[53,71799,72],{"class":71},[53,71801,81],{"class":67},[53,71803,84],{"class":71},[53,71805,87],{"class":75},[53,71807,72],{"class":71},[53,71809,81],{"class":67},[53,71811,84],{"class":71},[53,71813,76],{"class":75},[53,71815,72],{"class":71},[53,71817,81],{"class":67},[53,71819,84],{"class":71},[53,71821,967],{"class":75},[53,71823,72],{"class":71},[53,71825,101],{"class":67},[53,71827,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71829,956],{"class":59},[53,71831,37],{"class":67},[53,71833,34340],{"class":117},[53,71835,121],{"class":67},[53,71837,72],{"class":71},[53,71839,76],{"class":75},[53,71841,72],{"class":71},[53,71843,130],{"class":67},[53,71845,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71847,956],{"class":59},[53,71849,37],{"class":67},[53,71851,34340],{"class":117},[53,71853,121],{"class":67},[53,71855,72],{"class":71},[53,71857,76],{"class":75},[53,71859,72],{"class":71},[53,71861,130],{"class":67},[53,71863,71864,71866,71868,71870],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,71865,137],{"class":136},[53,71867,121],{"class":67},[53,71869,956],{"class":117},[53,71871,130],{"class":67},[20,71873,388],{},[44,71875,71877],{"className":46,"code":71876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71878,71879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71880,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71882,1226],{"class":67},[53,71884,2862],{"class":71},[53,71886,87],{"class":75},[53,71888,2862],{"class":71},[53,71890,81],{"class":67},[53,71892,2857],{"class":71},[53,71894,967],{"class":75},[53,71896,2862],{"class":71},[53,71898,101],{"class":67},[20,71900,71901,71902,71904],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,71903,3275],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[44,71906,71908],{"className":46,"code":71907,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71909,71910,71950,71984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71911,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71913,60],{"class":59},[53,71915,64],{"class":63},[53,71917,68],{"class":67},[53,71919,72],{"class":71},[53,71921,76],{"class":75},[53,71923,72],{"class":71},[53,71925,81],{"class":67},[53,71927,84],{"class":71},[53,71929,87],{"class":75},[53,71931,72],{"class":71},[53,71933,81],{"class":67},[53,71935,84],{"class":71},[53,71937,76],{"class":75},[53,71939,72],{"class":71},[53,71941,81],{"class":67},[53,71943,84],{"class":71},[53,71945,967],{"class":75},[53,71947,72],{"class":71},[53,71949,101],{"class":67},[53,71951,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71969,71971,71973,71976,71978,71980,71982],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71953,60],{"class":59},[53,71955,64],{"class":63},[53,71957,68],{"class":67},[53,71959,28082],{"class":59},[53,71961,5510],{"class":1041},[53,71963,5513],{"class":59},[53,71965,1048],{"class":1041},[53,71967,71968],{"class":59}," items ",[53,71970,1042],{"class":1041},[53,71972,5513],{"class":59},[53,71974,71975],{"class":63},"!=",[53,71977,84],{"class":71},[53,71979,76],{"class":75},[53,71981,72],{"class":71},[53,71983,101],{"class":67},[53,71985,71986,71988,71990,71992],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,71987,137],{"class":136},[53,71989,121],{"class":67},[53,71991,956],{"class":117},[53,71993,130],{"class":67},[20,71995,388],{},[44,71997,71998],{"className":46,"code":71876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,71999,72000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72001,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72003,1226],{"class":67},[53,72005,2862],{"class":71},[53,72007,87],{"class":75},[53,72009,2862],{"class":71},[53,72011,81],{"class":67},[53,72013,2857],{"class":71},[53,72015,967],{"class":75},[53,72017,2862],{"class":71},[53,72019,101],{"class":67},[39,72021,903],{"id":902},[20,72023,906,72024,37],{},[15,72025,36],{},[44,72027,72029],{"className":46,"code":72028,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72030,72031,72063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72034,60],{"class":59},[53,72036,64],{"class":63},[53,72038,68],{"class":67},[53,72040,72],{"class":71},[53,72042,76],{"class":75},[53,72044,72],{"class":71},[53,72046,81],{"class":67},[53,72048,84],{"class":71},[53,72050,87],{"class":75},[53,72052,72],{"class":71},[53,72054,81],{"class":67},[53,72056,84],{"class":71},[53,72058,967],{"class":75},[53,72060,72],{"class":71},[53,72062,101],{"class":67},[53,72064,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72066,956],{"class":59},[53,72068,37],{"class":67},[53,72070,34340],{"class":117},[53,72072,121],{"class":67},[53,72074,72],{"class":71},[53,72076,22078],{"class":75},[53,72078,72],{"class":71},[53,72080,130],{"class":67},[20,72082,388],{},[44,72084,72086],{"className":46,"code":72085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72087,72088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72089,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72091,36],{"class":1320},[53,72093,171],{"class":67},[53,72095,22105],{"class":1320},[53,72097,37],{"class":67},[53,72099,34340],{"class":117},[53,72101,121],{"class":67},[53,72103,1735],{"class":117},[53,72105,16003],{"class":67},[53,72107,3441],{"class":59},[53,72109,1112],{"class":63},[53,72111,1286],{"class":63},[53,72113,72114],{"class":1320}," list\n",[20,72116,72117],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72119,72120],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[44,72122,72124],{"className":46,"code":72123,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72125,72126,72158,72170,72174,72186,72201,72205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72127,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72129,60],{"class":59},[53,72131,64],{"class":63},[53,72133,68],{"class":67},[53,72135,72],{"class":71},[53,72137,76],{"class":75},[53,72139,72],{"class":71},[53,72141,81],{"class":67},[53,72143,84],{"class":71},[53,72145,87],{"class":75},[53,72147,72],{"class":71},[53,72149,81],{"class":67},[53,72151,84],{"class":71},[53,72153,967],{"class":75},[53,72155,72],{"class":71},[53,72157,101],{"class":67},[53,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72161,2006],{"class":59},[53,72163,64],{"class":63},[53,72165,84],{"class":71},[53,72167,22078],{"class":75},[53,72169,1032],{"class":71},[53,72171,72172],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72173,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,72175,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,72177,1042],{"class":1041},[53,72179,21129],{"class":59},[53,72181,1048],{"class":63},[53,72183,112],{"class":59},[53,72185,1053],{"class":67},[53,72187,72188,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,72189,72190],{"class":59},"    items",[53,72192,37],{"class":67},[53,72194,34340],{"class":117},[53,72196,121],{"class":67},[53,72198,224],{"class":117},[53,72200,130],{"class":67},[53,72202,72203],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,72204,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,72206,72207,72209,72211,72213],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,72208,137],{"class":136},[53,72210,121],{"class":67},[53,72212,956],{"class":117},[53,72214,130],{"class":67},[20,72216,388],{},[44,72218,72220],{"className":46,"code":72219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72221,72222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72225,1226],{"class":67},[53,72227,2862],{"class":71},[53,72229,76],{"class":75},[53,72231,2862],{"class":71},[53,72233,81],{"class":67},[53,72235,2857],{"class":71},[53,72237,87],{"class":75},[53,72239,2862],{"class":71},[53,72241,81],{"class":67},[53,72243,2857],{"class":71},[53,72245,967],{"class":75},[53,72247,2862],{"class":71},[53,72249,101],{"class":67},[20,72251,72252,72253,72255],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72254,55064],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72257,72258,72259,37],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[195,72260,1125],{"href":72261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[39,72263,72265],{"id":72264},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72267,72268,667,72270,72272],{},[15,72269,55064],{},[15,72271,12314],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[173,72274,72275,72282,72288,72294],{},[176,72276,72277,72279,72280],{},[15,72278,55064],{}," deletes by ",[30,72281,224],{},[176,72283,72284,72279,72286],{},[15,72285,12314],{},[30,72287,118],{},[176,72289,72290,532,72292],{},[15,72291,55064],{},[15,72293,3338],{},[176,72295,72296,72298],{},[15,72297,12314],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72300,45584,72301,171],{},[15,72302,55064],{},[44,72304,72306],{"className":46,"code":72305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72307,72308,72340,72358],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72309,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72311,60],{"class":59},[53,72313,64],{"class":63},[53,72315,68],{"class":67},[53,72317,72],{"class":71},[53,72319,76],{"class":75},[53,72321,72],{"class":71},[53,72323,81],{"class":67},[53,72325,84],{"class":71},[53,72327,87],{"class":75},[53,72329,72],{"class":71},[53,72331,81],{"class":67},[53,72333,84],{"class":71},[53,72335,967],{"class":75},[53,72337,72],{"class":71},[53,72339,101],{"class":67},[53,72341,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72343,956],{"class":59},[53,72345,37],{"class":67},[53,72347,34340],{"class":117},[53,72349,121],{"class":67},[53,72351,72],{"class":71},[53,72353,87],{"class":75},[53,72355,72],{"class":71},[53,72357,130],{"class":67},[53,72359,72360,72362,72364,72366],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72361,137],{"class":136},[53,72363,121],{"class":67},[53,72365,956],{"class":117},[53,72367,130],{"class":67},[20,72369,388],{},[44,72371,72373],{"className":46,"code":72372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72374,72375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72376,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72378,1226],{"class":67},[53,72380,2862],{"class":71},[53,72382,76],{"class":75},[53,72384,2862],{"class":71},[53,72386,81],{"class":67},[53,72388,2857],{"class":71},[53,72390,967],{"class":75},[53,72392,2862],{"class":71},[53,72394,101],{"class":67},[20,72396,45584,72397,171],{},[15,72398,12314],{},[44,72400,72402],{"className":46,"code":72401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72403,72404,72436,72455,72459,72469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72405,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72407,60],{"class":59},[53,72409,64],{"class":63},[53,72411,68],{"class":67},[53,72413,72],{"class":71},[53,72415,76],{"class":75},[53,72417,72],{"class":71},[53,72419,81],{"class":67},[53,72421,84],{"class":71},[53,72423,87],{"class":75},[53,72425,72],{"class":71},[53,72427,81],{"class":67},[53,72429,84],{"class":71},[53,72431,967],{"class":75},[53,72433,72],{"class":71},[53,72435,101],{"class":67},[53,72437,72438,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72439,72440],{"class":59},"removed_item ",[53,72442,64],{"class":63},[53,72444,112],{"class":59},[53,72446,37],{"class":67},[53,72448,25786],{"class":117},[53,72450,121],{"class":67},[53,72452,517],{"class":333},[53,72454,130],{"class":67},[53,72456,72457],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72458,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,72460,72461,72463,72465,72467],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,72462,137],{"class":136},[53,72464,121],{"class":67},[53,72466,956],{"class":117},[53,72468,130],{"class":67},[53,72470,72471,72473,72475,72478],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,72472,137],{"class":136},[53,72474,121],{"class":67},[53,72476,72477],{"class":117},"removed_item",[53,72479,130],{"class":67},[20,72481,388],{},[44,72483,72485],{"className":46,"code":72484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72486,72487,72507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72488,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72490,1226],{"class":67},[53,72492,2862],{"class":71},[53,72494,76],{"class":75},[53,72496,2862],{"class":71},[53,72498,81],{"class":67},[53,72500,2857],{"class":71},[53,72502,967],{"class":75},[53,72504,2862],{"class":71},[53,72506,101],{"class":67},[53,72508,72509],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72510,69789],{"class":59},[20,72512,152,72513,72515],{},[15,72514,55064],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72517,152,72518,72520],{},[15,72519,12314],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72522,72523,72524,37],{},"For more detail, see the ",[195,72525,72526],{"href":54615},"Python list pop() method",[39,72528,72530],{"id":72529},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72532,72533,667,72535,72537],{},[15,72534,55064],{},[15,72536,26570],{}," are also different.",[173,72539,72540,72545,72550,72555],{},[176,72541,72542,72544],{},[15,72543,55064],{}," deletes by matching value",[176,72546,72547,72549],{},[15,72548,26570],{}," deletes by index or slice",[176,72551,152,72552,72554],{},[15,72553,26570],{}," when you know the position",[176,72556,152,72557,72559],{},[15,72558,55064],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72561,45584,72562,171],{},[15,72563,26570],{},[44,72565,72567],{"className":46,"code":72566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72568,72569,72601,72613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72570,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72572,60],{"class":59},[53,72574,64],{"class":63},[53,72576,68],{"class":67},[53,72578,72],{"class":71},[53,72580,76],{"class":75},[53,72582,72],{"class":71},[53,72584,81],{"class":67},[53,72586,84],{"class":71},[53,72588,87],{"class":75},[53,72590,72],{"class":71},[53,72592,81],{"class":67},[53,72594,84],{"class":71},[53,72596,967],{"class":75},[53,72598,72],{"class":71},[53,72600,101],{"class":67},[53,72602,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72604,26570],{"class":1041},[53,72606,112],{"class":59},[53,72608,1226],{"class":67},[53,72610,517],{"class":333},[53,72612,101],{"class":67},[53,72614,72615,72617,72619,72621],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72616,137],{"class":136},[53,72618,121],{"class":67},[53,72620,956],{"class":117},[53,72622,130],{"class":67},[20,72624,388],{},[44,72626,72627],{"className":46,"code":72372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,72628,72629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72630,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72632,1226],{"class":67},[53,72634,2862],{"class":71},[53,72636,76],{"class":75},[53,72638,2862],{"class":71},[53,72640,81],{"class":67},[53,72642,2857],{"class":71},[53,72644,967],{"class":75},[53,72646,2862],{"class":71},[53,72648,101],{"class":67},[20,72650,72651,72652,72654,72655,72657],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72653,517],{},", not the value ",[15,72656,514],{}," directly.",[20,72659,72660,72661,37],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[195,72662,54604],{"href":54603},[39,72664,2389],{"id":2388},[20,72666,1132,72667,171],{},[15,72668,55064],{},[173,72670,72671,72674,72679,72686,72695],{},[176,72672,72673],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[176,72675,8001,72676,72678],{},[15,72677,55064],{}," to delete all matching values",[176,72680,12146,72681,72683,72684],{},[15,72682,55064],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72685,3338],{},[176,72687,664,72688,44173,72690,2438,72692,72694],{},[15,72689,55064],{},[15,72691,12314],{},[15,72693,26570],{}," would be a better fit",[176,72696,72697],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72699,70889],{},[44,72701,72703],{"className":46,"code":72702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72704,72705,72715,72729,72747,72761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72706,72707,72709,72711,72713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72708,137],{"class":136},[53,72710,121],{"class":67},[53,72712,215],{"class":117},[53,72714,130],{"class":67},[53,72716,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72718,137],{"class":136},[53,72720,121],{"class":67},[53,72722,2006],{"class":117},[53,72724,1048],{"class":1041},[53,72726,1340],{"class":117},[53,72728,130],{"class":67},[53,72730,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72732,137],{"class":136},[53,72734,121],{"class":67},[53,72736,215],{"class":117},[53,72738,37],{"class":67},[53,72740,40801],{"class":117},[53,72742,121],{"class":67},[53,72744,224],{"class":117},[53,72746,628],{"class":67},[53,72748,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,72750,137],{"class":136},[53,72752,121],{"class":67},[53,72754,1321],{"class":1320},[53,72756,121],{"class":67},[53,72758,215],{"class":117},[53,72760,628],{"class":67},[53,72762,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,72764,31697],{"class":136},[53,72766,121],{"class":67},[53,72768,7643],{"class":1320},[53,72770,37],{"class":67},[53,72772,34340],{"class":1223},[53,72774,130],{"class":67},[20,72776,72777],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[173,72779,72780,72783,72786,72789],{},[176,72781,72782],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[176,72784,72785],{},"How many times does it appear?",[176,72787,72788],{},"Am I working with a list?",[176,72790,72791],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72793,72794,72795,72797],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[195,72796,71053],{"href":58498}," may also help.",[39,72799,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,72801,72803],{"id":72802},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72805,72806],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1418,72808,72810],{"id":72809},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72812,4701,72813,72815],{},[15,72814,3338],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1418,72817,72819],{"id":72818},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72821,72822,72823,72826,72827,37],{},"Check with ",[15,72824,72825],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72828,55064],{},[1418,72830,72832],{"id":72831},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72834,152,72835,72837,72838,72840],{},[15,72836,55064],{}," for a value and ",[15,72839,12314],{}," for an index.",[39,72842,1471],{"id":1470},[173,72844,72845,72849,72853,72857,72861],{},[176,72846,72847],{},[195,72848,55051],{"href":54603},[176,72850,72851],{},[195,72852,72526],{"href":54615},[176,72854,72855],{},[195,72856,71053],{"href":58498},[176,72858,72859],{},[195,72860,1125],{"href":72261},[176,72862,72863],{},[195,72864,72866],{"href":72865},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1494,72868,72869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":72871},[72872,72873,72874,72875,72876,72877,72878,72879,72880,72881,72887],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":71198,"depth":104,"text":71199},{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983},{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":71651,"depth":104,"text":71652},{"id":902,"depth":104,"text":903},{"id":72264,"depth":104,"text":72265},{"id":72529,"depth":104,"text":72530},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":72882},[72883,72884,72885,72886],{"id":72802,"depth":133,"text":72803},{"id":72809,"depth":133,"text":72810},{"id":72818,"depth":133,"text":72819},{"id":72831,"depth":133,"text":72832},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71101,"description":72888},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72895,"title":72896,"body":72897,"description":74788,"extension":1524,"meta":74789,"navigation":372,"path":74790,"seo":74791,"stem":74792,"__hash__":74793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72898,"toc":74758},[72899,72905,72911,72914,72925,72927,72976,72981,72986,72990,73005,73007,73072,73074,73115,73117,73119,73134,73136,73147,73149,73206,73208,73241,73243,73246,73295,73297,73322,73324,73340,73346,73353,73414,73416,73449,73454,73457,73537,73539,73600,73606,73610,73613,73677,73679,73704,73706,73726,73728,73777,73779,73800,73809,73812,73816,73821,73866,73868,73889,73895,73900,73908,73972,73974,74011,74017,74021,74028,74093,74095,74132,74136,74153,74163,74168,74173,74184,74191,74193,74199,74222,74225,74252,74257,74260,74361,74363,74418,74421,74528,74530,74601,74604,74630,74632,74637,74641,74649,74654,74659,74665,74670,74674,74677,74694,74697,74717,74725,74727,74755],[10,72900,13,72902,18],{"id":72901},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72903,72904],{},"reverse()",[20,72906,72907,72910],{},[15,72908,72909],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72912,72913],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72915,72916,72917,72919,72920,72924],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72918,72904],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[195,72921,72923],{"href":72922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[39,72926,42],{"id":41},[44,72928,72930],{"className":46,"code":72929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72931,72932,72952,72963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72935,326],{"class":59},[53,72937,64],{"class":63},[53,72939,68],{"class":67},[53,72941,517],{"class":333},[53,72943,81],{"class":67},[53,72945,790],{"class":333},[53,72947,81],{"class":67},[53,72949,1269],{"class":333},[53,72951,101],{"class":67},[53,72953,72954,72956,72958,72961],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72955,3209],{"class":59},[53,72957,37],{"class":67},[53,72959,72960],{"class":117},"reverse",[53,72962,8192],{"class":67},[53,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,72966,137],{"class":136},[53,72968,121],{"class":67},[53,72970,3209],{"class":117},[53,72972,145],{"class":67},[53,72974,72975],{"class":148},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72977,72978,72980],{},[15,72979,72904],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[39,72982,163,72984,166],{"id":72983},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72985,72909],{},[20,72987,72988,171],{},[15,72989,72909],{},[173,72991,72992,72995,72998,73002],{},[176,72993,72994],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[176,72996,72997],{},"Changes the original list directly",[176,72999,10973,73000],{},[15,73001,3338],{},[176,73003,73004],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73006,316],{},[44,73008,73010],{"className":46,"code":73009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73011,73012,73052,73062],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73015,687],{"class":59},[53,73017,64],{"class":63},[53,73019,68],{"class":67},[53,73021,72],{"class":71},[53,73023,195],{"class":75},[53,73025,72],{"class":71},[53,73027,81],{"class":67},[53,73029,84],{"class":71},[53,73031,704],{"class":75},[53,73033,72],{"class":71},[53,73035,81],{"class":67},[53,73037,84],{"class":71},[53,73039,713],{"class":75},[53,73041,72],{"class":71},[53,73043,81],{"class":67},[53,73045,84],{"class":71},[53,73047,730],{"class":75},[53,73049,72],{"class":71},[53,73051,101],{"class":67},[53,73053,73054,73056,73058,73060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73055,747],{"class":59},[53,73057,37],{"class":67},[53,73059,72960],{"class":117},[53,73061,8192],{"class":67},[53,73063,73064,73066,73068,73070],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73065,137],{"class":136},[53,73067,121],{"class":67},[53,73069,747],{"class":117},[53,73071,130],{"class":67},[20,73073,388],{},[44,73075,73077],{"className":46,"code":73076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73078,73079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73082,1226],{"class":67},[53,73084,2862],{"class":71},[53,73086,730],{"class":75},[53,73088,2862],{"class":71},[53,73090,81],{"class":67},[53,73092,2857],{"class":71},[53,73094,713],{"class":75},[53,73096,2862],{"class":71},[53,73098,81],{"class":67},[53,73100,2857],{"class":71},[53,73102,704],{"class":75},[53,73104,2862],{"class":71},[53,73106,81],{"class":67},[53,73108,2857],{"class":71},[53,73110,195],{"class":75},[53,73112,2862],{"class":71},[53,73114,101],{"class":67},[39,73116,202],{"id":201},[20,73118,1721],{},[44,73120,73122],{"className":46,"code":73121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73123,73124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73125,73126,73128,73130,73132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73127,215],{"class":59},[53,73129,37],{"class":67},[53,73131,72960],{"class":117},[53,73133,8192],{"class":67},[20,73135,12604],{},[173,73137,73138,73141,73144],{},[176,73139,73140],{},"No arguments are needed",[176,73142,73143],{},"You call it on an existing list",[176,73145,73146],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73148,316],{},[44,73150,73152],{"className":46,"code":73151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73153,73154,73186,73196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73155,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73157,561],{"class":59},[53,73159,64],{"class":63},[53,73161,68],{"class":67},[53,73163,72],{"class":71},[53,73165,570],{"class":75},[53,73167,72],{"class":71},[53,73169,81],{"class":67},[53,73171,84],{"class":71},[53,73173,596],{"class":75},[53,73175,72],{"class":71},[53,73177,81],{"class":67},[53,73179,84],{"class":71},[53,73181,579],{"class":75},[53,73183,72],{"class":71},[53,73185,101],{"class":67},[53,73187,73188,73190,73192,73194],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73189,613],{"class":59},[53,73191,37],{"class":67},[53,73193,72960],{"class":117},[53,73195,8192],{"class":67},[53,73197,73198,73200,73202,73204],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73199,137],{"class":136},[53,73201,121],{"class":67},[53,73203,613],{"class":117},[53,73205,130],{"class":67},[20,73207,388],{},[44,73209,73211],{"className":46,"code":73210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73212,73213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73214,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73216,1226],{"class":67},[53,73218,2862],{"class":71},[53,73220,579],{"class":75},[53,73222,2862],{"class":71},[53,73224,81],{"class":67},[53,73226,2857],{"class":71},[53,73228,596],{"class":75},[53,73230,2862],{"class":71},[53,73232,81],{"class":67},[53,73234,2857],{"class":71},[53,73236,570],{"class":75},[53,73238,2862],{"class":71},[53,73240,101],{"class":67},[39,73242,11025],{"id":11024},[20,73244,73245],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[44,73247,73249],{"className":46,"code":73248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73250,73251,73275,73285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73252,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73254,326],{"class":59},[53,73256,64],{"class":63},[53,73258,68],{"class":67},[53,73260,334],{"class":333},[53,73262,81],{"class":67},[53,73264,339],{"class":333},[53,73266,81],{"class":67},[53,73268,344],{"class":333},[53,73270,81],{"class":67},[53,73272,50386],{"class":333},[53,73274,101],{"class":67},[53,73276,73277,73279,73281,73283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73278,3209],{"class":59},[53,73280,37],{"class":67},[53,73282,72960],{"class":117},[53,73284,8192],{"class":67},[53,73286,73287,73289,73291,73293],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73288,137],{"class":136},[53,73290,121],{"class":67},[53,73292,3209],{"class":117},[53,73294,130],{"class":67},[20,73296,388],{},[44,73298,73300],{"className":46,"code":73299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73301,73302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73303,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73305,1226],{"class":67},[53,73307,56228],{"class":333},[53,73309,81],{"class":67},[53,73311,344],{"class":333},[53,73313,81],{"class":67},[53,73315,339],{"class":333},[53,73317,81],{"class":67},[53,73319,5556],{"class":333},[53,73321,101],{"class":67},[20,73323,11234],{},[173,73325,73326,73332,73337],{},[176,73327,73328,73329],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73330,73331],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[176,73333,73334,73336],{},[15,73335,72904],{}," flips the order",[176,73338,73339],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[39,73341,73343,73345],{"id":73342},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73344,72904],{}," changes the original list",[20,73347,73348,73349,73352],{},"This method is ",[30,73350,73351],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[44,73354,73356],{"className":46,"code":73355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73357,73358,73390,73400,73404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73359,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73361,420],{"class":59},[53,73363,64],{"class":63},[53,73365,68],{"class":67},[53,73367,72],{"class":71},[53,73369,76],{"class":75},[53,73371,72],{"class":71},[53,73373,81],{"class":67},[53,73375,84],{"class":71},[53,73377,87],{"class":75},[53,73379,72],{"class":71},[53,73381,81],{"class":67},[53,73383,84],{"class":71},[53,73385,96],{"class":75},[53,73387,72],{"class":71},[53,73389,101],{"class":67},[53,73391,73392,73394,73396,73398],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73393,35833],{"class":59},[53,73395,37],{"class":67},[53,73397,72960],{"class":117},[53,73399,8192],{"class":67},[53,73401,73402],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73403,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,73405,73406,73408,73410,73412],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,73407,137],{"class":136},[53,73409,121],{"class":67},[53,73411,35833],{"class":117},[53,73413,130],{"class":67},[20,73415,388],{},[44,73417,73419],{"className":46,"code":73418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73420,73421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73422,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73424,1226],{"class":67},[53,73426,2862],{"class":71},[53,73428,96],{"class":75},[53,73430,2862],{"class":71},[53,73432,81],{"class":67},[53,73434,2857],{"class":71},[53,73436,87],{"class":75},[53,73438,2862],{"class":71},[53,73440,81],{"class":67},[53,73442,2857],{"class":71},[53,73444,76],{"class":75},[53,73446,2862],{"class":71},[53,73448,101],{"class":67},[20,73450,152,73451,73453],{},[15,73452,72904],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73455,73456],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[44,73458,73460],{"className":46,"code":73459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73461,73462,73494,73512,73516,73526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73463,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73465,420],{"class":59},[53,73467,64],{"class":63},[53,73469,68],{"class":67},[53,73471,72],{"class":71},[53,73473,76],{"class":75},[53,73475,72],{"class":71},[53,73477,81],{"class":67},[53,73479,84],{"class":71},[53,73481,87],{"class":75},[53,73483,72],{"class":71},[53,73485,81],{"class":67},[53,73487,84],{"class":71},[53,73489,96],{"class":75},[53,73491,72],{"class":71},[53,73493,101],{"class":67},[53,73495,73496,73499,73501,73503,73506,73508,73510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73497,73498],{"class":59},"reversed_fruits ",[53,73500,64],{"class":63},[53,73502,457],{"class":59},[53,73504,73505],{"class":67},"[::",[53,73507,1585],{"class":63},[53,73509,517],{"class":333},[53,73511,101],{"class":67},[53,73513,73514],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73515,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,73517,73518,73520,73522,73524],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,73519,137],{"class":136},[53,73521,121],{"class":67},[53,73523,35833],{"class":117},[53,73525,130],{"class":67},[53,73527,73528,73530,73532,73535],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,73529,137],{"class":136},[53,73531,121],{"class":67},[53,73533,73534],{"class":117},"reversed_fruits",[53,73536,130],{"class":67},[20,73538,388],{},[44,73540,73542],{"className":46,"code":73541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73543,73544,73572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73545,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73547,1226],{"class":67},[53,73549,2862],{"class":71},[53,73551,76],{"class":75},[53,73553,2862],{"class":71},[53,73555,81],{"class":67},[53,73557,2857],{"class":71},[53,73559,87],{"class":75},[53,73561,2862],{"class":71},[53,73563,81],{"class":67},[53,73565,2857],{"class":71},[53,73567,96],{"class":75},[53,73569,2862],{"class":71},[53,73571,101],{"class":67},[53,73573,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73575,1226],{"class":67},[53,73577,2862],{"class":71},[53,73579,96],{"class":75},[53,73581,2862],{"class":71},[53,73583,81],{"class":67},[53,73585,2857],{"class":71},[53,73587,87],{"class":75},[53,73589,2862],{"class":71},[53,73591,81],{"class":67},[53,73593,2857],{"class":71},[53,73595,76],{"class":75},[53,73597,2862],{"class":71},[53,73599,101],{"class":67},[20,73601,73602,73603,37],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[195,73604,73605],{"href":72922},"Python list slicing explained",[39,73607,73609],{"id":73608},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73611,73612],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[44,73614,73616],{"className":46,"code":73615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73617,73618,73638,73652,73656,73667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73619,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628,73630,73632,73634,73636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73621,326],{"class":59},[53,73623,64],{"class":63},[53,73625,68],{"class":67},[53,73627,517],{"class":333},[53,73629,81],{"class":67},[53,73631,790],{"class":333},[53,73633,81],{"class":67},[53,73635,1269],{"class":333},[53,73637,101],{"class":67},[53,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73641,55425],{"class":59},[53,73643,64],{"class":63},[53,73645,356],{"class":59},[53,73647,37],{"class":67},[53,73649,72960],{"class":117},[53,73651,8192],{"class":67},[53,73653,73654],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73655,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,73657,73658,73660,73662,73665],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,73659,137],{"class":136},[53,73661,121],{"class":67},[53,73663,73664],{"class":117},"new_list",[53,73666,130],{"class":67},[53,73668,73669,73671,73673,73675],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,73670,137],{"class":136},[53,73672,121],{"class":67},[53,73674,3209],{"class":117},[53,73676,130],{"class":67},[20,73678,388],{},[44,73680,73682],{"className":46,"code":73681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73683,73684,73688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73685,73686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73687,11359],{"class":3413},[53,73689,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73691,1226],{"class":67},[53,73693,882],{"class":333},[53,73695,81],{"class":67},[53,73697,790],{"class":333},[53,73699,81],{"class":67},[53,73701,821],{"class":333},[53,73703,101],{"class":67},[20,73705,11451],{},[173,73707,73708,73716,73720],{},[176,73709,73710,73712,73713,73715],{},[15,73711,72904],{}," changes ",[15,73714,3209],{}," directly",[176,73717,40447,73718,71222],{},[30,73719,1112],{},[176,73721,528,73722,41697,73724],{},[15,73723,73664],{},[15,73725,3338],{},[20,73727,61430],{},[44,73729,73731],{"className":46,"code":73730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73732,73733,73753,73763,73767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73734,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73736,326],{"class":59},[53,73738,64],{"class":63},[53,73740,68],{"class":67},[53,73742,517],{"class":333},[53,73744,81],{"class":67},[53,73746,790],{"class":333},[53,73748,81],{"class":67},[53,73750,1269],{"class":333},[53,73752,101],{"class":67},[53,73754,73755,73757,73759,73761],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73756,3209],{"class":59},[53,73758,37],{"class":67},[53,73760,72960],{"class":117},[53,73762,8192],{"class":67},[53,73764,73765],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73766,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,73768,73769,73771,73773,73775],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,73770,137],{"class":136},[53,73772,121],{"class":67},[53,73774,3209],{"class":117},[53,73776,130],{"class":67},[20,73778,388],{},[44,73780,73782],{"className":46,"code":73781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73783,73784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73785,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73787,1226],{"class":67},[53,73789,882],{"class":333},[53,73791,81],{"class":67},[53,73793,790],{"class":333},[53,73795,81],{"class":67},[53,73797,821],{"class":333},[53,73799,101],{"class":67},[39,73801,73803,10136,73805,73808],{"id":73802},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73804,72904],{},[15,73806,73807],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73810,73811],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1418,73813,73814],{"id":72960},[15,73815,72904],{},[20,73817,73818,73820],{},[15,73819,72904],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[44,73822,73824],{"className":46,"code":73823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73825,73826,73846,73856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73827,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73829,326],{"class":59},[53,73831,64],{"class":63},[53,73833,68],{"class":67},[53,73835,882],{"class":333},[53,73837,81],{"class":67},[53,73839,821],{"class":333},[53,73841,81],{"class":67},[53,73843,790],{"class":333},[53,73845,101],{"class":67},[53,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73849,3209],{"class":59},[53,73851,37],{"class":67},[53,73853,72960],{"class":117},[53,73855,8192],{"class":67},[53,73857,73858,73860,73862,73864],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73859,137],{"class":136},[53,73861,121],{"class":67},[53,73863,3209],{"class":117},[53,73865,130],{"class":67},[20,73867,388],{},[44,73869,73871],{"className":46,"code":73870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73872,73873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73876,1226],{"class":67},[53,73878,525],{"class":333},[53,73880,81],{"class":67},[53,73882,821],{"class":333},[53,73884,81],{"class":67},[53,73886,1269],{"class":333},[53,73888,101],{"class":67},[20,73890,73891,73892,73894],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,73893,1112],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1418,73896,73898],{"id":73897},"sorted",[15,73899,73807],{},[20,73901,73902,73907],{},[195,73903,73905],{"href":73904},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73906,73807],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[44,73909,73911],{"className":46,"code":73910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73912,73913,73933,73948,73952,73962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73914,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73916,326],{"class":59},[53,73918,64],{"class":63},[53,73920,68],{"class":67},[53,73922,882],{"class":333},[53,73924,81],{"class":67},[53,73926,821],{"class":333},[53,73928,81],{"class":67},[53,73930,790],{"class":333},[53,73932,101],{"class":67},[53,73934,73935,73937,73939,73942,73944,73946],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73936,351],{"class":59},[53,73938,64],{"class":63},[53,73940,73941],{"class":136}," sorted",[53,73943,121],{"class":67},[53,73945,3209],{"class":117},[53,73947,130],{"class":67},[53,73949,73950],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,73951,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,73953,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,73955,137],{"class":136},[53,73957,121],{"class":67},[53,73959,3209],{"class":117},[53,73961,130],{"class":67},[53,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,73965,137],{"class":136},[53,73967,121],{"class":67},[53,73969,383],{"class":117},[53,73971,130],{"class":67},[20,73973,388],{},[44,73975,73977],{"className":46,"code":73976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73978,73979,73995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73980,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73982,1226],{"class":67},[53,73984,882],{"class":333},[53,73986,81],{"class":67},[53,73988,821],{"class":333},[53,73990,81],{"class":67},[53,73992,790],{"class":333},[53,73994,101],{"class":67},[53,73996,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73998,1226],{"class":67},[53,74000,517],{"class":333},[53,74002,81],{"class":67},[53,74004,790],{"class":333},[53,74006,81],{"class":67},[53,74008,1269],{"class":333},[53,74010,101],{"class":67},[20,74012,74013,74014,37],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74015,74016],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1418,74018,74020],{"id":74019},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74022,74023,74024,74027],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74025,74026],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[44,74029,74031],{"className":46,"code":74030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74032,74033,74053,74069,74073,74083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74034,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74036,326],{"class":59},[53,74038,64],{"class":63},[53,74040,68],{"class":67},[53,74042,882],{"class":333},[53,74044,81],{"class":67},[53,74046,821],{"class":333},[53,74048,81],{"class":67},[53,74050,790],{"class":333},[53,74052,101],{"class":67},[53,74054,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74056,351],{"class":59},[53,74058,64],{"class":63},[53,74060,356],{"class":59},[53,74062,73505],{"class":67},[53,74064,1585],{"class":63},[53,74066,517],{"class":333},[53,74068,101],{"class":67},[53,74070,74071],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74072,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74074,74075,74077,74079,74081],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74076,137],{"class":136},[53,74078,121],{"class":67},[53,74080,3209],{"class":117},[53,74082,130],{"class":67},[53,74084,74085,74087,74089,74091],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,74086,137],{"class":136},[53,74088,121],{"class":67},[53,74090,383],{"class":117},[53,74092,130],{"class":67},[20,74094,388],{},[44,74096,74098],{"className":46,"code":74097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74099,74100,74116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74101,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74103,1226],{"class":67},[53,74105,882],{"class":333},[53,74107,81],{"class":67},[53,74109,821],{"class":333},[53,74111,81],{"class":67},[53,74113,790],{"class":333},[53,74115,101],{"class":67},[53,74117,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74119,1226],{"class":67},[53,74121,525],{"class":333},[53,74123,81],{"class":67},[53,74125,821],{"class":333},[53,74127,81],{"class":67},[53,74129,1269],{"class":333},[53,74131,101],{"class":67},[1418,74133,74135],{"id":74134},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[173,74137,74138,74143,74148],{},[176,74139,152,74140,74142],{},[15,74141,72904],{}," when you want to change the original list",[176,74144,152,74145,74147],{},[15,74146,74026],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[176,74149,152,74150,74152],{},[15,74151,73807],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74154,74155,74156,74162],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[195,74157,74159,74160,660],{"href":74158},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74161,63844],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[39,74164,1391,74166],{"id":74165},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74167,72904],{},[20,74169,74170,74172],{},[15,74171,72904],{}," is a good choice:",[173,74174,74175,74178,74181],{},[176,74176,74177],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[176,74179,74180],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[176,74182,74183],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74185,74186,74187,37],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[195,74188,74190],{"href":74189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[39,74192,2389],{"id":2388},[20,74194,74195,74196,74198],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74197,72904],{}," for these reasons:",[173,74200,74201,74205,74210,74215],{},[176,74202,12146,74203,12149],{},[15,74204,72904],{},[176,74206,8001,74207,74209],{},[15,74208,72904],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[176,74211,664,74212,74214],{},[15,74213,72904],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[176,74216,36747,74217,8254,74219],{},[15,74218,72904],{},[15,74220,74221],{},"reversed()",[20,74223,74224],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[44,74226,74228],{"className":46,"code":74227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74229,74230,74242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74233,34233],{"class":59},[53,74235,64],{"class":63},[53,74237,84],{"class":71},[53,74239,3406],{"class":75},[53,74241,1032],{"class":71},[53,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74245,34254],{"class":59},[53,74247,37],{"class":67},[53,74249,72960],{"class":117},[53,74251,8192],{"class":67},[20,74253,74254,74255,33145],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74256,72904],{},[20,74258,74259],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[44,74261,74263],{"className":46,"code":74262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74264,74265,74285,74289,74299,74313,74317,74331,74341,74345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74268,7858],{"class":59},[53,74270,64],{"class":63},[53,74272,68],{"class":67},[53,74274,517],{"class":333},[53,74276,81],{"class":67},[53,74278,790],{"class":333},[53,74280,81],{"class":67},[53,74282,1269],{"class":333},[53,74284,101],{"class":67},[53,74286,74287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74288,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74292,137],{"class":136},[53,74294,121],{"class":67},[53,74296,215],{"class":117},[53,74298,130],{"class":67},[53,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74302,137],{"class":136},[53,74304,121],{"class":67},[53,74306,1321],{"class":1320},[53,74308,121],{"class":67},[53,74310,215],{"class":117},[53,74312,628],{"class":67},[53,74314,74315],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,74316,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,74320,351],{"class":59},[53,74322,64],{"class":63},[53,74324,1340],{"class":59},[53,74326,37],{"class":67},[53,74328,72960],{"class":117},[53,74330,8192],{"class":67},[53,74332,74333,74335,74337,74339],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,74334,137],{"class":136},[53,74336,121],{"class":67},[53,74338,383],{"class":117},[53,74340,130],{"class":67},[53,74342,74343],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,74344,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74346,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,74348,137],{"class":136},[53,74350,121],{"class":67},[53,74352,215],{"class":117},[53,74354,73505],{"class":67},[53,74356,1585],{"class":63},[53,74358,517],{"class":333},[53,74360,3449],{"class":67},[20,74362,388],{},[44,74364,74366],{"className":46,"code":74365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74367,74368,74384,74398,74402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74369,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74371,1226],{"class":67},[53,74373,517],{"class":333},[53,74375,81],{"class":67},[53,74377,790],{"class":333},[53,74379,81],{"class":67},[53,74381,1269],{"class":333},[53,74383,101],{"class":67},[53,74385,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74387,2851],{"class":63},[53,74389,2854],{"class":1627},[53,74391,2857],{"class":71},[53,74393,7643],{"class":75},[53,74395,2862],{"class":71},[53,74397,2865],{"class":63},[53,74399,74400],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74401,11359],{"class":3413},[53,74403,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74405,1226],{"class":67},[53,74407,517],{"class":333},[53,74409,81],{"class":67},[53,74411,790],{"class":333},[53,74413,81],{"class":67},[53,74415,821],{"class":333},[53,74417,101],{"class":67},[20,74419,74420],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[44,74422,74424],{"className":46,"code":74423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74425,74426,74446,74450,74460,74474,74478,74492,74502,74512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74427,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442,74444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74429,7858],{"class":59},[53,74431,64],{"class":63},[53,74433,68],{"class":67},[53,74435,517],{"class":333},[53,74437,81],{"class":67},[53,74439,790],{"class":333},[53,74441,81],{"class":67},[53,74443,1269],{"class":333},[53,74445,101],{"class":67},[53,74447,74448],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74449,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74451,74452,74454,74456,74458],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74453,137],{"class":136},[53,74455,121],{"class":67},[53,74457,215],{"class":117},[53,74459,130],{"class":67},[53,74461,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74463,137],{"class":136},[53,74465,121],{"class":67},[53,74467,1321],{"class":1320},[53,74469,121],{"class":67},[53,74471,215],{"class":117},[53,74473,628],{"class":67},[53,74475,74476],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,74477,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74479,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488,74490],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,74481,351],{"class":59},[53,74483,64],{"class":63},[53,74485,1340],{"class":59},[53,74487,37],{"class":67},[53,74489,72960],{"class":117},[53,74491,8192],{"class":67},[53,74493,74494,74496,74498,74500],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,74495,137],{"class":136},[53,74497,121],{"class":67},[53,74499,383],{"class":117},[53,74501,130],{"class":67},[53,74503,74504,74506,74508,74510],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,74505,137],{"class":136},[53,74507,121],{"class":67},[53,74509,215],{"class":117},[53,74511,130],{"class":67},[53,74513,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,74515,137],{"class":136},[53,74517,121],{"class":67},[53,74519,215],{"class":117},[53,74521,73505],{"class":67},[53,74523,1585],{"class":63},[53,74525,517],{"class":333},[53,74527,3449],{"class":67},[20,74529,388],{},[44,74531,74533],{"className":46,"code":74532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74534,74535,74551,74565,74569,74585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74536,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74538,1226],{"class":67},[53,74540,517],{"class":333},[53,74542,81],{"class":67},[53,74544,790],{"class":333},[53,74546,81],{"class":67},[53,74548,1269],{"class":333},[53,74550,101],{"class":67},[53,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74554,2851],{"class":63},[53,74556,2854],{"class":1627},[53,74558,2857],{"class":71},[53,74560,7643],{"class":75},[53,74562,2862],{"class":71},[53,74564,2865],{"class":63},[53,74566,74567],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74568,11359],{"class":3413},[53,74570,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74572,1226],{"class":67},[53,74574,882],{"class":333},[53,74576,81],{"class":67},[53,74578,790],{"class":333},[53,74580,81],{"class":67},[53,74582,821],{"class":333},[53,74584,101],{"class":67},[53,74586,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,74588,1226],{"class":67},[53,74590,517],{"class":333},[53,74592,81],{"class":67},[53,74594,790],{"class":333},[53,74596,81],{"class":67},[53,74598,1269],{"class":333},[53,74600,101],{"class":67},[20,74602,74603],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[173,74605,74606,74615,74624],{},[176,74607,27339,74608,74611,74612],{},[15,74609,74610],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74613,74614],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[176,74616,11467,74617,74620,74621,22105],{},[15,74618,74619],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74622,74623],{},"current",[176,74625,74626,74627],{},"So it prints ",[15,74628,74629],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[39,74631,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,74633,1431,74635,55005],{"id":74634},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74636,72909],{},[20,74638,62135,74639,37],{},[15,74640,3338],{},[1418,74642,33750,74644,33753,74646,1459],{"id":74643},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74645,72904],{},[15,74647,74648],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74650,74651,74653],{},[15,74652,72904],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74655,74656,74658],{},[15,74657,74648],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1418,74660,27872,74662,74664],{"id":74661},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74663,72904],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74666,45909,74667,74669],{},[15,74668,72904],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1418,74671,74673],{"id":74672},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74675,74676],{},"Use slicing:",[44,74678,74680],{"className":46,"code":74679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74681,74682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74685,215],{"class":59},[53,74687,73505],{"class":67},[53,74689,1585],{"class":63},[53,74691,517],{"class":333},[53,74693,101],{"class":67},[20,74695,74696],{},"Or use:",[44,74698,74700],{"className":46,"code":74699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74701,74702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74703,74704,74706,74708,74711,74713,74715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74705,7643],{"class":1320},[53,74707,121],{"class":67},[53,74709,74710],{"class":136},"reversed",[53,74712,121],{"class":67},[53,74714,215],{"class":117},[53,74716,628],{"class":67},[20,74718,74719,74720,74724],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[195,74721,656,74722],{"href":54496},[15,74723,12328],{}," can also help.",[39,74726,1471],{"id":1470},[173,74728,74729,74735,74741,74745,74749],{},[176,74730,74731],{},[195,74732,656,74733,660],{"href":74158},[15,74734,63844],{},[176,74736,74737],{},[195,74738,3138,74739,3071],{"href":73904},[15,74740,73807],{},[176,74742,74743],{},[195,74744,74190],{"href":74189},[176,74746,74747],{},[195,74748,73605],{"href":72922},[176,74750,74751],{},[195,74752,656,74753,660],{"href":54496},[15,74754,12328],{},[1494,74756,74757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":74759},[74760,74761,74763,74764,74765,74767,74768,74775,74777,74778,74787],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":72983,"depth":104,"text":74762},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":73342,"depth":104,"text":74766},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73608,"depth":104,"text":73609},{"id":73802,"depth":104,"text":74769,"children":74770},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74771,74772,74773,74774],{"id":72960,"depth":133,"text":72904},{"id":73897,"depth":133,"text":73807},{"id":74019,"depth":133,"text":74020},{"id":74134,"depth":133,"text":74135},{"id":74165,"depth":104,"text":74776},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":74779},[74780,74782,74784,74786],{"id":74634,"depth":133,"text":74781},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74643,"depth":133,"text":74783},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74661,"depth":133,"text":74785},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74672,"depth":133,"text":74673},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72896,"description":74788},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74795,"title":74796,"body":74797,"description":77230,"extension":1524,"meta":77231,"navigation":372,"path":77232,"seo":77233,"stem":77234,"__hash__":77235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74798,"toc":77198},[74799,74802,74814,74817,74840,74848,74850,74962,74971,74975,74978,74981,75068,75070,75103,75105,75128,75134,75138,75141,75163,75165,75182,75185,75205,75207,75317,75319,75396,75400,75403,75446,75448,75581,75583,75685,75690,75694,75697,75699,75713,75716,75830,75832,75906,75908,75936,75940,75945,75975,75978,76104,76106,76188,76194,76198,76200,76239,76248,76252,76255,76259,76306,76308,76316,76320,76371,76373,76386,76388,76402,76405,76413,76415,76462,76464,76472,76475,76518,76523,76526,76529,76552,76556,76607,76610,76631,76641,76645,76647,76677,76680,76703,76707,76710,76777,76779,76816,76819,76827,76894,76896,76933,76939,76946,76950,76953,76983,76988,76992,76995,77019,77022,77116,77126,77128,77132,77135,77139,77142,77147,77150,77156,77159,77161,77189,77195],[10,74800,74796],{"id":74801},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74803,74804,74805,891,74807,894,74810,74813],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74806,273],{},[15,74808,74809],{},"stop",[15,74811,74812],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74815,74816],{},"The basic slice form is:",[44,74818,74820],{"className":46,"code":74819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74821,74822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74823,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74825,215],{"class":59},[53,74827,1226],{"class":67},[53,74829,273],{"class":59},[53,74831,171],{"class":67},[53,74833,74809],{"class":59},[53,74835,171],{"class":67},[53,74837,74812],{"class":59},[53,74839,101],{"class":67},[20,74841,74842,74843,74845,74846,37],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74844,74809],{}," position is ",[30,74847,288],{},[39,74849,1566],{"id":1565},[44,74851,74853],{"className":46,"code":74852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74854,74855,74883,74887,74908,74926,74943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74858,326],{"class":59},[53,74860,64],{"class":63},[53,74862,68],{"class":67},[53,74864,334],{"class":333},[53,74866,81],{"class":67},[53,74868,339],{"class":333},[53,74870,81],{"class":67},[53,74872,344],{"class":333},[53,74874,81],{"class":67},[53,74876,50386],{"class":333},[53,74878,81],{"class":67},[53,74880,4635],{"class":333},[53,74882,101],{"class":67},[53,74884,74885],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74886,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,74890,137],{"class":136},[53,74892,121],{"class":67},[53,74894,3209],{"class":117},[53,74896,1226],{"class":67},[53,74898,517],{"class":333},[53,74900,171],{"class":67},[53,74902,2062],{"class":333},[53,74904,19993],{"class":67},[53,74906,74907],{"class":148},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[53,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916,74919,74921,74923],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,74911,137],{"class":136},[53,74913,121],{"class":67},[53,74915,3209],{"class":117},[53,74917,74918],{"class":67},"[:",[53,74920,882],{"class":333},[53,74922,19993],{"class":67},[53,74924,74925],{"class":148},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[53,74927,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,74929,137],{"class":136},[53,74931,121],{"class":67},[53,74933,3209],{"class":117},[53,74935,73505],{"class":67},[53,74937,525],{"class":333},[53,74939,19993],{"class":67},[53,74941,74942],{"class":148},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[53,74944,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955,74957,74959],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,74946,137],{"class":136},[53,74948,121],{"class":67},[53,74950,3209],{"class":117},[53,74952,73505],{"class":67},[53,74954,1585],{"class":63},[53,74956,517],{"class":333},[53,74958,19993],{"class":67},[53,74960,74961],{"class":148},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74963,152,74964,74967,74968,74970],{},[15,74965,74966],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74969,74809],{}," value is not included.",[39,74972,74974],{"id":74973},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74976,74977],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74979,74980],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[44,74982,74984],{"className":46,"code":74983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74985,74986,75034,75038,75057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74987,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74989,687],{"class":59},[53,74991,64],{"class":63},[53,74993,68],{"class":67},[53,74995,72],{"class":71},[53,74997,195],{"class":75},[53,74999,72],{"class":71},[53,75001,81],{"class":67},[53,75003,84],{"class":71},[53,75005,704],{"class":75},[53,75007,72],{"class":71},[53,75009,81],{"class":67},[53,75011,84],{"class":71},[53,75013,713],{"class":75},[53,75015,72],{"class":71},[53,75017,81],{"class":67},[53,75019,84],{"class":71},[53,75021,730],{"class":75},[53,75023,72],{"class":71},[53,75025,81],{"class":67},[53,75027,84],{"class":71},[53,75029,59979],{"class":75},[53,75031,72],{"class":71},[53,75033,101],{"class":67},[53,75035,75036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75037,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,75039,75040,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75041,75042],{"class":59},"part ",[53,75044,64],{"class":63},[53,75046,69479],{"class":59},[53,75048,1226],{"class":67},[53,75050,517],{"class":333},[53,75052,171],{"class":67},[53,75054,2062],{"class":333},[53,75056,101],{"class":67},[53,75058,75059,75061,75063,75066],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75060,137],{"class":136},[53,75062,121],{"class":67},[53,75064,75065],{"class":117},"part",[53,75067,130],{"class":67},[20,75069,388],{},[44,75071,75073],{"className":46,"code":75072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75074,75075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75076,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099,75101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75078,1226],{"class":67},[53,75080,2862],{"class":71},[53,75082,704],{"class":75},[53,75084,2862],{"class":71},[53,75086,81],{"class":67},[53,75088,2857],{"class":71},[53,75090,713],{"class":75},[53,75092,2862],{"class":71},[53,75094,81],{"class":67},[53,75096,2857],{"class":71},[53,75098,730],{"class":75},[53,75100,2862],{"class":71},[53,75102,101],{"class":67},[20,75104,12604],{},[173,75106,75107,75110,75113,75119,75125],{},[176,75108,75109],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[176,75111,75112],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[176,75114,75115,75116],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75117,75118],{},"list[start:stop]",[176,75120,75121,75122,75124],{},"The item at ",[15,75123,74809],{}," is not included",[176,75126,75127],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75129,75130,75131,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[195,75132,75133],{"href":50522},"beginner guide to Python lists",[39,75135,75137],{"id":75136},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75139,75140],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[44,75142,75143],{"className":46,"code":74819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,75144,75145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75146,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75148,215],{"class":59},[53,75150,1226],{"class":67},[53,75152,273],{"class":59},[53,75154,171],{"class":67},[53,75156,74809],{"class":59},[53,75158,171],{"class":67},[53,75160,74812],{"class":59},[53,75162,101],{"class":67},[20,75164,261],{},[173,75166,75167,75172,75177],{},[176,75168,75169,75171],{},[15,75170,273],{}," is where slicing begins",[176,75173,75174,75176],{},[15,75175,74809],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[176,75178,75179,75181],{},[15,75180,74812],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75183,75184],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[173,75186,75187,75193,75198],{},[176,75188,75189,75190,75192],{},"Missing ",[15,75191,273],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[176,75194,75189,75195,75197],{},[15,75196,74809],{}," means go to the end of the list",[176,75199,75189,75200,75202,75203],{},[15,75201,74812],{}," means use ",[15,75204,517],{},[20,75206,316],{},[44,75208,75210],{"className":46,"code":75209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75211,75212,75240,75244,75265,75282,75300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75213,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75215,326],{"class":59},[53,75217,64],{"class":63},[53,75219,68],{"class":67},[53,75221,334],{"class":333},[53,75223,81],{"class":67},[53,75225,339],{"class":333},[53,75227,81],{"class":67},[53,75229,344],{"class":333},[53,75231,81],{"class":67},[53,75233,50386],{"class":333},[53,75235,81],{"class":67},[53,75237,4635],{"class":333},[53,75239,101],{"class":67},[53,75241,75242],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75243,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,75245,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75247,137],{"class":136},[53,75249,121],{"class":67},[53,75251,3209],{"class":117},[53,75253,1226],{"class":67},[53,75255,517],{"class":333},[53,75257,171],{"class":67},[53,75259,2062],{"class":333},[53,75261,19993],{"class":67},[53,75263,75264],{"class":148},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[53,75266,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75268,137],{"class":136},[53,75270,121],{"class":67},[53,75272,3209],{"class":117},[53,75274,74918],{"class":67},[53,75276,882],{"class":333},[53,75278,19993],{"class":67},[53,75280,75281],{"class":148},"    # start from the beginning\n",[53,75283,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75297],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,75285,137],{"class":136},[53,75287,121],{"class":67},[53,75289,3209],{"class":117},[53,75291,1226],{"class":67},[53,75293,525],{"class":333},[53,75295,75296],{"class":67},":])",[53,75298,75299],{"class":148},"    # go to the end\n",[53,75301,75302,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,75303,137],{"class":136},[53,75305,121],{"class":67},[53,75307,3209],{"class":117},[53,75309,73505],{"class":67},[53,75311,517],{"class":333},[53,75313,19993],{"class":67},[53,75315,75316],{"class":148},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75318,388],{},[44,75320,75322],{"className":46,"code":75321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75323,75324,75340,75356,75372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75327,1226],{"class":67},[53,75329,365],{"class":333},[53,75331,81],{"class":67},[53,75333,344],{"class":333},[53,75335,81],{"class":67},[53,75337,50386],{"class":333},[53,75339,101],{"class":67},[53,75341,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75343,1226],{"class":67},[53,75345,334],{"class":333},[53,75347,81],{"class":67},[53,75349,339],{"class":333},[53,75351,81],{"class":67},[53,75353,344],{"class":333},[53,75355,101],{"class":67},[53,75357,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75359,1226],{"class":67},[53,75361,36384],{"class":333},[53,75363,81],{"class":67},[53,75365,50386],{"class":333},[53,75367,81],{"class":67},[53,75369,4635],{"class":333},[53,75371,101],{"class":67},[53,75373,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75375,1226],{"class":67},[53,75377,334],{"class":333},[53,75379,81],{"class":67},[53,75381,339],{"class":333},[53,75383,81],{"class":67},[53,75385,344],{"class":333},[53,75387,81],{"class":67},[53,75389,50386],{"class":333},[53,75391,81],{"class":67},[53,75393,4635],{"class":333},[53,75395,101],{"class":67},[39,75397,75399],{"id":75398},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75401,75402],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[173,75404,75405,75414,75423,75434,75440],{},[176,75406,75407,75410,75411,112],{},[15,75408,75409],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75412,75413],{},"n",[176,75415,75416,75419,75420,75422],{},[15,75417,75418],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75421,75413],{}," to the end",[176,75424,75425,75428,75429,75431,75432],{},[15,75426,75427],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75430,195],{}," up to ",[15,75433,704],{},[176,75435,75436,75439],{},[15,75437,75438],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[176,75441,75442,75445],{},[15,75443,75444],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75447,316],{},[44,75449,75451],{"className":46,"code":75450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75452,75453,75486,75490,75507,75524,75545,75562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75454,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75456,326],{"class":59},[53,75458,64],{"class":63},[53,75460,68],{"class":67},[53,75462,334],{"class":333},[53,75464,81],{"class":67},[53,75466,339],{"class":333},[53,75468,81],{"class":67},[53,75470,344],{"class":333},[53,75472,81],{"class":67},[53,75474,50386],{"class":333},[53,75476,81],{"class":67},[53,75478,4635],{"class":333},[53,75480,81],{"class":67},[53,75482,75483],{"class":333}," 60",[53,75485,101],{"class":67},[53,75487,75488],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75489,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,75491,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75493,137],{"class":136},[53,75495,121],{"class":67},[53,75497,3209],{"class":117},[53,75499,74918],{"class":67},[53,75501,882],{"class":333},[53,75503,19993],{"class":67},[53,75505,75506],{"class":148},"    # first 3 items\n",[53,75508,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75510,137],{"class":136},[53,75512,121],{"class":67},[53,75514,3209],{"class":117},[53,75516,1226],{"class":67},[53,75518,882],{"class":333},[53,75520,75296],{"class":67},[53,75522,75523],{"class":148},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[53,75525,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,75527,137],{"class":136},[53,75529,121],{"class":67},[53,75531,3209],{"class":117},[53,75533,1226],{"class":67},[53,75535,517],{"class":333},[53,75537,171],{"class":67},[53,75539,1698],{"class":333},[53,75541,19993],{"class":67},[53,75543,75544],{"class":148},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[53,75546,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,75548,137],{"class":136},[53,75550,121],{"class":67},[53,75552,3209],{"class":117},[53,75554,73505],{"class":67},[53,75556,525],{"class":333},[53,75558,19993],{"class":67},[53,75560,75561],{"class":148},"   # every second item\n",[53,75563,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,75565,137],{"class":136},[53,75567,121],{"class":67},[53,75569,3209],{"class":117},[53,75571,73505],{"class":67},[53,75573,1585],{"class":63},[53,75575,517],{"class":333},[53,75577,19993],{"class":67},[53,75579,75580],{"class":148},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75582,388],{},[44,75584,75586],{"className":46,"code":75585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75587,75588,75604,75620,75640,75656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75589,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75591,1226],{"class":67},[53,75593,334],{"class":333},[53,75595,81],{"class":67},[53,75597,339],{"class":333},[53,75599,81],{"class":67},[53,75601,344],{"class":333},[53,75603,101],{"class":67},[53,75605,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75607,1226],{"class":67},[53,75609,56228],{"class":333},[53,75611,81],{"class":67},[53,75613,4635],{"class":333},[53,75615,81],{"class":67},[53,75617,75483],{"class":333},[53,75619,101],{"class":67},[53,75621,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75623,1226],{"class":67},[53,75625,365],{"class":333},[53,75627,81],{"class":67},[53,75629,344],{"class":333},[53,75631,81],{"class":67},[53,75633,50386],{"class":333},[53,75635,81],{"class":67},[53,75637,4635],{"class":333},[53,75639,101],{"class":67},[53,75641,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75643,1226],{"class":67},[53,75645,334],{"class":333},[53,75647,81],{"class":67},[53,75649,344],{"class":333},[53,75651,81],{"class":67},[53,75653,4635],{"class":333},[53,75655,101],{"class":67},[53,75657,75658,75660,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,75659,1226],{"class":67},[53,75661,75662],{"class":333},"60",[53,75664,81],{"class":67},[53,75666,4635],{"class":333},[53,75668,81],{"class":67},[53,75670,50386],{"class":333},[53,75672,81],{"class":67},[53,75674,344],{"class":333},[53,75676,81],{"class":67},[53,75678,339],{"class":333},[53,75680,81],{"class":67},[53,75682,5556],{"class":333},[53,75684,101],{"class":67},[20,75686,75687,75688,37],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[195,75689,14439],{"href":56755},[39,75691,75693],{"id":75692},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75695,75696],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75698,5024],{},[173,75700,75701,75707],{},[176,75702,75703,75706],{},[15,75704,75705],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[176,75708,75709,75712],{},[15,75710,75711],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75714,75715],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[44,75717,75719],{"className":46,"code":75718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75720,75721,75769,75773,75792,75811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75722,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75724,687],{"class":59},[53,75726,64],{"class":63},[53,75728,68],{"class":67},[53,75730,72],{"class":71},[53,75732,195],{"class":75},[53,75734,72],{"class":71},[53,75736,81],{"class":67},[53,75738,84],{"class":71},[53,75740,704],{"class":75},[53,75742,72],{"class":71},[53,75744,81],{"class":67},[53,75746,84],{"class":71},[53,75748,713],{"class":75},[53,75750,72],{"class":71},[53,75752,81],{"class":67},[53,75754,84],{"class":71},[53,75756,730],{"class":75},[53,75758,72],{"class":71},[53,75760,81],{"class":67},[53,75762,84],{"class":71},[53,75764,59979],{"class":75},[53,75766,72],{"class":71},[53,75768,101],{"class":67},[53,75770,75771],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75772,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,75774,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75776,137],{"class":136},[53,75778,121],{"class":67},[53,75780,747],{"class":117},[53,75782,1226],{"class":67},[53,75784,1585],{"class":63},[53,75786,517],{"class":333},[53,75788,19993],{"class":67},[53,75790,75791],{"class":148},"    # last item\n",[53,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,75795,137],{"class":136},[53,75797,121],{"class":67},[53,75799,747],{"class":117},[53,75801,1226],{"class":67},[53,75803,1585],{"class":63},[53,75805,882],{"class":333},[53,75807,75296],{"class":67},[53,75809,75810],{"class":148},"   # last 3 items\n",[53,75812,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,75814,137],{"class":136},[53,75816,121],{"class":67},[53,75818,747],{"class":117},[53,75820,74918],{"class":67},[53,75822,1585],{"class":63},[53,75824,517],{"class":333},[53,75826,19993],{"class":67},[53,75828,75829],{"class":148},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75831,388],{},[44,75833,75835],{"className":46,"code":75834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75836,75837,75842,75870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75838,75839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75840,75841],{"class":59},"e\n",[53,75843,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75845,1226],{"class":67},[53,75847,2862],{"class":71},[53,75849,713],{"class":75},[53,75851,2862],{"class":71},[53,75853,81],{"class":67},[53,75855,2857],{"class":71},[53,75857,730],{"class":75},[53,75859,2862],{"class":71},[53,75861,81],{"class":67},[53,75863,2857],{"class":71},[53,75865,59979],{"class":75},[53,75867,2862],{"class":71},[53,75869,101],{"class":67},[53,75871,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,75873,1226],{"class":67},[53,75875,2862],{"class":71},[53,75877,195],{"class":75},[53,75879,2862],{"class":71},[53,75881,81],{"class":67},[53,75883,2857],{"class":71},[53,75885,704],{"class":75},[53,75887,2862],{"class":71},[53,75889,81],{"class":67},[53,75891,2857],{"class":71},[53,75893,713],{"class":75},[53,75895,2862],{"class":71},[53,75897,81],{"class":67},[53,75899,2857],{"class":71},[53,75901,730],{"class":75},[53,75903,2862],{"class":71},[53,75905,101],{"class":67},[20,75907,12604],{},[173,75909,75910,75913,75917,75923,75929],{},[176,75911,75912],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[176,75914,75915,75706],{},[15,75916,75705],{},[176,75918,75919,75922],{},[15,75920,75921],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[176,75924,75925,75928],{},[15,75926,75927],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[176,75930,75931,75932,667,75934],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75933,273],{},[15,75935,74809],{},[39,75937,75939],{"id":75938},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75941,1541,75942,75944],{},[15,75943,74812],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[173,75946,75947,75950,75953,75958,75968],{},[176,75948,75949],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[176,75951,75952],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[176,75954,75955,75957],{},[15,75956,75444],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[176,75959,8425,75960,75962,75963,75965,75966],{},[15,75961,74812],{}," is negative, ",[15,75964,273],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75967,74809],{},[176,75969,75970,75972,75973],{},[15,75971,74812],{}," cannot be ",[15,75974,187],{},[20,75976,75977],{},"Example with different step values:",[44,75979,75981],{"className":46,"code":75980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75982,75983,76015,76019,76036,76058,76077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75984,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75986,326],{"class":59},[53,75988,64],{"class":63},[53,75990,68],{"class":67},[53,75992,334],{"class":333},[53,75994,81],{"class":67},[53,75996,339],{"class":333},[53,75998,81],{"class":67},[53,76000,344],{"class":333},[53,76002,81],{"class":67},[53,76004,50386],{"class":333},[53,76006,81],{"class":67},[53,76008,4635],{"class":333},[53,76010,81],{"class":67},[53,76012,75483],{"class":333},[53,76014,101],{"class":67},[53,76016,76017],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76018,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76020,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76022,137],{"class":136},[53,76024,121],{"class":67},[53,76026,3209],{"class":117},[53,76028,73505],{"class":67},[53,76030,525],{"class":333},[53,76032,19993],{"class":67},[53,76034,76035],{"class":148},"     # every second item\n",[53,76037,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76051,76053,76055],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,76039,137],{"class":136},[53,76041,121],{"class":67},[53,76043,3209],{"class":117},[53,76045,1226],{"class":67},[53,76047,517],{"class":333},[53,76049,76050],{"class":67},"::",[53,76052,525],{"class":333},[53,76054,19993],{"class":67},[53,76056,76057],{"class":148},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[53,76059,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,76061,137],{"class":136},[53,76063,121],{"class":67},[53,76065,3209],{"class":117},[53,76067,73505],{"class":67},[53,76069,1585],{"class":63},[53,76071,517],{"class":333},[53,76073,19993],{"class":67},[53,76075,76076],{"class":148},"    # reverse the list\n",[53,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,76080,137],{"class":136},[53,76082,121],{"class":67},[53,76084,3209],{"class":117},[53,76086,1226],{"class":67},[53,76088,2062],{"class":333},[53,76090,171],{"class":67},[53,76092,517],{"class":333},[53,76094,171],{"class":67},[53,76096,1585],{"class":63},[53,76098,517],{"class":333},[53,76100,19993],{"class":67},[53,76102,76103],{"class":148},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76105,388],{},[44,76107,76109],{"className":46,"code":76108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76110,76111,76127,76143,76171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76114,1226],{"class":67},[53,76116,334],{"class":333},[53,76118,81],{"class":67},[53,76120,344],{"class":333},[53,76122,81],{"class":67},[53,76124,4635],{"class":333},[53,76126,101],{"class":67},[53,76128,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76130,1226],{"class":67},[53,76132,365],{"class":333},[53,76134,81],{"class":67},[53,76136,50386],{"class":333},[53,76138,81],{"class":67},[53,76140,75483],{"class":333},[53,76142,101],{"class":67},[53,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76146,1226],{"class":67},[53,76148,75662],{"class":333},[53,76150,81],{"class":67},[53,76152,4635],{"class":333},[53,76154,81],{"class":67},[53,76156,50386],{"class":333},[53,76158,81],{"class":67},[53,76160,344],{"class":333},[53,76162,81],{"class":67},[53,76164,339],{"class":333},[53,76166,81],{"class":67},[53,76168,5556],{"class":333},[53,76170,101],{"class":67},[53,76172,76173,76175,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,76174,1226],{"class":67},[53,76176,76177],{"class":333},"50",[53,76179,81],{"class":67},[53,76181,50386],{"class":333},[53,76183,81],{"class":67},[53,76185,344],{"class":333},[53,76187,101],{"class":67},[20,76189,76190,76191,37],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[195,76192,76193],{"href":74189},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1418,76195,76197],{"id":76196},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76199,2396],{},[44,76201,76203],{"className":46,"code":76202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76204,76205,76225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76206,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76208,326],{"class":59},[53,76210,64],{"class":63},[53,76212,68],{"class":67},[53,76214,517],{"class":333},[53,76216,81],{"class":67},[53,76218,790],{"class":333},[53,76220,81],{"class":67},[53,76222,1269],{"class":333},[53,76224,101],{"class":67},[53,76226,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76228,137],{"class":136},[53,76230,121],{"class":67},[53,76232,3209],{"class":117},[53,76234,73505],{"class":67},[53,76236,187],{"class":333},[53,76238,3449],{"class":67},[20,76240,76241,76242,76244,76245,76247],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76243,36],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76246,187],{}," does not make sense.",[39,76249,76251],{"id":76250},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76253,76254],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1418,76256,76258],{"id":76257},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[44,76260,76262],{"className":46,"code":76261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76263,76264,76288,76292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76265,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76267,326],{"class":59},[53,76269,64],{"class":63},[53,76271,68],{"class":67},[53,76273,334],{"class":333},[53,76275,81],{"class":67},[53,76277,339],{"class":333},[53,76279,81],{"class":67},[53,76281,344],{"class":333},[53,76283,81],{"class":67},[53,76285,50386],{"class":333},[53,76287,101],{"class":67},[53,76289,76290],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76291,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76293,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76295,137],{"class":136},[53,76297,121],{"class":67},[53,76299,3209],{"class":117},[53,76301,1226],{"class":67},[53,76303,525],{"class":333},[53,76305,3449],{"class":67},[20,76307,388],{},[44,76309,76310],{"className":46,"code":69223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76311,76312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76313,76314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76315,69223],{"class":333},[1418,76317,76319],{"id":76318},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[44,76321,76323],{"className":46,"code":76322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76324,76325,76349,76353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76328,326],{"class":59},[53,76330,64],{"class":63},[53,76332,68],{"class":67},[53,76334,334],{"class":333},[53,76336,81],{"class":67},[53,76338,339],{"class":333},[53,76340,81],{"class":67},[53,76342,344],{"class":333},[53,76344,81],{"class":67},[53,76346,50386],{"class":333},[53,76348,101],{"class":67},[53,76350,76351],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76352,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76354,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76356,137],{"class":136},[53,76358,121],{"class":67},[53,76360,3209],{"class":117},[53,76362,1226],{"class":67},[53,76364,525],{"class":333},[53,76366,171],{"class":67},[53,76368,882],{"class":333},[53,76370,3449],{"class":67},[20,76372,388],{},[44,76374,76376],{"className":46,"code":76375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30]\n",[15,76377,76378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76379,76380,76382,76384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76381,1226],{"class":67},[53,76383,36384],{"class":333},[53,76385,101],{"class":67},[20,76387,13313],{},[173,76389,76390,76396],{},[176,76391,76392,76395],{},[15,76393,76394],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[176,76397,76398,76401],{},[15,76399,76400],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76403,76404],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[173,76406,76407,76410],{},[176,76408,76409],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[176,76411,76412],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76414,316],{},[44,76416,76418],{"className":46,"code":76417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76419,76420,76440,76444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76421,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76423,326],{"class":59},[53,76425,64],{"class":63},[53,76427,68],{"class":67},[53,76429,334],{"class":333},[53,76431,81],{"class":67},[53,76433,339],{"class":333},[53,76435,81],{"class":67},[53,76437,344],{"class":333},[53,76439,101],{"class":67},[53,76441,76442],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76443,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76445,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76447,137],{"class":136},[53,76449,121],{"class":67},[53,76451,3209],{"class":117},[53,76453,1226],{"class":67},[53,76455,1698],{"class":333},[53,76457,171],{"class":67},[53,76459,334],{"class":333},[53,76461,3449],{"class":67},[20,76463,388],{},[44,76465,76466],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76467,76468],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76469,76470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76471,37839],{"class":67},[20,76473,76474],{},"But this would raise an error:",[44,76476,76478],{"className":46,"code":76477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76479,76480,76500,76504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76481,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76483,326],{"class":59},[53,76485,64],{"class":63},[53,76487,68],{"class":67},[53,76489,334],{"class":333},[53,76491,81],{"class":67},[53,76493,339],{"class":333},[53,76495,81],{"class":67},[53,76497,344],{"class":333},[53,76499,101],{"class":67},[53,76501,76502],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76503,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76505,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76507,137],{"class":136},[53,76509,121],{"class":67},[53,76511,3209],{"class":117},[53,76513,1226],{"class":67},[53,76515,1698],{"class":333},[53,76517,3449],{"class":67},[20,76519,76520,76521,37],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[195,76522,68642],{"href":68641},[39,76524,14728],{"id":76525},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76527,76528],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[173,76530,76531,76535,76537,76540,76546],{},[176,76532,4261,76533,75124],{},[15,76534,74809],{},[176,76536,60224],{},[176,76538,76539],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[176,76541,36747,76542,8254,76544],{},[15,76543,75444],{},[15,76545,72909],{},[176,76547,76548,76549,76551],{},"Using step ",[15,76550,187],{},", which causes an error",[1418,76553,76555],{"id":76554},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[44,76557,76559],{"className":46,"code":76558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76560,76561,76589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76562,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76564,326],{"class":59},[53,76566,64],{"class":63},[53,76568,68],{"class":67},[53,76570,334],{"class":333},[53,76572,81],{"class":67},[53,76574,339],{"class":333},[53,76576,81],{"class":67},[53,76578,344],{"class":333},[53,76580,81],{"class":67},[53,76582,50386],{"class":333},[53,76584,81],{"class":67},[53,76586,4635],{"class":333},[53,76588,101],{"class":67},[53,76590,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76592,137],{"class":136},[53,76594,121],{"class":67},[53,76596,3209],{"class":117},[53,76598,1226],{"class":67},[53,76600,517],{"class":333},[53,76602,171],{"class":67},[53,76604,2062],{"class":333},[53,76606,3449],{"class":67},[20,76608,76609],{},"This returns:",[44,76611,76613],{"className":46,"code":76612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76614,76615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76616,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76618,1226],{"class":67},[53,76620,365],{"class":333},[53,76622,81],{"class":67},[53,76624,344],{"class":333},[53,76626,81],{"class":67},[53,76628,50386],{"class":333},[53,76630,101],{"class":67},[20,76632,40447,76633,76635,76636,76638,76639,37],{},[30,76634,1112],{}," include ",[15,76637,76177],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76640,2062],{},[1418,76642,76644],{"id":76643},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76646,1209],{},[44,76648,76650],{"className":46,"code":76649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76651,76652,76672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76653,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76655,326],{"class":59},[53,76657,64],{"class":63},[53,76659,68],{"class":67},[53,76661,334],{"class":333},[53,76663,81],{"class":67},[53,76665,339],{"class":333},[53,76667,81],{"class":67},[53,76669,344],{"class":333},[53,76671,101],{"class":67},[53,76673,76674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76675,76676],{"class":148},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76678,76679],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[44,76681,76683],{"className":46,"code":76682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76684,76685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76686,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76688,137],{"class":136},[53,76690,121],{"class":67},[53,76692,3209],{"class":117},[53,76694,1226],{"class":67},[53,76696,517],{"class":333},[53,76698,171],{"class":67},[53,76700,882],{"class":333},[53,76702,3449],{"class":67},[1418,76704,76706],{"id":76705},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76708,76709],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[44,76711,76713],{"className":46,"code":76712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76714,76715,76739,76753,76757,76767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76718,326],{"class":59},[53,76720,64],{"class":63},[53,76722,68],{"class":67},[53,76724,334],{"class":333},[53,76726,81],{"class":67},[53,76728,339],{"class":333},[53,76730,81],{"class":67},[53,76732,344],{"class":333},[53,76734,81],{"class":67},[53,76736,50386],{"class":333},[53,76738,101],{"class":67},[53,76740,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76742,75042],{"class":59},[53,76744,64],{"class":63},[53,76746,356],{"class":59},[53,76748,74918],{"class":67},[53,76750,525],{"class":333},[53,76752,101],{"class":67},[53,76754,76755],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76756,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76758,76759,76761,76763,76765],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,76760,137],{"class":136},[53,76762,121],{"class":67},[53,76764,75065],{"class":117},[53,76766,130],{"class":67},[53,76768,76769,76771,76773,76775],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,76770,137],{"class":136},[53,76772,121],{"class":67},[53,76774,3209],{"class":117},[53,76776,130],{"class":67},[20,76778,388],{},[44,76780,76782],{"className":46,"code":76781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76783,76784,76796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76785,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76787,1226],{"class":67},[53,76789,334],{"class":333},[53,76791,81],{"class":67},[53,76793,339],{"class":333},[53,76795,101],{"class":67},[53,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76799,1226],{"class":67},[53,76801,334],{"class":333},[53,76803,81],{"class":67},[53,76805,339],{"class":333},[53,76807,81],{"class":67},[53,76809,344],{"class":333},[53,76811,81],{"class":67},[53,76813,50386],{"class":333},[53,76815,101],{"class":67},[20,76817,76818],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1418,76820,76822,76823,8254,76825],{"id":76821},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76824,75444],{},[15,76826,72909],{},[44,76828,76830],{"className":46,"code":76829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76831,76832,76852,76856,76873,76884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76833,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76835,326],{"class":59},[53,76837,64],{"class":63},[53,76839,68],{"class":67},[53,76841,334],{"class":333},[53,76843,81],{"class":67},[53,76845,339],{"class":333},[53,76847,81],{"class":67},[53,76849,344],{"class":333},[53,76851,101],{"class":67},[53,76853,76854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76855,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,76857,76858,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,76859,76860],{"class":59},"reversed_copy ",[53,76862,64],{"class":63},[53,76864,356],{"class":59},[53,76866,73505],{"class":67},[53,76868,1585],{"class":63},[53,76870,517],{"class":333},[53,76872,101],{"class":67},[53,76874,76875,76877,76879,76882],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,76876,137],{"class":136},[53,76878,121],{"class":67},[53,76880,76881],{"class":117},"reversed_copy",[53,76883,130],{"class":67},[53,76885,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,76887,137],{"class":136},[53,76889,121],{"class":67},[53,76891,3209],{"class":117},[53,76893,130],{"class":67},[20,76895,388],{},[44,76897,76899],{"className":46,"code":76898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76900,76901,76917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76902,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76904,1226],{"class":67},[53,76906,36384],{"class":333},[53,76908,81],{"class":67},[53,76910,339],{"class":333},[53,76912,81],{"class":67},[53,76914,5556],{"class":333},[53,76916,101],{"class":67},[53,76918,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76920,1226],{"class":67},[53,76922,334],{"class":333},[53,76924,81],{"class":67},[53,76926,339],{"class":333},[53,76928,81],{"class":67},[53,76930,344],{"class":333},[53,76932,101],{"class":67},[20,76934,76935,76938],{},[15,76936,76937],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76940,76941,76942,76945],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76943,76944],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1418,76947,76949],{"id":76948},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76951,76952],{},"This is not allowed:",[44,76954,76956],{"className":46,"code":76955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76957,76958,76978],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76959,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76961,326],{"class":59},[53,76963,64],{"class":63},[53,76965,68],{"class":67},[53,76967,334],{"class":333},[53,76969,81],{"class":67},[53,76971,339],{"class":333},[53,76973,81],{"class":67},[53,76975,344],{"class":333},[53,76977,101],{"class":67},[53,76979,76980],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76981,76982],{"class":148},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76984,76985,76986,37],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76987,36],{},[39,76989,76991],{"id":76990},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76993,76994],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[173,76996,76997,77004,77010,77013,77016],{},[176,76998,36747,76999,667,77001,77003],{},[15,77000,273],{},[15,77002,74809],{}," positions",[176,77005,77006,77007,77009],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77008,74809],{}," index is included",[176,77011,77012],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[176,77014,77015],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[176,77017,77018],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77020,77021],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[44,77023,77025],{"className":46,"code":77024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77026,77027,77037,77051,77069,77083,77100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77028,77029,77031,77033,77035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77030,137],{"class":136},[53,77032,121],{"class":67},[53,77034,215],{"class":117},[53,77036,130],{"class":67},[53,77038,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77040,137],{"class":136},[53,77042,121],{"class":67},[53,77044,10711],{"class":136},[53,77046,121],{"class":67},[53,77048,215],{"class":117},[53,77050,628],{"class":67},[53,77052,77053,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77054,137],{"class":136},[53,77056,121],{"class":67},[53,77058,215],{"class":117},[53,77060,1226],{"class":67},[53,77062,517],{"class":333},[53,77064,171],{"class":67},[53,77066,2062],{"class":333},[53,77068,3449],{"class":67},[53,77070,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77072,137],{"class":136},[53,77074,121],{"class":67},[53,77076,215],{"class":117},[53,77078,74918],{"class":67},[53,77080,882],{"class":333},[53,77082,3449],{"class":67},[53,77084,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,77086,137],{"class":136},[53,77088,121],{"class":67},[53,77090,215],{"class":117},[53,77092,1226],{"class":67},[53,77094,1585],{"class":63},[53,77096,882],{"class":333},[53,77098,77099],{"class":67},":])\n",[53,77101,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,77103,137],{"class":136},[53,77105,121],{"class":67},[53,77107,215],{"class":117},[53,77109,73505],{"class":67},[53,77111,1585],{"class":63},[53,77113,517],{"class":333},[53,77115,3449],{"class":67},[20,77117,664,77118,77120,77121,77125],{},[15,77119,41903],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[195,77122,77124],{"href":77123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[39,77127,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,77129,77131],{"id":77130},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77133,77134],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1418,77136,77138],{"id":77137},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77140,77141],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1418,77143,1421,77145,39502],{"id":77144},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77146,75444],{},[20,77148,77149],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1418,77151,77153,77154,1459],{"id":77152},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77155,70114],{},[20,77157,77158],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[39,77160,1471],{"id":1470},[173,77162,77163,77168,77173,77177,77181,77185],{},[176,77164,77165],{},[195,77166,77167],{"href":50522},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[176,77169,77170],{},[195,77171,77172],{"href":56689},"How to create a list in Python",[176,77174,77175],{},[195,77176,14516],{"href":56755},[176,77178,77179],{},[195,77180,74190],{"href":74189},[176,77182,77183],{},[195,77184,77124],{"href":77123},[176,77186,77187],{},[195,77188,68642],{"href":68641},[20,77190,77191,77192,77194],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77193,41903],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1494,77196,77197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":77199},[77200,77201,77202,77203,77204,77205,77208,77212,77220,77221,77229],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":74973,"depth":104,"text":74974},{"id":75136,"depth":104,"text":75137},{"id":75398,"depth":104,"text":75399},{"id":75692,"depth":104,"text":75693},{"id":75938,"depth":104,"text":75939,"children":77206},[77207],{"id":76196,"depth":133,"text":76197},{"id":76250,"depth":104,"text":76251,"children":77209},[77210,77211],{"id":76257,"depth":133,"text":76258},{"id":76318,"depth":133,"text":76319},{"id":76525,"depth":104,"text":14728,"children":77213},[77214,77215,77216,77217,77219],{"id":76554,"depth":133,"text":76555},{"id":76643,"depth":133,"text":76644},{"id":76705,"depth":133,"text":76706},{"id":76821,"depth":133,"text":77218},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76948,"depth":133,"text":76949},{"id":76990,"depth":104,"text":76991},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":77222},[77223,77224,77225,77227],{"id":77130,"depth":133,"text":77131},{"id":77137,"depth":133,"text":77138},{"id":77144,"depth":133,"text":77226},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77152,"depth":133,"text":77228},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74796,"description":77230},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77237,"title":77238,"body":77239,"description":79308,"extension":1524,"meta":79309,"navigation":372,"path":79310,"seo":79311,"stem":79312,"__hash__":79313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77240,"toc":79274},[77241,77246,77252,77258,77260,77307,77314,77319,77323,77338,77341,77394,77396,77421,77426,77428,77460,77463,77479,77481,77542,77544,77569,77573,77578,77631,77633,77658,77663,77724,77726,77751,77754,77761,77765,77768,77829,77831,77864,77867,77928,77930,77963,77969,78042,78044,78076,78083,78088,78093,78095,78107,78110,78188,78190,78231,78234,78308,78310,78343,78348,78355,78362,78366,78375,78379,78387,78389,78456,78458,78494,78499,78510,78512,78517,78522,78524,78587,78589,78614,78621,78626,78630,78633,78673,78678,78684,78689,78691,78718,78723,78726,78773,78775,78832,78839,78844,78850,78919,78923,78926,78989,78991,79024,79029,79031,79034,79115,79117,79141,79147,79149,79154,79158,79165,79173,79177,79179,79202,79206,79208,79235,79238,79245,79248,79250,79271],[10,77242,13,77244,18],{"id":77243},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77245,63844],{},[20,77247,77248,77251],{},[15,77249,77250],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77253,77254,77255,77257],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77256,63844],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[39,77259,1566],{"id":1565},[44,77261,77263],{"className":46,"code":77262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77264,77265,77285,77295],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77266,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77268,326],{"class":59},[53,77270,64],{"class":63},[53,77272,68],{"class":67},[53,77274,882],{"class":333},[53,77276,81],{"class":67},[53,77278,821],{"class":333},[53,77280,81],{"class":67},[53,77282,790],{"class":333},[53,77284,101],{"class":67},[53,77286,77287,77289,77291,77293],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77288,3209],{"class":59},[53,77290,37],{"class":67},[53,77292,34345],{"class":117},[53,77294,8192],{"class":67},[53,77296,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77298,137],{"class":136},[53,77300,121],{"class":67},[53,77302,3209],{"class":117},[53,77304,145],{"class":67},[53,77306,54468],{"class":148},[20,77308,152,77309,77311,77312,37],{},[15,77310,77250],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77313,3338],{},[39,77315,163,77317,166],{"id":77316},"what-listsort-does",[15,77318,77250],{},[20,77320,77321,171],{},[15,77322,77250],{},[173,77324,77325,77328,77331,77335],{},[176,77326,77327],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[176,77329,77330],{},"Changes the original list",[176,77332,10973,77333],{},[15,77334,3338],{},[176,77336,77337],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77339,77340],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[44,77342,77344],{"className":46,"code":77343,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77345,77346,77370,77380,77384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77347,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77349,326],{"class":59},[53,77351,64],{"class":63},[53,77353,68],{"class":67},[53,77355,1698],{"class":333},[53,77357,81],{"class":67},[53,77359,790],{"class":333},[53,77361,81],{"class":67},[53,77363,53675],{"class":333},[53,77365,81],{"class":67},[53,77367,821],{"class":333},[53,77369,101],{"class":67},[53,77371,77372,77374,77376,77378],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77373,3209],{"class":59},[53,77375,37],{"class":67},[53,77377,34345],{"class":117},[53,77379,8192],{"class":67},[53,77381,77382],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77383,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77385,77386,77388,77390,77392],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77387,137],{"class":136},[53,77389,121],{"class":67},[53,77391,3209],{"class":117},[53,77393,130],{"class":67},[20,77395,388],{},[44,77397,77399],{"className":46,"code":77398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77400,77401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77402,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77404,1226],{"class":67},[53,77406,517],{"class":333},[53,77408,81],{"class":67},[53,77410,790],{"class":333},[53,77412,81],{"class":67},[53,77414,4162],{"class":333},[53,77416,81],{"class":67},[53,77418,53675],{"class":333},[53,77420,101],{"class":67},[20,77422,77423,77424,37],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[195,77425,66460],{"href":50522},[39,77427,202],{"id":201},[44,77429,77431],{"className":46,"code":77430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77432,77433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77454,77456,77458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77436,215],{"class":59},[53,77438,37],{"class":67},[53,77440,34345],{"class":117},[53,77442,121],{"class":67},[53,77444,14392],{"class":8726},[53,77446,64],{"class":63},[53,77448,3338],{"class":3413},[53,77450,81],{"class":67},[53,77452,77453],{"class":8726}," reverse",[53,77455,64],{"class":63},[53,77457,3234],{"class":3413},[53,77459,130],{"class":67},[20,77461,77462],{},"Main arguments:",[173,77464,77465,77470,77476],{},[176,77466,77467,77469],{},[15,77468,14392],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[176,77471,77472,77475],{},[15,77473,77474],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[176,77477,77478],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77480,316],{},[44,77482,77484],{"className":46,"code":77483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77485,77486,77510,77528,77532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77489,326],{"class":59},[53,77491,64],{"class":63},[53,77493,68],{"class":67},[53,77495,2062],{"class":333},[53,77497,81],{"class":67},[53,77499,821],{"class":333},[53,77501,81],{"class":67},[53,77503,5545],{"class":333},[53,77505,81],{"class":67},[53,77507,790],{"class":333},[53,77509,101],{"class":67},[53,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77513,3209],{"class":59},[53,77515,37],{"class":67},[53,77517,34345],{"class":117},[53,77519,121],{"class":67},[53,77521,72960],{"class":8726},[53,77523,64],{"class":63},[53,77525,3167],{"class":3413},[53,77527,130],{"class":67},[53,77529,77530],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77531,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77535,137],{"class":136},[53,77537,121],{"class":67},[53,77539,3209],{"class":117},[53,77541,130],{"class":67},[20,77543,388],{},[44,77545,77547],{"className":46,"code":77546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77548,77549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77550,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77552,1226],{"class":67},[53,77554,1588],{"class":333},[53,77556,81],{"class":67},[53,77558,826],{"class":333},[53,77560,81],{"class":67},[53,77562,790],{"class":333},[53,77564,81],{"class":67},[53,77566,821],{"class":333},[53,77568,101],{"class":67},[39,77570,77572],{"id":77571},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77574,152,77575,77577],{},[15,77576,63844],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[44,77579,77581],{"className":46,"code":77580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77582,77583,77607,77617,77621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77584,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77586,326],{"class":59},[53,77588,64],{"class":63},[53,77590,68],{"class":67},[53,77592,334],{"class":333},[53,77594,81],{"class":67},[53,77596,1269],{"class":333},[53,77598,81],{"class":67},[53,77600,5912],{"class":333},[53,77602,81],{"class":67},[53,77604,821],{"class":333},[53,77606,101],{"class":67},[53,77608,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77610,3209],{"class":59},[53,77612,37],{"class":67},[53,77614,34345],{"class":117},[53,77616,8192],{"class":67},[53,77618,77619],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77620,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77622,77623,77625,77627,77629],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77624,137],{"class":136},[53,77626,121],{"class":67},[53,77628,3209],{"class":117},[53,77630,130],{"class":67},[20,77632,388],{},[44,77634,77636],{"className":46,"code":77635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77637,77638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77639,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77641,1226],{"class":67},[53,77643,517],{"class":333},[53,77645,81],{"class":67},[53,77647,1269],{"class":333},[53,77649,81],{"class":67},[53,77651,5912],{"class":333},[53,77653,81],{"class":67},[53,77655,5556],{"class":333},[53,77657,101],{"class":67},[20,77659,152,77660,77662],{},[15,77661,77474],{}," for descending order:",[44,77664,77666],{"className":46,"code":77665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77667,77668,77692,77710,77714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77671,326],{"class":59},[53,77673,64],{"class":63},[53,77675,68],{"class":67},[53,77677,334],{"class":333},[53,77679,81],{"class":67},[53,77681,1269],{"class":333},[53,77683,81],{"class":67},[53,77685,5912],{"class":333},[53,77687,81],{"class":67},[53,77689,821],{"class":333},[53,77691,101],{"class":67},[53,77693,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77695,3209],{"class":59},[53,77697,37],{"class":67},[53,77699,34345],{"class":117},[53,77701,121],{"class":67},[53,77703,72960],{"class":8726},[53,77705,64],{"class":63},[53,77707,3167],{"class":3413},[53,77709,130],{"class":67},[53,77711,77712],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77713,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77715,77716,77718,77720,77722],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77717,137],{"class":136},[53,77719,121],{"class":67},[53,77721,3209],{"class":117},[53,77723,130],{"class":67},[20,77725,388],{},[44,77727,77729],{"className":46,"code":77728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77730,77731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77732,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77734,1226],{"class":67},[53,77736,334],{"class":333},[53,77738,81],{"class":67},[53,77740,5912],{"class":333},[53,77742,81],{"class":67},[53,77744,1269],{"class":333},[53,77746,81],{"class":67},[53,77748,821],{"class":333},[53,77750,101],{"class":67},[20,77752,77753],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77755,77756,77757,37],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[195,77758,77760],{"href":77759},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[39,77762,77764],{"id":77763},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77766,77767],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[44,77769,77771],{"className":46,"code":77770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77772,77773,77805,77815,77819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77774,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77776,3631],{"class":59},[53,77778,64],{"class":63},[53,77780,68],{"class":67},[53,77782,72],{"class":71},[53,77784,87],{"class":75},[53,77786,72],{"class":71},[53,77788,81],{"class":67},[53,77790,84],{"class":71},[53,77792,76],{"class":75},[53,77794,72],{"class":71},[53,77796,81],{"class":67},[53,77798,84],{"class":71},[53,77800,96],{"class":75},[53,77802,72],{"class":71},[53,77804,101],{"class":67},[53,77806,77807,77809,77811,77813],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77808,3672],{"class":59},[53,77810,37],{"class":67},[53,77812,34345],{"class":117},[53,77814,8192],{"class":67},[53,77816,77817],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77818,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77820,77821,77823,77825,77827],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77822,137],{"class":136},[53,77824,121],{"class":67},[53,77826,3672],{"class":117},[53,77828,130],{"class":67},[20,77830,388],{},[44,77832,77834],{"className":46,"code":77833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77835,77836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77837,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77839,1226],{"class":67},[53,77841,2862],{"class":71},[53,77843,76],{"class":75},[53,77845,2862],{"class":71},[53,77847,81],{"class":67},[53,77849,2857],{"class":71},[53,77851,87],{"class":75},[53,77853,2862],{"class":71},[53,77855,81],{"class":67},[53,77857,2857],{"class":71},[53,77859,96],{"class":75},[53,77861,2862],{"class":71},[53,77863,101],{"class":67},[20,77865,77866],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[44,77868,77870],{"className":46,"code":77869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77871,77872,77904,77914,77918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77873,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77875,3631],{"class":59},[53,77877,64],{"class":63},[53,77879,68],{"class":67},[53,77881,72],{"class":71},[53,77883,87],{"class":75},[53,77885,72],{"class":71},[53,77887,81],{"class":67},[53,77889,84],{"class":71},[53,77891,57303],{"class":75},[53,77893,72],{"class":71},[53,77895,81],{"class":67},[53,77897,84],{"class":71},[53,77899,96],{"class":75},[53,77901,72],{"class":71},[53,77903,101],{"class":67},[53,77905,77906,77908,77910,77912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77907,3672],{"class":59},[53,77909,37],{"class":67},[53,77911,34345],{"class":117},[53,77913,8192],{"class":67},[53,77915,77916],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,77917,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,77919,77920,77922,77924,77926],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,77921,137],{"class":136},[53,77923,121],{"class":67},[53,77925,3672],{"class":117},[53,77927,130],{"class":67},[20,77929,388],{},[44,77931,77933],{"className":46,"code":77932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77934,77935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77936,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77938,1226],{"class":67},[53,77940,2862],{"class":71},[53,77942,57303],{"class":75},[53,77944,2862],{"class":71},[53,77946,81],{"class":67},[53,77948,2857],{"class":71},[53,77950,87],{"class":75},[53,77952,2862],{"class":71},[53,77954,81],{"class":67},[53,77956,2857],{"class":71},[53,77958,96],{"class":75},[53,77960,2862],{"class":71},[53,77962,101],{"class":67},[20,77964,77965,77966,171],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77967,77968],{},"key=str.lower",[44,77970,77972],{"className":46,"code":77971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77973,77974,78006,78028,78032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77975,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77977,3631],{"class":59},[53,77979,64],{"class":63},[53,77981,68],{"class":67},[53,77983,72],{"class":71},[53,77985,87],{"class":75},[53,77987,72],{"class":71},[53,77989,81],{"class":67},[53,77991,84],{"class":71},[53,77993,57303],{"class":75},[53,77995,72],{"class":71},[53,77997,81],{"class":67},[53,77999,84],{"class":71},[53,78001,96],{"class":75},[53,78003,72],{"class":71},[53,78005,101],{"class":67},[53,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78009,3672],{"class":59},[53,78011,37],{"class":67},[53,78013,34345],{"class":117},[53,78015,121],{"class":67},[53,78017,14392],{"class":8726},[53,78019,64],{"class":63},[53,78021,3005],{"class":1320},[53,78023,37],{"class":67},[53,78025,8189],{"class":1223},[53,78027,130],{"class":67},[53,78029,78030],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78031,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78035,137],{"class":136},[53,78037,121],{"class":67},[53,78039,3672],{"class":117},[53,78041,130],{"class":67},[20,78043,388],{},[44,78045,78046],{"className":46,"code":77932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78047,78048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78049,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78051,1226],{"class":67},[53,78053,2862],{"class":71},[53,78055,57303],{"class":75},[53,78057,2862],{"class":71},[53,78059,81],{"class":67},[53,78061,2857],{"class":71},[53,78063,87],{"class":75},[53,78065,2862],{"class":71},[53,78067,81],{"class":67},[53,78069,2857],{"class":71},[53,78071,96],{"class":75},[53,78073,2862],{"class":71},[53,78075,101],{"class":67},[20,78077,78078,78079,78082],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78080,78081],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[39,78084,36155,78086,36158],{"id":78085},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78087,14392],{},[20,78089,1541,78090,78092],{},[15,78091,14392],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78094,6894],{},[173,78096,78097,78102],{},[176,78098,78099,78101],{},[15,78100,10711],{}," to sort by length",[176,78103,78104,78106],{},[15,78105,78081],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78108,78109],{},"Sort words by length:",[44,78111,78113],{"className":46,"code":78112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78114,78115,78156,78174,78178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78118,3631],{"class":59},[53,78120,64],{"class":63},[53,78122,68],{"class":67},[53,78124,72],{"class":71},[53,78126,78127],{"class":75},"pear",[53,78129,72],{"class":71},[53,78131,81],{"class":67},[53,78133,84],{"class":71},[53,78135,87],{"class":75},[53,78137,72],{"class":71},[53,78139,81],{"class":67},[53,78141,84],{"class":71},[53,78143,37900],{"class":75},[53,78145,72],{"class":71},[53,78147,81],{"class":67},[53,78149,84],{"class":71},[53,78151,76],{"class":75},[53,78153,72],{"class":71},[53,78155,101],{"class":67},[53,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78159,3672],{"class":59},[53,78161,37],{"class":67},[53,78163,34345],{"class":117},[53,78165,121],{"class":67},[53,78167,14392],{"class":8726},[53,78169,64],{"class":63},[53,78171,10711],{"class":136},[53,78173,130],{"class":67},[53,78175,78176],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78177,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78181,137],{"class":136},[53,78183,121],{"class":67},[53,78185,3672],{"class":117},[53,78187,130],{"class":67},[20,78189,388],{},[44,78191,78193],{"className":46,"code":78192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78194,78195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78196,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78198,1226],{"class":67},[53,78200,2862],{"class":71},[53,78202,37900],{"class":75},[53,78204,2862],{"class":71},[53,78206,81],{"class":67},[53,78208,2857],{"class":71},[53,78210,78127],{"class":75},[53,78212,2862],{"class":71},[53,78214,81],{"class":67},[53,78216,2857],{"class":71},[53,78218,76],{"class":75},[53,78220,2862],{"class":71},[53,78222,81],{"class":67},[53,78224,2857],{"class":71},[53,78226,87],{"class":75},[53,78228,2862],{"class":71},[53,78230,101],{"class":67},[20,78232,78233],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[44,78235,78237],{"className":46,"code":78236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78238,78239,78272,78294,78298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78268,78270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78242,3631],{"class":59},[53,78244,64],{"class":63},[53,78246,68],{"class":67},[53,78248,72],{"class":71},[53,78250,4567],{"class":75},[53,78252,72],{"class":71},[53,78254,81],{"class":67},[53,78256,84],{"class":71},[53,78258,17350],{"class":75},[53,78260,72],{"class":71},[53,78262,81],{"class":67},[53,78264,84],{"class":71},[53,78266,78267],{"class":75},"Carol",[53,78269,72],{"class":71},[53,78271,101],{"class":67},[53,78273,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78275,3672],{"class":59},[53,78277,37],{"class":67},[53,78279,34345],{"class":117},[53,78281,121],{"class":67},[53,78283,14392],{"class":8726},[53,78285,64],{"class":63},[53,78287,3005],{"class":1320},[53,78289,37],{"class":67},[53,78291,8189],{"class":1223},[53,78293,130],{"class":67},[53,78295,78296],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78297,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78299,78300,78302,78304,78306],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78301,137],{"class":136},[53,78303,121],{"class":67},[53,78305,3672],{"class":117},[53,78307,130],{"class":67},[20,78309,388],{},[44,78311,78313],{"className":46,"code":78312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78314,78315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78316,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78318,1226],{"class":67},[53,78320,2862],{"class":71},[53,78322,17350],{"class":75},[53,78324,2862],{"class":71},[53,78326,81],{"class":67},[53,78328,2857],{"class":71},[53,78330,4567],{"class":75},[53,78332,2862],{"class":71},[53,78334,81],{"class":67},[53,78336,2857],{"class":71},[53,78338,78267],{"class":75},[53,78340,2862],{"class":71},[53,78342,101],{"class":67},[20,78344,1541,78345,78347],{},[15,78346,14392],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[39,78349,78351,10136,78353],{"id":78350},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78352,77250],{},[15,78354,73807],{},[20,78356,78357,667,78359,78361],{},[15,78358,77250],{},[15,78360,73807],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78363,78364,171],{},[15,78365,77250],{},[173,78367,78368,78371],{},[176,78369,78370],{},"Changes the existing list",[176,78372,10973,78373],{},[15,78374,3338],{},[20,78376,78377,171],{},[15,78378,73807],{},[173,78380,78381,78384],{},[176,78382,78383],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[176,78385,78386],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78388,316],{},[44,78390,78392],{"className":46,"code":78391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78393,78394,78414,78418,78432,78436,78446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78395,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78397,326],{"class":59},[53,78399,64],{"class":63},[53,78401,68],{"class":67},[53,78403,882],{"class":333},[53,78405,81],{"class":67},[53,78407,821],{"class":333},[53,78409,81],{"class":67},[53,78411,790],{"class":333},[53,78413,101],{"class":67},[53,78415,78416],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78417,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78419,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78421,55425],{"class":59},[53,78423,64],{"class":63},[53,78425,73941],{"class":136},[53,78427,121],{"class":67},[53,78429,3209],{"class":117},[53,78431,130],{"class":67},[53,78433,78434],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78435,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78437,78438,78440,78442,78444],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,78439,137],{"class":136},[53,78441,121],{"class":67},[53,78443,3209],{"class":117},[53,78445,130],{"class":67},[53,78447,78448,78450,78452,78454],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,78449,137],{"class":136},[53,78451,121],{"class":67},[53,78453,73664],{"class":117},[53,78455,130],{"class":67},[20,78457,388],{},[44,78459,78460],{"className":46,"code":73976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78461,78462,78478],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78463,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78465,1226],{"class":67},[53,78467,882],{"class":333},[53,78469,81],{"class":67},[53,78471,821],{"class":333},[53,78473,81],{"class":67},[53,78475,790],{"class":333},[53,78477,101],{"class":67},[53,78479,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78481,1226],{"class":67},[53,78483,517],{"class":333},[53,78485,81],{"class":67},[53,78487,790],{"class":333},[53,78489,81],{"class":67},[53,78491,1269],{"class":333},[53,78493,101],{"class":67},[20,78495,152,78496,78498],{},[15,78497,73807],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78500,78501,78502,667,78506,37],{},"You can learn more in ",[195,78503,3138,78504,5335],{"href":73904},[15,78505,73807],{},[195,78507,78509],{"href":78508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[39,78511,2389],{"id":2388},[20,78513,78514,78515,37],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78516,77250],{},[1418,78518,12146,78520],{"id":78519},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78521,63844],{},[20,78523,25236],{},[44,78525,78527],{"className":46,"code":78526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78528,78529,78549,78563,78567,78577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78530,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78532,326],{"class":59},[53,78534,64],{"class":63},[53,78536,68],{"class":67},[53,78538,882],{"class":333},[53,78540,81],{"class":67},[53,78542,821],{"class":333},[53,78544,81],{"class":67},[53,78546,790],{"class":333},[53,78548,101],{"class":67},[53,78550,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78552,351],{"class":59},[53,78554,64],{"class":63},[53,78556,356],{"class":59},[53,78558,37],{"class":67},[53,78560,34345],{"class":117},[53,78562,8192],{"class":67},[53,78564,78565],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78566,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78568,78569,78571,78573,78575],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78570,137],{"class":136},[53,78572,121],{"class":67},[53,78574,383],{"class":117},[53,78576,130],{"class":67},[53,78578,78579,78581,78583,78585],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,78580,137],{"class":136},[53,78582,121],{"class":67},[53,78584,3209],{"class":117},[53,78586,130],{"class":67},[20,78588,388],{},[44,78590,78592],{"className":46,"code":78591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78593,78594,78598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78595,78596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78597,11359],{"class":3413},[53,78599,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78601,1226],{"class":67},[53,78603,517],{"class":333},[53,78605,81],{"class":67},[53,78607,790],{"class":333},[53,78609,81],{"class":67},[53,78611,1269],{"class":333},[53,78613,101],{"class":67},[20,78615,78616,78618,78619,37],{},[15,78617,63844],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78620,3338],{},[20,78622,78623,78624,1442],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78625,73807],{},[1418,78627,78629],{"id":78628},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78631,78632],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[44,78634,78636],{"className":46,"code":78635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78637,78638,78663],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78639,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78655,78657,78659,78661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78641,60],{"class":59},[53,78643,64],{"class":63},[53,78645,68],{"class":67},[53,78647,517],{"class":333},[53,78649,81],{"class":67},[53,78651,84],{"class":71},[53,78653,78654],{"class":75},"two",[53,78656,72],{"class":71},[53,78658,81],{"class":67},[53,78660,1269],{"class":333},[53,78662,101],{"class":67},[53,78664,78665,78667,78669,78671],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78666,956],{"class":59},[53,78668,37],{"class":67},[53,78670,34345],{"class":117},[53,78672,8192],{"class":67},[20,78674,2562,78675,78677],{},[15,78676,2565],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1418,78679,4261,78681,78683],{"id":78680},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78682,63844],{}," only works on lists",[20,78685,78686,78688],{},[15,78687,63844],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78690,1209],{},[44,78692,78694],{"className":46,"code":78693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78695,78696,78708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78697,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78699,34233],{"class":59},[53,78701,64],{"class":63},[53,78703,84],{"class":71},[53,78705,48],{"class":75},[53,78707,1032],{"class":71},[53,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78711,34254],{"class":59},[53,78713,37],{"class":67},[53,78715,34345],{"class":117},[53,78717,8192],{"class":67},[20,78719,78720,78721,33145],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78722,63844],{},[20,78724,78725],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[44,78727,78729],{"className":46,"code":78728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78730,78731,78749,78759,78763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78732,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78734,687],{"class":59},[53,78736,64],{"class":63},[53,78738,22105],{"class":1320},[53,78740,121],{"class":67},[53,78742,72],{"class":71},[53,78744,48],{"class":75},[53,78746,72],{"class":71},[53,78748,130],{"class":67},[53,78750,78751,78753,78755,78757],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78752,747],{"class":59},[53,78754,37],{"class":67},[53,78756,34345],{"class":117},[53,78758,8192],{"class":67},[53,78760,78761],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78762,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78764,78765,78767,78769,78771],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78766,137],{"class":136},[53,78768,121],{"class":67},[53,78770,747],{"class":117},[53,78772,130],{"class":67},[20,78774,388],{},[44,78776,78778],{"className":46,"code":78777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78779,78780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78783,1226],{"class":67},[53,78785,2862],{"class":71},[53,78787,59970],{"class":75},[53,78789,2862],{"class":71},[53,78791,81],{"class":67},[53,78793,2857],{"class":71},[53,78795,75413],{"class":75},[53,78797,2862],{"class":71},[53,78799,81],{"class":67},[53,78801,2857],{"class":71},[53,78803,60005],{"class":75},[53,78805,2862],{"class":71},[53,78807,81],{"class":67},[53,78809,2857],{"class":71},[53,78811,20],{"class":75},[53,78813,2862],{"class":71},[53,78815,81],{"class":67},[53,78817,2857],{"class":71},[53,78819,62819],{"class":75},[53,78821,2862],{"class":71},[53,78823,81],{"class":67},[53,78825,2857],{"class":71},[53,78827,11296],{"class":75},[53,78829,2862],{"class":71},[53,78831,101],{"class":67},[1418,78833,78835,78836,78838],{"id":78834},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78837,14392],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78840,78841,78842,37],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78843,14392],{},[20,78845,78846,78847,78849],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78848,63844],{}," will not do that:",[44,78851,78853],{"className":46,"code":78852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78854,78855,78887,78905,78909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78856,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78858,3631],{"class":59},[53,78860,64],{"class":63},[53,78862,68],{"class":67},[53,78864,72],{"class":71},[53,78866,87],{"class":75},[53,78868,72],{"class":71},[53,78870,81],{"class":67},[53,78872,84],{"class":71},[53,78874,37900],{"class":75},[53,78876,72],{"class":71},[53,78878,81],{"class":67},[53,78880,84],{"class":71},[53,78882,76],{"class":75},[53,78884,72],{"class":71},[53,78886,101],{"class":67},[53,78888,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78890,3672],{"class":59},[53,78892,37],{"class":67},[53,78894,34345],{"class":117},[53,78896,121],{"class":67},[53,78898,14392],{"class":8726},[53,78900,64],{"class":63},[53,78902,10711],{"class":136},[53,78904,130],{"class":67},[53,78906,78907],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78908,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78910,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78912,137],{"class":136},[53,78914,121],{"class":67},[53,78916,3672],{"class":117},[53,78918,130],{"class":67},[1418,78920,78922],{"id":78921},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78924,78925],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[44,78927,78929],{"className":46,"code":78928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78930,78931,78965,78975,78979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78932,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956,78958,78961,78963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78934,3631],{"class":59},[53,78936,64],{"class":63},[53,78938,68],{"class":67},[53,78940,72],{"class":71},[53,78942,78943],{"class":75},"zebra",[53,78945,72],{"class":71},[53,78947,81],{"class":67},[53,78949,84],{"class":71},[53,78951,57303],{"class":75},[53,78953,72],{"class":71},[53,78955,81],{"class":67},[53,78957,84],{"class":71},[53,78959,78960],{"class":75},"monkey",[53,78962,72],{"class":71},[53,78964,101],{"class":67},[53,78966,78967,78969,78971,78973],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78968,3672],{"class":59},[53,78970,37],{"class":67},[53,78972,34345],{"class":117},[53,78974,8192],{"class":67},[53,78976,78977],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,78978,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,78982,137],{"class":136},[53,78984,121],{"class":67},[53,78986,3672],{"class":117},[53,78988,130],{"class":67},[20,78990,388],{},[44,78992,78994],{"className":46,"code":78993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78995,78996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78999,1226],{"class":67},[53,79001,2862],{"class":71},[53,79003,57303],{"class":75},[53,79005,2862],{"class":71},[53,79007,81],{"class":67},[53,79009,2857],{"class":71},[53,79011,78960],{"class":75},[53,79013,2862],{"class":71},[53,79015,81],{"class":67},[53,79017,2857],{"class":71},[53,79019,78943],{"class":75},[53,79021,2862],{"class":71},[53,79023,101],{"class":67},[20,79025,152,79026,79028],{},[15,79027,77968],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1418,79030,60242],{"id":60241},[20,79032,79033],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,79035,79037],{"className":46,"code":79036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79038,79039,79049,79063,79077,79091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79040,79041,79043,79045,79047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79042,137],{"class":136},[53,79044,121],{"class":67},[53,79046,215],{"class":117},[53,79048,130],{"class":67},[53,79050,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79052,137],{"class":136},[53,79054,121],{"class":67},[53,79056,1321],{"class":1320},[53,79058,121],{"class":67},[53,79060,215],{"class":117},[53,79062,628],{"class":67},[53,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,79066,137],{"class":136},[53,79068,121],{"class":67},[53,79070,215],{"class":117},[53,79072,37],{"class":67},[53,79074,34345],{"class":117},[53,79076,6745],{"class":67},[53,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,79080,137],{"class":136},[53,79082,121],{"class":67},[53,79084,73897],{"class":136},[53,79086,121],{"class":67},[53,79088,215],{"class":117},[53,79090,628],{"class":67},[53,79092,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,79094,137],{"class":136},[53,79096,2546],{"class":67},[53,79098,1321],{"class":1320},[53,79100,121],{"class":67},[53,79102,22856],{"class":117},[53,79104,145],{"class":67},[53,79106,3438],{"class":1041},[53,79108,5513],{"class":117},[53,79110,1048],{"class":1041},[53,79112,1340],{"class":117},[53,79114,3449],{"class":67},[20,79116,10720],{},[173,79118,79119,79122,79125,79132,79138],{},[176,79120,79121],{},"What values are in the list",[176,79123,79124],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[176,79126,79127,79128,532,79130],{},"That ",[15,79129,63844],{},[15,79131,3338],{},[176,79133,79134,79135,79137],{},"Whether ",[15,79136,73807],{}," works better for your case",[176,79139,79140],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79142,79143,79144,79146],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79145,2565],{}," problems.",[39,79148,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,79150,1431,79152,55005],{"id":79151},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79153,77250],{},[20,79155,62135,79156,37],{},[15,79157,3338],{},[1418,79159,4731,79161,667,79163,1459],{"id":79160},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79162,63844],{},[15,79164,73807],{},[20,79166,79167,79169,79170,79172],{},[15,79168,63844],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79171,73807],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1418,79174,79176],{"id":79175},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79178,18242],{},[44,79180,79182],{"className":46,"code":79181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79183,79184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79185,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79187,215],{"class":59},[53,79189,37],{"class":67},[53,79191,34345],{"class":117},[53,79193,121],{"class":67},[53,79195,72960],{"class":8726},[53,79197,64],{"class":63},[53,79199,3167],{"class":3413},[53,79201,130],{"class":67},[1418,79203,79205],{"id":79204},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79207,18242],{},[44,79209,79211],{"className":46,"code":79210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79212,79213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79214,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79216,215],{"class":59},[53,79218,37],{"class":67},[53,79220,34345],{"class":117},[53,79222,121],{"class":67},[53,79224,14392],{"class":8726},[53,79226,64],{"class":63},[53,79228,3005],{"class":1320},[53,79230,37],{"class":67},[53,79232,8189],{"class":1223},[53,79234,130],{"class":67},[20,79236,79237],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1418,79239,79241,79242,79244],{"id":79240},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79243,2565],{}," when sorting?",[20,79246,79247],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[39,79249,1471],{"id":1470},[173,79251,79252,79257,79263,79267],{},[176,79253,79254],{},[195,79255,79256],{"href":77759},"How to sort a list in Python",[176,79258,79259],{},[195,79260,3138,79261,5335],{"href":73904},[15,79262,73807],{},[176,79264,79265],{},[195,79266,66460],{"href":50522},[176,79268,79269],{},[195,79270,78509],{"href":78508},[1494,79272,79273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":79275},[79276,79277,79279,79280,79281,79282,79284,79286,79297,79307],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":77316,"depth":104,"text":79278},"What list.sort() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":77571,"depth":104,"text":77572},{"id":77763,"depth":104,"text":77764},{"id":78085,"depth":104,"text":79283},"Using the key argument",{"id":78350,"depth":104,"text":79285},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":79287},[79288,79290,79291,79293,79295,79296],{"id":78519,"depth":133,"text":79289},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78628,"depth":133,"text":78629},{"id":78680,"depth":133,"text":79292},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78834,"depth":133,"text":79294},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78921,"depth":133,"text":78922},{"id":60241,"depth":133,"text":60242},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":79298},[79299,79301,79303,79304,79305],{"id":79151,"depth":133,"text":79300},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79160,"depth":133,"text":79302},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79175,"depth":133,"text":79176},{"id":79204,"depth":133,"text":79205},{"id":79240,"depth":133,"text":79306},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77238,"description":79308},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79315,"title":79316,"body":79317,"description":81948,"extension":1524,"meta":81949,"navigation":372,"path":81950,"seo":81951,"stem":81952,"__hash__":81953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79318,"toc":81907},[79319,79324,79329,79332,79343,79346,79366,79368,79430,79432,79473,79482,79487,79492,79498,79509,79511,79530,79533,79538,79543,79545,79550,79564,79566,79584,79587,79604,79607,79613,79636,79641,79643,79646,79707,79709,79742,79744,79783,79791,79801,79807,79812,79905,79907,79931,79933,79951,79954,79985,79991,79996,79999,80001,80126,80128,80152,80154,80173,80179,80185,80304,80306,80323,80330,80336,80341,80348,80354,80356,80413,80416,80437,80440,80443,80504,80506,80539,80543,80613,80615,80632,80636,80639,80714,80716,80753,80756,80759,80830,80832,80893,80898,80903,80906,80920,80922,80995,80997,81017,81020,81023,81080,81142,81145,81177,81180,81195,81200,81202,81208,81211,81267,81270,81272,81291,81295,81297,81341,81350,81352,81412,81416,81419,81421,81514,81516,81631,81635,81637,81711,81714,81717,81719,81724,81789,81791,81815,81825,81827,81833,81842,81851,81860,81866,81869,81873,81876,81878,81904],[10,79320,3138,79322,3142],{"id":79321},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79323,39258],{},[20,79325,3145,79326,79328],{},[15,79327,39258],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79330,79331],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[173,79333,79334,79337,79340],{},[176,79335,79336],{},"converting numbers to strings",[176,79338,79339],{},"changing strings to integers",[176,79341,79342],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79344,79345],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[173,79347,79348,79355,79361],{},[176,79349,79350,13604,79352,79354],{},[15,79351,39258],{},[30,79353,1112],{}," return a list in Python 3",[176,79356,79357,79358],{},"it returns a ",[30,79359,79360],{},"map object",[176,79362,79363,79364],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79365,24326],{},[39,79367,1566],{"id":1565},[44,79369,79371],{"className":46,"code":79370,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79372,79373,79397,79416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79376,326],{"class":59},[53,79378,64],{"class":63},[53,79380,68],{"class":67},[53,79382,517],{"class":333},[53,79384,81],{"class":67},[53,79386,790],{"class":333},[53,79388,81],{"class":67},[53,79390,1269],{"class":333},[53,79392,81],{"class":67},[53,79394,826],{"class":333},[53,79396,101],{"class":67},[53,79398,79399,79401,79403,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79400,351],{"class":59},[53,79402,64],{"class":63},[53,79404,79405],{"class":136}," map",[53,79407,121],{"class":67},[53,79409,3005],{"class":1320},[53,79411,81],{"class":67},[53,79413,356],{"class":117},[53,79415,130],{"class":67},[53,79417,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,79419,137],{"class":136},[53,79421,121],{"class":67},[53,79423,7643],{"class":1320},[53,79425,121],{"class":67},[53,79427,383],{"class":117},[53,79429,628],{"class":67},[20,79431,388],{},[44,79433,79435],{"className":46,"code":79434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79436,79437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79438,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79440,1226],{"class":67},[53,79442,2862],{"class":71},[53,79444,517],{"class":75},[53,79446,2862],{"class":71},[53,79448,81],{"class":67},[53,79450,2857],{"class":71},[53,79452,525],{"class":75},[53,79454,2862],{"class":71},[53,79456,81],{"class":67},[53,79458,2857],{"class":71},[53,79460,882],{"class":75},[53,79462,2862],{"class":71},[53,79464,81],{"class":67},[53,79466,2857],{"class":71},[53,79468,2062],{"class":75},[53,79470,2862],{"class":71},[53,79472,101],{"class":67},[20,79474,152,79475,79478,79479,79481],{},[15,79476,79477],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79480,24326],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[39,79483,163,79485,166],{"id":79484},"what-map-does",[15,79486,39258],{},[20,79488,79489,79491],{},[15,79490,39258],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79493,79494,79495,79497],{},"An ",[30,79496,3280],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[173,79499,79500,79502,79504,79506],{},[176,79501,37445],{},[176,79503,37448],{},[176,79505,37451],{},[176,79507,79508],{},"a range object",[20,79510,205],{},[44,79512,79514],{"className":46,"code":79513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79515,79516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79517,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79519,39401],{"class":136},[53,79521,121],{"class":67},[53,79523,37404],{"class":117},[53,79525,81],{"class":67},[53,79527,37409],{"class":117},[53,79529,130],{"class":67},[20,79531,79532],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79534,79535,79536,33286],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79537,79360],{},[20,79539,79540,79541,37],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[195,79542,4691],{"href":4690},[39,79544,202],{"id":201},[20,79546,79547,79549],{},[15,79548,39258],{}," needs at least two parts:",[173,79551,79552,79558],{},[176,79553,79554,79557],{},[30,79555,79556],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[176,79559,79560,79563],{},[30,79561,79562],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79565,3265],{},[44,79567,79568],{"className":46,"code":79513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,79569,79570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79571,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79573,39401],{"class":136},[53,79575,121],{"class":67},[53,79577,37404],{"class":117},[53,79579,81],{"class":67},[53,79581,37409],{"class":117},[53,79583,130],{"class":67},[20,79585,79586],{},"You can pass:",[173,79588,79589,79598,79601],{},[176,79590,79591,79592,891,79594,1754,79596],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79593,3005],{},[15,79595,1750],{},[15,79597,1580],{},[176,79599,79600],{},"your own custom function",[176,79602,79603],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79605,79606],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79608,79609,79610,79612],{},"You will often see ",[15,79611,39258],{}," used like this:",[44,79614,79616],{"className":46,"code":79615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79617,79618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79619,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79621,7643],{"class":1320},[53,79623,121],{"class":67},[53,79625,39401],{"class":136},[53,79627,121],{"class":67},[53,79629,37404],{"class":117},[53,79631,81],{"class":67},[53,79633,3446],{"class":117},[53,79635,628],{"class":67},[20,79637,6228,79638,79640],{},[15,79639,24326],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[39,79642,11025],{"id":11024},[20,79644,79645],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[44,79647,79649],{"className":46,"code":79648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79650,79651,79671,79689,79693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79652,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79654,326],{"class":59},[53,79656,64],{"class":63},[53,79658,68],{"class":67},[53,79660,334],{"class":333},[53,79662,81],{"class":67},[53,79664,339],{"class":333},[53,79666,81],{"class":67},[53,79668,344],{"class":333},[53,79670,101],{"class":67},[53,79672,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79674,351],{"class":59},[53,79676,64],{"class":63},[53,79678,79405],{"class":136},[53,79680,121],{"class":67},[53,79682,3005],{"class":1320},[53,79684,81],{"class":67},[53,79686,356],{"class":117},[53,79688,130],{"class":67},[53,79690,79691],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,79692,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,79694,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,79696,137],{"class":136},[53,79698,121],{"class":67},[53,79700,7643],{"class":1320},[53,79702,121],{"class":67},[53,79704,383],{"class":117},[53,79706,628],{"class":67},[20,79708,388],{},[44,79710,79712],{"className":46,"code":79711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79713,79714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79715,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79717,1226],{"class":67},[53,79719,2862],{"class":71},[53,79721,334],{"class":75},[53,79723,2862],{"class":71},[53,79725,81],{"class":67},[53,79727,2857],{"class":71},[53,79729,365],{"class":75},[53,79731,2862],{"class":71},[53,79733,81],{"class":67},[53,79735,2857],{"class":71},[53,79737,36384],{"class":75},[53,79739,2862],{"class":71},[53,79741,101],{"class":67},[20,79743,11234],{},[173,79745,79746,79751,79759,79767,79775],{},[176,79747,79748,79750],{},[15,79749,3209],{}," contains integers",[176,79752,79753,79756,79757],{},[15,79754,79755],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79758,47225],{},[176,79760,79761,41697,79764],{},[15,79762,79763],{},"str(10)",[15,79765,79766],{},"'10'",[176,79768,79769,41697,79772],{},[15,79770,79771],{},"str(20)",[15,79773,79774],{},"'20'",[176,79776,79777,41697,79780],{},[15,79778,79779],{},"str(30)",[15,79781,79782],{},"'30'",[20,79784,528,79785,79787,79788,79790],{},[15,79786,39258],{}," applies ",[15,79789,47225],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79792,79793,79794,79796,79797,37],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79795,24326],{}," better, see ",[195,79798,3138,79799,3071],{"href":64380},[15,79800,24326],{},[39,79802,664,79804,79806],{"id":79803},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79805,39258],{}," with your own function",[20,79808,15266,79809,79811],{},[15,79810,39258],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[44,79813,79815],{"className":46,"code":79814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79816,79817,79830,79840,79844,79868,79887,79891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79818,79819,79821,79824,79826,79828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79820,34397],{"class":1627},[53,79822,79823],{"class":34400}," double",[53,79825,121],{"class":67},[53,79827,1735],{"class":37206},[53,79829,7891],{"class":67},[53,79831,79832,79834,79836,79838],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79833,34408],{"class":1041},[53,79835,3441],{"class":59},[53,79837,39414],{"class":63},[53,79839,45133],{"class":333},[53,79841,79842],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,79843,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,79845,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864,79866],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,79847,326],{"class":59},[53,79849,64],{"class":63},[53,79851,68],{"class":67},[53,79853,517],{"class":333},[53,79855,81],{"class":67},[53,79857,790],{"class":333},[53,79859,81],{"class":67},[53,79861,1269],{"class":333},[53,79863,81],{"class":67},[53,79865,826],{"class":333},[53,79867,101],{"class":67},[53,79869,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79881,79883,79885],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,79871,351],{"class":59},[53,79873,64],{"class":63},[53,79875,79405],{"class":136},[53,79877,121],{"class":67},[53,79879,79880],{"class":117},"double",[53,79882,81],{"class":67},[53,79884,356],{"class":117},[53,79886,130],{"class":67},[53,79888,79889],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,79890,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,79892,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,79894,137],{"class":136},[53,79896,121],{"class":67},[53,79898,7643],{"class":1320},[53,79900,121],{"class":67},[53,79902,383],{"class":117},[53,79904,628],{"class":67},[20,79906,388],{},[44,79908,79909],{"className":46,"code":39427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,79910,79911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79912,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79914,1226],{"class":67},[53,79916,525],{"class":333},[53,79918,81],{"class":67},[53,79920,826],{"class":333},[53,79922,81],{"class":67},[53,79924,37187],{"class":333},[53,79926,81],{"class":67},[53,79928,5912],{"class":333},[53,79930,101],{"class":67},[20,79932,854],{},[173,79934,79935,79942,79948],{},[176,79936,79937,79939,79940],{},[15,79938,39258],{}," takes the function ",[15,79941,79880],{},[176,79943,79944,79945,79947],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79946,3209],{}," into that function",[176,79949,79950],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79952,79953],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[173,79955,79956,79963,79970,79978],{},[176,79957,79958,5624,79961],{},[15,79959,79960],{},"double(1)",[15,79962,525],{},[176,79964,79965,5624,79968],{},[15,79966,79967],{},"double(2)",[15,79969,2062],{},[176,79971,79972,5624,79975],{},[15,79973,79974],{},"double(3)",[15,79976,79977],{},"6",[176,79979,79980,5624,79983],{},[15,79981,79982],{},"double(4)",[15,79984,1905],{},[39,79986,664,79988,79990],{"id":79987},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79989,39258],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79992,79993,79995],{},[15,79994,39258],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79997,79998],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80000,316],{},[44,80002,80004],{"className":46,"code":80003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80005,80006,80023,80033,80037,80058,80079,80083,80108,80112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80007,80008,80010,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80009,34397],{"class":1627},[53,80011,80012],{"class":34400}," add_numbers",[53,80014,121],{"class":67},[53,80016,195],{"class":37206},[53,80018,81],{"class":67},[53,80020,2117],{"class":37206},[53,80022,7891],{"class":67},[53,80024,80025,80027,80029,80031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80026,34408],{"class":1041},[53,80028,44088],{"class":59},[53,80030,1622],{"class":63},[53,80032,35725],{"class":59},[53,80034,80035],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80036,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80038,80039,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80040,80041],{"class":59},"list1 ",[53,80043,64],{"class":63},[53,80045,68],{"class":67},[53,80047,517],{"class":333},[53,80049,81],{"class":67},[53,80051,790],{"class":333},[53,80053,81],{"class":67},[53,80055,1269],{"class":333},[53,80057,101],{"class":67},[53,80059,80060,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,80061,80062],{"class":59},"list2 ",[53,80064,64],{"class":63},[53,80066,68],{"class":67},[53,80068,334],{"class":333},[53,80070,81],{"class":67},[53,80072,339],{"class":333},[53,80074,81],{"class":67},[53,80076,344],{"class":333},[53,80078,101],{"class":67},[53,80080,80081],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,80082,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80084,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80096,80098,80101,80103,80106],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,80086,351],{"class":59},[53,80088,64],{"class":63},[53,80090,79405],{"class":136},[53,80092,121],{"class":67},[53,80094,80095],{"class":117},"add_numbers",[53,80097,81],{"class":67},[53,80099,80100],{"class":117}," list1",[53,80102,81],{"class":67},[53,80104,80105],{"class":117}," list2",[53,80107,130],{"class":67},[53,80109,80110],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,80111,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80113,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,80115,137],{"class":136},[53,80117,121],{"class":67},[53,80119,7643],{"class":1320},[53,80121,121],{"class":67},[53,80123,383],{"class":117},[53,80125,628],{"class":67},[20,80127,388],{},[44,80129,80131],{"className":46,"code":80130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80132,80133],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80134,80135,80137,80140,80142,80145,80147,80150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80136,1226],{"class":67},[53,80138,80139],{"class":333},"11",[53,80141,81],{"class":67},[53,80143,80144],{"class":333}," 22",[53,80146,81],{"class":67},[53,80148,80149],{"class":333}," 33",[53,80151,101],{"class":67},[20,80153,1740],{},[173,80155,80156,80162,80168],{},[176,80157,80158,80159],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80160,80161],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[176,80163,80164,80165],{},"then ",[15,80166,80167],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[176,80169,80164,80170],{},[15,80171,80172],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1418,80174,80176,80178],{"id":80175},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80177,39258],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80180,80181,80182,80184],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80183,39258],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[44,80186,80188],{"className":46,"code":80187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80189,80190,80206,80216,80220,80244,80260,80264,80286,80290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80191,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80193,34397],{"class":1627},[53,80195,80012],{"class":34400},[53,80197,121],{"class":67},[53,80199,195],{"class":37206},[53,80201,81],{"class":67},[53,80203,2117],{"class":37206},[53,80205,7891],{"class":67},[53,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80209,34408],{"class":1041},[53,80211,44088],{"class":59},[53,80213,1622],{"class":63},[53,80215,35725],{"class":59},[53,80217,80218],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80219,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80221,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236,80238,80240,80242],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80223,80041],{"class":59},[53,80225,64],{"class":63},[53,80227,68],{"class":67},[53,80229,517],{"class":333},[53,80231,81],{"class":67},[53,80233,790],{"class":333},[53,80235,81],{"class":67},[53,80237,1269],{"class":333},[53,80239,81],{"class":67},[53,80241,826],{"class":333},[53,80243,101],{"class":67},[53,80245,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,80247,80062],{"class":59},[53,80249,64],{"class":63},[53,80251,68],{"class":67},[53,80253,334],{"class":333},[53,80255,81],{"class":67},[53,80257,339],{"class":333},[53,80259,101],{"class":67},[53,80261,80262],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,80263,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80265,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,80267,351],{"class":59},[53,80269,64],{"class":63},[53,80271,79405],{"class":136},[53,80273,121],{"class":67},[53,80275,80095],{"class":117},[53,80277,81],{"class":67},[53,80279,80100],{"class":117},[53,80281,81],{"class":67},[53,80283,80105],{"class":117},[53,80285,130],{"class":67},[53,80287,80288],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,80289,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,80293,137],{"class":136},[53,80295,121],{"class":67},[53,80297,7643],{"class":1320},[53,80299,121],{"class":67},[53,80301,383],{"class":117},[53,80303,628],{"class":67},[20,80305,388],{},[44,80307,80309],{"className":46,"code":80308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80310,80311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80312,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80314,1226],{"class":67},[53,80316,80139],{"class":333},[53,80318,81],{"class":67},[53,80320,80144],{"class":333},[53,80322,101],{"class":67},[20,80324,80325,80326,80329],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80327,80328],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[39,80331,80333,80335],{"id":80332},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80334,39258],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80337,37565,80338,80340],{},[15,80339,39258],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80342,80343,80344,80347],{},"This object is ",[30,80345,80346],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1418,80349,2046,80351,80353],{"id":80350},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80352,32572],{}," looks strange",[20,80355,33187],{},[44,80357,80359],{"className":46,"code":80358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80360,80361,80381,80399,80403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80364,326],{"class":59},[53,80366,64],{"class":63},[53,80368,68],{"class":67},[53,80370,517],{"class":333},[53,80372,81],{"class":67},[53,80374,790],{"class":333},[53,80376,81],{"class":67},[53,80378,1269],{"class":333},[53,80380,101],{"class":67},[53,80382,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80384,351],{"class":59},[53,80386,64],{"class":63},[53,80388,79405],{"class":136},[53,80390,121],{"class":67},[53,80392,3005],{"class":1320},[53,80394,81],{"class":67},[53,80396,356],{"class":117},[53,80398,130],{"class":67},[53,80400,80401],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80402,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80404,80405,80407,80409,80411],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80406,137],{"class":136},[53,80408,121],{"class":67},[53,80410,383],{"class":117},[53,80412,130],{"class":67},[20,80414,80415],{},"Output will look something like this:",[44,80417,80419],{"className":46,"code":80418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80420,80421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80422,80423,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80424,2851],{"class":63},[53,80426,39401],{"class":136},[53,80428,24163],{"class":1320},[53,80430,36907],{"class":59},[53,80432,36911],{"class":36910},[53,80434,36914],{"class":33998},[53,80436,2865],{"class":63},[20,80438,80439],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80441,80442],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[44,80444,80446],{"className":46,"code":80445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80447,80448,80468,80486,80490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80449,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462,80464,80466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80451,326],{"class":59},[53,80453,64],{"class":63},[53,80455,68],{"class":67},[53,80457,517],{"class":333},[53,80459,81],{"class":67},[53,80461,790],{"class":333},[53,80463,81],{"class":67},[53,80465,1269],{"class":333},[53,80467,101],{"class":67},[53,80469,80470,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80471,351],{"class":59},[53,80473,64],{"class":63},[53,80475,79405],{"class":136},[53,80477,121],{"class":67},[53,80479,3005],{"class":1320},[53,80481,81],{"class":67},[53,80483,356],{"class":117},[53,80485,130],{"class":67},[53,80487,80488],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80489,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80491,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80493,137],{"class":136},[53,80495,121],{"class":67},[53,80497,7643],{"class":1320},[53,80499,121],{"class":67},[53,80501,383],{"class":117},[53,80503,628],{"class":67},[20,80505,388],{},[44,80507,80509],{"className":46,"code":80508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80510,80511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80512,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80514,1226],{"class":67},[53,80516,2862],{"class":71},[53,80518,517],{"class":75},[53,80520,2862],{"class":71},[53,80522,81],{"class":67},[53,80524,2857],{"class":71},[53,80526,525],{"class":75},[53,80528,2862],{"class":71},[53,80530,81],{"class":67},[53,80532,2857],{"class":71},[53,80534,882],{"class":75},[53,80536,2862],{"class":71},[53,80538,101],{"class":67},[1418,80540,80542],{"id":80541},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[44,80544,80546],{"className":46,"code":80545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80547,80548,80568,80586,80590,80603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80549,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80551,326],{"class":59},[53,80553,64],{"class":63},[53,80555,68],{"class":67},[53,80557,517],{"class":333},[53,80559,81],{"class":67},[53,80561,790],{"class":333},[53,80563,81],{"class":67},[53,80565,1269],{"class":333},[53,80567,101],{"class":67},[53,80569,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80571,351],{"class":59},[53,80573,64],{"class":63},[53,80575,79405],{"class":136},[53,80577,121],{"class":67},[53,80579,3005],{"class":1320},[53,80581,81],{"class":67},[53,80583,356],{"class":117},[53,80585,130],{"class":67},[53,80587,80588],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80589,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80591,80592,80594,80596,80598,80601],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80593,5510],{"class":1041},[53,80595,5513],{"class":59},[53,80597,1048],{"class":1041},[53,80599,80600],{"class":59}," result",[53,80602,1053],{"class":67},[53,80604,80605,80607,80609,80611],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,80606,1058],{"class":136},[53,80608,121],{"class":67},[53,80610,22856],{"class":117},[53,80612,130],{"class":67},[20,80614,388],{},[44,80616,80618],{"className":46,"code":80617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80619,80620,80624,80628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80621,80622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80623,391],{"class":333},[53,80625,80626],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80627,490],{"class":333},[53,80629,80630],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80631,847],{"class":333},[1418,80633,80635],{"id":80634},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80637,80638],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[44,80640,80642],{"className":46,"code":80641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80643,80644,80664,80682,80686,80700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80645,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80647,326],{"class":59},[53,80649,64],{"class":63},[53,80651,68],{"class":67},[53,80653,517],{"class":333},[53,80655,81],{"class":67},[53,80657,790],{"class":333},[53,80659,81],{"class":67},[53,80661,1269],{"class":333},[53,80663,101],{"class":67},[53,80665,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80667,351],{"class":59},[53,80669,64],{"class":63},[53,80671,79405],{"class":136},[53,80673,121],{"class":67},[53,80675,3005],{"class":1320},[53,80677,81],{"class":67},[53,80679,356],{"class":117},[53,80681,130],{"class":67},[53,80683,80684],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80685,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80687,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80689,137],{"class":136},[53,80691,121],{"class":67},[53,80693,7643],{"class":1320},[53,80695,121],{"class":67},[53,80697,383],{"class":117},[53,80699,628],{"class":67},[53,80701,80702,80704,80706,80708,80710,80712],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,80703,137],{"class":136},[53,80705,121],{"class":67},[53,80707,7643],{"class":1320},[53,80709,121],{"class":67},[53,80711,383],{"class":117},[53,80713,628],{"class":67},[20,80715,388],{},[44,80717,80719],{"className":46,"code":80718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80720,80721,80749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80722,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80724,1226],{"class":67},[53,80726,2862],{"class":71},[53,80728,517],{"class":75},[53,80730,2862],{"class":71},[53,80732,81],{"class":67},[53,80734,2857],{"class":71},[53,80736,525],{"class":75},[53,80738,2862],{"class":71},[53,80740,81],{"class":67},[53,80742,2857],{"class":71},[53,80744,882],{"class":75},[53,80746,2862],{"class":71},[53,80748,101],{"class":67},[53,80750,80751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80752,37839],{"class":67},[20,80754,80755],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80757,80758],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[44,80760,80762],{"className":46,"code":80761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80763,80764,80784,80806,80810,80820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80765,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80767,326],{"class":59},[53,80769,64],{"class":63},[53,80771,68],{"class":67},[53,80773,517],{"class":333},[53,80775,81],{"class":67},[53,80777,790],{"class":333},[53,80779,81],{"class":67},[53,80781,1269],{"class":333},[53,80783,101],{"class":67},[53,80785,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80787,351],{"class":59},[53,80789,64],{"class":63},[53,80791,22105],{"class":1320},[53,80793,121],{"class":67},[53,80795,39401],{"class":136},[53,80797,121],{"class":67},[53,80799,3005],{"class":1320},[53,80801,81],{"class":67},[53,80803,356],{"class":117},[53,80805,628],{"class":67},[53,80807,80808],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80809,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80811,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80813,137],{"class":136},[53,80815,121],{"class":67},[53,80817,383],{"class":117},[53,80819,130],{"class":67},[53,80821,80822,80824,80826,80828],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,80823,137],{"class":136},[53,80825,121],{"class":67},[53,80827,383],{"class":117},[53,80829,130],{"class":67},[20,80831,388],{},[44,80833,80835],{"className":46,"code":80834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80836,80837,80865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80838,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80840,1226],{"class":67},[53,80842,2862],{"class":71},[53,80844,517],{"class":75},[53,80846,2862],{"class":71},[53,80848,81],{"class":67},[53,80850,2857],{"class":71},[53,80852,525],{"class":75},[53,80854,2862],{"class":71},[53,80856,81],{"class":67},[53,80858,2857],{"class":71},[53,80860,882],{"class":75},[53,80862,2862],{"class":71},[53,80864,101],{"class":67},[53,80866,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80868,1226],{"class":67},[53,80870,2862],{"class":71},[53,80872,517],{"class":75},[53,80874,2862],{"class":71},[53,80876,81],{"class":67},[53,80878,2857],{"class":71},[53,80880,525],{"class":75},[53,80882,2862],{"class":71},[53,80884,81],{"class":67},[53,80886,2857],{"class":71},[53,80888,882],{"class":75},[53,80890,2862],{"class":71},[53,80892,101],{"class":67},[39,80894,1391,80896],{"id":80895},"when-to-use-map",[15,80897,39258],{},[20,80899,80900,80902],{},[15,80901,39258],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80904,80905],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[173,80907,80908,80912,80916],{},[176,80909,80910],{},[15,80911,3005],{},[176,80913,80914],{},[15,80915,1750],{},[176,80917,80918],{},[15,80919,1580],{},[20,80921,316],{},[44,80923,80925],{"className":46,"code":80924,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80926,80927,80959,80981,80985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80928,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80930,3383],{"class":59},[53,80932,64],{"class":63},[53,80934,68],{"class":67},[53,80936,2862],{"class":71},[53,80938,517],{"class":75},[53,80940,2862],{"class":71},[53,80942,81],{"class":67},[53,80944,2857],{"class":71},[53,80946,525],{"class":75},[53,80948,2862],{"class":71},[53,80950,81],{"class":67},[53,80952,2857],{"class":71},[53,80954,882],{"class":75},[53,80956,2862],{"class":71},[53,80958,101],{"class":67},[53,80960,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80962,326],{"class":59},[53,80964,64],{"class":63},[53,80966,22105],{"class":1320},[53,80968,121],{"class":67},[53,80970,39401],{"class":136},[53,80972,121],{"class":67},[53,80974,1750],{"class":1320},[53,80976,81],{"class":67},[53,80978,3446],{"class":117},[53,80980,628],{"class":67},[53,80982,80983],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,80984,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,80986,80987,80989,80991,80993],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,80988,137],{"class":136},[53,80990,121],{"class":67},[53,80992,3209],{"class":117},[53,80994,130],{"class":67},[20,80996,388],{},[44,80998,80999],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81000,81001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81004,1226],{"class":67},[53,81006,517],{"class":333},[53,81008,81],{"class":67},[53,81010,790],{"class":333},[53,81012,81],{"class":67},[53,81014,1269],{"class":333},[53,81016,101],{"class":67},[20,81018,81019],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81021,81022],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[44,81024,81026],{"className":46,"code":81025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81027,81028,81048,81070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81029,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81031,326],{"class":59},[53,81033,64],{"class":63},[53,81035,68],{"class":67},[53,81037,517],{"class":333},[53,81039,81],{"class":67},[53,81041,790],{"class":333},[53,81043,81],{"class":67},[53,81045,1269],{"class":333},[53,81047,101],{"class":67},[53,81049,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81051,351],{"class":59},[53,81053,64],{"class":63},[53,81055,22105],{"class":1320},[53,81057,121],{"class":67},[53,81059,39401],{"class":136},[53,81061,121],{"class":67},[53,81063,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81065,81],{"class":67},[53,81067,356],{"class":117},[53,81069,628],{"class":67},[53,81071,81072,81074,81076,81078],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81073,137],{"class":136},[53,81075,121],{"class":67},[53,81077,383],{"class":117},[53,81079,130],{"class":67},[44,81081,81083],{"className":46,"code":81082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81084,81085,81105,81132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81086,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81088,326],{"class":59},[53,81090,64],{"class":63},[53,81092,68],{"class":67},[53,81094,517],{"class":333},[53,81096,81],{"class":67},[53,81098,790],{"class":333},[53,81100,81],{"class":67},[53,81102,1269],{"class":333},[53,81104,101],{"class":67},[53,81106,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81126,81128,81130],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81108,351],{"class":59},[53,81110,64],{"class":63},[53,81112,68],{"class":67},[53,81114,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81116,121],{"class":67},[53,81118,75413],{"class":117},[53,81120,145],{"class":67},[53,81122,3438],{"class":1041},[53,81124,81125],{"class":59}," n ",[53,81127,1048],{"class":1041},[53,81129,356],{"class":59},[53,81131,101],{"class":67},[53,81133,81134,81136,81138,81140],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81135,137],{"class":136},[53,81137,121],{"class":67},[53,81139,383],{"class":117},[53,81141,130],{"class":67},[20,81143,81144],{},"Both produce:",[44,81146,81147],{"className":46,"code":80508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81148,81149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81150,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81152,1226],{"class":67},[53,81154,2862],{"class":71},[53,81156,517],{"class":75},[53,81158,2862],{"class":71},[53,81160,81],{"class":67},[53,81162,2857],{"class":71},[53,81164,525],{"class":75},[53,81166,2862],{"class":71},[53,81168,81],{"class":67},[53,81170,2857],{"class":71},[53,81172,882],{"class":75},[53,81174,2862],{"class":71},[53,81176,101],{"class":67},[20,81178,81179],{},"A simple rule:",[173,81181,81182,81187,81192],{},[176,81183,39532,81184,81186],{},[15,81185,39258],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[176,81188,39538,81189,81191],{},[15,81190,5510],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[176,81193,81194],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81196,81197,81198,37],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[195,81199,3951],{"href":3950},[39,81201,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,81203,81205,81206],{"id":81204},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81207,24326],{},[20,81209,81210],{},"This is very common:",[44,81212,81213],{"className":46,"code":80358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81214,81215,81235,81253,81257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81216,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81218,326],{"class":59},[53,81220,64],{"class":63},[53,81222,68],{"class":67},[53,81224,517],{"class":333},[53,81226,81],{"class":67},[53,81228,790],{"class":333},[53,81230,81],{"class":67},[53,81232,1269],{"class":333},[53,81234,101],{"class":67},[53,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81238,351],{"class":59},[53,81240,64],{"class":63},[53,81242,79405],{"class":136},[53,81244,121],{"class":67},[53,81246,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81248,81],{"class":67},[53,81250,356],{"class":117},[53,81252,130],{"class":67},[53,81254,81255],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81256,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81260,137],{"class":136},[53,81262,121],{"class":67},[53,81264,383],{"class":117},[53,81266,130],{"class":67},[20,81268,81269],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81271,38804],{},[44,81273,81275],{"className":46,"code":81274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81276,81277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81278,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81280,137],{"class":136},[53,81282,121],{"class":67},[53,81284,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81286,121],{"class":67},[53,81288,383],{"class":117},[53,81290,628],{"class":67},[1418,81292,81294],{"id":81293},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81296,1209],{},[44,81298,81300],{"className":46,"code":81299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81301,81302,81322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81303,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81305,326],{"class":59},[53,81307,64],{"class":63},[53,81309,68],{"class":67},[53,81311,517],{"class":333},[53,81313,81],{"class":67},[53,81315,790],{"class":333},[53,81317,81],{"class":67},[53,81319,1269],{"class":333},[53,81321,101],{"class":67},[53,81323,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81337,81339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81325,351],{"class":59},[53,81327,64],{"class":63},[53,81329,79405],{"class":136},[53,81331,121],{"class":67},[53,81333,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81335,81336],{"class":67},"(),",[53,81338,356],{"class":117},[53,81340,130],{"class":67},[20,81342,81343,81344,81346,81347,81349],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81345,47225],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81348,39258],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81351,1183],{},[44,81353,81354],{"className":46,"code":80445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81355,81356,81376,81394,81398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81357,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81359,326],{"class":59},[53,81361,64],{"class":63},[53,81363,68],{"class":67},[53,81365,517],{"class":333},[53,81367,81],{"class":67},[53,81369,790],{"class":333},[53,81371,81],{"class":67},[53,81373,1269],{"class":333},[53,81375,101],{"class":67},[53,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81379,351],{"class":59},[53,81381,64],{"class":63},[53,81383,79405],{"class":136},[53,81385,121],{"class":67},[53,81387,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81389,81],{"class":67},[53,81391,356],{"class":117},[53,81393,130],{"class":67},[53,81395,81396],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81397,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81399,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81401,137],{"class":136},[53,81403,121],{"class":67},[53,81405,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81407,121],{"class":67},[53,81409,383],{"class":117},[53,81411,628],{"class":67},[1418,81413,81415],{"id":81414},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81417,81418],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81420,1209],{},[44,81422,81424],{"className":46,"code":81423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81425,81426,81443,81453,81457,81477,81496,81500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81427,81428,81430,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81429,34397],{"class":1627},[53,81431,81432],{"class":34400}," add",[53,81434,121],{"class":67},[53,81436,195],{"class":37206},[53,81438,81],{"class":67},[53,81440,2117],{"class":37206},[53,81442,7891],{"class":67},[53,81444,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81446,34408],{"class":1041},[53,81448,44088],{"class":59},[53,81450,1622],{"class":63},[53,81452,35725],{"class":59},[53,81454,81455],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81456,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81458,81459,81461,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81460,326],{"class":59},[53,81462,64],{"class":63},[53,81464,68],{"class":67},[53,81466,517],{"class":333},[53,81468,81],{"class":67},[53,81470,790],{"class":333},[53,81472,81],{"class":67},[53,81474,1269],{"class":333},[53,81476,101],{"class":67},[53,81478,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487,81490,81492,81494],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,81480,351],{"class":59},[53,81482,64],{"class":63},[53,81484,79405],{"class":136},[53,81486,121],{"class":67},[53,81488,81489],{"class":117},"add",[53,81491,81],{"class":67},[53,81493,356],{"class":117},[53,81495,130],{"class":67},[53,81497,81498],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,81499,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,81503,137],{"class":136},[53,81505,121],{"class":67},[53,81507,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81509,121],{"class":67},[53,81511,383],{"class":117},[53,81513,628],{"class":67},[20,81515,1183],{},[44,81517,81519],{"className":46,"code":81518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81520,81521,81537,81547,81551,81571,81591,81613,81617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81524,34397],{"class":1627},[53,81526,81432],{"class":34400},[53,81528,121],{"class":67},[53,81530,195],{"class":37206},[53,81532,81],{"class":67},[53,81534,2117],{"class":37206},[53,81536,7891],{"class":67},[53,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81540,34408],{"class":1041},[53,81542,44088],{"class":59},[53,81544,1622],{"class":63},[53,81546,35725],{"class":59},[53,81548,81549],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81550,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81554,80041],{"class":59},[53,81556,64],{"class":63},[53,81558,68],{"class":67},[53,81560,517],{"class":333},[53,81562,81],{"class":67},[53,81564,790],{"class":333},[53,81566,81],{"class":67},[53,81568,1269],{"class":333},[53,81570,101],{"class":67},[53,81572,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,81574,80062],{"class":59},[53,81576,64],{"class":63},[53,81578,68],{"class":67},[53,81580,334],{"class":333},[53,81582,81],{"class":67},[53,81584,339],{"class":333},[53,81586,81],{"class":67},[53,81588,344],{"class":333},[53,81590,101],{"class":67},[53,81592,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,81594,351],{"class":59},[53,81596,64],{"class":63},[53,81598,79405],{"class":136},[53,81600,121],{"class":67},[53,81602,81489],{"class":117},[53,81604,81],{"class":67},[53,81606,80100],{"class":117},[53,81608,81],{"class":67},[53,81610,80105],{"class":117},[53,81612,130],{"class":67},[53,81614,81615],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,81616,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81618,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,81620,137],{"class":136},[53,81622,121],{"class":67},[53,81624,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81626,121],{"class":67},[53,81628,383],{"class":117},[53,81630,628],{"class":67},[1418,81632,81634],{"id":81633},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81636,1209],{},[44,81638,81639],{"className":46,"code":80641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81640,81641,81661,81679,81683,81697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81644,326],{"class":59},[53,81646,64],{"class":63},[53,81648,68],{"class":67},[53,81650,517],{"class":333},[53,81652,81],{"class":67},[53,81654,790],{"class":333},[53,81656,81],{"class":67},[53,81658,1269],{"class":333},[53,81660,101],{"class":67},[53,81662,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81664,351],{"class":59},[53,81666,64],{"class":63},[53,81668,79405],{"class":136},[53,81670,121],{"class":67},[53,81672,3005],{"class":1320},[53,81674,81],{"class":67},[53,81676,356],{"class":117},[53,81678,130],{"class":67},[53,81680,81681],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81682,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,81684,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81686,137],{"class":136},[53,81688,121],{"class":67},[53,81690,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81692,121],{"class":67},[53,81694,383],{"class":117},[53,81696,628],{"class":67},[53,81698,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,81700,137],{"class":136},[53,81702,121],{"class":67},[53,81704,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81706,121],{"class":67},[53,81708,383],{"class":117},[53,81710,628],{"class":67},[20,81712,81713],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81715,81716],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[39,81718,67278],{"id":67277},[20,81720,8425,81721,81723],{},[15,81722,39258],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,81725,81727],{"className":46,"code":81726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81728,81729,81739,81753,81767,81779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81730,81731,81733,81735,81737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81732,137],{"class":136},[53,81734,121],{"class":67},[53,81736,383],{"class":117},[53,81738,130],{"class":67},[53,81740,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81742,137],{"class":136},[53,81744,121],{"class":67},[53,81746,7643],{"class":1320},[53,81748,121],{"class":67},[53,81750,383],{"class":117},[53,81752,628],{"class":67},[53,81754,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,81756,137],{"class":136},[53,81758,121],{"class":67},[53,81760,1321],{"class":1320},[53,81762,121],{"class":67},[53,81764,383],{"class":117},[53,81766,628],{"class":67},[53,81768,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,81770,5510],{"class":1041},[53,81772,5513],{"class":59},[53,81774,1048],{"class":1041},[53,81776,80600],{"class":59},[53,81778,1053],{"class":67},[53,81780,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,81782,1058],{"class":136},[53,81784,121],{"class":67},[53,81786,22856],{"class":117},[53,81788,130],{"class":67},[20,81790,12224],{},[173,81792,81793,81798,81803,81809],{},[176,81794,81795,81797],{},[15,81796,32572],{}," shows that you have a map object",[176,81799,81800,81802],{},[15,81801,32580],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[176,81804,81805,81808],{},[15,81806,81807],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[176,81810,81811,81812,81814],{},"looping over ",[15,81813,383],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81816,81817,81818,81821,81822,81824],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81819,81820],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81823,5510],{}," loop consume the map object.",[39,81826,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,81828,1431,81830,81832],{"id":81829},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81831,39258],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81834,81835,81836,81838,81839,23484],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81837,39258],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81840,81841],{},"list(map(...))",[1418,81843,14454,81845,81847,81848,81850],{"id":81844},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81846,39258],{}," better than a ",[15,81849,5510],{}," loop?",[20,81852,81853,81854,81856,81857,81859],{},"Not always. ",[15,81855,39258],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81858,5510],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1418,81861,1446,81863,81865],{"id":81862},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81864,39258],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81867,81868],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1418,81870,81872],{"id":81871},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81874,81875],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[39,81877,1471],{"id":1470},[173,81879,81880,81886,81892,81896,81900],{},[176,81881,81882],{},[195,81883,3138,81884,3071],{"href":39627},[15,81885,37119],{},[176,81887,81888],{},[195,81889,3138,81890,3071],{"href":64380},[15,81891,24326],{},[176,81893,81894],{},[195,81895,4773],{"href":4686},[176,81897,81898],{},[195,81899,4778],{"href":3950},[176,81901,81902],{},[195,81903,4768],{"href":4690},[1494,81905,81906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":81908},[81909,81910,81912,81913,81914,81916,81921,81928,81930,81937,81938,81947],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":79484,"depth":104,"text":81911},"What map() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":79803,"depth":104,"text":81915},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79987,"depth":104,"text":81917,"children":81918},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81919],{"id":80175,"depth":133,"text":81920},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80332,"depth":104,"text":81922,"children":81923},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81924,81926,81927],{"id":80350,"depth":133,"text":81925},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80541,"depth":133,"text":80542},{"id":80634,"depth":133,"text":80635},{"id":80895,"depth":104,"text":81929},"When to use map()",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":81931},[81932,81934,81935,81936],{"id":81204,"depth":133,"text":81933},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81293,"depth":133,"text":81294},{"id":81414,"depth":133,"text":81415},{"id":81633,"depth":133,"text":81634},{"id":67277,"depth":104,"text":67278},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":81939},[81940,81942,81944,81946],{"id":81829,"depth":133,"text":81941},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81844,"depth":133,"text":81943},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81862,"depth":133,"text":81945},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81871,"depth":133,"text":81872},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79316,"description":81948},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81955,"title":81956,"body":81957,"description":83977,"extension":1524,"meta":83978,"navigation":372,"path":83979,"seo":83980,"stem":83981,"__hash__":83982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81958,"toc":83935},[81959,81965,81970,81973,81981,81984,81986,82110,82112,82130,82132,82152,82157,82161,82175,82178,82181,82183,82188,82300,82303,82321,82327,82330,82392,82394,82403,82406,82420,82422,82470,82472,82481,82491,82497,82500,82527,82529,82537,82540,82543,82613,82615,82623,82626,82631,82636,82687,82689,82697,82700,82702,82719,82721,82773,82776,82782,82786,82791,82794,82798,82857,82859,82868,82874,82883,82887,82950,82952,82960,82965,82969,82974,83054,83056,83065,83072,83077,83082,83085,83120,83122,83130,83133,83139,83141,83191,83193,83202,83205,83223,83225,83230,83236,83243,83270,83272,83295,83300,83335,83340,83346,83351,83394,83397,83400,83439,83446,83452,83457,83472,83476,83483,83486,83490,83495,83499,83504,83506,83567,83569,83598,83603,83610,83619,83621,83624,83649,83651,83754,83757,83775,83784,83786,83791,83794,83800,83803,83805,83815,83821,83825,83883,83890,83898,83900,83932],[10,81960,3138,81962,3142],{"id":81961},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81963,81964],{},"max()",[20,81966,8673,81967,81969],{},[15,81968,81964],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81971,81972],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[173,81974,81975,81978],{},[176,81976,81977],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[176,81979,81980],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81982,81983],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[39,81985,1566],{"id":1565},[44,81987,81989],{"className":46,"code":81988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81990,81991,82015,82030,82034,82060,82064,82096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007,82009,82011,82013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81994,326],{"class":59},[53,81996,64],{"class":63},[53,81998,68],{"class":67},[53,82000,882],{"class":333},[53,82002,81],{"class":67},[53,82004,5912],{"class":333},[53,82006,81],{"class":67},[53,82008,790],{"class":333},[53,82010,81],{"class":67},[53,82012,4162],{"class":333},[53,82014,101],{"class":67},[53,82016,82017,82019,82021,82024,82026,82028],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82018,137],{"class":136},[53,82020,121],{"class":67},[53,82022,82023],{"class":136},"max",[53,82025,121],{"class":67},[53,82027,3209],{"class":117},[53,82029,628],{"class":67},[53,82031,82032],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,82033,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,82035,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,82037,137],{"class":136},[53,82039,121],{"class":67},[53,82041,82023],{"class":136},[53,82043,121],{"class":67},[53,82045,882],{"class":333},[53,82047,81],{"class":67},[53,82049,5912],{"class":333},[53,82051,81],{"class":67},[53,82053,790],{"class":333},[53,82055,81],{"class":67},[53,82057,4162],{"class":333},[53,82059,628],{"class":67},[53,82061,82062],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,82063,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,82067,3631],{"class":59},[53,82069,64],{"class":63},[53,82071,68],{"class":67},[53,82073,72],{"class":71},[53,82075,76],{"class":75},[53,82077,72],{"class":71},[53,82079,81],{"class":67},[53,82081,84],{"class":71},[53,82083,87],{"class":75},[53,82085,72],{"class":71},[53,82087,81],{"class":67},[53,82089,84],{"class":71},[53,82091,78127],{"class":75},[53,82093,72],{"class":71},[53,82095,101],{"class":67},[53,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,82099,137],{"class":136},[53,82101,121],{"class":67},[53,82103,82023],{"class":136},[53,82105,121],{"class":67},[53,82107,3672],{"class":117},[53,82109,628],{"class":67},[20,82111,388],{},[44,82113,82115],{"className":46,"code":82114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82116,82117,82121,82125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82118,82119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82120,1941],{"class":333},[53,82122,82123],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82124,1941],{"class":333},[53,82126,82127],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,82128,82129],{"class":59},"pear\n",[20,82131,19504],{},[173,82133,82134,82140,82146],{},[176,82135,82136,82139],{},[15,82137,82138],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[176,82141,82142,82145],{},[15,82143,82144],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[176,82147,82148,82151],{},[15,82149,82150],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[39,82153,163,82155,166],{"id":82154},"what-max-does",[15,82156,81964],{},[20,82158,82159,171],{},[15,82160,81964],{},[173,82162,82163,82166,82169,82172],{},[176,82164,82165],{},"Returns the largest item",[176,82167,82168],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[176,82170,82171],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[176,82173,82174],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82176,82177],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82179,82180],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[39,82182,202],{"id":201},[20,82184,82185,82186,171],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82187,81964],{},[44,82189,82191],{"className":46,"code":82190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82192,82193,82203,82227,82249,82272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82194,82195,82197,82199,82201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82196,82023],{"class":136},[53,82198,121],{"class":67},[53,82200,3280],{"class":117},[53,82202,130],{"class":67},[53,82204,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82216,82218,82220,82222,82225],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82206,82023],{"class":136},[53,82208,121],{"class":67},[53,82210,3280],{"class":117},[53,82212,81],{"class":67},[53,82214,82215],{"class":63}," *",[53,82217,81],{"class":67},[53,82219,21124],{"class":8726},[53,82221,64],{"class":63},[53,82223,82224],{"class":117},"func",[53,82226,130],{"class":67},[53,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,82230,82023],{"class":136},[53,82232,121],{"class":67},[53,82234,3280],{"class":117},[53,82236,81],{"class":67},[53,82238,82215],{"class":63},[53,82240,81],{"class":67},[53,82242,26068],{"class":8726},[53,82244,64],{"class":63},[53,82246,224],{"class":117},[53,82248,130],{"class":67},[53,82250,82251,82253,82255,82258,82260,82263,82265,82267,82270],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,82252,82023],{"class":136},[53,82254,121],{"class":67},[53,82256,82257],{"class":117},"arg1",[53,82259,81],{"class":67},[53,82261,82262],{"class":117}," arg2",[53,82264,81],{"class":67},[53,82266,82215],{"class":63},[53,82268,82269],{"class":117},"args",[53,82271,130],{"class":67},[53,82273,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,82275,82023],{"class":136},[53,82277,121],{"class":67},[53,82279,82257],{"class":117},[53,82281,81],{"class":67},[53,82283,82262],{"class":117},[53,82285,81],{"class":67},[53,82287,82215],{"class":63},[53,82289,82269],{"class":117},[53,82291,81],{"class":67},[53,82293,21124],{"class":8726},[53,82295,64],{"class":63},[53,82297,82224],{"class":117},[53,82299,130],{"class":67},[20,82301,82302],{},"The most important parts are:",[173,82304,82305,82310,82315],{},[176,82306,82307,82309],{},[15,82308,3280],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[176,82311,82312,82314],{},[15,82313,14392],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[176,82316,82317,82320],{},[15,82318,82319],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[39,82322,664,82324,82326],{"id":82323},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82325,81964],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82328,82329],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[44,82331,82333],{"className":46,"code":82332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82334,82335,82361,82377,82381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82338,4618],{"class":59},[53,82340,64],{"class":63},[53,82342,68],{"class":67},[53,82344,82345],{"class":333},"72",[53,82347,81],{"class":67},[53,82349,51053],{"class":333},[53,82351,81],{"class":67},[53,82353,13057],{"class":333},[53,82355,81],{"class":67},[53,82357,82358],{"class":333}," 66",[53,82360,101],{"class":67},[53,82362,82363,82366,82368,82371,82373,82375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82364,82365],{"class":59},"highest_score ",[53,82367,64],{"class":63},[53,82369,82370],{"class":136}," max",[53,82372,121],{"class":67},[53,82374,15940],{"class":117},[53,82376,130],{"class":67},[53,82378,82379],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,82380,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,82382,82383,82385,82387,82390],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,82384,137],{"class":136},[53,82386,121],{"class":67},[53,82388,82389],{"class":117},"highest_score",[53,82391,130],{"class":67},[20,82393,388],{},[44,82395,82397],{"className":46,"code":82396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"91\n",[15,82398,82399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82400,82401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82402,82396],{"class":333},[20,82404,82405],{},"This works well for:",[173,82407,82408,82411,82414,82417],{},[176,82409,82410],{},"Scores",[176,82412,82413],{},"Prices",[176,82415,82416],{},"Ages",[176,82418,82419],{},"Counts",[20,82421,51622],{},[44,82423,82425],{"className":46,"code":82424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82426,82427,82455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82428,82429,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82443,82445,82448,82450,82453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82430,82431],{"class":59},"prices ",[53,82433,64],{"class":63},[53,82435,68],{"class":67},[53,82437,39940],{"class":333},[53,82439,81],{"class":67},[53,82441,82442],{"class":333}," 5.50",[53,82444,81],{"class":67},[53,82446,82447],{"class":333}," 12.75",[53,82449,81],{"class":67},[53,82451,82452],{"class":333}," 29.00",[53,82454,101],{"class":67},[53,82456,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82468],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82458,137],{"class":136},[53,82460,121],{"class":67},[53,82462,82023],{"class":136},[53,82464,121],{"class":67},[53,82466,82467],{"class":117},"prices",[53,82469,628],{"class":67},[20,82471,388],{},[44,82473,82475],{"className":46,"code":82474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"29.0\n",[15,82476,82477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82478,82479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82480,82474],{"class":333},[20,82482,82483,82484,82486,82487,37],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82485,81964],{}," is simpler than ",[195,82488,82489],{"href":73904},[15,82490,73807],{},[39,82492,664,82494,82496],{"id":82493},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82495,81964],{}," with separate values",[20,82498,82499],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[44,82501,82503],{"className":46,"code":82502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82504,82505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82506,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82508,137],{"class":136},[53,82510,121],{"class":67},[53,82512,82023],{"class":136},[53,82514,121],{"class":67},[53,82516,2062],{"class":333},[53,82518,81],{"class":67},[53,82520,30487],{"class":333},[53,82522,81],{"class":67},[53,82524,5545],{"class":333},[53,82526,628],{"class":67},[20,82528,388],{},[44,82530,82531],{"className":46,"code":1786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82532,82533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82534,82535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82536,1786],{"class":333},[20,82538,82539],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82541,82542],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[44,82544,82546],{"className":46,"code":82545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82547,82548,82557,82565,82575,82579,82602],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82549,82550,82552,82554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82551,2112],{"class":59},[53,82553,64],{"class":63},[53,82555,82556],{"class":333}," 15\n",[53,82558,82559,82561,82563],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82560,2140],{"class":59},[53,82562,64],{"class":63},[53,82564,2327],{"class":333},[53,82566,82567,82570,82572],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,82568,82569],{"class":59},"c ",[53,82571,64],{"class":63},[53,82573,82574],{"class":333}," 27\n",[53,82576,82577],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,82578,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,82580,82581,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,82582,82583],{"class":59},"largest ",[53,82585,64],{"class":63},[53,82587,82370],{"class":136},[53,82589,121],{"class":67},[53,82591,195],{"class":117},[53,82593,81],{"class":67},[53,82595,2117],{"class":117},[53,82597,81],{"class":67},[53,82599,9233],{"class":117},[53,82601,130],{"class":67},[53,82603,82604,82606,82608,82611],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,82605,137],{"class":136},[53,82607,121],{"class":67},[53,82609,82610],{"class":117},"largest",[53,82612,130],{"class":67},[20,82614,388],{},[44,82616,82617],{"className":46,"code":46156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82618,82619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82620,82621],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82622,46156],{"class":333},[20,82624,82625],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[39,82627,664,82629,46601],{"id":82628},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82630,81964],{},[20,82632,82633,82635],{},[15,82634,81964],{}," can compare strings too.",[44,82637,82639],{"className":46,"code":82638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82640,82641,82673],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82642,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82644,3631],{"class":59},[53,82646,64],{"class":63},[53,82648,68],{"class":67},[53,82650,72],{"class":71},[53,82652,76],{"class":75},[53,82654,72],{"class":71},[53,82656,81],{"class":67},[53,82658,84],{"class":71},[53,82660,87],{"class":75},[53,82662,72],{"class":71},[53,82664,81],{"class":67},[53,82666,84],{"class":71},[53,82668,78127],{"class":75},[53,82670,72],{"class":71},[53,82672,101],{"class":67},[53,82674,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82676,137],{"class":136},[53,82678,121],{"class":67},[53,82680,82023],{"class":136},[53,82682,121],{"class":67},[53,82684,3672],{"class":117},[53,82686,628],{"class":67},[20,82688,388],{},[44,82690,82691],{"className":46,"code":82129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82692,82693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82694,82695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82696,82129],{"class":59},[20,82698,82699],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82701,67666],{},[173,82703,82704,82713,82716],{},[176,82705,82706,82709,82710,82712],{},[15,82707,82708],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82711,514],{}," alphabetically",[176,82714,82715],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[176,82717,82718],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82720,316],{},[44,82722,82724],{"className":46,"code":82723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82725,82726,82759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82727,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82729,3631],{"class":59},[53,82731,64],{"class":63},[53,82733,68],{"class":67},[53,82735,72],{"class":71},[53,82737,76],{"class":75},[53,82739,72],{"class":71},[53,82741,81],{"class":67},[53,82743,84],{"class":71},[53,82745,82746],{"class":75},"Banana",[53,82748,72],{"class":71},[53,82750,81],{"class":67},[53,82752,84],{"class":71},[53,82754,78127],{"class":75},[53,82756,72],{"class":71},[53,82758,101],{"class":67},[53,82760,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82762,137],{"class":136},[53,82764,121],{"class":67},[53,82766,82023],{"class":136},[53,82768,121],{"class":67},[53,82770,3672],{"class":117},[53,82772,628],{"class":67},[20,82774,82775],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82777,82778,82779,82781],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82780,14392],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[39,82783,36155,82784,36158],{"id":78085},[15,82785,14392],{},[20,82787,1541,82788,82790],{},[15,82789,14392],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82792,82793],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1418,82795,82797],{"id":82796},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[44,82799,82801],{"className":46,"code":82800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82802,82803,82835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82804,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82806,3631],{"class":59},[53,82808,64],{"class":63},[53,82810,68],{"class":67},[53,82812,72],{"class":71},[53,82814,36590],{"class":75},[53,82816,72],{"class":71},[53,82818,81],{"class":67},[53,82820,84],{"class":71},[53,82822,67709],{"class":75},[53,82824,72],{"class":71},[53,82826,81],{"class":67},[53,82828,84],{"class":71},[53,82830,57661],{"class":75},[53,82832,72],{"class":71},[53,82834,101],{"class":67},[53,82836,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82838,137],{"class":136},[53,82840,121],{"class":67},[53,82842,82023],{"class":136},[53,82844,121],{"class":67},[53,82846,3672],{"class":117},[53,82848,81],{"class":67},[53,82850,21124],{"class":8726},[53,82852,64],{"class":63},[53,82854,10711],{"class":136},[53,82856,628],{"class":67},[20,82858,388],{},[44,82860,82862],{"className":46,"code":82861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"elephant\n",[15,82863,82864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82865,82866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82867,82861],{"class":59},[20,82869,20318,82870,82873],{},[15,82871,82872],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82875,82876,82877,33173,82879,37],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82878,41903],{},[195,82880,82881,5335],{"href":41900},[15,82882,41903],{},[1418,82884,82886],{"id":82885},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[44,82888,82890],{"className":46,"code":82889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82891,82892,82924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82893,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82895,3631],{"class":59},[53,82897,64],{"class":63},[53,82899,68],{"class":67},[53,82901,72],{"class":71},[53,82903,76],{"class":75},[53,82905,72],{"class":71},[53,82907,81],{"class":67},[53,82909,84],{"class":71},[53,82911,82746],{"class":75},[53,82913,72],{"class":71},[53,82915,81],{"class":67},[53,82917,84],{"class":71},[53,82919,78127],{"class":75},[53,82921,72],{"class":71},[53,82923,101],{"class":67},[53,82925,82926,82928,82930,82932,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944,82946,82948],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82927,137],{"class":136},[53,82929,121],{"class":67},[53,82931,82023],{"class":136},[53,82933,121],{"class":67},[53,82935,3672],{"class":117},[53,82937,81],{"class":67},[53,82939,21124],{"class":8726},[53,82941,64],{"class":63},[53,82943,3005],{"class":1320},[53,82945,37],{"class":67},[53,82947,8189],{"class":1223},[53,82949,628],{"class":67},[20,82951,388],{},[44,82953,82954],{"className":46,"code":82129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82955,82956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82957,82958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82959,82129],{"class":59},[20,82961,20318,82962,82964],{},[15,82963,78081],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1418,82966,82968],{"id":82967},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82970,82971,82972,171],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82973,37203],{},[44,82975,82977],{"className":46,"code":82976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82978,82979,83022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82980,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,83000,83002,83004,83006,83009,83011,83013,83015,83018,83020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82982,60],{"class":59},[53,82984,64],{"class":63},[53,82986,68],{"class":67},[53,82988,72],{"class":71},[53,82990,195],{"class":75},[53,82992,72],{"class":71},[53,82994,81],{"class":67},[53,82996,84],{"class":71},[53,82998,82999],{"class":75},"bb",[53,83001,72],{"class":71},[53,83003,81],{"class":67},[53,83005,84],{"class":71},[53,83007,83008],{"class":75},"cccc",[53,83010,72],{"class":71},[53,83012,81],{"class":67},[53,83014,84],{"class":71},[53,83016,83017],{"class":75},"ddd",[53,83019,72],{"class":71},[53,83021,101],{"class":67},[53,83023,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83025,137],{"class":136},[53,83027,121],{"class":67},[53,83029,82023],{"class":136},[53,83031,121],{"class":67},[53,83033,956],{"class":117},[53,83035,81],{"class":67},[53,83037,21124],{"class":8726},[53,83039,64],{"class":63},[53,83041,37203],{"class":1627},[53,83043,42384],{"class":37206},[53,83045,171],{"class":67},[53,83047,37928],{"class":136},[53,83049,121],{"class":67},[53,83051,34254],{"class":117},[53,83053,2472],{"class":67},[20,83055,388],{},[44,83057,83059],{"className":46,"code":83058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cccc\n",[15,83060,83061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83062,83063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83064,83058],{"class":59},[20,83066,49092,83067,667,83069,83071],{},[15,83068,82872],{},[15,83070,77968],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[39,83073,36155,83075,36158],{"id":83074},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83076,82319],{},[20,83078,1541,83079,83081],{},[15,83080,82319],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83083,83084],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[44,83086,83088],{"className":46,"code":83087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83089,83090,83098],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83091,83092,83094,83096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83093,326],{"class":59},[53,83095,64],{"class":63},[53,83097,7388],{"class":67},[53,83099,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83101,137],{"class":136},[53,83103,121],{"class":67},[53,83105,82023],{"class":136},[53,83107,121],{"class":67},[53,83109,3209],{"class":117},[53,83111,81],{"class":67},[53,83113,26068],{"class":8726},[53,83115,64],{"class":63},[53,83117,187],{"class":333},[53,83119,628],{"class":67},[20,83121,388],{},[44,83123,83124],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83125,83126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83127,83128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83129,633],{"class":333},[20,83131,83132],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83134,83135,83136,83138],{},"Without ",[15,83137,82319],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83140,51622],{},[44,83142,83144],{"className":46,"code":83143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83145,83146,83154,83181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83147,83148,83150,83152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83149,3631],{"class":59},[53,83151,64],{"class":63},[53,83153,7388],{"class":67},[53,83155,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168,83170,83172,83174,83177,83179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83157,351],{"class":59},[53,83159,64],{"class":63},[53,83161,82370],{"class":136},[53,83163,121],{"class":67},[53,83165,3672],{"class":117},[53,83167,81],{"class":67},[53,83169,26068],{"class":8726},[53,83171,64],{"class":63},[53,83173,72],{"class":71},[53,83175,83176],{"class":75},"no words found",[53,83178,72],{"class":71},[53,83180,130],{"class":67},[53,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,83184,137],{"class":136},[53,83186,121],{"class":67},[53,83188,383],{"class":117},[53,83190,130],{"class":67},[20,83192,388],{},[44,83194,83196],{"className":46,"code":83195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"no words found\n",[15,83197,83198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83199,83200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83201,83195],{"class":59},[20,83203,83204],{},"Important:",[173,83206,83207,83215],{},[176,83208,83209,83211,83212],{},[15,83210,82319],{}," works with ",[15,83213,83214],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[176,83216,40447,83217,83219,83220],{},[30,83218,1112],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83221,83222],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[39,83224,47528],{"id":47527},[20,83226,83227,83228,37],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83229,81964],{},[1418,83231,83233,83235],{"id":83232},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83234,36],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83237,83238,83239,45452,83241,37],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83240,82319],{},[15,83242,36],{},[44,83244,83246],{"className":46,"code":83245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83247,83248,83256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83249,83250,83252,83254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83251,326],{"class":59},[53,83253,64],{"class":63},[53,83255,7388],{"class":67},[53,83257,83258,83260,83262,83264,83266,83268],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83259,137],{"class":136},[53,83261,121],{"class":67},[53,83263,82023],{"class":136},[53,83265,121],{"class":67},[53,83267,3209],{"class":117},[53,83269,628],{"class":67},[20,83271,29225],{},[44,83273,83275],{"className":46,"code":83274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83276,83277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83278,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83290,83292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83280,36],{"class":1320},[53,83282,171],{"class":67},[53,83284,82370],{"class":136},[53,83286,6917],{"class":67},[53,83288,83289],{"class":59}," arg ",[53,83291,11745],{"class":63},[53,83293,83294],{"class":59}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83296,83297,83298,171],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83299,82319],{},[44,83301,83303],{"className":46,"code":83302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83304,83305,83313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83306,83307,83309,83311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83308,326],{"class":59},[53,83310,64],{"class":63},[53,83312,7388],{"class":67},[53,83314,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83316,137],{"class":136},[53,83318,121],{"class":67},[53,83320,82023],{"class":136},[53,83322,121],{"class":67},[53,83324,3209],{"class":117},[53,83326,81],{"class":67},[53,83328,26068],{"class":8726},[53,83330,64],{"class":63},[53,83332,3338],{"class":3413},[53,83334,628],{"class":67},[20,83336,83337,83338,37],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[195,83339,1125],{"href":72261},[1418,83341,83343,83345],{"id":83342},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83344,2565],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83347,83348,83349,37],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83350,2565],{},[44,83352,83354],{"className":46,"code":83353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83355,83356,83380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83357,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83359,60],{"class":59},[53,83361,64],{"class":63},[53,83363,68],{"class":67},[53,83365,334],{"class":333},[53,83367,81],{"class":67},[53,83369,84],{"class":71},[53,83371,365],{"class":75},[53,83373,72],{"class":71},[53,83375,81],{"class":67},[53,83377,344],{"class":333},[53,83379,101],{"class":67},[53,83381,83382,83384,83386,83388,83390,83392],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83383,137],{"class":136},[53,83385,121],{"class":67},[53,83387,82023],{"class":136},[53,83389,121],{"class":67},[53,83391,956],{"class":117},[53,83393,628],{"class":67},[20,83395,83396],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83398,83399],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[44,83401,83403],{"className":46,"code":83402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83404,83405,83425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83406,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83408,60],{"class":59},[53,83410,64],{"class":63},[53,83412,68],{"class":67},[53,83414,334],{"class":333},[53,83416,81],{"class":67},[53,83418,339],{"class":333},[53,83420,81],{"class":67},[53,83422,344],{"class":333},[53,83424,101],{"class":67},[53,83426,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83428,137],{"class":136},[53,83430,121],{"class":67},[53,83432,82023],{"class":136},[53,83434,121],{"class":67},[53,83436,956],{"class":117},[53,83438,628],{"class":67},[20,83440,83441,83442,37],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[195,83443,83445],{"href":83444},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1418,83447,83449,83451],{"id":83448},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83450,2565],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83453,83454,83456],{},[15,83455,81964],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[44,83458,83460],{"className":46,"code":83459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max())\n",[15,83461,83462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83463,83464,83466,83468,83470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83465,137],{"class":136},[53,83467,121],{"class":67},[53,83469,82023],{"class":136},[53,83471,6745],{"class":67},[20,83473,2562,83474,37],{},[15,83475,2565],{},[39,83477,83479,10136,83481],{"id":83478},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83480,81964],{},[15,83482,73807],{},[20,83484,83485],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83487,83488,171],{},[15,83489,81964],{},[173,83491,83492],{},[176,83493,83494],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83496,83497,171],{},[15,83498,73807],{},[173,83500,83501],{},[176,83502,83503],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83505,316],{},[44,83507,83509],{"className":46,"code":83508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83510,83511,83535,83539,83553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83512,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83514,326],{"class":59},[53,83516,64],{"class":63},[53,83518,68],{"class":67},[53,83520,882],{"class":333},[53,83522,81],{"class":67},[53,83524,5912],{"class":333},[53,83526,81],{"class":67},[53,83528,790],{"class":333},[53,83530,81],{"class":67},[53,83532,4162],{"class":333},[53,83534,101],{"class":67},[53,83536,83537],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83538,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,83540,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,83542,137],{"class":136},[53,83544,121],{"class":67},[53,83546,82023],{"class":136},[53,83548,121],{"class":67},[53,83550,3209],{"class":117},[53,83552,628],{"class":67},[53,83554,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83565],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,83556,137],{"class":136},[53,83558,121],{"class":67},[53,83560,73897],{"class":136},[53,83562,121],{"class":67},[53,83564,3209],{"class":117},[53,83566,628],{"class":67},[20,83568,388],{},[44,83570,83572],{"className":46,"code":83571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83573,83574,83578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83575,83576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83577,1941],{"class":333},[53,83579,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83581,1226],{"class":67},[53,83583,525],{"class":333},[53,83585,81],{"class":67},[53,83587,1269],{"class":333},[53,83589,81],{"class":67},[53,83591,4162],{"class":333},[53,83593,81],{"class":67},[53,83595,5912],{"class":333},[53,83597,101],{"class":67},[20,83599,152,83600,83602],{},[15,83601,81964],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83604,152,83605,83609],{},[195,83606,83607],{"href":73904},[15,83608,73807],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83611,83612,83613,37],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[195,83614,83616],{"href":83615},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83617,83618],{},"min()",[39,83620,2389],{"id":2388},[20,83622,83623],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[173,83625,83626,83633,83636,83641,83644],{},[176,83627,29194,83628,83630,83631],{},[15,83629,81964],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83632,82319],{},[176,83634,83635],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[176,83637,8001,83638,83640],{},[15,83639,81964],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[176,83642,83643],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[176,83645,664,83646,83648],{},[15,83647,82319],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83650,10662],{},[44,83652,83654],{"className":46,"code":83653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83655,83656,83666,83680,83694,83708,83730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83657,83658,83660,83662,83664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83659,137],{"class":136},[53,83661,121],{"class":67},[53,83663,956],{"class":117},[53,83665,130],{"class":67},[53,83667,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83669,137],{"class":136},[53,83671,121],{"class":67},[53,83673,1321],{"class":1320},[53,83675,121],{"class":67},[53,83677,956],{"class":117},[53,83679,628],{"class":67},[53,83681,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,83683,137],{"class":136},[53,83685,121],{"class":67},[53,83687,10711],{"class":136},[53,83689,121],{"class":67},[53,83691,956],{"class":117},[53,83693,628],{"class":67},[53,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,83697,137],{"class":136},[53,83699,121],{"class":67},[53,83701,82023],{"class":136},[53,83703,121],{"class":67},[53,83705,956],{"class":117},[53,83707,628],{"class":67},[53,83709,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,83711,137],{"class":136},[53,83713,121],{"class":67},[53,83715,82023],{"class":136},[53,83717,121],{"class":67},[53,83719,956],{"class":117},[53,83721,81],{"class":67},[53,83723,26068],{"class":8726},[53,83725,64],{"class":63},[53,83727,3338],{"class":3413},[53,83729,628],{"class":67},[53,83731,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,83733,137],{"class":136},[53,83735,2546],{"class":67},[53,83737,1321],{"class":1320},[53,83739,121],{"class":67},[53,83741,1735],{"class":117},[53,83743,145],{"class":67},[53,83745,3438],{"class":1041},[53,83747,3441],{"class":117},[53,83749,1048],{"class":1041},[53,83751,112],{"class":117},[53,83753,3449],{"class":67},[20,83755,83756],{},"These are useful for checking:",[173,83758,83759,83764,83769,83772],{},[176,83760,83761,83762],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83763,956],{},[176,83765,79134,83766,83768],{},[15,83767,956],{}," is a list or some other type",[176,83770,83771],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[176,83773,83774],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83776,68730,83777,83780,83781,83783],{},[15,83778,83779],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83782,956],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[39,83785,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,83787,1421,83789,1424],{"id":83788},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83790,81964],{},[20,83792,83793],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1418,83795,1446,83797,83799],{"id":83796},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83798,81964],{}," work with strings?",[20,83801,83802],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1418,83804,71029],{"id":71028},[20,83806,83807,52037,83809,83811,83812,83814],{},[15,83808,81964],{},[15,83810,36],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83813,82319],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1418,83816,83818,83819,1459],{"id":83817},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83820,81964],{},[20,83822,152,83823,171],{},[15,83824,82872],{},[44,83826,83827],{"className":46,"code":82800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83828,83829,83861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83830,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83832,3631],{"class":59},[53,83834,64],{"class":63},[53,83836,68],{"class":67},[53,83838,72],{"class":71},[53,83840,36590],{"class":75},[53,83842,72],{"class":71},[53,83844,81],{"class":67},[53,83846,84],{"class":71},[53,83848,67709],{"class":75},[53,83850,72],{"class":71},[53,83852,81],{"class":67},[53,83854,84],{"class":71},[53,83856,57661],{"class":75},[53,83858,72],{"class":71},[53,83860,101],{"class":67},[53,83862,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83864,137],{"class":136},[53,83866,121],{"class":67},[53,83868,82023],{"class":136},[53,83870,121],{"class":67},[53,83872,3672],{"class":117},[53,83874,81],{"class":67},[53,83876,21124],{"class":8726},[53,83878,64],{"class":63},[53,83880,10711],{"class":136},[53,83882,628],{"class":67},[1418,83884,4731,83886,667,83888,1459],{"id":83885},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83887,81964],{},[15,83889,73807],{},[20,83891,83892,83894,83895,83897],{},[15,83893,81964],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":83936},[83937,83938,83940,83941,83943,83945,83947,83952,83954,83962,83964,83965,83976],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":82154,"depth":104,"text":83939},"What max() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":82323,"depth":104,"text":83942},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82493,"depth":104,"text":83944},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82628,"depth":104,"text":83946},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78085,"depth":104,"text":79283,"children":83948},[83949,83950,83951],{"id":82796,"depth":133,"text":82797},{"id":82885,"depth":133,"text":82886},{"id":82967,"depth":133,"text":82968},{"id":83074,"depth":104,"text":83953},"Using the default argument",{"id":47527,"depth":104,"text":47528,"children":83955},[83956,83958,83960],{"id":83232,"depth":133,"text":83957},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83342,"depth":133,"text":83959},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83448,"depth":133,"text":83961},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83478,"depth":104,"text":83963},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":83966},[83967,83969,83971,83972,83974],{"id":83788,"depth":133,"text":83968},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83796,"depth":133,"text":83970},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71028,"depth":133,"text":71029},{"id":83817,"depth":133,"text":83973},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83885,"depth":133,"text":83975},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81956,"description":83977},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83984,"title":83985,"body":83986,"description":85940,"extension":1524,"meta":85941,"navigation":372,"path":85942,"seo":85943,"stem":85944,"__hash__":85945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83987,"toc":85897},[83988,83993,83998,84004,84006,84080,84082,84095,84100,84105,84121,84125,84130,84206,84212,84215,84258,84260,84268,84274,84277,84308,84310,84318,84324,84329,84388,84390,84399,84402,84412,84418,84423,84458,84460,84468,84474,84480,84485,84529,84531,84540,84543,84583,84585,84594,84597,84609,84614,84619,84670,84672,84681,84684,84735,84737,84746,84749,84756,84762,84767,84769,84784,84788,84848,84850,84859,84863,85035,85037,85074,85081,85087,85090,85117,85119,85140,85145,85180,85182,85190,85193,85196,85212,85217,85219,85223,85229,85233,85260,85263,85273,85313,85317,85320,85363,85365,85374,85377,85382,85451,85453,85461,85466,85470,85473,85524,85526,85534,85537,85600,85602,85610,85613,85618,85622,85635,85642,85650,85652,85654,85684,85690,85791,85801,85803,85808,85811,85816,85819,85821,85829,85837,85845,85852,85860,85862,85894],[10,83989,3138,83991,3142],{"id":83990},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83992,83618],{},[20,83994,83995,83997],{},[15,83996,83618],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83999,84000,84001,84003],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84002,83618],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[39,84005,1566],{"id":1565},[44,84007,84009],{"className":46,"code":84008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84010,84011,84035,84050,84054],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84012,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84014,326],{"class":59},[53,84016,64],{"class":63},[53,84018,68],{"class":67},[53,84020,1698],{"class":333},[53,84022,81],{"class":67},[53,84024,790],{"class":333},[53,84026,81],{"class":67},[53,84028,53675],{"class":333},[53,84030,81],{"class":67},[53,84032,821],{"class":333},[53,84034,101],{"class":67},[53,84036,84037,84039,84041,84044,84046,84048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84038,137],{"class":136},[53,84040,121],{"class":67},[53,84042,84043],{"class":136},"min",[53,84045,121],{"class":67},[53,84047,3209],{"class":117},[53,84049,628],{"class":67},[53,84051,84052],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,84053,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,84055,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,84057,137],{"class":136},[53,84059,121],{"class":67},[53,84061,84043],{"class":136},[53,84063,121],{"class":67},[53,84065,1698],{"class":333},[53,84067,81],{"class":67},[53,84069,790],{"class":333},[53,84071,81],{"class":67},[53,84073,53675],{"class":333},[53,84075,81],{"class":67},[53,84077,821],{"class":333},[53,84079,628],{"class":67},[20,84081,388],{},[44,84083,84085],{"className":46,"code":84084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n1\n",[15,84086,84087,84091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84088,84089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84090,391],{"class":333},[53,84092,84093],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84094,391],{"class":333},[20,84096,152,84097,84099],{},[15,84098,83618],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[39,84101,163,84103,166],{"id":84102},"what-min-does",[15,84104,83618],{},[173,84106,84107,84112,84115,84118],{},[176,84108,84109,84111],{},[15,84110,83618],{}," returns the smallest item",[176,84113,84114],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[176,84116,84117],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[176,84119,84120],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[39,84122,84124],{"id":84123},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84126,84127,84128,171],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84129,83618],{},[44,84131,84133],{"className":46,"code":84132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84134,84135,84145,84170,84188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84136,84137,84139,84141,84143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84138,84043],{"class":136},[53,84140,121],{"class":67},[53,84142,3280],{"class":117},[53,84144,130],{"class":67},[53,84146,84147,84149,84151,84154,84156,84159,84161,84164,84166,84168],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84148,84043],{"class":136},[53,84150,121],{"class":67},[53,84152,84153],{"class":117},"value1",[53,84155,81],{"class":67},[53,84157,84158],{"class":117}," value2",[53,84160,81],{"class":67},[53,84162,84163],{"class":117}," value3",[53,84165,81],{"class":67},[53,84167,33999],{"class":136},[53,84169,130],{"class":67},[53,84171,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,84173,84043],{"class":136},[53,84175,121],{"class":67},[53,84177,3280],{"class":117},[53,84179,81],{"class":67},[53,84181,21124],{"class":8726},[53,84183,64],{"class":63},[53,84185,36914],{"class":136},[53,84187,130],{"class":67},[53,84189,84190,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200,84202,84204],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,84191,84043],{"class":136},[53,84193,121],{"class":67},[53,84195,3280],{"class":117},[53,84197,81],{"class":67},[53,84199,26068],{"class":8726},[53,84201,64],{"class":63},[53,84203,36914],{"class":136},[53,84205,130],{"class":67},[1418,84207,84209],{"id":84208},"miniterable",[15,84210,84211],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84213,84214],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[44,84216,84218],{"className":46,"code":84217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84219,84220,84244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84221,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84223,326],{"class":59},[53,84225,64],{"class":63},[53,84227,68],{"class":67},[53,84229,1905],{"class":333},[53,84231,81],{"class":67},[53,84233,1269],{"class":333},[53,84235,81],{"class":67},[53,84237,30487],{"class":333},[53,84239,81],{"class":67},[53,84241,821],{"class":333},[53,84243,101],{"class":67},[53,84245,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84247,137],{"class":136},[53,84249,121],{"class":67},[53,84251,84043],{"class":136},[53,84253,121],{"class":67},[53,84255,3209],{"class":117},[53,84257,628],{"class":67},[20,84259,388],{},[44,84261,84262],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84263,84264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84265,84266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84267,391],{"class":333},[1418,84269,84271],{"id":84270},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84272,84273],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84275,84276],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[44,84278,84280],{"className":46,"code":84279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84281,84282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84283,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84285,137],{"class":136},[53,84287,121],{"class":67},[53,84289,84043],{"class":136},[53,84291,121],{"class":67},[53,84293,1905],{"class":333},[53,84295,81],{"class":67},[53,84297,1269],{"class":333},[53,84299,81],{"class":67},[53,84301,30487],{"class":333},[53,84303,81],{"class":67},[53,84305,821],{"class":333},[53,84307,628],{"class":67},[20,84309,388],{},[44,84311,84312],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84313,84314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84315,84316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84317,391],{"class":333},[1418,84319,84321],{"id":84320},"miniterable-key",[15,84322,84323],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84325,152,84326,84328],{},[15,84327,14392],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[44,84330,84332],{"className":46,"code":84331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84333,84334,84366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84335,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84337,3631],{"class":59},[53,84339,64],{"class":63},[53,84341,68],{"class":67},[53,84343,72],{"class":71},[53,84345,78127],{"class":75},[53,84347,72],{"class":71},[53,84349,81],{"class":67},[53,84351,84],{"class":71},[53,84353,37883],{"class":75},[53,84355,72],{"class":71},[53,84357,81],{"class":67},[53,84359,84],{"class":71},[53,84361,87],{"class":75},[53,84363,72],{"class":71},[53,84365,101],{"class":67},[53,84367,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84369,137],{"class":136},[53,84371,121],{"class":67},[53,84373,84043],{"class":136},[53,84375,121],{"class":67},[53,84377,3672],{"class":117},[53,84379,81],{"class":67},[53,84381,21124],{"class":8726},[53,84383,64],{"class":63},[53,84385,10711],{"class":136},[53,84387,628],{"class":67},[20,84389,388],{},[44,84391,84393],{"className":46,"code":84392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"kiwi\n",[15,84394,84395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84396,84397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84398,84392],{"class":59},[20,84400,84401],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84403,84404,84405,84407,84408,37],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84406,41903],{},", see the ",[195,84409,84410,3071],{"href":41900},[15,84411,41903],{},[1418,84413,84415],{"id":84414},"miniterable-default",[15,84416,84417],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84419,152,84420,84422],{},[15,84421,82319],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[44,84424,84426],{"className":46,"code":84425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84427,84428,84436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84429,84430,84432,84434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84431,326],{"class":59},[53,84433,64],{"class":63},[53,84435,7388],{"class":67},[53,84437,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452,84454,84456],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84439,137],{"class":136},[53,84441,121],{"class":67},[53,84443,84043],{"class":136},[53,84445,121],{"class":67},[53,84447,3209],{"class":117},[53,84449,81],{"class":67},[53,84451,26068],{"class":8726},[53,84453,64],{"class":63},[53,84455,187],{"class":333},[53,84457,628],{"class":67},[20,84459,388],{},[44,84461,84462],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84463,84464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84465,84466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84467,633],{"class":333},[20,84469,84470,84471,84473],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84472,36],{}," when there is no item to return.",[39,84475,664,84477,84479],{"id":84476},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84478,83618],{}," with numbers",[20,84481,84482,84484],{},[15,84483,83618],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[44,84486,84488],{"className":46,"code":84487,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84489,84490,84515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84491,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84493,4618],{"class":59},[53,84495,64],{"class":63},[53,84497,68],{"class":67},[53,84499,51048],{"class":333},[53,84501,81],{"class":67},[53,84503,84504],{"class":333}," 72",[53,84506,81],{"class":67},[53,84508,28450],{"class":333},[53,84510,81],{"class":67},[53,84512,75483],{"class":333},[53,84514,101],{"class":67},[53,84516,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84518,137],{"class":136},[53,84520,121],{"class":67},[53,84522,84043],{"class":136},[53,84524,121],{"class":67},[53,84526,15940],{"class":117},[53,84528,628],{"class":67},[20,84530,388],{},[44,84532,84534],{"className":46,"code":84533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"60\n",[15,84535,84536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84537,84538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84539,84533],{"class":333},[20,84541,84542],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[44,84544,84546],{"className":46,"code":84545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84547,84548,84569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84549,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84563,84565,84567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84551,82431],{"class":59},[53,84553,64],{"class":63},[53,84555,68],{"class":67},[53,84557,39940],{"class":333},[53,84559,81],{"class":67},[53,84561,84562],{"class":333}," 5.49",[53,84564,81],{"class":67},[53,84566,82447],{"class":333},[53,84568,101],{"class":67},[53,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84572,137],{"class":136},[53,84574,121],{"class":67},[53,84576,84043],{"class":136},[53,84578,121],{"class":67},[53,84580,82467],{"class":117},[53,84582,628],{"class":67},[20,84584,388],{},[44,84586,84588],{"className":46,"code":84587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.49\n",[15,84589,84590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84591,84592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84593,84587],{"class":333},[20,84595,84596],{},"This is useful for things like:",[173,84598,84599,84601,84603,84606],{},[176,84600,15940],{},[176,84602,82467],{},[176,84604,84605],{},"measurements",[176,84607,84608],{},"ages",[39,84610,664,84612,46601],{"id":84611},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84613,83618],{},[20,84615,84616,84618],{},[15,84617,83618],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[44,84620,84622],{"className":46,"code":84621,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84623,84624,84656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84625,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84627,3631],{"class":59},[53,84629,64],{"class":63},[53,84631,68],{"class":67},[53,84633,72],{"class":71},[53,84635,87],{"class":75},[53,84637,72],{"class":71},[53,84639,81],{"class":67},[53,84641,84],{"class":71},[53,84643,76],{"class":75},[53,84645,72],{"class":71},[53,84647,81],{"class":67},[53,84649,84],{"class":71},[53,84651,96],{"class":75},[53,84653,72],{"class":71},[53,84655,101],{"class":67},[53,84657,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84659,137],{"class":136},[53,84661,121],{"class":67},[53,84663,84043],{"class":136},[53,84665,121],{"class":67},[53,84667,3672],{"class":117},[53,84669,628],{"class":67},[20,84671,388],{},[44,84673,84675],{"className":46,"code":84674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple\n",[15,84676,84677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84678,84679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84680,84674],{"class":59},[20,84682,84683],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[44,84685,84687],{"className":46,"code":84686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84688,84689,84721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84690,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84692,3631],{"class":59},[53,84694,64],{"class":63},[53,84696,68],{"class":67},[53,84698,72],{"class":71},[53,84700,87],{"class":75},[53,84702,72],{"class":71},[53,84704,81],{"class":67},[53,84706,84],{"class":71},[53,84708,57303],{"class":75},[53,84710,72],{"class":71},[53,84712,81],{"class":67},[53,84714,84],{"class":71},[53,84716,96],{"class":75},[53,84718,72],{"class":71},[53,84720,101],{"class":67},[53,84722,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84724,137],{"class":136},[53,84726,121],{"class":67},[53,84728,84043],{"class":136},[53,84730,121],{"class":67},[53,84732,3672],{"class":117},[53,84734,628],{"class":67},[20,84736,388],{},[44,84738,84740],{"className":46,"code":84739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\n",[15,84741,84742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84743,84744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84745,84739],{"class":59},[20,84747,84748],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84750,84751,84752,37],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[195,84753,84754,5335],{"href":73904},[15,84755,73807],{},[39,84757,664,84759,84761],{"id":84758},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84760,83618],{}," with a key function",[20,84763,1541,84764,84766],{},[15,84765,14392],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84768,11008],{},[173,84770,84771,84776,84781],{},[176,84772,84773,84775],{},[15,84774,14392],{}," changes the comparison rule",[176,84777,84778,84780],{},[15,84779,83618],{}," still returns the original item",[176,84782,84783],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1418,84785,84787],{"id":84786},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[44,84789,84791],{"className":46,"code":84790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84792,84793,84826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84794,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84822,84824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84796,3631],{"class":59},[53,84798,64],{"class":63},[53,84800,68],{"class":67},[53,84802,72],{"class":71},[53,84804,67709],{"class":75},[53,84806,72],{"class":71},[53,84808,81],{"class":67},[53,84810,84],{"class":71},[53,84812,36590],{"class":75},[53,84814,72],{"class":71},[53,84816,81],{"class":67},[53,84818,84],{"class":71},[53,84820,84821],{"class":75},"giraffe",[53,84823,72],{"class":71},[53,84825,101],{"class":67},[53,84827,84828,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84829,137],{"class":136},[53,84831,121],{"class":67},[53,84833,84043],{"class":136},[53,84835,121],{"class":67},[53,84837,3672],{"class":117},[53,84839,81],{"class":67},[53,84841,21124],{"class":8726},[53,84843,64],{"class":63},[53,84845,10711],{"class":136},[53,84847,628],{"class":67},[20,84849,388],{},[44,84851,84853],{"className":46,"code":84852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat\n",[15,84854,84855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84856,84857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84858,84852],{"class":59},[1418,84860,84862],{"id":84861},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[44,84864,84866],{"className":46,"code":84865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84867,84868,84878,84913,84945,84977,84981,84985,85024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84869,84870,84873,84875],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84871,84872],{"class":59},"students ",[53,84874,64],{"class":63},[53,84876,84877],{"class":67}," [\n",[53,84879,84880,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84904,84906,84908,84910],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84881,84882],{"class":67},"    {",[53,84884,72],{"class":71},[53,84886,7220],{"class":75},[53,84888,72],{"class":71},[53,84890,171],{"class":67},[53,84892,84],{"class":71},[53,84894,12432],{"class":75},[53,84896,72],{"class":71},[53,84898,81],{"class":67},[53,84900,84],{"class":71},[53,84902,84903],{"class":75},"score",[53,84905,72],{"class":71},[53,84907,171],{"class":67},[53,84909,13057],{"class":333},[53,84911,84912],{"class":67},"},\n",[53,84914,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,84916,84882],{"class":67},[53,84918,72],{"class":71},[53,84920,7220],{"class":75},[53,84922,72],{"class":71},[53,84924,171],{"class":67},[53,84926,84],{"class":71},[53,84928,35487],{"class":75},[53,84930,72],{"class":71},[53,84932,81],{"class":67},[53,84934,84],{"class":71},[53,84936,84903],{"class":75},[53,84938,72],{"class":71},[53,84940,171],{"class":67},[53,84942,84504],{"class":333},[53,84944,84912],{"class":67},[53,84946,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,84948,84882],{"class":67},[53,84950,72],{"class":71},[53,84952,7220],{"class":75},[53,84954,72],{"class":71},[53,84956,171],{"class":67},[53,84958,84],{"class":71},[53,84960,35496],{"class":75},[53,84962,72],{"class":71},[53,84964,81],{"class":67},[53,84966,84],{"class":71},[53,84968,84903],{"class":75},[53,84970,72],{"class":71},[53,84972,171],{"class":67},[53,84974,19445],{"class":333},[53,84976,8860],{"class":67},[53,84978,84979],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,84980,101],{"class":67},[53,84982,84983],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,84984,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,84986,84987,84990,84992,84995,84997,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,84988,84989],{"class":59},"lowest ",[53,84991,64],{"class":63},[53,84993,84994],{"class":136}," min",[53,84996,121],{"class":67},[53,84998,84999],{"class":117},"students",[53,85001,81],{"class":67},[53,85003,21124],{"class":8726},[53,85005,64],{"class":63},[53,85007,37203],{"class":1627},[53,85009,12458],{"class":37206},[53,85011,171],{"class":67},[53,85013,12458],{"class":117},[53,85015,1226],{"class":67},[53,85017,72],{"class":71},[53,85019,84903],{"class":75},[53,85021,72],{"class":71},[53,85023,3449],{"class":67},[53,85025,85026,85028,85030,85033],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,85027,137],{"class":136},[53,85029,121],{"class":67},[53,85031,85032],{"class":117},"lowest",[53,85034,130],{"class":67},[20,85036,388],{},[44,85038,85040],{"className":46,"code":85039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85041,85042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85043,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85045,8829],{"class":67},[53,85047,2862],{"class":71},[53,85049,7220],{"class":75},[53,85051,2862],{"class":71},[53,85053,171],{"class":67},[53,85055,2857],{"class":71},[53,85057,35487],{"class":75},[53,85059,2862],{"class":71},[53,85061,81],{"class":67},[53,85063,2857],{"class":71},[53,85065,84903],{"class":75},[53,85067,2862],{"class":71},[53,85069,171],{"class":67},[53,85071,84504],{"class":333},[53,85073,8860],{"class":67},[20,85075,85076,85077,85080],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85078,85079],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[39,85082,664,85084,85086],{"id":85083},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85085,82319],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85088,85089],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[44,85091,85093],{"className":46,"code":85092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85094,85095,85103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85096,85097,85099,85101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85098,326],{"class":59},[53,85100,64],{"class":63},[53,85102,7388],{"class":67},[53,85104,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85106,137],{"class":136},[53,85108,121],{"class":67},[53,85110,84043],{"class":136},[53,85112,121],{"class":67},[53,85114,3209],{"class":117},[53,85116,628],{"class":67},[20,85118,388],{},[44,85120,85122],{"className":46,"code":85121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85123,85124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85125,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85127,36],{"class":1320},[53,85129,171],{"class":67},[53,85131,84994],{"class":136},[53,85133,6917],{"class":67},[53,85135,83289],{"class":59},[53,85137,11745],{"class":63},[53,85139,83294],{"class":59},[20,85141,85142,85143,171],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85144,82319],{},[44,85146,85148],{"className":46,"code":85147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85149,85150,85158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85151,85152,85154,85156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85153,326],{"class":59},[53,85155,64],{"class":63},[53,85157,7388],{"class":67},[53,85159,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85161,137],{"class":136},[53,85163,121],{"class":67},[53,85165,84043],{"class":136},[53,85167,121],{"class":67},[53,85169,3209],{"class":117},[53,85171,81],{"class":67},[53,85173,26068],{"class":8726},[53,85175,64],{"class":63},[53,85177,3338],{"class":3413},[53,85179,628],{"class":67},[20,85181,388],{},[44,85183,85184],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85185,85186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85187,85188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85189,11359],{"class":3413},[20,85191,85192],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85194,85195],{},"Remember:",[173,85197,85198,85206],{},[176,85199,85200,85202,85203,85205],{},[15,85201,82319],{}," works only when ",[15,85204,83618],{}," gets one iterable argument",[176,85207,85208,85209],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85210,85211],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85213,85214,85215,37],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[195,85216,1125],{"href":72261},[39,85218,10294],{"id":10293},[20,85220,56311,85221,37],{},[15,85222,83618],{},[1418,85224,85226,85227],{"id":85225},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85228,82319],{},[20,85230,2562,85231,171],{},[15,85232,36],{},[44,85234,85236],{"className":46,"code":85235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85237,85238,85246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85239,85240,85242,85244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85241,60],{"class":59},[53,85243,64],{"class":63},[53,85245,7388],{"class":67},[53,85247,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85249,137],{"class":136},[53,85251,121],{"class":67},[53,85253,84043],{"class":136},[53,85255,121],{"class":67},[53,85257,956],{"class":117},[53,85259,628],{"class":67},[20,85261,85262],{},"Fix it by:",[173,85264,85265,85268],{},[176,85266,85267],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[176,85269,85270,85271],{},"or using ",[15,85272,82319],{},[44,85274,85276],{"className":46,"code":85275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85277,85278,85286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85279,85280,85282,85284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85281,60],{"class":59},[53,85283,64],{"class":63},[53,85285,7388],{"class":67},[53,85287,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85309,85311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85289,137],{"class":136},[53,85291,121],{"class":67},[53,85293,84043],{"class":136},[53,85295,121],{"class":67},[53,85297,956],{"class":117},[53,85299,81],{"class":67},[53,85301,26068],{"class":8726},[53,85303,64],{"class":63},[53,85305,72],{"class":71},[53,85307,85308],{"class":75},"no items",[53,85310,72],{"class":71},[53,85312,628],{"class":67},[1418,85314,85316],{"id":85315},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85318,85319],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[44,85321,85323],{"className":46,"code":85322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85324,85325,85349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85326,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85328,8716],{"class":59},[53,85330,64],{"class":63},[53,85332,68],{"class":67},[53,85334,334],{"class":333},[53,85336,81],{"class":67},[53,85338,84],{"class":71},[53,85340,365],{"class":75},[53,85342,72],{"class":71},[53,85344,81],{"class":67},[53,85346,4162],{"class":333},[53,85348,101],{"class":67},[53,85350,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85352,137],{"class":136},[53,85354,121],{"class":67},[53,85356,84043],{"class":136},[53,85358,121],{"class":67},[53,85360,8755],{"class":117},[53,85362,628],{"class":67},[20,85364,388],{},[44,85366,85368],{"className":46,"code":85367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError\n",[15,85369,85370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85371,85372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85373,85367],{"class":1320},[20,85375,85376],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85378,85379,85380,37],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85381,83618],{},[44,85383,85385],{"className":46,"code":85384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85386,85387,85411,85437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85388,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85390,8716],{"class":59},[53,85392,64],{"class":63},[53,85394,68],{"class":67},[53,85396,334],{"class":333},[53,85398,81],{"class":67},[53,85400,84],{"class":71},[53,85402,365],{"class":75},[53,85404,72],{"class":71},[53,85406,81],{"class":67},[53,85408,4162],{"class":333},[53,85410,101],{"class":67},[53,85412,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85414,326],{"class":59},[53,85416,64],{"class":63},[53,85418,68],{"class":67},[53,85420,1750],{"class":1320},[53,85422,121],{"class":67},[53,85424,1735],{"class":117},[53,85426,145],{"class":67},[53,85428,3438],{"class":1041},[53,85430,3441],{"class":59},[53,85432,1048],{"class":1041},[53,85434,14117],{"class":59},[53,85436,101],{"class":67},[53,85438,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,85440,137],{"class":136},[53,85442,121],{"class":67},[53,85444,84043],{"class":136},[53,85446,121],{"class":67},[53,85448,3209],{"class":117},[53,85450,628],{"class":67},[20,85452,388],{},[44,85454,85455],{"className":46,"code":2507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85456,85457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85458,85459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85460,2507],{"class":333},[20,85462,85463,85464,37],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85465,2565],{},[1418,85467,85469],{"id":85468},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85471,85472],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[44,85474,85476],{"className":46,"code":85475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85477,85478,85510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85479,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85481,3631],{"class":59},[53,85483,64],{"class":63},[53,85485,68],{"class":67},[53,85487,72],{"class":71},[53,85489,78943],{"class":75},[53,85491,72],{"class":71},[53,85493,81],{"class":67},[53,85495,84],{"class":71},[53,85497,57303],{"class":75},[53,85499,72],{"class":71},[53,85501,81],{"class":67},[53,85503,84],{"class":71},[53,85505,78960],{"class":75},[53,85507,72],{"class":71},[53,85509,101],{"class":67},[53,85511,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85513,137],{"class":136},[53,85515,121],{"class":67},[53,85517,84043],{"class":136},[53,85519,121],{"class":67},[53,85521,3672],{"class":117},[53,85523,628],{"class":67},[20,85525,388],{},[44,85527,85528],{"className":46,"code":84739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85529,85530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85531,85532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85533,84739],{"class":59},[20,85535,85536],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[44,85538,85540],{"className":46,"code":85539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85541,85542,85574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85543,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85545,3631],{"class":59},[53,85547,64],{"class":63},[53,85549,68],{"class":67},[53,85551,72],{"class":71},[53,85553,78943],{"class":75},[53,85555,72],{"class":71},[53,85557,81],{"class":67},[53,85559,84],{"class":71},[53,85561,57303],{"class":75},[53,85563,72],{"class":71},[53,85565,81],{"class":67},[53,85567,84],{"class":71},[53,85569,78960],{"class":75},[53,85571,72],{"class":71},[53,85573,101],{"class":67},[53,85575,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85577,137],{"class":136},[53,85579,121],{"class":67},[53,85581,84043],{"class":136},[53,85583,121],{"class":67},[53,85585,3672],{"class":117},[53,85587,81],{"class":67},[53,85589,21124],{"class":8726},[53,85591,64],{"class":63},[53,85593,3005],{"class":1320},[53,85595,37],{"class":67},[53,85597,8189],{"class":1223},[53,85599,628],{"class":67},[20,85601,388],{},[44,85603,85604],{"className":46,"code":84739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85605,85606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85607,85608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85609,84739],{"class":59},[20,85611,85612],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[39,85614,1391,85616],{"id":85615},"when-to-use-min",[15,85617,83618],{},[20,85619,152,85620,1398],{},[15,85621,83618],{},[173,85623,85624,85627,85632],{},[176,85625,85626],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[176,85628,85629,85630],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85631,14392],{},[176,85633,85634],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85636,152,85637,85641],{},[195,85638,85639],{"href":73904},[15,85640,73807],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85643,152,85644,85649],{},[195,85645,85647],{"href":85646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85648,81964],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[39,85651,2389],{"id":2388},[20,85653,83623],{},[173,85655,85656,85664,85667,85672,85679],{},[176,85657,85658,85659,85661,85662],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85660,83618],{}," without using ",[15,85663,82319],{},[176,85665,85666],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[176,85668,8001,85669,85671],{},[15,85670,83618],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[176,85673,4261,85674,85676,85677,84780],{},[15,85675,14392],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85678,83618],{},[176,85680,664,85681,85683],{},[15,85682,82319],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85685,85686,85687,85689],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85688,83618],{},", these quick checks can help:",[44,85691,85693],{"className":46,"code":85692,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85694,85695,85709,85719,85733,85747,85769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85696,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85698,137],{"class":136},[53,85700,121],{"class":67},[53,85702,1321],{"class":1320},[53,85704,121],{"class":67},[53,85706,8755],{"class":117},[53,85708,628],{"class":67},[53,85710,85711,85713,85715,85717],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85712,137],{"class":136},[53,85714,121],{"class":67},[53,85716,8755],{"class":117},[53,85718,130],{"class":67},[53,85720,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,85722,137],{"class":136},[53,85724,121],{"class":67},[53,85726,10711],{"class":136},[53,85728,121],{"class":67},[53,85730,8755],{"class":117},[53,85732,628],{"class":67},[53,85734,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743,85745],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,85736,137],{"class":136},[53,85738,121],{"class":67},[53,85740,84043],{"class":136},[53,85742,121],{"class":67},[53,85744,8755],{"class":117},[53,85746,628],{"class":67},[53,85748,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,85750,137],{"class":136},[53,85752,121],{"class":67},[53,85754,84043],{"class":136},[53,85756,121],{"class":67},[53,85758,8755],{"class":117},[53,85760,81],{"class":67},[53,85762,26068],{"class":8726},[53,85764,64],{"class":63},[53,85766,3338],{"class":3413},[53,85768,628],{"class":67},[53,85770,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,85772,137],{"class":136},[53,85774,121],{"class":67},[53,85776,84043],{"class":136},[53,85778,121],{"class":67},[53,85780,3672],{"class":117},[53,85782,81],{"class":67},[53,85784,21124],{"class":8726},[53,85786,64],{"class":63},[53,85788,10711],{"class":136},[53,85790,628],{"class":67},[20,85792,85793,85794,85797,85798,85800],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85795,85796],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85799,8755],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[39,85802,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,85804,1421,85806,1424],{"id":85805},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85807,83618],{},[20,85809,85810],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1418,85812,1446,85814,83799],{"id":85813},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85815,83618],{},[20,85817,85818],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1418,85820,71029],{"id":71028},[20,85822,85823,52037,85825,83811,85827,36164],{},[15,85824,83618],{},[15,85826,36],{},[15,85828,82319],{},[1418,85830,1421,85832,85834,85835,1459],{"id":85831},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85833,14392],{}," do in ",[15,85836,83618],{},[20,85838,85839,85841,85842,85844],{},[15,85840,14392],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85843,82872],{}," compares strings by length.",[1418,85846,4731,85848,667,85850,1459],{"id":85847},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85849,83618],{},[15,85851,73807],{},[20,85853,85854,85856,85857,85859],{},[15,85855,83618],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85858,73807],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[39,85861,1471],{"id":1470},[173,85863,85864,85870,85876,85882,85886,85890],{},[176,85865,85866],{},[195,85867,85868,3071],{"href":85646},[15,85869,81964],{},[176,85871,85872],{},[195,85873,85874,3071],{"href":73904},[15,85875,73807],{},[176,85877,85878],{},[195,85879,85880,3071],{"href":41900},[15,85881,41903],{},[176,85883,85884],{},[195,85885,79256],{"href":77759},[176,85887,85888],{},[195,85889,1478],{"href":58489},[176,85891,85892],{},[195,85893,1125],{"href":72261},[1494,85895,85896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":85898},[85899,85900,85902,85908,85910,85912,85917,85919,85925,85927,85928,85939],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":84102,"depth":104,"text":85901},"What min() does",{"id":84123,"depth":104,"text":84124,"children":85903},[85904,85905,85906,85907],{"id":84208,"depth":133,"text":84211},{"id":84270,"depth":133,"text":84273},{"id":84320,"depth":133,"text":84323},{"id":84414,"depth":133,"text":84417},{"id":84476,"depth":104,"text":85909},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84611,"depth":104,"text":85911},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84758,"depth":104,"text":85913,"children":85914},"Using min() with a key function",[85915,85916],{"id":84786,"depth":133,"text":84787},{"id":84861,"depth":133,"text":84862},{"id":85083,"depth":104,"text":85918},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10293,"depth":104,"text":10294,"children":85920},[85921,85923,85924],{"id":85225,"depth":133,"text":85922},"Empty list without default",{"id":85315,"depth":133,"text":85316},{"id":85468,"depth":133,"text":85469},{"id":85615,"depth":104,"text":85926},"When to use min()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":85929},[85930,85932,85934,85935,85937],{"id":85805,"depth":133,"text":85931},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85813,"depth":133,"text":85933},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71028,"depth":133,"text":71029},{"id":85831,"depth":133,"text":85936},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85847,"depth":133,"text":85938},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83985,"description":85940},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85947,"title":85948,"body":85949,"description":88128,"extension":1524,"meta":88129,"navigation":372,"path":88130,"seo":88131,"stem":88132,"__hash__":88133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85950,"toc":88092},[85951,85954,85960,85966,85968,86049,86058,86062,86067,86069,86114,86116,86196,86202,86204,86207,86239,86241,86259,86261,86334,86336,86355,86359,86362,86398,86400,86467,86541,86614,86619,86623,86629,86632,86649,86652,86654,86715,86717,86737,86743,86747,86750,86820,86823,86842,86847,86923,86926,86930,86936,86940,86945,87015,87019,87024,87098,87102,87105,87180,87191,87195,87200,87290,87295,87363,87366,87385,87396,87400,87403,87408,87411,87473,87476,87487,87492,87495,87498,87503,87506,87509,87513,87516,87522,87525,87536,87538,87600,87615,87621,87624,87627,87638,87649,87655,87658,87660,87722,87732,87738,87743,87749,87753,87759,87762,87783,87785,87790,87817,87820,87847,87850,87889,87892,87930,87933,87994,87997,87999,88003,88006,88010,88016,88024,88032,88036,88039,88043,88049,88051,88089],[10,85952,85948],{"id":85953},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85955,85956,85959],{},[15,85957,85958],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85961,85962,85963,85965],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85964,85958],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[39,85967,1566],{"id":1565},[44,85969,85971],{"className":46,"code":85970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85972,85973,86022,86038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85974,85975,85978,85981,85983,85985,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86003,86005,86007,86010,86012,86014,86016,86020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85976,85977],{"class":1041},"with",[53,85979,85980],{"class":136}," open",[53,85982,121],{"class":67},[53,85984,72],{"class":71},[53,85986,85987],{"class":75},"example.txt",[53,85989,72],{"class":71},[53,85991,81],{"class":67},[53,85993,84],{"class":71},[53,85995,60037],{"class":75},[53,85997,72],{"class":71},[53,85999,81],{"class":67},[53,86001,86002],{"class":8726}," encoding",[53,86004,64],{"class":63},[53,86006,72],{"class":71},[53,86008,86009],{"class":75},"utf-8",[53,86011,72],{"class":71},[53,86013,145],{"class":67},[53,86015,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86017,86019],{"class":86018},"sMMDD"," file",[53,86021,1053],{"class":67},[53,86023,86024,86027,86029,86031,86033,86036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86025,86026],{"class":59},"    content ",[53,86028,64],{"class":63},[53,86030,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86032,37],{"class":67},[53,86034,86035],{"class":117},"read",[53,86037,8192],{"class":67},[53,86039,86040,86042,86044,86047],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86041,1058],{"class":136},[53,86043,121],{"class":67},[53,86045,86046],{"class":117},"content",[53,86048,130],{"class":67},[20,86050,152,86051,86053,86054,86057],{},[15,86052,85977],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86055,86056],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[39,86059,86061],{"id":86060},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86063,86064,86066],{},[15,86065,85958],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86068,11008],{},[173,86070,86071,86074,86079,86084],{},[176,86072,86073],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[176,86075,40447,86076,86078],{},[30,86077,1112],{}," read or write anything by itself",[176,86080,16970,86081],{},[30,86082,86083],{},"file object",[176,86085,86086,86087],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[173,86088,86089,86094,86099,86104,86109],{},[176,86090,86091],{},[15,86092,86093],{},"read()",[176,86095,86096],{},[15,86097,86098],{},"readline()",[176,86100,86101],{},[15,86102,86103],{},"readlines()",[176,86105,86106],{},[15,86107,86108],{},"write()",[176,86110,86111],{},[15,86112,86113],{},"close()",[20,86115,316],{},[44,86117,86119],{"className":46,"code":86118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86120,86121,86160,86175,86185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86122,86123,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86124,86125],{"class":86018},"file",[53,86127,12826],{"class":63},[53,86129,85980],{"class":136},[53,86131,121],{"class":67},[53,86133,72],{"class":71},[53,86135,85987],{"class":75},[53,86137,72],{"class":71},[53,86139,81],{"class":67},[53,86141,84],{"class":71},[53,86143,60037],{"class":75},[53,86145,72],{"class":71},[53,86147,81],{"class":67},[53,86149,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86151,64],{"class":63},[53,86153,72],{"class":71},[53,86155,86009],{"class":75},[53,86157,72],{"class":71},[53,86159,130],{"class":67},[53,86161,86162,86165,86167,86169,86171,86173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86163,86164],{"class":59},"content ",[53,86166,64],{"class":63},[53,86168,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86170,37],{"class":67},[53,86172,86035],{"class":117},[53,86174,8192],{"class":67},[53,86176,86177,86179,86181,86183],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86178,137],{"class":136},[53,86180,121],{"class":67},[53,86182,86046],{"class":117},[53,86184,130],{"class":67},[53,86186,86187,86189,86191,86194],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,86188,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86190,37],{"class":67},[53,86192,86193],{"class":117},"close",[53,86195,8192],{"class":67},[20,86197,86198,86199,86201],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86200,85977],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[39,86203,202],{"id":201},[20,86205,86206],{},"A common form is:",[44,86208,86210],{"className":46,"code":86209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86211,86212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86213,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86215,41969],{"class":136},[53,86217,121],{"class":67},[53,86219,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86221,81],{"class":67},[53,86223,86224],{"class":117}," mode",[53,86226,81],{"class":67},[53,86228,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86230,64],{"class":63},[53,86232,72],{"class":71},[53,86234,86009],{"class":75},[53,86236,72],{"class":71},[53,86238,130],{"class":67},[20,86240,261],{},[173,86242,86243,86248,86253],{},[176,86244,86245,86247],{},[15,86246,86125],{}," is the file name or file path",[176,86249,86250,86252],{},[15,86251,20466],{}," controls how the file is opened",[176,86254,86255,86258],{},[15,86256,86257],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86260,316],{},[44,86262,86264],{"className":46,"code":86263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86265,86266,86309,86324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86267,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86269,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86271,85980],{"class":136},[53,86273,121],{"class":67},[53,86275,72],{"class":71},[53,86277,86278],{"class":75},"notes.txt",[53,86280,72],{"class":71},[53,86282,81],{"class":67},[53,86284,84],{"class":71},[53,86286,60037],{"class":75},[53,86288,72],{"class":71},[53,86290,81],{"class":67},[53,86292,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86294,64],{"class":63},[53,86296,72],{"class":71},[53,86298,86009],{"class":75},[53,86300,72],{"class":71},[53,86302,145],{"class":67},[53,86304,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86306,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86308,1053],{"class":67},[53,86310,86311,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86312,86313],{"class":59},"    text ",[53,86315,64],{"class":63},[53,86317,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86319,37],{"class":67},[53,86321,86035],{"class":117},[53,86323,8192],{"class":67},[53,86325,86326,86328,86330,86332],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86327,1058],{"class":136},[53,86329,121],{"class":67},[53,86331,34254],{"class":117},[53,86333,130],{"class":67},[20,86335,19504],{},[173,86337,86338,86344,86349],{},[176,86339,86340,86343],{},[15,86341,86342],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[176,86345,86346,86348],{},[15,86347,86056],{}," means open for reading",[176,86350,86351,86354],{},[15,86352,86353],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[39,86356,86358],{"id":86357},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86360,86361],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[173,86363,86364,86369,86375,86380,86386,86392],{},[176,86365,86366,86368],{},[15,86367,86056],{}," = read a text file",[176,86370,86371,86374],{},[15,86372,86373],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[176,86376,86377,86379],{},[15,86378,17643],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[176,86381,86382,86385],{},[15,86383,86384],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[176,86387,86388,86391],{},[15,86389,86390],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[176,86393,86394,86397],{},[15,86395,86396],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86399,1687],{},[44,86401,86403],{"className":46,"code":86402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86404,86405,86410,86453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86406,86407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86408,86409],{"class":148},"# Read a text file\n",[53,86411,86412,86414,86416,86418,86420,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86413,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86415,85980],{"class":136},[53,86417,121],{"class":67},[53,86419,72],{"class":71},[53,86421,86422],{"class":75},"data.txt",[53,86424,72],{"class":71},[53,86426,81],{"class":67},[53,86428,84],{"class":71},[53,86430,60037],{"class":75},[53,86432,72],{"class":71},[53,86434,81],{"class":67},[53,86436,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86438,64],{"class":63},[53,86440,72],{"class":71},[53,86442,86009],{"class":75},[53,86444,72],{"class":71},[53,86446,145],{"class":67},[53,86448,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86450,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86452,1053],{"class":67},[53,86454,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86456,1058],{"class":136},[53,86458,121],{"class":67},[53,86460,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86462,37],{"class":67},[53,86464,86035],{"class":117},[53,86466,6745],{"class":67},[44,86468,86470],{"className":46,"code":86469,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86471,86472,86477,86519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86473,86474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86475,86476],{"class":148},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[53,86478,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86480,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86482,85980],{"class":136},[53,86484,121],{"class":67},[53,86486,72],{"class":71},[53,86488,86422],{"class":75},[53,86490,72],{"class":71},[53,86492,81],{"class":67},[53,86494,84],{"class":71},[53,86496,60020],{"class":75},[53,86498,72],{"class":71},[53,86500,81],{"class":67},[53,86502,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86504,64],{"class":63},[53,86506,72],{"class":71},[53,86508,86009],{"class":75},[53,86510,72],{"class":71},[53,86512,145],{"class":67},[53,86514,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86516,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86518,1053],{"class":67},[53,86520,86521,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86537,86539],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86522,86523],{"class":86018},"    file",[53,86525,37],{"class":67},[53,86527,69578],{"class":117},[53,86529,121],{"class":67},[53,86531,72],{"class":71},[53,86533,34413],{"class":75},[53,86535,86536],{"class":33998},"\\n",[53,86538,72],{"class":71},[53,86540,130],{"class":67},[44,86542,86544],{"className":46,"code":86543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86545,86546,86551,86593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86547,86548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86549,86550],{"class":148},"# Append to a text file\n",[53,86552,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86554,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86556,85980],{"class":136},[53,86558,121],{"class":67},[53,86560,72],{"class":71},[53,86562,86422],{"class":75},[53,86564,72],{"class":71},[53,86566,81],{"class":67},[53,86568,84],{"class":71},[53,86570,195],{"class":75},[53,86572,72],{"class":71},[53,86574,81],{"class":67},[53,86576,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86578,64],{"class":63},[53,86580,72],{"class":71},[53,86582,86009],{"class":75},[53,86584,72],{"class":71},[53,86586,145],{"class":67},[53,86588,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86590,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86592,1053],{"class":67},[53,86594,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603,86605,86608,86610,86612],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86596,86523],{"class":86018},[53,86598,37],{"class":67},[53,86600,69578],{"class":117},[53,86602,121],{"class":67},[53,86604,72],{"class":71},[53,86606,86607],{"class":75},"Another line",[53,86609,86536],{"class":33998},[53,86611,72],{"class":71},[53,86613,130],{"class":67},[20,86615,68730,86616,86618],{},[15,86617,86373],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[39,86620,86622],{"id":86621},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86624,86625,21520,86627,37],{},[15,86626,85958],{},[30,86628,86083],{},[20,86630,86631],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[173,86633,86634,86639,86644],{},[176,86635,86636],{},[15,86637,86638],{},"file.read()",[176,86640,86641],{},[15,86642,86643],{},"file.write()",[176,86645,86646],{},[15,86647,86648],{},"file.close()",[20,86650,86651],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86653,316],{},[44,86655,86657],{"className":46,"code":86656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86658,86659,86701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86660,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697,86699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86662,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86664,85980],{"class":136},[53,86666,121],{"class":67},[53,86668,72],{"class":71},[53,86670,85987],{"class":75},[53,86672,72],{"class":71},[53,86674,81],{"class":67},[53,86676,84],{"class":71},[53,86678,60037],{"class":75},[53,86680,72],{"class":71},[53,86682,81],{"class":67},[53,86684,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86686,64],{"class":63},[53,86688,72],{"class":71},[53,86690,86009],{"class":75},[53,86692,72],{"class":71},[53,86694,145],{"class":67},[53,86696,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86698,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86700,1053],{"class":67},[53,86702,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86704,1058],{"class":136},[53,86706,121],{"class":67},[53,86708,1321],{"class":1320},[53,86710,121],{"class":67},[53,86712,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86714,628],{"class":67},[20,86716,29574],{},[44,86718,86720],{"className":46,"code":86719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86721,86722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86723,86724,86726,86728,86730,86733,86735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86725,2851],{"class":63},[53,86727,2854],{"class":1627},[53,86729,2857],{"class":71},[53,86731,86732],{"class":75},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[53,86734,2862],{"class":71},[53,86736,2865],{"class":63},[20,86738,86739,86740,86742],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86741,85958],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[39,86744,86746],{"id":86745},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86748,86749],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[44,86751,86752],{"className":46,"code":85970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86753,86754,86796,86810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86755,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86757,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86759,85980],{"class":136},[53,86761,121],{"class":67},[53,86763,72],{"class":71},[53,86765,85987],{"class":75},[53,86767,72],{"class":71},[53,86769,81],{"class":67},[53,86771,84],{"class":71},[53,86773,60037],{"class":75},[53,86775,72],{"class":71},[53,86777,81],{"class":67},[53,86779,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86781,64],{"class":63},[53,86783,72],{"class":71},[53,86785,86009],{"class":75},[53,86787,72],{"class":71},[53,86789,145],{"class":67},[53,86791,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86793,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86795,1053],{"class":67},[53,86797,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86799,86026],{"class":59},[53,86801,64],{"class":63},[53,86803,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86805,37],{"class":67},[53,86807,86035],{"class":117},[53,86809,8192],{"class":67},[53,86811,86812,86814,86816,86818],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86813,1058],{"class":136},[53,86815,121],{"class":67},[53,86817,86046],{"class":117},[53,86819,130],{"class":67},[20,86821,86822],{},"Why this is recommended:",[173,86824,86825,86830,86836,86839],{},[176,86826,86827,86829],{},[15,86828,85977],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[176,86831,86832,86833,86835],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86834,86113],{}," yourself",[176,86837,86838],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[176,86840,86841],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86843,83135,86844,86846],{},[15,86845,85977],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[44,86848,86849],{"className":46,"code":86118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86850,86851,86889,86903,86913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86852,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86854,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86856,12826],{"class":63},[53,86858,85980],{"class":136},[53,86860,121],{"class":67},[53,86862,72],{"class":71},[53,86864,85987],{"class":75},[53,86866,72],{"class":71},[53,86868,81],{"class":67},[53,86870,84],{"class":71},[53,86872,60037],{"class":75},[53,86874,72],{"class":71},[53,86876,81],{"class":67},[53,86878,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86880,64],{"class":63},[53,86882,72],{"class":71},[53,86884,86009],{"class":75},[53,86886,72],{"class":71},[53,86888,130],{"class":67},[53,86890,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86892,86164],{"class":59},[53,86894,64],{"class":63},[53,86896,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86898,37],{"class":67},[53,86900,86035],{"class":117},[53,86902,8192],{"class":67},[53,86904,86905,86907,86909,86911],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,86906,137],{"class":136},[53,86908,121],{"class":67},[53,86910,86046],{"class":117},[53,86912,130],{"class":67},[53,86914,86915,86917,86919,86921],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,86916,86125],{"class":86018},[53,86918,37],{"class":67},[53,86920,86193],{"class":117},[53,86922,8192],{"class":67},[20,86924,86925],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[39,86927,86929],{"id":86928},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86931,86932,86933,86935],{},"Use mode ",[15,86934,86056],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1418,86937,86939],{"id":86938},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86941,86942,86944],{},[15,86943,86093],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[44,86946,86947],{"className":46,"code":85970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86948,86949,86991,87005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86950,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86952,85977],{"class":1041},[53,86954,85980],{"class":136},[53,86956,121],{"class":67},[53,86958,72],{"class":71},[53,86960,85987],{"class":75},[53,86962,72],{"class":71},[53,86964,81],{"class":67},[53,86966,84],{"class":71},[53,86968,60037],{"class":75},[53,86970,72],{"class":71},[53,86972,81],{"class":67},[53,86974,86002],{"class":8726},[53,86976,64],{"class":63},[53,86978,72],{"class":71},[53,86980,86009],{"class":75},[53,86982,72],{"class":71},[53,86984,145],{"class":67},[53,86986,46899],{"class":1041},[53,86988,86019],{"class":86018},[53,86990,1053],{"class":67},[53,86992,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86994,86026],{"class":59},[53,86996,64],{"class":63},[53,86998,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87000,37],{"class":67},[53,87002,86035],{"class":117},[53,87004,8192],{"class":67},[53,87006,87007,87009,87011,87013],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,87008,1058],{"class":136},[53,87010,121],{"class":67},[53,87012,86046],{"class":117},[53,87014,130],{"class":67},[1418,87016,87018],{"id":87017},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87020,87021,87023],{},[15,87022,86098],{}," reads one line at a time.",[44,87025,87027],{"className":46,"code":87026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87028,87029,87071,87087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87030,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87032,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87034,85980],{"class":136},[53,87036,121],{"class":67},[53,87038,72],{"class":71},[53,87040,85987],{"class":75},[53,87042,72],{"class":71},[53,87044,81],{"class":67},[53,87046,84],{"class":71},[53,87048,60037],{"class":75},[53,87050,72],{"class":71},[53,87052,81],{"class":67},[53,87054,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87056,64],{"class":63},[53,87058,72],{"class":71},[53,87060,86009],{"class":75},[53,87062,72],{"class":71},[53,87064,145],{"class":67},[53,87066,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87068,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87070,1053],{"class":67},[53,87072,87073,87076,87078,87080,87082,87085],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87074,87075],{"class":59},"    first_line ",[53,87077,64],{"class":63},[53,87079,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87081,37],{"class":67},[53,87083,87084],{"class":117},"readline",[53,87086,8192],{"class":67},[53,87088,87089,87091,87093,87096],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,87090,1058],{"class":136},[53,87092,121],{"class":67},[53,87094,87095],{"class":117},"first_line",[53,87097,130],{"class":67},[1418,87099,87101],{"id":87100},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87103,87104],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[44,87106,87108],{"className":46,"code":87107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87109,87110,87152,87166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87111,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87113,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87115,85980],{"class":136},[53,87117,121],{"class":67},[53,87119,72],{"class":71},[53,87121,85987],{"class":75},[53,87123,72],{"class":71},[53,87125,81],{"class":67},[53,87127,84],{"class":71},[53,87129,60037],{"class":75},[53,87131,72],{"class":71},[53,87133,81],{"class":67},[53,87135,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87137,64],{"class":63},[53,87139,72],{"class":71},[53,87141,86009],{"class":75},[53,87143,72],{"class":71},[53,87145,145],{"class":67},[53,87147,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87149,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87151,1053],{"class":67},[53,87153,87154,87157,87160,87162,87164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87155,87156],{"class":1041},"    for",[53,87158,87159],{"class":59}," line ",[53,87161,1048],{"class":1041},[53,87163,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87165,1053],{"class":67},[53,87167,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,87169,46879],{"class":136},[53,87171,121],{"class":67},[53,87173,55],{"class":117},[53,87175,37],{"class":67},[53,87177,8183],{"class":117},[53,87179,6745],{"class":67},[20,87181,87182,87183,2438,87187,37],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[195,87184,87186],{"href":87185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[195,87188,87190],{"href":87189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[39,87192,87194],{"id":87193},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87196,152,87197,87199],{},[15,87198,86373],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[44,87201,87203],{"className":46,"code":87202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87204,87205,87248,87269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87206,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87208,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87210,85980],{"class":136},[53,87212,121],{"class":67},[53,87214,72],{"class":71},[53,87216,87217],{"class":75},"output.txt",[53,87219,72],{"class":71},[53,87221,81],{"class":67},[53,87223,84],{"class":71},[53,87225,60020],{"class":75},[53,87227,72],{"class":71},[53,87229,81],{"class":67},[53,87231,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87233,64],{"class":63},[53,87235,72],{"class":71},[53,87237,86009],{"class":75},[53,87239,72],{"class":71},[53,87241,145],{"class":67},[53,87243,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87245,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87247,1053],{"class":67},[53,87249,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87263,87265,87267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87251,86523],{"class":86018},[53,87253,37],{"class":67},[53,87255,69578],{"class":117},[53,87257,121],{"class":67},[53,87259,72],{"class":71},[53,87261,87262],{"class":75},"First line",[53,87264,86536],{"class":33998},[53,87266,72],{"class":71},[53,87268,130],{"class":67},[53,87270,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87284,87286,87288],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,87272,86523],{"class":86018},[53,87274,37],{"class":67},[53,87276,69578],{"class":117},[53,87278,121],{"class":67},[53,87280,72],{"class":71},[53,87282,87283],{"class":75},"Second line",[53,87285,86536],{"class":33998},[53,87287,72],{"class":71},[53,87289,130],{"class":67},[20,87291,152,87292,87294],{},[15,87293,17643],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[44,87296,87298],{"className":46,"code":87297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87299,87300,87342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87301,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87303,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87305,85980],{"class":136},[53,87307,121],{"class":67},[53,87309,72],{"class":71},[53,87311,87217],{"class":75},[53,87313,72],{"class":71},[53,87315,81],{"class":67},[53,87317,84],{"class":71},[53,87319,195],{"class":75},[53,87321,72],{"class":71},[53,87323,81],{"class":67},[53,87325,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87327,64],{"class":63},[53,87329,72],{"class":71},[53,87331,86009],{"class":75},[53,87333,72],{"class":71},[53,87335,145],{"class":67},[53,87337,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87339,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87341,1053],{"class":67},[53,87343,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87357,87359,87361],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87345,86523],{"class":86018},[53,87347,37],{"class":67},[53,87349,69578],{"class":117},[53,87351,121],{"class":67},[53,87353,72],{"class":71},[53,87355,87356],{"class":75},"Third line",[53,87358,86536],{"class":33998},[53,87360,72],{"class":71},[53,87362,130],{"class":67},[20,87364,87365],{},"Important detail:",[173,87367,87368,87373,87380],{},[176,87369,87370,87372],{},[15,87371,86108],{}," writes a string",[176,87374,87375,13604,87377,87379],{},[15,87376,86108],{},[30,87378,1112],{}," add a newline for you",[176,87381,87382,87383,86835],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87384,86536],{},[20,87386,87387,87388,2438,87392,37],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[195,87389,87391],{"href":87390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[195,87393,87395],{"href":87394},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[39,87397,87399],{"id":87398},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87401,87402],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1418,87404,87406],{"id":87405},"encodingutf-8",[15,87407,86353],{},[20,87409,87410],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[44,87412,87414],{"className":46,"code":87413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87415,87416,87459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87417,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87419,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87421,85980],{"class":136},[53,87423,121],{"class":67},[53,87425,72],{"class":71},[53,87427,87428],{"class":75},"message.txt",[53,87430,72],{"class":71},[53,87432,81],{"class":67},[53,87434,84],{"class":71},[53,87436,60037],{"class":75},[53,87438,72],{"class":71},[53,87440,81],{"class":67},[53,87442,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87444,64],{"class":63},[53,87446,72],{"class":71},[53,87448,86009],{"class":75},[53,87450,72],{"class":71},[53,87452,145],{"class":67},[53,87454,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87456,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87458,1053],{"class":67},[53,87460,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87462,1058],{"class":136},[53,87464,121],{"class":67},[53,87466,86125],{"class":86018},[53,87468,37],{"class":67},[53,87470,86035],{"class":117},[53,87472,6745],{"class":67},[20,87474,87475],{},"Why it matters:",[173,87477,87478,87481,87484],{},[176,87479,87480],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[176,87482,87483],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[176,87485,87486],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1418,87488,87490],{"id":87489},"newline",[15,87491,87489],{},[20,87493,87494],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87496,87497],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1418,87499,87501],{"id":87500},"buffering",[15,87502,87500],{},[20,87504,87505],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87507,87508],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[39,87510,87512],{"id":87511},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87514,87515],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1418,87517,87519],{"id":87518},"filenotfounderror",[15,87520,87521],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87523,87524],{},"This happens when:",[173,87526,87527,87530,87533],{},[176,87528,87529],{},"the file does not exist",[176,87531,87532],{},"the path is wrong",[176,87534,87535],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87537,316],{},[44,87539,87541],{"className":46,"code":87540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87542,87543,87586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87544,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87546,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87548,85980],{"class":136},[53,87550,121],{"class":67},[53,87552,72],{"class":71},[53,87554,87555],{"class":75},"missing.txt",[53,87557,72],{"class":71},[53,87559,81],{"class":67},[53,87561,84],{"class":71},[53,87563,60037],{"class":75},[53,87565,72],{"class":71},[53,87567,81],{"class":67},[53,87569,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87571,64],{"class":63},[53,87573,72],{"class":71},[53,87575,86009],{"class":75},[53,87577,72],{"class":71},[53,87579,145],{"class":67},[53,87581,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87583,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87585,1053],{"class":67},[53,87587,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87589,1058],{"class":136},[53,87591,121],{"class":67},[53,87593,86125],{"class":86018},[53,87595,37],{"class":67},[53,87597,86035],{"class":117},[53,87599,6745],{"class":67},[20,87601,87602,87603,667,87611,37],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[195,87604,87606,87607,87610],{"href":87605},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[53,87608,87609],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[195,87612,87614],{"href":87613},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1418,87616,87618],{"id":87617},"permissionerror",[15,87619,87620],{},"PermissionError",[20,87622,87623],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87625,87626],{},"Example causes:",[173,87628,87629,87632,87635],{},[176,87630,87631],{},"the file is protected",[176,87633,87634],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[176,87636,87637],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87639,87640,87641],{},"Related page: ",[195,87642,87644,87645,87648],{"href":87643},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[53,87646,87647],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1418,87650,87652],{"id":87651},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87653,87654],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87656,87657],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87659,316],{},[44,87661,87663],{"className":46,"code":87662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87664,87665,87708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87666,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87668,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87670,85980],{"class":136},[53,87672,121],{"class":67},[53,87674,72],{"class":71},[53,87676,87677],{"class":75},"my_folder",[53,87679,72],{"class":71},[53,87681,81],{"class":67},[53,87683,84],{"class":71},[53,87685,60037],{"class":75},[53,87687,72],{"class":71},[53,87689,81],{"class":67},[53,87691,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87693,64],{"class":63},[53,87695,72],{"class":71},[53,87697,86009],{"class":75},[53,87699,72],{"class":71},[53,87701,145],{"class":67},[53,87703,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87705,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87707,1053],{"class":67},[53,87709,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87711,1058],{"class":136},[53,87713,121],{"class":67},[53,87715,86125],{"class":86018},[53,87717,37],{"class":67},[53,87719,86035],{"class":117},[53,87721,6745],{"class":67},[20,87723,87640,87724],{},[195,87725,87727,87728,87731],{"href":87726},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[53,87729,87730],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1418,87733,87735],{"id":87734},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87736,87737],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87739,87740,87741,37],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87742,85958],{},[20,87744,87640,87745],{},[195,87746,87748],{"href":87747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[39,87750,87752],{"id":87751},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87754,87755,87756,87758],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87757,85958],{}," function.",[20,87760,87761],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[173,87763,87764,87767,87770,87776],{},[176,87765,87766],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[176,87768,87769],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[176,87771,87772,87773,87775],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87774,85958],{}," itself",[176,87777,87778,87779],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[195,87780,87782],{"href":87781},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[39,87784,2389],{"id":2388},[20,87786,87787,87788,171],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87789,85958],{},[173,87791,87792,87797,87803,87808,87811,87814],{},[176,87793,664,87794,87796],{},[15,87795,86056],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[176,87798,87799,87800,87802],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87801,86257],{}," for text files",[176,87804,664,87805,87807],{},[15,87806,86373],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[176,87809,87810],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[176,87812,87813],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[176,87815,87816],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87818,87819],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[44,87821,87823],{"className":46,"code":87822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87824,87825,87832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87826,87827,87829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87828,34637],{"class":1041},[53,87830,87831],{"class":59}," os\n",[53,87833,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87835,137],{"class":136},[53,87837,121],{"class":67},[53,87839,42168],{"class":117},[53,87841,37],{"class":67},[53,87843,87844],{"class":117},"getcwd",[53,87846,6745],{"class":67},[20,87848,87849],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[44,87851,87853],{"className":46,"code":87852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87854,87855,87861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87856,87857,87859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87858,34637],{"class":1041},[53,87860,87831],{"class":59},[53,87862,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87874,87876,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87864,137],{"class":136},[53,87866,121],{"class":67},[53,87868,42168],{"class":117},[53,87870,37],{"class":67},[53,87872,87873],{"class":1223},"path",[53,87875,37],{"class":67},[53,87877,87878],{"class":117},"exists",[53,87880,121],{"class":67},[53,87882,72],{"class":71},[53,87884,85987],{"class":75},[53,87886,72],{"class":71},[53,87888,628],{"class":67},[20,87890,87891],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[44,87893,87895],{"className":46,"code":87894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87896,87897,87903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87898,87899,87901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87900,34637],{"class":1041},[53,87902,87831],{"class":59},[53,87904,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87917,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87906,137],{"class":136},[53,87908,121],{"class":67},[53,87910,42168],{"class":117},[53,87912,37],{"class":67},[53,87914,87873],{"class":1223},[53,87916,37],{"class":67},[53,87918,87919],{"class":117},"isfile",[53,87921,121],{"class":67},[53,87923,72],{"class":71},[53,87925,85987],{"class":75},[53,87927,72],{"class":71},[53,87929,628],{"class":67},[20,87931,87932],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[44,87934,87936],{"className":46,"code":87935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87937,87938,87980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87939,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87941,85977],{"class":1041},[53,87943,85980],{"class":136},[53,87945,121],{"class":67},[53,87947,72],{"class":71},[53,87949,85987],{"class":75},[53,87951,72],{"class":71},[53,87953,81],{"class":67},[53,87955,84],{"class":71},[53,87957,60037],{"class":75},[53,87959,72],{"class":71},[53,87961,81],{"class":67},[53,87963,86002],{"class":8726},[53,87965,64],{"class":63},[53,87967,72],{"class":71},[53,87969,86009],{"class":75},[53,87971,72],{"class":71},[53,87973,145],{"class":67},[53,87975,46899],{"class":1041},[53,87977,86019],{"class":86018},[53,87979,1053],{"class":67},[53,87981,87982,87984,87986,87988,87990,87992],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87983,1058],{"class":136},[53,87985,121],{"class":67},[53,87987,86125],{"class":86018},[53,87989,37],{"class":67},[53,87991,86035],{"class":117},[53,87993,6745],{"class":67},[20,87995,87996],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[39,87998,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,88000,88002],{"id":88001},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88004,88005],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1418,88007,88009],{"id":88008},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88011,88012,88013,88015],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88014,85977],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1418,88017,4731,88019,667,88021,88023],{"id":88018},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88020,86373],{},[15,88022,17643],{}," mode?",[20,88025,88026,88028,88029,88031],{},[15,88027,86373],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88030,17643],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1418,88033,88035],{"id":88034},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88037,88038],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1418,88040,88042],{"id":88041},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88044,88045,88046,88048],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88047,86353],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[39,88050,1471],{"id":1470},[173,88052,88053,88057,88061,88065,88069,88073,88077,88083],{},[176,88054,88055],{},[195,88056,87186],{"href":87185},[176,88058,88059],{},[195,88060,87391],{"href":87390},[176,88062,88063],{},[195,88064,87395],{"href":87394},[176,88066,88067],{},[195,88068,87190],{"href":87189},[176,88070,88071],{},[195,88072,87782],{"href":87781},[176,88074,88075],{},[195,88076,87614],{"href":87613},[176,88078,88079],{},[195,88080,87606,88081,87610],{"href":87605},[53,88082,87609],{},[176,88084,88085],{},[195,88086,87644,88087,87648],{"href":87643},[53,88088,87647],{},[1494,88090,88091],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":88093},[88094,88095,88096,88097,88098,88099,88100,88105,88106,88111,88117,88118,88119,88127],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":86060,"depth":104,"text":86061},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":86357,"depth":104,"text":86358},{"id":86621,"depth":104,"text":86622},{"id":86745,"depth":104,"text":86746},{"id":86928,"depth":104,"text":86929,"children":88101},[88102,88103,88104],{"id":86938,"depth":133,"text":86939},{"id":87017,"depth":133,"text":87018},{"id":87100,"depth":133,"text":87101},{"id":87193,"depth":104,"text":87194},{"id":87398,"depth":104,"text":87399,"children":88107},[88108,88109,88110],{"id":87405,"depth":133,"text":86353},{"id":87489,"depth":133,"text":87489},{"id":87500,"depth":133,"text":87500},{"id":87511,"depth":104,"text":87512,"children":88112},[88113,88114,88115,88116],{"id":87518,"depth":133,"text":87521},{"id":87617,"depth":133,"text":87620},{"id":87651,"depth":133,"text":87654},{"id":87734,"depth":133,"text":87737},{"id":87751,"depth":104,"text":87752},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":88120},[88121,88122,88123,88125,88126],{"id":88001,"depth":133,"text":88002},{"id":88008,"depth":133,"text":88009},{"id":88018,"depth":133,"text":88124},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88034,"depth":133,"text":88035},{"id":88041,"depth":133,"text":88042},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85948,"description":88128},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88135,"title":88136,"body":88137,"description":90132,"extension":1524,"meta":90133,"navigation":372,"path":90134,"seo":90135,"stem":90136,"__hash__":90137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88138,"toc":90079},[88139,88144,88149,88155,88157,88225,88227,88246,88251,88256,88261,88264,88276,88278,88321,88323,88341,88352,88354,88356,88381,88383,88394,88396,88456,88458,88484,88487,88491,88496,88500,88503,88537,88541,88544,88569,88573,88596,88600,88633,88638,88642,88647,88650,88718,88720,88744,88749,88752,88783,88785,88817,88834,88838,88843,88867,88874,88879,88884,88887,88891,88926,88928,88937,88941,89032,89034,89065,89070,89077,89082,89091,89094,89128,89130,89144,89148,89189,89191,89200,89204,89252,89254,89268,89273,89284,89291,89297,89299,89334,89336,89350,89353,89375,89381,89410,89421,89427,89433,89447,89449,89528,89530,89580,89587,89589,89594,89598,89601,89616,89621,89623,89642,89648,89651,89666,89668,89686,89692,89697,89727,89730,89753,89756,89783,89790,89796,89804,89827,89832,89840,89842,89862,89866,89872,89922,89925,89947,89949,89955,89963,89969,89975,89983,89988,89992,89995,90018,90023,90030,90042,90044,90076],[10,88140,3138,88142,3142],{"id":88141},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88143,45996],{},[20,88145,31862,88146,88148],{},[15,88147,45996],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88150,88151,88152,88154],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88153,45996],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[39,88156,1566],{"id":1565},[44,88158,88160],{"className":46,"code":88159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88161,88162,88174,88183,88187,88197,88207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88163,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88165,7426],{"class":59},[53,88167,64],{"class":63},[53,88169,84],{"class":71},[53,88171,7471],{"class":75},[53,88173,1032],{"class":71},[53,88175,88176,88178,88180],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88177,21173],{"class":59},[53,88179,64],{"class":63},[53,88181,88182],{"class":333}," 12\n",[53,88184,88185],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88186,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,88188,88189,88191,88193,88195],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,88190,137],{"class":136},[53,88192,121],{"class":67},[53,88194,7220],{"class":117},[53,88196,130],{"class":67},[53,88198,88199,88201,88203,88205],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,88200,137],{"class":136},[53,88202,121],{"class":67},[53,88204,8850],{"class":117},[53,88206,130],{"class":67},[53,88208,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,88210,137],{"class":136},[53,88212,121],{"class":67},[53,88214,72],{"class":71},[53,88216,34413],{"class":75},[53,88218,72],{"class":71},[53,88220,81],{"class":67},[53,88222,35538],{"class":117},[53,88224,130],{"class":67},[20,88226,388],{},[44,88228,88230],{"className":46,"code":88229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88231,88232,88237,88241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88233,88234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88235,88236],{"class":59},"Mia\n",[53,88238,88239],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88240,1786],{"class":333},[53,88242,88243],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88244,88245],{"class":59},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88247,152,88248,88250],{},[15,88249,45996],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[39,88252,163,88254,166],{"id":88253},"what-print-does",[15,88255,45996],{},[20,88257,88258,88260],{},[15,88259,45996],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88262,88263],{},"You can use it to display:",[173,88265,88266,88268,88270,88273],{},[176,88267,34254],{},[176,88269,3209],{},[176,88271,88272],{},"variables",[176,88274,88275],{},"expressions",[20,88277,316],{},[44,88279,88281],{"className":46,"code":88280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88282,88283,88297,88307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88284,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88286,137],{"class":136},[53,88288,121],{"class":67},[53,88290,72],{"class":71},[53,88292,34413],{"class":75},[53,88294,72],{"class":71},[53,88296,130],{"class":67},[53,88298,88299,88301,88303,88305],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88300,137],{"class":136},[53,88302,121],{"class":67},[53,88304,1698],{"class":333},[53,88306,130],{"class":67},[53,88308,88309,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88310,137],{"class":136},[53,88312,121],{"class":67},[53,88314,525],{"class":333},[53,88316,2013],{"class":63},[53,88318,1269],{"class":333},[53,88320,130],{"class":67},[20,88322,388],{},[44,88324,88326],{"className":46,"code":88325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88327,88328,88333,88337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88329,88330],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88331,88332],{"class":59},"Hello\n",[53,88334,88335],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88336,2507],{"class":333},[53,88338,88339],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88340,2507],{"class":333},[20,88342,88343,88344,88346,88347,88351],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88345,45996],{}," ",[30,88348,3251,88349],{},[15,88350,3338],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[39,88353,202],{"id":201},[20,88355,205],{},[44,88357,88359],{"className":46,"code":88358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88360,88361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88362,88363,88365,88367,88370,88372,88375,88377,88379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88364,137],{"class":136},[53,88366,121],{"class":67},[53,88368,88369],{"class":117},"object1",[53,88371,81],{"class":67},[53,88373,88374],{"class":117}," object2",[53,88376,81],{"class":67},[53,88378,33999],{"class":136},[53,88380,130],{"class":67},[20,88382,79586],{},[173,88384,88385,88388,88391],{},[176,88386,88387],{},"one value",[176,88389,88390],{},"many values",[176,88392,88393],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88395,316],{},[44,88397,88399],{"className":46,"code":88398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88400,88401,88415,88434],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88402,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88404,137],{"class":136},[53,88406,121],{"class":67},[53,88408,72],{"class":71},[53,88410,57303],{"class":75},[53,88412,72],{"class":71},[53,88414,130],{"class":67},[53,88416,88417,88419,88421,88423,88426,88428,88430,88432],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88418,137],{"class":136},[53,88420,121],{"class":67},[53,88422,72],{"class":71},[53,88424,88425],{"class":75},"Score:",[53,88427,72],{"class":71},[53,88429,81],{"class":67},[53,88431,5556],{"class":333},[53,88433,130],{"class":67},[53,88435,88436,88438,88440,88442,88444,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88437,137],{"class":136},[53,88439,121],{"class":67},[53,88441,72],{"class":71},[53,88443,45107],{"class":75},[53,88445,72],{"class":71},[53,88447,81],{"class":67},[53,88449,826],{"class":333},[53,88451,2013],{"class":63},[53,88453,37187],{"class":333},[53,88455,130],{"class":67},[20,88457,388],{},[44,88459,88461],{"className":46,"code":88460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88462,88463,88467,88476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88464,88465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88466,84739],{"class":59},[53,88468,88469,88472,88474],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88470,88471],{"class":59},"Score",[53,88473,171],{"class":67},[53,88475,2145],{"class":333},[53,88477,88478,88480,88482],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88479,45147],{"class":59},[53,88481,171],{"class":67},[53,88483,2145],{"class":333},[20,88485,88486],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[39,88488,88490],{"id":88489},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88492,88493,88494,37],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88495,45996],{},[1418,88497,88499],{"id":88498},"print-text","Print text",[20,88501,88502],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[44,88504,88506],{"className":46,"code":88505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88507,88508,88522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88509,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88511,137],{"class":136},[53,88513,121],{"class":67},[53,88515,72],{"class":71},[53,88517,34413],{"class":75},[53,88519,72],{"class":71},[53,88521,130],{"class":67},[53,88523,88524,88526,88528,88530,88533,88535],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88525,137],{"class":136},[53,88527,121],{"class":67},[53,88529,72],{"class":71},[53,88531,88532],{"class":75},"Python is fun",[53,88534,72],{"class":71},[53,88536,130],{"class":67},[1418,88538,88540],{"id":88539},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88542,88543],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[44,88545,88547],{"className":46,"code":88546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88548,88549,88559],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88550,88551,88553,88555,88557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88552,137],{"class":136},[53,88554,121],{"class":67},[53,88556,1698],{"class":333},[53,88558,130],{"class":67},[53,88560,88561,88563,88565,88567],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88562,137],{"class":136},[53,88564,121],{"class":67},[53,88566,39685],{"class":333},[53,88568,130],{"class":67},[1418,88570,88572],{"id":88571},"print-variables","Print variables",[44,88574,88576],{"className":46,"code":88575,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88577,88578,88586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88579,88580,88582,88584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88581,4650],{"class":59},[53,88583,64],{"class":63},[53,88585,13681],{"class":333},[53,88587,88588,88590,88592,88594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88589,137],{"class":136},[53,88591,121],{"class":67},[53,88593,84903],{"class":117},[53,88595,130],{"class":67},[1418,88597,88599],{"id":88598},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[44,88601,88603],{"className":46,"code":88602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88604,88605,88619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88606,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88608,137],{"class":136},[53,88610,121],{"class":67},[53,88612,525],{"class":333},[53,88614,2013],{"class":63},[53,88616,1269],{"class":333},[53,88618,130],{"class":67},[53,88620,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88622,137],{"class":136},[53,88624,121],{"class":67},[53,88626,334],{"class":333},[53,88628,82215],{"class":63},[53,88630,826],{"class":333},[53,88632,130],{"class":67},[20,88634,88635,88636,37],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[195,88637,50519],{"href":50518},[39,88639,88641],{"id":88640},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88643,88644,88646],{},[15,88645,45996],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88648,88649],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[44,88651,88653],{"className":46,"code":88652,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88654,88655,88668,88676,88680,88699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88658,7426],{"class":59},[53,88660,64],{"class":63},[53,88662,84],{"class":71},[53,88664,88665],{"class":75},"Ava",[53,88667,1032],{"class":71},[53,88669,88670,88672,88674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88671,21173],{"class":59},[53,88673,64],{"class":63},[53,88675,2145],{"class":333},[53,88677,88678],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,88679,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,88681,88682,88684,88686,88688,88691,88693,88695,88697],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,88683,137],{"class":136},[53,88685,121],{"class":67},[53,88687,72],{"class":71},[53,88689,88690],{"class":75},"Name:",[53,88692,72],{"class":71},[53,88694,81],{"class":67},[53,88696,35538],{"class":117},[53,88698,130],{"class":67},[53,88700,88701,88703,88705,88707,88710,88712,88714,88716],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,88702,137],{"class":136},[53,88704,121],{"class":67},[53,88706,72],{"class":71},[53,88708,88709],{"class":75},"Age:",[53,88711,72],{"class":71},[53,88713,81],{"class":67},[53,88715,8739],{"class":117},[53,88717,130],{"class":67},[20,88719,388],{},[44,88721,88723],{"className":46,"code":88722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88724,88725,88735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88726,88727,88730,88732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88728,88729],{"class":59},"Name",[53,88731,171],{"class":67},[53,88733,88734],{"class":59}," Ava\n",[53,88736,88737,88740,88742],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88738,88739],{"class":59},"Age",[53,88741,171],{"class":67},[53,88743,2145],{"class":333},[20,88745,88746,88747,37],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88748,1622],{},[20,88750,88751],{},"For example, this works:",[44,88753,88755],{"className":46,"code":88754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88756,88757,88765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88758,88759,88761,88763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88760,21173],{"class":59},[53,88762,64],{"class":63},[53,88764,2145],{"class":333},[53,88766,88767,88769,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779,88781],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88768,137],{"class":136},[53,88770,121],{"class":67},[53,88772,72],{"class":71},[53,88774,88709],{"class":75},[53,88776,72],{"class":71},[53,88778,81],{"class":67},[53,88780,8739],{"class":117},[53,88782,130],{"class":67},[20,88784,36469],{},[44,88786,88788],{"className":46,"code":88787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88789,88790,88798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88791,88792,88794,88796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88793,21173],{"class":59},[53,88795,64],{"class":63},[53,88797,2145],{"class":333},[53,88799,88800,88802,88804,88806,88809,88811,88813,88815],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88801,137],{"class":136},[53,88803,121],{"class":67},[53,88805,72],{"class":71},[53,88807,88808],{"class":75},"Age: ",[53,88810,72],{"class":71},[53,88812,2013],{"class":63},[53,88814,8739],{"class":117},[53,88816,130],{"class":67},[20,88818,88819,88820,88823,88824,88826,88827,88829,88830,37],{},"That fails because ",[15,88821,88822],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88825,8850],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88828,1622],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[195,88831,88832],{"href":41717},[15,88833,47225],{},[39,88835,88837],{"id":88836},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88839,88840,88842],{},[15,88841,45996],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[173,88844,88845,88851,88856,88861],{},[176,88846,88847,88850],{},[15,88848,88849],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[176,88852,88853,88855],{},[15,88854,279],{}," controls what is added after the output",[176,88857,88858,88860],{},[15,88859,86125],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[176,88862,88863,88866],{},[15,88864,88865],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88868,88869,88870,667,88872,37],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88871,88849],{},[15,88873,279],{},[39,88875,88877,36158],{"id":88876},"sep-argument",[15,88878,88849],{},[20,88880,1541,88881,88883],{},[15,88882,88849],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88885,88886],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1418,88888,88890],{"id":88889},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[44,88892,88894],{"className":46,"code":88893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88895,88896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88897,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918,88920,88922,88924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88899,137],{"class":136},[53,88901,121],{"class":67},[53,88903,72],{"class":71},[53,88905,570],{"class":75},[53,88907,72],{"class":71},[53,88909,81],{"class":67},[53,88911,84],{"class":71},[53,88913,596],{"class":75},[53,88915,72],{"class":71},[53,88917,81],{"class":67},[53,88919,84],{"class":71},[53,88921,579],{"class":75},[53,88923,72],{"class":71},[53,88925,130],{"class":67},[20,88927,388],{},[44,88929,88931],{"className":46,"code":88930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red green blue\n",[15,88932,88933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88934,88935],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88936,88930],{"class":59},[1418,88938,88940],{"id":88939},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[44,88942,88944],{"className":46,"code":88943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88945,88946,88989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88947,88948,88950,88952,88954,88956,88958,88960,88962,88964,88966,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88949,137],{"class":136},[53,88951,121],{"class":67},[53,88953,72],{"class":71},[53,88955,570],{"class":75},[53,88957,72],{"class":71},[53,88959,81],{"class":67},[53,88961,84],{"class":71},[53,88963,596],{"class":75},[53,88965,72],{"class":71},[53,88967,81],{"class":67},[53,88969,84],{"class":71},[53,88971,579],{"class":75},[53,88973,72],{"class":71},[53,88975,81],{"class":67},[53,88977,88978],{"class":8726}," sep",[53,88980,64],{"class":63},[53,88982,72],{"class":71},[53,88984,81],{"class":75},[53,88986,72],{"class":71},[53,88988,130],{"class":67},[53,88990,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023,89025,89028,89030],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88992,137],{"class":136},[53,88994,121],{"class":67},[53,88996,72],{"class":71},[53,88998,570],{"class":75},[53,89000,72],{"class":71},[53,89002,81],{"class":67},[53,89004,84],{"class":71},[53,89006,596],{"class":75},[53,89008,72],{"class":71},[53,89010,81],{"class":67},[53,89012,84],{"class":71},[53,89014,579],{"class":75},[53,89016,72],{"class":71},[53,89018,81],{"class":67},[53,89020,88978],{"class":8726},[53,89022,64],{"class":63},[53,89024,72],{"class":71},[53,89026,89027],{"class":75}," - ",[53,89029,72],{"class":71},[53,89031,130],{"class":67},[20,89033,388],{},[44,89035,89037],{"className":46,"code":89036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89038,89039,89051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89040,89041,89043,89045,89047,89049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89042,570],{"class":59},[53,89044,81],{"class":67},[53,89046,596],{"class":59},[53,89048,81],{"class":67},[53,89050,69364],{"class":59},[53,89052,89053,89056,89058,89061,89063],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89054,89055],{"class":59},"red ",[53,89057,1585],{"class":63},[53,89059,89060],{"class":59}," green ",[53,89062,1585],{"class":63},[53,89064,35427],{"class":59},[20,89066,89067,89069],{},[15,89068,88849],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89071,89072,89073,37],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[195,89074,89076],{"href":89075},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[39,89078,89080,36158],{"id":89079},"end-argument",[15,89081,279],{},[20,89083,89084,89085,89087,89088,89090],{},"By default, ",[15,89086,45996],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89089,45996],{}," starts on a new line.",[1418,89092,88890],{"id":89093},"default-behavior-1",[44,89095,89097],{"className":46,"code":89096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89098,89099,89113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89100,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89102,137],{"class":136},[53,89104,121],{"class":67},[53,89106,72],{"class":71},[53,89108,34413],{"class":75},[53,89110,72],{"class":71},[53,89112,130],{"class":67},[53,89114,89115,89117,89119,89121,89124,89126],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89116,137],{"class":136},[53,89118,121],{"class":67},[53,89120,72],{"class":71},[53,89122,89123],{"class":75},"World",[53,89125,72],{"class":71},[53,89127,130],{"class":67},[20,89129,388],{},[44,89131,89133],{"className":46,"code":89132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89134,89135,89139],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89136,89137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89138,88332],{"class":59},[53,89140,89141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89142,89143],{"class":59},"World\n",[1418,89145,89147],{"id":89146},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[44,89149,89151],{"className":46,"code":89150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89152,89153,89175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89156,137],{"class":136},[53,89158,121],{"class":67},[53,89160,72],{"class":71},[53,89162,34413],{"class":75},[53,89164,72],{"class":71},[53,89166,81],{"class":67},[53,89168,256],{"class":8726},[53,89170,64],{"class":63},[53,89172,5824],{"class":71},[53,89174,130],{"class":67},[53,89176,89177,89179,89181,89183,89185,89187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89178,137],{"class":136},[53,89180,121],{"class":67},[53,89182,72],{"class":71},[53,89184,89123],{"class":75},[53,89186,72],{"class":71},[53,89188,130],{"class":67},[20,89190,388],{},[44,89192,89194],{"className":46,"code":89193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89195,89196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89197,89198],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89199,89193],{"class":59},[1418,89201,89203],{"id":89202},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[44,89205,89207],{"className":46,"code":89206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89208,89209,89238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89210,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229,89232,89234,89236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89212,137],{"class":136},[53,89214,121],{"class":67},[53,89216,72],{"class":71},[53,89218,34413],{"class":75},[53,89220,72],{"class":71},[53,89222,81],{"class":67},[53,89224,256],{"class":8726},[53,89226,64],{"class":63},[53,89228,72],{"class":71},[53,89230,89231],{"class":75},"!",[53,89233,86536],{"class":33998},[53,89235,72],{"class":71},[53,89237,130],{"class":67},[53,89239,89240,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89241,137],{"class":136},[53,89243,121],{"class":67},[53,89245,72],{"class":71},[53,89247,89123],{"class":75},[53,89249,72],{"class":71},[53,89251,130],{"class":67},[20,89253,388],{},[44,89255,89257],{"className":46,"code":89256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89258,89259,89264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89260,89261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89262,89263],{"class":59},"Hello!\n",[53,89265,89266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89267,89143],{"class":59},[20,89269,1541,89270,89272],{},[15,89271,279],{}," argument is useful for:",[173,89274,89275,89278,89281],{},[176,89276,89277],{},"progress messages",[176,89279,89280],{},"inline output",[176,89282,89283],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[39,89285,89287,532,89289],{"id":89286},"print-returns-none",[15,89288,45996],{},[15,89290,3338],{},[20,89292,89293,89294,89296],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89295,45996],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89298,316],{},[44,89300,89302],{"className":46,"code":89301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89303,89304,89324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89305,89306,89308,89310,89313,89315,89317,89320,89322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89307,351],{"class":59},[53,89309,64],{"class":63},[53,89311,89312],{"class":136}," print",[53,89314,121],{"class":67},[53,89316,72],{"class":71},[53,89318,89319],{"class":75},"Hi",[53,89321,72],{"class":71},[53,89323,130],{"class":67},[53,89325,89326,89328,89330,89332],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89327,137],{"class":136},[53,89329,121],{"class":67},[53,89331,383],{"class":117},[53,89333,130],{"class":67},[20,89335,388],{},[44,89337,89339],{"className":46,"code":89338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89340,89341,89346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89342,89343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89344,89345],{"class":59},"Hi\n",[53,89347,89348],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89349,11359],{"class":3413},[20,89351,89352],{},"Why does this happen?",[173,89354,89355,89363,89368],{},[176,89356,89357,89360,89361],{},[15,89358,89359],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89362,89319],{},[176,89364,89365,89366],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89367,3338],{},[176,89369,89370,89371,11471,89373],{},"so ",[15,89372,383],{},[15,89374,3338],{},[20,89376,89377,89378,89380],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89379,45996],{}," call.",[44,89382,89384],{"className":46,"code":89383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89385,89386,89399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89387,89388,89391,89393,89395,89397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89389,89390],{"class":59},"message ",[53,89392,64],{"class":63},[53,89394,84],{"class":71},[53,89396,89319],{"class":75},[53,89398,1032],{"class":71},[53,89400,89401,89403,89405,89408],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89402,137],{"class":136},[53,89404,121],{"class":67},[53,89406,89407],{"class":117},"message",[53,89409,130],{"class":67},[20,89411,89412,89413,89415,89416,89420],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89414,45996],{}," with functions like ",[195,89417,89418],{"href":7769},[15,89419,2518],{},", which do return a value.",[39,89422,89424,89425],{"id":89423},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89426,45996],{},[20,89428,89429,89430,89432],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89431,45996],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[173,89434,89435,89438,89441,89444],{},[176,89436,89437],{},"to display results to the user",[176,89439,89440],{},"to show messages in a script",[176,89442,89443],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[176,89445,89446],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89448,316],{},[44,89450,89452],{"className":46,"code":89451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89453,89454,89462,89466,89486,89497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89455,89456,89458,89460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89457,40724],{"class":59},[53,89459,64],{"class":63},[53,89461,38055],{"class":333},[53,89463,89464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89465,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,89467,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,89469,5510],{"class":1041},[53,89471,5939],{"class":59},[53,89473,1048],{"class":1041},[53,89475,53609],{"class":136},[53,89477,121],{"class":67},[53,89479,517],{"class":333},[53,89481,81],{"class":67},[53,89483,826],{"class":333},[53,89485,7891],{"class":67},[53,89487,89488,89491,89494],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,89489,89490],{"class":59},"    total ",[53,89492,89493],{"class":63},"+=",[53,89495,89496],{"class":59}," number\n",[53,89498,89499,89501,89503,89505,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,89500,1058],{"class":136},[53,89502,121],{"class":67},[53,89504,72],{"class":71},[53,89506,89507],{"class":75},"Current number:",[53,89509,72],{"class":71},[53,89511,81],{"class":67},[53,89513,1758],{"class":117},[53,89515,81],{"class":67},[53,89517,84],{"class":71},[53,89519,45107],{"class":75},[53,89521,72],{"class":71},[53,89523,81],{"class":67},[53,89525,45114],{"class":117},[53,89527,130],{"class":67},[20,89529,388],{},[44,89531,89533],{"className":46,"code":89532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89534,89535,89551,89565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89536,89537,89540,89542,89544,89547,89549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89538,89539],{"class":59},"Current number",[53,89541,171],{"class":67},[53,89543,821],{"class":333},[53,89545,89546],{"class":59}," Total",[53,89548,171],{"class":67},[53,89550,29159],{"class":333},[53,89552,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89554,89539],{"class":59},[53,89556,171],{"class":67},[53,89558,790],{"class":333},[53,89560,89546],{"class":59},[53,89562,171],{"class":67},[53,89564,2135],{"class":333},[53,89566,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,89568,89539],{"class":59},[53,89570,171],{"class":67},[53,89572,1269],{"class":333},[53,89574,89546],{"class":59},[53,89576,171],{"class":67},[53,89578,89579],{"class":333}," 6\n",[20,89581,89582,89583,37],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[195,89584,89586],{"href":89585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[39,89588,2389],{"id":2388},[20,89590,89591,89592,37],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89593,45996],{},[1418,89595,89597],{"id":89596},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89599,89600],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[44,89602,89604],{"className":46,"code":89603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89605,89606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89607,89608,89610,89612,89614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89609,137],{"class":136},[53,89611,121],{"class":67},[53,89613,34413],{"class":117},[53,89615,130],{"class":67},[20,89617,8425,89618,89620],{},[15,89619,34413],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89622,10357],{},[44,89624,89626],{"className":46,"code":89625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89627,89628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89629,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638,89640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89631,137],{"class":136},[53,89633,121],{"class":67},[53,89635,72],{"class":71},[53,89637,34413],{"class":75},[53,89639,72],{"class":71},[53,89641,130],{"class":67},[1418,89643,664,89645,89647],{"id":89644},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89646,137],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89649,89650],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[44,89652,89654],{"className":46,"code":89653,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89655,89656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89657,89658,89660,89662,89664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89659,137],{"class":136},[53,89661,84],{"class":71},[53,89663,34413],{"class":75},[53,89665,1032],{"class":71},[20,89667,10357],{},[44,89669,89670],{"className":46,"code":89625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,89671,89672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89673,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89675,137],{"class":136},[53,89677,121],{"class":67},[53,89679,72],{"class":71},[53,89681,34413],{"class":75},[53,89683,72],{"class":71},[53,89685,130],{"class":67},[1418,89687,89689,89690],{"id":89688},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89691,1622],{},[20,89693,89694,89695,37],{},"This causes a ",[15,89696,2565],{},[44,89698,89699],{"className":46,"code":88787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,89700,89701,89709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89702,89703,89705,89707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89704,21173],{"class":59},[53,89706,64],{"class":63},[53,89708,2145],{"class":333},[53,89710,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89712,137],{"class":136},[53,89714,121],{"class":67},[53,89716,72],{"class":71},[53,89718,88808],{"class":75},[53,89720,72],{"class":71},[53,89722,2013],{"class":63},[53,89724,8739],{"class":117},[53,89726,130],{"class":67},[20,89728,89729],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[44,89731,89733],{"className":46,"code":89732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89734,89735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89736,89737,89739,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89738,137],{"class":136},[53,89740,121],{"class":67},[53,89742,72],{"class":71},[53,89744,88709],{"class":75},[53,89746,72],{"class":71},[53,89748,81],{"class":67},[53,89750,8739],{"class":117},[53,89752,130],{"class":67},[20,89754,89755],{},"Or convert the number first:",[44,89757,89759],{"className":46,"code":89758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89760,89761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89762,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89764,137],{"class":136},[53,89766,121],{"class":67},[53,89768,72],{"class":71},[53,89770,88808],{"class":75},[53,89772,72],{"class":71},[53,89774,2013],{"class":63},[53,89776,48446],{"class":1320},[53,89778,121],{"class":67},[53,89780,8850],{"class":117},[53,89782,628],{"class":67},[20,89784,89785,89786,37],{},"If you see this error, read ",[195,89787,89789],{"href":89788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1418,89791,8001,89793,89795],{"id":89792},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89794,45996],{}," to return a value",[20,89797,89798,89799,34876,89802,171],{},"This does not store ",[15,89800,89801],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89803,383],{},[44,89805,89807],{"className":46,"code":89806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89808,89809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89810,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89812,351],{"class":59},[53,89814,64],{"class":63},[53,89816,89312],{"class":136},[53,89818,121],{"class":67},[53,89820,72],{"class":71},[53,89822,34413],{"class":75},[53,89824,72],{"class":71},[53,89826,130],{"class":67},[20,89828,89829,89830,37],{},"It stores ",[15,89831,3338],{},[1418,89833,89835,89836,667,89838],{"id":89834},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89837,88849],{},[15,89839,279],{},[20,89841,85195],{},[173,89843,89844,89853],{},[176,89845,89846,89848,89849,89852],{},[15,89847,88849],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89850,89851],{},"between"," multiple values",[176,89854,89855,89857,89858,89861],{},[15,89856,279],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89859,89860],{},"after"," the output",[39,89863,89865],{"id":89864},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89867,89868,89869,89871],{},"These simple ",[15,89870,45996],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[44,89873,89875],{"className":46,"code":89874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89876,89877,89897,89912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89878,89879,89881,89883,89885,89888,89890,89892,89895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89880,137],{"class":136},[53,89882,121],{"class":67},[53,89884,72],{"class":71},[53,89886,89887],{"class":75},"Debug:",[53,89889,72],{"class":71},[53,89891,81],{"class":67},[53,89893,89894],{"class":117}," variable_name",[53,89896,130],{"class":67},[53,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89910],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89900,137],{"class":136},[53,89902,121],{"class":67},[53,89904,1321],{"class":1320},[53,89906,121],{"class":67},[53,89908,89909],{"class":117},"variable_name",[53,89911,628],{"class":67},[53,89913,89914,89916,89918,89920],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,89915,31697],{"class":136},[53,89917,121],{"class":67},[53,89919,137],{"class":136},[53,89921,130],{"class":67},[20,89923,89924],{},"What they do:",[173,89926,89927,89933,89939],{},[176,89928,89929,89932],{},[15,89930,89931],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[176,89934,89935,89938],{},[15,89936,89937],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[176,89940,89941,89944,89945],{},[15,89942,89943],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89946,45996],{},[39,89948,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,89950,1431,89952,89954],{"id":89951},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89953,45996],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89956,89957,89958,89960,89961,36164],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89959,45996],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89962,279],{},[1418,89964,1446,89966,89968],{"id":89965},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89967,45996],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89970,89971,89972,89974],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89973,45996],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1418,89976,4711,89978,1152,89981,1459],{"id":89977},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89979,89980],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89982,3338],{},[20,89984,28605,89985,89987],{},[15,89986,45996],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1418,89989,89991],{"id":89990},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89993,89994],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[44,89996,89998],{"className":46,"code":89997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89999,90000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90001,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90003,137],{"class":136},[53,90005,121],{"class":67},[53,90007,72],{"class":71},[53,90009,88709],{"class":75},[53,90011,72],{"class":71},[53,90013,81],{"class":67},[53,90015,5556],{"class":333},[53,90017,130],{"class":67},[20,90019,90020,90021,39471],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90022,47225],{},[1418,90024,4731,90026,667,90028,1459],{"id":90025},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90027,88849],{},[15,90029,279],{},[173,90031,90032,90037],{},[176,90033,90034,90036],{},[15,90035,88849],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[176,90038,90039,90041],{},[15,90040,279],{}," changes what appears after the output",[39,90043,1471],{"id":1470},[173,90045,90046,90050,90056,90062,90067,90072],{},[176,90047,90048],{},[195,90049,50519],{"href":50518},[176,90051,90052],{},[195,90053,3138,90054,3071],{"href":7769},[15,90055,2518],{},[176,90057,90058],{},[195,90059,3138,90060,3071],{"href":41717},[15,90061,47225],{},[176,90063,90064],{},[195,90065,90066],{"href":89075},"How to format strings in Python",[176,90068,90069],{},[195,90070,90071],{"href":89585},"How to debug Python code",[176,90073,90074],{},[195,90075,89789],{"href":89788},[1494,90077,90078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":90080},[90081,90082,90084,90085,90091,90092,90093,90098,90104,90106,90108,90119,90120,90131],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":88253,"depth":104,"text":90083},"What print() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":88489,"depth":104,"text":88490,"children":90086},[90087,90088,90089,90090],{"id":88498,"depth":133,"text":88499},{"id":88539,"depth":133,"text":88540},{"id":88571,"depth":133,"text":88572},{"id":88598,"depth":133,"text":88599},{"id":88640,"depth":104,"text":88641},{"id":88836,"depth":104,"text":88837},{"id":88876,"depth":104,"text":90094,"children":90095},"sep argument",[90096,90097],{"id":88889,"depth":133,"text":88890},{"id":88939,"depth":133,"text":88940},{"id":89079,"depth":104,"text":90099,"children":90100},"end argument",[90101,90102,90103],{"id":89093,"depth":133,"text":88890},{"id":89146,"depth":133,"text":89147},{"id":89202,"depth":133,"text":89203},{"id":89286,"depth":104,"text":90105},"print() returns None",{"id":89423,"depth":104,"text":90107},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":90109},[90110,90111,90113,90115,90117],{"id":89596,"depth":133,"text":89597},{"id":89644,"depth":133,"text":90112},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89688,"depth":133,"text":90114},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89792,"depth":133,"text":90116},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89834,"depth":133,"text":90118},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89864,"depth":104,"text":89865},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":90121},[90122,90124,90126,90128,90129],{"id":89951,"depth":133,"text":90123},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89965,"depth":133,"text":90125},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89977,"depth":133,"text":90127},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89990,"depth":133,"text":89991},{"id":90025,"depth":133,"text":90130},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88136,"description":90132},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90139,"title":90140,"body":90141,"description":92445,"extension":1524,"meta":92446,"navigation":372,"path":92447,"seo":92448,"stem":92449,"__hash__":92450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90142,"toc":92391},[90143,90148,90153,90166,90168,90233,90244,90249,90254,90256,90279,90282,90313,90315,90332,90337,90343,90348,90397,90400,90417,90423,90428,90451,90453,90481,90487,90495,90522,90524,90549,90555,90558,90589,90591,90620,90624,90627,90632,90654,90656,90684,90690,90696,90722,90724,90748,90754,90760,90790,90792,90820,90830,90834,90840,90873,90875,90904,90907,90910,90943,90945,90953,90959,90961,90984,90989,90998,91003,91017,91019,91059,91061,91091,91095,91130,91136,91140,91184,91186,91216,91222,91225,91304,91306,91328,91336,91339,91402,91410,91485,91491,91498,91503,91508,91531,91533,91554,91556,91569,91571,91618,91620,91659,91668,91670,91674,91678,91681,91708,91711,91740,91743,91767,91770,91778,91784,91806,91808,91836,91840,91845,91900,91905,91907,91964,91971,91980,91983,92015,92017,92025,92028,92034,92036,92059,92062,92068,92071,92090,92092,92111,92114,92136,92138,92166,92170,92174,92279,92281,92294,92296,92302,92305,92313,92318,92324,92330,92335,92343,92349,92356,92358,92388],[10,90144,3138,90146,3142],{"id":90145},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90147,35741],{},[20,90149,31862,90150,90152],{},[15,90151,35741],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90154,90155,90156,90158,90159,90161,90162,90165],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90157,5510],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90160,35741],{}," stops ",[30,90163,90164],{},"before"," the end value.",[39,90167,1566],{"id":1565},[44,90169,90171],{"className":46,"code":90170,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90172,90173,90189,90199,90203,90208,90213,90218,90223,90228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90174,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90176,5510],{"class":1041},[53,90178,68931],{"class":59},[53,90180,1048],{"class":1041},[53,90182,53609],{"class":136},[53,90184,121],{"class":67},[53,90186,1698],{"class":333},[53,90188,7891],{"class":67},[53,90190,90191,90193,90195,90197],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90192,1058],{"class":136},[53,90194,121],{"class":67},[53,90196,35697],{"class":117},[53,90198,130],{"class":67},[53,90200,90201],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,90202,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,90204,90205],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,90206,90207],{"class":148},"# Output:\n",[53,90209,90210],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,90211,90212],{"class":148},"# 0\n",[53,90214,90215],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,90216,90217],{"class":148},"# 1\n",[53,90219,90220],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,90221,90222],{"class":148},"# 2\n",[53,90224,90225],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,90226,90227],{"class":148},"# 3\n",[53,90229,90230],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,90231,90232],{"class":148},"# 4\n",[20,90234,90235,90238,90239,90241,90242,37],{},[15,90236,90237],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90240,187],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90243,1698],{},[39,90245,163,90247,166],{"id":90246},"what-range-does",[15,90248,35741],{},[20,90250,90251,90253],{},[15,90252,35741],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90255,12604],{},[173,90257,90258,90263,90269,90274],{},[176,90259,90260,90262],{},[15,90261,35741],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[176,90264,90265,90266,90268],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90267,5510],{}," loops",[176,90270,90271,90272],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90273,288],{},[176,90275,16970,90276,90278],{},[15,90277,59530],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90280,90281],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[44,90283,90285],{"className":46,"code":90284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90286,90287,90303],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90288,90289,90291,90293,90295,90297,90299,90301],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90290,5510],{"class":1041},[53,90292,5939],{"class":59},[53,90294,1048],{"class":1041},[53,90296,53609],{"class":136},[53,90298,121],{"class":67},[53,90300,882],{"class":333},[53,90302,7891],{"class":67},[53,90304,90305,90307,90309,90311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90306,1058],{"class":136},[53,90308,121],{"class":67},[53,90310,1800],{"class":117},[53,90312,130],{"class":67},[20,90314,388],{},[44,90316,90318],{"className":46,"code":90317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90319,90320,90324,90328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90321,90322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90323,633],{"class":333},[53,90325,90326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90327,391],{"class":333},[53,90329,90330],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,90331,490],{"class":333},[20,90333,90334,90335,37],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[195,90336,35575],{"href":35574},[39,90338,90340,90342],{"id":90339},"range-syntax",[15,90341,35741],{}," syntax",[20,90344,90345,90347],{},[15,90346,35741],{}," has three common forms:",[44,90349,90351],{"className":46,"code":90350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90352,90353,90363,90378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90354,90355,90357,90359,90361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90356,59530],{"class":136},[53,90358,121],{"class":67},[53,90360,74809],{"class":117},[53,90362,130],{"class":67},[53,90364,90365,90367,90369,90371,90373,90376],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90366,59530],{"class":136},[53,90368,121],{"class":67},[53,90370,273],{"class":117},[53,90372,81],{"class":67},[53,90374,90375],{"class":117}," stop",[53,90377,130],{"class":67},[53,90379,90380,90382,90384,90386,90388,90390,90392,90395],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,90381,59530],{"class":136},[53,90383,121],{"class":67},[53,90385,273],{"class":117},[53,90387,81],{"class":67},[53,90389,90375],{"class":117},[53,90391,81],{"class":67},[53,90393,90394],{"class":117}," step",[53,90396,130],{"class":67},[20,90398,90399],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[173,90401,90402,90407,90412],{},[176,90403,90404,90406],{},[15,90405,273],{}," = first number",[176,90408,90409,90411],{},[15,90410,74809],{}," = end limit, not included",[176,90413,90414,90416],{},[15,90415,74812],{}," = amount to move each time",[1418,90418,90420],{"id":90419},"rangestop",[15,90421,90422],{},"range(stop)",[20,90424,90425,90426,37],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90427,187],{},[44,90429,90431],{"className":46,"code":90430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90432,90433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90434,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90436,137],{"class":136},[53,90438,121],{"class":67},[53,90440,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90442,121],{"class":67},[53,90444,59530],{"class":136},[53,90446,121],{"class":67},[53,90448,1698],{"class":333},[53,90450,2472],{"class":67},[20,90452,388],{},[44,90454,90455],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90456,90457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90458,90459,90461,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471,90473,90475,90477,90479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90460,1226],{"class":67},[53,90462,187],{"class":333},[53,90464,81],{"class":67},[53,90466,821],{"class":333},[53,90468,81],{"class":67},[53,90470,790],{"class":333},[53,90472,81],{"class":67},[53,90474,1269],{"class":333},[53,90476,81],{"class":67},[53,90478,826],{"class":333},[53,90480,101],{"class":67},[1418,90482,90484],{"id":90483},"rangestart-stop",[15,90485,90486],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90488,90489,90490,90492,90493,37],{},"This starts at ",[15,90491,273],{}," and stops before ",[15,90494,74809],{},[44,90496,90498],{"className":46,"code":90497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90499,90500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90501,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90503,137],{"class":136},[53,90505,121],{"class":67},[53,90507,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90509,121],{"class":67},[53,90511,59530],{"class":136},[53,90513,121],{"class":67},[53,90515,525],{"class":333},[53,90517,81],{"class":67},[53,90519,37187],{"class":333},[53,90521,2472],{"class":67},[20,90523,388],{},[44,90525,90527],{"className":46,"code":90526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90528,90529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90530,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539,90541,90543,90545,90547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90532,1226],{"class":67},[53,90534,525],{"class":333},[53,90536,81],{"class":67},[53,90538,1269],{"class":333},[53,90540,81],{"class":67},[53,90542,826],{"class":333},[53,90544,81],{"class":67},[53,90546,4162],{"class":333},[53,90548,101],{"class":67},[1418,90550,90552],{"id":90551},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90553,90554],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90556,90557],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[44,90559,90561],{"className":46,"code":90560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90562,90563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90564,90565,90567,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577,90579,90581,90583,90585,90587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90566,137],{"class":136},[53,90568,121],{"class":67},[53,90570,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90572,121],{"class":67},[53,90574,59530],{"class":136},[53,90576,121],{"class":67},[53,90578,517],{"class":333},[53,90580,81],{"class":67},[53,90582,5556],{"class":333},[53,90584,81],{"class":67},[53,90586,790],{"class":333},[53,90588,2472],{"class":67},[20,90590,388],{},[44,90592,90594],{"className":46,"code":90593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90595,90596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90597,90598,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610,90612,90614,90616,90618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90599,1226],{"class":67},[53,90601,517],{"class":333},[53,90603,81],{"class":67},[53,90605,1269],{"class":333},[53,90607,81],{"class":67},[53,90609,4162],{"class":333},[53,90611,81],{"class":67},[53,90613,5545],{"class":333},[53,90615,81],{"class":67},[53,90617,53675],{"class":333},[53,90619,101],{"class":67},[39,90621,90623],{"id":90622},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90625,90626],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1418,90628,90630],{"id":90629},"range5",[15,90631,90237],{},[44,90633,90634],{"className":46,"code":90430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90635,90636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90637,90638,90640,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90639,137],{"class":136},[53,90641,121],{"class":67},[53,90643,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90645,121],{"class":67},[53,90647,59530],{"class":136},[53,90649,121],{"class":67},[53,90651,1698],{"class":333},[53,90653,2472],{"class":67},[20,90655,388],{},[44,90657,90658],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90659,90660],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90661,90662,90664,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90663,1226],{"class":67},[53,90665,187],{"class":333},[53,90667,81],{"class":67},[53,90669,821],{"class":333},[53,90671,81],{"class":67},[53,90673,790],{"class":333},[53,90675,81],{"class":67},[53,90677,1269],{"class":333},[53,90679,81],{"class":67},[53,90681,826],{"class":333},[53,90683,101],{"class":67},[20,90685,90489,90686,90492,90688,37],{},[15,90687,187],{},[15,90689,1698],{},[1418,90691,90693],{"id":90692},"range2-6",[15,90694,90695],{},"range(2, 6)",[44,90697,90698],{"className":46,"code":90497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90699,90700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90701,90702,90704,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90703,137],{"class":136},[53,90705,121],{"class":67},[53,90707,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90709,121],{"class":67},[53,90711,59530],{"class":136},[53,90713,121],{"class":67},[53,90715,525],{"class":333},[53,90717,81],{"class":67},[53,90719,37187],{"class":333},[53,90721,2472],{"class":67},[20,90723,388],{},[44,90725,90726],{"className":46,"code":90526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90727,90728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90729,90730,90732,90734,90736,90738,90740,90742,90744,90746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90731,1226],{"class":67},[53,90733,525],{"class":333},[53,90735,81],{"class":67},[53,90737,1269],{"class":333},[53,90739,81],{"class":67},[53,90741,826],{"class":333},[53,90743,81],{"class":67},[53,90745,4162],{"class":333},[53,90747,101],{"class":67},[20,90749,90489,90750,90492,90752,37],{},[15,90751,525],{},[15,90753,79977],{},[1418,90755,90757],{"id":90756},"range1-10-2",[15,90758,90759],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[44,90761,90762],{"className":46,"code":90560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90763,90764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90765,90766,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90767,137],{"class":136},[53,90769,121],{"class":67},[53,90771,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90773,121],{"class":67},[53,90775,59530],{"class":136},[53,90777,121],{"class":67},[53,90779,517],{"class":333},[53,90781,81],{"class":67},[53,90783,5556],{"class":333},[53,90785,81],{"class":67},[53,90787,790],{"class":333},[53,90789,2472],{"class":67},[20,90791,388],{},[44,90793,90794],{"className":46,"code":90593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90795,90796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90797,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90799,1226],{"class":67},[53,90801,517],{"class":333},[53,90803,81],{"class":67},[53,90805,1269],{"class":333},[53,90807,81],{"class":67},[53,90809,4162],{"class":333},[53,90811,81],{"class":67},[53,90813,5545],{"class":333},[53,90815,81],{"class":67},[53,90817,53675],{"class":333},[53,90819,101],{"class":67},[20,90821,90822,90823,90825,90826,60833,90828,37],{},"This moves by ",[15,90824,525],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90827,517],{},[15,90829,1706],{},[1418,90831,90833],{"id":90832},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90835,90836,90837,90839],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90838,35741],{}," count backward.",[44,90841,90843],{"className":46,"code":90842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90844,90845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90846,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90848,137],{"class":136},[53,90850,121],{"class":67},[53,90852,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90854,121],{"class":67},[53,90856,59530],{"class":136},[53,90858,121],{"class":67},[53,90860,1698],{"class":333},[53,90862,81],{"class":67},[53,90864,3394],{"class":333},[53,90866,81],{"class":67},[53,90868,1783],{"class":63},[53,90870,517],{"class":333},[53,90872,2472],{"class":67},[20,90874,388],{},[44,90876,90878],{"className":46,"code":90877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90879,90880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90881,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90883,1226],{"class":67},[53,90885,1698],{"class":333},[53,90887,81],{"class":67},[53,90889,826],{"class":333},[53,90891,81],{"class":67},[53,90893,1269],{"class":333},[53,90895,81],{"class":67},[53,90897,790],{"class":333},[53,90899,81],{"class":67},[53,90901,821],{"class":333},[53,90903,101],{"class":67},[20,90905,90906],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90908,90909],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[44,90911,90913],{"className":46,"code":90912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90914,90915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90916,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90918,137],{"class":136},[53,90920,121],{"class":67},[53,90922,7643],{"class":1320},[53,90924,121],{"class":67},[53,90926,59530],{"class":136},[53,90928,121],{"class":67},[53,90930,517],{"class":333},[53,90932,81],{"class":67},[53,90934,4162],{"class":333},[53,90936,81],{"class":67},[53,90938,1783],{"class":63},[53,90940,517],{"class":333},[53,90942,2472],{"class":67},[20,90944,388],{},[44,90946,90947],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90948,90949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90950,90951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90952,37839],{"class":67},[1418,90954,90955,75972,90957],{"id":76196},[15,90956,74812],{},[15,90958,187],{},[20,90960,2396],{},[44,90962,90964],{"className":46,"code":90963,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90965,90966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90967,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90969,59530],{"class":136},[53,90971,121],{"class":67},[53,90973,517],{"class":333},[53,90975,81],{"class":67},[53,90977,4162],{"class":333},[53,90979,81],{"class":67},[53,90981,3394],{"class":333},[53,90983,130],{"class":67},[20,90985,76241,90986,90988],{},[15,90987,36],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[39,90990,664,90992,90994,90995,90997],{"id":90991},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90993,35741],{}," in a ",[15,90996,5510],{}," loop",[20,90999,91000,91002],{},[15,91001,35741],{}," is most useful when:",[173,91004,91005,91008,91011],{},[176,91006,91007],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[176,91009,91010],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[176,91012,91013,91014],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91015,91016],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91018,316],{},[44,91020,91022],{"className":46,"code":91021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91023,91024,91040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91025,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91027,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91029,68931],{"class":59},[53,91031,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91033,53609],{"class":136},[53,91035,121],{"class":67},[53,91037,882],{"class":333},[53,91039,7891],{"class":67},[53,91041,91042,91044,91046,91048,91051,91053,91055,91057],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91043,1058],{"class":136},[53,91045,121],{"class":67},[53,91047,72],{"class":71},[53,91049,91050],{"class":75},"Loop number:",[53,91052,72],{"class":71},[53,91054,81],{"class":67},[53,91056,35673],{"class":117},[53,91058,130],{"class":67},[20,91060,388],{},[44,91062,91064],{"className":46,"code":91063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91065,91066,91075,91083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91067,91068,91071,91073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91069,91070],{"class":59},"Loop number",[53,91072,171],{"class":67},[53,91074,38055],{"class":333},[53,91076,91077,91079,91081],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91078,91070],{"class":59},[53,91080,171],{"class":67},[53,91082,29159],{"class":333},[53,91084,91085,91087,91089],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91086,91070],{"class":59},[53,91088,171],{"class":67},[53,91090,45133],{"class":333},[1418,91092,91094],{"id":91093},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[44,91096,91098],{"className":46,"code":91097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91099,91100,91116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91101,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91103,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91105,68931],{"class":59},[53,91107,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91109,53609],{"class":136},[53,91111,121],{"class":67},[53,91113,1698],{"class":333},[53,91115,7891],{"class":67},[53,91117,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91119,1058],{"class":136},[53,91121,121],{"class":67},[53,91123,72],{"class":71},[53,91125,34413],{"class":75},[53,91127,72],{"class":71},[53,91129,130],{"class":67},[20,91131,91132,91133,91135],{},"This prints ",[15,91134,89801],{}," five times.",[1418,91137,91139],{"id":91138},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[44,91141,91143],{"className":46,"code":91142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91144,91145,91165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91146,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91148,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91150,68931],{"class":59},[53,91152,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91154,53609],{"class":136},[53,91156,121],{"class":67},[53,91158,517],{"class":333},[53,91160,81],{"class":67},[53,91162,826],{"class":333},[53,91164,7891],{"class":67},[53,91166,91167,91169,91171,91173,91176,91178,91180,91182],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91168,1058],{"class":136},[53,91170,121],{"class":67},[53,91172,72],{"class":71},[53,91174,91175],{"class":75},"Current number is",[53,91177,72],{"class":71},[53,91179,81],{"class":67},[53,91181,35673],{"class":117},[53,91183,130],{"class":67},[20,91185,388],{},[44,91187,91189],{"className":46,"code":91188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91190,91191,91200,91208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91192,91193,91196,91198],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91194,91195],{"class":59},"Current number ",[53,91197,11745],{"class":63},[53,91199,29159],{"class":333},[53,91201,91202,91204,91206],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91203,91195],{"class":59},[53,91205,11745],{"class":63},[53,91207,45133],{"class":333},[53,91209,91210,91212,91214],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91211,91195],{"class":59},[53,91213,11745],{"class":63},[53,91215,2135],{"class":333},[1418,91217,91219,91221],{"id":91218},"range-and-indexing",[15,91220,35741],{}," and indexing",[20,91223,91224],{},"You may see code like this:",[44,91226,91228],{"className":46,"code":91227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91229,91230,91262,91266,91286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91231,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91233,60],{"class":59},[53,91235,64],{"class":63},[53,91237,68],{"class":67},[53,91239,72],{"class":71},[53,91241,195],{"class":75},[53,91243,72],{"class":71},[53,91245,81],{"class":67},[53,91247,84],{"class":71},[53,91249,704],{"class":75},[53,91251,72],{"class":71},[53,91253,81],{"class":67},[53,91255,84],{"class":71},[53,91257,713],{"class":75},[53,91259,72],{"class":71},[53,91261,101],{"class":67},[53,91263,91264],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91265,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91267,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91269,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91271,68931],{"class":59},[53,91273,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91275,53609],{"class":136},[53,91277,121],{"class":67},[53,91279,10711],{"class":136},[53,91281,121],{"class":67},[53,91283,956],{"class":117},[53,91285,68946],{"class":67},[53,91287,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91289,1058],{"class":136},[53,91291,121],{"class":67},[53,91293,35697],{"class":117},[53,91295,81],{"class":67},[53,91297,112],{"class":117},[53,91299,1226],{"class":67},[53,91301,35697],{"class":117},[53,91303,3449],{"class":67},[20,91305,388],{},[44,91307,91308],{"className":46,"code":35709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91309,91310,91316,91322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91311,91312,91314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91313,187],{"class":333},[53,91315,35718],{"class":59},[53,91317,91318,91320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91319,517],{"class":333},[53,91321,35725],{"class":59},[53,91323,91324,91326],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91325,525],{"class":333},[53,91327,35732],{"class":59},[20,91329,91330,91331,91335],{},"This works, and it uses ",[195,91332,91333],{"href":41900},[15,91334,41903],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91337,91338],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[44,91340,91342],{"className":46,"code":91341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91343,91344,91376,91380,91392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91345,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91347,60],{"class":59},[53,91349,64],{"class":63},[53,91351,68],{"class":67},[53,91353,72],{"class":71},[53,91355,195],{"class":75},[53,91357,72],{"class":71},[53,91359,81],{"class":67},[53,91361,84],{"class":71},[53,91363,704],{"class":75},[53,91365,72],{"class":71},[53,91367,81],{"class":67},[53,91369,84],{"class":71},[53,91371,713],{"class":75},[53,91373,72],{"class":71},[53,91375,101],{"class":67},[53,91377,91378],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91379,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91381,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91383,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91385,5513],{"class":59},[53,91387,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91389,112],{"class":59},[53,91391,1053],{"class":67},[53,91393,91394,91396,91398,91400],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91395,1058],{"class":136},[53,91397,121],{"class":67},[53,91399,22856],{"class":117},[53,91401,130],{"class":67},[20,91403,36135,91404,91409],{},[195,91405,91407],{"href":91406},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91408,35296],{}," is usually a better choice:",[44,91411,91413],{"className":46,"code":91412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91414,91415,91447,91451,91471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91416,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91418,60],{"class":59},[53,91420,64],{"class":63},[53,91422,68],{"class":67},[53,91424,72],{"class":71},[53,91426,195],{"class":75},[53,91428,72],{"class":71},[53,91430,81],{"class":67},[53,91432,84],{"class":71},[53,91434,704],{"class":75},[53,91436,72],{"class":71},[53,91438,81],{"class":67},[53,91440,84],{"class":71},[53,91442,713],{"class":75},[53,91444,72],{"class":71},[53,91446,101],{"class":67},[53,91448,91449],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91450,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91452,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91454,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91456,35368],{"class":59},[53,91458,81],{"class":67},[53,91460,5513],{"class":59},[53,91462,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91464,35378],{"class":136},[53,91466,121],{"class":67},[53,91468,956],{"class":117},[53,91470,7891],{"class":67},[53,91472,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91474,1058],{"class":136},[53,91476,121],{"class":67},[53,91478,118],{"class":117},[53,91480,81],{"class":67},[53,91482,29051],{"class":117},[53,91484,130],{"class":67},[20,91486,78501,91487,37],{},[195,91488,36148,91489,36151],{"href":36147},[15,91490,35296],{},[39,91492,91494,91495,91497],{"id":91493},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91496,35741],{}," to a list",[20,91499,91500,91502],{},[15,91501,35741],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91504,91505,91506,171],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91507,24326],{},[44,91509,91511],{"className":46,"code":91510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91512,91513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91514,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91516,137],{"class":136},[53,91518,121],{"class":67},[53,91520,7643],{"class":1320},[53,91522,121],{"class":67},[53,91524,59530],{"class":136},[53,91526,121],{"class":67},[53,91528,882],{"class":333},[53,91530,2472],{"class":67},[20,91532,388],{},[44,91534,91536],{"className":46,"code":91535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91537,91538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91539,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91541,1226],{"class":67},[53,91543,187],{"class":333},[53,91545,81],{"class":67},[53,91547,821],{"class":333},[53,91549,81],{"class":67},[53,91551,790],{"class":333},[53,91553,101],{"class":67},[20,91555,32856],{},[173,91557,91558,91563,91566],{},[176,91559,91560,91561,41627],{},"learning how ",[15,91562,35741],{},[176,91564,91565],{},"checking your values",[176,91567,91568],{},"debugging code",[20,91570,5024],{},[44,91572,91574],{"className":46,"code":91573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91575,91576,91590,91594,91604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91579,326],{"class":59},[53,91581,64],{"class":63},[53,91583,53609],{"class":136},[53,91585,121],{"class":67},[53,91587,2062],{"class":333},[53,91589,130],{"class":67},[53,91591,91592],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91593,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91595,91596,91598,91600,91602],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91597,137],{"class":136},[53,91599,121],{"class":67},[53,91601,3209],{"class":117},[53,91603,130],{"class":67},[53,91605,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91607,137],{"class":136},[53,91609,121],{"class":67},[53,91611,7643],{"class":1320},[53,91613,121],{"class":67},[53,91615,3209],{"class":117},[53,91617,628],{"class":67},[20,91619,388],{},[44,91621,91623],{"className":46,"code":91622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91624,91625,91639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91626,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91628,59530],{"class":136},[53,91630,121],{"class":67},[53,91632,187],{"class":333},[53,91634,81],{"class":67},[53,91636,826],{"class":333},[53,91638,130],{"class":67},[53,91640,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91642,1226],{"class":67},[53,91644,187],{"class":333},[53,91646,81],{"class":67},[53,91648,821],{"class":333},[53,91650,81],{"class":67},[53,91652,790],{"class":333},[53,91654,81],{"class":67},[53,91656,1269],{"class":333},[53,91658,101],{"class":67},[20,91660,91661,91662,10136,91664,91667],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91663,59530],{},[15,91665,91666],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[39,91669,1129],{"id":1128},[20,91671,33085,91672,37],{},[15,91673,35741],{},[1418,91675,91677],{"id":91676},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91679,91680],{},"Many beginners think this:",[44,91682,91684],{"className":46,"code":91683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91685,91686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91687,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91689,137],{"class":136},[53,91691,121],{"class":67},[53,91693,7643],{"class":1320},[53,91695,121],{"class":67},[53,91697,59530],{"class":136},[53,91699,121],{"class":67},[53,91701,517],{"class":333},[53,91703,81],{"class":67},[53,91705,4162],{"class":333},[53,91707,2472],{"class":67},[20,91709,91710],{},"will produce:",[44,91712,91714],{"className":46,"code":91713,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91715,91716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91717,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91719,1226],{"class":67},[53,91721,517],{"class":333},[53,91723,81],{"class":67},[53,91725,790],{"class":333},[53,91727,81],{"class":67},[53,91729,1269],{"class":333},[53,91731,81],{"class":67},[53,91733,826],{"class":333},[53,91735,81],{"class":67},[53,91737,4162],{"class":333},[53,91739,101],{"class":67},[20,91741,91742],{},"But the real output is:",[44,91744,91745],{"className":46,"code":53045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91746,91747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91748,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91750,1226],{"class":67},[53,91752,517],{"class":333},[53,91754,81],{"class":67},[53,91756,790],{"class":333},[53,91758,81],{"class":67},[53,91760,1269],{"class":333},[53,91762,81],{"class":67},[53,91764,826],{"class":333},[53,91766,101],{"class":67},[20,91768,91769],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1418,91771,4136,91773,91775,91776],{"id":91772},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91774,90237],{}," starts at ",[15,91777,517],{},[20,91779,37011,91780,18510,91782,37],{},[15,91781,187],{},[15,91783,517],{},[44,91785,91786],{"className":46,"code":90430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91787,91788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91789,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91791,137],{"class":136},[53,91793,121],{"class":67},[53,91795,7643],{"class":1320},[53,91797,121],{"class":67},[53,91799,59530],{"class":136},[53,91801,121],{"class":67},[53,91803,1698],{"class":333},[53,91805,2472],{"class":67},[20,91807,388],{},[44,91809,91810],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91811,91812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91813,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832,91834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91815,1226],{"class":67},[53,91817,187],{"class":333},[53,91819,81],{"class":67},[53,91821,821],{"class":333},[53,91823,81],{"class":67},[53,91825,790],{"class":333},[53,91827,81],{"class":67},[53,91829,1269],{"class":333},[53,91831,81],{"class":67},[53,91833,826],{"class":333},[53,91835,101],{"class":67},[1418,91837,91839],{"id":91838},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91841,91842,91843,171],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91844,2518],{},[44,91846,91848],{"className":46,"code":91847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91849,91850,91869,91873,91890],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91851,91852,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91853,91854],{"class":59},"user_number ",[53,91856,64],{"class":63},[53,91858,7792],{"class":136},[53,91860,121],{"class":67},[53,91862,72],{"class":71},[53,91864,41413],{"class":75},[53,91866,72],{"class":71},[53,91868,130],{"class":67},[53,91870,91871],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91872,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91874,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91888],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91876,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91878,68931],{"class":59},[53,91880,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91882,53609],{"class":136},[53,91884,121],{"class":67},[53,91886,91887],{"class":117},"user_number",[53,91889,7891],{"class":67},[53,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91893,1058],{"class":136},[53,91895,121],{"class":67},[53,91897,35697],{"class":117},[53,91899,130],{"class":67},[20,91901,48052,91902,91904],{},[15,91903,2518],{}," returns a string.",[20,91906,10357],{},[44,91908,91910],{"className":46,"code":91909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91911,91912,91934,91938,91954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91913,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91915,91854],{"class":59},[53,91917,64],{"class":63},[53,91919,44820],{"class":1320},[53,91921,121],{"class":67},[53,91923,42005],{"class":136},[53,91925,121],{"class":67},[53,91927,72],{"class":71},[53,91929,41413],{"class":75},[53,91931,72],{"class":71},[53,91933,628],{"class":67},[53,91935,91936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91937,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,91939,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,91941,5510],{"class":1041},[53,91943,68931],{"class":59},[53,91945,1048],{"class":1041},[53,91947,53609],{"class":136},[53,91949,121],{"class":67},[53,91951,91887],{"class":117},[53,91953,7891],{"class":67},[53,91955,91956,91958,91960,91962],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,91957,1058],{"class":136},[53,91959,121],{"class":67},[53,91961,35697],{"class":117},[53,91963,130],{"class":67},[20,91965,91966,91967,37],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[195,91968,50066,91969],{"href":50065},[15,91970,50069],{},[1418,91972,91974,91975,91977,91978],{"id":91973},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91976,273],{}," smaller than ",[15,91979,74809],{},[20,91981,91982],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[44,91984,91985],{"className":46,"code":90912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91986,91987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91988,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91990,137],{"class":136},[53,91992,121],{"class":67},[53,91994,7643],{"class":1320},[53,91996,121],{"class":67},[53,91998,59530],{"class":136},[53,92000,121],{"class":67},[53,92002,517],{"class":333},[53,92004,81],{"class":67},[53,92006,4162],{"class":333},[53,92008,81],{"class":67},[53,92010,1783],{"class":63},[53,92012,517],{"class":333},[53,92014,2472],{"class":67},[20,92016,388],{},[44,92018,92019],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92020,92021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92022,92023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92024,37839],{"class":67},[20,92026,92027],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1418,92029,25162,92031],{"id":92030},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92032,92033],{},"step = 0",[20,92035,76952],{},[44,92037,92039],{"className":46,"code":92038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92040,92041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92042,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92044,59530],{"class":136},[53,92046,121],{"class":67},[53,92048,517],{"class":333},[53,92050,81],{"class":67},[53,92052,5556],{"class":333},[53,92054,81],{"class":67},[53,92056,3394],{"class":333},[53,92058,130],{"class":67},[20,92060,92061],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1418,92063,4261,92065,92067],{"id":92064},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92066,35741],{}," is not a list",[20,92069,92070],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[44,92072,92074],{"className":46,"code":92073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92075,92076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92077,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92079,137],{"class":136},[53,92081,121],{"class":67},[53,92083,59530],{"class":136},[53,92085,121],{"class":67},[53,92087,1698],{"class":333},[53,92089,628],{"class":67},[20,92091,388],{},[44,92093,92095],{"className":46,"code":92094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92096,92097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92098,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92100,59530],{"class":136},[53,92102,121],{"class":67},[53,92104,187],{"class":333},[53,92106,81],{"class":67},[53,92108,4162],{"class":333},[53,92110,130],{"class":67},[20,92112,92113],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[44,92115,92116],{"className":46,"code":90430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92117,92118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92119,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92121,137],{"class":136},[53,92123,121],{"class":67},[53,92125,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92127,121],{"class":67},[53,92129,59530],{"class":136},[53,92131,121],{"class":67},[53,92133,1698],{"class":333},[53,92135,2472],{"class":67},[20,92137,388],{},[44,92139,92140],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92141,92142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92143,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92145,1226],{"class":67},[53,92147,187],{"class":333},[53,92149,81],{"class":67},[53,92151,821],{"class":333},[53,92153,81],{"class":67},[53,92155,790],{"class":333},[53,92157,81],{"class":67},[53,92159,1269],{"class":333},[53,92161,81],{"class":67},[53,92163,826],{"class":333},[53,92165,101],{"class":67},[39,92167,92169],{"id":92168},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92171,8425,92172,81723],{},[15,92173,35741],{},[44,92175,92177],{"className":46,"code":92176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92178,92179,92193,92211,92233,92261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92180,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92182,137],{"class":136},[53,92184,121],{"class":67},[53,92186,59530],{"class":136},[53,92188,121],{"class":67},[53,92190,1698],{"class":333},[53,92192,628],{"class":67},[53,92194,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92196,137],{"class":136},[53,92198,121],{"class":67},[53,92200,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92202,121],{"class":67},[53,92204,59530],{"class":136},[53,92206,121],{"class":67},[53,92208,1698],{"class":333},[53,92210,2472],{"class":67},[53,92212,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,92214,137],{"class":136},[53,92216,121],{"class":67},[53,92218,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92220,121],{"class":67},[53,92222,59530],{"class":136},[53,92224,121],{"class":67},[53,92226,525],{"class":333},[53,92228,81],{"class":67},[53,92230,5912],{"class":333},[53,92232,2472],{"class":67},[53,92234,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,92236,137],{"class":136},[53,92238,121],{"class":67},[53,92240,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92242,121],{"class":67},[53,92244,59530],{"class":136},[53,92246,121],{"class":67},[53,92248,334],{"class":333},[53,92250,81],{"class":67},[53,92252,3394],{"class":333},[53,92254,81],{"class":67},[53,92256,1783],{"class":63},[53,92258,525],{"class":333},[53,92260,2472],{"class":67},[53,92262,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,92264,137],{"class":136},[53,92266,121],{"class":67},[53,92268,1321],{"class":1320},[53,92270,121],{"class":67},[53,92272,59530],{"class":136},[53,92274,121],{"class":67},[53,92276,1698],{"class":333},[53,92278,2472],{"class":67},[20,92280,25553],{},[173,92282,92283,92286,92289],{},[176,92284,92285],{},"what values are being created",[176,92287,92288],{},"whether the direction is correct",[176,92290,92291,92292,24163],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92293,59530],{},[39,92295,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,92297,1431,92299,92301],{"id":92298},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92300,35741],{}," include the last number?",[20,92303,92304],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1418,92306,4711,92308,92310,92311,1459],{"id":92307},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92309,90237],{}," start at ",[15,92312,187],{},[20,92314,92315,92316,37],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92317,187],{},[1418,92319,1446,92321,92323],{"id":92320},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92322,35741],{}," count backward?",[20,92325,92326,92327,37],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92328,92329],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1418,92331,14454,92333,25588],{"id":92332},"is-range-a-list",[15,92334,35741],{},[20,92336,25591,92337,92339,92340,23484],{},[15,92338,59530],{}," object. Use ",[15,92341,92342],{},"list(range(...))",[1418,92344,4711,92346,48226],{"id":92345},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92347,92348],{},"range(input())",[20,92350,92351,3046,92353,37],{},[15,92352,2518],{},[15,92354,92355],{},"int(input())",[39,92357,1471],{"id":1470},[173,92359,92360,92364,92370,92376,92382],{},[176,92361,92362],{},[195,92363,35575],{"href":35574},[176,92365,92366],{},[195,92367,3138,92368,3071],{"href":41900},[15,92369,41903],{},[176,92371,92372],{},[195,92373,3138,92374,3071],{"href":91406},[15,92375,35296],{},[176,92377,92378],{},[195,92379,37062,92380,36151],{"href":36147},[15,92381,35296],{},[176,92383,92384],{},[195,92385,50066,92386],{"href":50065},[15,92387,50069],{},[1494,92389,92390],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":92392},[92393,92394,92396,92402,92410,92417,92419,92431,92432,92444],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":90246,"depth":104,"text":92395},"What range() does",{"id":90339,"depth":104,"text":92397,"children":92398},"range() syntax",[92399,92400,92401],{"id":90419,"depth":133,"text":90422},{"id":90483,"depth":133,"text":90486},{"id":90551,"depth":133,"text":90554},{"id":90622,"depth":104,"text":90623,"children":92403},[92404,92405,92406,92407,92408],{"id":90629,"depth":133,"text":90237},{"id":90692,"depth":133,"text":90695},{"id":90756,"depth":133,"text":90759},{"id":90832,"depth":133,"text":90833},{"id":76196,"depth":133,"text":92409},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90991,"depth":104,"text":92411,"children":92412},"Using range() in a for loop",[92413,92414,92415],{"id":91093,"depth":133,"text":91094},{"id":91138,"depth":133,"text":91139},{"id":91218,"depth":133,"text":92416},"range() and indexing",{"id":91493,"depth":104,"text":92418},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":92420},[92421,92422,92424,92425,92427,92429],{"id":91676,"depth":133,"text":91677},{"id":91772,"depth":133,"text":92423},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91838,"depth":133,"text":91839},{"id":91973,"depth":133,"text":92426},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92030,"depth":133,"text":92428},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92064,"depth":133,"text":92430},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92168,"depth":104,"text":92169},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":92433},[92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"id":92298,"depth":133,"text":92435},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92307,"depth":133,"text":92437},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92320,"depth":133,"text":92439},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92332,"depth":133,"text":92441},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92345,"depth":133,"text":92443},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90140,"description":92445},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92452,"title":92453,"body":92454,"description":94127,"extension":1524,"meta":94128,"navigation":372,"path":94129,"seo":94130,"stem":94131,"__hash__":94132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92455,"toc":94100},[92456,92465,92472,92489,92505,92507,92556,92564,92568,92571,92591,92593,92657,92659,92702,92705,92751,92753,92786,92796,92802,92810,92827,92829,92860,92862,92887,92892,92903,92906,92976,92978,93009,93014,93019,93036,93038,93089,93091,93124,93127,93134,93139,93143,93159,93161,93205,93207,93253,93256,93269,93274,93278,93292,93294,93345,93347,93380,93385,93387,93394,93396,93419,93421,93486,93488,93505,93508,93541,93543,93571,93581,93588,93592,93595,93613,93616,93644,93647,93665,93670,93676,93679,93701,93703,93731,93733,93736,93761,93764,93877,93879,93958,93960,93966,93971,93979,93987,93991,93994,93996,94029,94031,94039,94045,94052,94059,94062,94064,94097],[10,92457,3138,92459,10136,92461,92464],{"id":92458},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92460,35741],{},[15,92462,92463],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92466,92467,667,92469,92471],{},[15,92468,35741],{},[15,92470,92463],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[173,92473,92474,92482],{},[176,92475,92476,92478,92479],{},[15,92477,35741],{}," creates a ",[30,92480,92481],{},"range object",[176,92483,92484,92478,92486],{},[15,92485,92463],{},[30,92487,92488],{},"real list",[20,92490,92491,92492,92494,92495,92498,92499,92501,92502,92504],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92493,90237],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92496,92497],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92500,35741],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92503,92463],{}," when you actually need a list.",[39,92506,42],{"id":41},[44,92508,92510],{"className":46,"code":92509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92511,92512,92526,92539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92513,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92515,326],{"class":59},[53,92517,64],{"class":63},[53,92519,53609],{"class":136},[53,92521,121],{"class":67},[53,92523,1698],{"class":333},[53,92525,130],{"class":67},[53,92527,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92529,137],{"class":136},[53,92531,121],{"class":67},[53,92533,3209],{"class":117},[53,92535,145],{"class":67},[53,92537,92538],{"class":148},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[53,92540,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,92542,137],{"class":136},[53,92544,121],{"class":67},[53,92546,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92548,121],{"class":67},[53,92550,3209],{"class":117},[53,92552,762],{"class":67},[53,92554,92555],{"class":148},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92557,152,92558,92560,92561,92563],{},[15,92559,35741],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92562,92463],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[39,92565,92567],{"id":92566},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92569,92570],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[173,92572,92573,92580,92585,92588],{},[176,92574,92575,21520,92577,92579],{},[15,92576,35741],{},[30,92578,92481],{},", not a list",[176,92581,92582,92584],{},[15,92583,92463],{}," converts that range object into a list",[176,92586,92587],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[176,92589,92590],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92592,316],{},[44,92594,92596],{"className":46,"code":92595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92597,92598,92613,92632,92636,92646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92599,92600,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92601,92602],{"class":59},"r ",[53,92604,64],{"class":63},[53,92606,53609],{"class":136},[53,92608,121],{"class":67},[53,92610,1698],{"class":333},[53,92612,130],{"class":67},[53,92614,92615,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92616,92617],{"class":59},"lst ",[53,92619,64],{"class":63},[53,92621,22105],{"class":1320},[53,92623,121],{"class":67},[53,92625,59530],{"class":136},[53,92627,121],{"class":67},[53,92629,1698],{"class":333},[53,92631,628],{"class":67},[53,92633,92634],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,92635,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,92637,92638,92640,92642,92644],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,92639,137],{"class":136},[53,92641,121],{"class":67},[53,92643,60037],{"class":117},[53,92645,130],{"class":67},[53,92647,92648,92650,92652,92655],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,92649,137],{"class":136},[53,92651,121],{"class":67},[53,92653,92654],{"class":117},"lst",[53,92656,130],{"class":67},[20,92658,388],{},[44,92660,92662],{"className":46,"code":92661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92663,92664,92678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92665,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92667,59530],{"class":136},[53,92669,121],{"class":67},[53,92671,187],{"class":333},[53,92673,81],{"class":67},[53,92675,4162],{"class":333},[53,92677,130],{"class":67},[53,92679,92680,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92681,1226],{"class":67},[53,92683,187],{"class":333},[53,92685,81],{"class":67},[53,92687,821],{"class":333},[53,92689,81],{"class":67},[53,92691,790],{"class":333},[53,92693,81],{"class":67},[53,92695,1269],{"class":333},[53,92697,81],{"class":67},[53,92699,826],{"class":333},[53,92701,101],{"class":67},[20,92703,92704],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[44,92706,92708],{"className":46,"code":92707,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92709,92710,92728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92711,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92713,137],{"class":136},[53,92715,121],{"class":67},[53,92717,1321],{"class":1320},[53,92719,121],{"class":67},[53,92721,59530],{"class":136},[53,92723,121],{"class":67},[53,92725,1698],{"class":333},[53,92727,2472],{"class":67},[53,92729,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92731,137],{"class":136},[53,92733,121],{"class":67},[53,92735,1321],{"class":1320},[53,92737,121],{"class":67},[53,92739,7643],{"class":1320},[53,92741,121],{"class":67},[53,92743,59530],{"class":136},[53,92745,121],{"class":67},[53,92747,1698],{"class":333},[53,92749,92750],{"class":67},"))))\n",[20,92752,388],{},[44,92754,92756],{"className":46,"code":92755,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92757,92758,92772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92759,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768,92770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92761,2851],{"class":63},[53,92763,2854],{"class":1627},[53,92765,2857],{"class":71},[53,92767,59530],{"class":75},[53,92769,2862],{"class":71},[53,92771,2865],{"class":63},[53,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92775,2851],{"class":63},[53,92777,2854],{"class":1627},[53,92779,2857],{"class":71},[53,92781,7643],{"class":75},[53,92783,2862],{"class":71},[53,92785,2865],{"class":63},[20,92787,92788,92789,92791,92792,37],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92790,35741],{}," works, see ",[195,92793,3138,92794,3071],{"href":92447},[15,92795,35741],{},[39,92797,163,92799,92801],{"id":92798},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92800,35741],{}," gives you",[20,92803,92804,92806,92807,92809],{},[15,92805,35741],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92808,5510],{}," loops.",[173,92811,92812,92815,92818,92821],{},[176,92813,92814],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[176,92816,92817],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[176,92819,92820],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[176,92822,92823,92824],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92825,92826],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92828,316],{},[44,92830,92832],{"className":46,"code":92831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92833,92834,92850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92835,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92837,5510],{"class":1041},[53,92839,68931],{"class":59},[53,92841,1048],{"class":1041},[53,92843,53609],{"class":136},[53,92845,121],{"class":67},[53,92847,1698],{"class":333},[53,92849,7891],{"class":67},[53,92851,92852,92854,92856,92858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92853,1058],{"class":136},[53,92855,121],{"class":67},[53,92857,35697],{"class":117},[53,92859,130],{"class":67},[20,92861,388],{},[44,92863,92865],{"className":46,"code":92864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92866,92867,92871,92875,92879,92883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92868,92869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92870,633],{"class":333},[53,92872,92873],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92874,391],{"class":333},[53,92876,92877],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,92878,490],{"class":333},[53,92880,92881],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,92882,847],{"class":333},[53,92884,92885],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,92886,48192],{"class":333},[20,92888,20318,92889,92891],{},[15,92890,90237],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92893,92894,92895,92897,92898,37],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92896,35741],{}," is so common with ",[195,92899,3138,92901,90268],{"href":92900},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92902,5510],{},[20,92904,92905],{},"You can also inspect it:",[44,92907,92909],{"className":46,"code":92908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92910,92911,92933,92937,92947,92961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92914,92602],{"class":59},[53,92916,64],{"class":63},[53,92918,53609],{"class":136},[53,92920,121],{"class":67},[53,92922,525],{"class":333},[53,92924,81],{"class":67},[53,92926,5556],{"class":333},[53,92928,81],{"class":67},[53,92930,790],{"class":333},[53,92932,130],{"class":67},[53,92934,92935],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92936,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,92940,137],{"class":136},[53,92942,121],{"class":67},[53,92944,60037],{"class":117},[53,92946,130],{"class":67},[53,92948,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,92950,137],{"class":136},[53,92952,121],{"class":67},[53,92954,10711],{"class":136},[53,92956,121],{"class":67},[53,92958,60037],{"class":117},[53,92960,628],{"class":67},[53,92962,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92974],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,92964,137],{"class":136},[53,92966,121],{"class":67},[53,92968,79977],{"class":333},[53,92970,1286],{"class":1041},[53,92972,92973],{"class":117}," r",[53,92975,130],{"class":67},[20,92977,388],{},[44,92979,92981],{"className":46,"code":92980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92982,92983,93001,93005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92984,92985,92987,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92986,59530],{"class":136},[53,92988,121],{"class":67},[53,92990,525],{"class":333},[53,92992,81],{"class":67},[53,92994,5556],{"class":333},[53,92996,81],{"class":67},[53,92998,790],{"class":333},[53,93000,130],{"class":67},[53,93002,93003],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93004,48192],{"class":333},[53,93006,93007],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93008,3540],{"class":3413},[39,93010,163,93012,92801],{"id":93011},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93013,92463],{},[20,93015,93016,93018],{},[15,93017,92463],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[173,93020,93021,93024,93027,93030],{},[176,93022,93023],{},"It creates all values at once",[176,93025,93026],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[176,93028,93029],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[176,93031,93032,93033,93035],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93034,35741],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93037,316],{},[44,93039,93041],{"className":46,"code":93040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93042,93043,93061,93065,93075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93044,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93046,326],{"class":59},[53,93048,64],{"class":63},[53,93050,22105],{"class":1320},[53,93052,121],{"class":67},[53,93054,59530],{"class":136},[53,93056,121],{"class":67},[53,93058,1698],{"class":333},[53,93060,628],{"class":67},[53,93062,93063],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93064,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,93066,93067,93069,93071,93073],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93068,137],{"class":136},[53,93070,121],{"class":67},[53,93072,3209],{"class":117},[53,93074,130],{"class":67},[53,93076,93077,93079,93081,93083,93085,93087],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93078,137],{"class":136},[53,93080,121],{"class":67},[53,93082,3209],{"class":117},[53,93084,1226],{"class":67},[53,93086,525],{"class":333},[53,93088,3449],{"class":67},[20,93090,388],{},[44,93092,93094],{"className":46,"code":93093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93095,93096,93120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93097,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116,93118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93099,1226],{"class":67},[53,93101,187],{"class":333},[53,93103,81],{"class":67},[53,93105,821],{"class":333},[53,93107,81],{"class":67},[53,93109,790],{"class":333},[53,93111,81],{"class":67},[53,93113,1269],{"class":333},[53,93115,81],{"class":67},[53,93117,826],{"class":333},[53,93119,101],{"class":67},[53,93121,93122],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93123,490],{"class":333},[20,93125,93126],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93128,93129,93130,37],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[195,93131,3138,93132,3071],{"href":64380},[15,93133,24326],{},[39,93135,1391,93137],{"id":93136},"when-to-use-range",[15,93138,35741],{},[20,93140,152,93141,1398],{},[15,93142,35741],{},[173,93144,93145,93150,93153,93156],{},[176,93146,93147,93148,90997],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93149,5510],{},[176,93151,93152],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[176,93154,93155],{},"You are working with large sequences",[176,93157,93158],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93160,316],{},[44,93162,93164],{"className":46,"code":93163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93165,93166,93186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93167,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93169,5510],{"class":1041},[53,93171,68931],{"class":59},[53,93173,1048],{"class":1041},[53,93175,53609],{"class":136},[53,93177,121],{"class":67},[53,93179,517],{"class":333},[53,93181,81],{"class":67},[53,93183,37187],{"class":333},[53,93185,7891],{"class":67},[53,93187,93188,93190,93192,93194,93197,93199,93201,93203],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93189,1058],{"class":136},[53,93191,121],{"class":67},[53,93193,72],{"class":71},[53,93195,93196],{"class":75},"Count:",[53,93198,72],{"class":71},[53,93200,81],{"class":67},[53,93202,35673],{"class":117},[53,93204,130],{"class":67},[20,93206,388],{},[44,93208,93210],{"className":46,"code":93209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93211,93212,93221,93229,93237,93245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93213,93214,93217,93219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93215,93216],{"class":59},"Count",[53,93218,171],{"class":67},[53,93220,29159],{"class":333},[53,93222,93223,93225,93227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93224,93216],{"class":59},[53,93226,171],{"class":67},[53,93228,45133],{"class":333},[53,93230,93231,93233,93235],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93232,93216],{"class":59},[53,93234,171],{"class":67},[53,93236,2135],{"class":333},[53,93238,93239,93241,93243],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93240,93216],{"class":59},[53,93242,171],{"class":67},[53,93244,23209],{"class":333},[53,93246,93247,93249,93251],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,93248,93216],{"class":59},[53,93250,171],{"class":67},[53,93252,34388],{"class":333},[20,93254,93255],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93257,93258,93259,93261,93262,61820,93264,37],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93260,35296],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93263,36141],{},[195,93265,36148,93267,36151],{"href":93266},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93268,35296],{},[39,93270,1391,93272],{"id":93271},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93273,92463],{},[20,93275,152,93276,1398],{},[15,93277,92463],{},[173,93279,93280,93283,93286,93289],{},[176,93281,93282],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[176,93284,93285],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[176,93287,93288],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[176,93290,93291],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93293,316],{},[44,93295,93297],{"className":46,"code":93296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93298,93299,93317,93331,93335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93300,93301,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93302,326],{"class":59},[53,93304,64],{"class":63},[53,93306,22105],{"class":1320},[53,93308,121],{"class":67},[53,93310,59530],{"class":136},[53,93312,121],{"class":67},[53,93314,1698],{"class":333},[53,93316,628],{"class":67},[53,93318,93319,93321,93323,93325,93327,93329],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93320,3209],{"class":59},[53,93322,37],{"class":67},[53,93324,13103],{"class":117},[53,93326,121],{"class":67},[53,93328,1698],{"class":333},[53,93330,130],{"class":67},[53,93332,93333],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93334,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,93336,93337,93339,93341,93343],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93338,137],{"class":136},[53,93340,121],{"class":67},[53,93342,3209],{"class":117},[53,93344,130],{"class":67},[20,93346,388],{},[44,93348,93350],{"className":46,"code":93349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93351,93352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93353,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93355,1226],{"class":67},[53,93357,187],{"class":333},[53,93359,81],{"class":67},[53,93361,821],{"class":333},[53,93363,81],{"class":67},[53,93365,790],{"class":333},[53,93367,81],{"class":67},[53,93369,1269],{"class":333},[53,93371,81],{"class":67},[53,93373,826],{"class":333},[53,93375,81],{"class":67},[53,93377,4162],{"class":333},[53,93379,101],{"class":67},[20,93381,5612,93382,93384],{},[15,93383,3209],{}," is a list.",[39,93386,15148],{"id":15147},[20,93388,93389,93391,93392,37],{},[15,93390,35741],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93393,37141],{},[20,93395,1669],{},[173,93397,93398,93400,93405,93410,93413],{},[176,93399,21530],{},[176,93401,93402,93403],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93404,41903],{},[176,93406,93407,93408],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93409,1048],{},[176,93411,93412],{},"You can index it",[176,93414,93415,93416,93418],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93417,52195],{}," do not work on it",[20,93420,316],{},[44,93422,93424],{"className":46,"code":93423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93425,93426,93440,93444,93458,93472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93427,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93429,92602],{"class":59},[53,93431,64],{"class":63},[53,93433,53609],{"class":136},[53,93435,121],{"class":67},[53,93437,1698],{"class":333},[53,93439,130],{"class":67},[53,93441,93442],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93443,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,93445,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93447,137],{"class":136},[53,93449,121],{"class":67},[53,93451,60037],{"class":117},[53,93453,1226],{"class":67},[53,93455,525],{"class":333},[53,93457,3449],{"class":67},[53,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93461,137],{"class":136},[53,93463,121],{"class":67},[53,93465,10711],{"class":136},[53,93467,121],{"class":67},[53,93469,60037],{"class":117},[53,93471,628],{"class":67},[53,93473,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,93475,137],{"class":136},[53,93477,121],{"class":67},[53,93479,882],{"class":333},[53,93481,1286],{"class":1041},[53,93483,92973],{"class":117},[53,93485,130],{"class":67},[20,93487,388],{},[44,93489,93491],{"className":46,"code":93490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93492,93493,93497,93501],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93494,93495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93496,490],{"class":333},[53,93498,93499],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93500,2507],{"class":333},[53,93502,93503],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93504,3540],{"class":3413},[20,93506,93507],{},"Now compare that with this:",[44,93509,93511],{"className":46,"code":93510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93512,93513,93527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93514,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93516,92602],{"class":59},[53,93518,64],{"class":63},[53,93520,53609],{"class":136},[53,93522,121],{"class":67},[53,93524,1698],{"class":333},[53,93526,130],{"class":67},[53,93528,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93530,60037],{"class":59},[53,93532,37],{"class":67},[53,93534,13103],{"class":117},[53,93536,121],{"class":67},[53,93538,1698],{"class":333},[53,93540,130],{"class":67},[20,93542,388],{},[44,93544,93546],{"className":46,"code":93545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93547,93548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93565,93567,93569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93551,25217],{"class":1320},[53,93553,171],{"class":67},[53,93555,2857],{"class":71},[53,93557,59530],{"class":75},[53,93559,2862],{"class":71},[53,93561,24163],{"class":1320},[53,93563,93564],{"class":59}," has no attribute ",[53,93566,2862],{"class":71},[53,93568,13103],{"class":75},[53,93570,29244],{"class":71},[20,93572,93573,93574,891,93576,1754,93578,93580],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93575,52195],{},[15,93577,55064],{},[15,93579,63844],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93582,93583,93584,37],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[195,93585,25225,93586],{"href":34966},[15,93587,33800],{},[39,93589,93591],{"id":93590},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93593,93594],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[44,93596,93597],{"className":46,"code":92073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93598,93599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93600,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93602,137],{"class":136},[53,93604,121],{"class":67},[53,93606,59530],{"class":136},[53,93608,121],{"class":67},[53,93610,1698],{"class":333},[53,93612,628],{"class":67},[20,93614,93615],{},"to show:",[44,93617,93618],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93619,93620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93621,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93623,1226],{"class":67},[53,93625,187],{"class":333},[53,93627,81],{"class":67},[53,93629,821],{"class":333},[53,93631,81],{"class":67},[53,93633,790],{"class":333},[53,93635,81],{"class":67},[53,93637,1269],{"class":333},[53,93639,81],{"class":67},[53,93641,826],{"class":333},[53,93643,101],{"class":67},[20,93645,93646],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[44,93648,93649],{"className":46,"code":92094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93650,93651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93654,59530],{"class":136},[53,93656,121],{"class":67},[53,93658,187],{"class":333},[53,93660,81],{"class":67},[53,93662,4162],{"class":333},[53,93664,130],{"class":67},[20,93666,4185,93667,93669],{},[30,93668,1112],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93671,93672,93673,93675],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93674,92481],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93677,93678],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[44,93680,93681],{"className":46,"code":90430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93682,93683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93684,93685,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93686,137],{"class":136},[53,93688,121],{"class":67},[53,93690,7643],{"class":1320},[53,93692,121],{"class":67},[53,93694,59530],{"class":136},[53,93696,121],{"class":67},[53,93698,1698],{"class":333},[53,93700,2472],{"class":67},[20,93702,388],{},[44,93704,93705],{"className":46,"code":59553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93706,93707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93708,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721,93723,93725,93727,93729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93710,1226],{"class":67},[53,93712,187],{"class":333},[53,93714,81],{"class":67},[53,93716,821],{"class":333},[53,93718,81],{"class":67},[53,93720,790],{"class":333},[53,93722,81],{"class":67},[53,93724,1269],{"class":333},[53,93726,81],{"class":67},[53,93728,826],{"class":333},[53,93730,101],{"class":67},[39,93732,2389],{"id":2388},[20,93734,93735],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[173,93737,93738,93744,93747,93753],{},[176,93739,664,93740,93743],{},[15,93741,93742],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[176,93745,93746],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[176,93748,93749,93750,93752],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93751,35741],{}," is iterable but not a list",[176,93754,664,93755,93757,93758,93760],{},[15,93756,92463],{}," when plain ",[15,93759,35741],{}," would be simpler",[20,93762,93763],{},"These quick checks can help:",[44,93765,93767],{"className":46,"code":93766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93768,93769,93783,93801,93819,93841,93859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93770,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93772,137],{"class":136},[53,93774,121],{"class":67},[53,93776,59530],{"class":136},[53,93778,121],{"class":67},[53,93780,1698],{"class":333},[53,93782,628],{"class":67},[53,93784,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93786,137],{"class":136},[53,93788,121],{"class":67},[53,93790,7643],{"class":1320},[53,93792,121],{"class":67},[53,93794,59530],{"class":136},[53,93796,121],{"class":67},[53,93798,1698],{"class":333},[53,93800,2472],{"class":67},[53,93802,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93804,137],{"class":136},[53,93806,121],{"class":67},[53,93808,1321],{"class":1320},[53,93810,121],{"class":67},[53,93812,59530],{"class":136},[53,93814,121],{"class":67},[53,93816,1698],{"class":333},[53,93818,2472],{"class":67},[53,93820,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93822,137],{"class":136},[53,93824,121],{"class":67},[53,93826,1321],{"class":1320},[53,93828,121],{"class":67},[53,93830,7643],{"class":1320},[53,93832,121],{"class":67},[53,93834,59530],{"class":136},[53,93836,121],{"class":67},[53,93838,1698],{"class":333},[53,93840,92750],{"class":67},[53,93842,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,93844,137],{"class":136},[53,93846,121],{"class":67},[53,93848,882],{"class":333},[53,93850,1286],{"class":1041},[53,93852,53609],{"class":136},[53,93854,121],{"class":67},[53,93856,1698],{"class":333},[53,93858,628],{"class":67},[53,93860,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869,93871,93873,93875],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,93862,137],{"class":136},[53,93864,121],{"class":67},[53,93866,10711],{"class":136},[53,93868,121],{"class":67},[53,93870,59530],{"class":136},[53,93872,121],{"class":67},[53,93874,1698],{"class":333},[53,93876,2472],{"class":67},[20,93878,388],{},[44,93880,93882],{"className":46,"code":93881,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93883,93884,93898,93922,93936,93950,93954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93885,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93887,59530],{"class":136},[53,93889,121],{"class":67},[53,93891,187],{"class":333},[53,93893,81],{"class":67},[53,93895,4162],{"class":333},[53,93897,130],{"class":67},[53,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93901,1226],{"class":67},[53,93903,187],{"class":333},[53,93905,81],{"class":67},[53,93907,821],{"class":333},[53,93909,81],{"class":67},[53,93911,790],{"class":333},[53,93913,81],{"class":67},[53,93915,1269],{"class":333},[53,93917,81],{"class":67},[53,93919,826],{"class":333},[53,93921,101],{"class":67},[53,93923,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,93925,2851],{"class":63},[53,93927,2854],{"class":1627},[53,93929,2857],{"class":71},[53,93931,59530],{"class":75},[53,93933,2862],{"class":71},[53,93935,2865],{"class":63},[53,93937,93938,93940,93942,93944,93946,93948],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,93939,2851],{"class":63},[53,93941,2854],{"class":1627},[53,93943,2857],{"class":71},[53,93945,7643],{"class":75},[53,93947,2862],{"class":71},[53,93949,2865],{"class":63},[53,93951,93952],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,93953,3540],{"class":3413},[53,93955,93956],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,93957,2507],{"class":333},[39,93959,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,93961,14454,93963,93965],{"id":93962},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93964,35741],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93967,45909,93968,93970],{},[15,93969,35741],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1418,93972,93974,93975,1175,93977,1459],{"id":93973},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93976,35741],{},[15,93978,92463],{},[20,93980,93981,93983,93984,93986],{},[15,93982,35741],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93985,92463],{}," creates a full list.",[1418,93988,93990],{"id":93989},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93992,93993],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93995,316],{},[44,93997,93999],{"className":46,"code":93998,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94000,94001,94015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94002,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94004,92602],{"class":59},[53,94006,64],{"class":63},[53,94008,53609],{"class":136},[53,94010,121],{"class":67},[53,94012,1698],{"class":333},[53,94014,130],{"class":67},[53,94016,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94018,137],{"class":136},[53,94020,121],{"class":67},[53,94022,60037],{"class":117},[53,94024,1226],{"class":67},[53,94026,517],{"class":333},[53,94028,3449],{"class":67},[20,94030,388],{},[44,94032,94033],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,94034,94035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94036,94037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94038,391],{"class":333},[1418,94040,4711,94042,94044],{"id":94041},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94043,93742],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94046,94047,94048,94051],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94049,94050],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1418,94053,94055,94056,94058],{"id":94054},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94057,35741],{}," to a list?",[20,94060,94061],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[39,94063,1471],{"id":1470},[173,94065,94066,94072,94078,94085,94091],{},[176,94067,94068],{},[195,94069,3138,94070,3071],{"href":92447},[15,94071,35741],{},[176,94073,94074],{},[195,94075,3138,94076,3071],{"href":64380},[15,94077,24326],{},[176,94079,94080],{},[195,94081,3138,94082,94084],{"href":92900},[15,94083,5510],{}," loops explained",[176,94086,94087],{},[195,94088,37062,94089,36151],{"href":93266},[15,94090,35296],{},[176,94092,94093],{},[195,94094,25667,94095],{"href":34966},[15,94096,33800],{},[1494,94098,94099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":94101},[94102,94103,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94113,94114,94115,94126],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":92566,"depth":104,"text":92567},{"id":92798,"depth":104,"text":94105},"What range() gives you",{"id":93011,"depth":104,"text":94107},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93136,"depth":104,"text":94109},"When to use range()",{"id":93271,"depth":104,"text":94111},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15147,"depth":104,"text":15148},{"id":93590,"depth":104,"text":93591},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":94116},[94117,94119,94121,94122,94124],{"id":93962,"depth":133,"text":94118},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93973,"depth":133,"text":94120},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93989,"depth":133,"text":93990},{"id":94041,"depth":133,"text":94123},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94054,"depth":133,"text":94125},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92453,"description":94127},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94134,"title":94135,"body":94136,"description":95572,"extension":1524,"meta":95573,"navigation":372,"path":95574,"seo":95575,"stem":95576,"__hash__":95577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94137,"toc":95538},[94138,94144,94149,94152,94166,94169,94171,94210,94212,94225,94233,94238,94254,94257,94259,94261,94282,94299,94302,94361,94363,94382,94387,94393,94396,94430,94432,94445,94448,94493,94495,94518,94525,94531,94534,94575,94577,94591,94594,94652,94654,94669,94682,94688,94694,94759,94761,94780,94782,94800,94803,94807,94813,94815,94848,94850,94863,94873,94876,94937,94939,94960,94963,94965,94981,94986,94990,94995,95000,95056,95058,95076,95079,95124,95126,95134,95139,95143,95157,95159,95191,95193,95202,95204,95208,95217,95220,95252,95254,95266,95269,95273,95278,95319,95321,95329,95332,95355,95359,95361,95370,95373,95426,95428,95437,95441,95446,95457,95459,95468,95471,95477,95480,95486,95496,95504,95511,95513,95535],[10,94139,3138,94141,3142],{"id":94140},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94142,94143],{},"round()",[20,94145,8673,94146,94148],{},[15,94147,94143],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94150,94151],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[173,94153,94154,94160],{},[176,94155,94156,94159],{},[15,94157,94158],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[176,94161,94162,94165],{},[15,94163,94164],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94167,94168],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[39,94170,1566],{"id":1565},[44,94172,94174],{"className":46,"code":94173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94175,94176,94192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94177,94178,94180,94182,94185,94187,94190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94179,137],{"class":136},[53,94181,121],{"class":67},[53,94183,94184],{"class":136},"round",[53,94186,121],{"class":67},[53,94188,94189],{"class":333},"3.14159",[53,94191,628],{"class":67},[53,94193,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94195,137],{"class":136},[53,94197,121],{"class":67},[53,94199,94184],{"class":136},[53,94201,121],{"class":67},[53,94203,94189],{"class":333},[53,94205,81],{"class":67},[53,94207,790],{"class":333},[53,94209,628],{"class":67},[20,94211,388],{},[44,94213,94215],{"className":46,"code":94214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94216,94217,94221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94218,94219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94220,847],{"class":333},[53,94222,94223],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94224,39719],{"class":333},[20,94226,152,94227,94229,94230,94232],{},[15,94228,94158],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94231,94164],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[39,94234,163,94236,166],{"id":94235},"what-round-does",[15,94237,94143],{},[173,94239,94240,94245,94248,94251],{},[176,94241,94242,94244],{},[15,94243,94143],{}," is a built-in Python function",[176,94246,94247],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[176,94249,94250],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[176,94252,94253],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94255,94256],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[39,94258,202],{"id":201},[20,94260,1721],{},[44,94262,94264],{"className":46,"code":94263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94265,94266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274,94277,94280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94269,94184],{"class":136},[53,94271,121],{"class":67},[53,94273,1800],{"class":117},[53,94275,94276],{"class":67},"[,",[53,94278,94279],{"class":117}," ndigits",[53,94281,3449],{"class":67},[173,94283,94284,94289,94294],{},[176,94285,94286,94288],{},[15,94287,1800],{}," is the value to round",[176,94290,94291,19586],{},[15,94292,94293],{},"ndigits",[176,94295,94296,94298],{},[15,94297,94293],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94300,94301],{},"Basic examples:",[44,94303,94305],{"className":46,"code":94304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94306,94307,94322,94340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94308,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94310,137],{"class":136},[53,94312,121],{"class":67},[53,94314,94184],{"class":136},[53,94316,121],{"class":67},[53,94318,94319],{"class":333},"7.8",[53,94321,628],{"class":67},[53,94323,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94325,137],{"class":136},[53,94327,121],{"class":67},[53,94329,94184],{"class":136},[53,94331,121],{"class":67},[53,94333,94319],{"class":333},[53,94335,81],{"class":67},[53,94337,821],{"class":333},[53,94339,628],{"class":67},[53,94341,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94353,94355,94357,94359],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94343,137],{"class":136},[53,94345,121],{"class":67},[53,94347,94184],{"class":136},[53,94349,121],{"class":67},[53,94351,94352],{"class":333},"1234",[53,94354,81],{"class":67},[53,94356,1783],{"class":63},[53,94358,525],{"class":333},[53,94360,628],{"class":67},[20,94362,388],{},[44,94364,94366],{"className":46,"code":94365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94367,94368,94372,94377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94369,94370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94371,1941],{"class":333},[53,94373,94374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94375,94376],{"class":333},"7.8\n",[53,94378,94379],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94380,94381],{"class":333},"1200\n",[20,94383,94384,94385,37],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[195,94386,1979],{"href":1978},[39,94388,664,94390,94392],{"id":94389},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94391,94143],{}," with one argument",[20,94394,94395],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[44,94397,94399],{"className":46,"code":94398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94400,94401,94415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94402,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94404,137],{"class":136},[53,94406,121],{"class":67},[53,94408,94184],{"class":136},[53,94410,121],{"class":67},[53,94412,1922],{"class":333},[53,94414,628],{"class":67},[53,94416,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94428],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94418,137],{"class":136},[53,94420,121],{"class":67},[53,94422,94184],{"class":136},[53,94424,121],{"class":67},[53,94426,94427],{"class":333},"4.8",[53,94429,628],{"class":67},[20,94431,388],{},[44,94433,94435],{"className":46,"code":94434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n5\n",[15,94436,94437,94441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94438,94439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94440,48192],{"class":333},[53,94442,94443],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94444,2507],{"class":333},[20,94446,94447],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[44,94449,94451],{"className":46,"code":94450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94452,94453,94469,94479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94454,94455,94457,94459,94462,94464,94467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94456,351],{"class":59},[53,94458,64],{"class":63},[53,94460,94461],{"class":136}," round",[53,94463,121],{"class":67},[53,94465,94466],{"class":333},"10.2",[53,94468,130],{"class":67},[53,94470,94471,94473,94475,94477],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94472,137],{"class":136},[53,94474,121],{"class":67},[53,94476,383],{"class":117},[53,94478,130],{"class":67},[53,94480,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94482,137],{"class":136},[53,94484,121],{"class":67},[53,94486,1321],{"class":1320},[53,94488,121],{"class":67},[53,94490,383],{"class":117},[53,94492,628],{"class":67},[20,94494,388],{},[44,94496,94498],{"className":46,"code":94497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94499,94500,94504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94501,94502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94503,1936],{"class":333},[53,94505,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94507,2851],{"class":63},[53,94509,2854],{"class":1627},[53,94511,2857],{"class":71},[53,94513,1750],{"class":75},[53,94515,2862],{"class":71},[53,94517,2865],{"class":63},[20,94519,94520,94521,37],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[195,94522,3138,94523,3071],{"href":2434},[15,94524,2437],{},[39,94526,664,94528,94530],{"id":94527},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94529,94143],{}," with decimal places",[20,94532,94533],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[44,94535,94537],{"className":46,"code":94536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94538,94539,94557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94540,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94542,137],{"class":136},[53,94544,121],{"class":67},[53,94546,94184],{"class":136},[53,94548,121],{"class":67},[53,94550,94189],{"class":333},[53,94552,81],{"class":67},[53,94554,790],{"class":333},[53,94556,628],{"class":67},[53,94558,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94560,137],{"class":136},[53,94562,121],{"class":67},[53,94564,94184],{"class":136},[53,94566,121],{"class":67},[53,94568,94189],{"class":333},[53,94570,81],{"class":67},[53,94572,1269],{"class":333},[53,94574,628],{"class":67},[20,94576,388],{},[44,94578,94580],{"className":46,"code":94579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94581,94582,94586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94583,94584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94585,39719],{"class":333},[53,94587,94588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94589,94590],{"class":333},"3.142\n",[20,94592,94593],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[44,94595,94597],{"className":46,"code":94596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94598,94599,94608,94627,94631,94641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94600,94601,94603,94605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94602,39929],{"class":59},[53,94604,64],{"class":63},[53,94606,94607],{"class":333}," 19.9876\n",[53,94609,94610,94613,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94611,94612],{"class":59},"rounded_price ",[53,94614,64],{"class":63},[53,94616,94461],{"class":136},[53,94618,121],{"class":67},[53,94620,24695],{"class":117},[53,94622,81],{"class":67},[53,94624,790],{"class":333},[53,94626,130],{"class":67},[53,94628,94629],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94630,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,94632,94633,94635,94637,94639],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,94634,137],{"class":136},[53,94636,121],{"class":67},[53,94638,24695],{"class":117},[53,94640,130],{"class":67},[53,94642,94643,94645,94647,94650],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,94644,137],{"class":136},[53,94646,121],{"class":67},[53,94648,94649],{"class":117},"rounded_price",[53,94651,130],{"class":67},[20,94653,388],{},[44,94655,94657],{"className":46,"code":94656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94658,94659,94664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94660,94661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94662,94663],{"class":333},"19.9876\n",[53,94665,94666],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94667,94668],{"class":333},"19.99\n",[20,94670,94671,94672,94675,94676,2438,94678,37],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94673,94674],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[195,94677,40433],{"href":40432},[195,94679,3138,94680,3071],{"href":2441},[15,94681,2444],{},[39,94683,94685,94686],{"id":94684},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94687,94293],{},[20,94689,94690,94691,94693],{},"A negative ",[15,94692,94293],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[44,94695,94697],{"className":46,"code":94696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94698,94699,94719,94739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94700,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94702,137],{"class":136},[53,94704,121],{"class":67},[53,94706,94184],{"class":136},[53,94708,121],{"class":67},[53,94710,94352],{"class":333},[53,94712,81],{"class":67},[53,94714,1783],{"class":63},[53,94716,517],{"class":333},[53,94718,628],{"class":67},[53,94720,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94735,94737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94722,137],{"class":136},[53,94724,121],{"class":67},[53,94726,94184],{"class":136},[53,94728,121],{"class":67},[53,94730,94352],{"class":333},[53,94732,81],{"class":67},[53,94734,1783],{"class":63},[53,94736,525],{"class":333},[53,94738,628],{"class":67},[53,94740,94741,94743,94745,94747,94749,94751,94753,94755,94757],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94742,137],{"class":136},[53,94744,121],{"class":67},[53,94746,94184],{"class":136},[53,94748,121],{"class":67},[53,94750,94352],{"class":333},[53,94752,81],{"class":67},[53,94754,1783],{"class":63},[53,94756,882],{"class":333},[53,94758,628],{"class":67},[20,94760,388],{},[44,94762,94764],{"className":46,"code":94763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94765,94766,94771,94775],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94767,94768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94769,94770],{"class":333},"1230\n",[53,94772,94773],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94774,94381],{"class":333},[53,94776,94777],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94778,94779],{"class":333},"1000\n",[20,94781,854],{},[173,94783,94784,94789,94795],{},[176,94785,94786,94788],{},[15,94787,1144],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[176,94790,94791,94794],{},[15,94792,94793],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[176,94796,94797,94799],{},[15,94798,47212],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94801,94802],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[39,94804,94806],{"id":94805},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94808,94809,94810,37],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94811,94812],{},".5",[20,94814,5024],{},[44,94816,94818],{"className":46,"code":94817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94819,94820,94834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94821,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94823,137],{"class":136},[53,94825,121],{"class":67},[53,94827,94184],{"class":136},[53,94829,121],{"class":67},[53,94831,40700],{"class":333},[53,94833,628],{"class":67},[53,94835,94836,94838,94840,94842,94844,94846],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94837,137],{"class":136},[53,94839,121],{"class":67},[53,94841,94184],{"class":136},[53,94843,121],{"class":67},[53,94845,1603],{"class":333},[53,94847,628],{"class":67},[20,94849,388],{},[44,94851,94853],{"className":46,"code":94852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n4\n",[15,94854,94855,94859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94856,94857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94858,490],{"class":333},[53,94860,94861],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94862,48192],{"class":333},[20,94864,94865,94866,94869,94870,94872],{},"Python uses ",[30,94867,94868],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94871,94812],{}," situations.",[20,94874,94875],{},"More examples:",[44,94877,94879],{"className":46,"code":94878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94880,94881,94895,94909,94923],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94884,137],{"class":136},[53,94886,121],{"class":67},[53,94888,94184],{"class":136},[53,94890,121],{"class":67},[53,94892,40713],{"class":333},[53,94894,628],{"class":67},[53,94896,94897,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94898,137],{"class":136},[53,94900,121],{"class":67},[53,94902,94184],{"class":136},[53,94904,121],{"class":67},[53,94906,40700],{"class":333},[53,94908,628],{"class":67},[53,94910,94911,94913,94915,94917,94919,94921],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94912,137],{"class":136},[53,94914,121],{"class":67},[53,94916,94184],{"class":136},[53,94918,121],{"class":67},[53,94920,1603],{"class":333},[53,94922,628],{"class":67},[53,94924,94925,94927,94929,94931,94933,94935],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,94926,137],{"class":136},[53,94928,121],{"class":67},[53,94930,94184],{"class":136},[53,94932,121],{"class":67},[53,94934,40665],{"class":333},[53,94936,628],{"class":67},[20,94938,388],{},[44,94940,94942],{"className":46,"code":94941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94943,94944,94948,94952,94956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94945,94946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94947,490],{"class":333},[53,94949,94950],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94951,490],{"class":333},[53,94953,94954],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,94955,48192],{"class":333},[53,94957,94958],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,94959,48192],{"class":333},[20,94961,94962],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94964,10263],{},[173,94966,94967,94974],{},[176,94968,94969,1695,94972],{},[15,94970,94971],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94973,525],{},[176,94975,94976,1695,94979],{},[15,94977,94978],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94980,2062],{},[20,94982,2730,94983,94985],{},[15,94984,94812],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[39,94987,94989],{"id":94988},"return-values","Return values",[20,94991,94992,94994],{},[15,94993,94143],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94996,40447,94997,94999],{},[30,94998,1112],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[44,95001,95003],{"className":46,"code":95002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95004,95005,95014,95018,95028,95046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95006,95007,95009,95011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95008,2006],{"class":59},[53,95010,64],{"class":63},[53,95012,95013],{"class":333}," 3.14159\n",[53,95015,95016],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95017,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95019,95020,95022,95024,95026],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95021,137],{"class":136},[53,95023,121],{"class":67},[53,95025,224],{"class":117},[53,95027,130],{"class":67},[53,95029,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95031,137],{"class":136},[53,95033,121],{"class":67},[53,95035,94184],{"class":136},[53,95037,121],{"class":67},[53,95039,224],{"class":117},[53,95041,81],{"class":67},[53,95043,790],{"class":333},[53,95045,628],{"class":67},[53,95047,95048,95050,95052,95054],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,95049,137],{"class":136},[53,95051,121],{"class":67},[53,95053,224],{"class":117},[53,95055,130],{"class":67},[20,95057,388],{},[44,95059,95061],{"className":46,"code":95060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95062,95063,95068,95072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95064,95065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95066,95067],{"class":333},"3.14159\n",[53,95069,95070],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95071,39719],{"class":333},[53,95073,95074],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95075,95067],{"class":333},[20,95077,95078],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[44,95080,95082],{"className":46,"code":95081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95083,95084,95092,95110,95114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95085,95086,95088,95090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95087,2006],{"class":59},[53,95089,64],{"class":63},[53,95091,95013],{"class":333},[53,95093,95094,95096,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95095,2006],{"class":59},[53,95097,64],{"class":63},[53,95099,94461],{"class":136},[53,95101,121],{"class":67},[53,95103,224],{"class":117},[53,95105,81],{"class":67},[53,95107,790],{"class":333},[53,95109,130],{"class":67},[53,95111,95112],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95113,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95115,95116,95118,95120,95122],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95117,137],{"class":136},[53,95119,121],{"class":67},[53,95121,224],{"class":117},[53,95123,130],{"class":67},[20,95125,388],{},[44,95127,95128],{"className":46,"code":39719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95129,95130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95131,95132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95133,39719],{"class":333},[39,95135,1391,95137],{"id":95136},"when-to-use-round",[15,95138,94143],{},[20,95140,152,95141,5870],{},[15,95142,94143],{},[173,95144,95145,95148,95151,95154],{},[176,95146,95147],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[176,95149,95150],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[176,95152,95153],{},"Round values before reporting results",[176,95155,95156],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95158,5024],{},[44,95160,95162],{"className":46,"code":95161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95163,95164,95173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95165,95166,95168,95170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95167,2154],{"class":59},[53,95169,64],{"class":63},[53,95171,95172],{"class":333}," 12.67891\n",[53,95174,95175,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95176,137],{"class":136},[53,95178,121],{"class":67},[53,95180,94184],{"class":136},[53,95182,121],{"class":67},[53,95184,2177],{"class":117},[53,95186,81],{"class":67},[53,95188,790],{"class":333},[53,95190,628],{"class":67},[20,95192,388],{},[44,95194,95196],{"className":46,"code":95195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"12.68\n",[15,95197,95198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95199,95200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95201,95195],{"class":333},[39,95203,2389],{"id":2388},[20,95205,22640,95206,37],{},[15,95207,94143],{},[1418,95209,8001,95211,95213,95214,95216],{"id":95210},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95212,94143],{}," to always round ",[15,95215,94812],{}," upward",[20,95218,95219],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[44,95221,95222],{"className":46,"code":94817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95223,95224,95238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95227,137],{"class":136},[53,95229,121],{"class":67},[53,95231,94184],{"class":136},[53,95233,121],{"class":67},[53,95235,40700],{"class":333},[53,95237,628],{"class":67},[53,95239,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248,95250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95241,137],{"class":136},[53,95243,121],{"class":67},[53,95245,94184],{"class":136},[53,95247,121],{"class":67},[53,95249,1603],{"class":333},[53,95251,628],{"class":67},[20,95253,388],{},[44,95255,95256],{"className":46,"code":94852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95257,95258,95262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95259,95260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95261,490],{"class":333},[53,95263,95264],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95265,48192],{"class":333},[20,95267,95268],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1418,95270,95272],{"id":95271},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95274,95275,95277],{},[15,95276,94143],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[44,95279,95281],{"className":46,"code":95280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95282,95283,95291,95305,95309],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95284,95285,95287,95289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95286,2006],{"class":59},[53,95288,64],{"class":63},[53,95290,95013],{"class":333},[53,95292,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95294,94184],{"class":136},[53,95296,121],{"class":67},[53,95298,224],{"class":117},[53,95300,81],{"class":67},[53,95302,790],{"class":333},[53,95304,130],{"class":67},[53,95306,95307],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95308,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95310,95311,95313,95315,95317],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95312,137],{"class":136},[53,95314,121],{"class":67},[53,95316,224],{"class":117},[53,95318,130],{"class":67},[20,95320,388],{},[44,95322,95323],{"className":46,"code":95067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95324,95325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95326,95327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95328,95067],{"class":333},[20,95330,95331],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[44,95333,95335],{"className":46,"code":95334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95336,95337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95338,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349,95351,95353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95340,2006],{"class":59},[53,95342,64],{"class":63},[53,95344,94461],{"class":136},[53,95346,121],{"class":67},[53,95348,224],{"class":117},[53,95350,81],{"class":67},[53,95352,790],{"class":333},[53,95354,130],{"class":67},[1418,95356,95358],{"id":95357},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95360,15952],{},[44,95362,95364],{"className":46,"code":95363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95365,95366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95367,95368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95369,95363],{"class":148},[20,95371,95372],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[44,95374,95376],{"className":46,"code":95375,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95377,95378,95390,95404,95408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95379,95380,95382,95384,95386,95388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95381,34233],{"class":59},[53,95383,64],{"class":63},[53,95385,84],{"class":71},[53,95387,39685],{"class":75},[53,95389,1032],{"class":71},[53,95391,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95393,1778],{"class":59},[53,95395,64],{"class":63},[53,95397,39797],{"class":1320},[53,95399,121],{"class":67},[53,95401,34254],{"class":117},[53,95403,130],{"class":67},[53,95405,95406],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95407,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95409,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418,95420,95422,95424],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95411,137],{"class":136},[53,95413,121],{"class":67},[53,95415,94184],{"class":136},[53,95417,121],{"class":67},[53,95419,1800],{"class":117},[53,95421,81],{"class":67},[53,95423,821],{"class":333},[53,95425,628],{"class":67},[20,95427,388],{},[44,95429,95431],{"className":46,"code":95430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.1\n",[15,95432,95433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95434,95435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95436,95430],{"class":333},[1418,95438,95440],{"id":95439},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95442,95443,95445],{},[15,95444,94143],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95447,95448,95449,2438,95453,37],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[195,95450,95451],{"href":2441},[15,95452,2444],{},[195,95454,95455],{"href":2434},[15,95456,2437],{},[39,95458,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,95460,1431,95462,95464,95465,95467],{"id":95461},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95463,94143],{}," always round ",[15,95466,39756],{}," up?",[20,95469,95470],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1418,95472,1431,95474,95476],{"id":95473},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95475,94143],{}," change the original number?",[20,95478,95479],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1418,95481,1446,95483,95485],{"id":95482},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95484,94143],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95487,95488,95489,95491,95492,2438,95494,37],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95490,94293],{}," value like ",[15,95493,1144],{},[15,95495,94793],{},[1418,95497,27872,95499,95501,95502,1459],{"id":95498},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95500,94143],{}," on a string like ",[15,95503,47636],{},[20,95505,95506,95507,2438,95509,37],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95508,2444],{},[15,95510,2437],{},[39,95512,1471],{"id":1470},[173,95514,95515,95521,95527,95531],{},[176,95516,95517],{},[195,95518,3138,95519,3071],{"href":2441},[15,95520,2444],{},[176,95522,95523],{},[195,95524,3138,95525,3071],{"href":2434},[15,95526,2437],{},[176,95528,95529],{},[195,95530,1979],{"href":1978},[176,95532,95533],{},[195,95534,41723],{"href":40432},[1494,95536,95537],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":95539},[95540,95541,95543,95544,95546,95548,95550,95551,95552,95554,95561,95571],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":94235,"depth":104,"text":95542},"What round() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":94389,"depth":104,"text":95545},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94527,"depth":104,"text":95547},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94684,"depth":104,"text":95549},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94805,"depth":104,"text":94806},{"id":94988,"depth":104,"text":94989},{"id":95136,"depth":104,"text":95553},"When to use round()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":95555},[95556,95558,95559,95560],{"id":95210,"depth":133,"text":95557},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95271,"depth":133,"text":95272},{"id":95357,"depth":133,"text":95358},{"id":95439,"depth":133,"text":95440},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":95562},[95563,95565,95567,95569],{"id":95461,"depth":133,"text":95564},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95473,"depth":133,"text":95566},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95482,"depth":133,"text":95568},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95498,"depth":133,"text":95570},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94135,"description":95572},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95579,"title":95580,"body":95581,"description":96766,"extension":1524,"meta":96767,"navigation":372,"path":96768,"seo":96769,"stem":96770,"__hash__":96771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95582,"toc":96740},[95583,95590,95596,95599,95601,95650,95654,95679,95684,95689,95694,95708,95719,95721,95740,95742,95758,95761,95772,95774,95776,95837,95841,95874,95881,95888,95891,95924,95927,95931,95934,95987,95991,96012,96018,96025,96032,96093,96101,96178,96182,96194,96203,96205,96211,96217,96221,96274,96277,96335,96339,96347,96350,96354,96357,96367,96369,96466,96469,96480,96483,96526,96530,96554,96557,96563,96565,96569,96594,96596,96663,96672,96674,96680,96685,96689,96692,96696,96703,96707,96712,96714,96731,96737],[10,95584,95586,95587,18],{"id":95585},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95588,95589],{},"add()",[20,95591,95592,95595],{},[15,95593,95594],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95597,95598],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95600,1566],{"id":1565},[44,95602,95604],{"className":46,"code":95603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95605,95606,95626,95640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95607,95608,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622,95624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95609,326],{"class":59},[53,95611,64],{"class":63},[53,95613,10041],{"class":67},[53,95615,517],{"class":333},[53,95617,81],{"class":67},[53,95619,790],{"class":333},[53,95621,81],{"class":67},[53,95623,1269],{"class":333},[53,95625,8860],{"class":67},[53,95627,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95629,3209],{"class":59},[53,95631,37],{"class":67},[53,95633,81489],{"class":117},[53,95635,121],{"class":67},[53,95637,2062],{"class":333},[53,95639,130],{"class":67},[53,95641,95642,95644,95646,95648],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95643,137],{"class":136},[53,95645,121],{"class":67},[53,95647,3209],{"class":117},[53,95649,130],{"class":67},[20,95651,95652],{},[30,95653,388],{},[44,95655,95657],{"className":46,"code":95656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95658,95659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95660,95661,95663,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95662,8829],{"class":67},[53,95664,517],{"class":333},[53,95666,81],{"class":67},[53,95668,790],{"class":333},[53,95670,81],{"class":67},[53,95672,1269],{"class":333},[53,95674,81],{"class":67},[53,95676,826],{"class":333},[53,95678,8860],{"class":67},[20,95680,152,95681,95683],{},[15,95682,95589],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95685,163,95687,166],{"id":95686},"what-setadd-does",[15,95688,95594],{},[20,95690,95691,95693],{},[15,95692,95594],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[173,95695,95696,95699,95702,95705],{},[176,95697,95698],{},"Adds one item to a set",[176,95700,95701],{},"Changes the original set in place",[176,95703,95704],{},"Does not return a new set",[176,95706,95707],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95709,95710,95711,2438,95715,37],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[195,95712,95714],{"href":95713},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[195,95716,95718],{"href":95717},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[39,95720,202],{"id":201},[44,95722,95724],{"className":46,"code":95723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95725,95726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95729,15218],{"class":59},[53,95731,37],{"class":67},[53,95733,81489],{"class":117},[53,95735,121],{"class":67},[53,95737,22856],{"class":117},[53,95739,130],{"class":67},[20,95741,11008],{},[173,95743,95744,95749,95752],{},[176,95745,55444,95746,95748],{},[15,95747,95589],{}," on an existing set",[176,95750,95751],{},"Pass exactly one item",[176,95753,95754,95755],{},"The item must be ",[30,95756,95757],{},"hashable",[20,95759,95760],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[173,95762,95763,95765,95767,95770],{},[176,95764,55997],{},[176,95766,56000],{},[176,95768,95769],{},"Tuples",[176,95771,40137],{},[39,95773,11025],{"id":11024},[20,95775,11028],{},[44,95777,95779],{"className":46,"code":95778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95780,95781,95805,95823,95827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95782,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801,95803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95784,561],{"class":59},[53,95786,64],{"class":63},[53,95788,10041],{"class":67},[53,95790,72],{"class":71},[53,95792,570],{"class":75},[53,95794,72],{"class":71},[53,95796,81],{"class":67},[53,95798,84],{"class":71},[53,95800,579],{"class":75},[53,95802,72],{"class":71},[53,95804,8860],{"class":67},[53,95806,95807,95809,95811,95813,95815,95817,95819,95821],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95808,613],{"class":59},[53,95810,37],{"class":67},[53,95812,81489],{"class":117},[53,95814,121],{"class":67},[53,95816,72],{"class":71},[53,95818,596],{"class":75},[53,95820,72],{"class":71},[53,95822,130],{"class":67},[53,95824,95825],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95826,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95828,95829,95831,95833,95835],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95830,137],{"class":136},[53,95832,121],{"class":67},[53,95834,613],{"class":117},[53,95836,130],{"class":67},[20,95838,95839],{},[30,95840,29574],{},[44,95842,95844],{"className":46,"code":95843,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95845,95846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95847,95848,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858,95860,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95849,8829],{"class":67},[53,95851,2862],{"class":71},[53,95853,570],{"class":75},[53,95855,2862],{"class":71},[53,95857,81],{"class":67},[53,95859,2857],{"class":71},[53,95861,596],{"class":75},[53,95863,2862],{"class":71},[53,95865,81],{"class":67},[53,95867,2857],{"class":71},[53,95869,579],{"class":75},[53,95871,2862],{"class":71},[53,95873,8860],{"class":67},[20,95875,95876,95877,95880],{},"The new value ",[15,95878,95879],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95882,95883,95884,95887],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,95885,95886],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95889,95890],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[44,95892,95894],{"className":46,"code":95893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95895,95896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95897,95898,95900,95902,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95899,8829],{"class":67},[53,95901,2862],{"class":71},[53,95903,579],{"class":75},[53,95905,2862],{"class":71},[53,95907,81],{"class":67},[53,95909,2857],{"class":71},[53,95911,570],{"class":75},[53,95913,2862],{"class":71},[53,95915,81],{"class":67},[53,95917,2857],{"class":71},[53,95919,596],{"class":75},[53,95921,2862],{"class":71},[53,95923,8860],{"class":67},[20,95925,95926],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[39,95928,95930],{"id":95929},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95932,95933],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[44,95935,95937],{"className":46,"code":95936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95938,95939,95959,95973,95977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95940,95941,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955,95957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95942,326],{"class":59},[53,95944,64],{"class":63},[53,95946,10041],{"class":67},[53,95948,517],{"class":333},[53,95950,81],{"class":67},[53,95952,790],{"class":333},[53,95954,81],{"class":67},[53,95956,1269],{"class":333},[53,95958,8860],{"class":67},[53,95960,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95962,3209],{"class":59},[53,95964,37],{"class":67},[53,95966,81489],{"class":117},[53,95968,121],{"class":67},[53,95970,525],{"class":333},[53,95972,130],{"class":67},[53,95974,95975],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,95976,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,95978,95979,95981,95983,95985],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,95980,137],{"class":136},[53,95982,121],{"class":67},[53,95984,3209],{"class":117},[53,95986,130],{"class":67},[20,95988,95989],{},[30,95990,388],{},[44,95992,95994],{"className":46,"code":95993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95995,95996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95997,95998,96000,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95999,8829],{"class":67},[53,96001,517],{"class":333},[53,96003,81],{"class":67},[53,96005,790],{"class":333},[53,96007,81],{"class":67},[53,96009,1269],{"class":333},[53,96011,8860],{"class":67},[20,96013,96014,96015,96017],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96016,525],{}," was already present.",[39,96019,96021,10136,96023],{"id":96020},"add-vs-update",[15,96022,95589],{},[15,96024,14505],{},[20,96026,152,96027,96029,96030,37],{},[15,96028,95589],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96031,52199],{},[44,96033,96035],{"className":46,"code":96034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96036,96037,96061,96079,96083],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96038,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96040,687],{"class":59},[53,96042,64],{"class":63},[53,96044,10041],{"class":67},[53,96046,72],{"class":71},[53,96048,195],{"class":75},[53,96050,72],{"class":71},[53,96052,81],{"class":67},[53,96054,84],{"class":71},[53,96056,704],{"class":75},[53,96058,72],{"class":71},[53,96060,8860],{"class":67},[53,96062,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96064,747],{"class":59},[53,96066,37],{"class":67},[53,96068,81489],{"class":117},[53,96070,121],{"class":67},[53,96072,72],{"class":71},[53,96074,713],{"class":75},[53,96076,72],{"class":71},[53,96078,130],{"class":67},[53,96080,96081],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96082,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96084,96085,96087,96089,96091],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96086,137],{"class":136},[53,96088,121],{"class":67},[53,96090,747],{"class":117},[53,96092,130],{"class":67},[20,96094,152,96095,96029,96097,96100],{},[15,96096,14505],{},[30,96098,96099],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[44,96102,96104],{"className":46,"code":96103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96105,96106,96130,96164,96168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96107,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96109,687],{"class":59},[53,96111,64],{"class":63},[53,96113,10041],{"class":67},[53,96115,72],{"class":71},[53,96117,195],{"class":75},[53,96119,72],{"class":71},[53,96121,81],{"class":67},[53,96123,84],{"class":71},[53,96125,704],{"class":75},[53,96127,72],{"class":71},[53,96129,8860],{"class":67},[53,96131,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142,96144,96146,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96133,747],{"class":59},[53,96135,37],{"class":67},[53,96137,30009],{"class":117},[53,96139,2546],{"class":67},[53,96141,72],{"class":71},[53,96143,713],{"class":75},[53,96145,72],{"class":71},[53,96147,81],{"class":67},[53,96149,84],{"class":71},[53,96151,730],{"class":75},[53,96153,72],{"class":71},[53,96155,81],{"class":67},[53,96157,84],{"class":71},[53,96159,59979],{"class":75},[53,96161,72],{"class":71},[53,96163,3449],{"class":67},[53,96165,96166],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96167,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96169,96170,96172,96174,96176],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96171,137],{"class":136},[53,96173,121],{"class":67},[53,96175,747],{"class":117},[53,96177,130],{"class":67},[1418,96179,96181],{"id":96180},"key-difference","Key difference",[173,96183,96184,96189],{},[176,96185,96186,96188],{},[15,96187,95589],{}," adds one item",[176,96190,96191,96193],{},[15,96192,14505],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96195,96196,96197,37],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[195,96198,96200,96201,660],{"href":96199},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96202,14505],{},[39,96204,16967],{"id":16966},[20,96206,96207,532,96209,37],{},[15,96208,95594],{},[15,96210,3338],{},[20,96212,96213,96214,96216],{},"That means you should ",[30,96215,1112],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1418,96218,96220],{"id":96219},"correct","Correct",[44,96222,96224],{"className":46,"code":96223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96225,96226,96246,96260,96264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96227,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96229,15180],{"class":59},[53,96231,64],{"class":63},[53,96233,10041],{"class":67},[53,96235,517],{"class":333},[53,96237,81],{"class":67},[53,96239,790],{"class":333},[53,96241,81],{"class":67},[53,96243,1269],{"class":333},[53,96245,8860],{"class":67},[53,96247,96248,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96249,15218],{"class":59},[53,96251,37],{"class":67},[53,96253,81489],{"class":117},[53,96255,121],{"class":67},[53,96257,2062],{"class":333},[53,96259,130],{"class":67},[53,96261,96262],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96263,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96265,96266,96268,96270,96272],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96267,137],{"class":136},[53,96269,121],{"class":67},[53,96271,15218],{"class":117},[53,96273,130],{"class":67},[1418,96275,96276],{"id":61301},"Wrong",[44,96278,96280],{"className":46,"code":96279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96281,96282,96302,96321,96325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96285,15180],{"class":59},[53,96287,64],{"class":63},[53,96289,10041],{"class":67},[53,96291,517],{"class":333},[53,96293,81],{"class":67},[53,96295,790],{"class":333},[53,96297,81],{"class":67},[53,96299,1269],{"class":333},[53,96301,8860],{"class":67},[53,96303,96304,96306,96308,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96305,15180],{"class":59},[53,96307,64],{"class":63},[53,96309,96310],{"class":59}," my_set",[53,96312,37],{"class":67},[53,96314,81489],{"class":117},[53,96316,121],{"class":67},[53,96318,2062],{"class":333},[53,96320,130],{"class":67},[53,96322,96323],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96324,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96328,137],{"class":136},[53,96330,121],{"class":67},[53,96332,15218],{"class":117},[53,96334,130],{"class":67},[20,96336,96337],{},[30,96338,388],{},[44,96340,96341],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,96342,96343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96344,96345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96346,11359],{"class":3413},[20,96348,96349],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[39,96351,96353],{"id":96352},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96355,96356],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[173,96358,96359,96361,96363,96365],{},[176,96360,55997],{},[176,96362,56000],{},[176,96364,95769],{},[176,96366,40137],{},[20,96368,316],{},[44,96370,96372],{"className":46,"code":96371,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96373,96374,96384,96388,96402,96420,96438,96452,96456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96377,60],{"class":59},[53,96379,64],{"class":63},[53,96381,15185],{"class":1320},[53,96383,8192],{"class":67},[53,96385,96386],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96387,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96389,96390,96392,96394,96396,96398,96400],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96391,956],{"class":59},[53,96393,37],{"class":67},[53,96395,81489],{"class":117},[53,96397,121],{"class":67},[53,96399,334],{"class":333},[53,96401,130],{"class":67},[53,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96405,956],{"class":59},[53,96407,37],{"class":67},[53,96409,81489],{"class":117},[53,96411,121],{"class":67},[53,96413,72],{"class":71},[53,96415,3406],{"class":75},[53,96417,72],{"class":71},[53,96419,130],{"class":67},[53,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,96423,956],{"class":59},[53,96425,37],{"class":67},[53,96427,81489],{"class":117},[53,96429,5062],{"class":67},[53,96431,517],{"class":333},[53,96433,81],{"class":67},[53,96435,790],{"class":333},[53,96437,628],{"class":67},[53,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,96441,956],{"class":59},[53,96443,37],{"class":67},[53,96445,81489],{"class":117},[53,96447,121],{"class":67},[53,96449,3167],{"class":3413},[53,96451,130],{"class":67},[53,96453,96454],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,96455,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96457,96458,96460,96462,96464],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,96459,137],{"class":136},[53,96461,121],{"class":67},[53,96463,956],{"class":117},[53,96465,130],{"class":67},[20,96467,96468],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[173,96470,96471,96474,96477],{},[176,96472,96473],{},"Lists",[176,96475,96476],{},"Dictionaries",[176,96478,96479],{},"Sets",[20,96481,96482],{},"Example that causes an error:",[44,96484,96486],{"className":46,"code":96485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96487,96488,96508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96489,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96491,60],{"class":59},[53,96493,64],{"class":63},[53,96495,10041],{"class":67},[53,96497,517],{"class":333},[53,96499,81],{"class":67},[53,96501,790],{"class":333},[53,96503,81],{"class":67},[53,96505,1269],{"class":333},[53,96507,8860],{"class":67},[53,96509,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96511,956],{"class":59},[53,96513,37],{"class":67},[53,96515,81489],{"class":117},[53,96517,2546],{"class":67},[53,96519,2062],{"class":333},[53,96521,81],{"class":67},[53,96523,4162],{"class":333},[53,96525,3449],{"class":67},[20,96527,96528],{},[30,96529,29225],{},[44,96531,96533],{"className":46,"code":96532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96534,96535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96536,96537,96539,96541,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96538,2565],{"class":1320},[53,96540,171],{"class":67},[53,96542,96543],{"class":59}," unhashable ",[53,96545,1321],{"class":1320},[53,96547,171],{"class":67},[53,96549,2857],{"class":71},[53,96551,7643],{"class":75},[53,96553,29244],{"class":71},[20,96555,96556],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96558,96559,96560,37],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96561,96562],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[39,96564,2389],{"id":2388},[20,96566,14284,96567,171],{},[15,96568,95594],{},[173,96570,96571,96576,96581,96584,96591],{},[176,96572,664,96573,96575],{},[15,96574,95589],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[176,96577,8001,96578,96580],{},[15,96579,95589],{}," to return the updated set",[176,96582,96583],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[176,96585,36747,96586,96588,96589],{},[15,96587,95594],{}," with list ",[15,96590,52195],{},[176,96592,96593],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96595,70889],{},[44,96597,96599],{"className":46,"code":96598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96600,96601,96611,96625,96635,96649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96602,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96604,137],{"class":136},[53,96606,121],{"class":67},[53,96608,15218],{"class":117},[53,96610,130],{"class":67},[53,96612,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96614,137],{"class":136},[53,96616,121],{"class":67},[53,96618,1321],{"class":1320},[53,96620,121],{"class":67},[53,96622,15218],{"class":117},[53,96624,628],{"class":67},[53,96626,96627,96629,96631,96633],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96628,137],{"class":136},[53,96630,121],{"class":67},[53,96632,224],{"class":117},[53,96634,130],{"class":67},[53,96636,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96638,137],{"class":136},[53,96640,121],{"class":67},[53,96642,1321],{"class":1320},[53,96644,121],{"class":67},[53,96646,224],{"class":117},[53,96648,628],{"class":67},[53,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,96652,31697],{"class":136},[53,96654,121],{"class":67},[53,96656,5839],{"class":1320},[53,96658,37],{"class":67},[53,96660,81489],{"class":1223},[53,96662,130],{"class":67},[20,96664,96665,96666,96668,96669,37],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96667,95594],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[195,96670,52589],{"href":96671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[39,96673,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,96675,1431,96677,96679],{"id":96676},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96678,95594],{}," return a new set?",[20,96681,96682,96683,37],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96684,3338],{},[1418,96686,96688],{"id":96687},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96690,96691],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1418,96693,96695],{"id":96694},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96697,152,96698,1175,96701,37],{},[15,96699,96700],{},"set.update()",[15,96702,95589],{},[1418,96704,96706],{"id":96705},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96708,96709,96710,37],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96711,2565],{},[39,96713,1471],{"id":1470},[173,96715,96716,96720,96725],{},[176,96717,96718],{},[195,96719,95714],{"href":95713},[176,96721,96722],{},[195,96723,96724],{"href":95717},"How to create a set in Python",[176,96726,96727],{},[195,96728,96200,96729,660],{"href":96199},[15,96730,14505],{},[20,96732,96733,96734,96736],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96735,95589],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1494,96738,96739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":96741},[96742,96743,96745,96746,96747,96748,96752,96756,96757,96758,96765],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":95686,"depth":104,"text":96744},"What set.add() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":95929,"depth":104,"text":95930},{"id":96020,"depth":104,"text":96749,"children":96750},"add() vs update()",[96751],{"id":96180,"depth":133,"text":96181},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967,"children":96753},[96754,96755],{"id":96219,"depth":133,"text":96220},{"id":61301,"depth":133,"text":96276},{"id":96352,"depth":104,"text":96353},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":96759},[96760,96762,96763,96764],{"id":96676,"depth":133,"text":96761},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96687,"depth":133,"text":96688},{"id":96694,"depth":133,"text":96695},{"id":96705,"depth":133,"text":96706},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95580,"description":96766},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96773,"title":96774,"body":96775,"description":97944,"extension":1524,"meta":97945,"navigation":372,"path":97946,"seo":97947,"stem":97948,"__hash__":97949},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96776,"toc":97911},[96777,96782,96788,96795,96840,96842,96853,96858,96863,96867,96881,96886,96888,96890,96905,96907,96921,96923,96925,96990,96992,97002,97004,97022,97028,97035,97040,97114,97116,97133,97139,97144,97215,97217,97244,97261,97264,97270,97272,97279,97283,97350,97352,97367,97370,97423,97425,97433,97445,97447,97451,97456,97458,97507,97509,97517,97519,97564,97566,97576,97582,97590,97603,97609,97611,97640,97642,97660,97664,97667,97698,97700,97718,97722,97797,97799,97815,97822,97824,97829,97834,97840,97843,97847,97855,97862,97870,97872,97908],[10,96778,95586,96780,18],{"id":96779},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96781,10871],{},[20,96783,96784,96787],{},[15,96785,96786],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96789,96790,96791,96794],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,96792,96793],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[44,96796,96798],{"className":46,"code":96797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96799,96800,96820,96830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96801,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96803,326],{"class":59},[53,96805,64],{"class":63},[53,96807,10041],{"class":67},[53,96809,517],{"class":333},[53,96811,81],{"class":67},[53,96813,790],{"class":333},[53,96815,81],{"class":67},[53,96817,1269],{"class":333},[53,96819,8860],{"class":67},[53,96821,96822,96824,96826,96828],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96823,3209],{"class":59},[53,96825,37],{"class":67},[53,96827,10932],{"class":117},[53,96829,8192],{"class":67},[53,96831,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96833,137],{"class":136},[53,96835,121],{"class":67},[53,96837,3209],{"class":117},[53,96839,130],{"class":67},[20,96841,388],{},[44,96843,96845],{"className":46,"code":96844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n",[15,96846,96847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96848,96849,96851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96850,5839],{"class":1320},[53,96852,8192],{"class":67},[20,96854,96855,96857],{},[15,96856,10871],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[39,96859,163,96861,166],{"id":96860},"what-setclear-does",[15,96862,96786],{},[20,96864,1541,96865,10962],{},[15,96866,10871],{},[173,96868,96869,96872,96874,96878],{},[176,96870,96871],{},"Removes every item from a set",[176,96873,95701],{},[176,96875,10973,96876],{},[15,96877,3338],{},[176,96879,96880],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96882,95710,96883,70988],{},[195,96884,95714],{"href":96885},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[39,96887,202],{"id":201},[20,96889,53985],{},[44,96891,96893],{"className":46,"code":96892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96894,96895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96896,96897,96899,96901,96903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96898,15218],{"class":59},[53,96900,37],{"class":67},[53,96902,10932],{"class":117},[53,96904,8192],{"class":67},[20,96906,12604],{},[173,96908,96909,96912,96915,96918],{},[176,96910,96911],{},"It takes no arguments",[176,96913,96914],{},"It empties the set",[176,96916,96917],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[176,96919,96920],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[39,96922,11025],{"id":11024},[20,96924,11028],{},[44,96926,96928],{"className":46,"code":96927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96929,96930,96962,96966,96976,96980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96931,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958,96960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96933,561],{"class":59},[53,96935,64],{"class":63},[53,96937,10041],{"class":67},[53,96939,72],{"class":71},[53,96941,570],{"class":75},[53,96943,72],{"class":71},[53,96945,81],{"class":67},[53,96947,84],{"class":71},[53,96949,596],{"class":75},[53,96951,72],{"class":71},[53,96953,81],{"class":67},[53,96955,84],{"class":71},[53,96957,579],{"class":75},[53,96959,72],{"class":71},[53,96961,8860],{"class":67},[53,96963,96964],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96965,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96967,96968,96970,96972,96974],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,96969,613],{"class":59},[53,96971,37],{"class":67},[53,96973,10932],{"class":117},[53,96975,8192],{"class":67},[53,96977,96978],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,96979,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,96981,96982,96984,96986,96988],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,96983,137],{"class":136},[53,96985,121],{"class":67},[53,96987,613],{"class":117},[53,96989,130],{"class":67},[20,96991,388],{},[44,96993,96994],{"className":46,"code":96844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,96995,96996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96997,96998,97000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96999,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97001,8192],{"class":67},[20,97003,11234],{},[173,97005,97006,97011,97016],{},[176,97007,97008,97010],{},[15,97009,613],{}," starts with three values",[176,97012,97013,11247],{},[15,97014,97015],{},"colors.clear()",[176,97017,97018,97019,97021],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97020,3357],{},", which means an empty set",[39,97023,97025,97027],{"id":97024},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97026,10871],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97029,97030,667,97032,97034],{},[15,97031,10871],{},[15,97033,3357],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1418,97036,664,97038],{"id":97037},"using-clear",[15,97039,10871],{},[44,97041,97043],{"className":46,"code":97042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97044,97045,97065,97075,97079,97089,97093,97103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97046,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97048,60],{"class":59},[53,97050,64],{"class":63},[53,97052,10041],{"class":67},[53,97054,517],{"class":333},[53,97056,81],{"class":67},[53,97058,790],{"class":333},[53,97060,81],{"class":67},[53,97062,1269],{"class":333},[53,97064,8860],{"class":67},[53,97066,97067,97070,97072],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97068,97069],{"class":59},"other_name ",[53,97071,64],{"class":63},[53,97073,97074],{"class":59}," items\n",[53,97076,97077],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97078,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97080,97081,97083,97085,97087],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,97082,956],{"class":59},[53,97084,37],{"class":67},[53,97086,10932],{"class":117},[53,97088,8192],{"class":67},[53,97090,97091],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,97092,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97094,97095,97097,97099,97101],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,97096,137],{"class":136},[53,97098,121],{"class":67},[53,97100,956],{"class":117},[53,97102,130],{"class":67},[53,97104,97105,97107,97109,97112],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,97106,137],{"class":136},[53,97108,121],{"class":67},[53,97110,97111],{"class":117},"other_name",[53,97113,130],{"class":67},[20,97115,388],{},[44,97117,97119],{"className":46,"code":97118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97120,97121,97127],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97122,97123,97125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97124,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97126,8192],{"class":67},[53,97128,97129,97131],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97130,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97132,8192],{"class":67},[20,97134,97135,97136,37],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97137,97138],{},"same set object",[1418,97140,664,97142],{"id":97141},"using-set",[15,97143,3357],{},[44,97145,97147],{"className":46,"code":97146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97148,97149,97169,97177,97181,97191,97195,97205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97150,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97152,60],{"class":59},[53,97154,64],{"class":63},[53,97156,10041],{"class":67},[53,97158,517],{"class":333},[53,97160,81],{"class":67},[53,97162,790],{"class":333},[53,97164,81],{"class":67},[53,97166,1269],{"class":333},[53,97168,8860],{"class":67},[53,97170,97171,97173,97175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97172,97069],{"class":59},[53,97174,64],{"class":63},[53,97176,97074],{"class":59},[53,97178,97179],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97180,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97182,97183,97185,97187,97189],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,97184,60],{"class":59},[53,97186,64],{"class":63},[53,97188,15185],{"class":1320},[53,97190,8192],{"class":67},[53,97192,97193],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,97194,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97196,97197,97199,97201,97203],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,97198,137],{"class":136},[53,97200,121],{"class":67},[53,97202,956],{"class":117},[53,97204,130],{"class":67},[53,97206,97207,97209,97211,97213],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,97208,137],{"class":136},[53,97210,121],{"class":67},[53,97212,97111],{"class":117},[53,97214,130],{"class":67},[20,97216,388],{},[44,97218,97220],{"className":46,"code":97219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97221,97222,97228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97223,97224,97226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97225,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97227,8192],{"class":67},[53,97229,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97231,8829],{"class":67},[53,97233,517],{"class":333},[53,97235,81],{"class":67},[53,97237,790],{"class":333},[53,97239,81],{"class":67},[53,97241,1269],{"class":333},[53,97243,8860],{"class":67},[20,97245,20318,97246,92478,97249,97252,97253,37,97255,97257,97258,97260],{},[15,97247,97248],{},"items = set()",[30,97250,97251],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97254,956],{},[1147,97256],{},"\nBut ",[15,97259,97111],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97262,97263],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97265,97266,97267,37],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[195,97268,95718],{"href":97269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[39,97271,16967],{"id":16966},[20,97273,97274,13604,97276,97278],{},[15,97275,10871],{},[30,97277,1112],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97280,4701,97281,37],{},[15,97282,3338],{},[44,97284,97286],{"className":46,"code":97285,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97287,97288,97308,97312,97326,97330,97340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97289,97290,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97291,326],{"class":59},[53,97293,64],{"class":63},[53,97295,10041],{"class":67},[53,97297,517],{"class":333},[53,97299,81],{"class":67},[53,97301,790],{"class":333},[53,97303,81],{"class":67},[53,97305,1269],{"class":333},[53,97307,8860],{"class":67},[53,97309,97310],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97311,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97313,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322,97324],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97315,351],{"class":59},[53,97317,64],{"class":63},[53,97319,356],{"class":59},[53,97321,37],{"class":67},[53,97323,10932],{"class":117},[53,97325,8192],{"class":67},[53,97327,97328],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,97329,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97331,97332,97334,97336,97338],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,97333,137],{"class":136},[53,97335,121],{"class":67},[53,97337,383],{"class":117},[53,97339,130],{"class":67},[53,97341,97342,97344,97346,97348],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,97343,137],{"class":136},[53,97345,121],{"class":67},[53,97347,3209],{"class":117},[53,97349,130],{"class":67},[20,97351,388],{},[44,97353,97355],{"className":46,"code":97354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\nset()\n",[15,97356,97357,97361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97358,97359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97360,11359],{"class":3413},[53,97362,97363,97365],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97364,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97366,8192],{"class":67},[20,97368,97369],{},"Do not do this:",[44,97371,97373],{"className":46,"code":97372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97374,97375,97395,97409,97413],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97376,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97378,326],{"class":59},[53,97380,64],{"class":63},[53,97382,10041],{"class":67},[53,97384,517],{"class":333},[53,97386,81],{"class":67},[53,97388,790],{"class":333},[53,97390,81],{"class":67},[53,97392,1269],{"class":333},[53,97394,8860],{"class":67},[53,97396,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97398,326],{"class":59},[53,97400,64],{"class":63},[53,97402,356],{"class":59},[53,97404,37],{"class":67},[53,97406,10932],{"class":117},[53,97408,8192],{"class":67},[53,97410,97411],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97412,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97414,97415,97417,97419,97421],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,97416,137],{"class":136},[53,97418,121],{"class":67},[53,97420,3209],{"class":117},[53,97422,130],{"class":67},[20,97424,388],{},[44,97426,97427],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97428,97429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97430,97431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97432,11359],{"class":3413},[20,97434,21734,97435,532,97437,97439,97440,97442,97443,37],{},[15,97436,54098],{},[15,97438,3338],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97441,3338],{}," back to ",[15,97444,3209],{},[39,97446,1129],{"id":1128},[20,97448,10297,97449,37],{},[15,97450,96786],{},[1418,97452,12146,97454],{"id":97453},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97455,10871],{},[20,97457,1209],{},[44,97459,97461],{"className":46,"code":97460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97462,97463,97483,97497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97464,97465,97467,97469,97471,97473,97475,97477,97479,97481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97466,15180],{"class":59},[53,97468,64],{"class":63},[53,97470,10041],{"class":67},[53,97472,517],{"class":333},[53,97474,81],{"class":67},[53,97476,790],{"class":333},[53,97478,81],{"class":67},[53,97480,1269],{"class":333},[53,97482,8860],{"class":67},[53,97484,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97486,15180],{"class":59},[53,97488,64],{"class":63},[53,97490,96310],{"class":59},[53,97492,37],{"class":67},[53,97494,10932],{"class":117},[53,97496,8192],{"class":67},[53,97498,97499,97501,97503,97505],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97500,137],{"class":136},[53,97502,121],{"class":67},[53,97504,15218],{"class":117},[53,97506,130],{"class":67},[20,97508,388],{},[44,97510,97511],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97512,97513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97514,97515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97516,11359],{"class":3413},[20,97518,1183],{},[44,97520,97522],{"className":46,"code":97521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97523,97524,97544,97554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97525,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97527,15180],{"class":59},[53,97529,64],{"class":63},[53,97531,10041],{"class":67},[53,97533,517],{"class":333},[53,97535,81],{"class":67},[53,97537,790],{"class":333},[53,97539,81],{"class":67},[53,97541,1269],{"class":333},[53,97543,8860],{"class":67},[53,97545,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97547,15218],{"class":59},[53,97549,37],{"class":67},[53,97551,10932],{"class":117},[53,97553,8192],{"class":67},[53,97555,97556,97558,97560,97562],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97557,137],{"class":136},[53,97559,121],{"class":67},[53,97561,15218],{"class":117},[53,97563,130],{"class":67},[20,97565,388],{},[44,97567,97568],{"className":46,"code":96844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97569,97570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97571,97572,97574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97573,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97575,8192],{"class":67},[1418,97577,8001,97579,97581],{"id":97578},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97580,10871],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97583,97584,97586,97587,97589],{},[15,97585,10871],{}," removes ",[30,97588,3275],{}," items from the set.",[20,97591,97592,97593,2438,97598,37],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[195,97594,97596],{"href":97595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97597,55064],{},[195,97599,97601],{"href":97600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97602,12314],{},[1418,97604,664,97606,97608],{"id":97605},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97607,3352],{}," for an empty set",[20,97610,25236],{},[44,97612,97614],{"className":46,"code":97613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97615,97616,97625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97617,97618,97621,97623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97619,97620],{"class":59},"empty_value ",[53,97622,64],{"class":63},[53,97624,9389],{"class":67},[53,97626,97627,97629,97631,97633,97635,97638],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97628,137],{"class":136},[53,97630,121],{"class":67},[53,97632,1321],{"class":1320},[53,97634,121],{"class":67},[53,97636,97637],{"class":117},"empty_value",[53,97639,628],{"class":67},[20,97641,388],{},[44,97643,97644],{"className":46,"code":8358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97645,97646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97647,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97649,2851],{"class":63},[53,97651,2854],{"class":1627},[53,97653,2857],{"class":71},[53,97655,8371],{"class":75},[53,97657,2862],{"class":71},[53,97659,2865],{"class":63},[20,97661,97662,8338],{},[15,97663,3352],{},[20,97665,97666],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[44,97668,97670],{"className":46,"code":97669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97671,97672,97683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97673,97674,97677,97679,97681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97675,97676],{"class":59},"empty_set ",[53,97678,64],{"class":63},[53,97680,15185],{"class":1320},[53,97682,8192],{"class":67},[53,97684,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97696],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97686,137],{"class":136},[53,97688,121],{"class":67},[53,97690,1321],{"class":1320},[53,97692,121],{"class":67},[53,97694,97695],{"class":117},"empty_set",[53,97697,628],{"class":67},[20,97699,388],{},[44,97701,97702],{"className":46,"code":8402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97703,97704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97705,97706,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97707,2851],{"class":63},[53,97709,2854],{"class":1627},[53,97711,2857],{"class":71},[53,97713,5839],{"class":75},[53,97715,2862],{"class":71},[53,97717,2865],{"class":63},[1418,97719,97721],{"id":97720},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[44,97723,97725],{"className":46,"code":97724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97726,97727,97751,97759,97763,97773,97777,97787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97728,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97730,2112],{"class":59},[53,97732,64],{"class":63},[53,97734,10041],{"class":67},[53,97736,72],{"class":71},[53,97738,1735],{"class":75},[53,97740,72],{"class":71},[53,97742,81],{"class":67},[53,97744,84],{"class":71},[53,97746,11296],{"class":75},[53,97748,72],{"class":71},[53,97750,8860],{"class":67},[53,97752,97753,97755,97757],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97754,2140],{"class":59},[53,97756,64],{"class":63},[53,97758,35718],{"class":59},[53,97760,97761],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,97762,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97764,97765,97767,97769,97771],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,97766,195],{"class":59},[53,97768,37],{"class":67},[53,97770,10932],{"class":117},[53,97772,8192],{"class":67},[53,97774,97775],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,97776,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,97778,97779,97781,97783,97785],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,97780,137],{"class":136},[53,97782,121],{"class":67},[53,97784,195],{"class":117},[53,97786,130],{"class":67},[53,97788,97789,97791,97793,97795],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,97790,137],{"class":136},[53,97792,121],{"class":67},[53,97794,704],{"class":117},[53,97796,130],{"class":67},[20,97798,388],{},[44,97800,97801],{"className":46,"code":97118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97802,97803,97809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97804,97805,97807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97806,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97808,8192],{"class":67},[53,97810,97811,97813],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97812,5839],{"class":1320},[53,97814,8192],{"class":67},[20,97816,28605,97817,667,97819,97821],{},[15,97818,195],{},[15,97820,704],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[39,97823,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,97825,1421,97827,1424],{"id":97826},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97828,96786],{},[20,97830,4701,97831,97833],{},[15,97832,3338],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1418,97835,1431,97837,97839],{"id":97836},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97838,10871],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97841,97842],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1418,97844,97846],{"id":97845},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97848,97849,97850,97852,97853,37],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97851,10871],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97854,3357],{},[1418,97856,4731,97858,667,97860,1459],{"id":97857},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97859,10871],{},[15,97861,3357],{},[20,97863,97864,97866,97867,97869],{},[15,97865,10871],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97868,3357],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[39,97871,1471],{"id":1470},[173,97873,97874,97878,97882,97889,97895,97901],{},[176,97875,97876],{},[195,97877,95714],{"href":96885},[176,97879,97880],{},[195,97881,96724],{"href":97269},[176,97883,97884],{},[195,97885,96200,97887,660],{"href":97886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97888,95589],{},[176,97890,97891],{},[195,97892,96200,97893,660],{"href":97595},[15,97894,55064],{},[176,97896,97897],{},[195,97898,96200,97899,660],{"href":97600},[15,97900,12314],{},[176,97902,97903],{},[195,97904,96200,97906,660],{"href":97905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97907,14505],{},[1494,97909,97910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":97912},[97913,97915,97916,97917,97924,97925,97934,97943],{"id":96860,"depth":104,"text":97914},"What set.clear() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":97024,"depth":104,"text":97918,"children":97919},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97920,97922],{"id":97037,"depth":133,"text":97921},"Using clear()",{"id":97141,"depth":133,"text":97923},"Using set()",{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":97926},[97927,97929,97931,97933],{"id":97453,"depth":133,"text":97928},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97578,"depth":133,"text":97930},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97605,"depth":133,"text":97932},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97720,"depth":133,"text":97721},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":97935},[97936,97938,97940,97941],{"id":97826,"depth":133,"text":97937},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97836,"depth":133,"text":97939},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97845,"depth":133,"text":97846},{"id":97857,"depth":133,"text":97942},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96774,"description":97944},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97951,"title":97952,"body":97953,"description":99785,"extension":1524,"meta":99786,"navigation":372,"path":95717,"seo":99787,"stem":99788,"__hash__":99789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97954,"toc":99742},[97955,97958,97961,97964,97966,98069,98073,98120,98126,98128,98147,98151,98154,98156,98170,98179,98183,98186,98221,98225,98245,98248,98252,98255,98316,98320,98345,98352,98358,98363,98365,98377,98381,98430,98434,98458,98465,98469,98510,98514,98535,98539,98572,98576,98617,98620,98624,98629,98668,98672,98697,98702,98708,98745,98749,98772,98776,98778,98781,98784,98861,98865,98902,98905,98909,98915,98918,98928,98977,98983,98989,99016,99019,99041,99043,99074,99077,99081,99085,99124,99128,99191,99194,99227,99231,99256,99258,99261,99267,99270,99297,99300,99318,99322,99326,99329,99372,99375,99379,99382,99385,99415,99418,99422,99425,99440,99445,99449,99452,99541,99543,99546,99636,99639,99657,99659,99663,99673,99677,99685,99689,99692,99696,99699,99703,99706,99708,99736,99739],[10,97956,97952],{"id":97957},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97959,97960],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97962,97963],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[39,97965,42],{"id":41},[44,97967,97969],{"className":46,"code":97968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97970,97971,97991,98025,98035,98039,98049,98059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97972,97973,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97974,326],{"class":59},[53,97976,64],{"class":63},[53,97978,10041],{"class":67},[53,97980,517],{"class":333},[53,97982,81],{"class":67},[53,97984,790],{"class":333},[53,97986,81],{"class":67},[53,97988,1269],{"class":333},[53,97990,8860],{"class":67},[53,97992,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97994,3631],{"class":59},[53,97996,64],{"class":63},[53,97998,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98000,2546],{"class":67},[53,98002,72],{"class":71},[53,98004,76],{"class":75},[53,98006,72],{"class":71},[53,98008,81],{"class":67},[53,98010,84],{"class":71},[53,98012,87],{"class":75},[53,98014,72],{"class":71},[53,98016,81],{"class":67},[53,98018,84],{"class":71},[53,98020,76],{"class":75},[53,98022,72],{"class":71},[53,98024,3449],{"class":67},[53,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98028,97676],{"class":59},[53,98030,64],{"class":63},[53,98032,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98034,8192],{"class":67},[53,98036,98037],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,98038,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,98040,98041,98043,98045,98047],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,98042,137],{"class":136},[53,98044,121],{"class":67},[53,98046,3209],{"class":117},[53,98048,130],{"class":67},[53,98050,98051,98053,98055,98057],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,98052,137],{"class":136},[53,98054,121],{"class":67},[53,98056,3672],{"class":117},[53,98058,130],{"class":67},[53,98060,98061,98063,98065,98067],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,98062,137],{"class":136},[53,98064,121],{"class":67},[53,98066,97695],{"class":117},[53,98068,130],{"class":67},[20,98070,98071],{},[30,98072,388],{},[44,98074,98076],{"className":46,"code":98075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98077,98078,98094,98114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98079,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98081,8829],{"class":67},[53,98083,517],{"class":333},[53,98085,81],{"class":67},[53,98087,790],{"class":333},[53,98089,81],{"class":67},[53,98091,1269],{"class":333},[53,98093,8860],{"class":67},[53,98095,98096,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106,98108,98110,98112],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98097,8829],{"class":67},[53,98099,2862],{"class":71},[53,98101,87],{"class":75},[53,98103,2862],{"class":71},[53,98105,81],{"class":67},[53,98107,2857],{"class":71},[53,98109,76],{"class":75},[53,98111,2862],{"class":71},[53,98113,8860],{"class":67},[53,98115,98116,98118],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98117,5839],{"class":1320},[53,98119,8192],{"class":67},[20,98121,98122,98123,98125],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98124,3357],{}," for an empty set.",[39,98127,14714],{"id":14713},[173,98129,98130,98133,98138,98141,98144],{},[176,98131,98132],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[176,98134,98135,98136],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98137,3357],{},[176,98139,98140],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[176,98142,98143],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[176,98145,98146],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[39,98148,98150],{"id":98149},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98152,98153],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98155,30085],{},[173,98157,98158,98161,98164,98167],{},[176,98159,98160],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[176,98162,98163],{},"Sets are unordered",[176,98165,98166],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[176,98168,98169],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98171,98172,98173,2438,98175,37],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[195,98174,95714],{"href":96885},[195,98176,98178],{"href":98177},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[39,98180,98182],{"id":98181},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98184,98185],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[44,98187,98189],{"className":46,"code":98188,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98190,98191,98211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98192,98193,98195,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98194,326],{"class":59},[53,98196,64],{"class":63},[53,98198,10041],{"class":67},[53,98200,517],{"class":333},[53,98202,81],{"class":67},[53,98204,790],{"class":333},[53,98206,81],{"class":67},[53,98208,1269],{"class":333},[53,98210,8860],{"class":67},[53,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98214,137],{"class":136},[53,98216,121],{"class":67},[53,98218,3209],{"class":117},[53,98220,130],{"class":67},[20,98222,98223],{},[30,98224,29574],{},[44,98226,98227],{"className":46,"code":95993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98228,98229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98230,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98232,8829],{"class":67},[53,98234,517],{"class":333},[53,98236,81],{"class":67},[53,98238,790],{"class":333},[53,98240,81],{"class":67},[53,98242,1269],{"class":333},[53,98244,8860],{"class":67},[20,98246,98247],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1418,98249,98251],{"id":98250},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98253,98254],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[44,98256,98258],{"className":46,"code":98257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98259,98260,98292,98302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98261,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98288,98290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98263,326],{"class":59},[53,98265,64],{"class":63},[53,98267,10041],{"class":67},[53,98269,517],{"class":333},[53,98271,81],{"class":67},[53,98273,790],{"class":333},[53,98275,81],{"class":67},[53,98277,790],{"class":333},[53,98279,81],{"class":67},[53,98281,1269],{"class":333},[53,98283,81],{"class":67},[53,98285,1269],{"class":333},[53,98287,81],{"class":67},[53,98289,1269],{"class":333},[53,98291,8860],{"class":67},[53,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98295,137],{"class":136},[53,98297,121],{"class":67},[53,98299,3209],{"class":117},[53,98301,130],{"class":67},[53,98303,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98305,137],{"class":136},[53,98307,121],{"class":67},[53,98309,10711],{"class":136},[53,98311,121],{"class":67},[53,98313,3209],{"class":117},[53,98315,628],{"class":67},[20,98317,98318],{},[30,98319,29574],{},[44,98321,98323],{"className":46,"code":98322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98324,98325,98341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98328,8829],{"class":67},[53,98330,517],{"class":333},[53,98332,81],{"class":67},[53,98334,790],{"class":333},[53,98336,81],{"class":67},[53,98338,1269],{"class":333},[53,98340,8860],{"class":67},[53,98342,98343],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98344,847],{"class":333},[20,98346,642,98347,667,98349,98351],{},[15,98348,525],{},[15,98350,882],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[39,98353,98355,98356],{"id":98354},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98357,3357],{},[20,98359,152,98360,98362],{},[15,98361,3357],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98364,5009],{},[173,98366,98367,98369,98371,98373],{},[176,98368,96473],{},[176,98370,95769],{},[176,98372,56000],{},[176,98374,98375],{},[15,98376,35741],{},[1418,98378,98380],{"id":98379},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[44,98382,98384],{"className":46,"code":98383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98385,98386,98420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98387,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98389,326],{"class":59},[53,98391,64],{"class":63},[53,98393,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98395,2546],{"class":67},[53,98397,517],{"class":333},[53,98399,81],{"class":67},[53,98401,790],{"class":333},[53,98403,81],{"class":67},[53,98405,790],{"class":333},[53,98407,81],{"class":67},[53,98409,1269],{"class":333},[53,98411,81],{"class":67},[53,98413,1269],{"class":333},[53,98415,81],{"class":67},[53,98417,826],{"class":333},[53,98419,3449],{"class":67},[53,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98423,137],{"class":136},[53,98425,121],{"class":67},[53,98427,3209],{"class":117},[53,98429,130],{"class":67},[20,98431,98432],{},[30,98433,29574],{},[44,98435,98436],{"className":46,"code":95656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98437,98438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98439,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98441,8829],{"class":67},[53,98443,517],{"class":333},[53,98445,81],{"class":67},[53,98447,790],{"class":333},[53,98449,81],{"class":67},[53,98451,1269],{"class":333},[53,98453,81],{"class":67},[53,98455,826],{"class":333},[53,98457,8860],{"class":67},[20,98459,98460,98461,37],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[195,98462,98464],{"href":98463},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1418,98466,98468],{"id":98467},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[44,98470,98472],{"className":46,"code":98471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98473,98474,98500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98475,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98477,3383],{"class":59},[53,98479,64],{"class":63},[53,98481,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98483,5062],{"class":67},[53,98485,334],{"class":333},[53,98487,81],{"class":67},[53,98489,339],{"class":333},[53,98491,81],{"class":67},[53,98493,339],{"class":333},[53,98495,81],{"class":67},[53,98497,344],{"class":333},[53,98499,628],{"class":67},[53,98501,98502,98504,98506,98508],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98503,137],{"class":136},[53,98505,121],{"class":67},[53,98507,4911],{"class":117},[53,98509,130],{"class":67},[20,98511,98512],{},[30,98513,29574],{},[44,98515,98517],{"className":46,"code":98516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98518,98519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98520,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98522,8829],{"class":67},[53,98524,334],{"class":333},[53,98526,81],{"class":67},[53,98528,339],{"class":333},[53,98530,81],{"class":67},[53,98532,344],{"class":333},[53,98534,8860],{"class":67},[1418,98536,98538],{"id":98537},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[44,98540,98542],{"className":46,"code":98541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98543,98544,98562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98545,98546,98548,98550,98552,98554,98556,98558,98560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98547,687],{"class":59},[53,98549,64],{"class":63},[53,98551,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98553,121],{"class":67},[53,98555,72],{"class":71},[53,98557,3406],{"class":75},[53,98559,72],{"class":71},[53,98561,130],{"class":67},[53,98563,98564,98566,98568,98570],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98565,137],{"class":136},[53,98567,121],{"class":67},[53,98569,747],{"class":117},[53,98571,130],{"class":67},[20,98573,98574],{},[30,98575,29574],{},[44,98577,98579],{"className":46,"code":98578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98580,98581],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98582,98583,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98584,8829],{"class":67},[53,98586,2862],{"class":71},[53,98588,59970],{"class":75},[53,98590,2862],{"class":71},[53,98592,81],{"class":67},[53,98594,2857],{"class":71},[53,98596,59979],{"class":75},[53,98598,2862],{"class":71},[53,98600,81],{"class":67},[53,98602,2857],{"class":71},[53,98604,59988],{"class":75},[53,98606,2862],{"class":71},[53,98608,81],{"class":67},[53,98610,2857],{"class":71},[53,98612,60005],{"class":75},[53,98614,2862],{"class":71},[53,98616,8860],{"class":67},[20,98618,98619],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[39,98621,98623],{"id":98622},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98625,98626,98627,37],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98628,3357],{},[44,98630,98632],{"className":46,"code":98631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98633,98634,98644,98654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98635,98636,98638,98640,98642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98637,97676],{"class":59},[53,98639,64],{"class":63},[53,98641,15185],{"class":1320},[53,98643,8192],{"class":67},[53,98645,98646,98648,98650,98652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98647,137],{"class":136},[53,98649,121],{"class":67},[53,98651,97695],{"class":117},[53,98653,130],{"class":67},[53,98655,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98657,137],{"class":136},[53,98659,121],{"class":67},[53,98661,1321],{"class":1320},[53,98663,121],{"class":67},[53,98665,97695],{"class":117},[53,98667,628],{"class":67},[20,98669,98670],{},[30,98671,388],{},[44,98673,98675],{"className":46,"code":98674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98676,98677,98683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98678,98679,98681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98680,5839],{"class":1320},[53,98682,8192],{"class":67},[53,98684,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98686,2851],{"class":63},[53,98688,2854],{"class":1627},[53,98690,2857],{"class":71},[53,98692,5839],{"class":75},[53,98694,2862],{"class":71},[53,98696,2865],{"class":63},[1418,98698,43972,98700],{"id":98699},"do-not-use",[15,98701,3352],{},[20,98703,98704,98705,98707],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98706,1112],{}," create a set.",[44,98709,98711],{"className":46,"code":98710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98712,98713,98721,98731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98714,98715,98717,98719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98716,97620],{"class":59},[53,98718,64],{"class":63},[53,98720,9389],{"class":67},[53,98722,98723,98725,98727,98729],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98724,137],{"class":136},[53,98726,121],{"class":67},[53,98728,97637],{"class":117},[53,98730,130],{"class":67},[53,98732,98733,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98734,137],{"class":136},[53,98736,121],{"class":67},[53,98738,1321],{"class":1320},[53,98740,121],{"class":67},[53,98742,97637],{"class":117},[53,98744,628],{"class":67},[20,98746,98747],{},[30,98748,388],{},[44,98750,98752],{"className":46,"code":98751,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98753,98754,98758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98755,98756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98757,8986],{"class":67},[53,98759,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98761,2851],{"class":63},[53,98763,2854],{"class":1627},[53,98765,2857],{"class":71},[53,98767,8371],{"class":75},[53,98769,2862],{"class":71},[53,98771,2865],{"class":63},[20,98773,98774,8338],{},[15,98775,3352],{},[39,98777,71652],{"id":71651},[20,98779,98780],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98782,98783],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[44,98785,98787],{"className":46,"code":98786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98788,98789,98837,98847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98790,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98792,3631],{"class":59},[53,98794,64],{"class":63},[53,98796,10041],{"class":67},[53,98798,72],{"class":71},[53,98800,76],{"class":75},[53,98802,72],{"class":71},[53,98804,81],{"class":67},[53,98806,84],{"class":71},[53,98808,87],{"class":75},[53,98810,72],{"class":71},[53,98812,81],{"class":67},[53,98814,84],{"class":71},[53,98816,76],{"class":75},[53,98818,72],{"class":71},[53,98820,81],{"class":67},[53,98822,84],{"class":71},[53,98824,76],{"class":75},[53,98826,72],{"class":71},[53,98828,81],{"class":67},[53,98830,84],{"class":71},[53,98832,967],{"class":75},[53,98834,72],{"class":71},[53,98836,8860],{"class":67},[53,98838,98839,98841,98843,98845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98840,137],{"class":136},[53,98842,121],{"class":67},[53,98844,3672],{"class":117},[53,98846,130],{"class":67},[53,98848,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,98850,137],{"class":136},[53,98852,121],{"class":67},[53,98854,10711],{"class":136},[53,98856,121],{"class":67},[53,98858,3672],{"class":117},[53,98860,628],{"class":67},[20,98862,98863],{},[30,98864,29574],{},[44,98866,98868],{"className":46,"code":98867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98869,98870,98898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98871,98872,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98873,8829],{"class":67},[53,98875,2862],{"class":71},[53,98877,87],{"class":75},[53,98879,2862],{"class":71},[53,98881,81],{"class":67},[53,98883,2857],{"class":71},[53,98885,967],{"class":75},[53,98887,2862],{"class":71},[53,98889,81],{"class":67},[53,98891,2857],{"class":71},[53,98893,76],{"class":75},[53,98895,2862],{"class":71},[53,98897,8860],{"class":67},[53,98899,98900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98901,847],{"class":333},[20,98903,98904],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[39,98906,98908],{"id":98907},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98910,98911,98912,98914],{},"Set items must be ",[30,98913,95757],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98916,98917],{},"These usually work:",[173,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926],{},[176,98921,55997],{},[176,98923,56000],{},[176,98925,95769],{},[176,98927,40137],{},[44,98929,98931],{"className":46,"code":98930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98932,98933,98967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98934,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98936,3383],{"class":59},[53,98938,64],{"class":63},[53,98940,10041],{"class":67},[53,98942,517],{"class":333},[53,98944,81],{"class":67},[53,98946,84],{"class":71},[53,98948,76],{"class":75},[53,98950,72],{"class":71},[53,98952,81],{"class":67},[53,98954,8787],{"class":67},[53,98956,334],{"class":333},[53,98958,81],{"class":67},[53,98960,339],{"class":333},[53,98962,8784],{"class":67},[53,98964,3476],{"class":3413},[53,98966,8860],{"class":67},[53,98968,98969,98971,98973,98975],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98970,137],{"class":136},[53,98972,121],{"class":67},[53,98974,4911],{"class":117},[53,98976,130],{"class":67},[20,98978,98979,98980,98982],{},"These do ",[30,98981,1112],{}," work directly:",[173,98984,98985,98987],{},[176,98986,96473],{},[176,98988,96476],{},[44,98990,98992],{"className":46,"code":98991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98993,98994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98995,98996,98999,99001,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98997,98998],{"class":59},"bad_set ",[53,99000,64],{"class":63},[53,99002,99003],{"class":67}," {[",[53,99005,517],{"class":333},[53,99007,81],{"class":67},[53,99009,790],{"class":333},[53,99011,81],{"class":67},[53,99013,1269],{"class":333},[53,99015,13256],{"class":67},[20,99017,99018],{},"This raises an error:",[44,99020,99021],{"className":46,"code":96532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,99022,99023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99024,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99026,2565],{"class":1320},[53,99028,171],{"class":67},[53,99030,96543],{"class":59},[53,99032,1321],{"class":1320},[53,99034,171],{"class":67},[53,99036,2857],{"class":71},[53,99038,7643],{"class":75},[53,99040,29244],{"class":71},[20,99042,51622],{},[44,99044,99046],{"className":46,"code":99045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99047,99048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99049,99050,99052,99054,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069,99071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99051,98998],{"class":59},[53,99053,64],{"class":63},[53,99055,99056],{"class":67}," {{",[53,99058,72],{"class":71},[53,99060,7220],{"class":75},[53,99062,72],{"class":71},[53,99064,171],{"class":67},[53,99066,84],{"class":71},[53,99068,7229],{"class":75},[53,99070,72],{"class":71},[53,99072,99073],{"class":67},"}}\n",[20,99075,99076],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,99078,99080],{"id":99079},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1418,99082,99084],{"id":99083},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[44,99086,99088],{"className":46,"code":99087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99089,99090,99114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99091,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99093,326],{"class":59},[53,99095,64],{"class":63},[53,99097,10041],{"class":67},[53,99099,517],{"class":333},[53,99101,81],{"class":67},[53,99103,790],{"class":333},[53,99105,81],{"class":67},[53,99107,1269],{"class":333},[53,99109,81],{"class":67},[53,99111,826],{"class":333},[53,99113,8860],{"class":67},[53,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99117,137],{"class":136},[53,99119,121],{"class":67},[53,99121,3209],{"class":117},[53,99123,130],{"class":67},[1418,99125,99127],{"id":99126},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[44,99129,99131],{"className":46,"code":99130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99132,99133,99161,99176,99180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99134,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99136,60],{"class":59},[53,99138,64],{"class":63},[53,99140,68],{"class":67},[53,99142,517],{"class":333},[53,99144,81],{"class":67},[53,99146,821],{"class":333},[53,99148,81],{"class":67},[53,99150,790],{"class":333},[53,99152,81],{"class":67},[53,99154,1269],{"class":333},[53,99156,81],{"class":67},[53,99158,1269],{"class":333},[53,99160,101],{"class":67},[53,99162,99163,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99164,99165],{"class":59},"unique_items ",[53,99167,64],{"class":63},[53,99169,15185],{"class":1320},[53,99171,121],{"class":67},[53,99173,956],{"class":117},[53,99175,130],{"class":67},[53,99177,99178],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,99179,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,99181,99182,99184,99186,99189],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,99183,137],{"class":136},[53,99185,121],{"class":67},[53,99187,99188],{"class":117},"unique_items",[53,99190,130],{"class":67},[1418,99192,98538],{"id":99193},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[44,99195,99197],{"className":46,"code":99196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99198,99199,99217],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99200,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99202,687],{"class":59},[53,99204,64],{"class":63},[53,99206,15185],{"class":1320},[53,99208,121],{"class":67},[53,99210,72],{"class":71},[53,99212,87],{"class":75},[53,99214,72],{"class":71},[53,99216,130],{"class":67},[53,99218,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99220,137],{"class":136},[53,99222,121],{"class":67},[53,99224,747],{"class":117},[53,99226,130],{"class":67},[1418,99228,99230],{"id":99229},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[44,99232,99234],{"className":46,"code":99233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99235,99236,99246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99237,99238,99240,99242,99244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99239,97676],{"class":59},[53,99241,64],{"class":63},[53,99243,15185],{"class":1320},[53,99245,8192],{"class":67},[53,99247,99248,99250,99252,99254],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99249,137],{"class":136},[53,99251,121],{"class":67},[53,99253,97695],{"class":117},[53,99255,130],{"class":67},[39,99257,2389],{"id":2388},[20,99259,99260],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1418,99262,664,99264,99266],{"id":99263},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99265,3352],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99268,99269],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[44,99271,99273],{"className":46,"code":99272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99274,99275,99283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99276,99277,99279,99281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99278,2006],{"class":59},[53,99280,64],{"class":63},[53,99282,9389],{"class":67},[53,99284,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99286,137],{"class":136},[53,99288,121],{"class":67},[53,99290,1321],{"class":1320},[53,99292,121],{"class":67},[53,99294,224],{"class":117},[53,99296,628],{"class":67},[20,99298,99299],{},"This prints:",[44,99301,99302],{"className":46,"code":8358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,99303,99304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99305,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99307,2851],{"class":63},[53,99309,2854],{"class":1627},[53,99311,2857],{"class":71},[53,99313,8371],{"class":75},[53,99315,2862],{"class":71},[53,99317,2865],{"class":63},[20,99319,152,99320,1442],{},[15,99321,3357],{},[1418,99323,99325],{"id":99324},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99327,99328],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[44,99330,99332],{"className":46,"code":99331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99333,99334,99362],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99335,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99337,326],{"class":59},[53,99339,64],{"class":63},[53,99341,10041],{"class":67},[53,99343,517],{"class":333},[53,99345,81],{"class":67},[53,99347,821],{"class":333},[53,99349,81],{"class":67},[53,99351,790],{"class":333},[53,99353,81],{"class":67},[53,99355,790],{"class":333},[53,99357,81],{"class":67},[53,99359,1269],{"class":333},[53,99361,8860],{"class":67},[53,99363,99364,99366,99368,99370],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99365,137],{"class":136},[53,99367,121],{"class":67},[53,99369,3209],{"class":117},[53,99371,130],{"class":67},[20,99373,99374],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1418,99376,99378],{"id":99377},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99380,99381],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99383,99384],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[44,99386,99388],{"className":46,"code":99387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99389,99390,99410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99391,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99393,326],{"class":59},[53,99395,64],{"class":63},[53,99397,10041],{"class":67},[53,99399,334],{"class":333},[53,99401,81],{"class":67},[53,99403,339],{"class":333},[53,99405,81],{"class":67},[53,99407,344],{"class":333},[53,99409,8860],{"class":67},[53,99411,99412],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99413,99414],{"class":148},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99416,99417],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1418,99419,99421],{"id":99420},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99423,99424],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[44,99426,99428],{"className":46,"code":99427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99429,99430,99435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99431,99432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99433,99434],{"class":148},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[53,99436,99437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99438,99439],{"class":148},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99441,99442,99443,37],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99444,2565],{},[1418,99446,99448],{"id":99447},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99450,99451],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[44,99453,99455],{"className":46,"code":99454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99456,99457,99477,99509,99513,99527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99458,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99460,15180],{"class":59},[53,99462,64],{"class":63},[53,99464,10041],{"class":67},[53,99466,517],{"class":333},[53,99468,81],{"class":67},[53,99470,790],{"class":333},[53,99472,81],{"class":67},[53,99474,1269],{"class":333},[53,99476,8860],{"class":67},[53,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99480,11275],{"class":59},[53,99482,64],{"class":63},[53,99484,10041],{"class":67},[53,99486,72],{"class":71},[53,99488,195],{"class":75},[53,99490,72],{"class":71},[53,99492,171],{"class":67},[53,99494,821],{"class":333},[53,99496,81],{"class":67},[53,99498,84],{"class":71},[53,99500,704],{"class":75},[53,99502,72],{"class":71},[53,99504,171],{"class":67},[53,99506,790],{"class":333},[53,99508,8860],{"class":67},[53,99510,99511],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,99512,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,99514,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,99516,137],{"class":136},[53,99518,121],{"class":67},[53,99520,1321],{"class":1320},[53,99522,121],{"class":67},[53,99524,15218],{"class":117},[53,99526,628],{"class":67},[53,99528,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,99530,137],{"class":136},[53,99532,121],{"class":67},[53,99534,1321],{"class":1320},[53,99536,121],{"class":67},[53,99538,10999],{"class":117},[53,99540,628],{"class":67},[39,99542,92169],{"id":92168},[20,99544,99545],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[44,99547,99549],{"className":46,"code":99548,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99550,99551,99577,99581,99595,99605,99619,99626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99554,15180],{"class":59},[53,99556,64],{"class":63},[53,99558,15185],{"class":1320},[53,99560,2546],{"class":67},[53,99562,517],{"class":333},[53,99564,81],{"class":67},[53,99566,790],{"class":333},[53,99568,81],{"class":67},[53,99570,790],{"class":333},[53,99572,81],{"class":67},[53,99574,1269],{"class":333},[53,99576,3449],{"class":67},[53,99578,99579],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99580,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,99582,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,99584,137],{"class":136},[53,99586,121],{"class":67},[53,99588,1321],{"class":1320},[53,99590,121],{"class":67},[53,99592,15218],{"class":117},[53,99594,628],{"class":67},[53,99596,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,99598,137],{"class":136},[53,99600,121],{"class":67},[53,99602,15218],{"class":117},[53,99604,130],{"class":67},[53,99606,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,99608,137],{"class":136},[53,99610,121],{"class":67},[53,99612,10711],{"class":136},[53,99614,121],{"class":67},[53,99616,15218],{"class":117},[53,99618,628],{"class":67},[53,99620,99621,99623],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,99622,137],{"class":136},[53,99624,99625],{"class":67},"({})\n",[53,99627,99628,99630,99632,99634],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,99629,137],{"class":136},[53,99631,121],{"class":67},[53,99633,5839],{"class":1320},[53,99635,6745],{"class":67},[20,99637,99638],{},"Use these to confirm:",[173,99640,99641,99644,99647,99650],{},[176,99642,99643],{},"The object type",[176,99645,99646],{},"The actual values stored",[176,99648,99649],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[176,99651,99652,99653,667,99655],{},"The difference between ",[15,99654,3352],{},[15,99656,3357],{},[39,99658,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,99660,99662],{"id":99661},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99664,99665,99666,99669,99670,99672],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99667,99668],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99671,3357],{}," with another iterable.",[1418,99674,99676],{"id":99675},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99678,152,99679,99681,99682,99684],{},[15,99680,3357],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99683,3352],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1418,99686,99688],{"id":99687},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99690,99691],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1418,99693,99695],{"id":99694},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99697,99698],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1418,99700,99702],{"id":99701},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99704,99705],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[39,99707,1471],{"id":1470},[173,99709,99710,99714,99720,99726,99731],{},[176,99711,99712],{},[195,99713,95714],{"href":96885},[176,99715,99716],{},[195,99717,3138,99718,660],{"href":97886},[15,99719,95594],{},[176,99721,99722],{},[195,99723,3138,99724,660],{"href":97905},[15,99725,96700],{},[176,99727,99728],{},[195,99729,99730],{"href":98463},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[176,99732,99733],{},[195,99734,99735],{"href":98177},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99737,99738],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1494,99740,99741],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":99743},[99744,99745,99746,99747,99750,99756,99760,99761,99762,99768,99776,99777,99784],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":98149,"depth":104,"text":98150},{"id":98181,"depth":104,"text":98182,"children":99748},[99749],{"id":98250,"depth":133,"text":98251},{"id":98354,"depth":104,"text":99751,"children":99752},"Create a set with set()",[99753,99754,99755],{"id":98379,"depth":133,"text":98380},{"id":98467,"depth":133,"text":98468},{"id":98537,"depth":133,"text":98538},{"id":98622,"depth":104,"text":98623,"children":99757},[99758],{"id":98699,"depth":133,"text":99759},"Do not use {}",{"id":71651,"depth":104,"text":71652},{"id":98907,"depth":104,"text":98908},{"id":99079,"depth":104,"text":99080,"children":99763},[99764,99765,99766,99767],{"id":99083,"depth":133,"text":99084},{"id":99126,"depth":133,"text":99127},{"id":99193,"depth":133,"text":98538},{"id":99229,"depth":133,"text":99230},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":99769},[99770,99772,99773,99774,99775],{"id":99263,"depth":133,"text":99771},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99324,"depth":133,"text":99325},{"id":99377,"depth":133,"text":99378},{"id":99420,"depth":133,"text":99421},{"id":99447,"depth":133,"text":99448},{"id":92168,"depth":104,"text":92169},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":99778},[99779,99780,99781,99782,99783],{"id":99661,"depth":133,"text":99662},{"id":99675,"depth":133,"text":99676},{"id":99687,"depth":133,"text":99688},{"id":99694,"depth":133,"text":99695},{"id":99701,"depth":133,"text":99702},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97952,"description":99785},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99791,"title":99792,"body":99793,"description":102224,"extension":1524,"meta":102225,"navigation":372,"path":102226,"seo":102227,"stem":102228,"__hash__":102229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99794,"toc":102189},[99795,99801,99807,99810,99812,99889,99891,99908,99918,99920,99925,99933,99935,99951,99955,99957,99959,99962,99983,99986,100010,100016,100018,100115,100117,100134,100144,100146,100148,100156,100158,100169,100171,100262,100264,100288,100299,100301,100303,100306,100436,100438,100511,100513,100534,100537,100539,100545,100550,100553,100680,100682,100699,100702,100704,100712,100715,100719,100727,100818,100820,100857,100862,100869,100946,100948,100964,100969,100974,100976,100985,100993,101074,101076,101105,101108,101112,101123,101126,101209,101211,101232,101238,101240,101242,101246,101250,101257,101322,101324,101344,101347,101416,101418,101434,101438,101444,101456,101464,101466,101551,101553,101582,101585,101589,101594,101596,101646,101649,101730,101732,101748,101752,101755,101830,101833,101837,101840,101917,101919,101952,101958,101962,101965,102100,102102,102116,102118,102120,102126,102129,102136,102144,102150,102153,102157,102160,102162,102164,102186],[10,99796,95586,99798,18],{"id":99797},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99799,99800],{},"difference()",[20,99802,99803,99806],{},[15,99804,99805],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99808,99809],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[39,99811,42],{"id":41},[44,99813,99815],{"className":46,"code":99814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99816,99817,99841,99861,99879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99818,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99820,2112],{"class":59},[53,99822,64],{"class":63},[53,99824,10041],{"class":67},[53,99826,517],{"class":333},[53,99828,81],{"class":67},[53,99830,790],{"class":333},[53,99832,81],{"class":67},[53,99834,1269],{"class":333},[53,99836,81],{"class":67},[53,99838,826],{"class":333},[53,99840,8860],{"class":67},[53,99842,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99844,2140],{"class":59},[53,99846,64],{"class":63},[53,99848,10041],{"class":67},[53,99850,882],{"class":333},[53,99852,81],{"class":67},[53,99854,826],{"class":333},[53,99856,81],{"class":67},[53,99858,4162],{"class":333},[53,99860,8860],{"class":67},[53,99862,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,99864,351],{"class":59},[53,99866,64],{"class":63},[53,99868,56423],{"class":59},[53,99870,37],{"class":67},[53,99872,2370],{"class":117},[53,99874,121],{"class":67},[53,99876,704],{"class":117},[53,99878,130],{"class":67},[53,99880,99881,99883,99885,99887],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,99882,137],{"class":136},[53,99884,121],{"class":67},[53,99886,383],{"class":117},[53,99888,130],{"class":67},[20,99890,388],{},[44,99892,99894],{"className":46,"code":99893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99895,99896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99897,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99899,8829],{"class":67},[53,99901,517],{"class":333},[53,99903,81],{"class":67},[53,99905,790],{"class":333},[53,99907,8860],{"class":67},[20,99909,99910,99912,99913,99915,99916,37],{},[15,99911,99800],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99914,195],{}," that are not in ",[15,99917,704],{},[44460,99919],{},[39,99921,163,99923,166],{"id":99922},"what-difference-does",[15,99924,99800],{},[20,99926,1541,99927,99929,99930,99932],{},[15,99928,99800],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,99931,1112],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99934,12604],{},[173,99936,99937,99942,99945,99948],{},[176,99938,99939,99941],{},[15,99940,99800],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[176,99943,99944],{},"It creates a new set",[176,99946,99947],{},"It does not change the original set",[176,99949,99950],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99952,95710,99953,37],{},[195,99954,95714],{"href":96885},[44460,99956],{},[39,99958,202],{"id":201},[20,99960,99961],{},"Use this form:",[44,99963,99965],{"className":46,"code":99964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99966,99967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99968,99969,99972,99974,99976,99978,99981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99970,99971],{"class":59},"set1",[53,99973,37],{"class":67},[53,99975,2370],{"class":117},[53,99977,121],{"class":67},[53,99979,99980],{"class":117},"set2",[53,99982,130],{"class":67},[20,99984,99985],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[44,99987,99989],{"className":46,"code":99988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99990,99991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99992,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99994,99971],{"class":59},[53,99996,37],{"class":67},[53,99998,2370],{"class":117},[53,100000,121],{"class":67},[53,100002,99980],{"class":117},[53,100004,81],{"class":67},[53,100006,100007],{"class":117}," set3",[53,100009,130],{"class":67},[20,100011,100012,100013,100015],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,100014,4906],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100017,316],{},[44,100019,100021],{"className":46,"code":100020,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100022,100023,100051,100067,100079,100083,100105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100024,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100026,2112],{"class":59},[53,100028,64],{"class":63},[53,100030,10041],{"class":67},[53,100032,517],{"class":333},[53,100034,81],{"class":67},[53,100036,790],{"class":333},[53,100038,81],{"class":67},[53,100040,1269],{"class":333},[53,100042,81],{"class":67},[53,100044,826],{"class":333},[53,100046,81],{"class":67},[53,100048,4162],{"class":333},[53,100050,8860],{"class":67},[53,100052,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100054,2140],{"class":59},[53,100056,64],{"class":63},[53,100058,10041],{"class":67},[53,100060,525],{"class":333},[53,100062,81],{"class":67},[53,100064,1269],{"class":333},[53,100066,8860],{"class":67},[53,100068,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100070,82569],{"class":59},[53,100072,64],{"class":63},[53,100074,10041],{"class":67},[53,100076,1698],{"class":333},[53,100078,8860],{"class":67},[53,100080,100081],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100082,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100084,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100086,351],{"class":59},[53,100088,64],{"class":63},[53,100090,56423],{"class":59},[53,100092,37],{"class":67},[53,100094,2370],{"class":117},[53,100096,121],{"class":67},[53,100098,704],{"class":117},[53,100100,81],{"class":67},[53,100102,9233],{"class":117},[53,100104,130],{"class":67},[53,100106,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100108,137],{"class":136},[53,100110,121],{"class":67},[53,100112,383],{"class":117},[53,100114,130],{"class":67},[20,100116,388],{},[44,100118,100120],{"className":46,"code":100119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100121,100122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100123,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100125,8829],{"class":67},[53,100127,517],{"class":333},[53,100129,81],{"class":67},[53,100131,826],{"class":333},[53,100133,8860],{"class":67},[20,100135,100136,100137,100139,100140,2438,100142,37],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100138,195],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100141,704],{},[15,100143,713],{},[44460,100145],{},[39,100147,16967],{"id":16966},[20,100149,100150,100152,100153,37],{},[15,100151,99800],{}," always returns a ",[30,100154,100155],{},"new set",[20,100157,43193],{},[173,100159,100160,100163,100166],{},[176,100161,100162],{},"The return value is a new set",[176,100164,100165],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[176,100167,100168],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100170,316],{},[44,100172,100174],{"className":46,"code":100173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100175,100176,100192,100212,100216,100234,100238,100248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100177,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100179,2112],{"class":59},[53,100181,64],{"class":63},[53,100183,10041],{"class":67},[53,100185,517],{"class":333},[53,100187,81],{"class":67},[53,100189,790],{"class":333},[53,100191,8860],{"class":67},[53,100193,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100195,2140],{"class":59},[53,100197,64],{"class":63},[53,100199,10041],{"class":67},[53,100201,517],{"class":333},[53,100203,81],{"class":67},[53,100205,790],{"class":333},[53,100207,81],{"class":67},[53,100209,1269],{"class":333},[53,100211,8860],{"class":67},[53,100213,100214],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100215,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100217,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100219,351],{"class":59},[53,100221,64],{"class":63},[53,100223,56423],{"class":59},[53,100225,37],{"class":67},[53,100227,2370],{"class":117},[53,100229,121],{"class":67},[53,100231,704],{"class":117},[53,100233,130],{"class":67},[53,100235,100236],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100237,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100241,137],{"class":136},[53,100243,121],{"class":67},[53,100245,383],{"class":117},[53,100247,130],{"class":67},[53,100249,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,100251,137],{"class":136},[53,100253,121],{"class":67},[53,100255,1321],{"class":1320},[53,100257,121],{"class":67},[53,100259,383],{"class":117},[53,100261,628],{"class":67},[20,100263,388],{},[44,100265,100266],{"className":46,"code":98674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100267,100268,100274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100269,100270,100272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100271,5839],{"class":1320},[53,100273,8192],{"class":67},[53,100275,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284,100286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100277,2851],{"class":63},[53,100279,2854],{"class":1627},[53,100281,2857],{"class":71},[53,100283,5839],{"class":75},[53,100285,2862],{"class":71},[53,100287,2865],{"class":63},[20,100289,100290,100291,18510,100293,100295,100296,100298],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100292,3357],{},[15,100294,3352],{},". In Python, ",[15,100297,3352],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44460,100300],{},[39,100302,11025],{"id":11024},[20,100304,100305],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[44,100307,100309],{"className":46,"code":100308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100310,100311,100344,100377,100381,100401,100405,100415,100426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100312,100313,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100314,100315],{"class":59},"fruits_a ",[53,100317,64],{"class":63},[53,100319,10041],{"class":67},[53,100321,72],{"class":71},[53,100323,76],{"class":75},[53,100325,72],{"class":71},[53,100327,81],{"class":67},[53,100329,84],{"class":71},[53,100331,87],{"class":75},[53,100333,72],{"class":71},[53,100335,81],{"class":67},[53,100337,84],{"class":71},[53,100339,967],{"class":75},[53,100341,72],{"class":71},[53,100343,8860],{"class":67},[53,100345,100346,100349,100351,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373,100375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100347,100348],{"class":59},"fruits_b ",[53,100350,64],{"class":63},[53,100352,10041],{"class":67},[53,100354,72],{"class":71},[53,100356,87],{"class":75},[53,100358,72],{"class":71},[53,100360,81],{"class":67},[53,100362,84],{"class":71},[53,100364,967],{"class":75},[53,100366,72],{"class":71},[53,100368,81],{"class":67},[53,100370,84],{"class":71},[53,100372,22078],{"class":75},[53,100374,72],{"class":71},[53,100376,8860],{"class":67},[53,100378,100379],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100380,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100382,100383,100385,100387,100390,100392,100394,100396,100399],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100384,351],{"class":59},[53,100386,64],{"class":63},[53,100388,100389],{"class":59}," fruits_a",[53,100391,37],{"class":67},[53,100393,2370],{"class":117},[53,100395,121],{"class":67},[53,100397,100398],{"class":117},"fruits_b",[53,100400,130],{"class":67},[53,100402,100403],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100404,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100406,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100408,137],{"class":136},[53,100410,121],{"class":67},[53,100412,383],{"class":117},[53,100414,130],{"class":67},[53,100416,100417,100419,100421,100424],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,100418,137],{"class":136},[53,100420,121],{"class":67},[53,100422,100423],{"class":117},"fruits_a",[53,100425,130],{"class":67},[53,100427,100428,100430,100432,100434],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,100429,137],{"class":136},[53,100431,121],{"class":67},[53,100433,100398],{"class":117},[53,100435,130],{"class":67},[20,100437,29574],{},[44,100439,100441],{"className":46,"code":100440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100442,100443,100455,100483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100444,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100446,8829],{"class":67},[53,100448,2862],{"class":71},[53,100450,76],{"class":75},[53,100452,2862],{"class":71},[53,100454,8860],{"class":67},[53,100456,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100458,8829],{"class":67},[53,100460,2862],{"class":71},[53,100462,87],{"class":75},[53,100464,2862],{"class":71},[53,100466,81],{"class":67},[53,100468,2857],{"class":71},[53,100470,967],{"class":75},[53,100472,2862],{"class":71},[53,100474,81],{"class":67},[53,100476,2857],{"class":71},[53,100478,76],{"class":75},[53,100480,2862],{"class":71},[53,100482,8860],{"class":67},[53,100484,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100486,8829],{"class":67},[53,100488,2862],{"class":71},[53,100490,87],{"class":75},[53,100492,2862],{"class":71},[53,100494,81],{"class":67},[53,100496,2857],{"class":71},[53,100498,967],{"class":75},[53,100500,2862],{"class":71},[53,100502,81],{"class":67},[53,100504,2857],{"class":71},[53,100506,22078],{"class":75},[53,100508,2862],{"class":71},[53,100510,8860],{"class":67},[20,100512,11234],{},[173,100514,100515,100520,100525,100531],{},[176,100516,100517,100518],{},"Start with ",[15,100519,100423],{},[176,100521,100522,100523],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100524,100398],{},[176,100526,100527,100528,100530],{},"Only ",[15,100529,506],{}," remains",[176,100532,100533],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100535,100536],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44460,100538],{},[39,100540,664,100542,100544],{"id":100541},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100543,99800],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100546,100547,100548,37],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100549,99800],{},[20,100551,100552],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[44,100554,100556],{"className":46,"code":100555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100557,100558,100590,100607,100620,100637,100641,100670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100559,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100561,326],{"class":59},[53,100563,64],{"class":63},[53,100565,10041],{"class":67},[53,100567,517],{"class":333},[53,100569,81],{"class":67},[53,100571,790],{"class":333},[53,100573,81],{"class":67},[53,100575,1269],{"class":333},[53,100577,81],{"class":67},[53,100579,826],{"class":333},[53,100581,81],{"class":67},[53,100583,4162],{"class":333},[53,100585,81],{"class":67},[53,100587,37187],{"class":333},[53,100589,8860],{"class":67},[53,100591,100592,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100593,100594],{"class":59},"group_a ",[53,100596,64],{"class":63},[53,100598,10041],{"class":67},[53,100600,525],{"class":333},[53,100602,81],{"class":67},[53,100604,826],{"class":333},[53,100606,8860],{"class":67},[53,100608,100609,100612,100614,100616,100618],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100610,100611],{"class":59},"group_b ",[53,100613,64],{"class":63},[53,100615,10041],{"class":67},[53,100617,1698],{"class":333},[53,100619,8860],{"class":67},[53,100621,100622,100625,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100623,100624],{"class":59},"group_c ",[53,100626,64],{"class":63},[53,100628,10041],{"class":67},[53,100630,79977],{"class":333},[53,100632,81],{"class":67},[53,100634,5545],{"class":333},[53,100636,8860],{"class":67},[53,100638,100639],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100640,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100642,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100658,100660,100663,100665,100668],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100644,351],{"class":59},[53,100646,64],{"class":63},[53,100648,356],{"class":59},[53,100650,37],{"class":67},[53,100652,2370],{"class":117},[53,100654,121],{"class":67},[53,100656,100657],{"class":117},"group_a",[53,100659,81],{"class":67},[53,100661,100662],{"class":117}," group_b",[53,100664,81],{"class":67},[53,100666,100667],{"class":117}," group_c",[53,100669,130],{"class":67},[53,100671,100672,100674,100676,100678],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,100673,137],{"class":136},[53,100675,121],{"class":67},[53,100677,383],{"class":117},[53,100679,130],{"class":67},[20,100681,388],{},[44,100683,100685],{"className":46,"code":100684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100686,100687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100688,100689,100691,100693,100695,100697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100690,8829],{"class":67},[53,100692,517],{"class":333},[53,100694,81],{"class":67},[53,100696,1269],{"class":333},[53,100698,8860],{"class":67},[20,100700,100701],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44460,100703],{},[39,100705,100707,10136,100709],{"id":100706},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100708,99800],{},[15,100710,100711],{},"difference_update()",[20,100713,100714],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1418,100716,100717],{"id":2370},[15,100718,99800],{},[173,100720,100721,100724],{},[176,100722,100723],{},"Returns a new set",[176,100725,100726],{},"Does not change the original set",[44,100728,100730],{"className":46,"code":100729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100731,100732,100756,100772,100776,100794,100798,100808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100733,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100735,2112],{"class":59},[53,100737,64],{"class":63},[53,100739,10041],{"class":67},[53,100741,517],{"class":333},[53,100743,81],{"class":67},[53,100745,790],{"class":333},[53,100747,81],{"class":67},[53,100749,1269],{"class":333},[53,100751,81],{"class":67},[53,100753,826],{"class":333},[53,100755,8860],{"class":67},[53,100757,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100759,2140],{"class":59},[53,100761,64],{"class":63},[53,100763,10041],{"class":67},[53,100765,882],{"class":333},[53,100767,81],{"class":67},[53,100769,826],{"class":333},[53,100771,8860],{"class":67},[53,100773,100774],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100775,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100777,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100779,351],{"class":59},[53,100781,64],{"class":63},[53,100783,56423],{"class":59},[53,100785,37],{"class":67},[53,100787,2370],{"class":117},[53,100789,121],{"class":67},[53,100791,704],{"class":117},[53,100793,130],{"class":67},[53,100795,100796],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100797,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100799,100800,100802,100804,100806],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100801,137],{"class":136},[53,100803,121],{"class":67},[53,100805,383],{"class":117},[53,100807,130],{"class":67},[53,100809,100810,100812,100814,100816],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,100811,137],{"class":136},[53,100813,121],{"class":67},[53,100815,195],{"class":117},[53,100817,130],{"class":67},[20,100819,388],{},[44,100821,100823],{"className":46,"code":100822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100824,100825,100837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100826,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100828,8829],{"class":67},[53,100830,517],{"class":333},[53,100832,81],{"class":67},[53,100834,790],{"class":333},[53,100836,8860],{"class":67},[53,100838,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100840,8829],{"class":67},[53,100842,517],{"class":333},[53,100844,81],{"class":67},[53,100846,790],{"class":333},[53,100848,81],{"class":67},[53,100850,1269],{"class":333},[53,100852,81],{"class":67},[53,100854,826],{"class":333},[53,100856,8860],{"class":67},[1418,100858,100860],{"id":100859},"difference_update",[15,100861,100711],{},[173,100863,100864,100867],{},[176,100865,100866],{},"Changes the original set",[176,100868,95704],{},[44,100870,100872],{"className":46,"code":100871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100873,100874,100898,100914,100918,100932,100936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100875,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100877,2112],{"class":59},[53,100879,64],{"class":63},[53,100881,10041],{"class":67},[53,100883,517],{"class":333},[53,100885,81],{"class":67},[53,100887,790],{"class":333},[53,100889,81],{"class":67},[53,100891,1269],{"class":333},[53,100893,81],{"class":67},[53,100895,826],{"class":333},[53,100897,8860],{"class":67},[53,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100901,2140],{"class":59},[53,100903,64],{"class":63},[53,100905,10041],{"class":67},[53,100907,882],{"class":333},[53,100909,81],{"class":67},[53,100911,826],{"class":333},[53,100913,8860],{"class":67},[53,100915,100916],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,100917,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100919,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,100921,195],{"class":59},[53,100923,37],{"class":67},[53,100925,100859],{"class":117},[53,100927,121],{"class":67},[53,100929,704],{"class":117},[53,100931,130],{"class":67},[53,100933,100934],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,100935,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,100937,100938,100940,100942,100944],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,100939,137],{"class":136},[53,100941,121],{"class":67},[53,100943,195],{"class":117},[53,100945,130],{"class":67},[20,100947,388],{},[44,100949,100950],{"className":46,"code":99893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100951,100952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100955,8829],{"class":67},[53,100957,517],{"class":333},[53,100959,81],{"class":67},[53,100961,790],{"class":333},[53,100963,8860],{"class":67},[20,100965,152,100966,100968],{},[15,100967,99800],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100970,100971,100972,33145],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100973,100711],{},[44460,100975],{},[39,100977,100979,100981,100982,100984],{"id":100978},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100980,99800],{}," vs the ",[15,100983,1585],{}," operator",[20,100986,1541,100987,100989,100990,100992],{},[15,100988,1585],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100991,99800],{}," for two sets.",[44,100994,100996],{"className":46,"code":100995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100997,100998,101022,101038,101042,101060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100999,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101001,2112],{"class":59},[53,101003,64],{"class":63},[53,101005,10041],{"class":67},[53,101007,517],{"class":333},[53,101009,81],{"class":67},[53,101011,790],{"class":333},[53,101013,81],{"class":67},[53,101015,1269],{"class":333},[53,101017,81],{"class":67},[53,101019,826],{"class":333},[53,101021,8860],{"class":67},[53,101023,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101025,2140],{"class":59},[53,101027,64],{"class":63},[53,101029,10041],{"class":67},[53,101031,882],{"class":333},[53,101033,81],{"class":67},[53,101035,826],{"class":333},[53,101037,8860],{"class":67},[53,101039,101040],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101041,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101043,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101045,137],{"class":136},[53,101047,121],{"class":67},[53,101049,195],{"class":117},[53,101051,37],{"class":67},[53,101053,2370],{"class":117},[53,101055,121],{"class":67},[53,101057,704],{"class":117},[53,101059,628],{"class":67},[53,101061,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101063,137],{"class":136},[53,101065,121],{"class":67},[53,101067,2112],{"class":117},[53,101069,1585],{"class":63},[53,101071,2117],{"class":117},[53,101073,130],{"class":67},[20,101075,388],{},[44,101077,101079],{"className":46,"code":101078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101080,101081,101093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101082,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101084,8829],{"class":67},[53,101086,517],{"class":333},[53,101088,81],{"class":67},[53,101090,790],{"class":333},[53,101092,8860],{"class":67},[53,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101096,8829],{"class":67},[53,101098,517],{"class":333},[53,101100,81],{"class":67},[53,101102,790],{"class":333},[53,101104,8860],{"class":67},[20,101106,101107],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101109,93974,101110,1459],{},[15,101111,99800],{},[173,101113,101114,101117,101120],{},[176,101115,101116],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[176,101118,101119],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[176,101121,101122],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101124,101125],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[44,101127,101129],{"className":46,"code":101128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101130,101131,101159,101171,101183,101187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101132,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101134,2112],{"class":59},[53,101136,64],{"class":63},[53,101138,10041],{"class":67},[53,101140,517],{"class":333},[53,101142,81],{"class":67},[53,101144,790],{"class":333},[53,101146,81],{"class":67},[53,101148,1269],{"class":333},[53,101150,81],{"class":67},[53,101152,826],{"class":333},[53,101154,81],{"class":67},[53,101156,4162],{"class":333},[53,101158,8860],{"class":67},[53,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101162,2140],{"class":59},[53,101164,64],{"class":63},[53,101166,10041],{"class":67},[53,101168,525],{"class":333},[53,101170,8860],{"class":67},[53,101172,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101174,82569],{"class":59},[53,101176,64],{"class":63},[53,101178,10041],{"class":67},[53,101180,2062],{"class":333},[53,101182,8860],{"class":67},[53,101184,101185],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101186,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101188,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101190,137],{"class":136},[53,101192,121],{"class":67},[53,101194,195],{"class":117},[53,101196,37],{"class":67},[53,101198,2370],{"class":117},[53,101200,121],{"class":67},[53,101202,704],{"class":117},[53,101204,81],{"class":67},[53,101206,9233],{"class":117},[53,101208,628],{"class":67},[20,101210,388],{},[44,101212,101214],{"className":46,"code":101213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101215,101216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101217,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101219,8829],{"class":67},[53,101221,517],{"class":333},[53,101223,81],{"class":67},[53,101225,1269],{"class":333},[53,101227,81],{"class":67},[53,101229,4162],{"class":333},[53,101231,8860],{"class":67},[20,101233,101234,101235,101237],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101236,1585],{}," operator expression.",[44460,101239],{},[39,101241,1129],{"id":1128},[20,101243,1132,101244,37],{},[15,101245,99800],{},[1418,101247,101249],{"id":101248},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101251,4185,101252,101254,101255,171],{},[30,101253,1112],{}," change ",[15,101256,195],{},[44,101258,101260],{"className":46,"code":101259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101261,101262,101282,101294,101298,101312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101263,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101265,2112],{"class":59},[53,101267,64],{"class":63},[53,101269,10041],{"class":67},[53,101271,517],{"class":333},[53,101273,81],{"class":67},[53,101275,790],{"class":333},[53,101277,81],{"class":67},[53,101279,1269],{"class":333},[53,101281,8860],{"class":67},[53,101283,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101285,2140],{"class":59},[53,101287,64],{"class":63},[53,101289,10041],{"class":67},[53,101291,882],{"class":333},[53,101293,8860],{"class":67},[53,101295,101296],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101297,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101301,195],{"class":59},[53,101303,37],{"class":67},[53,101305,2370],{"class":117},[53,101307,121],{"class":67},[53,101309,704],{"class":117},[53,101311,130],{"class":67},[53,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101315,137],{"class":136},[53,101317,121],{"class":67},[53,101319,195],{"class":117},[53,101321,130],{"class":67},[20,101323,388],{},[44,101325,101326],{"className":46,"code":95993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101327,101328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101331,8829],{"class":67},[53,101333,517],{"class":333},[53,101335,81],{"class":67},[53,101337,790],{"class":333},[53,101339,81],{"class":67},[53,101341,1269],{"class":333},[53,101343,8860],{"class":67},[20,101345,101346],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[44,101348,101350],{"className":46,"code":101349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101351,101352,101372,101384,101388,101406],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101353,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101355,2112],{"class":59},[53,101357,64],{"class":63},[53,101359,10041],{"class":67},[53,101361,517],{"class":333},[53,101363,81],{"class":67},[53,101365,790],{"class":333},[53,101367,81],{"class":67},[53,101369,1269],{"class":333},[53,101371,8860],{"class":67},[53,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101375,2140],{"class":59},[53,101377,64],{"class":63},[53,101379,10041],{"class":67},[53,101381,882],{"class":333},[53,101383,8860],{"class":67},[53,101385,101386],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101387,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101391,2112],{"class":59},[53,101393,64],{"class":63},[53,101395,56423],{"class":59},[53,101397,37],{"class":67},[53,101399,2370],{"class":117},[53,101401,121],{"class":67},[53,101403,704],{"class":117},[53,101405,130],{"class":67},[53,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101409,137],{"class":136},[53,101411,121],{"class":67},[53,101413,195],{"class":117},[53,101415,130],{"class":67},[20,101417,388],{},[44,101419,101420],{"className":46,"code":99893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101421,101422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101425,8829],{"class":67},[53,101427,517],{"class":333},[53,101429,81],{"class":67},[53,101431,790],{"class":333},[53,101433,8860],{"class":67},[1418,101435,101437],{"id":101436},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101439,101440,101443],{},[15,101441,101442],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[173,101445,101446,101451],{},[176,101447,101448,101449],{},"keep items from ",[15,101450,195],{},[176,101452,101453,101454],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101455,704],{},[20,101457,40447,101458,101460,101461,101463],{},[30,101459,1112],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101462,704],{},"”.",[20,101465,316],{},[44,101467,101469],{"className":46,"code":101468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101470,101471,101491,101511,101515,101533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101472,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101474,2112],{"class":59},[53,101476,64],{"class":63},[53,101478,10041],{"class":67},[53,101480,517],{"class":333},[53,101482,81],{"class":67},[53,101484,790],{"class":333},[53,101486,81],{"class":67},[53,101488,1269],{"class":333},[53,101490,8860],{"class":67},[53,101492,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101494,2140],{"class":59},[53,101496,64],{"class":63},[53,101498,10041],{"class":67},[53,101500,882],{"class":333},[53,101502,81],{"class":67},[53,101504,826],{"class":333},[53,101506,81],{"class":67},[53,101508,4162],{"class":333},[53,101510,8860],{"class":67},[53,101512,101513],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101514,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101516,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101518,137],{"class":136},[53,101520,121],{"class":67},[53,101522,195],{"class":117},[53,101524,37],{"class":67},[53,101526,2370],{"class":117},[53,101528,121],{"class":67},[53,101530,704],{"class":117},[53,101532,628],{"class":67},[53,101534,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101536,137],{"class":136},[53,101538,121],{"class":67},[53,101540,704],{"class":117},[53,101542,37],{"class":67},[53,101544,2370],{"class":117},[53,101546,121],{"class":67},[53,101548,195],{"class":117},[53,101550,628],{"class":67},[20,101552,388],{},[44,101554,101556],{"className":46,"code":101555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101557,101558,101570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101561,8829],{"class":67},[53,101563,517],{"class":333},[53,101565,81],{"class":67},[53,101567,790],{"class":333},[53,101569,8860],{"class":67},[53,101571,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101573,8829],{"class":67},[53,101575,2062],{"class":333},[53,101577,81],{"class":67},[53,101579,4162],{"class":333},[53,101581,8860],{"class":67},[20,101583,101584],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1418,101586,101588],{"id":101587},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101590,101591,101593],{},[15,101592,99800],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101595,54855],{},[44,101597,101599],{"className":46,"code":101598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101600,101601,101621,101637,101641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101602,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101604,2112],{"class":59},[53,101606,64],{"class":63},[53,101608,68],{"class":67},[53,101610,517],{"class":333},[53,101612,81],{"class":67},[53,101614,790],{"class":333},[53,101616,81],{"class":67},[53,101618,1269],{"class":333},[53,101620,101],{"class":67},[53,101622,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101624,2140],{"class":59},[53,101626,64],{"class":63},[53,101628,68],{"class":67},[53,101630,882],{"class":333},[53,101632,81],{"class":67},[53,101634,826],{"class":333},[53,101636,101],{"class":67},[53,101638,101639],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101640,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101642,101643],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101644,101645],{"class":148},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101647,101648],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[44,101650,101652],{"className":46,"code":101651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101653,101654,101674,101690,101694,101720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101655,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101657,2112],{"class":59},[53,101659,64],{"class":63},[53,101661,68],{"class":67},[53,101663,517],{"class":333},[53,101665,81],{"class":67},[53,101667,790],{"class":333},[53,101669,81],{"class":67},[53,101671,1269],{"class":333},[53,101673,101],{"class":67},[53,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101677,2140],{"class":59},[53,101679,64],{"class":63},[53,101681,68],{"class":67},[53,101683,882],{"class":333},[53,101685,81],{"class":67},[53,101687,826],{"class":333},[53,101689,101],{"class":67},[53,101691,101692],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101693,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101695,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101697,351],{"class":59},[53,101699,64],{"class":63},[53,101701,15185],{"class":1320},[53,101703,121],{"class":67},[53,101705,195],{"class":117},[53,101707,8180],{"class":67},[53,101709,2370],{"class":117},[53,101711,121],{"class":67},[53,101713,5839],{"class":1320},[53,101715,121],{"class":67},[53,101717,704],{"class":117},[53,101719,628],{"class":67},[53,101721,101722,101724,101726,101728],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101723,137],{"class":136},[53,101725,121],{"class":67},[53,101727,383],{"class":117},[53,101729,130],{"class":67},[20,101731,388],{},[44,101733,101734],{"className":46,"code":99893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101735,101736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101739,8829],{"class":67},[53,101741,517],{"class":333},[53,101743,81],{"class":67},[53,101745,790],{"class":333},[53,101747,8860],{"class":67},[1418,101749,101751],{"id":101750},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101753,101754],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[44,101756,101758],{"className":46,"code":101757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101759,101760,101792,101808,101812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101763,2112],{"class":59},[53,101765,64],{"class":63},[53,101767,10041],{"class":67},[53,101769,72],{"class":71},[53,101771,36590],{"class":75},[53,101773,72],{"class":71},[53,101775,81],{"class":67},[53,101777,84],{"class":71},[53,101779,57661],{"class":75},[53,101781,72],{"class":71},[53,101783,81],{"class":67},[53,101785,84],{"class":71},[53,101787,57678],{"class":75},[53,101789,72],{"class":71},[53,101791,8860],{"class":67},[53,101793,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101795,2140],{"class":59},[53,101797,64],{"class":63},[53,101799,10041],{"class":67},[53,101801,72],{"class":71},[53,101803,57661],{"class":75},[53,101805,72],{"class":71},[53,101807,8860],{"class":67},[53,101809,101810],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101811,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101813,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101815,137],{"class":136},[53,101817,121],{"class":67},[53,101819,195],{"class":117},[53,101821,37],{"class":67},[53,101823,2370],{"class":117},[53,101825,121],{"class":67},[53,101827,704],{"class":117},[53,101829,628],{"class":67},[20,101831,101832],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1418,101834,101836],{"id":101835},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101838,101839],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[44,101841,101843],{"className":46,"code":101842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101844,101845,101873,101885,101889,101899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101846,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101848,2112],{"class":59},[53,101850,64],{"class":63},[53,101852,10041],{"class":67},[53,101854,517],{"class":333},[53,101856,81],{"class":67},[53,101858,821],{"class":333},[53,101860,81],{"class":67},[53,101862,790],{"class":333},[53,101864,81],{"class":67},[53,101866,790],{"class":333},[53,101868,81],{"class":67},[53,101870,1269],{"class":333},[53,101872,8860],{"class":67},[53,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101876,2140],{"class":59},[53,101878,64],{"class":63},[53,101880,10041],{"class":67},[53,101882,882],{"class":333},[53,101884,8860],{"class":67},[53,101886,101887],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,101888,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,101890,101891,101893,101895,101897],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,101892,137],{"class":136},[53,101894,121],{"class":67},[53,101896,195],{"class":117},[53,101898,130],{"class":67},[53,101900,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,101902,137],{"class":136},[53,101904,121],{"class":67},[53,101906,195],{"class":117},[53,101908,37],{"class":67},[53,101910,2370],{"class":117},[53,101912,121],{"class":67},[53,101914,704],{"class":117},[53,101916,628],{"class":67},[20,101918,388],{},[44,101920,101922],{"className":46,"code":101921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101923,101924,101940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101927,8829],{"class":67},[53,101929,517],{"class":333},[53,101931,81],{"class":67},[53,101933,790],{"class":333},[53,101935,81],{"class":67},[53,101937,1269],{"class":333},[53,101939,8860],{"class":67},[53,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101943,8829],{"class":67},[53,101945,517],{"class":333},[53,101947,81],{"class":67},[53,101949,790],{"class":333},[53,101951,8860],{"class":67},[20,101953,101954,101955,101957],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101956,99800],{}," runs.",[1418,101959,101961],{"id":101960},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101963,101964],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[44,101966,101968],{"className":46,"code":101967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101969,101970,101994,102014,102018,102028,102038,102056,102078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101973,2112],{"class":59},[53,101975,64],{"class":63},[53,101977,10041],{"class":67},[53,101979,517],{"class":333},[53,101981,81],{"class":67},[53,101983,790],{"class":333},[53,101985,81],{"class":67},[53,101987,1269],{"class":333},[53,101989,81],{"class":67},[53,101991,826],{"class":333},[53,101993,8860],{"class":67},[53,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101997,2140],{"class":59},[53,101999,64],{"class":63},[53,102001,10041],{"class":67},[53,102003,882],{"class":333},[53,102005,81],{"class":67},[53,102007,826],{"class":333},[53,102009,81],{"class":67},[53,102011,4162],{"class":333},[53,102013,8860],{"class":67},[53,102015,102016],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102017,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,102021,137],{"class":136},[53,102023,121],{"class":67},[53,102025,195],{"class":117},[53,102027,130],{"class":67},[53,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,102031,137],{"class":136},[53,102033,121],{"class":67},[53,102035,704],{"class":117},[53,102037,130],{"class":67},[53,102039,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,102041,137],{"class":136},[53,102043,121],{"class":67},[53,102045,195],{"class":117},[53,102047,37],{"class":67},[53,102049,2370],{"class":117},[53,102051,121],{"class":67},[53,102053,704],{"class":117},[53,102055,628],{"class":67},[53,102057,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,102059,137],{"class":136},[53,102061,121],{"class":67},[53,102063,1321],{"class":1320},[53,102065,121],{"class":67},[53,102067,195],{"class":117},[53,102069,37],{"class":67},[53,102071,2370],{"class":117},[53,102073,121],{"class":67},[53,102075,704],{"class":117},[53,102077,2472],{"class":67},[53,102079,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,102081,137],{"class":136},[53,102083,121],{"class":67},[53,102085,10711],{"class":136},[53,102087,121],{"class":67},[53,102089,195],{"class":117},[53,102091,37],{"class":67},[53,102093,2370],{"class":117},[53,102095,121],{"class":67},[53,102097,704],{"class":117},[53,102099,2472],{"class":67},[20,102101,10720],{},[173,102103,102104,102107,102110,102113],{},[176,102105,102106],{},"what is in each set",[176,102108,102109],{},"what result Python creates",[176,102111,102112],{},"that the result is a set",[176,102114,102115],{},"how many items remain",[44460,102117],{},[39,102119,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,102121,1431,102123,102125],{"id":102122},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102124,99800],{}," change the original set?",[20,102127,102128],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1418,102130,4731,102132,667,102134,1459],{"id":102131},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102133,99800],{},[15,102135,100711],{},[20,102137,102138,102140,102141,102143],{},[15,102139,99800],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102142,100711],{}," modifies the original set.",[1418,102145,27872,102147,102149],{"id":102146},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102148,99800],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102151,102152],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1418,102154,102156],{"id":102155},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102158,102159],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44460,102161],{},[39,102163,1471],{"id":1470},[173,102165,102166,102170,102178],{},[176,102167,102168],{},[195,102169,95714],{"href":96885},[176,102171,102172],{},[195,102173,96200,102175,660],{"href":102174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102176,102177],{},"intersection()",[176,102179,102180],{},[195,102181,96200,102183,660],{"href":102182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102184,102185],{},"union()",[1494,102187,102188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":102190},[102191,102192,102194,102195,102196,102197,102199,102204,102206,102214,102223],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":99922,"depth":104,"text":102193},"What difference() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":100541,"depth":104,"text":102198},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100706,"depth":104,"text":102200,"children":102201},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102202,102203],{"id":2370,"depth":133,"text":99800},{"id":100859,"depth":133,"text":100711},{"id":100978,"depth":104,"text":102205},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":102207},[102208,102209,102210,102211,102212,102213],{"id":101248,"depth":133,"text":101249},{"id":101436,"depth":133,"text":101437},{"id":101587,"depth":133,"text":101588},{"id":101750,"depth":133,"text":101751},{"id":101835,"depth":133,"text":101836},{"id":101960,"depth":133,"text":101961},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":102215},[102216,102218,102220,102222],{"id":102122,"depth":133,"text":102217},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102131,"depth":133,"text":102219},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102146,"depth":133,"text":102221},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102155,"depth":133,"text":102156},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99792,"description":102224},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102231,"title":102232,"body":102233,"description":103928,"extension":1524,"meta":103929,"navigation":372,"path":103930,"seo":103931,"stem":103932,"__hash__":103933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102234,"toc":103890},[102235,102241,102247,102260,102262,102363,102365,102410,102415,102420,102424,102438,102441,102449,102451,102470,102488,102492,102545,102547,102568,102575,102580,102607,102614,102713,102715,102752,102760,102764,102770,102773,102846,102848,102856,102861,102930,102932,102957,102959,102962,103065,103067,103128,103131,103135,103141,103214,103216,103249,103252,103255,103295,103301,103324,103329,103333,103344,103347,103349,103353,103359,103361,103418,103428,103430,103483,103490,103495,103563,103571,103577,103581,103583,103622,103627,103676,103680,103683,103685,103724,103727,103729,103734,103791,103793,103807,103809,103813,103819,103824,103829,103836,103847,103853,103858,103860,103887],[10,102236,95586,102238,18],{"id":102237},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102239,102240],{},"discard()",[20,102242,102243,102246],{},[15,102244,102245],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102248,102249,102250,891,102255,13604,102257,102259],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[195,102251,102252],{"href":97595},[15,102253,102254],{},"set.remove()",[15,102256,102240],{},[30,102258,1112],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[39,102261,1566],{"id":1565},[44,102263,102265],{"className":46,"code":102264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102266,102267,102299,102318,102328,102332,102353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102268,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102270,561],{"class":59},[53,102272,64],{"class":63},[53,102274,10041],{"class":67},[53,102276,72],{"class":71},[53,102278,570],{"class":75},[53,102280,72],{"class":71},[53,102282,81],{"class":67},[53,102284,84],{"class":71},[53,102286,579],{"class":75},[53,102288,72],{"class":71},[53,102290,81],{"class":67},[53,102292,84],{"class":71},[53,102294,596],{"class":75},[53,102296,72],{"class":71},[53,102298,8860],{"class":67},[53,102300,102301,102303,102305,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102302,613],{"class":59},[53,102304,37],{"class":67},[53,102306,102307],{"class":117},"discard",[53,102309,121],{"class":67},[53,102311,72],{"class":71},[53,102313,579],{"class":75},[53,102315,72],{"class":71},[53,102317,130],{"class":67},[53,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102321,137],{"class":136},[53,102323,121],{"class":67},[53,102325,613],{"class":117},[53,102327,130],{"class":67},[53,102329,102330],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,102331,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,102335,613],{"class":59},[53,102337,37],{"class":67},[53,102339,102307],{"class":117},[53,102341,121],{"class":67},[53,102343,72],{"class":71},[53,102345,22069],{"class":75},[53,102347,72],{"class":71},[53,102349,145],{"class":67},[53,102351,102352],{"class":148},"  # no error if missing\n",[53,102354,102355,102357,102359,102361],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,102356,137],{"class":136},[53,102358,121],{"class":67},[53,102360,613],{"class":117},[53,102362,130],{"class":67},[20,102364,29574],{},[44,102366,102368],{"className":46,"code":102367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102369,102370,102390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102371,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102373,8829],{"class":67},[53,102375,2862],{"class":71},[53,102377,570],{"class":75},[53,102379,2862],{"class":71},[53,102381,81],{"class":67},[53,102383,2857],{"class":71},[53,102385,596],{"class":75},[53,102387,2862],{"class":71},[53,102389,8860],{"class":67},[53,102391,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102393,8829],{"class":67},[53,102395,2862],{"class":71},[53,102397,570],{"class":75},[53,102399,2862],{"class":71},[53,102401,81],{"class":67},[53,102403,2857],{"class":71},[53,102405,596],{"class":75},[53,102407,2862],{"class":71},[53,102409,8860],{"class":67},[20,102411,152,102412,102414],{},[15,102413,102240],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[39,102416,163,102418,166],{"id":102417},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102419,102245],{},[20,102421,102422,171],{},[15,102423,102240],{},[173,102425,102426,102429,102432,102434],{},[176,102427,102428],{},"Removes one item from a set",[176,102430,102431],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[176,102433,95701],{},[176,102435,10973,102436],{},[15,102437,3338],{},[20,102439,102440],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102442,95710,102443,2438,102446,37],{},[195,102444,102445],{"href":98177},"what a set is in Python",[195,102447,102448],{"href":97269},"how to create a set",[39,102450,202],{"id":201},[44,102452,102454],{"className":46,"code":102453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102455,102456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102457,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102459,15218],{"class":59},[53,102461,37],{"class":67},[53,102463,102307],{"class":117},[53,102465,121],{"class":67},[53,102467,224],{"class":117},[53,102469,130],{"class":67},[173,102471,102472,102477,102482,102485],{},[176,102473,102474,102476],{},[15,102475,15218],{}," is the set you want to change",[176,102478,102479,102481],{},[15,102480,224],{}," is the item you want to remove",[176,102483,102484],{},"The set must already exist",[176,102486,102487],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1418,102489,102491],{"id":102490},"example","Example",[44,102493,102495],{"className":46,"code":102494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102496,102497,102521,102535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102500,326],{"class":59},[53,102502,64],{"class":63},[53,102504,10041],{"class":67},[53,102506,517],{"class":333},[53,102508,81],{"class":67},[53,102510,790],{"class":333},[53,102512,81],{"class":67},[53,102514,1269],{"class":333},[53,102516,81],{"class":67},[53,102518,826],{"class":333},[53,102520,8860],{"class":67},[53,102522,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102524,3209],{"class":59},[53,102526,37],{"class":67},[53,102528,102307],{"class":117},[53,102530,121],{"class":67},[53,102532,882],{"class":333},[53,102534,130],{"class":67},[53,102536,102537,102539,102541,102543],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102538,137],{"class":136},[53,102540,121],{"class":67},[53,102542,3209],{"class":117},[53,102544,130],{"class":67},[20,102546,388],{},[44,102548,102550],{"className":46,"code":102549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102551,102552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102553,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102555,8829],{"class":67},[53,102557,517],{"class":333},[53,102559,81],{"class":67},[53,102561,790],{"class":333},[53,102563,81],{"class":67},[53,102565,826],{"class":333},[53,102567,8860],{"class":67},[39,102569,102571,102572,102574],{"id":102570},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102573,102240],{}," different",[20,102576,102577,102579],{},[15,102578,102240],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[173,102581,102582,102595,102604],{},[176,102583,102584,102585,891,102589,102591,102592,102594],{},"Unlike ",[195,102586,102587],{"href":97595},[15,102588,55064],{},[15,102590,102240],{}," does not raise ",[15,102593,19234],{}," when the item is missing",[176,102596,102584,102597,891,102601,102603],{},[195,102598,102599],{"href":97600},[15,102600,12314],{},[15,102602,102240],{}," removes a specific item",[176,102605,102606],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1418,102608,102610,10136,102612],{"id":102609},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102611,102240],{},[15,102613,55064],{},[44,102615,102617],{"className":46,"code":102616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102618,102619,102643,102647,102668,102678,102682,102703],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102620,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102622,60],{"class":59},[53,102624,64],{"class":63},[53,102626,10041],{"class":67},[53,102628,72],{"class":71},[53,102630,76],{"class":75},[53,102632,72],{"class":71},[53,102634,81],{"class":67},[53,102636,84],{"class":71},[53,102638,87],{"class":75},[53,102640,72],{"class":71},[53,102642,8860],{"class":67},[53,102644,102645],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102646,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102648,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102650,956],{"class":59},[53,102652,37],{"class":67},[53,102654,102307],{"class":117},[53,102656,121],{"class":67},[53,102658,72],{"class":71},[53,102660,967],{"class":75},[53,102662,72],{"class":71},[53,102664,145],{"class":67},[53,102666,102667],{"class":148},"   # no error\n",[53,102669,102670,102672,102674,102676],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,102671,137],{"class":136},[53,102673,121],{"class":67},[53,102675,956],{"class":117},[53,102677,130],{"class":67},[53,102679,102680],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,102681,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102683,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,102685,956],{"class":59},[53,102687,37],{"class":67},[53,102689,34340],{"class":117},[53,102691,121],{"class":67},[53,102693,72],{"class":71},[53,102695,87],{"class":75},[53,102697,72],{"class":71},[53,102699,145],{"class":67},[53,102701,102702],{"class":148},"    # removes existing item\n",[53,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,102706,137],{"class":136},[53,102708,121],{"class":67},[53,102710,956],{"class":117},[53,102712,130],{"class":67},[20,102714,388],{},[44,102716,102718],{"className":46,"code":102717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102719,102720,102740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102721,102722,102724,102726,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102723,8829],{"class":67},[53,102725,2862],{"class":71},[53,102727,76],{"class":75},[53,102729,2862],{"class":71},[53,102731,81],{"class":67},[53,102733,2857],{"class":71},[53,102735,87],{"class":75},[53,102737,2862],{"class":71},[53,102739,8860],{"class":67},[53,102741,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102743,8829],{"class":67},[53,102745,2862],{"class":71},[53,102747,76],{"class":75},[53,102749,2862],{"class":71},[53,102751,8860],{"class":67},[20,102753,39885,102754,102756,102757,102759],{},[15,102755,55064],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[195,102758,10625],{"href":10624}," for more help with that case.",[39,102761,102763],{"id":102762},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102765,102766,532,102768,37],{},[15,102767,102240],{},[15,102769,3338],{},[20,102771,102772],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[44,102774,102776],{"className":46,"code":102775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102777,102778,102810,102832,102836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102779,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102781,561],{"class":59},[53,102783,64],{"class":63},[53,102785,10041],{"class":67},[53,102787,72],{"class":71},[53,102789,570],{"class":75},[53,102791,72],{"class":71},[53,102793,81],{"class":67},[53,102795,84],{"class":71},[53,102797,579],{"class":75},[53,102799,72],{"class":71},[53,102801,81],{"class":67},[53,102803,84],{"class":71},[53,102805,596],{"class":75},[53,102807,72],{"class":71},[53,102809,8860],{"class":67},[53,102811,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102813,351],{"class":59},[53,102815,64],{"class":63},[53,102817,12673],{"class":59},[53,102819,37],{"class":67},[53,102821,102307],{"class":117},[53,102823,121],{"class":67},[53,102825,72],{"class":71},[53,102827,579],{"class":75},[53,102829,72],{"class":71},[53,102831,130],{"class":67},[53,102833,102834],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102835,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102837,102838,102840,102842,102844],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,102839,137],{"class":136},[53,102841,121],{"class":67},[53,102843,383],{"class":117},[53,102845,130],{"class":67},[20,102847,388],{},[44,102849,102850],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,102851,102852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102853,102854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102855,11359],{"class":3413},[20,102857,102858,102859,171],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102860,613],{},[44,102862,102864],{"className":46,"code":102863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102865,102866,102898,102916,102920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102867,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102869,561],{"class":59},[53,102871,64],{"class":63},[53,102873,10041],{"class":67},[53,102875,72],{"class":71},[53,102877,570],{"class":75},[53,102879,72],{"class":71},[53,102881,81],{"class":67},[53,102883,84],{"class":71},[53,102885,579],{"class":75},[53,102887,72],{"class":71},[53,102889,81],{"class":67},[53,102891,84],{"class":71},[53,102893,596],{"class":75},[53,102895,72],{"class":71},[53,102897,8860],{"class":67},[53,102899,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102901,613],{"class":59},[53,102903,37],{"class":67},[53,102905,102307],{"class":117},[53,102907,121],{"class":67},[53,102909,72],{"class":71},[53,102911,579],{"class":75},[53,102913,72],{"class":71},[53,102915,130],{"class":67},[53,102917,102918],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,102919,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,102921,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,102923,137],{"class":136},[53,102925,121],{"class":67},[53,102927,613],{"class":117},[53,102929,130],{"class":67},[20,102931,388],{},[44,102933,102935],{"className":46,"code":102934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102936,102937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102938,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102940,8829],{"class":67},[53,102942,2862],{"class":71},[53,102944,570],{"class":75},[53,102946,2862],{"class":71},[53,102948,81],{"class":67},[53,102950,2857],{"class":71},[53,102952,596],{"class":75},[53,102954,2862],{"class":71},[53,102956,8860],{"class":67},[39,102958,11025],{"id":11024},[20,102960,102961],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[44,102963,102965],{"className":46,"code":102964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102966,102967,102999,103003,103021,103025,103043,103047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102968,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102970,420],{"class":59},[53,102972,64],{"class":63},[53,102974,10041],{"class":67},[53,102976,72],{"class":71},[53,102978,76],{"class":75},[53,102980,72],{"class":71},[53,102982,81],{"class":67},[53,102984,84],{"class":71},[53,102986,87],{"class":75},[53,102988,72],{"class":71},[53,102990,81],{"class":67},[53,102992,84],{"class":71},[53,102994,967],{"class":75},[53,102996,72],{"class":71},[53,102998,8860],{"class":67},[53,103000,103001],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103002,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103004,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103006,137],{"class":136},[53,103008,121],{"class":67},[53,103010,72],{"class":71},[53,103012,11114],{"class":75},[53,103014,72],{"class":71},[53,103016,81],{"class":67},[53,103018,457],{"class":117},[53,103020,130],{"class":67},[53,103022,103023],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,103024,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103026,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,103028,35833],{"class":59},[53,103030,37],{"class":67},[53,103032,102307],{"class":117},[53,103034,121],{"class":67},[53,103036,72],{"class":71},[53,103038,87],{"class":75},[53,103040,72],{"class":71},[53,103042,130],{"class":67},[53,103044,103045],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,103046,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,103050,137],{"class":136},[53,103052,121],{"class":67},[53,103054,72],{"class":71},[53,103056,11154],{"class":75},[53,103058,72],{"class":71},[53,103060,81],{"class":67},[53,103062,457],{"class":117},[53,103064,130],{"class":67},[20,103066,388],{},[44,103068,103070],{"className":46,"code":103069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103071,103072,103104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103075,11174],{"class":59},[53,103077,171],{"class":67},[53,103079,10041],{"class":67},[53,103081,2862],{"class":71},[53,103083,87],{"class":75},[53,103085,2862],{"class":71},[53,103087,81],{"class":67},[53,103089,2857],{"class":71},[53,103091,76],{"class":75},[53,103093,2862],{"class":71},[53,103095,81],{"class":67},[53,103097,2857],{"class":71},[53,103099,967],{"class":75},[53,103101,2862],{"class":71},[53,103103,8860],{"class":67},[53,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103107,11227],{"class":59},[53,103109,171],{"class":67},[53,103111,10041],{"class":67},[53,103113,2862],{"class":71},[53,103115,76],{"class":75},[53,103117,2862],{"class":71},[53,103119,81],{"class":67},[53,103121,2857],{"class":71},[53,103123,967],{"class":75},[53,103125,2862],{"class":71},[53,103127,8860],{"class":67},[20,103129,103130],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[39,103132,103134],{"id":103133},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103136,103137,103138,103140],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103139,102240],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[44,103142,103144],{"className":46,"code":103143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103145,103146,103178,103182,103200,103204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103147,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103149,420],{"class":59},[53,103151,64],{"class":63},[53,103153,10041],{"class":67},[53,103155,72],{"class":71},[53,103157,76],{"class":75},[53,103159,72],{"class":71},[53,103161,81],{"class":67},[53,103163,84],{"class":71},[53,103165,87],{"class":75},[53,103167,72],{"class":71},[53,103169,81],{"class":67},[53,103171,84],{"class":71},[53,103173,967],{"class":75},[53,103175,72],{"class":71},[53,103177,8860],{"class":67},[53,103179,103180],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103181,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103183,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103185,35833],{"class":59},[53,103187,37],{"class":67},[53,103189,102307],{"class":117},[53,103191,121],{"class":67},[53,103193,72],{"class":71},[53,103195,22078],{"class":75},[53,103197,72],{"class":71},[53,103199,130],{"class":67},[53,103201,103202],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,103203,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103205,103206,103208,103210,103212],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,103207,137],{"class":136},[53,103209,121],{"class":67},[53,103211,35833],{"class":117},[53,103213,130],{"class":67},[20,103215,388],{},[44,103217,103219],{"className":46,"code":103218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103220,103221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103222,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103224,8829],{"class":67},[53,103226,2862],{"class":71},[53,103228,87],{"class":75},[53,103230,2862],{"class":71},[53,103232,81],{"class":67},[53,103234,2857],{"class":71},[53,103236,76],{"class":75},[53,103238,2862],{"class":71},[53,103240,81],{"class":67},[53,103242,2857],{"class":71},[53,103244,967],{"class":75},[53,103246,2862],{"class":71},[53,103248,8860],{"class":67},[20,103250,103251],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103253,103254],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[44,103256,103258],{"className":46,"code":103257,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103259,103260,103276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103261,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103263,1042],{"class":1041},[53,103265,84],{"class":71},[53,103267,22078],{"class":75},[53,103269,72],{"class":71},[53,103271,1286],{"class":63},[53,103273,457],{"class":59},[53,103275,1053],{"class":67},[53,103277,103278,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103279,103280],{"class":59},"    fruits",[53,103282,37],{"class":67},[53,103284,34340],{"class":117},[53,103286,121],{"class":67},[53,103288,72],{"class":71},[53,103290,22078],{"class":75},[53,103292,72],{"class":71},[53,103294,130],{"class":67},[20,103296,103297,103298,103300],{},"With ",[15,103299,102240],{},", you can simply write:",[44,103302,103304],{"className":46,"code":103303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103305,103306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103307,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103309,35833],{"class":59},[53,103311,37],{"class":67},[53,103313,102307],{"class":117},[53,103315,121],{"class":67},[53,103317,72],{"class":71},[53,103319,22078],{"class":75},[53,103321,72],{"class":71},[53,103323,130],{"class":67},[39,103325,1391,103327],{"id":103326},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103328,102240],{},[20,103330,152,103331,1398],{},[15,103332,102240],{},[173,103334,103335,103338,103341],{},[176,103336,103337],{},"Missing values are normal",[176,103339,103340],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[176,103342,103343],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103345,103346],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[39,103348,2389],{"id":2388},[20,103350,7995,103351,37],{},[15,103352,102240],{},[1418,103354,8001,103356,103358],{"id":103355},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103357,102240],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103360,4082],{},[44,103362,103364],{"className":46,"code":103363,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103365,103366,103386,103404,103408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103367,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103369,326],{"class":59},[53,103371,64],{"class":63},[53,103373,10041],{"class":67},[53,103375,517],{"class":333},[53,103377,81],{"class":67},[53,103379,790],{"class":333},[53,103381,81],{"class":67},[53,103383,1269],{"class":333},[53,103385,8860],{"class":67},[53,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103389,326],{"class":59},[53,103391,64],{"class":63},[53,103393,356],{"class":59},[53,103395,37],{"class":67},[53,103397,102307],{"class":117},[53,103399,121],{"class":67},[53,103401,525],{"class":333},[53,103403,130],{"class":67},[53,103405,103406],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103407,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103409,103410,103412,103414,103416],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,103411,137],{"class":136},[53,103413,121],{"class":67},[53,103415,3209],{"class":117},[53,103417,130],{"class":67},[20,103419,103420,41697,103422,8150,103424,532,103426,37],{},[15,103421,3209],{},[15,103423,3338],{},[15,103425,102240],{},[15,103427,3338],{},[20,103429,18387],{},[44,103431,103433],{"className":46,"code":103432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103434,103435,103455,103469,103473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103438,326],{"class":59},[53,103440,64],{"class":63},[53,103442,10041],{"class":67},[53,103444,517],{"class":333},[53,103446,81],{"class":67},[53,103448,790],{"class":333},[53,103450,81],{"class":67},[53,103452,1269],{"class":333},[53,103454,8860],{"class":67},[53,103456,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103458,3209],{"class":59},[53,103460,37],{"class":67},[53,103462,102307],{"class":117},[53,103464,121],{"class":67},[53,103466,525],{"class":333},[53,103468,130],{"class":67},[53,103470,103471],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103472,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,103474,103475,103477,103479,103481],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,103476,137],{"class":136},[53,103478,121],{"class":67},[53,103480,3209],{"class":117},[53,103482,130],{"class":67},[1418,103484,36747,103486,8254,103488],{"id":103485},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103487,102240],{},[15,103489,55064],{},[20,103491,103492,103493,37],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103494,102240],{},[44,103496,103498],{"className":46,"code":103497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103499,103500,103532,103553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103501,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103503,687],{"class":59},[53,103505,64],{"class":63},[53,103507,10041],{"class":67},[53,103509,72],{"class":71},[53,103511,195],{"class":75},[53,103513,72],{"class":71},[53,103515,81],{"class":67},[53,103517,84],{"class":71},[53,103519,704],{"class":75},[53,103521,72],{"class":71},[53,103523,81],{"class":67},[53,103525,84],{"class":71},[53,103527,713],{"class":75},[53,103529,72],{"class":71},[53,103531,8860],{"class":67},[53,103533,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103535,747],{"class":59},[53,103537,37],{"class":67},[53,103539,102307],{"class":117},[53,103541,121],{"class":67},[53,103543,72],{"class":71},[53,103545,21622],{"class":75},[53,103547,72],{"class":71},[53,103549,145],{"class":67},[53,103551,103552],{"class":148},"   # safe\n",[53,103554,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103556,137],{"class":136},[53,103558,121],{"class":67},[53,103560,747],{"class":117},[53,103562,130],{"class":67},[20,103564,103565,103566,45452,103569,37],{},"If you use ",[15,103567,103568],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103570,19234],{},[1418,103572,25162,103574,103576],{"id":103573},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103575,102240],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103578,103579,101593],{},[15,103580,102240],{},[20,103582,1209],{},[44,103584,103586],{"className":46,"code":103585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103587,103588,103608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103591,60],{"class":59},[53,103593,64],{"class":63},[53,103595,68],{"class":67},[53,103597,517],{"class":333},[53,103599,81],{"class":67},[53,103601,790],{"class":333},[53,103603,81],{"class":67},[53,103605,1269],{"class":333},[53,103607,101],{"class":67},[53,103609,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103611,956],{"class":59},[53,103613,37],{"class":67},[53,103615,102307],{"class":117},[53,103617,121],{"class":67},[53,103619,525],{"class":333},[53,103621,130],{"class":67},[20,103623,103624,103625,171],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103626,102240],{},[44,103628,103630],{"className":46,"code":103629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103631,103632,103652,103666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103633,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103635,60],{"class":59},[53,103637,64],{"class":63},[53,103639,10041],{"class":67},[53,103641,517],{"class":333},[53,103643,81],{"class":67},[53,103645,790],{"class":333},[53,103647,81],{"class":67},[53,103649,1269],{"class":333},[53,103651,8860],{"class":67},[53,103653,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103655,956],{"class":59},[53,103657,37],{"class":67},[53,103659,102307],{"class":117},[53,103661,121],{"class":67},[53,103663,525],{"class":333},[53,103665,130],{"class":67},[53,103667,103668,103670,103672,103674],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103669,137],{"class":136},[53,103671,121],{"class":67},[53,103673,956],{"class":117},[53,103675,130],{"class":67},[1418,103677,103679],{"id":103678},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103681,103682],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103684,2396],{},[44,103686,103688],{"className":46,"code":103687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103689,103690,103710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103691,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103693,8716],{"class":59},[53,103695,64],{"class":63},[53,103697,10041],{"class":67},[53,103699,517],{"class":333},[53,103701,81],{"class":67},[53,103703,790],{"class":333},[53,103705,81],{"class":67},[53,103707,1269],{"class":333},[53,103709,8860],{"class":67},[53,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103713,8755],{"class":59},[53,103715,37],{"class":67},[53,103717,102307],{"class":117},[53,103719,2546],{"class":67},[53,103721,525],{"class":333},[53,103723,3449],{"class":67},[20,103725,103726],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[39,103728,8422],{"id":8421},[20,103730,8425,103731,103733],{},[15,103732,102240],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,103735,103737],{"className":46,"code":103736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103738,103739,103749,103763,103777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103740,103741,103743,103745,103747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103742,137],{"class":136},[53,103744,121],{"class":67},[53,103746,15218],{"class":117},[53,103748,130],{"class":67},[53,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103752,137],{"class":136},[53,103754,121],{"class":67},[53,103756,1321],{"class":1320},[53,103758,121],{"class":67},[53,103760,15218],{"class":117},[53,103762,628],{"class":67},[53,103764,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,103766,137],{"class":136},[53,103768,121],{"class":67},[53,103770,2006],{"class":117},[53,103772,1048],{"class":1041},[53,103774,96310],{"class":117},[53,103776,130],{"class":67},[53,103778,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,103780,31697],{"class":136},[53,103782,121],{"class":67},[53,103784,5839],{"class":1320},[53,103786,37],{"class":67},[53,103788,102307],{"class":1223},[53,103790,130],{"class":67},[20,103792,10720],{},[173,103794,103795,103798,103801,103804],{},[176,103796,103797],{},"What is currently in the set",[176,103799,103800],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[176,103802,103803],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[176,103805,103806],{},"How Python documents the method",[39,103808,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,103810,103812],{"id":103811},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103814,103815,103816,103818],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103817,102240],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1418,103820,1421,103822,12267],{"id":103821},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103823,102245],{},[20,103825,4701,103826,103828],{},[15,103827,3338],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1418,103830,4731,103832,667,103834,1459],{"id":103831},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103833,102240],{},[15,103835,55064],{},[20,103837,103838,103839,26083,103841,103843,103844,103846],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103840,55064],{},[15,103842,19234],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103845,102240],{}," does not.",[1418,103848,27872,103850,103852],{"id":103849},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103851,102240],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103854,45909,103855,103857],{},[15,103856,102240],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[39,103859,1471],{"id":1470},[173,103861,103862,103868,103874,103879,103883],{},[176,103863,103864],{},[195,103865,96200,103866,660],{"href":97595},[15,103867,55064],{},[176,103869,103870],{},[195,103871,96200,103872,660],{"href":97600},[15,103873,12314],{},[176,103875,103876],{},[195,103877,103878],{"href":97269},"Python set: creating a set",[176,103880,103881],{},[195,103882,99735],{"href":98177},[176,103884,103885],{},[195,103886,10812],{"href":10624},[1494,103888,103889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":103891},[103892,103893,103895,103898,103903,103904,103905,103906,103908,103917,103918,103927],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":102417,"depth":104,"text":103894},"What set.discard() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":103896},[103897],{"id":102490,"depth":133,"text":102491},{"id":102570,"depth":104,"text":103899,"children":103900},"What makes discard() different",[103901],{"id":102609,"depth":133,"text":103902},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102762,"depth":104,"text":102763},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":103133,"depth":104,"text":103134},{"id":103326,"depth":104,"text":103907},"When to use discard()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":103909},[103910,103912,103914,103916],{"id":103355,"depth":133,"text":103911},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103485,"depth":133,"text":103913},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103573,"depth":133,"text":103915},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103678,"depth":133,"text":103679},{"id":8421,"depth":104,"text":8422},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":103919},[103920,103921,103923,103925],{"id":103811,"depth":133,"text":103812},{"id":103821,"depth":133,"text":103922},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103831,"depth":133,"text":103924},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103849,"depth":133,"text":103926},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102232,"description":103928},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103935,"title":103936,"body":103937,"description":105943,"extension":1524,"meta":105944,"navigation":372,"path":105945,"seo":105946,"stem":105947,"__hash__":105948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103938,"toc":105901},[103939,103942,103950,103955,103966,103968,104023,104027,104047,104052,104056,104061,104063,104077,104079,104154,104156,104189,104194,104199,104201,104203,104218,104221,104229,104234,104249,104251,104340,104342,104431,104437,104441,104443,104481,104483,104507,104510,104525,104527,104582,104584,104617,104619,104624,104628,104632,104637,104702,104704,104724,104730,104734,104791,104793,104814,104818,104823,104868,104870,104903,104906,104910,104943,104945,104974,104978,104982,104985,104987,105006,105008,105054,105059,105073,105075,105106,105111,105114,105158,105160,105188,105192,105196,105212,105215,105280,105282,105294,105297,105301,105304,105309,105337,105339,105357,105363,105402,105404,105422,105428,105457,105459,105477,105480,105497,105499,105504,105508,105511,105537,105544,105549,105564,105573,105577,105580,105611,105617,105620,105629,105632,105634,105636,105694,105697,105722,105724,105728,105731,105735,105743,105747,105750,105754,105757,105759,105782,105784,105825,105832,105840,105843,105874,105876,105898],[10,103940,103936],{"id":103941},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103943,8673,103944,103946,103947,37],{},[15,103945,3357],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,103948,103949],{},"unique values only",[20,103951,34952,103952,103954],{},[15,103953,3357],{}," to:",[173,103956,103957,103960,103963],{},[176,103958,103959],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[176,103961,103962],{},"check whether a value exists",[176,103964,103965],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[39,103967,1566],{"id":1565},[44,103969,103971],{"className":46,"code":103970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103972,103973,103997,104012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103974,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103976,326],{"class":59},[53,103978,64],{"class":63},[53,103980,68],{"class":67},[53,103982,517],{"class":333},[53,103984,81],{"class":67},[53,103986,790],{"class":333},[53,103988,81],{"class":67},[53,103990,790],{"class":333},[53,103992,81],{"class":67},[53,103994,1269],{"class":333},[53,103996,101],{"class":67},[53,103998,103999,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104000,104001],{"class":59},"unique_numbers ",[53,104003,64],{"class":63},[53,104005,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104007,121],{"class":67},[53,104009,3209],{"class":117},[53,104011,130],{"class":67},[53,104013,104014,104016,104018,104021],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104015,137],{"class":136},[53,104017,121],{"class":67},[53,104019,104020],{"class":117},"unique_numbers",[53,104022,130],{"class":67},[20,104024,104025],{},[30,104026,388],{},[44,104028,104029],{"className":46,"code":95993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104030,104031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104032,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104034,8829],{"class":67},[53,104036,517],{"class":333},[53,104038,81],{"class":67},[53,104040,790],{"class":333},[53,104042,81],{"class":67},[53,104044,1269],{"class":333},[53,104046,8860],{"class":67},[20,104048,152,104049,104051],{},[15,104050,3357],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[39,104053,104055],{"id":104054},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104057,104058,104060],{},[15,104059,3357],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104062,30085],{},[173,104064,104065,104068,104071,104074],{},[176,104066,104067],{},"A set stores unique items only",[176,104069,104070],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[176,104072,104073],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[176,104075,104076],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104078,316],{},[44,104080,104082],{"className":46,"code":104081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104083,104084,104124,104139,104143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104087,561],{"class":59},[53,104089,64],{"class":63},[53,104091,68],{"class":67},[53,104093,72],{"class":71},[53,104095,570],{"class":75},[53,104097,72],{"class":71},[53,104099,81],{"class":67},[53,104101,84],{"class":71},[53,104103,579],{"class":75},[53,104105,72],{"class":71},[53,104107,81],{"class":67},[53,104109,84],{"class":71},[53,104111,570],{"class":75},[53,104113,72],{"class":71},[53,104115,81],{"class":67},[53,104117,84],{"class":71},[53,104119,596],{"class":75},[53,104121,72],{"class":71},[53,104123,101],{"class":67},[53,104125,104126,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104127,104128],{"class":59},"unique_colors ",[53,104130,64],{"class":63},[53,104132,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104134,121],{"class":67},[53,104136,613],{"class":117},[53,104138,130],{"class":67},[53,104140,104141],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104142,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,104144,104145,104147,104149,104152],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104146,137],{"class":136},[53,104148,121],{"class":67},[53,104150,104151],{"class":117},"unique_colors",[53,104153,130],{"class":67},[20,104155,29574],{},[44,104157,104159],{"className":46,"code":104158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104160,104161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104162,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104164,8829],{"class":67},[53,104166,2862],{"class":71},[53,104168,579],{"class":75},[53,104170,2862],{"class":71},[53,104172,81],{"class":67},[53,104174,2857],{"class":71},[53,104176,596],{"class":75},[53,104178,2862],{"class":71},[53,104180,81],{"class":67},[53,104182,2857],{"class":71},[53,104184,570],{"class":75},[53,104186,2862],{"class":71},[53,104188,8860],{"class":67},[20,104190,1846,104191,104193],{},[15,104192,645],{}," appears only once.",[20,104195,104196,104197,37],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[195,104198,95714],{"href":95713},[39,104200,202],{"id":201},[20,104202,1721],{},[44,104204,104206],{"className":46,"code":104205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104207,104208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104209,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104211,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104213,121],{"class":67},[53,104215,3280],{"class":117},[53,104217,130],{"class":67},[20,104219,104220],{},"The argument is optional.",[173,104222,104223,104226],{},[176,104224,104225],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[176,104227,104228],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104230,104231,104232,171],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104233,3357],{},[173,104235,104236,104238,104240,104242,104246],{},[176,104237,7643],{},[176,104239,48495],{},[176,104241,60706],{},[176,104243,104244],{},[15,104245,35741],{},[176,104247,104248],{},"another set",[20,104250,1687],{},[44,104252,104254],{"className":46,"code":104253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104255,104256,104282,104304,104322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104257,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104259,137],{"class":136},[53,104261,121],{"class":67},[53,104263,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104265,2546],{"class":67},[53,104267,517],{"class":333},[53,104269,81],{"class":67},[53,104271,790],{"class":333},[53,104273,81],{"class":67},[53,104275,790],{"class":333},[53,104277,81],{"class":67},[53,104279,1269],{"class":333},[53,104281,2559],{"class":67},[53,104283,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104285,137],{"class":136},[53,104287,121],{"class":67},[53,104289,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104291,5062],{"class":67},[53,104293,334],{"class":333},[53,104295,81],{"class":67},[53,104297,339],{"class":333},[53,104299,81],{"class":67},[53,104301,5556],{"class":333},[53,104303,2472],{"class":67},[53,104305,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104307,137],{"class":136},[53,104309,121],{"class":67},[53,104311,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104313,121],{"class":67},[53,104315,72],{"class":71},[53,104317,3406],{"class":75},[53,104319,72],{"class":71},[53,104321,628],{"class":67},[53,104323,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104325,137],{"class":136},[53,104327,121],{"class":67},[53,104329,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104331,121],{"class":67},[53,104333,59530],{"class":136},[53,104335,121],{"class":67},[53,104337,2062],{"class":333},[53,104339,2472],{"class":67},[20,104341,29574],{},[44,104343,104345],{"className":46,"code":104344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104346,104347,104363,104375,104411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104348,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104350,8829],{"class":67},[53,104352,517],{"class":333},[53,104354,81],{"class":67},[53,104356,790],{"class":333},[53,104358,81],{"class":67},[53,104360,1269],{"class":333},[53,104362,8860],{"class":67},[53,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104366,8829],{"class":67},[53,104368,334],{"class":333},[53,104370,81],{"class":67},[53,104372,339],{"class":333},[53,104374,8860],{"class":67},[53,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104378,8829],{"class":67},[53,104380,2862],{"class":71},[53,104382,59970],{"class":75},[53,104384,2862],{"class":71},[53,104386,81],{"class":67},[53,104388,2857],{"class":71},[53,104390,59979],{"class":75},[53,104392,2862],{"class":71},[53,104394,81],{"class":67},[53,104396,2857],{"class":71},[53,104398,59988],{"class":75},[53,104400,2862],{"class":71},[53,104402,81],{"class":67},[53,104404,2857],{"class":71},[53,104406,60005],{"class":75},[53,104408,2862],{"class":71},[53,104410,8860],{"class":67},[53,104412,104413,104415,104417,104419,104421,104423,104425,104427,104429],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104414,8829],{"class":67},[53,104416,187],{"class":333},[53,104418,81],{"class":67},[53,104420,821],{"class":333},[53,104422,81],{"class":67},[53,104424,790],{"class":333},[53,104426,81],{"class":67},[53,104428,1269],{"class":333},[53,104430,8860],{"class":67},[20,104432,104433,104434,37],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[195,104435,104436],{"href":64380},"Python list() function explained",[39,104438,104440],{"id":104439},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104442,97666],{},[44,104444,104445],{"className":46,"code":98631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104446,104447,104457,104467],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104448,104449,104451,104453,104455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104450,97676],{"class":59},[53,104452,64],{"class":63},[53,104454,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104456,8192],{"class":67},[53,104458,104459,104461,104463,104465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104460,137],{"class":136},[53,104462,121],{"class":67},[53,104464,97695],{"class":117},[53,104466,130],{"class":67},[53,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104470,137],{"class":136},[53,104472,121],{"class":67},[53,104474,1321],{"class":1320},[53,104476,121],{"class":67},[53,104478,97695],{"class":117},[53,104480,628],{"class":67},[20,104482,388],{},[44,104484,104485],{"className":46,"code":98674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104486,104487,104493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104488,104489,104491],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104490,5839],{"class":1320},[53,104492,8192],{"class":67},[53,104494,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104496,2851],{"class":63},[53,104498,2854],{"class":1627},[53,104500,2857],{"class":71},[53,104502,5839],{"class":75},[53,104504,2862],{"class":71},[53,104506,2865],{"class":63},[20,104508,104509],{},"This is important because:",[173,104511,104512,104517],{},[176,104513,104514,104516],{},[15,104515,3357],{}," creates an empty set",[176,104518,104519,104521,104522,104524],{},[15,104520,3352],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104523,1112],{}," a set",[20,104526,316],{},[44,104528,104530],{"className":46,"code":104529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104531,104532,104542,104550,104554,104568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104533,104534,104536,104538,104540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104535,2112],{"class":59},[53,104537,64],{"class":63},[53,104539,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104541,8192],{"class":67},[53,104543,104544,104546,104548],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104545,2140],{"class":59},[53,104547,64],{"class":63},[53,104549,9389],{"class":67},[53,104551,104552],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104553,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,104555,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104557,137],{"class":136},[53,104559,121],{"class":67},[53,104561,1321],{"class":1320},[53,104563,121],{"class":67},[53,104565,195],{"class":117},[53,104567,628],{"class":67},[53,104569,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,104571,137],{"class":136},[53,104573,121],{"class":67},[53,104575,1321],{"class":1320},[53,104577,121],{"class":67},[53,104579,704],{"class":117},[53,104581,628],{"class":67},[20,104583,388],{},[44,104585,104587],{"className":46,"code":104586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104588,104589,104603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104590,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104592,2851],{"class":63},[53,104594,2854],{"class":1627},[53,104596,2857],{"class":71},[53,104598,5839],{"class":75},[53,104600,2862],{"class":71},[53,104602,2865],{"class":63},[53,104604,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104606,2851],{"class":63},[53,104608,2854],{"class":1627},[53,104610,2857],{"class":71},[53,104612,8371],{"class":75},[53,104614,2862],{"class":71},[53,104616,2865],{"class":63},[20,104618,13599],{},[20,104620,104621,104622,37],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[195,104623,103878],{"href":95717},[39,104625,104627],{"id":104626},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1418,104629,104631],{"id":104630},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104633,104634,104635,37],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104636,3357],{},[44,104638,104640],{"className":46,"code":104639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104641,104642,104674,104688,104692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104643,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104645,326],{"class":59},[53,104647,64],{"class":63},[53,104649,68],{"class":67},[53,104651,517],{"class":333},[53,104653,81],{"class":67},[53,104655,790],{"class":333},[53,104657,81],{"class":67},[53,104659,790],{"class":333},[53,104661,81],{"class":67},[53,104663,1269],{"class":333},[53,104665,81],{"class":67},[53,104667,1269],{"class":333},[53,104669,81],{"class":67},[53,104671,1269],{"class":333},[53,104673,101],{"class":67},[53,104675,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104677,351],{"class":59},[53,104679,64],{"class":63},[53,104681,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104683,121],{"class":67},[53,104685,3209],{"class":117},[53,104687,130],{"class":67},[53,104689,104690],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104691,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,104693,104694,104696,104698,104700],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104695,137],{"class":136},[53,104697,121],{"class":67},[53,104699,383],{"class":117},[53,104701,130],{"class":67},[20,104703,388],{},[44,104705,104706],{"className":46,"code":95993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104707,104708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104709,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104711,8829],{"class":67},[53,104713,517],{"class":333},[53,104715,81],{"class":67},[53,104717,790],{"class":333},[53,104719,81],{"class":67},[53,104721,1269],{"class":333},[53,104723,8860],{"class":67},[20,104725,104726,104727,37],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[195,104728,98464],{"href":104729},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1418,104731,104733],{"id":104732},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[44,104735,104737],{"className":46,"code":104736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104738,104739,104763,104777,104781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104740,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104742,3383],{"class":59},[53,104744,64],{"class":63},[53,104746,8787],{"class":67},[53,104748,1698],{"class":333},[53,104750,81],{"class":67},[53,104752,4162],{"class":333},[53,104754,81],{"class":67},[53,104756,5556],{"class":333},[53,104758,81],{"class":67},[53,104760,37480],{"class":333},[53,104762,130],{"class":67},[53,104764,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104766,351],{"class":59},[53,104768,64],{"class":63},[53,104770,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104772,121],{"class":67},[53,104774,4911],{"class":117},[53,104776,130],{"class":67},[53,104778,104779],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104780,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,104782,104783,104785,104787,104789],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104784,137],{"class":136},[53,104786,121],{"class":67},[53,104788,383],{"class":117},[53,104790,130],{"class":67},[20,104792,388],{},[44,104794,104796],{"className":46,"code":104795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104797,104798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104801,8829],{"class":67},[53,104803,1698],{"class":333},[53,104805,81],{"class":67},[53,104807,5556],{"class":333},[53,104809,81],{"class":67},[53,104811,37480],{"class":333},[53,104813,8860],{"class":67},[1418,104815,104817],{"id":104816},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104819,50670,104820,104822],{},[15,104821,3357],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[44,104824,104826],{"className":46,"code":104825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104827,104828,104840,104854,104858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104829,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104831,34233],{"class":59},[53,104833,64],{"class":63},[53,104835,84],{"class":71},[53,104837,87],{"class":75},[53,104839,1032],{"class":71},[53,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104843,351],{"class":59},[53,104845,64],{"class":63},[53,104847,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104849,121],{"class":67},[53,104851,34254],{"class":117},[53,104853,130],{"class":67},[53,104855,104856],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,104857,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,104861,137],{"class":136},[53,104863,121],{"class":67},[53,104865,383],{"class":117},[53,104867,130],{"class":67},[20,104869,29574],{},[44,104871,104873],{"className":46,"code":104872,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104874,104875],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104878,8829],{"class":67},[53,104880,2862],{"class":71},[53,104882,704],{"class":75},[53,104884,2862],{"class":71},[53,104886,81],{"class":67},[53,104888,2857],{"class":71},[53,104890,195],{"class":75},[53,104892,2862],{"class":71},[53,104894,81],{"class":67},[53,104896,2857],{"class":71},[53,104898,75413],{"class":75},[53,104900,2862],{"class":71},[53,104902,8860],{"class":67},[20,104904,104905],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1418,104907,104909],{"id":104908},"from-range","From range()",[44,104911,104913],{"className":46,"code":104912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104914,104915,104933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104918,351],{"class":59},[53,104920,64],{"class":63},[53,104922,15185],{"class":1320},[53,104924,121],{"class":67},[53,104926,59530],{"class":136},[53,104928,121],{"class":67},[53,104930,1698],{"class":333},[53,104932,628],{"class":67},[53,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104936,137],{"class":136},[53,104938,121],{"class":67},[53,104940,383],{"class":117},[53,104942,130],{"class":67},[20,104944,388],{},[44,104946,104948],{"className":46,"code":104947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104949,104950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104953,8829],{"class":67},[53,104955,187],{"class":333},[53,104957,81],{"class":67},[53,104959,821],{"class":333},[53,104961,81],{"class":67},[53,104963,790],{"class":333},[53,104965,81],{"class":67},[53,104967,1269],{"class":333},[53,104969,81],{"class":67},[53,104971,826],{"class":333},[53,104973,8860],{"class":67},[39,104975,104977],{"id":104976},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104979,98911,104980,37],{},[30,104981,95757],{},[20,104983,104984],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104986,98917],{},[173,104988,104989,104993,104997,105001],{},[176,104990,104991],{},[15,104992,1750],{},[176,104994,104995],{},[15,104996,3005],{},[176,104998,104999],{},[15,105000,1753],{},[176,105002,105003,105005],{},[15,105004,48495],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105007,316],{},[44,105009,105011],{"className":46,"code":105010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105012,105013,105044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105014,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105016,60],{"class":59},[53,105018,64],{"class":63},[53,105020,10041],{"class":67},[53,105022,517],{"class":333},[53,105024,81],{"class":67},[53,105026,84],{"class":71},[53,105028,3406],{"class":75},[53,105030,72],{"class":71},[53,105032,81],{"class":67},[53,105034,8787],{"class":67},[53,105036,334],{"class":333},[53,105038,81],{"class":67},[53,105040,339],{"class":333},[53,105042,105043],{"class":67},")}\n",[53,105045,105046,105048,105050,105052],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105047,137],{"class":136},[53,105049,121],{"class":67},[53,105051,956],{"class":117},[53,105053,130],{"class":67},[20,105055,98979,105056,105058],{},[30,105057,1112],{}," work inside a set:",[173,105060,105061,105065,105069],{},[176,105062,105063],{},[15,105064,7643],{},[176,105066,105067],{},[15,105068,8371],{},[176,105070,105071],{},[15,105072,5839],{},[20,105074,96482],{},[44,105076,105078],{"className":46,"code":105077,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105079,105080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105081,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105083,98998],{"class":59},[53,105085,64],{"class":63},[53,105087,99003],{"class":67},[53,105089,517],{"class":333},[53,105091,81],{"class":67},[53,105093,790],{"class":333},[53,105095,17609],{"class":67},[53,105097,68],{"class":67},[53,105099,882],{"class":333},[53,105101,81],{"class":67},[53,105103,826],{"class":333},[53,105105,13256],{"class":67},[20,105107,76241,105108,105110],{},[15,105109,2565],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105112,105113],{},"A safer example:",[44,105115,105117],{"className":46,"code":105116,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105118,105119,105147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105120,105121,105124,105126,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143,105145],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105122,105123],{"class":59},"good_set ",[53,105125,64],{"class":63},[53,105127,105128],{"class":67}," {(",[53,105130,517],{"class":333},[53,105132,81],{"class":67},[53,105134,790],{"class":333},[53,105136,8784],{"class":67},[53,105138,8787],{"class":67},[53,105140,882],{"class":333},[53,105142,81],{"class":67},[53,105144,826],{"class":333},[53,105146,105043],{"class":67},[53,105148,105149,105151,105153,105156],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105150,137],{"class":136},[53,105152,121],{"class":67},[53,105154,105155],{"class":117},"good_set",[53,105157,130],{"class":67},[20,105159,388],{},[44,105161,105163],{"className":46,"code":105162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105164,105165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105166,105167,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105168,105169],{"class":67},"{(",[53,105171,517],{"class":333},[53,105173,81],{"class":67},[53,105175,790],{"class":333},[53,105177,8784],{"class":67},[53,105179,8787],{"class":67},[53,105181,882],{"class":333},[53,105183,81],{"class":67},[53,105185,826],{"class":333},[53,105187,105043],{"class":67},[39,105189,105191],{"id":105190},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105193,152,105194,1398],{},[15,105195,3357],{},[173,105197,105198,105201,105206,105209],{},[176,105199,105200],{},"you need unique values only",[176,105202,105203,105204],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105205,1048],{},[176,105207,105208],{},"order does not matter",[176,105210,105211],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105213,105214],{},"Example of membership checking:",[44,105216,105218],{"className":46,"code":105217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105219,105220,105245,105249,105265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105221,105222,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105238,105240,105243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105223,105224],{"class":59},"allowed_ids ",[53,105226,64],{"class":63},[53,105228,15185],{"class":1320},[53,105230,2546],{"class":67},[53,105232,46136],{"class":333},[53,105234,81],{"class":67},[53,105236,105237],{"class":333}," 102",[53,105239,81],{"class":67},[53,105241,105242],{"class":333}," 103",[53,105244,3449],{"class":67},[53,105246,105247],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105248,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,105250,105251,105253,105255,105258,105260,105263],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,105252,137],{"class":136},[53,105254,121],{"class":67},[53,105256,105257],{"class":333},"102",[53,105259,1286],{"class":1041},[53,105261,105262],{"class":117}," allowed_ids",[53,105264,130],{"class":67},[53,105266,105267,105269,105271,105274,105276,105278],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,105268,137],{"class":136},[53,105270,121],{"class":67},[53,105272,105273],{"class":333},"999",[53,105275,1286],{"class":1041},[53,105277,105262],{"class":117},[53,105279,130],{"class":67},[20,105281,388],{},[44,105283,105284],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105285,105286,105290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105287,105288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105289,3540],{"class":3413},[53,105291,105292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105293,3601],{"class":3413},[20,105295,105296],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[39,105298,105300],{"id":105299},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105302,105303],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1418,105305,152,105307,97608],{"id":105306},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105308,3357],{},[44,105310,105311],{"className":46,"code":97669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105312,105313,105323],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105316,97676],{"class":59},[53,105318,64],{"class":63},[53,105320,15185],{"class":1320},[53,105322,8192],{"class":67},[53,105324,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105326,137],{"class":136},[53,105328,121],{"class":67},[53,105330,1321],{"class":1320},[53,105332,121],{"class":67},[53,105334,97695],{"class":117},[53,105336,628],{"class":67},[20,105338,388],{},[44,105340,105341],{"className":46,"code":8402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105342,105343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105344,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105346,2851],{"class":63},[53,105348,2854],{"class":1627},[53,105350,2857],{"class":71},[53,105352,5839],{"class":75},[53,105354,2862],{"class":71},[53,105356,2865],{"class":63},[1418,105358,152,105360,105362],{"id":105359},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105361,99668],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[44,105364,105366],{"className":46,"code":105365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105367,105368,105388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105369,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105371,326],{"class":59},[53,105373,64],{"class":63},[53,105375,10041],{"class":67},[53,105377,517],{"class":333},[53,105379,81],{"class":67},[53,105381,790],{"class":333},[53,105383,81],{"class":67},[53,105385,1269],{"class":333},[53,105387,8860],{"class":67},[53,105389,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105391,137],{"class":136},[53,105393,121],{"class":67},[53,105395,1321],{"class":1320},[53,105397,121],{"class":67},[53,105399,3209],{"class":117},[53,105401,628],{"class":67},[20,105403,388],{},[44,105405,105406],{"className":46,"code":8402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105407,105408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105409,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105411,2851],{"class":63},[53,105413,2854],{"class":1627},[53,105415,2857],{"class":71},[53,105417,5839],{"class":75},[53,105419,2862],{"class":71},[53,105421,2865],{"class":63},[1418,105423,152,105425,105427],{"id":105424},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105426,3352],{}," for an empty dictionary",[44,105429,105431],{"className":46,"code":105430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105432,105433,105442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105434,105435,105438,105440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105436,105437],{"class":59},"empty_dict ",[53,105439,64],{"class":63},[53,105441,9389],{"class":67},[53,105443,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105455],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105445,137],{"class":136},[53,105447,121],{"class":67},[53,105449,1321],{"class":1320},[53,105451,121],{"class":67},[53,105453,105454],{"class":117},"empty_dict",[53,105456,628],{"class":67},[20,105458,388],{},[44,105460,105461],{"className":46,"code":8358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105462,105463],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105464,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105466,2851],{"class":63},[53,105468,2854],{"class":1627},[53,105470,2857],{"class":71},[53,105472,8371],{"class":75},[53,105474,2862],{"class":71},[53,105476,2865],{"class":63},[20,105478,105479],{},"So the rule is simple:",[173,105481,105482,105487,105492],{},[176,105483,105484,105486],{},[15,105485,3357],{}," → empty set",[176,105488,105489,105491],{},[15,105490,99668],{}," → non-empty set",[176,105493,105494,105496],{},[15,105495,3352],{}," → empty dictionary",[39,105498,2389],{"id":2388},[20,105500,105501,105502,37],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105503,3357],{},[1418,105505,664,105506,99266],{"id":99263},[15,105507,3352],{},[20,105509,105510],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[44,105512,105513],{"className":46,"code":99272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105514,105515,105523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105516,105517,105519,105521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105518,2006],{"class":59},[53,105520,64],{"class":63},[53,105522,9389],{"class":67},[53,105524,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105526,137],{"class":136},[53,105528,121],{"class":67},[53,105530,1321],{"class":1320},[53,105532,121],{"class":67},[53,105534,224],{"class":117},[53,105536,628],{"class":67},[1418,105538,105540,105541],{"id":105539},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105542,105543],{},"set(5)",[20,105545,105546,105548],{},[15,105547,3357],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[44,105550,105552],{"className":46,"code":105551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(5)\n",[15,105553,105554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105555,105556,105558,105560,105562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105557,5839],{"class":1320},[53,105559,121],{"class":67},[53,105561,1698],{"class":333},[53,105563,130],{"class":67},[20,105565,2562,105566,105568,105569,37],{},[15,105567,2565],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[195,105570,105572],{"href":105571},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1418,105574,105576],{"id":105575},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105578,105579],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[44,105581,105583],{"className":46,"code":105582,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105584,105585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105586,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105588,2006],{"class":59},[53,105590,64],{"class":63},[53,105592,99003],{"class":67},[53,105594,517],{"class":333},[53,105596,81],{"class":67},[53,105598,790],{"class":333},[53,105600,17609],{"class":67},[53,105602,68],{"class":67},[53,105604,882],{"class":333},[53,105606,81],{"class":67},[53,105608,826],{"class":333},[53,105610,13256],{"class":67},[1418,105612,8001,105614,105616],{"id":105613},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105615,3357],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105618,105619],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1418,105621,36747,105623,8254,105625,2438,105627],{"id":105622},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105624,3357],{},[15,105626,24326],{},[15,105628,8670],{},[20,105630,105631],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[39,105633,60242],{"id":60241},[20,105635,10662],{},[44,105637,105639],{"className":46,"code":105638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105640,105641,105656,105666,105680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105642,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651,105654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105644,137],{"class":136},[53,105646,121],{"class":67},[53,105648,1321],{"class":1320},[53,105650,121],{"class":67},[53,105652,105653],{"class":117},"my_value",[53,105655,628],{"class":67},[53,105657,105658,105660,105662,105664],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105659,137],{"class":136},[53,105661,121],{"class":67},[53,105663,105653],{"class":117},[53,105665,130],{"class":67},[53,105667,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,105669,137],{"class":136},[53,105671,121],{"class":67},[53,105673,7643],{"class":1320},[53,105675,121],{"class":67},[53,105677,15218],{"class":117},[53,105679,628],{"class":67},[53,105681,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,105683,137],{"class":136},[53,105685,121],{"class":67},[53,105687,10711],{"class":136},[53,105689,121],{"class":67},[53,105691,15218],{"class":117},[53,105693,628],{"class":67},[20,105695,105696],{},"What they help you see:",[173,105698,105699,105705,105710,105716],{},[176,105700,105701,105704],{},[15,105702,105703],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[176,105706,105707,89932],{},[15,105708,105709],{},"print(my_value)",[176,105711,105712,105715],{},[15,105713,105714],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[176,105717,105718,105721],{},[15,105719,105720],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[39,105723,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,105725,105727],{"id":105726},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105729,105730],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1418,105732,105734],{"id":105733},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105736,152,105737,105739,105740,105742],{},[15,105738,3357],{},". Do not use ",[15,105741,3352],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1418,105744,105746],{"id":105745},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105748,105749],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1418,105751,105753],{"id":105752},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105755,105756],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105758,316],{},[44,105760,105762],{"className":46,"code":105761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105763,105764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105765,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105767,137],{"class":136},[53,105769,121],{"class":67},[53,105771,5839],{"class":1320},[53,105773,121],{"class":67},[53,105775,72],{"class":71},[53,105777,76],{"class":75},[53,105779,72],{"class":71},[53,105781,628],{"class":67},[20,105783,29574],{},[44,105785,105787],{"className":46,"code":105786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105788,105789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105790,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105792,8829],{"class":67},[53,105794,2862],{"class":71},[53,105796,195],{"class":75},[53,105798,2862],{"class":71},[53,105800,81],{"class":67},[53,105802,2857],{"class":71},[53,105804,20],{"class":75},[53,105806,2862],{"class":71},[53,105808,81],{"class":67},[53,105810,2857],{"class":71},[53,105812,59988],{"class":75},[53,105814,2862],{"class":71},[53,105816,81],{"class":67},[53,105818,2857],{"class":71},[53,105820,59979],{"class":75},[53,105822,2862],{"class":71},[53,105824,8860],{"class":67},[1418,105826,4711,105828,105831],{"id":105827},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105829,105830],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105833,105834,28229,105836,105839],{},[15,105835,3357],{},[30,105837,105838],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105841,105842],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[44,105844,105846],{"className":46,"code":105845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105847,105848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105849,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105851,137],{"class":136},[53,105853,121],{"class":67},[53,105855,5839],{"class":1320},[53,105857,2546],{"class":67},[53,105859,517],{"class":333},[53,105861,81],{"class":67},[53,105863,790],{"class":333},[53,105865,81],{"class":67},[53,105867,1269],{"class":333},[53,105869,81],{"class":67},[53,105871,826],{"class":333},[53,105873,2559],{"class":67},[39,105875,1471],{"id":1470},[173,105877,105878,105882,105886,105890,105894],{},[176,105879,105880],{},[195,105881,95714],{"href":95713},[176,105883,105884],{},[195,105885,103878],{"href":95717},[176,105887,105888],{},[195,105889,99730],{"href":104729},[176,105891,105892],{},[195,105893,104436],{"href":64380},[176,105895,105896],{},[195,105897,105572],{"href":105571},[1494,105899,105900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":105902},[105903,105904,105905,105906,105907,105913,105914,105915,105923,105933,105934,105942],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":104054,"depth":104,"text":104055},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":104439,"depth":104,"text":104440},{"id":104626,"depth":104,"text":104627,"children":105908},[105909,105910,105911,105912],{"id":104630,"depth":133,"text":104631},{"id":104732,"depth":133,"text":104733},{"id":104816,"depth":133,"text":104817},{"id":104908,"depth":133,"text":104909},{"id":104976,"depth":104,"text":104977},{"id":105190,"depth":104,"text":105191},{"id":105299,"depth":104,"text":105300,"children":105916},[105917,105919,105921],{"id":105306,"depth":133,"text":105918},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105359,"depth":133,"text":105920},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105424,"depth":133,"text":105922},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":105924},[105925,105926,105928,105929,105931],{"id":99263,"depth":133,"text":99771},{"id":105539,"depth":133,"text":105927},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105575,"depth":133,"text":105576},{"id":105613,"depth":133,"text":105930},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105622,"depth":133,"text":105932},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60241,"depth":104,"text":60242},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":105935},[105936,105937,105938,105939,105940],{"id":105726,"depth":133,"text":105727},{"id":105733,"depth":133,"text":105734},{"id":105745,"depth":133,"text":105746},{"id":105752,"depth":133,"text":105753},{"id":105827,"depth":133,"text":105941},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103936,"description":105943},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105950,"title":105951,"body":105952,"description":107467,"extension":1524,"meta":107468,"navigation":372,"path":107469,"seo":107470,"stem":107471,"__hash__":107472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105953,"toc":107443},[105954,105960,105965,105968,106051,106056,106061,106066,106068,106081,106085,106087,106106,106109,106132,106135,106146,106148,106229,106231,106248,106250,106256,106259,106354,106356,106387,106389,106397,106399,106402,106513,106515,106540,106542,106564,106569,106574,106580,106689,106691,106707,106710,106713,106796,106798,106815,106823,106825,106829,106835,106926,106928,106961,106966,106973,107050,107052,107069,107075,107077,107081,107097,107100,107126,107128,107189,107191,107314,107316,107367,107373,107375,107380,107382,107388,107391,107395,107398,107402,107405,107415,107417,107440],[10,105955,3138,105957,18],{"id":105956},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105958,105959],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105961,1541,105962,105964],{},[15,105963,105959],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105966,105967],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[44,105969,105971],{"className":46,"code":105970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105972,105973,105993,106013,106017,106036,106046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105974,105975,105977,105979,105981,105983,105985,105987,105989,105991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105976,2112],{"class":59},[53,105978,64],{"class":63},[53,105980,10041],{"class":67},[53,105982,517],{"class":333},[53,105984,81],{"class":67},[53,105986,790],{"class":333},[53,105988,81],{"class":67},[53,105990,1269],{"class":333},[53,105992,8860],{"class":67},[53,105994,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105996,2140],{"class":59},[53,105998,64],{"class":63},[53,106000,10041],{"class":67},[53,106002,525],{"class":333},[53,106004,81],{"class":67},[53,106006,1269],{"class":333},[53,106008,81],{"class":67},[53,106010,826],{"class":333},[53,106012,8860],{"class":67},[53,106014,106015],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106016,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106030,106032,106034],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106020,351],{"class":59},[53,106022,64],{"class":63},[53,106024,56423],{"class":59},[53,106026,37],{"class":67},[53,106028,106029],{"class":117},"intersection",[53,106031,121],{"class":67},[53,106033,704],{"class":117},[53,106035,130],{"class":67},[53,106037,106038,106040,106042,106044],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106039,137],{"class":136},[53,106041,121],{"class":67},[53,106043,383],{"class":117},[53,106045,130],{"class":67},[53,106047,106048],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,106049,106050],{"class":148},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106052,152,106053,106055],{},[15,106054,102177],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[39,106057,12548,106059,12551],{"id":106058},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106060,102177],{},[20,106062,106063,106065],{},[15,106064,102177],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106067,12604],{},[173,106069,106070,106073,106075,106078],{},[176,106071,106072],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[176,106074,99947],{},[176,106076,106077],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[176,106079,106080],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106082,95710,106083,37],{},[195,106084,95714],{"href":95713},[39,106086,202],{"id":201},[44,106088,106090],{"className":46,"code":106089,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106091,106092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106093,106094,106096,106098,106100,106102,106104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106095,99971],{"class":59},[53,106097,37],{"class":67},[53,106099,106029],{"class":117},[53,106101,121],{"class":67},[53,106103,99980],{"class":117},[53,106105,130],{"class":67},[20,106107,106108],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[44,106110,106112],{"className":46,"code":106111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106113,106114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106115,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106117,99971],{"class":59},[53,106119,37],{"class":67},[53,106121,106029],{"class":117},[53,106123,121],{"class":67},[53,106125,99980],{"class":117},[53,106127,81],{"class":67},[53,106129,100007],{"class":117},[53,106131,130],{"class":67},[20,106133,106134],{},"Important notes:",[173,106136,106137,106140,106143],{},[176,106138,106139],{},"The result is always a new set",[176,106141,106142],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[176,106144,106145],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106147,316],{},[44,106149,106151],{"className":46,"code":106150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106152,106153,106177,106197,106201,106219],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106154,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106156,2112],{"class":59},[53,106158,64],{"class":63},[53,106160,10041],{"class":67},[53,106162,517],{"class":333},[53,106164,81],{"class":67},[53,106166,790],{"class":333},[53,106168,81],{"class":67},[53,106170,1269],{"class":333},[53,106172,81],{"class":67},[53,106174,826],{"class":333},[53,106176,8860],{"class":67},[53,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106180,2140],{"class":59},[53,106182,64],{"class":63},[53,106184,10041],{"class":67},[53,106186,882],{"class":333},[53,106188,81],{"class":67},[53,106190,826],{"class":333},[53,106192,81],{"class":67},[53,106194,4162],{"class":333},[53,106196,8860],{"class":67},[53,106198,106199],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106200,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106202,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106217],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106204,351],{"class":59},[53,106206,64],{"class":63},[53,106208,56423],{"class":59},[53,106210,37],{"class":67},[53,106212,106029],{"class":117},[53,106214,121],{"class":67},[53,106216,704],{"class":117},[53,106218,130],{"class":67},[53,106220,106221,106223,106225,106227],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106222,137],{"class":136},[53,106224,121],{"class":67},[53,106226,383],{"class":117},[53,106228,130],{"class":67},[20,106230,388],{},[44,106232,106234],{"className":46,"code":106233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106235,106236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106237,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106239,8829],{"class":67},[53,106241,882],{"class":333},[53,106243,81],{"class":67},[53,106245,826],{"class":333},[53,106247,8860],{"class":67},[39,106249,16967],{"id":16966},[20,106251,106252,21520,106254,37],{},[15,106253,102177],{},[30,106255,5839],{},[20,106257,106258],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[44,106260,106262],{"className":46,"code":106261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106263,106264,106284,106304,106308,106326,106330,106340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106265,106266,106268,106270,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106267,2112],{"class":59},[53,106269,64],{"class":63},[53,106271,10041],{"class":67},[53,106273,517],{"class":333},[53,106275,81],{"class":67},[53,106277,790],{"class":333},[53,106279,81],{"class":67},[53,106281,1269],{"class":333},[53,106283,8860],{"class":67},[53,106285,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106287,2140],{"class":59},[53,106289,64],{"class":63},[53,106291,10041],{"class":67},[53,106293,525],{"class":333},[53,106295,81],{"class":67},[53,106297,1269],{"class":333},[53,106299,81],{"class":67},[53,106301,826],{"class":333},[53,106303,8860],{"class":67},[53,106305,106306],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106307,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106309,106310,106312,106314,106316,106318,106320,106322,106324],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106311,351],{"class":59},[53,106313,64],{"class":63},[53,106315,56423],{"class":59},[53,106317,37],{"class":67},[53,106319,106029],{"class":117},[53,106321,121],{"class":67},[53,106323,704],{"class":117},[53,106325,130],{"class":67},[53,106327,106328],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106329,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106331,106332,106334,106336,106338],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,106333,137],{"class":136},[53,106335,121],{"class":67},[53,106337,383],{"class":117},[53,106339,130],{"class":67},[53,106341,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,106343,137],{"class":136},[53,106345,121],{"class":67},[53,106347,1321],{"class":1320},[53,106349,121],{"class":67},[53,106351,383],{"class":117},[53,106353,628],{"class":67},[20,106355,388],{},[44,106357,106359],{"className":46,"code":106358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106360,106361,106373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106362,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106364,8829],{"class":67},[53,106366,525],{"class":333},[53,106368,81],{"class":67},[53,106370,1269],{"class":333},[53,106372,8860],{"class":67},[53,106374,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106376,2851],{"class":63},[53,106378,2854],{"class":1627},[53,106380,2857],{"class":71},[53,106382,5839],{"class":75},[53,106384,2862],{"class":71},[53,106386,2865],{"class":63},[20,106388,85195],{},[173,106390,106391,106394],{},[176,106392,106393],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[176,106395,106396],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[39,106398,11025],{"id":11024},[20,106400,106401],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[44,106403,106405],{"className":46,"code":106404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106406,106407,106440,106473,106477,106498,106502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106408,106409,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106410,106411],{"class":59},"colors1 ",[53,106413,64],{"class":63},[53,106415,10041],{"class":67},[53,106417,72],{"class":71},[53,106419,570],{"class":75},[53,106421,72],{"class":71},[53,106423,81],{"class":67},[53,106425,84],{"class":71},[53,106427,579],{"class":75},[53,106429,72],{"class":71},[53,106431,81],{"class":67},[53,106433,84],{"class":71},[53,106435,596],{"class":75},[53,106437,72],{"class":71},[53,106439,8860],{"class":67},[53,106441,106442,106445,106447,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106443,106444],{"class":59},"colors2 ",[53,106446,64],{"class":63},[53,106448,10041],{"class":67},[53,106450,72],{"class":71},[53,106452,596],{"class":75},[53,106454,72],{"class":71},[53,106456,81],{"class":67},[53,106458,84],{"class":71},[53,106460,22069],{"class":75},[53,106462,72],{"class":71},[53,106464,81],{"class":67},[53,106466,84],{"class":71},[53,106468,579],{"class":75},[53,106470,72],{"class":71},[53,106472,8860],{"class":67},[53,106474,106475],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106476,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106478,106479,106482,106484,106487,106489,106491,106493,106496],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106480,106481],{"class":59},"common_colors ",[53,106483,64],{"class":63},[53,106485,106486],{"class":59}," colors1",[53,106488,37],{"class":67},[53,106490,106029],{"class":117},[53,106492,121],{"class":67},[53,106494,106495],{"class":117},"colors2",[53,106497,130],{"class":67},[53,106499,106500],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106501,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106503,106504,106506,106508,106511],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,106505,137],{"class":136},[53,106507,121],{"class":67},[53,106509,106510],{"class":117},"common_colors",[53,106512,130],{"class":67},[20,106514,388],{},[44,106516,106518],{"className":46,"code":106517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106519,106520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106521,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106523,8829],{"class":67},[53,106525,2862],{"class":71},[53,106527,579],{"class":75},[53,106529,2862],{"class":71},[53,106531,81],{"class":67},[53,106533,2857],{"class":71},[53,106535,596],{"class":75},[53,106537,2862],{"class":71},[53,106539,8860],{"class":67},[20,106541,11234],{},[173,106543,106544,106550,106554,106559],{},[176,106545,106546,106549],{},[15,106547,106548],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[176,106551,106552,106549],{},[15,106553,106495],{},[176,106555,106556,106558],{},[15,106557,102177],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[176,106560,106561,106562],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106563,106510],{},[39,106565,664,106567,100544],{"id":106566},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106568,102177],{},[20,106570,106571,106572,37],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106573,102177],{},[20,106575,106576,106577,106579],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106578,3275],{}," inputs will be kept.",[44,106581,106583],{"className":46,"code":106582,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106584,106585,106609,106633,106653,106657,106679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106586,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106588,2112],{"class":59},[53,106590,64],{"class":63},[53,106592,10041],{"class":67},[53,106594,517],{"class":333},[53,106596,81],{"class":67},[53,106598,790],{"class":333},[53,106600,81],{"class":67},[53,106602,1269],{"class":333},[53,106604,81],{"class":67},[53,106606,826],{"class":333},[53,106608,8860],{"class":67},[53,106610,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106612,2140],{"class":59},[53,106614,64],{"class":63},[53,106616,10041],{"class":67},[53,106618,525],{"class":333},[53,106620,81],{"class":67},[53,106622,1269],{"class":333},[53,106624,81],{"class":67},[53,106626,826],{"class":333},[53,106628,81],{"class":67},[53,106630,4162],{"class":333},[53,106632,8860],{"class":67},[53,106634,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106636,82569],{"class":59},[53,106638,64],{"class":63},[53,106640,10041],{"class":67},[53,106642,882],{"class":333},[53,106644,81],{"class":67},[53,106646,826],{"class":333},[53,106648,81],{"class":67},[53,106650,37187],{"class":333},[53,106652,8860],{"class":67},[53,106654,106655],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106656,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106658,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106660,351],{"class":59},[53,106662,64],{"class":63},[53,106664,56423],{"class":59},[53,106666,37],{"class":67},[53,106668,106029],{"class":117},[53,106670,121],{"class":67},[53,106672,704],{"class":117},[53,106674,81],{"class":67},[53,106676,9233],{"class":117},[53,106678,130],{"class":67},[53,106680,106681,106683,106685,106687],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,106682,137],{"class":136},[53,106684,121],{"class":67},[53,106686,383],{"class":117},[53,106688,130],{"class":67},[20,106690,388],{},[44,106692,106693],{"className":46,"code":106233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,106694,106695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106696,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106698,8829],{"class":67},[53,106700,882],{"class":333},[53,106702,81],{"class":67},[53,106704,826],{"class":333},[53,106706,8860],{"class":67},[20,106708,106709],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106711,106712],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[44,106714,106716],{"className":46,"code":106715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106717,106718,106742,106746,106786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106719,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106721,2112],{"class":59},[53,106723,64],{"class":63},[53,106725,10041],{"class":67},[53,106727,517],{"class":333},[53,106729,81],{"class":67},[53,106731,790],{"class":333},[53,106733,81],{"class":67},[53,106735,1269],{"class":333},[53,106737,81],{"class":67},[53,106739,826],{"class":333},[53,106741,8860],{"class":67},[53,106743,106744],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106745,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106747,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106749,351],{"class":59},[53,106751,64],{"class":63},[53,106753,56423],{"class":59},[53,106755,37],{"class":67},[53,106757,106029],{"class":117},[53,106759,2546],{"class":67},[53,106761,525],{"class":333},[53,106763,81],{"class":67},[53,106765,826],{"class":333},[53,106767,81],{"class":67},[53,106769,37187],{"class":333},[53,106771,17609],{"class":67},[53,106773,8787],{"class":67},[53,106775,517],{"class":333},[53,106777,81],{"class":67},[53,106779,790],{"class":333},[53,106781,81],{"class":67},[53,106783,826],{"class":333},[53,106785,628],{"class":67},[53,106787,106788,106790,106792,106794],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106789,137],{"class":136},[53,106791,121],{"class":67},[53,106793,383],{"class":117},[53,106795,130],{"class":67},[20,106797,388],{},[44,106799,106801],{"className":46,"code":106800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106802,106803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106804,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106806,8829],{"class":67},[53,106808,525],{"class":333},[53,106810,81],{"class":67},[53,106812,826],{"class":333},[53,106814,8860],{"class":67},[39,106816,106818,10136,106820],{"id":106817},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106819,102177],{},[15,106821,106822],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106824,100714],{},[1418,106826,106827],{"id":106029},[15,106828,102177],{},[173,106830,106831,106833],{},[176,106832,100723],{},[176,106834,100726],{},[44,106836,106838],{"className":46,"code":106837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106839,106840,106860,106880,106884,106902,106906,106916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106841,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106843,2112],{"class":59},[53,106845,64],{"class":63},[53,106847,10041],{"class":67},[53,106849,517],{"class":333},[53,106851,81],{"class":67},[53,106853,790],{"class":333},[53,106855,81],{"class":67},[53,106857,1269],{"class":333},[53,106859,8860],{"class":67},[53,106861,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106863,2140],{"class":59},[53,106865,64],{"class":63},[53,106867,10041],{"class":67},[53,106869,525],{"class":333},[53,106871,81],{"class":67},[53,106873,1269],{"class":333},[53,106875,81],{"class":67},[53,106877,826],{"class":333},[53,106879,8860],{"class":67},[53,106881,106882],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,106883,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106885,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,106887,351],{"class":59},[53,106889,64],{"class":63},[53,106891,56423],{"class":59},[53,106893,37],{"class":67},[53,106895,106029],{"class":117},[53,106897,121],{"class":67},[53,106899,704],{"class":117},[53,106901,130],{"class":67},[53,106903,106904],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,106905,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,106907,106908,106910,106912,106914],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,106909,137],{"class":136},[53,106911,121],{"class":67},[53,106913,195],{"class":117},[53,106915,130],{"class":67},[53,106917,106918,106920,106922,106924],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,106919,137],{"class":136},[53,106921,121],{"class":67},[53,106923,383],{"class":117},[53,106925,130],{"class":67},[20,106927,388],{},[44,106929,106931],{"className":46,"code":106930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106932,106933,106949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106936,8829],{"class":67},[53,106938,517],{"class":333},[53,106940,81],{"class":67},[53,106942,790],{"class":333},[53,106944,81],{"class":67},[53,106946,1269],{"class":333},[53,106948,8860],{"class":67},[53,106950,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106952,8829],{"class":67},[53,106954,525],{"class":333},[53,106956,81],{"class":67},[53,106958,1269],{"class":333},[53,106960,8860],{"class":67},[1418,106962,106964],{"id":106963},"intersection_update",[15,106965,106822],{},[173,106967,106968,106970],{},[176,106969,100866],{},[176,106971,106972],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[44,106974,106976],{"className":46,"code":106975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106977,106978,106998,107018,107022,107036,107040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106979,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106981,2112],{"class":59},[53,106983,64],{"class":63},[53,106985,10041],{"class":67},[53,106987,517],{"class":333},[53,106989,81],{"class":67},[53,106991,790],{"class":333},[53,106993,81],{"class":67},[53,106995,1269],{"class":333},[53,106997,8860],{"class":67},[53,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107001,2140],{"class":59},[53,107003,64],{"class":63},[53,107005,10041],{"class":67},[53,107007,525],{"class":333},[53,107009,81],{"class":67},[53,107011,1269],{"class":333},[53,107013,81],{"class":67},[53,107015,826],{"class":333},[53,107017,8860],{"class":67},[53,107019,107020],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107021,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107025,195],{"class":59},[53,107027,37],{"class":67},[53,107029,106963],{"class":117},[53,107031,121],{"class":67},[53,107033,704],{"class":117},[53,107035,130],{"class":67},[53,107037,107038],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,107039,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,107043,137],{"class":136},[53,107045,121],{"class":67},[53,107047,195],{"class":117},[53,107049,130],{"class":67},[20,107051,388],{},[44,107053,107055],{"className":46,"code":107054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107056,107057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107060,8829],{"class":67},[53,107062,525],{"class":333},[53,107064,81],{"class":67},[53,107066,1269],{"class":333},[53,107068,8860],{"class":67},[20,107070,107071,107072,107074],{},"Choose ",[15,107073,102177],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[39,107076,1129],{"id":1128},[20,107078,14284,107079,171],{},[15,107080,102177],{},[173,107082,107083,107086,107089,107092],{},[176,107084,107085],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[176,107087,107088],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[176,107090,107091],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[176,107093,107094,107095],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107096,102177],{},[20,107098,107099],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[173,107101,107102,107107,107110,107123],{},[176,107103,664,107104,107106],{},[15,107105,102177],{}," when order matters",[176,107108,107109],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[176,107111,36747,107112,8254,107114,2438,107119],{},[15,107113,102177],{},[195,107115,107117],{"href":107116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107118,102185],{},[195,107120,107121],{"href":102226},[15,107122,99800],{},[176,107124,107125],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107127,29680],{},[44,107129,107131],{"className":46,"code":107130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107132,107133,107143,107157,107175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107134,107135,107137,107139,107141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107136,137],{"class":136},[53,107138,121],{"class":67},[53,107140,15218],{"class":117},[53,107142,130],{"class":67},[53,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107146,137],{"class":136},[53,107148,121],{"class":67},[53,107150,1321],{"class":1320},[53,107152,121],{"class":67},[53,107154,383],{"class":117},[53,107156,628],{"class":67},[53,107158,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107160,137],{"class":136},[53,107162,121],{"class":67},[53,107164,99971],{"class":117},[53,107166,37],{"class":67},[53,107168,106029],{"class":117},[53,107170,121],{"class":67},[53,107172,99980],{"class":117},[53,107174,628],{"class":67},[53,107176,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107178,137],{"class":136},[53,107180,121],{"class":67},[53,107182,10711],{"class":136},[53,107184,121],{"class":67},[53,107186,383],{"class":117},[53,107188,628],{"class":67},[20,107190,316],{},[44,107192,107194],{"className":46,"code":107193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107195,107196,107220,107240,107244,107262,107266,107276,107286,107300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107197,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107199,326],{"class":59},[53,107201,64],{"class":63},[53,107203,10041],{"class":67},[53,107205,517],{"class":333},[53,107207,81],{"class":67},[53,107209,790],{"class":333},[53,107211,81],{"class":67},[53,107213,790],{"class":333},[53,107215,81],{"class":67},[53,107217,1269],{"class":333},[53,107219,8860],{"class":67},[53,107221,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107223,43092],{"class":59},[53,107225,64],{"class":63},[53,107227,10041],{"class":67},[53,107229,525],{"class":333},[53,107231,81],{"class":67},[53,107233,1269],{"class":333},[53,107235,81],{"class":67},[53,107237,826],{"class":333},[53,107239,8860],{"class":67},[53,107241,107242],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107243,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107245,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107247,351],{"class":59},[53,107249,64],{"class":63},[53,107251,356],{"class":59},[53,107253,37],{"class":67},[53,107255,106029],{"class":117},[53,107257,121],{"class":67},[53,107259,30287],{"class":117},[53,107261,130],{"class":67},[53,107263,107264],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,107265,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107267,107268,107270,107272,107274],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,107269,137],{"class":136},[53,107271,121],{"class":67},[53,107273,3209],{"class":117},[53,107275,130],{"class":67},[53,107277,107278,107280,107282,107284],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,107279,137],{"class":136},[53,107281,121],{"class":67},[53,107283,383],{"class":117},[53,107285,130],{"class":67},[53,107287,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,107289,137],{"class":136},[53,107291,121],{"class":67},[53,107293,1321],{"class":1320},[53,107295,121],{"class":67},[53,107297,383],{"class":117},[53,107299,628],{"class":67},[53,107301,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,107303,137],{"class":136},[53,107305,121],{"class":67},[53,107307,10711],{"class":136},[53,107309,121],{"class":67},[53,107311,383],{"class":117},[53,107313,628],{"class":67},[20,107315,388],{},[44,107317,107319],{"className":46,"code":107318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107320,107321,107337,107349,107363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107322,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107324,8829],{"class":67},[53,107326,517],{"class":333},[53,107328,81],{"class":67},[53,107330,790],{"class":333},[53,107332,81],{"class":67},[53,107334,1269],{"class":333},[53,107336,8860],{"class":67},[53,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107340,8829],{"class":67},[53,107342,525],{"class":333},[53,107344,81],{"class":67},[53,107346,1269],{"class":333},[53,107348,8860],{"class":67},[53,107350,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107352,2851],{"class":63},[53,107354,2854],{"class":1627},[53,107356,2857],{"class":71},[53,107358,5839],{"class":75},[53,107360,2862],{"class":71},[53,107362,2865],{"class":63},[53,107364,107365],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107366,490],{"class":333},[20,107368,107369,107370,107372],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107371,525],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,107374,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,107376,1431,107378,102125],{"id":107377},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107379,102177],{},[20,107381,102128],{},[1418,107383,1446,107385,107387],{"id":107384},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107386,102177],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107389,107390],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1418,107392,107394],{"id":107393},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107396,107397],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1418,107399,107401],{"id":107400},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107403,107404],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[44,107406,107407],{"className":46,"code":96844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,107408,107409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107410,107411,107413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107412,5839],{"class":1320},[53,107414,8192],{"class":67},[39,107416,1471],{"id":1470},[173,107418,107419,107423,107430,107436],{},[176,107420,107421],{},[195,107422,95714],{"href":95713},[176,107424,107425],{},[195,107426,3138,107427,660],{"href":107116},[15,107428,107429],{},"set.union()",[176,107431,107432],{},[195,107433,3138,107434,660],{"href":102226},[15,107435,99805],{},[176,107437,107438],{},[195,107439,99730],{"href":104729},[1494,107441,107442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":107444},[107445,107447,107448,107449,107450,107452,107457,107458,107466],{"id":106058,"depth":104,"text":107446},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":106566,"depth":104,"text":107451},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106817,"depth":104,"text":107453,"children":107454},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107455,107456],{"id":106029,"depth":133,"text":102177},{"id":106963,"depth":133,"text":106822},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":107459},[107460,107462,107464,107465],{"id":107377,"depth":133,"text":107461},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107384,"depth":133,"text":107463},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107393,"depth":133,"text":107394},{"id":107400,"depth":133,"text":107401},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105951,"description":107467},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107474,"title":107475,"body":107476,"description":108712,"extension":1524,"meta":108713,"navigation":372,"path":108714,"seo":108715,"stem":108716,"__hash__":108717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107477,"toc":108679},[107478,107483,107489,107498,107500,107575,107580,107595,107605,107610,107614,107627,107631,107633,107648,107650,107666,107668,107743,107747,107750,107752,107769,107774,107829,107834,107846,107850,107853,107954,107956,107997,108000,108004,108011,108013,108038,108041,108059,108066,108072,108075,108157,108164,108167,108247,108256,108259,108264,108268,108282,108331,108336,108340,108351,108400,108411,108416,108420,108432,108481,108492,108494,108498,108521,108523,108580,108582,108596,108598,108604,108610,108616,108625,108629,108636,108640,108648,108650,108676],[10,107479,95586,107481,18],{"id":107480},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107482,12314],{},[20,107484,107485,107488],{},[15,107486,107487],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107490,107491,107492,107494,107495,107497],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,107493,1112],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107496,12314],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[39,107499,1566],{"id":1565},[44,107501,107503],{"className":46,"code":107502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107504,107505,107537,107551,107555,107565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107506,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107508,60],{"class":59},[53,107510,64],{"class":63},[53,107512,10041],{"class":67},[53,107514,72],{"class":71},[53,107516,76],{"class":75},[53,107518,72],{"class":71},[53,107520,81],{"class":67},[53,107522,84],{"class":71},[53,107524,87],{"class":75},[53,107526,72],{"class":71},[53,107528,81],{"class":67},[53,107530,84],{"class":71},[53,107532,96],{"class":75},[53,107534,72],{"class":71},[53,107536,8860],{"class":67},[53,107538,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107540,69317],{"class":59},[53,107542,64],{"class":63},[53,107544,112],{"class":59},[53,107546,37],{"class":67},[53,107548,25786],{"class":117},[53,107550,8192],{"class":67},[53,107552,107553],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107554,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107556,107557,107559,107561,107563],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107558,137],{"class":136},[53,107560,121],{"class":67},[53,107562,69340],{"class":117},[53,107564,130],{"class":67},[53,107566,107567,107569,107571,107573],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,107568,137],{"class":136},[53,107570,121],{"class":67},[53,107572,956],{"class":117},[53,107574,130],{"class":67},[20,107576,107577],{},[30,107578,107579],{},"What this does:",[173,107581,107582,107587,107592],{},[176,107583,107584,107585],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107586,956],{},[176,107588,107589,107590],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107591,69340],{},[176,107593,107594],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107596,107597,88346,107599,107601,107602,107604],{},[30,107598,83204],{},[15,107600,107487],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,107603,1112],{}," chosen by index.",[39,107606,163,107608,166],{"id":107607},"what-setpop-does",[15,107609,107487],{},[20,107611,107612,171],{},[15,107613,107487],{},[173,107615,107616,107618,107621,107624],{},[176,107617,102428],{},[176,107619,107620],{},"Returns the removed item",[176,107622,107623],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[176,107625,107626],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107628,95710,107629,37],{},[195,107630,95714],{"href":96885},[39,107632,202],{"id":201},[44,107634,107636],{"className":46,"code":107635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107637,107638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107639,107640,107642,107644,107646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107641,15218],{"class":59},[53,107643,37],{"class":67},[53,107645,25786],{"class":117},[53,107647,8192],{"class":67},[20,107649,12604],{},[173,107651,107652,107658,107663],{},[176,107653,107654,107655],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107656,107657],{},"my_set.pop()",[176,107659,107660,107661],{},"It takes ",[30,107662,28232],{},[176,107664,107665],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107667,316],{},[44,107669,107671],{"className":46,"code":107670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107672,107673,107705,107719,107723,107733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107674,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701,107703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107676,561],{"class":59},[53,107678,64],{"class":63},[53,107680,10041],{"class":67},[53,107682,72],{"class":71},[53,107684,570],{"class":75},[53,107686,72],{"class":71},[53,107688,81],{"class":67},[53,107690,84],{"class":71},[53,107692,579],{"class":75},[53,107694,72],{"class":71},[53,107696,81],{"class":67},[53,107698,84],{"class":71},[53,107700,596],{"class":75},[53,107702,72],{"class":71},[53,107704,8860],{"class":67},[53,107706,107707,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107708,28082],{"class":59},[53,107710,64],{"class":63},[53,107712,12673],{"class":59},[53,107714,37],{"class":67},[53,107716,25786],{"class":117},[53,107718,8192],{"class":67},[53,107720,107721],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107722,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107724,107725,107727,107729,107731],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107726,137],{"class":136},[53,107728,121],{"class":67},[53,107730,22856],{"class":117},[53,107732,130],{"class":67},[53,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,107736,137],{"class":136},[53,107738,121],{"class":67},[53,107740,613],{"class":117},[53,107742,130],{"class":67},[39,107744,107746],{"id":107745},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107748,107749],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107751,1669],{},[173,107753,107754,107760,107763],{},[176,107755,107756,107757,107759],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107758,12314],{}," removes",[176,107761,107762],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[176,107764,107765,107766,107768],{},"You should not use ",[15,107767,12314],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107770,10011,107771,107773],{},[30,107772,1112],{}," valid:",[44,107775,107777],{"className":46,"code":107776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107778,107779,107811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107780,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107782,420],{"class":59},[53,107784,64],{"class":63},[53,107786,10041],{"class":67},[53,107788,72],{"class":71},[53,107790,76],{"class":75},[53,107792,72],{"class":71},[53,107794,81],{"class":67},[53,107796,84],{"class":71},[53,107798,87],{"class":75},[53,107800,72],{"class":71},[53,107802,81],{"class":67},[53,107804,84],{"class":71},[53,107806,96],{"class":75},[53,107808,72],{"class":71},[53,107810,8860],{"class":67},[53,107812,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107814,35833],{"class":59},[53,107816,37],{"class":67},[53,107818,25786],{"class":117},[53,107820,121],{"class":67},[53,107822,72],{"class":71},[53,107824,76],{"class":75},[53,107826,72],{"class":71},[53,107828,130],{"class":67},[20,107830,974,107831,107833],{},[15,107832,107487],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107835,107836,107837,2438,107841,37],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[195,107838,107839],{"href":97595},[15,107840,102254],{},[195,107842,107844],{"href":107843},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,107845,102245],{},[39,107847,107849],{"id":107848},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107851,107852],{},"Here is a simple example:",[44,107854,107856],{"className":46,"code":107855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107857,107858,107892,107896,107912,107916,107935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107859,107860,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107888,107890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107861,107862],{"class":59},"animals ",[53,107864,64],{"class":63},[53,107866,10041],{"class":67},[53,107868,72],{"class":71},[53,107870,36590],{"class":75},[53,107872,72],{"class":71},[53,107874,81],{"class":67},[53,107876,84],{"class":71},[53,107878,57661],{"class":75},[53,107880,72],{"class":71},[53,107882,81],{"class":67},[53,107884,84],{"class":71},[53,107886,107887],{"class":75},"rabbit",[53,107889,72],{"class":71},[53,107891,8860],{"class":67},[53,107893,107894],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107895,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107897,107898,107901,107903,107906,107908,107910],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,107899,107900],{"class":59},"removed_animal ",[53,107902,64],{"class":63},[53,107904,107905],{"class":59}," animals",[53,107907,37],{"class":67},[53,107909,25786],{"class":117},[53,107911,8192],{"class":67},[53,107913,107914],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,107915,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,107917,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107933],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,107919,137],{"class":136},[53,107921,121],{"class":67},[53,107923,72],{"class":71},[53,107925,28500],{"class":75},[53,107927,72],{"class":71},[53,107929,81],{"class":67},[53,107931,107932],{"class":117}," removed_animal",[53,107934,130],{"class":67},[53,107936,107937,107939,107941,107943,107946,107948,107950,107952],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,107938,137],{"class":136},[53,107940,121],{"class":67},[53,107942,72],{"class":71},[53,107944,107945],{"class":75},"Updated set:",[53,107947,72],{"class":71},[53,107949,81],{"class":67},[53,107951,107905],{"class":117},[53,107953,130],{"class":67},[20,107955,29574],{},[44,107957,107959],{"className":46,"code":107958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107960,107961,107970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107962,107963,107965,107967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107964,28542],{"class":59},[53,107966,171],{"class":67},[53,107968,107969],{"class":59}," dog\n",[53,107971,107972,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107973,107974],{"class":59},"Updated ",[53,107976,5839],{"class":1320},[53,107978,171],{"class":67},[53,107980,10041],{"class":67},[53,107982,2862],{"class":71},[53,107984,36590],{"class":75},[53,107986,2862],{"class":71},[53,107988,81],{"class":67},[53,107990,2857],{"class":71},[53,107992,107887],{"class":75},[53,107994,2862],{"class":71},[53,107996,8860],{"class":67},[20,107998,107999],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[39,108001,108003],{"id":108002},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108005,29194,108006,108008,108009,37],{},[15,108007,12314],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108010,19234],{},[20,108012,316],{},[44,108014,108016],{"className":46,"code":108015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108017,108018,108028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108019,108020,108022,108024,108026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108021,60],{"class":59},[53,108023,64],{"class":63},[53,108025,15185],{"class":1320},[53,108027,8192],{"class":67},[53,108029,108030,108032,108034,108036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108031,956],{"class":59},[53,108033,37],{"class":67},[53,108035,25786],{"class":117},[53,108037,8192],{"class":67},[20,108039,108040],{},"This raises:",[44,108042,108044],{"className":46,"code":108043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108045,108046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108047,108048,108050,108052,108054,108057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108049,19234],{"class":1320},[53,108051,171],{"class":67},[53,108053,2857],{"class":71},[53,108055,108056],{"class":75},"pop from an empty set",[53,108058,29244],{"class":71},[20,108060,108061,108062,108065],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[195,108063,108064],{"href":10624},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1418,108067,108069,108070],{"id":108068},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108071,12314],{},[20,108073,108074],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[44,108076,108078],{"className":46,"code":108077,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108079,108080,108090,108094,108102,108117,108136,108142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108081,108082,108084,108086,108088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108083,60],{"class":59},[53,108085,64],{"class":63},[53,108087,15185],{"class":1320},[53,108089,8192],{"class":67},[53,108091,108092],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108093,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,108095,108096,108098,108100],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108097,1042],{"class":1041},[53,108099,112],{"class":59},[53,108101,1053],{"class":67},[53,108103,108104,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,108105,108106],{"class":59},"    removed ",[53,108108,64],{"class":63},[53,108110,112],{"class":59},[53,108112,37],{"class":67},[53,108114,25786],{"class":117},[53,108116,8192],{"class":67},[53,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108134],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,108120,1058],{"class":136},[53,108122,121],{"class":67},[53,108124,72],{"class":71},[53,108126,28500],{"class":75},[53,108128,72],{"class":71},[53,108130,81],{"class":67},[53,108132,108133],{"class":117}," removed",[53,108135,130],{"class":67},[53,108137,108138,108140],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,108139,1079],{"class":1041},[53,108141,1053],{"class":67},[53,108143,108144,108146,108148,108150,108153,108155],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,108145,1058],{"class":136},[53,108147,121],{"class":67},[53,108149,72],{"class":71},[53,108151,108152],{"class":75},"The set is empty.",[53,108154,72],{"class":71},[53,108156,130],{"class":67},[1418,108158,152,108160,667,108162],{"id":108159},"use-try-and-except",[15,108161,29348],{},[15,108163,29379],{},[20,108165,108166],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[44,108168,108170],{"className":46,"code":108169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108171,108172,108182,108186,108192,108206,108224,108232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108173,108174,108176,108178,108180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108175,60],{"class":59},[53,108177,64],{"class":63},[53,108179,15185],{"class":1320},[53,108181,8192],{"class":67},[53,108183,108184],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108185,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,108187,108188,108190],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108189,29348],{"class":1041},[53,108191,1053],{"class":67},[53,108193,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,108195,108106],{"class":59},[53,108197,64],{"class":63},[53,108199,112],{"class":59},[53,108201,37],{"class":67},[53,108203,25786],{"class":117},[53,108205,8192],{"class":67},[53,108207,108208,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220,108222],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,108209,1058],{"class":136},[53,108211,121],{"class":67},[53,108213,72],{"class":71},[53,108215,28500],{"class":75},[53,108217,72],{"class":71},[53,108219,81],{"class":67},[53,108221,108133],{"class":117},[53,108223,130],{"class":67},[53,108225,108226,108228,108230],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,108227,29379],{"class":1041},[53,108229,29382],{"class":1320},[53,108231,1053],{"class":67},[53,108233,108234,108236,108238,108240,108243,108245],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,108235,1058],{"class":136},[53,108237,121],{"class":67},[53,108239,72],{"class":71},[53,108241,108242],{"class":75},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[53,108244,72],{"class":71},[53,108246,130],{"class":67},[39,108248,1391,108250,10136,108252,10136,108254],{"id":108249},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108251,12314],{},[15,108253,55064],{},[15,108255,102240],{},[20,108257,108258],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1418,108260,152,108262],{"id":108261},"use-pop",[15,108263,12314],{},[20,108265,152,108266,1398],{},[15,108267,12314],{},[173,108269,108270,108276,108279],{},[176,108271,108272,108273],{},"You want to remove ",[30,108274,108275],{},"any one item",[176,108277,108278],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[176,108280,108281],{},"You want the removed item returned",[44,108283,108285],{"className":46,"code":108284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108286,108287,108307,108321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108288,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108290,326],{"class":59},[53,108292,64],{"class":63},[53,108294,10041],{"class":67},[53,108296,517],{"class":333},[53,108298,81],{"class":67},[53,108300,790],{"class":333},[53,108302,81],{"class":67},[53,108304,1269],{"class":333},[53,108306,8860],{"class":67},[53,108308,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108310,2006],{"class":59},[53,108312,64],{"class":63},[53,108314,356],{"class":59},[53,108316,37],{"class":67},[53,108318,25786],{"class":117},[53,108320,8192],{"class":67},[53,108322,108323,108325,108327,108329],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108324,137],{"class":136},[53,108326,121],{"class":67},[53,108328,224],{"class":117},[53,108330,130],{"class":67},[1418,108332,152,108334],{"id":108333},"use-remove",[15,108335,55064],{},[20,108337,152,108338,1398],{},[15,108339,55064],{},[173,108341,108342,108348],{},[176,108343,108344,108345],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,108346,108347],{},"specific item",[176,108349,108350],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[44,108352,108354],{"className":46,"code":108353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108355,108356,108376,108390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108357,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108359,326],{"class":59},[53,108361,64],{"class":63},[53,108363,10041],{"class":67},[53,108365,517],{"class":333},[53,108367,81],{"class":67},[53,108369,790],{"class":333},[53,108371,81],{"class":67},[53,108373,1269],{"class":333},[53,108375,8860],{"class":67},[53,108377,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108379,3209],{"class":59},[53,108381,37],{"class":67},[53,108383,34340],{"class":117},[53,108385,121],{"class":67},[53,108387,525],{"class":333},[53,108389,130],{"class":67},[53,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108393,137],{"class":136},[53,108395,121],{"class":67},[53,108397,3209],{"class":117},[53,108399,130],{"class":67},[20,108401,108402,108403,108405,108406,108410],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108404,55064],{}," raises an error. See the ",[195,108407,108408,660],{"href":97595},[15,108409,102254],{}," for details.",[1418,108412,152,108414],{"id":108413},"use-discard",[15,108415,102240],{},[20,108417,152,108418,1398],{},[15,108419,102240],{},[173,108421,108422,108426],{},[176,108423,108344,108424],{},[30,108425,108347],{},[176,108427,108428,108429,108431],{},"You do ",[30,108430,1112],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[44,108433,108435],{"className":46,"code":108434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108436,108437,108457,108471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108438,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451,108453,108455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108440,326],{"class":59},[53,108442,64],{"class":63},[53,108444,10041],{"class":67},[53,108446,517],{"class":333},[53,108448,81],{"class":67},[53,108450,790],{"class":333},[53,108452,81],{"class":67},[53,108454,1269],{"class":333},[53,108456,8860],{"class":67},[53,108458,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108460,3209],{"class":59},[53,108462,37],{"class":67},[53,108464,102307],{"class":117},[53,108466,121],{"class":67},[53,108468,1698],{"class":333},[53,108470,130],{"class":67},[53,108472,108473,108475,108477,108479],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108474,137],{"class":136},[53,108476,121],{"class":67},[53,108478,3209],{"class":117},[53,108480,130],{"class":67},[20,108482,108483,108484,108486,108487,108491],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108485,1698],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[195,108488,108489,660],{"href":107843},[15,108490,102245],{}," for more examples.",[39,108493,2389],{"id":2388},[20,108495,70863,108496,171],{},[15,108497,107487],{},[173,108499,108500,108506,108511,108516],{},[176,108501,108502,108503],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108504,108505],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[176,108507,8001,108508,108510],{},[15,108509,12314],{}," to remove the first or last item",[176,108512,29194,108513,108515],{},[15,108514,12314],{}," on an empty set",[176,108517,664,108518,108520],{},[15,108519,12314],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108522,61827],{},[44,108524,108526],{"className":46,"code":108525,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108527,108528,108538,108552,108566],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108529,108530,108532,108534,108536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108531,137],{"class":136},[53,108533,121],{"class":67},[53,108535,15218],{"class":117},[53,108537,130],{"class":67},[53,108539,108540,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108541,137],{"class":136},[53,108543,121],{"class":67},[53,108545,10711],{"class":136},[53,108547,121],{"class":67},[53,108549,15218],{"class":117},[53,108551,628],{"class":67},[53,108553,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108555,137],{"class":136},[53,108557,121],{"class":67},[53,108559,1321],{"class":1320},[53,108561,121],{"class":67},[53,108563,15218],{"class":117},[53,108565,628],{"class":67},[53,108567,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,108569,28082],{"class":59},[53,108571,64],{"class":63},[53,108573,96310],{"class":59},[53,108575,37],{"class":67},[53,108577,25786],{"class":117},[53,108579,8192],{"class":67},[20,108581,25553],{},[173,108583,108584,108587,108590,108593],{},[176,108585,108586],{},"What values are in the set",[176,108588,108589],{},"Whether the set is empty",[176,108591,108592],{},"That the object is really a set",[176,108594,108595],{},"What value was actually removed",[39,108597,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,108599,1431,108601,108603],{"id":108600},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108602,107487],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108605,108606,108607,108609],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108608,12314],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1418,108611,108613,108614,1459],{"id":108612},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108615,107487],{},[20,108617,108618,108619,108621,108622,108624],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108620,12314],{},", set ",[15,108623,12314],{}," does not accept an index.",[1418,108626,108628],{"id":108627},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108630,71032,108631,44173,108633,108635],{},[15,108632,19234],{},[15,108634,12314],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1418,108637,108639],{"id":108638},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108641,152,108642,2438,108644,1175,108646,37],{},[15,108643,55064],{},[15,108645,102240],{},[15,108647,12314],{},[39,108649,1471],{"id":1470},[173,108651,108652,108656,108662,108668,108672],{},[176,108653,108654],{},[195,108655,95714],{"href":96885},[176,108657,108658],{},[195,108659,96200,108660,660],{"href":97595},[15,108661,55064],{},[176,108663,108664],{},[195,108665,96200,108666,660],{"href":107843},[15,108667,102240],{},[176,108669,108670],{},[195,108671,10812],{"href":10624},[176,108673,108674],{},[195,108675,55051],{"href":54603},[1494,108677,108678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":108680},[108681,108682,108684,108685,108686,108687,108693,108702,108703,108711],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":107607,"depth":104,"text":108683},"What set.pop() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":107745,"depth":104,"text":107746},{"id":107848,"depth":104,"text":107849},{"id":108002,"depth":104,"text":108003,"children":108688},[108689,108691],{"id":108068,"depth":133,"text":108690},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108159,"depth":133,"text":108692},"Use try and except",{"id":108249,"depth":104,"text":108694,"children":108695},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108696,108698,108700],{"id":108261,"depth":133,"text":108697},"Use pop()",{"id":108333,"depth":133,"text":108699},"Use remove()",{"id":108413,"depth":133,"text":108701},"Use discard()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":108704},[108705,108707,108709,108710],{"id":108600,"depth":133,"text":108706},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108612,"depth":133,"text":108708},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108627,"depth":133,"text":108628},{"id":108638,"depth":133,"text":108639},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107475,"description":108712},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108719,"title":108720,"body":108721,"description":109875,"extension":1524,"meta":109876,"navigation":372,"path":109877,"seo":109878,"stem":109879,"__hash__":109880},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108722,"toc":109843},[108723,108728,108733,108742,108744,108809,108813,108837,108844,108849,108853,108868,108871,108873,108892,108906,108909,108957,108961,108977,108979,109052,109056,109081,109087,109095,109099,109106,109161,109166,109183,109189,109195,109200,109208,109215,109219,109227,109282,109284,109301,109305,109312,109377,109381,109414,109416,109428,109435,109437,109442,109449,109451,109520,109524,109532,109534,109598,109602,109607,109654,109659,109727,109735,109742,109745,109751,109756,109760,109762,109765,109767,109772,109777,109783,109788,109795,109803,109809,109812,109814,109840],[10,108724,95586,108726,18],{"id":108725},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108727,55064],{},[20,108729,108730,108732],{},[15,108731,102254],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108734,108735,108736,108739,108740,37],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,108737,108738],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108741,19234],{},[39,108743,1566],{"id":1565},[44,108745,108747],{"className":46,"code":108746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108748,108749,108781,108799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108750,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108752,561],{"class":59},[53,108754,64],{"class":63},[53,108756,10041],{"class":67},[53,108758,72],{"class":71},[53,108760,570],{"class":75},[53,108762,72],{"class":71},[53,108764,81],{"class":67},[53,108766,84],{"class":71},[53,108768,579],{"class":75},[53,108770,72],{"class":71},[53,108772,81],{"class":67},[53,108774,84],{"class":71},[53,108776,596],{"class":75},[53,108778,72],{"class":71},[53,108780,8860],{"class":67},[53,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108784,613],{"class":59},[53,108786,37],{"class":67},[53,108788,34340],{"class":117},[53,108790,121],{"class":67},[53,108792,72],{"class":71},[53,108794,579],{"class":75},[53,108796,72],{"class":71},[53,108798,130],{"class":67},[53,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108802,137],{"class":136},[53,108804,121],{"class":67},[53,108806,613],{"class":117},[53,108808,130],{"class":67},[20,108810,108811],{},[30,108812,29574],{},[44,108814,108815],{"className":46,"code":102934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108816,108817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108818,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108820,8829],{"class":67},[53,108822,2862],{"class":71},[53,108824,570],{"class":75},[53,108826,2862],{"class":71},[53,108828,81],{"class":67},[53,108830,2857],{"class":71},[53,108832,596],{"class":75},[53,108834,2862],{"class":71},[53,108836,8860],{"class":67},[20,108838,152,108839,108841,108842,37],{},[15,108840,55064],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108843,19234],{},[39,108845,163,108847,166],{"id":108846},"what-setremove-does",[15,108848,102254],{},[20,108850,108851,171],{},[15,108852,102254],{},[173,108854,108855,108858,108860,108862],{},[176,108856,108857],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[176,108859,95701],{},[176,108861,95704],{},[176,108863,108864,108865,108867],{},"Raises ",[15,108866,19234],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108869,108870],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[39,108872,202],{"id":201},[44,108874,108876],{"className":46,"code":108875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108877,108878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108879,108880,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108881,15218],{"class":59},[53,108883,37],{"class":67},[53,108885,34340],{"class":117},[53,108887,121],{"class":67},[53,108889,224],{"class":117},[53,108891,130],{"class":67},[173,108893,108894,108898,108903],{},[176,108895,108896,102476],{},[15,108897,15218],{},[176,108899,108900,108902],{},[15,108901,224],{}," is the item to remove",[176,108904,108905],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108907,108908],{},"Here is a small example:",[44,108910,108911],{"className":46,"code":108353,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108912,108913,108933,108947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108914,108915,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108916,326],{"class":59},[53,108918,64],{"class":63},[53,108920,10041],{"class":67},[53,108922,517],{"class":333},[53,108924,81],{"class":67},[53,108926,790],{"class":333},[53,108928,81],{"class":67},[53,108930,1269],{"class":333},[53,108932,8860],{"class":67},[53,108934,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108936,3209],{"class":59},[53,108938,37],{"class":67},[53,108940,34340],{"class":117},[53,108942,121],{"class":67},[53,108944,525],{"class":333},[53,108946,130],{"class":67},[53,108948,108949,108951,108953,108955],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,108950,137],{"class":136},[53,108952,121],{"class":67},[53,108954,3209],{"class":117},[53,108956,130],{"class":67},[20,108958,108959],{},[30,108960,29574],{},[44,108962,108963],{"className":46,"code":100684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108964,108965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108966,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108968,8829],{"class":67},[53,108970,517],{"class":333},[53,108972,81],{"class":67},[53,108974,1269],{"class":333},[53,108976,8860],{"class":67},[39,108978,11025],{"id":11024},[44,108980,108982],{"className":46,"code":108981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108983,108984,109016,109020,109038,109042],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108985,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012,109014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108987,420],{"class":59},[53,108989,64],{"class":63},[53,108991,10041],{"class":67},[53,108993,72],{"class":71},[53,108995,76],{"class":75},[53,108997,72],{"class":71},[53,108999,81],{"class":67},[53,109001,84],{"class":71},[53,109003,87],{"class":75},[53,109005,72],{"class":71},[53,109007,81],{"class":67},[53,109009,84],{"class":71},[53,109011,967],{"class":75},[53,109013,72],{"class":71},[53,109015,8860],{"class":67},[53,109017,109018],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109019,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,109021,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109023,35833],{"class":59},[53,109025,37],{"class":67},[53,109027,34340],{"class":117},[53,109029,121],{"class":67},[53,109031,72],{"class":71},[53,109033,87],{"class":75},[53,109035,72],{"class":71},[53,109037,130],{"class":67},[53,109039,109040],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,109041,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,109043,109044,109046,109048,109050],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,109045,137],{"class":136},[53,109047,121],{"class":67},[53,109049,35833],{"class":117},[53,109051,130],{"class":67},[20,109053,109054],{},[30,109055,29574],{},[44,109057,109059],{"className":46,"code":109058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109060,109061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109062,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109064,8829],{"class":67},[53,109066,2862],{"class":71},[53,109068,76],{"class":75},[53,109070,2862],{"class":71},[53,109072,81],{"class":67},[53,109074,2857],{"class":71},[53,109076,967],{"class":75},[53,109078,2862],{"class":71},[53,109080,8860],{"class":67},[20,109082,109083,109084,109086],{},"This removes ",[15,109085,514],{}," from the set.",[20,109088,109089,109090,109092,109093,37],{},"A set does ",[30,109091,1112],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[195,109094,95718],{"href":97269},[39,109096,109098],{"id":109097},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109100,109101,109102,52037,109104,37],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109103,55064],{},[15,109105,19234],{},[44,109107,109109],{"className":46,"code":109108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109110,109111,109143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109112,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109114,561],{"class":59},[53,109116,64],{"class":63},[53,109118,10041],{"class":67},[53,109120,72],{"class":71},[53,109122,570],{"class":75},[53,109124,72],{"class":71},[53,109126,81],{"class":67},[53,109128,84],{"class":71},[53,109130,579],{"class":75},[53,109132,72],{"class":71},[53,109134,81],{"class":67},[53,109136,84],{"class":71},[53,109138,596],{"class":75},[53,109140,72],{"class":71},[53,109142,8860],{"class":67},[53,109144,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109146,613],{"class":59},[53,109148,37],{"class":67},[53,109150,34340],{"class":117},[53,109152,121],{"class":67},[53,109154,72],{"class":71},[53,109156,22069],{"class":75},[53,109158,72],{"class":71},[53,109160,130],{"class":67},[20,109162,109163],{},[30,109164,109165],{},"Result:",[44,109167,109169],{"className":46,"code":109168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109170,109171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109172,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109174,19234],{"class":1320},[53,109176,171],{"class":67},[53,109178,2857],{"class":71},[53,109180,22069],{"class":75},[53,109182,29244],{"class":71},[20,109184,21734,109185,109188],{},[15,109186,109187],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109190,109191,109192,109194],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109193,55064],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109196,109197,109198,37],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[195,109199,10812],{"href":10624},[39,109201,3757,109203,109205,109206],{"id":109202},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109204,55064],{}," is different from ",[15,109207,102240],{},[20,109209,109210,667,109212,109214],{},[15,109211,55064],{},[15,109213,102240],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1418,109216,109217],{"id":34340},[15,109218,55064],{},[173,109220,109221,109224],{},[176,109222,109223],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[176,109225,109226],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[44,109228,109230],{"className":46,"code":109229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109231,109232,109264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109233,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109235,687],{"class":59},[53,109237,64],{"class":63},[53,109239,10041],{"class":67},[53,109241,72],{"class":71},[53,109243,195],{"class":75},[53,109245,72],{"class":71},[53,109247,81],{"class":67},[53,109249,84],{"class":71},[53,109251,704],{"class":75},[53,109253,72],{"class":71},[53,109255,81],{"class":67},[53,109257,84],{"class":71},[53,109259,713],{"class":75},[53,109261,72],{"class":71},[53,109263,8860],{"class":67},[53,109265,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109267,747],{"class":59},[53,109269,37],{"class":67},[53,109271,34340],{"class":117},[53,109273,121],{"class":67},[53,109275,72],{"class":71},[53,109277,730],{"class":75},[53,109279,72],{"class":71},[53,109281,130],{"class":67},[20,109283,108040],{},[44,109285,109287],{"className":46,"code":109286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109288,109289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109290,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109292,19234],{"class":1320},[53,109294,171],{"class":67},[53,109296,2857],{"class":71},[53,109298,730],{"class":75},[53,109300,29244],{"class":71},[1418,109302,109303],{"id":102307},[15,109304,102240],{},[173,109306,109307,109309],{},[176,109308,109223],{},[176,109310,109311],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[44,109313,109315],{"className":46,"code":109314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109316,109317,109349,109367],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109318,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109320,687],{"class":59},[53,109322,64],{"class":63},[53,109324,10041],{"class":67},[53,109326,72],{"class":71},[53,109328,195],{"class":75},[53,109330,72],{"class":71},[53,109332,81],{"class":67},[53,109334,84],{"class":71},[53,109336,704],{"class":75},[53,109338,72],{"class":71},[53,109340,81],{"class":67},[53,109342,84],{"class":71},[53,109344,713],{"class":75},[53,109346,72],{"class":71},[53,109348,8860],{"class":67},[53,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109352,747],{"class":59},[53,109354,37],{"class":67},[53,109356,102307],{"class":117},[53,109358,121],{"class":67},[53,109360,72],{"class":71},[53,109362,730],{"class":75},[53,109364,72],{"class":71},[53,109366,130],{"class":67},[53,109368,109369,109371,109373,109375],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109370,137],{"class":136},[53,109372,121],{"class":67},[53,109374,747],{"class":117},[53,109376,130],{"class":67},[20,109378,109379],{},[30,109380,388],{},[44,109382,109384],{"className":46,"code":109383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109385,109386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109387,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109389,8829],{"class":67},[53,109391,2862],{"class":71},[53,109393,195],{"class":75},[53,109395,2862],{"class":71},[53,109397,81],{"class":67},[53,109399,2857],{"class":71},[53,109401,704],{"class":75},[53,109403,2862],{"class":71},[53,109405,81],{"class":67},[53,109407,2857],{"class":71},[53,109409,713],{"class":75},[53,109411,2862],{"class":71},[53,109413,8860],{"class":67},[20,109415,18242],{},[173,109417,109418,109423],{},[176,109419,109420,109422],{},[15,109421,55064],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[176,109424,109425,109427],{},[15,109426,102240],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109429,109430,109431,37],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[195,109432,96200,109433,660],{"href":107843},[15,109434,102240],{},[39,109436,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,109438,8001,109440,96580],{"id":109439},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109441,55064],{},[20,109443,109444,109446,109447,37],{},[15,109445,55064],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109448,3338],{},[20,109450,1209],{},[44,109452,109454],{"className":46,"code":109453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109455,109456,109488,109510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109457,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109459,561],{"class":59},[53,109461,64],{"class":63},[53,109463,10041],{"class":67},[53,109465,72],{"class":71},[53,109467,570],{"class":75},[53,109469,72],{"class":71},[53,109471,81],{"class":67},[53,109473,84],{"class":71},[53,109475,579],{"class":75},[53,109477,72],{"class":71},[53,109479,81],{"class":67},[53,109481,84],{"class":71},[53,109483,596],{"class":75},[53,109485,72],{"class":71},[53,109487,8860],{"class":67},[53,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109491,12668],{"class":59},[53,109493,64],{"class":63},[53,109495,12673],{"class":59},[53,109497,37],{"class":67},[53,109499,34340],{"class":117},[53,109501,121],{"class":67},[53,109503,72],{"class":71},[53,109505,579],{"class":75},[53,109507,72],{"class":71},[53,109509,130],{"class":67},[53,109511,109512,109514,109516,109518],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109513,137],{"class":136},[53,109515,121],{"class":67},[53,109517,12692],{"class":117},[53,109519,130],{"class":67},[20,109521,109522],{},[30,109523,388],{},[44,109525,109526],{"className":46,"code":11359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109527,109528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109529,109530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109531,11359],{"class":3413},[20,109533,1183],{},[44,109535,109536],{"className":46,"code":108746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109537,109538,109570,109588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109539,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109541,561],{"class":59},[53,109543,64],{"class":63},[53,109545,10041],{"class":67},[53,109547,72],{"class":71},[53,109549,570],{"class":75},[53,109551,72],{"class":71},[53,109553,81],{"class":67},[53,109555,84],{"class":71},[53,109557,579],{"class":75},[53,109559,72],{"class":71},[53,109561,81],{"class":67},[53,109563,84],{"class":71},[53,109565,596],{"class":75},[53,109567,72],{"class":71},[53,109569,8860],{"class":67},[53,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109573,613],{"class":59},[53,109575,37],{"class":67},[53,109577,34340],{"class":117},[53,109579,121],{"class":67},[53,109581,72],{"class":71},[53,109583,579],{"class":75},[53,109585,72],{"class":71},[53,109587,130],{"class":67},[53,109589,109590,109592,109594,109596],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109591,137],{"class":136},[53,109593,121],{"class":67},[53,109595,613],{"class":117},[53,109597,130],{"class":67},[1418,109599,109601],{"id":109600},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109603,109604,109605,37],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109606,19234],{},[44,109608,109610],{"className":46,"code":109609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109611,109612,109636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109613,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109615,561],{"class":59},[53,109617,64],{"class":63},[53,109619,10041],{"class":67},[53,109621,72],{"class":71},[53,109623,570],{"class":75},[53,109625,72],{"class":71},[53,109627,81],{"class":67},[53,109629,84],{"class":71},[53,109631,579],{"class":75},[53,109633,72],{"class":71},[53,109635,8860],{"class":67},[53,109637,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109639,613],{"class":59},[53,109641,37],{"class":67},[53,109643,34340],{"class":117},[53,109645,121],{"class":67},[53,109647,72],{"class":71},[53,109649,596],{"class":75},[53,109651,72],{"class":71},[53,109653,130],{"class":67},[20,109655,109656,109657,171],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109658,1048],{},[44,109660,109662],{"className":46,"code":109661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109663,109664,109688,109692,109708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109665,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109667,561],{"class":59},[53,109669,64],{"class":63},[53,109671,10041],{"class":67},[53,109673,72],{"class":71},[53,109675,570],{"class":75},[53,109677,72],{"class":71},[53,109679,81],{"class":67},[53,109681,84],{"class":71},[53,109683,579],{"class":75},[53,109685,72],{"class":71},[53,109687,8860],{"class":67},[53,109689,109690],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109691,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,109693,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109695,1042],{"class":1041},[53,109697,84],{"class":71},[53,109699,596],{"class":75},[53,109701,72],{"class":71},[53,109703,1286],{"class":63},[53,109705,12673],{"class":59},[53,109707,1053],{"class":67},[53,109709,109710,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,109711,109712],{"class":59},"    colors",[53,109714,37],{"class":67},[53,109716,34340],{"class":117},[53,109718,121],{"class":67},[53,109720,72],{"class":71},[53,109722,596],{"class":75},[53,109724,72],{"class":71},[53,109726,130],{"class":67},[20,109728,109729,109730,109734],{},"Or use ",[195,109731,109732],{"href":107843},[15,109733,102240],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1418,109736,36747,109738,8254,109740],{"id":109737},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109739,102254],{},[15,109741,54611],{},[20,109743,109744],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109746,109747,109748,109750],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109749,102254],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109752,109753,109754,37],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[195,109755,98464],{"href":98463},[1418,109757,109759],{"id":109758},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109761,107749],{},[20,109763,109764],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[39,109766,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,109768,1431,109770,96679],{"id":109769},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109771,102254],{},[20,109773,109774,109775,37],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109776,3338],{},[1418,109778,29832,109780,109782],{"id":109779},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109781,102254],{}," raise?",[20,109784,29838,109785,109787],{},[15,109786,19234],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1418,109789,20965,109791,2438,109793,1459],{"id":109790},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109792,55064],{},[15,109794,102240],{},[20,109796,152,109797,109799,109800,109802],{},[15,109798,55064],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109801,102240],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1418,109804,1446,109806,109808],{"id":109805},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109807,102254],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109810,109811],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[39,109813,1471],{"id":1470},[173,109815,109816,109822,109828,109832,109836],{},[176,109817,109818],{},[195,109819,96200,109820,660],{"href":107843},[15,109821,102240],{},[176,109823,109824],{},[195,109825,96200,109826,660],{"href":97600},[15,109827,12314],{},[176,109829,109830],{},[195,109831,96724],{"href":97269},[176,109833,109834],{},[195,109835,99730],{"href":98463},[176,109837,109838],{},[195,109839,10812],{"href":10624},[1494,109841,109842],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":109844},[109845,109846,109848,109849,109850,109851,109856,109864,109874],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":108846,"depth":104,"text":109847},"What set.remove() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":109097,"depth":104,"text":109098},{"id":109202,"depth":104,"text":109852,"children":109853},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109854,109855],{"id":34340,"depth":133,"text":55064},{"id":102307,"depth":133,"text":102240},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":109857},[109858,109860,109861,109863],{"id":109439,"depth":133,"text":109859},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109600,"depth":133,"text":109601},{"id":109737,"depth":133,"text":109862},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109758,"depth":133,"text":109759},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":109865},[109866,109868,109870,109872],{"id":109769,"depth":133,"text":109867},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109779,"depth":133,"text":109869},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109790,"depth":133,"text":109871},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109805,"depth":133,"text":109873},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108720,"description":109875},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109882,"title":109883,"body":109884,"description":111257,"extension":1524,"meta":111258,"navigation":372,"path":111259,"seo":111260,"stem":111261,"__hash__":111262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109885,"toc":111232},[109886,109892,109898,109901,109904,109918,109920,110001,110004,110009,110013,110027,110034,110036,110055,110058,110076,110078,110158,110160,110185,110189,110192,110200,110205,110210,110212,110225,110230,110233,110257,110260,110268,110270,110273,110370,110372,110405,110407,110433,110440,110443,110447,110455,110459,110467,110469,110559,110561,110575,110582,110587,110592,110594,110685,110687,110699,110701,110715,110721,110729,110731,110813,110815,110860,110863,110871,110874,110876,110880,110923,110925,110945,110950,110952,111037,111039,111044,111046,111053,111061,111067,111070,111072,111158,111160,111184,111188,111191,111193,111220,111230],[10,109887,95586,109889,18],{"id":109888},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109890,109891],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109893,109894,109897],{},[15,109895,109896],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109899,109900],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109902,109903],{},"Use it when:",[173,109905,109906,109909,109915],{},[176,109907,109908],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[176,109910,109911,109912,109914],{},"you do ",[30,109913,1112],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[176,109916,109917],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[39,109919,42],{"id":41},[44,109921,109923],{"className":46,"code":109922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109924,109925,109945,109965,109969,109988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109926,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109928,2112],{"class":59},[53,109930,64],{"class":63},[53,109932,10041],{"class":67},[53,109934,517],{"class":333},[53,109936,81],{"class":67},[53,109938,790],{"class":333},[53,109940,81],{"class":67},[53,109942,1269],{"class":333},[53,109944,8860],{"class":67},[53,109946,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109948,2140],{"class":59},[53,109950,64],{"class":63},[53,109952,10041],{"class":67},[53,109954,882],{"class":333},[53,109956,81],{"class":67},[53,109958,826],{"class":333},[53,109960,81],{"class":67},[53,109962,4162],{"class":333},[53,109964,8860],{"class":67},[53,109966,109967],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,109968,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,109970,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109982,109984,109986],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,109972,351],{"class":59},[53,109974,64],{"class":63},[53,109976,56423],{"class":59},[53,109978,37],{"class":67},[53,109980,109981],{"class":117},"symmetric_difference",[53,109983,121],{"class":67},[53,109985,704],{"class":117},[53,109987,130],{"class":67},[53,109989,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,109991,137],{"class":136},[53,109993,121],{"class":67},[53,109995,383],{"class":117},[53,109997,145],{"class":67},[53,109999,110000],{"class":148},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110002,110003],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[39,110005,163,110007,166],{"id":110006},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110008,109891],{},[20,110010,110011,171],{},[15,110012,109896],{},[173,110014,110015,110018,110021,110024],{},[176,110016,110017],{},"returns a new set",[176,110019,110020],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[176,110022,110023],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[176,110025,110026],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110028,95710,110029,2438,110031,37],{},[195,110030,95714],{"href":95713},[195,110032,110033],{"href":95717},"creating a set in Python",[39,110035,202],{"id":201},[44,110037,110039],{"className":46,"code":110038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110040,110041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110042,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110044,99971],{"class":59},[53,110046,37],{"class":67},[53,110048,109981],{"class":117},[53,110050,121],{"class":67},[53,110052,99980],{"class":117},[53,110054,130],{"class":67},[20,110056,110057],{},"Notes:",[173,110059,110060,110065,110070,110073],{},[176,110061,110062,110064],{},[15,110063,99971],{}," must be a set",[176,110066,110067,110069],{},[15,110068,99980],{}," can be any iterable",[176,110071,110072],{},"the result is always a set",[176,110074,110075],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110077,316],{},[44,110079,110081],{"className":46,"code":110080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110082,110083,110104,110125,110129,110148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110084,110085,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110086,110087],{"class":59},"set1 ",[53,110089,64],{"class":63},[53,110091,10041],{"class":67},[53,110093,517],{"class":333},[53,110095,81],{"class":67},[53,110097,790],{"class":333},[53,110099,81],{"class":67},[53,110101,1269],{"class":333},[53,110103,8860],{"class":67},[53,110105,110106,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110107,110108],{"class":59},"set2 ",[53,110110,64],{"class":63},[53,110112,10041],{"class":67},[53,110114,882],{"class":333},[53,110116,81],{"class":67},[53,110118,826],{"class":333},[53,110120,81],{"class":67},[53,110122,4162],{"class":333},[53,110124,8860],{"class":67},[53,110126,110127],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110128,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110130,110131,110133,110135,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110132,351],{"class":59},[53,110134,64],{"class":63},[53,110136,110137],{"class":59}," set1",[53,110139,37],{"class":67},[53,110141,109981],{"class":117},[53,110143,121],{"class":67},[53,110145,99980],{"class":117},[53,110147,130],{"class":67},[53,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,110151,137],{"class":136},[53,110153,121],{"class":67},[53,110155,383],{"class":117},[53,110157,130],{"class":67},[20,110159,388],{},[44,110161,110163],{"className":46,"code":110162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110164,110165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110166,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110168,8829],{"class":67},[53,110170,517],{"class":333},[53,110172,81],{"class":67},[53,110174,790],{"class":333},[53,110176,81],{"class":67},[53,110178,826],{"class":333},[53,110180,81],{"class":67},[53,110182,4162],{"class":333},[53,110184,8860],{"class":67},[39,110186,110188],{"id":110187},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110190,110191],{},"The result includes:",[173,110193,110194,110197],{},[176,110195,110196],{},"items only in the first set",[176,110198,110199],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110201,110202,110203,10633],{},"The result does ",[30,110204,1112],{},[173,110206,110207],{},[176,110208,110209],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110211,5024],{},[173,110213,110214,110219],{},[176,110215,110216,110217],{},"first set: ",[15,110218,99668],{},[176,110220,110221,110222],{},"second set: ",[15,110223,110224],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110226,3610,110227,110229],{},[15,110228,882],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110231,110232],{},"The output is:",[44,110234,110235],{"className":46,"code":110162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,110236,110237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110238,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110240,8829],{"class":67},[53,110242,517],{"class":333},[53,110244,81],{"class":67},[53,110246,790],{"class":333},[53,110248,81],{"class":67},[53,110250,826],{"class":333},[53,110252,81],{"class":67},[53,110254,4162],{"class":333},[53,110256,8860],{"class":67},[20,110258,110259],{},"Also remember:",[173,110261,110262,110265],{},[176,110263,110264],{},"sets are unordered",[176,110266,110267],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[39,110269,11025],{"id":11024},[20,110271,110272],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[44,110274,110276],{"className":46,"code":110275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110277,110278,110310,110334,110338,110356,110360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110279,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110281,106411],{"class":59},[53,110283,64],{"class":63},[53,110285,10041],{"class":67},[53,110287,72],{"class":71},[53,110289,570],{"class":75},[53,110291,72],{"class":71},[53,110293,81],{"class":67},[53,110295,84],{"class":71},[53,110297,579],{"class":75},[53,110299,72],{"class":71},[53,110301,81],{"class":67},[53,110303,84],{"class":71},[53,110305,596],{"class":75},[53,110307,72],{"class":71},[53,110309,8860],{"class":67},[53,110311,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110313,106444],{"class":59},[53,110315,64],{"class":63},[53,110317,10041],{"class":67},[53,110319,72],{"class":71},[53,110321,596],{"class":75},[53,110323,72],{"class":71},[53,110325,81],{"class":67},[53,110327,84],{"class":71},[53,110329,22069],{"class":75},[53,110331,72],{"class":71},[53,110333,8860],{"class":67},[53,110335,110336],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110337,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110339,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352,110354],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110341,351],{"class":59},[53,110343,64],{"class":63},[53,110345,106486],{"class":59},[53,110347,37],{"class":67},[53,110349,109981],{"class":117},[53,110351,121],{"class":67},[53,110353,106495],{"class":117},[53,110355,130],{"class":67},[53,110357,110358],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,110359,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110361,110362,110364,110366,110368],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,110363,137],{"class":136},[53,110365,121],{"class":67},[53,110367,383],{"class":117},[53,110369,130],{"class":67},[20,110371,388],{},[44,110373,110375],{"className":46,"code":110374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110376,110377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110378,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110380,8829],{"class":67},[53,110382,2862],{"class":71},[53,110384,570],{"class":75},[53,110386,2862],{"class":71},[53,110388,81],{"class":67},[53,110390,2857],{"class":71},[53,110392,579],{"class":75},[53,110394,2862],{"class":71},[53,110396,81],{"class":67},[53,110398,2857],{"class":71},[53,110400,22069],{"class":75},[53,110402,2862],{"class":71},[53,110404,8860],{"class":67},[20,110406,12959],{},[173,110408,110409,110414,110425],{},[176,110410,110411,110413],{},[15,110412,95879],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[176,110415,110416,667,110418,110421,110422,110424],{},[15,110417,645],{},[15,110419,110420],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110423,106548],{},", so they stay",[176,110426,110427,110429,110430,110432],{},[15,110428,109187],{}," is only in ",[15,110431,106495],{},", so it stays",[39,110434,110436,10136,110438],{"id":110435},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110437,109891],{},[15,110439,99800],{},[20,110441,110442],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110444,110445,171],{},[15,110446,99800],{},[173,110448,110449,110452],{},[176,110450,110451],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[176,110453,110454],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110456,110457,171],{},[15,110458,109891],{},[173,110460,110461,110464],{},[176,110462,110463],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[176,110465,110466],{},"removes shared items",[20,110468,316],{},[44,110470,110472],{"className":46,"code":110471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110473,110474,110494,110514,110518,110539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110475,110476,110478,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490,110492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110477,2112],{"class":59},[53,110479,64],{"class":63},[53,110481,10041],{"class":67},[53,110483,517],{"class":333},[53,110485,81],{"class":67},[53,110487,790],{"class":333},[53,110489,81],{"class":67},[53,110491,1269],{"class":333},[53,110493,8860],{"class":67},[53,110495,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110497,2140],{"class":59},[53,110499,64],{"class":63},[53,110501,10041],{"class":67},[53,110503,882],{"class":333},[53,110505,81],{"class":67},[53,110507,826],{"class":333},[53,110509,81],{"class":67},[53,110511,4162],{"class":333},[53,110513,8860],{"class":67},[53,110515,110516],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110517,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110519,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110521,137],{"class":136},[53,110523,121],{"class":67},[53,110525,195],{"class":117},[53,110527,37],{"class":67},[53,110529,2370],{"class":117},[53,110531,121],{"class":67},[53,110533,704],{"class":117},[53,110535,762],{"class":67},[53,110537,110538],{"class":148},"            # {1, 2}\n",[53,110540,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,110542,137],{"class":136},[53,110544,121],{"class":67},[53,110546,195],{"class":117},[53,110548,37],{"class":67},[53,110550,109981],{"class":117},[53,110552,121],{"class":67},[53,110554,704],{"class":117},[53,110556,762],{"class":67},[53,110558,110000],{"class":148},[20,110560,18242],{},[173,110562,110563,110570],{},[176,110564,110565,110569],{},[195,110566,110567],{"href":102226},[15,110568,99800],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[176,110571,110572,110574],{},[15,110573,109891],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[39,110576,110578,10136,110580],{"id":110577},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110579,109891],{},[15,110581,102185],{},[20,110583,110584,110586],{},[15,110585,102185],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110588,110589,110591],{},[15,110590,109891],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110593,316],{},[44,110595,110597],{"className":46,"code":110596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110598,110599,110619,110639,110643,110665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110600,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110602,2112],{"class":59},[53,110604,64],{"class":63},[53,110606,10041],{"class":67},[53,110608,517],{"class":333},[53,110610,81],{"class":67},[53,110612,790],{"class":333},[53,110614,81],{"class":67},[53,110616,1269],{"class":333},[53,110618,8860],{"class":67},[53,110620,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110622,2140],{"class":59},[53,110624,64],{"class":63},[53,110626,10041],{"class":67},[53,110628,882],{"class":333},[53,110630,81],{"class":67},[53,110632,826],{"class":333},[53,110634,81],{"class":67},[53,110636,4162],{"class":333},[53,110638,8860],{"class":67},[53,110640,110641],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110642,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110644,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110656,110658,110660,110662],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110646,137],{"class":136},[53,110648,121],{"class":67},[53,110650,195],{"class":117},[53,110652,37],{"class":67},[53,110654,110655],{"class":117},"union",[53,110657,121],{"class":67},[53,110659,704],{"class":117},[53,110661,762],{"class":67},[53,110663,110664],{"class":148},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[53,110666,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,110668,137],{"class":136},[53,110670,121],{"class":67},[53,110672,195],{"class":117},[53,110674,37],{"class":67},[53,110676,109981],{"class":117},[53,110678,121],{"class":67},[53,110680,704],{"class":117},[53,110682,762],{"class":67},[53,110684,110000],{"class":148},[20,110686,26766],{},[173,110688,110689,110694],{},[176,110690,110691,110693],{},[15,110692,102185],{}," includes everything",[176,110695,110696,110698],{},[15,110697,109891],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110700,18242],{},[173,110702,110703,110710],{},[176,110704,110705,110709],{},[195,110706,110707],{"href":107116},[15,110708,102185],{}," when overlap does not matter",[176,110711,110712,110714],{},[15,110713,109891],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[39,110716,36155,110718,100984],{"id":110717},"using-the-operator",[15,110719,110720],{},"^",[20,110722,110723,110724,110726,110727,37],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110725,110720],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110728,109891],{},[20,110730,316],{},[44,110732,110734],{"className":46,"code":110733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110735,110736,110756,110776,110780,110798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110737,110738,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110739,110087],{"class":59},[53,110741,64],{"class":63},[53,110743,10041],{"class":67},[53,110745,517],{"class":333},[53,110747,81],{"class":67},[53,110749,790],{"class":333},[53,110751,81],{"class":67},[53,110753,1269],{"class":333},[53,110755,8860],{"class":67},[53,110757,110758,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110759,110108],{"class":59},[53,110761,64],{"class":63},[53,110763,10041],{"class":67},[53,110765,882],{"class":333},[53,110767,81],{"class":67},[53,110769,826],{"class":333},[53,110771,81],{"class":67},[53,110773,4162],{"class":333},[53,110775,8860],{"class":67},[53,110777,110778],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110779,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,110781,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110783,137],{"class":136},[53,110785,121],{"class":67},[53,110787,99971],{"class":117},[53,110789,37],{"class":67},[53,110791,109981],{"class":117},[53,110793,121],{"class":67},[53,110795,99980],{"class":117},[53,110797,628],{"class":67},[53,110799,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110811],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,110801,137],{"class":136},[53,110803,121],{"class":67},[53,110805,110087],{"class":117},[53,110807,110720],{"class":63},[53,110809,110810],{"class":117}," set2",[53,110812,130],{"class":67},[20,110814,29574],{},[44,110816,110818],{"className":46,"code":110817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110819,110820,110840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110821,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110823,8829],{"class":67},[53,110825,517],{"class":333},[53,110827,81],{"class":67},[53,110829,790],{"class":333},[53,110831,81],{"class":67},[53,110833,826],{"class":333},[53,110835,81],{"class":67},[53,110837,4162],{"class":333},[53,110839,8860],{"class":67},[53,110841,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110843,8829],{"class":67},[53,110845,517],{"class":333},[53,110847,81],{"class":67},[53,110849,790],{"class":333},[53,110851,81],{"class":67},[53,110853,826],{"class":333},[53,110855,81],{"class":67},[53,110857,4162],{"class":333},[53,110859,8860],{"class":67},[20,110861,110862],{},"Both forms:",[173,110864,110865,110868],{},[176,110866,110867],{},"return a new set",[176,110869,110870],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110872,110873],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[39,110875,1129],{"id":1128},[20,110877,1132,110878,171],{},[15,110879,109891],{},[173,110881,110882,110890,110900,110915],{},[176,110883,110884,110887,110889],{},[30,110885,110886],{},"Expecting sorted output",[1147,110888],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[176,110891,110892,110895,110897,110899],{},[30,110893,110894],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[1147,110896],{},[15,110898,109891],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[176,110901,110902,110907,110909,110911,110912,110914],{},[30,110903,110904,110905],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110906,99800],{},[1147,110908],{},[15,110910,99800],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110913,109891],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[176,110916,110917,110920,110922],{},[30,110918,110919],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[1147,110921],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110924,58396],{},[173,110926,110927,110936,110939,110942],{},[176,110928,50034,110929,44173,110931,110935],{},[15,110930,109891],{},[195,110932,110933],{"href":107116},[15,110934,102185],{}," is actually needed",[176,110937,110938],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[176,110940,110941],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[176,110943,110944],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110946,110947,110948,37],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[195,110949,98464],{"href":104729},[20,110951,61827],{},[44,110953,110955],{"className":46,"code":110954,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110956,110957,110967,110977,110995,111009,111023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110958,110959,110961,110963,110965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110960,137],{"class":136},[53,110962,121],{"class":67},[53,110964,99971],{"class":117},[53,110966,130],{"class":67},[53,110968,110969,110971,110973,110975],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110970,137],{"class":136},[53,110972,121],{"class":67},[53,110974,99980],{"class":117},[53,110976,130],{"class":67},[53,110978,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,110980,137],{"class":136},[53,110982,121],{"class":67},[53,110984,99971],{"class":117},[53,110986,37],{"class":67},[53,110988,109981],{"class":117},[53,110990,121],{"class":67},[53,110992,99980],{"class":117},[53,110994,628],{"class":67},[53,110996,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,110998,137],{"class":136},[53,111000,121],{"class":67},[53,111002,110087],{"class":117},[53,111004,110720],{"class":63},[53,111006,110810],{"class":117},[53,111008,130],{"class":67},[53,111010,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111012,137],{"class":136},[53,111014,121],{"class":67},[53,111016,1321],{"class":1320},[53,111018,121],{"class":67},[53,111020,99971],{"class":117},[53,111022,628],{"class":67},[53,111024,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,111026,137],{"class":136},[53,111028,121],{"class":67},[53,111030,1321],{"class":1320},[53,111032,121],{"class":67},[53,111034,99980],{"class":117},[53,111036,628],{"class":67},[39,111038,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,111040,1431,111042,102125],{"id":111041},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111043,109891],{},[20,111045,102128],{},[1418,111047,4731,111049,667,111051,1459],{"id":111048},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111050,109891],{},[15,111052,99800],{},[20,111054,111055,111057,111058,111060],{},[15,111056,99800],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111059,109891],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1418,111062,27872,111064,111066],{"id":111063},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111065,109891],{}," with lists?",[20,111068,111069],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111071,316],{},[44,111073,111075],{"className":46,"code":111074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111076,111077,111097,111117,111121,111148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111078,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111080,80041],{"class":59},[53,111082,64],{"class":63},[53,111084,68],{"class":67},[53,111086,517],{"class":333},[53,111088,81],{"class":67},[53,111090,790],{"class":333},[53,111092,81],{"class":67},[53,111094,1269],{"class":333},[53,111096,101],{"class":67},[53,111098,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111100,80062],{"class":59},[53,111102,64],{"class":63},[53,111104,68],{"class":67},[53,111106,882],{"class":333},[53,111108,81],{"class":67},[53,111110,826],{"class":333},[53,111112,81],{"class":67},[53,111114,4162],{"class":333},[53,111116,101],{"class":67},[53,111118,111119],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111120,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111122,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111124,351],{"class":59},[53,111126,64],{"class":63},[53,111128,15185],{"class":1320},[53,111130,121],{"class":67},[53,111132,111133],{"class":117},"list1",[53,111135,8180],{"class":67},[53,111137,109981],{"class":117},[53,111139,121],{"class":67},[53,111141,5839],{"class":1320},[53,111143,121],{"class":67},[53,111145,80328],{"class":117},[53,111147,628],{"class":67},[53,111149,111150,111152,111154,111156],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111151,137],{"class":136},[53,111153,121],{"class":67},[53,111155,383],{"class":117},[53,111157,130],{"class":67},[20,111159,388],{},[44,111161,111162],{"className":46,"code":110162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,111163,111164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111165,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180,111182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111167,8829],{"class":67},[53,111169,517],{"class":333},[53,111171,81],{"class":67},[53,111173,790],{"class":333},[53,111175,81],{"class":67},[53,111177,826],{"class":333},[53,111179,81],{"class":67},[53,111181,4162],{"class":333},[53,111183,8860],{"class":67},[1418,111185,111187],{"id":111186},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111189,111190],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[39,111192,1471],{"id":1470},[173,111194,111195,111199,111204,111210,111216],{},[176,111196,111197],{},[195,111198,95714],{"href":95713},[176,111200,111201],{},[195,111202,111203],{"href":95717},"Creating a set in Python",[176,111205,111206],{},[195,111207,96200,111208,660],{"href":102226},[15,111209,99800],{},[176,111211,111212],{},[195,111213,96200,111214,660],{"href":107116},[15,111215,102185],{},[176,111217,111218],{},[195,111219,99730],{"href":104729},[20,111221,111222,111223,891,111225,894,111227,111229],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111224,99800],{},[15,111226,102185],{},[15,111228,109891],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1494,111231,56777],{},{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":111233},[111234,111235,111237,111238,111239,111240,111242,111244,111246,111247,111256],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":110006,"depth":104,"text":111236},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":110187,"depth":104,"text":110188},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":110435,"depth":104,"text":111241},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110577,"depth":104,"text":111243},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110717,"depth":104,"text":111245},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":111248},[111249,111251,111253,111255],{"id":111041,"depth":133,"text":111250},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111048,"depth":133,"text":111252},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111063,"depth":133,"text":111254},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111186,"depth":133,"text":111187},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109883,"description":111257},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111264,"title":111265,"body":111266,"description":113329,"extension":1524,"meta":113330,"navigation":372,"path":107116,"seo":113331,"stem":113332,"__hash__":113333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111267,"toc":113288},[111268,111273,111278,111281,111294,111296,111378,111383,111388,111392,111404,111407,111411,111413,111440,111442,111453,111456,111525,111527,111533,111536,111546,111548,111637,111642,111644,111651,111654,111656,111659,111779,111781,111850,111853,111870,111875,111878,111994,111996,112025,112028,112034,112039,112043,112124,112126,112154,112159,112163,112258,112260,112301,112305,112308,112375,112377,112418,112424,112439,112446,112453,112457,112463,112549,112553,112561,112632,112637,112644,112646,112652,112654,112719,112721,112737,112742,112745,112814,112818,112821,112880,112883,112887,112940,112953,112956,113009,113013,113015,113046,113049,113054,113107,113111,113114,113135,113147,113149,113202,113204,113209,113211,113217,113220,113226,113231,113235,113238,113246,113255,113257,113285],[10,111269,3138,111271,18],{"id":111270},"python-setunion-method",[15,111272,107429],{},[20,111274,111275,111277],{},[15,111276,107429],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111279,111280],{},"It is useful when you want:",[173,111282,111283,111286,111291],{},[176,111284,111285],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[176,111287,2112,111288,111290],{},[30,111289,100155],{}," as the result",[176,111292,111293],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[39,111295,1566],{"id":1565},[44,111297,111299],{"className":46,"code":111298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111300,111301,111321,111341,111345,111363,111373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111302,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111304,110087],{"class":59},[53,111306,64],{"class":63},[53,111308,10041],{"class":67},[53,111310,517],{"class":333},[53,111312,81],{"class":67},[53,111314,790],{"class":333},[53,111316,81],{"class":67},[53,111318,1269],{"class":333},[53,111320,8860],{"class":67},[53,111322,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111324,110108],{"class":59},[53,111326,64],{"class":63},[53,111328,10041],{"class":67},[53,111330,882],{"class":333},[53,111332,81],{"class":67},[53,111334,826],{"class":333},[53,111336,81],{"class":67},[53,111338,4162],{"class":333},[53,111340,8860],{"class":67},[53,111342,111343],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111344,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111346,111347,111349,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111348,351],{"class":59},[53,111350,64],{"class":63},[53,111352,110137],{"class":59},[53,111354,37],{"class":67},[53,111356,110655],{"class":117},[53,111358,121],{"class":67},[53,111360,99980],{"class":117},[53,111362,130],{"class":67},[53,111364,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111366,137],{"class":136},[53,111368,121],{"class":67},[53,111370,383],{"class":117},[53,111372,130],{"class":67},[53,111374,111375],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,111376,111377],{"class":148},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111379,111380,111382],{},[15,111381,102185],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[39,111384,163,111386,166],{"id":111385},"what-setunion-does",[15,111387,107429],{},[20,111389,111390,171],{},[15,111391,107429],{},[173,111393,111394,111397,111400,111402],{},[176,111395,111396],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[176,111398,111399],{},"keeps only unique values",[176,111401,110017],{},[176,111403,110026],{},[20,111405,111406],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111408,95710,111409,37],{},[195,111410,95714],{"href":96885},[39,111412,202],{"id":201},[44,111414,111416],{"className":46,"code":111415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111417,111418],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111419,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111421,99971],{"class":59},[53,111423,37],{"class":67},[53,111425,110655],{"class":117},[53,111427,121],{"class":67},[53,111429,99980],{"class":117},[53,111431,81],{"class":67},[53,111433,100007],{"class":117},[53,111435,81],{"class":67},[53,111437,33999],{"class":136},[53,111439,130],{"class":67},[20,111441,12604],{},[173,111443,111444,111447,111450],{},[176,111445,111446],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[176,111448,111449],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[176,111451,111452],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111454,111455],{},"Example with two sets:",[44,111457,111459],{"className":46,"code":111458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111460,111461,111477,111493,111497,111515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111462,111463,111465,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111464,2112],{"class":59},[53,111466,64],{"class":63},[53,111468,10041],{"class":67},[53,111470,517],{"class":333},[53,111472,81],{"class":67},[53,111474,790],{"class":333},[53,111476,8860],{"class":67},[53,111478,111479,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111480,2140],{"class":59},[53,111482,64],{"class":63},[53,111484,10041],{"class":67},[53,111486,525],{"class":333},[53,111488,81],{"class":67},[53,111490,1269],{"class":333},[53,111492,8860],{"class":67},[53,111494,111495],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111496,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111498,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111500,351],{"class":59},[53,111502,64],{"class":63},[53,111504,56423],{"class":59},[53,111506,37],{"class":67},[53,111508,110655],{"class":117},[53,111510,121],{"class":67},[53,111512,704],{"class":117},[53,111514,130],{"class":67},[53,111516,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111518,137],{"class":136},[53,111520,121],{"class":67},[53,111522,383],{"class":117},[53,111524,130],{"class":67},[39,111526,21515],{"id":21514},[20,111528,111529,100152,111531,37],{},[15,111530,107429],{},[30,111532,100155],{},[20,111534,111535],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[173,111537,111538,111541],{},[176,111539,111540],{},"the original set",[176,111542,111543,111544],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111545,102185],{},[20,111547,316],{},[44,111549,111551],{"className":46,"code":111550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111552,111553,111569,111585,111589,111607,111611,111624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111554,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111556,2112],{"class":59},[53,111558,64],{"class":63},[53,111560,10041],{"class":67},[53,111562,517],{"class":333},[53,111564,81],{"class":67},[53,111566,790],{"class":333},[53,111568,8860],{"class":67},[53,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111572,2140],{"class":59},[53,111574,64],{"class":63},[53,111576,10041],{"class":67},[53,111578,525],{"class":333},[53,111580,81],{"class":67},[53,111582,1269],{"class":333},[53,111584,8860],{"class":67},[53,111586,111587],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111588,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111590,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111592,351],{"class":59},[53,111594,64],{"class":63},[53,111596,56423],{"class":59},[53,111598,37],{"class":67},[53,111600,110655],{"class":117},[53,111602,121],{"class":67},[53,111604,704],{"class":117},[53,111606,130],{"class":67},[53,111608,111609],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111610,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111612,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,111614,137],{"class":136},[53,111616,121],{"class":67},[53,111618,383],{"class":117},[53,111620,145],{"class":67},[53,111622,111623],{"class":148},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[53,111625,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,111627,137],{"class":136},[53,111629,121],{"class":67},[53,111631,195],{"class":117},[53,111633,145],{"class":67},[53,111635,111636],{"class":148},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111638,1846,111639,111641],{},[15,111640,195],{}," did not change.",[20,111643,110259],{},[173,111645,111646,111648],{},[176,111647,110264],{},[176,111649,111650],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111652,111653],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[39,111655,11025],{"id":11024},[20,111657,111658],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[44,111660,111662],{"className":46,"code":111661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111663,111664,111697,111730,111734,111754,111758,111768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111665,111666,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111667,111668],{"class":59},"fruits1 ",[53,111670,64],{"class":63},[53,111672,10041],{"class":67},[53,111674,72],{"class":71},[53,111676,76],{"class":75},[53,111678,72],{"class":71},[53,111680,81],{"class":67},[53,111682,84],{"class":71},[53,111684,87],{"class":75},[53,111686,72],{"class":71},[53,111688,81],{"class":67},[53,111690,84],{"class":71},[53,111692,967],{"class":75},[53,111694,72],{"class":71},[53,111696,8860],{"class":67},[53,111698,111699,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111700,111701],{"class":59},"fruits2 ",[53,111703,64],{"class":63},[53,111705,10041],{"class":67},[53,111707,72],{"class":71},[53,111709,87],{"class":75},[53,111711,72],{"class":71},[53,111713,81],{"class":67},[53,111715,84],{"class":71},[53,111717,22078],{"class":75},[53,111719,72],{"class":71},[53,111721,81],{"class":67},[53,111723,84],{"class":71},[53,111725,967],{"class":75},[53,111727,72],{"class":71},[53,111729,8860],{"class":67},[53,111731,111732],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111733,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111735,111736,111738,111740,111743,111745,111747,111749,111752],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111737,351],{"class":59},[53,111739,64],{"class":63},[53,111741,111742],{"class":59}," fruits1",[53,111744,37],{"class":67},[53,111746,110655],{"class":117},[53,111748,121],{"class":67},[53,111750,111751],{"class":117},"fruits2",[53,111753,130],{"class":67},[53,111755,111756],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111757,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111759,111760,111762,111764,111766],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,111761,137],{"class":136},[53,111763,121],{"class":67},[53,111765,383],{"class":117},[53,111767,130],{"class":67},[53,111769,111770,111772,111774,111777],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,111771,137],{"class":136},[53,111773,121],{"class":67},[53,111775,111776],{"class":117},"fruits1",[53,111778,130],{"class":67},[20,111780,29574],{},[44,111782,111784],{"className":46,"code":111783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111785,111786,111822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111787,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111789,8829],{"class":67},[53,111791,2862],{"class":71},[53,111793,87],{"class":75},[53,111795,2862],{"class":71},[53,111797,81],{"class":67},[53,111799,2857],{"class":71},[53,111801,967],{"class":75},[53,111803,2862],{"class":71},[53,111805,81],{"class":67},[53,111807,2857],{"class":71},[53,111809,76],{"class":75},[53,111811,2862],{"class":71},[53,111813,81],{"class":67},[53,111815,2857],{"class":71},[53,111817,22078],{"class":75},[53,111819,2862],{"class":71},[53,111821,8860],{"class":67},[53,111823,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111825,8829],{"class":67},[53,111827,2862],{"class":71},[53,111829,87],{"class":75},[53,111831,2862],{"class":71},[53,111833,81],{"class":67},[53,111835,2857],{"class":71},[53,111837,967],{"class":75},[53,111839,2862],{"class":71},[53,111841,81],{"class":67},[53,111843,2857],{"class":71},[53,111845,76],{"class":75},[53,111847,2862],{"class":71},[53,111849,8860],{"class":67},[20,111851,111852],{},"What this shows:",[173,111854,111855,111862,111865],{},[176,111856,111857,667,111859,111861],{},[15,111858,514],{},[15,111860,977],{}," appear in both sets",[176,111863,111864],{},"they appear only once in the result",[176,111866,111867,111869],{},[15,111868,111776],{}," stays unchanged",[39,111871,664,111873,100544],{"id":111872},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111874,102185],{},[20,111876,111877],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[44,111879,111881],{"className":46,"code":111880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111882,111883,111899,111915,111932,111949,111953,111980,111984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111886,110087],{"class":59},[53,111888,64],{"class":63},[53,111890,10041],{"class":67},[53,111892,517],{"class":333},[53,111894,81],{"class":67},[53,111896,790],{"class":333},[53,111898,8860],{"class":67},[53,111900,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111902,110108],{"class":59},[53,111904,64],{"class":63},[53,111906,10041],{"class":67},[53,111908,525],{"class":333},[53,111910,81],{"class":67},[53,111912,1269],{"class":333},[53,111914,8860],{"class":67},[53,111916,111917,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,111918,111919],{"class":59},"set3 ",[53,111921,64],{"class":63},[53,111923,10041],{"class":67},[53,111925,882],{"class":333},[53,111927,81],{"class":67},[53,111929,826],{"class":333},[53,111931,8860],{"class":67},[53,111933,111934,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,111935,111936],{"class":59},"set4 ",[53,111938,64],{"class":63},[53,111940,10041],{"class":67},[53,111942,2062],{"class":333},[53,111944,81],{"class":67},[53,111946,4162],{"class":333},[53,111948,8860],{"class":67},[53,111950,111951],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,111952,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111954,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975,111978],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,111956,351],{"class":59},[53,111958,64],{"class":63},[53,111960,110137],{"class":59},[53,111962,37],{"class":67},[53,111964,110655],{"class":117},[53,111966,121],{"class":67},[53,111968,99980],{"class":117},[53,111970,81],{"class":67},[53,111972,100007],{"class":117},[53,111974,81],{"class":67},[53,111976,111977],{"class":117}," set4",[53,111979,130],{"class":67},[53,111981,111982],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,111983,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,111985,111986,111988,111990,111992],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,111987,137],{"class":136},[53,111989,121],{"class":67},[53,111991,383],{"class":117},[53,111993,130],{"class":67},[20,111995,29574],{},[44,111997,111999],{"className":46,"code":111998,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112000,112001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112002,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112004,8829],{"class":67},[53,112006,517],{"class":333},[53,112008,81],{"class":67},[53,112010,790],{"class":333},[53,112012,81],{"class":67},[53,112014,1269],{"class":333},[53,112016,81],{"class":67},[53,112018,826],{"class":333},[53,112020,81],{"class":67},[53,112022,4162],{"class":333},[53,112024,8860],{"class":67},[20,112026,112027],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[39,112029,664,112031,112033],{"id":112030},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112032,102185],{}," with other iterables",[20,112035,112036,112038],{},[15,112037,102185],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1418,112040,112042],{"id":112041},"with-a-list","With a list",[44,112044,112046],{"className":46,"code":112045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112047,112048,112068,112092,112096,112114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112049,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112051,326],{"class":59},[53,112053,64],{"class":63},[53,112055,10041],{"class":67},[53,112057,517],{"class":333},[53,112059,81],{"class":67},[53,112061,790],{"class":333},[53,112063,81],{"class":67},[53,112065,1269],{"class":333},[53,112067,8860],{"class":67},[53,112069,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112071,60579],{"class":59},[53,112073,64],{"class":63},[53,112075,68],{"class":67},[53,112077,882],{"class":333},[53,112079,81],{"class":67},[53,112081,826],{"class":333},[53,112083,81],{"class":67},[53,112085,4162],{"class":333},[53,112087,81],{"class":67},[53,112089,4162],{"class":333},[53,112091,101],{"class":67},[53,112093,112094],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112095,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112097,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112099,351],{"class":59},[53,112101,64],{"class":63},[53,112103,356],{"class":59},[53,112105,37],{"class":67},[53,112107,110655],{"class":117},[53,112109,121],{"class":67},[53,112111,60608],{"class":117},[53,112113,130],{"class":67},[53,112115,112116,112118,112120,112122],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112117,137],{"class":136},[53,112119,121],{"class":67},[53,112121,383],{"class":117},[53,112123,130],{"class":67},[20,112125,29574],{},[44,112127,112128],{"className":46,"code":111998,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112129,112130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112131,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112133,8829],{"class":67},[53,112135,517],{"class":333},[53,112137,81],{"class":67},[53,112139,790],{"class":333},[53,112141,81],{"class":67},[53,112143,1269],{"class":333},[53,112145,81],{"class":67},[53,112147,826],{"class":333},[53,112149,81],{"class":67},[53,112151,4162],{"class":333},[53,112153,8860],{"class":67},[20,112155,642,112156,112158],{},[15,112157,1698],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1418,112160,112162],{"id":112161},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[44,112164,112166],{"className":46,"code":112165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112167,112168,112192,112225,112229,112248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112169,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112171,687],{"class":59},[53,112173,64],{"class":63},[53,112175,10041],{"class":67},[53,112177,72],{"class":71},[53,112179,195],{"class":75},[53,112181,72],{"class":71},[53,112183,81],{"class":67},[53,112185,84],{"class":71},[53,112187,704],{"class":75},[53,112189,72],{"class":71},[53,112191,8860],{"class":67},[53,112193,112194,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112195,112196],{"class":59},"more_letters ",[53,112198,64],{"class":63},[53,112200,8787],{"class":67},[53,112202,72],{"class":71},[53,112204,704],{"class":75},[53,112206,72],{"class":71},[53,112208,81],{"class":67},[53,112210,84],{"class":71},[53,112212,713],{"class":75},[53,112214,72],{"class":71},[53,112216,81],{"class":67},[53,112218,84],{"class":71},[53,112220,730],{"class":75},[53,112222,72],{"class":71},[53,112224,130],{"class":67},[53,112226,112227],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112228,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112246],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112232,351],{"class":59},[53,112234,64],{"class":63},[53,112236,69479],{"class":59},[53,112238,37],{"class":67},[53,112240,110655],{"class":117},[53,112242,121],{"class":67},[53,112244,112245],{"class":117},"more_letters",[53,112247,130],{"class":67},[53,112249,112250,112252,112254,112256],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112251,137],{"class":136},[53,112253,121],{"class":67},[53,112255,383],{"class":117},[53,112257,130],{"class":67},[20,112259,29574],{},[44,112261,112263],{"className":46,"code":112262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112264,112265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112268,8829],{"class":67},[53,112270,2862],{"class":71},[53,112272,195],{"class":75},[53,112274,2862],{"class":71},[53,112276,81],{"class":67},[53,112278,2857],{"class":71},[53,112280,704],{"class":75},[53,112282,2862],{"class":71},[53,112284,81],{"class":67},[53,112286,2857],{"class":71},[53,112288,713],{"class":75},[53,112290,2862],{"class":71},[53,112292,81],{"class":67},[53,112294,2857],{"class":71},[53,112296,730],{"class":75},[53,112298,2862],{"class":71},[53,112300,8860],{"class":67},[1418,112302,112304],{"id":112303},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112306,112307],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[44,112309,112311],{"className":46,"code":112310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112312,112313,112338,112361,112365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112314,112315,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112316,112317],{"class":59},"chars ",[53,112319,64],{"class":63},[53,112321,10041],{"class":67},[53,112323,72],{"class":71},[53,112325,195],{"class":75},[53,112327,72],{"class":71},[53,112329,81],{"class":67},[53,112331,84],{"class":71},[53,112333,704],{"class":75},[53,112335,72],{"class":71},[53,112337,8860],{"class":67},[53,112339,112340,112342,112344,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112341,351],{"class":59},[53,112343,64],{"class":63},[53,112345,112346],{"class":59}," chars",[53,112348,37],{"class":67},[53,112350,110655],{"class":117},[53,112352,121],{"class":67},[53,112354,72],{"class":71},[53,112356,36590],{"class":75},[53,112358,72],{"class":71},[53,112360,130],{"class":67},[53,112362,112363],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112364,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112366,112367,112369,112371,112373],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112368,137],{"class":136},[53,112370,121],{"class":67},[53,112372,383],{"class":117},[53,112374,130],{"class":67},[20,112376,29574],{},[44,112378,112380],{"className":46,"code":112379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112381,112382],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112383,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112385,8829],{"class":67},[53,112387,2862],{"class":71},[53,112389,195],{"class":75},[53,112391,2862],{"class":71},[53,112393,81],{"class":67},[53,112395,2857],{"class":71},[53,112397,704],{"class":75},[53,112399,2862],{"class":71},[53,112401,81],{"class":67},[53,112403,2857],{"class":71},[53,112405,713],{"class":75},[53,112407,2862],{"class":71},[53,112409,81],{"class":67},[53,112411,2857],{"class":71},[53,112413,62819],{"class":75},[53,112415,2862],{"class":71},[53,112417,8860],{"class":67},[20,112419,21734,112420,112423],{},[15,112421,112422],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[173,112425,112426,112430,112434],{},[176,112427,112428],{},[15,112429,65864],{},[176,112431,112432],{},[15,112433,17643],{},[176,112435,112436],{},[15,112437,112438],{},"\"t\"",[39,112440,112442,10136,112444],{"id":112441},"union-vs-update",[15,112443,102185],{},[15,112445,14505],{},[20,112447,112448,667,112450,112452],{},[15,112449,102185],{},[15,112451,14505],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1418,112454,112455],{"id":110655},[15,112456,102185],{},[173,112458,112459,112461],{},[176,112460,110017],{},[176,112462,110026],{},[44,112464,112465],{"className":46,"code":111550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112466,112467,112483,112499,112503,112521,112525,112537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112468,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112470,2112],{"class":59},[53,112472,64],{"class":63},[53,112474,10041],{"class":67},[53,112476,517],{"class":333},[53,112478,81],{"class":67},[53,112480,790],{"class":333},[53,112482,8860],{"class":67},[53,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112486,2140],{"class":59},[53,112488,64],{"class":63},[53,112490,10041],{"class":67},[53,112492,525],{"class":333},[53,112494,81],{"class":67},[53,112496,1269],{"class":333},[53,112498,8860],{"class":67},[53,112500,112501],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112502,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112504,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112506,351],{"class":59},[53,112508,64],{"class":63},[53,112510,56423],{"class":59},[53,112512,37],{"class":67},[53,112514,110655],{"class":117},[53,112516,121],{"class":67},[53,112518,704],{"class":117},[53,112520,130],{"class":67},[53,112522,112523],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112524,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112526,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,112528,137],{"class":136},[53,112530,121],{"class":67},[53,112532,383],{"class":117},[53,112534,145],{"class":67},[53,112536,111623],{"class":148},[53,112538,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,112540,137],{"class":136},[53,112542,121],{"class":67},[53,112544,195],{"class":117},[53,112546,145],{"class":67},[53,112548,111636],{"class":148},[1418,112550,112551],{"id":30009},[15,112552,14505],{},[173,112554,112555,112558],{},[176,112556,112557],{},"changes the existing set in place",[176,112559,112560],{},"does not create a separate result set",[44,112562,112564],{"className":46,"code":112563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112565,112566,112582,112598,112602,112616,112620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112567,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112569,2112],{"class":59},[53,112571,64],{"class":63},[53,112573,10041],{"class":67},[53,112575,517],{"class":333},[53,112577,81],{"class":67},[53,112579,790],{"class":333},[53,112581,8860],{"class":67},[53,112583,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112585,2140],{"class":59},[53,112587,64],{"class":63},[53,112589,10041],{"class":67},[53,112591,525],{"class":333},[53,112593,81],{"class":67},[53,112595,1269],{"class":333},[53,112597,8860],{"class":67},[53,112599,112600],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112601,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112603,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112605,195],{"class":59},[53,112607,37],{"class":67},[53,112609,30009],{"class":117},[53,112611,121],{"class":67},[53,112613,704],{"class":117},[53,112615,130],{"class":67},[53,112617,112618],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112619,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112621,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,112623,137],{"class":136},[53,112625,121],{"class":67},[53,112627,195],{"class":117},[53,112629,145],{"class":67},[53,112631,111623],{"class":148},[20,112633,152,112634,112636],{},[15,112635,102185],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112638,112639,112640,37],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[195,112641,3138,112642,660],{"href":97905},[15,112643,96700],{},[39,112645,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,112647,8001,112649,112651],{"id":112648},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112650,102185],{}," to change the original set",[20,112653,81210],{},[44,112655,112657],{"className":46,"code":112656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112658,112659,112675,112691,112695,112709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112660,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112662,2112],{"class":59},[53,112664,64],{"class":63},[53,112666,10041],{"class":67},[53,112668,517],{"class":333},[53,112670,81],{"class":67},[53,112672,790],{"class":333},[53,112674,8860],{"class":67},[53,112676,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112678,2140],{"class":59},[53,112680,64],{"class":63},[53,112682,10041],{"class":67},[53,112684,525],{"class":333},[53,112686,81],{"class":67},[53,112688,1269],{"class":333},[53,112690,8860],{"class":67},[53,112692,112693],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112694,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112696,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112698,195],{"class":59},[53,112700,37],{"class":67},[53,112702,110655],{"class":117},[53,112704,121],{"class":67},[53,112706,704],{"class":117},[53,112708,130],{"class":67},[53,112710,112711,112713,112715,112717],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112712,137],{"class":136},[53,112714,121],{"class":67},[53,112716,195],{"class":117},[53,112718,130],{"class":67},[20,112720,388],{},[44,112722,112723],{"className":46,"code":99893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112724,112725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112726,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112728,8829],{"class":67},[53,112730,517],{"class":333},[53,112732,81],{"class":67},[53,112734,790],{"class":333},[53,112736,8860],{"class":67},[20,112738,8044,112739,112741],{},[15,112740,102185],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112743,112744],{},"Fix it like this:",[44,112746,112748],{"className":46,"code":112747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112749,112750,112766,112782,112786,112804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112751,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112753,2112],{"class":59},[53,112755,64],{"class":63},[53,112757,10041],{"class":67},[53,112759,517],{"class":333},[53,112761,81],{"class":67},[53,112763,790],{"class":333},[53,112765,8860],{"class":67},[53,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112769,2140],{"class":59},[53,112771,64],{"class":63},[53,112773,10041],{"class":67},[53,112775,525],{"class":333},[53,112777,81],{"class":67},[53,112779,1269],{"class":333},[53,112781,8860],{"class":67},[53,112783,112784],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112785,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112789,2112],{"class":59},[53,112791,64],{"class":63},[53,112793,56423],{"class":59},[53,112795,37],{"class":67},[53,112797,110655],{"class":117},[53,112799,121],{"class":67},[53,112801,704],{"class":117},[53,112803,130],{"class":67},[53,112805,112806,112808,112810,112812],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,112807,137],{"class":136},[53,112809,121],{"class":67},[53,112811,195],{"class":117},[53,112813,130],{"class":67},[1418,112815,112817],{"id":112816},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112819,112820],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[44,112822,112824],{"className":46,"code":112823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112825,112826,112842,112858,112862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112829,2112],{"class":59},[53,112831,64],{"class":63},[53,112833,10041],{"class":67},[53,112835,882],{"class":333},[53,112837,81],{"class":67},[53,112839,821],{"class":333},[53,112841,8860],{"class":67},[53,112843,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112845,2140],{"class":59},[53,112847,64],{"class":63},[53,112849,10041],{"class":67},[53,112851,525],{"class":333},[53,112853,81],{"class":67},[53,112855,826],{"class":333},[53,112857,8860],{"class":67},[53,112859,112860],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112861,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,112863,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,112865,137],{"class":136},[53,112867,121],{"class":67},[53,112869,195],{"class":117},[53,112871,37],{"class":67},[53,112873,110655],{"class":117},[53,112875,121],{"class":67},[53,112877,704],{"class":117},[53,112879,628],{"class":67},[20,112881,112882],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1418,112884,112886],{"id":112885},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[44,112888,112890],{"className":46,"code":112889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112891,112892,112908,112930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112893,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112895,3631],{"class":59},[53,112897,64],{"class":63},[53,112899,10041],{"class":67},[53,112901,72],{"class":71},[53,112903,57661],{"class":75},[53,112905,72],{"class":71},[53,112907,8860],{"class":67},[53,112909,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112911,351],{"class":59},[53,112913,64],{"class":63},[53,112915,5720],{"class":59},[53,112917,37],{"class":67},[53,112919,110655],{"class":117},[53,112921,121],{"class":67},[53,112923,72],{"class":71},[53,112925,36590],{"class":75},[53,112927,72],{"class":71},[53,112929,130],{"class":67},[53,112931,112932,112934,112936,112938],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,112933,137],{"class":136},[53,112935,121],{"class":67},[53,112937,383],{"class":117},[53,112939,130],{"class":67},[20,112941,112942,112943,891,112945,894,112947,112949,112950,112952],{},"This adds ",[15,112944,65864],{},[15,112946,17643],{},[15,112948,112438],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112951,112422],{}," as one item.",[20,112954,112955],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[44,112957,112959],{"className":46,"code":112958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112960,112961,112977,112999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112962,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112964,3631],{"class":59},[53,112966,64],{"class":63},[53,112968,10041],{"class":67},[53,112970,72],{"class":71},[53,112972,57661],{"class":75},[53,112974,72],{"class":71},[53,112976,8860],{"class":67},[53,112978,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112980,351],{"class":59},[53,112982,64],{"class":63},[53,112984,5720],{"class":59},[53,112986,37],{"class":67},[53,112988,110655],{"class":117},[53,112990,2546],{"class":67},[53,112992,72],{"class":71},[53,112994,36590],{"class":75},[53,112996,72],{"class":71},[53,112998,3449],{"class":67},[53,113000,113001,113003,113005,113007],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113002,137],{"class":136},[53,113004,121],{"class":67},[53,113006,383],{"class":117},[53,113008,130],{"class":67},[1418,113010,113012],{"id":113011},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113014,2396],{},[44,113016,113018],{"className":46,"code":113017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113019,113020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113023,15180],{"class":59},[53,113025,64],{"class":63},[53,113027,10041],{"class":67},[53,113029,517],{"class":333},[53,113031,81],{"class":67},[53,113033,790],{"class":333},[53,113035,81],{"class":67},[53,113037,68],{"class":67},[53,113039,882],{"class":333},[53,113041,81],{"class":67},[53,113043,826],{"class":333},[53,113045,13256],{"class":67},[20,113047,113048],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113050,113051,113052,171],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113053,102185],{},[44,113055,113057],{"className":46,"code":113056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113058,113059,113075,113097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113060,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113062,15180],{"class":59},[53,113064,64],{"class":63},[53,113066,10041],{"class":67},[53,113068,517],{"class":333},[53,113070,81],{"class":67},[53,113072,790],{"class":333},[53,113074,8860],{"class":67},[53,113076,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113078,351],{"class":59},[53,113080,64],{"class":63},[53,113082,96310],{"class":59},[53,113084,37],{"class":67},[53,113086,110655],{"class":117},[53,113088,2546],{"class":67},[53,113090,882],{"class":333},[53,113092,81],{"class":67},[53,113094,826],{"class":333},[53,113096,3449],{"class":67},[53,113098,113099,113101,113103,113105],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113100,137],{"class":136},[53,113102,121],{"class":67},[53,113104,383],{"class":117},[53,113106,130],{"class":67},[39,113108,113110],{"id":113109},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113112,113113],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[173,113115,113116,113122,113129,113132],{},[176,113117,113118,113119,113121],{},"call ",[15,113120,102185],{}," without saving the returned set",[176,113123,113124,113125,8254,113127],{},"confuse ",[15,113126,102185],{},[15,113128,14505],{},[176,113130,113131],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[176,113133,113134],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113136,113137,113138,667,113142,37],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[195,113139,3138,113140,660],{"href":102174},[15,113141,105959],{},[195,113143,3138,113145,660],{"href":113144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113146,99805],{},[20,113148,61827],{},[44,113150,113152],{"className":46,"code":113151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113153,113154,113164,113178,113188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113157,137],{"class":136},[53,113159,121],{"class":67},[53,113161,15218],{"class":117},[53,113163,130],{"class":67},[53,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113167,137],{"class":136},[53,113169,121],{"class":67},[53,113171,1321],{"class":1320},[53,113173,121],{"class":67},[53,113175,15218],{"class":117},[53,113177,628],{"class":67},[53,113179,113180,113182,113184,113186],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113181,137],{"class":136},[53,113183,121],{"class":67},[53,113185,383],{"class":117},[53,113187,130],{"class":67},[53,113189,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113191,31697],{"class":136},[53,113193,121],{"class":67},[53,113195,5839],{"class":1320},[53,113197,37],{"class":67},[53,113199,110655],{"class":1223},[53,113201,130],{"class":67},[39,113203,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,113205,1431,113207,102125],{"id":113206},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113208,107429],{},[20,113210,102128],{},[1418,113212,1446,113214,113216],{"id":113213},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113215,102185],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113218,113219],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1418,113221,27872,113223,113225],{"id":113222},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113224,102185],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113227,41694,113228,113230],{},[15,113229,102185],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1418,113232,113234],{"id":113233},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113236,113237],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1418,113239,4731,113241,667,113243,1459],{"id":113240},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113242,102185],{},[15,113244,113245],{},"|",[20,113247,113248,113249,113251,113252,113254],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113250,113245],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113253,102185],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[39,113256,1471],{"id":1470},[173,113258,113259,113263,113269,113275,113281],{},[176,113260,113261],{},[195,113262,95714],{"href":96885},[176,113264,113265],{},[195,113266,3138,113267,660],{"href":97905},[15,113268,96700],{},[176,113270,113271],{},[195,113272,3138,113273,660],{"href":102174},[15,113274,105959],{},[176,113276,113277],{},[195,113278,3138,113279,660],{"href":113144},[15,113280,99805],{},[176,113282,113283],{},[195,113284,99730],{"href":98463},[1494,113286,113287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":113289},[113290,113291,113293,113294,113295,113296,113298,113304,113309,113316,113317,113328],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":111385,"depth":104,"text":113292},"What set.union() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":21514,"depth":104,"text":21515},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":111872,"depth":104,"text":113297},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112030,"depth":104,"text":113299,"children":113300},"Using union() with other iterables",[113301,113302,113303],{"id":112041,"depth":133,"text":112042},{"id":112161,"depth":133,"text":112162},{"id":112303,"depth":133,"text":112304},{"id":112441,"depth":104,"text":113305,"children":113306},"union() vs update()",[113307,113308],{"id":110655,"depth":133,"text":102185},{"id":30009,"depth":133,"text":14505},{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":113310},[113311,113313,113314,113315],{"id":112648,"depth":133,"text":113312},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112816,"depth":133,"text":112817},{"id":112885,"depth":133,"text":112886},{"id":113011,"depth":133,"text":113012},{"id":113109,"depth":104,"text":113110},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":113318},[113319,113321,113323,113325,113326],{"id":113206,"depth":133,"text":113320},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113213,"depth":133,"text":113322},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113222,"depth":133,"text":113324},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113233,"depth":133,"text":113234},{"id":113240,"depth":133,"text":113327},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111265,"description":113329},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113335,"title":113336,"body":113337,"description":115226,"extension":1524,"meta":115227,"navigation":372,"path":96199,"seo":115228,"stem":115229,"__hash__":115230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113338,"toc":115192},[113339,113344,113349,113357,113359,113417,113422,113427,113431,113443,113446,113520,113525,113527,113529,113548,113550,113567,113570,113597,113599,113669,113673,113675,113681,113683,113744,113749,113751,113808,113812,113817,113882,113884,113904,113911,113915,113920,114005,114008,114015,114118,114122,114127,114185,114188,114199,114213,114220,114278,114285,114288,114298,114302,114360,114364,114430,114433,114491,114498,114505,114508,114512,114521,114590,114594,114600,114688,114698,114702,114706,114710,114713,114774,114779,114836,114840,114842,114877,114884,114886,114940,114947,114951,114954,115019,115028,115034,115091,115093,115098,115102,115106,115109,115116,115124,115128,115133,115137,115143,115145,115180,115189],[10,113340,95586,113342,18],{"id":113341},"python-set-update-method",[15,113343,14505],{},[20,113345,113346,113348],{},[15,113347,96700],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113350,113351,113352,113356],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[195,113353,113354],{"href":97886},[15,113355,95594],{},", which adds only one item.",[39,113358,42],{"id":41},[44,113360,113362],{"className":46,"code":113361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113363,113364,113380,113402,113412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113365,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113367,326],{"class":59},[53,113369,64],{"class":63},[53,113371,10041],{"class":67},[53,113373,517],{"class":333},[53,113375,81],{"class":67},[53,113377,790],{"class":333},[53,113379,8860],{"class":67},[53,113381,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113383,3209],{"class":59},[53,113385,37],{"class":67},[53,113387,30009],{"class":117},[53,113389,2546],{"class":67},[53,113391,525],{"class":333},[53,113393,81],{"class":67},[53,113395,1269],{"class":333},[53,113397,81],{"class":67},[53,113399,826],{"class":333},[53,113401,3449],{"class":67},[53,113403,113404,113406,113408,113410],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113405,137],{"class":136},[53,113407,121],{"class":67},[53,113409,3209],{"class":117},[53,113411,130],{"class":67},[53,113413,113414],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113415,113416],{"class":148},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113418,152,113419,113421],{},[15,113420,14505],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[39,113423,163,113425,166],{"id":113424},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113426,96700],{},[20,113428,113429,171],{},[15,113430,96700],{},[173,113432,113433,113436,113438,113441],{},[176,113434,113435],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[176,113437,95701],{},[176,113439,113440],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[176,113442,95704],{},[20,113444,113445],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[44,113447,113449],{"className":46,"code":113448,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113450,113451,113475,113501,113505,113515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471,113473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113454,561],{"class":59},[53,113456,64],{"class":63},[53,113458,10041],{"class":67},[53,113460,72],{"class":71},[53,113462,570],{"class":75},[53,113464,72],{"class":71},[53,113466,81],{"class":67},[53,113468,84],{"class":71},[53,113470,579],{"class":75},[53,113472,72],{"class":71},[53,113474,8860],{"class":67},[53,113476,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113478,613],{"class":59},[53,113480,37],{"class":67},[53,113482,30009],{"class":117},[53,113484,2546],{"class":67},[53,113486,72],{"class":71},[53,113488,579],{"class":75},[53,113490,72],{"class":71},[53,113492,81],{"class":67},[53,113494,84],{"class":71},[53,113496,596],{"class":75},[53,113498,72],{"class":71},[53,113500,3449],{"class":67},[53,113502,113503],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113504,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113508,137],{"class":136},[53,113510,121],{"class":67},[53,113512,613],{"class":117},[53,113514,130],{"class":67},[53,113516,113517],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113518,113519],{"class":148},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113521,642,113522,113524],{},[15,113523,110420],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[39,113526,202],{"id":201},[20,113528,6769],{},[44,113530,113532],{"className":46,"code":113531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113533,113534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113535,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113537,15218],{"class":59},[53,113539,37],{"class":67},[53,113541,30009],{"class":117},[53,113543,121],{"class":67},[53,113545,3280],{"class":117},[53,113547,130],{"class":67},[20,113549,79586],{},[173,113551,113552,113555,113558,113561,113564],{},[176,113553,113554],{},"A list",[176,113556,113557],{},"A tuple",[176,113559,113560],{},"Another set",[176,113562,113563],{},"A string",[176,113565,113566],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113568,113569],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[44,113571,113573],{"className":46,"code":113572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113574,113575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113576,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113578,15218],{"class":59},[53,113580,37],{"class":67},[53,113582,30009],{"class":117},[53,113584,121],{"class":67},[53,113586,195],{"class":117},[53,113588,81],{"class":67},[53,113590,2117],{"class":117},[53,113592,81],{"class":67},[53,113594,9233],{"class":117},[53,113596,130],{"class":67},[20,113598,316],{},[44,113600,113602],{"className":46,"code":113601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113603,113604,113616,113650,113654,113664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113605,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113607,3383],{"class":59},[53,113609,64],{"class":63},[53,113611,10041],{"class":67},[53,113613,517],{"class":333},[53,113615,8860],{"class":67},[53,113617,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113619,4911],{"class":59},[53,113621,37],{"class":67},[53,113623,30009],{"class":117},[53,113625,2546],{"class":67},[53,113627,525],{"class":333},[53,113629,81],{"class":67},[53,113631,1269],{"class":333},[53,113633,17609],{"class":67},[53,113635,8787],{"class":67},[53,113637,2062],{"class":333},[53,113639,81],{"class":67},[53,113641,4162],{"class":333},[53,113643,8784],{"class":67},[53,113645,10041],{"class":67},[53,113647,79977],{"class":333},[53,113649,30041],{"class":67},[53,113651,113652],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113653,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113657,137],{"class":136},[53,113659,121],{"class":67},[53,113661,4911],{"class":117},[53,113663,130],{"class":67},[53,113665,113666],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113667,113668],{"class":148},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113670,95710,113671,37],{},[195,113672,95718],{"href":97269},[39,113674,21515],{"id":21514},[20,113676,113677,532,113679,37],{},[15,113678,96700],{},[15,113680,3338],{},[20,113682,11265],{},[44,113684,113686],{"className":46,"code":113685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113687,113688,113704,113726,113730,113740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113689,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113691,326],{"class":59},[53,113693,64],{"class":63},[53,113695,10041],{"class":67},[53,113697,517],{"class":333},[53,113699,81],{"class":67},[53,113701,790],{"class":333},[53,113703,8860],{"class":67},[53,113705,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113707,351],{"class":59},[53,113709,64],{"class":63},[53,113711,356],{"class":59},[53,113713,37],{"class":67},[53,113715,30009],{"class":117},[53,113717,2546],{"class":67},[53,113719,882],{"class":333},[53,113721,81],{"class":67},[53,113723,826],{"class":333},[53,113725,3449],{"class":67},[53,113727,113728],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113729,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113731,113732,113734,113736,113738],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113733,137],{"class":136},[53,113735,121],{"class":67},[53,113737,383],{"class":117},[53,113739,130],{"class":67},[53,113741,113742],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113743,61363],{"class":148},[20,113745,113746,113747,37],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113748,383],{},[20,113750,18515],{},[44,113752,113754],{"className":46,"code":113753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113755,113756,113772,113790,113794,113804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113757,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113759,326],{"class":59},[53,113761,64],{"class":63},[53,113763,10041],{"class":67},[53,113765,517],{"class":333},[53,113767,81],{"class":67},[53,113769,790],{"class":333},[53,113771,8860],{"class":67},[53,113773,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113775,3209],{"class":59},[53,113777,37],{"class":67},[53,113779,30009],{"class":117},[53,113781,2546],{"class":67},[53,113783,882],{"class":333},[53,113785,81],{"class":67},[53,113787,826],{"class":333},[53,113789,3449],{"class":67},[53,113791,113792],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113793,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113795,113796,113798,113800,113802],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113797,137],{"class":136},[53,113799,121],{"class":67},[53,113801,3209],{"class":117},[53,113803,130],{"class":67},[53,113805,113806],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113807,113416],{"class":148},[39,113809,113811],{"id":113810},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113813,113814,113815,37],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113816,14505],{},[44,113818,113820],{"className":46,"code":113819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113821,113822,113838,113864,113868,113878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113823,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113825,326],{"class":59},[53,113827,64],{"class":63},[53,113829,10041],{"class":67},[53,113831,517],{"class":333},[53,113833,81],{"class":67},[53,113835,790],{"class":333},[53,113837,8860],{"class":67},[53,113839,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113841,3209],{"class":59},[53,113843,37],{"class":67},[53,113845,30009],{"class":117},[53,113847,2546],{"class":67},[53,113849,525],{"class":333},[53,113851,81],{"class":67},[53,113853,1269],{"class":333},[53,113855,81],{"class":67},[53,113857,826],{"class":333},[53,113859,81],{"class":67},[53,113861,826],{"class":333},[53,113863,3449],{"class":67},[53,113865,113866],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113867,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113871,137],{"class":136},[53,113873,121],{"class":67},[53,113875,3209],{"class":117},[53,113877,130],{"class":67},[53,113879,113880],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113881,113416],{"class":148},[20,113883,11234],{},[173,113885,113886,113891,113898],{},[176,113887,113888,113890],{},[15,113889,525],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[176,113892,113893,667,113895,113897],{},[15,113894,882],{},[15,113896,2062],{}," are added",[176,113899,113900,113901,113903],{},"The second ",[15,113902,2062],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113905,113906,113907,113910],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[195,113908,113909],{"href":98463},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[39,113912,113914],{"id":113913},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113916,7315,113917,113919],{},[15,113918,14505],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[44,113921,113923],{"className":46,"code":113922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113924,113925,113946,113967,113971,113987,113991,114001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113926,113927,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113928,113929],{"class":59},"set_a ",[53,113931,64],{"class":63},[53,113933,10041],{"class":67},[53,113935,517],{"class":333},[53,113937,81],{"class":67},[53,113939,790],{"class":333},[53,113941,81],{"class":67},[53,113943,1269],{"class":333},[53,113945,8860],{"class":67},[53,113947,113948,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113949,113950],{"class":59},"set_b ",[53,113952,64],{"class":63},[53,113954,10041],{"class":67},[53,113956,882],{"class":333},[53,113958,81],{"class":67},[53,113960,826],{"class":333},[53,113962,81],{"class":67},[53,113964,4162],{"class":333},[53,113966,8860],{"class":67},[53,113968,113969],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,113970,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113972,113973,113976,113978,113980,113982,113985],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,113974,113975],{"class":59},"set_a",[53,113977,37],{"class":67},[53,113979,30009],{"class":117},[53,113981,121],{"class":67},[53,113983,113984],{"class":117},"set_b",[53,113986,130],{"class":67},[53,113988,113989],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,113990,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,113992,113993,113995,113997,113999],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,113994,137],{"class":136},[53,113996,121],{"class":67},[53,113998,113975],{"class":117},[53,114000,130],{"class":67},[53,114002,114003],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,114004,111377],{"class":148},[20,114006,114007],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114009,114010,114011,37],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[195,114012,114013],{"href":102182},[15,114014,107429],{},[44,114016,114018],{"className":46,"code":114017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114019,114020,114040,114060,114064,114084,114088,114099,114103,114113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114021,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114023,113929],{"class":59},[53,114025,64],{"class":63},[53,114027,10041],{"class":67},[53,114029,517],{"class":333},[53,114031,81],{"class":67},[53,114033,790],{"class":333},[53,114035,81],{"class":67},[53,114037,1269],{"class":333},[53,114039,8860],{"class":67},[53,114041,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114043,113950],{"class":59},[53,114045,64],{"class":63},[53,114047,10041],{"class":67},[53,114049,882],{"class":333},[53,114051,81],{"class":67},[53,114053,826],{"class":333},[53,114055,81],{"class":67},[53,114057,4162],{"class":333},[53,114059,8860],{"class":67},[53,114061,114062],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114063,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114065,114066,114069,114071,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114067,114068],{"class":59},"combined ",[53,114070,64],{"class":63},[53,114072,114073],{"class":59}," set_a",[53,114075,37],{"class":67},[53,114077,110655],{"class":117},[53,114079,121],{"class":67},[53,114081,113984],{"class":117},[53,114083,130],{"class":67},[53,114085,114086],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114087,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114089,114090,114092,114094,114097],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,114091,137],{"class":136},[53,114093,121],{"class":67},[53,114095,114096],{"class":117},"combined",[53,114098,130],{"class":67},[53,114100,114101],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,114102,111377],{"class":148},[53,114104,114105,114107,114109,114111],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,114106,137],{"class":136},[53,114108,121],{"class":67},[53,114110,113975],{"class":117},[53,114112,130],{"class":67},[53,114114,114115],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,114116,114117],{"class":148},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,114119,114121],{"id":114120},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114123,64272,114124,114126],{},[15,114125,14505],{}," adds each character separately.",[44,114128,114130],{"className":46,"code":114129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114131,114132,114148,114166,114170,114180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114135,687],{"class":59},[53,114137,64],{"class":63},[53,114139,10041],{"class":67},[53,114141,72],{"class":71},[53,114143,1735],{"class":75},[53,114145,72],{"class":71},[53,114147,8860],{"class":67},[53,114149,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114151,747],{"class":59},[53,114153,37],{"class":67},[53,114155,30009],{"class":117},[53,114157,121],{"class":67},[53,114159,72],{"class":71},[53,114161,36590],{"class":75},[53,114163,72],{"class":71},[53,114165,130],{"class":67},[53,114167,114168],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114169,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114171,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114173,137],{"class":136},[53,114175,121],{"class":67},[53,114177,747],{"class":117},[53,114179,130],{"class":67},[53,114181,114182],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114183,114184],{"class":148},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114186,114187],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114189,114190,13604,114193,114195,114196,114198],{},[15,114191,114192],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114194,1112],{}," add ",[15,114197,112422],{}," as one item. It adds:",[173,114200,114201,114205,114209],{},[176,114202,114203],{},[15,114204,65864],{},[176,114206,114207],{},[15,114208,17643],{},[176,114210,114211],{},[15,114212,112438],{},[20,114214,114215,114216,171],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[195,114217,114218],{"href":97886},[15,114219,95594],{},[44,114221,114223],{"className":46,"code":114222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114224,114225,114241,114259,114263,114273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114226,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114228,3631],{"class":59},[53,114230,64],{"class":63},[53,114232,10041],{"class":67},[53,114234,72],{"class":71},[53,114236,57661],{"class":75},[53,114238,72],{"class":71},[53,114240,8860],{"class":67},[53,114242,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114244,3672],{"class":59},[53,114246,37],{"class":67},[53,114248,81489],{"class":117},[53,114250,121],{"class":67},[53,114252,72],{"class":71},[53,114254,36590],{"class":75},[53,114256,72],{"class":71},[53,114258,130],{"class":67},[53,114260,114261],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114262,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114264,114265,114267,114269,114271],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114266,137],{"class":136},[53,114268,121],{"class":67},[53,114270,3672],{"class":117},[53,114272,130],{"class":67},[53,114274,114275],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114276,114277],{"class":148},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[39,114279,114281,10136,114283],{"id":114280},"update-vs-add",[15,114282,14505],{},[15,114284,95589],{},[20,114286,114287],{},"The difference is simple:",[173,114289,114290,114294],{},[176,114291,114292,96188],{},[15,114293,95589],{},[176,114295,114296,96193],{},[15,114297,14505],{},[20,114299,45584,114300,171],{},[15,114301,95589],{},[44,114303,114305],{"className":46,"code":114304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114306,114307,114323,114341,114345,114355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114308,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114310,420],{"class":59},[53,114312,64],{"class":63},[53,114314,10041],{"class":67},[53,114316,72],{"class":71},[53,114318,76],{"class":75},[53,114320,72],{"class":71},[53,114322,8860],{"class":67},[53,114324,114325,114327,114329,114331,114333,114335,114337,114339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114326,35833],{"class":59},[53,114328,37],{"class":67},[53,114330,81489],{"class":117},[53,114332,121],{"class":67},[53,114334,72],{"class":71},[53,114336,87],{"class":75},[53,114338,72],{"class":71},[53,114340,130],{"class":67},[53,114342,114343],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114344,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114346,114347,114349,114351,114353],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114348,137],{"class":136},[53,114350,121],{"class":67},[53,114352,35833],{"class":117},[53,114354,130],{"class":67},[53,114356,114357],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114358,114359],{"class":148},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114361,45584,114362,171],{},[15,114363,14505],{},[44,114365,114367],{"className":46,"code":114366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114368,114369,114385,114411,114415,114425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114370,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114372,420],{"class":59},[53,114374,64],{"class":63},[53,114376,10041],{"class":67},[53,114378,72],{"class":71},[53,114380,76],{"class":75},[53,114382,72],{"class":71},[53,114384,8860],{"class":67},[53,114386,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405,114407,114409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114388,35833],{"class":59},[53,114390,37],{"class":67},[53,114392,30009],{"class":117},[53,114394,2546],{"class":67},[53,114396,72],{"class":71},[53,114398,87],{"class":75},[53,114400,72],{"class":71},[53,114402,81],{"class":67},[53,114404,84],{"class":71},[53,114406,967],{"class":75},[53,114408,72],{"class":71},[53,114410,3449],{"class":67},[53,114412,114413],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114414,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114416,114417,114419,114421,114423],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114418,137],{"class":136},[53,114420,121],{"class":67},[53,114422,35833],{"class":117},[53,114424,130],{"class":67},[53,114426,114427],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114428,114429],{"class":148},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114431,114432],{},"Important warning with strings:",[44,114434,114436],{"className":46,"code":114435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114437,114438,114454,114472,114476,114486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114439,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114441,420],{"class":59},[53,114443,64],{"class":63},[53,114445,10041],{"class":67},[53,114447,72],{"class":71},[53,114449,76],{"class":75},[53,114451,72],{"class":71},[53,114453,8860],{"class":67},[53,114455,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114457,35833],{"class":59},[53,114459,37],{"class":67},[53,114461,30009],{"class":117},[53,114463,121],{"class":67},[53,114465,72],{"class":71},[53,114467,37883],{"class":75},[53,114469,72],{"class":71},[53,114471,130],{"class":67},[53,114473,114474],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114475,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114477,114478,114480,114482,114484],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114479,137],{"class":136},[53,114481,121],{"class":67},[53,114483,35833],{"class":117},[53,114485,130],{"class":67},[53,114487,114488],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114489,114490],{"class":148},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114492,61638,114493,61711,114496,1442],{},[15,114494,114495],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114497,95589],{},[39,114499,114501,10136,114503],{"id":114500},"update-vs-union",[15,114502,14505],{},[15,114504,102185],{},[20,114506,114507],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1418,114509,114510],{"id":30009},[15,114511,14505],{},[173,114513,114514,114517],{},[176,114515,114516],{},"Changes the existing set",[176,114518,10973,114519],{},[15,114520,3338],{},[44,114522,114524],{"className":46,"code":114523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114525,114526,114542,114558,114562,114576,114586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114527,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114529,2112],{"class":59},[53,114531,64],{"class":63},[53,114533,10041],{"class":67},[53,114535,517],{"class":333},[53,114537,81],{"class":67},[53,114539,790],{"class":333},[53,114541,8860],{"class":67},[53,114543,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114545,2140],{"class":59},[53,114547,64],{"class":63},[53,114549,10041],{"class":67},[53,114551,525],{"class":333},[53,114553,81],{"class":67},[53,114555,1269],{"class":333},[53,114557,8860],{"class":67},[53,114559,114560],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114561,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114563,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114565,195],{"class":59},[53,114567,37],{"class":67},[53,114569,30009],{"class":117},[53,114571,121],{"class":67},[53,114573,704],{"class":117},[53,114575,130],{"class":67},[53,114577,114578,114580,114582,114584],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114579,137],{"class":136},[53,114581,121],{"class":67},[53,114583,195],{"class":117},[53,114585,130],{"class":67},[53,114587,114588],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,114589,114117],{"class":148},[1418,114591,114592],{"id":110655},[15,114593,102185],{},[173,114595,114596,114598],{},[176,114597,100723],{},[176,114599,100726],{},[44,114601,114603],{"className":46,"code":114602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114604,114605,114621,114637,114641,114659,114669,114673,114683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114606,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114608,2112],{"class":59},[53,114610,64],{"class":63},[53,114612,10041],{"class":67},[53,114614,517],{"class":333},[53,114616,81],{"class":67},[53,114618,790],{"class":333},[53,114620,8860],{"class":67},[53,114622,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114624,2140],{"class":59},[53,114626,64],{"class":63},[53,114628,10041],{"class":67},[53,114630,525],{"class":333},[53,114632,81],{"class":67},[53,114634,1269],{"class":333},[53,114636,8860],{"class":67},[53,114638,114639],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114640,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114642,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114644,82569],{"class":59},[53,114646,64],{"class":63},[53,114648,56423],{"class":59},[53,114650,37],{"class":67},[53,114652,110655],{"class":117},[53,114654,121],{"class":67},[53,114656,704],{"class":117},[53,114658,130],{"class":67},[53,114660,114661,114663,114665,114667],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114662,137],{"class":136},[53,114664,121],{"class":67},[53,114666,713],{"class":117},[53,114668,130],{"class":67},[53,114670,114671],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,114672,114117],{"class":148},[53,114674,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,114676,137],{"class":136},[53,114678,121],{"class":67},[53,114680,195],{"class":117},[53,114682,130],{"class":67},[53,114684,114685],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,114686,114687],{"class":148},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114689,107071,114690,114692,114693,114697],{},[15,114691,14505],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[195,114694,114695],{"href":102182},[15,114696,102185],{}," when you want a new set.",[39,114699,114701],{"id":114700},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114703,10297,114704,37],{},[15,114705,96700],{},[1418,114707,114709],{"id":114708},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114711,114712],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[44,114714,114716],{"className":46,"code":114715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114717,114718,114734,114756,114760,114770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114719,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728,114730,114732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114721,15180],{"class":59},[53,114723,64],{"class":63},[53,114725,10041],{"class":67},[53,114727,517],{"class":333},[53,114729,81],{"class":67},[53,114731,790],{"class":333},[53,114733,8860],{"class":67},[53,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114737,351],{"class":59},[53,114739,64],{"class":63},[53,114741,96310],{"class":59},[53,114743,37],{"class":67},[53,114745,30009],{"class":117},[53,114747,2546],{"class":67},[53,114749,882],{"class":333},[53,114751,81],{"class":67},[53,114753,826],{"class":333},[53,114755,3449],{"class":67},[53,114757,114758],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114759,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114763,137],{"class":136},[53,114765,121],{"class":67},[53,114767,383],{"class":117},[53,114769,130],{"class":67},[53,114771,114772],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114773,61363],{"class":148},[20,114775,114776,114777,171],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114778,14505],{},[44,114780,114782],{"className":46,"code":114781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114783,114784,114800,114818,114822,114832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114785,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114787,15180],{"class":59},[53,114789,64],{"class":63},[53,114791,10041],{"class":67},[53,114793,517],{"class":333},[53,114795,81],{"class":67},[53,114797,790],{"class":333},[53,114799,8860],{"class":67},[53,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814,114816],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114803,15218],{"class":59},[53,114805,37],{"class":67},[53,114807,30009],{"class":117},[53,114809,2546],{"class":67},[53,114811,882],{"class":333},[53,114813,81],{"class":67},[53,114815,826],{"class":333},[53,114817,3449],{"class":67},[53,114819,114820],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114821,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114823,114824,114826,114828,114830],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114825,137],{"class":136},[53,114827,121],{"class":67},[53,114829,15218],{"class":117},[53,114831,130],{"class":67},[53,114833,114834],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114835,113416],{"class":148},[1418,114837,114839],{"id":114838},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114841,2396],{},[44,114843,114845],{"className":46,"code":114844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114846,114847,114863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114848,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114850,15180],{"class":59},[53,114852,64],{"class":63},[53,114854,10041],{"class":67},[53,114856,517],{"class":333},[53,114858,81],{"class":67},[53,114860,790],{"class":333},[53,114862,8860],{"class":67},[53,114864,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114866,15218],{"class":59},[53,114868,37],{"class":67},[53,114870,30009],{"class":117},[53,114872,121],{"class":67},[53,114874,1698],{"class":333},[53,114876,130],{"class":67},[20,114878,61817,114879,8150,114881,114883],{},[15,114880,2565],{},[15,114882,1698],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114885,6106],{},[44,114887,114889],{"className":46,"code":114888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114890,114891,114907,114921,114925,114935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114892,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903,114905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114894,15180],{"class":59},[53,114896,64],{"class":63},[53,114898,10041],{"class":67},[53,114900,517],{"class":333},[53,114902,81],{"class":67},[53,114904,790],{"class":333},[53,114906,8860],{"class":67},[53,114908,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114910,15218],{"class":59},[53,114912,37],{"class":67},[53,114914,30009],{"class":117},[53,114916,2546],{"class":67},[53,114918,1698],{"class":333},[53,114920,3449],{"class":67},[53,114922,114923],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,114924,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,114928,137],{"class":136},[53,114930,121],{"class":67},[53,114932,15218],{"class":117},[53,114934,130],{"class":67},[53,114936,114937],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,114938,114939],{"class":148},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114941,45457,114942,37],{},[195,114943,25225,114944],{"href":52142},[15,114945,114946],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1418,114948,114950],{"id":114949},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114952,114953],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[44,114955,114957],{"className":46,"code":114956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114958,114959,114975,115001,115005,115015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114962,15180],{"class":59},[53,114964,64],{"class":63},[53,114966,10041],{"class":67},[53,114968,517],{"class":333},[53,114970,81],{"class":67},[53,114972,790],{"class":333},[53,114974,8860],{"class":67},[53,114976,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114978,15218],{"class":59},[53,114980,37],{"class":67},[53,114982,30009],{"class":117},[53,114984,2546],{"class":67},[53,114986,525],{"class":333},[53,114988,81],{"class":67},[53,114990,790],{"class":333},[53,114992,81],{"class":67},[53,114994,790],{"class":333},[53,114996,81],{"class":67},[53,114998,1269],{"class":333},[53,115000,3449],{"class":67},[53,115002,115003],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115004,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115006,115007,115009,115011,115013],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115008,137],{"class":136},[53,115010,121],{"class":67},[53,115012,15218],{"class":117},[53,115014,130],{"class":67},[53,115016,115017],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115018,114117],{"class":148},[1418,115020,115022,115023,44173,115025,115027],{"id":115021},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115024,14505],{},[15,115026,95589],{}," is better",[20,115029,115030,115031,115033],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115032,95589],{}," is usually the better choice.",[44,115035,115037],{"className":46,"code":115036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115038,115039,115055,115073,115077,115087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115040,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115042,15180],{"class":59},[53,115044,64],{"class":63},[53,115046,10041],{"class":67},[53,115048,72],{"class":71},[53,115050,57661],{"class":75},[53,115052,72],{"class":71},[53,115054,8860],{"class":67},[53,115056,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115058,15218],{"class":59},[53,115060,37],{"class":67},[53,115062,81489],{"class":117},[53,115064,121],{"class":67},[53,115066,72],{"class":71},[53,115068,36590],{"class":75},[53,115070,72],{"class":71},[53,115072,130],{"class":67},[53,115074,115075],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115076,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115078,115079,115081,115083,115085],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115080,137],{"class":136},[53,115082,121],{"class":67},[53,115084,15218],{"class":117},[53,115086,130],{"class":67},[53,115088,115089],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115090,114277],{"class":148},[39,115092,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,115094,1431,115096,96679],{"id":115095},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115097,96700],{},[20,115099,96682,115100,37],{},[15,115101,3338],{},[1418,115103,27872,115104,31771],{"id":31768},[15,115105,14505],{},[20,115107,115108],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1418,115110,4731,115112,667,115114,1459],{"id":115111},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115113,95589],{},[15,115115,14505],{},[20,115117,115118,115120,115121,115123],{},[15,115119,95589],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115122,14505],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1418,115125,115127],{"id":115126},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115129,115130,115131,114126],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115132,14505],{},[1418,115134,115136],{"id":115135},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115138,152,115139,1175,115141,37],{},[15,115140,102185],{},[15,115142,14505],{},[39,115144,1471],{"id":1470},[173,115146,115147,115154,115161,115167,115173],{},[176,115148,115149],{},[195,115150,115151],{"href":97886},[15,115152,115153],{},"Python set add() method",[176,115155,115156],{},[195,115157,115158],{"href":102182},[15,115159,115160],{},"Python set union() method",[176,115162,115163],{},[195,115164,115165],{"href":97269},[15,115166,96724],{},[176,115168,115169],{},[195,115170,115171],{"href":98463},[15,115172,99730],{},[176,115174,115175],{},[195,115176,115177,115179],{"href":52142},[15,115178,114946],{}," fix",[20,115181,115182,115183,115185,115186,115188],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115184,95594],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115187,107429],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1494,115190,115191],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":115193},[115194,115195,115197,115198,115199,115200,115201,115202,115204,115209,115216,115225],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":113424,"depth":104,"text":115196},"What set.update() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":21514,"depth":104,"text":21515},{"id":113810,"depth":104,"text":113811},{"id":113913,"depth":104,"text":113914},{"id":114120,"depth":104,"text":114121},{"id":114280,"depth":104,"text":115203},"update() vs add()",{"id":114500,"depth":104,"text":115205,"children":115206},"update() vs union()",[115207,115208],{"id":30009,"depth":133,"text":14505},{"id":110655,"depth":133,"text":102185},{"id":114700,"depth":104,"text":114701,"children":115210},[115211,115212,115213,115214],{"id":114708,"depth":133,"text":114709},{"id":114838,"depth":133,"text":114839},{"id":114949,"depth":133,"text":114950},{"id":115021,"depth":133,"text":115215},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":115217},[115218,115220,115221,115223,115224],{"id":115095,"depth":133,"text":115219},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31768,"depth":133,"text":31841},{"id":115111,"depth":133,"text":115222},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115126,"depth":133,"text":115127},{"id":115135,"depth":133,"text":115136},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113336,"description":115226},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115232,"title":115233,"body":115234,"description":117000,"extension":1524,"meta":117001,"navigation":372,"path":13340,"seo":117002,"stem":117003,"__hash__":117004},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115235,"toc":116975},[115236,115239,115242,115245,115256,115264,115267,115269,115418,115430,115434,115451,115455,115463,115465,115476,115478,115575,115581,115584,115680,115689,115694,115698,115703,115705,115715,115717,115826,115834,115838,115841,115844,115861,115867,115947,115950,115954,115957,115961,115964,116023,116026,116030,116033,116125,116129,116132,116239,116243,116249,116277,116279,116361,116371,116375,116378,116389,116392,116477,116480,116485,116489,116492,116503,116506,116648,116651,116655,116658,116672,116675,116736,116742,116744,116747,116769,116772,116872,116875,116907,116909,116913,116916,116918,116921,116925,116928,116932,116935,116939,116942,116944,116972],[10,115237,115233],{"id":115238},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115240,115241],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115243,115244],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[173,115246,115247,115250,115253],{},[176,115248,115249],{},"a list inside another list",[176,115251,115252],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[176,115254,115255],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115257,99652,115258,667,115260,115263],{},[30,115259,12402],{},[30,115261,115262],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115265,115266],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[39,115268,1566],{"id":1565},[44,115270,115272],{"className":46,"code":115271,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115273,115274,115281,115285,115311,115331,115351,115355,115373,115377,115390,115404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115275,115276,115278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115277,34637],{"class":1041},[53,115279,115280],{"class":59}," copy\n",[53,115282,115283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115284,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115286,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115288,11637],{"class":59},[53,115290,64],{"class":63},[53,115292,55829],{"class":67},[53,115294,517],{"class":333},[53,115296,81],{"class":67},[53,115298,790],{"class":333},[53,115300,17609],{"class":67},[53,115302,68],{"class":67},[53,115304,882],{"class":333},[53,115306,81],{"class":67},[53,115308,826],{"class":333},[53,115310,52782],{"class":67},[53,115312,115313,115316,115318,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115314,115315],{"class":59},"shallow ",[53,115317,64],{"class":63},[53,115319,115320],{"class":59}," copy",[53,115322,37],{"class":67},[53,115324,12463],{"class":117},[53,115326,121],{"class":67},[53,115328,11684],{"class":117},[53,115330,130],{"class":67},[53,115332,115333,115336,115338,115340,115342,115345,115347,115349],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115334,115335],{"class":59},"deep ",[53,115337,64],{"class":63},[53,115339,115320],{"class":59},[53,115341,37],{"class":67},[53,115343,115344],{"class":117},"deepcopy",[53,115346,121],{"class":67},[53,115348,11684],{"class":117},[53,115350,130],{"class":67},[53,115352,115353],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,115354,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115356,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,115358,11684],{"class":59},[53,115360,1226],{"class":67},[53,115362,187],{"class":333},[53,115364,13100],{"class":67},[53,115366,13103],{"class":117},[53,115368,121],{"class":67},[53,115370,55882],{"class":333},[53,115372,130],{"class":67},[53,115374,115375],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,115376,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,115380,137],{"class":136},[53,115382,121],{"class":67},[53,115384,11684],{"class":117},[53,115386,145],{"class":67},[53,115388,115389],{"class":148},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115391,115392,115394,115396,115399,115401],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,115393,137],{"class":136},[53,115395,121],{"class":67},[53,115397,115398],{"class":117},"shallow",[53,115400,145],{"class":67},[53,115402,115403],{"class":148},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115405,115406,115408,115410,115413,115415],{"class":55,"line":11145},[53,115407,137],{"class":136},[53,115409,121],{"class":67},[53,115411,115412],{"class":117},"deep",[53,115414,145],{"class":67},[53,115416,115417],{"class":148},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115419,152,115420,115423,115424,667,115426,115429],{},[15,115421,115422],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115425,12402],{},[15,115427,115428],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[39,115431,115433],{"id":115432},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[173,115435,115436,115439,115442,115445,115448],{},[176,115437,115438],{},"What a copy means in Python",[176,115440,115441],{},"How shallow copy works",[176,115443,115444],{},"How deep copy works",[176,115446,115447],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[176,115449,115450],{},"When to use each approach",[39,115452,115454],{"id":115453},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115456,14740,115457,115459,115460,115462],{},[30,115458,12402],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115461,1112],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115464,1669],{},[173,115466,115467,115470,115473],{},[176,115468,115469],{},"the outer container is new",[176,115471,115472],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[176,115474,115475],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115477,316],{},[44,115479,115481],{"className":46,"code":115480,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115482,115483,115509,115523,115527,115545,115549,115562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115484,115485,115487,115489,115491,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115486,11637],{"class":59},[53,115488,64],{"class":63},[53,115490,55829],{"class":67},[53,115492,517],{"class":333},[53,115494,81],{"class":67},[53,115496,790],{"class":333},[53,115498,17609],{"class":67},[53,115500,68],{"class":67},[53,115502,882],{"class":333},[53,115504,81],{"class":67},[53,115506,826],{"class":333},[53,115508,52782],{"class":67},[53,115510,115511,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115512,13862],{"class":59},[53,115514,64],{"class":63},[53,115516,11712],{"class":59},[53,115518,37],{"class":67},[53,115520,12463],{"class":117},[53,115522,8192],{"class":67},[53,115524,115525],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115526,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115528,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115530,13881],{"class":59},[53,115532,37],{"class":67},[53,115534,13103],{"class":117},[53,115536,2546],{"class":67},[53,115538,1698],{"class":333},[53,115540,81],{"class":67},[53,115542,37187],{"class":333},[53,115544,3449],{"class":67},[53,115546,115547],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115548,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115550,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,115552,137],{"class":136},[53,115554,121],{"class":67},[53,115556,11684],{"class":117},[53,115558,145],{"class":67},[53,115560,115561],{"class":148},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115563,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,115565,137],{"class":136},[53,115567,121],{"class":67},[53,115569,13881],{"class":117},[53,115571,145],{"class":67},[53,115573,115574],{"class":148},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115576,115577,115578,115580],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115579,13881],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115582,115583],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[44,115585,115587],{"className":46,"code":115586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115588,115589,115615,115629,115633,115651,115655,115667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115590,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115592,11637],{"class":59},[53,115594,64],{"class":63},[53,115596,55829],{"class":67},[53,115598,517],{"class":333},[53,115600,81],{"class":67},[53,115602,790],{"class":333},[53,115604,17609],{"class":67},[53,115606,68],{"class":67},[53,115608,882],{"class":333},[53,115610,81],{"class":67},[53,115612,826],{"class":333},[53,115614,52782],{"class":67},[53,115616,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115618,13862],{"class":59},[53,115620,64],{"class":63},[53,115622,11712],{"class":59},[53,115624,37],{"class":67},[53,115626,12463],{"class":117},[53,115628,8192],{"class":67},[53,115630,115631],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115632,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115636,13881],{"class":59},[53,115638,1226],{"class":67},[53,115640,187],{"class":333},[53,115642,13100],{"class":67},[53,115644,13103],{"class":117},[53,115646,121],{"class":67},[53,115648,55882],{"class":333},[53,115650,130],{"class":67},[53,115652,115653],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115654,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115656,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,115658,137],{"class":136},[53,115660,121],{"class":67},[53,115662,11684],{"class":117},[53,115664,145],{"class":67},[53,115666,115389],{"class":148},[53,115668,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,115670,137],{"class":136},[53,115672,121],{"class":67},[53,115674,13881],{"class":117},[53,115676,145],{"class":67},[53,115678,115679],{"class":148},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115681,115682,115683,667,115685,115688],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115684,55986],{},[15,115686,115687],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115690,115691,115692,37],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[195,115693,43479],{"href":11616},[39,115695,115697],{"id":115696},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115699,14740,115700,115702],{},[30,115701,115262],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115704,1669],{},[173,115706,115707,115709,115712],{},[176,115708,115469],{},[176,115710,115711],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[176,115713,115714],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115716,316],{},[44,115718,115720],{"className":46,"code":115719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115721,115722,115728,115732,115758,115776,115780,115798,115802,115814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115723,115724,115726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115725,34637],{"class":1041},[53,115727,115280],{"class":59},[53,115729,115730],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115731,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115733,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115735,11637],{"class":59},[53,115737,64],{"class":63},[53,115739,55829],{"class":67},[53,115741,517],{"class":333},[53,115743,81],{"class":67},[53,115745,790],{"class":333},[53,115747,17609],{"class":67},[53,115749,68],{"class":67},[53,115751,882],{"class":333},[53,115753,81],{"class":67},[53,115755,826],{"class":333},[53,115757,52782],{"class":67},[53,115759,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772,115774],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115761,13862],{"class":59},[53,115763,64],{"class":63},[53,115765,115320],{"class":59},[53,115767,37],{"class":67},[53,115769,115344],{"class":117},[53,115771,121],{"class":67},[53,115773,11684],{"class":117},[53,115775,130],{"class":67},[53,115777,115778],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115779,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115781,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790,115792,115794,115796],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,115783,13881],{"class":59},[53,115785,1226],{"class":67},[53,115787,187],{"class":333},[53,115789,13100],{"class":67},[53,115791,13103],{"class":117},[53,115793,121],{"class":67},[53,115795,55882],{"class":333},[53,115797,130],{"class":67},[53,115799,115800],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,115801,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115803,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,115805,137],{"class":136},[53,115807,121],{"class":67},[53,115809,11684],{"class":117},[53,115811,145],{"class":67},[53,115813,115561],{"class":148},[53,115815,115816,115818,115820,115822,115824],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,115817,137],{"class":136},[53,115819,121],{"class":67},[53,115821,13881],{"class":117},[53,115823,145],{"class":67},[53,115825,115679],{"class":148},[20,115827,115828,115829,115831,115832,37],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115830,115687],{}," does not change ",[15,115833,55986],{},[39,115835,115837],{"id":115836},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115839,115840],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115842,115843],{},"Common reasons:",[173,115845,115846,115849,115852,115858],{},[176,115847,115848],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[176,115850,115851],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[176,115853,115854,115855,115857],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115856,64],{}," does not make a copy",[176,115859,115860],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115862,115863,115864,115866],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115865,1112],{}," create a copy:",[44,115868,115870],{"className":46,"code":115869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115871,115872,115892,115900,115904,115918,115922,115934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115873,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115875,11637],{"class":59},[53,115877,64],{"class":63},[53,115879,68],{"class":67},[53,115881,517],{"class":333},[53,115883,81],{"class":67},[53,115885,790],{"class":333},[53,115887,81],{"class":67},[53,115889,1269],{"class":333},[53,115891,101],{"class":67},[53,115893,115894,115896,115898],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115895,13862],{"class":59},[53,115897,64],{"class":63},[53,115899,11675],{"class":59},[53,115901,115902],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,115903,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115905,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,115907,13881],{"class":59},[53,115909,37],{"class":67},[53,115911,13103],{"class":117},[53,115913,121],{"class":67},[53,115915,2062],{"class":333},[53,115917,130],{"class":67},[53,115919,115920],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,115921,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,115923,115924,115926,115928,115930,115932],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,115925,137],{"class":136},[53,115927,121],{"class":67},[53,115929,11684],{"class":117},[53,115931,145],{"class":67},[53,115933,55236],{"class":148},[53,115935,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,115937,137],{"class":136},[53,115939,121],{"class":67},[53,115941,13881],{"class":117},[53,115943,145],{"class":67},[53,115945,115946],{"class":148},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115948,115949],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[39,115951,115953],{"id":115952},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115955,115956],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1418,115958,115960],{"id":115959},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115962,115963],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[44,115965,115967],{"className":46,"code":115966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115968,115969,115995,116003,116007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115970,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115972,11637],{"class":59},[53,115974,64],{"class":63},[53,115976,55829],{"class":67},[53,115978,517],{"class":333},[53,115980,81],{"class":67},[53,115982,790],{"class":333},[53,115984,17609],{"class":67},[53,115986,68],{"class":67},[53,115988,882],{"class":333},[53,115990,81],{"class":67},[53,115992,826],{"class":333},[53,115994,52782],{"class":67},[53,115996,115997,115999,116001],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115998,13653],{"class":59},[53,116000,64],{"class":63},[53,116002,11675],{"class":59},[53,116004,116005],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116006,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116008,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116010,137],{"class":136},[53,116012,121],{"class":67},[53,116014,11637],{"class":117},[53,116016,11745],{"class":1041},[53,116018,13721],{"class":117},[53,116020,145],{"class":67},[53,116022,3224],{"class":148},[20,116024,116025],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1418,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116031,116032],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[44,116034,116036],{"className":46,"code":116035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116037,116038,116064,116078,116082,116099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116041,11637],{"class":59},[53,116043,64],{"class":63},[53,116045,55829],{"class":67},[53,116047,517],{"class":333},[53,116049,81],{"class":67},[53,116051,790],{"class":333},[53,116053,17609],{"class":67},[53,116055,68],{"class":67},[53,116057,882],{"class":333},[53,116059,81],{"class":67},[53,116061,826],{"class":333},[53,116063,52782],{"class":67},[53,116065,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116067,115315],{"class":59},[53,116069,64],{"class":63},[53,116071,11712],{"class":59},[53,116073,37],{"class":67},[53,116075,12463],{"class":117},[53,116077,8192],{"class":67},[53,116079,116080],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116081,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116083,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116095,116097],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116085,137],{"class":136},[53,116087,121],{"class":67},[53,116089,11637],{"class":117},[53,116091,11745],{"class":1041},[53,116093,116094],{"class":117}," shallow",[53,116096,145],{"class":67},[53,116098,20746],{"class":148},[53,116100,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116102,137],{"class":136},[53,116104,121],{"class":67},[53,116106,11684],{"class":117},[53,116108,1226],{"class":67},[53,116110,187],{"class":333},[53,116112,12823],{"class":67},[53,116114,7646],{"class":1041},[53,116116,116094],{"class":117},[53,116118,1226],{"class":67},[53,116120,187],{"class":333},[53,116122,19993],{"class":67},[53,116124,3224],{"class":148},[1418,116126,116128],{"id":116127},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116130,116131],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[44,116133,116135],{"className":46,"code":116134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116136,116137,116143,116147,116173,116191,116195,116213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116138,116139,116141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116140,34637],{"class":1041},[53,116142,115280],{"class":59},[53,116144,116145],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116146,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116148,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116150,11637],{"class":59},[53,116152,64],{"class":63},[53,116154,55829],{"class":67},[53,116156,517],{"class":333},[53,116158,81],{"class":67},[53,116160,790],{"class":333},[53,116162,17609],{"class":67},[53,116164,68],{"class":67},[53,116166,882],{"class":333},[53,116168,81],{"class":67},[53,116170,826],{"class":333},[53,116172,52782],{"class":67},[53,116174,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116176,115335],{"class":59},[53,116178,64],{"class":63},[53,116180,115320],{"class":59},[53,116182,37],{"class":67},[53,116184,115344],{"class":117},[53,116186,121],{"class":67},[53,116188,11684],{"class":117},[53,116190,130],{"class":67},[53,116192,116193],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116194,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116196,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116208,116210],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,116198,137],{"class":136},[53,116200,121],{"class":67},[53,116202,11637],{"class":117},[53,116204,11745],{"class":1041},[53,116206,116207],{"class":117}," deep",[53,116209,145],{"class":67},[53,116211,116212],{"class":148},"         # False\n",[53,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,116216,137],{"class":136},[53,116218,121],{"class":67},[53,116220,11684],{"class":117},[53,116222,1226],{"class":67},[53,116224,187],{"class":333},[53,116226,12823],{"class":67},[53,116228,7646],{"class":1041},[53,116230,116207],{"class":117},[53,116232,1226],{"class":67},[53,116234,187],{"class":333},[53,116236,19993],{"class":67},[53,116238,43415],{"class":148},[39,116240,116242],{"id":116241},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116244,116245,116246,171],{},"These all make ",[30,116247,116248],{},"shallow copies",[173,116250,116251,116255,116259,116264,116270],{},[176,116252,116253],{},[15,116254,55136],{},[176,116256,116257],{},[15,116258,11986],{},[176,116260,116261],{},[15,116262,116263],{},"set.copy()",[176,116265,116266,116267],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116268,116269],{},"my_list[:]",[176,116271,116272,116274,116275,34627],{},[15,116273,115422],{}," from the ",[15,116276,12463],{},[20,116278,1687],{},[44,116280,116282],{"className":46,"code":116281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116283,116284,116304,116308,116322,116333,116337,116349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116285,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116287,326],{"class":59},[53,116289,64],{"class":63},[53,116291,68],{"class":67},[53,116293,517],{"class":333},[53,116295,81],{"class":67},[53,116297,790],{"class":333},[53,116299,81],{"class":67},[53,116301,1269],{"class":333},[53,116303,101],{"class":67},[53,116305,116306],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116307,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116309,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116311,2112],{"class":59},[53,116313,64],{"class":63},[53,116315,356],{"class":59},[53,116317,37],{"class":67},[53,116319,12463],{"class":117},[53,116321,8192],{"class":67},[53,116323,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116325,2140],{"class":59},[53,116327,64],{"class":63},[53,116329,356],{"class":59},[53,116331,116332],{"class":67},"[:]\n",[53,116334,116335],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116336,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116338,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,116340,137],{"class":136},[53,116342,121],{"class":67},[53,116344,195],{"class":117},[53,116346,145],{"class":67},[53,116348,54468],{"class":148},[53,116350,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,116352,137],{"class":136},[53,116354,121],{"class":67},[53,116356,704],{"class":117},[53,116358,145],{"class":67},[53,116360,54468],{"class":148},[20,116362,72523,116363,47075,116367,37],{},[195,116364,116365,660],{"href":54496},[15,116366,55136],{},[195,116368,116369,660],{"href":11983},[15,116370,11986],{},[39,116372,116374],{"id":116373},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116376,116377],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[173,116379,116380,116383,116386],{},[176,116381,116382],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[176,116384,116385],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[176,116387,116388],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116390,116391],{},"Example with a flat list:",[44,116393,116395],{"className":46,"code":116394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116396,116397,116417,116431,116435,116449,116453,116465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116398,116399,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116400,11637],{"class":59},[53,116402,64],{"class":63},[53,116404,68],{"class":67},[53,116406,517],{"class":333},[53,116408,81],{"class":67},[53,116410,790],{"class":333},[53,116412,81],{"class":67},[53,116414,1269],{"class":333},[53,116416,101],{"class":67},[53,116418,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116420,13862],{"class":59},[53,116422,64],{"class":63},[53,116424,11712],{"class":59},[53,116426,37],{"class":67},[53,116428,12463],{"class":117},[53,116430,8192],{"class":67},[53,116432,116433],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116434,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116436,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445,116447],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116438,13881],{"class":59},[53,116440,37],{"class":67},[53,116442,13103],{"class":117},[53,116444,121],{"class":67},[53,116446,2062],{"class":333},[53,116448,130],{"class":67},[53,116450,116451],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116452,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116454,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,116456,137],{"class":136},[53,116458,121],{"class":67},[53,116460,11684],{"class":117},[53,116462,145],{"class":67},[53,116464,54468],{"class":148},[53,116466,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,116468,137],{"class":136},[53,116470,121],{"class":67},[53,116472,13881],{"class":117},[53,116474,145],{"class":67},[53,116476,115946],{"class":148},[20,116478,116479],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116481,116482,116483,37],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[195,116484,14439],{"href":56755},[39,116486,116488],{"id":116487},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116490,116491],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[173,116493,116494,116497,116500],{},[176,116495,116496],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[176,116498,116499],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[176,116501,116502],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116504,116505],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[44,116507,116509],{"className":46,"code":116508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116510,116511,116517,116521,116547,116561,116579,116583,116605,116609,116622,116635],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116512,116513,116515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116514,34637],{"class":1041},[53,116516,115280],{"class":59},[53,116518,116519],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116520,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116522,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116524,11637],{"class":59},[53,116526,64],{"class":63},[53,116528,10041],{"class":67},[53,116530,72],{"class":71},[53,116532,15940],{"class":75},[53,116534,72],{"class":71},[53,116536,171],{"class":67},[53,116538,68],{"class":67},[53,116540,334],{"class":333},[53,116542,81],{"class":67},[53,116544,339],{"class":333},[53,116546,13256],{"class":67},[53,116548,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116550,115315],{"class":59},[53,116552,64],{"class":63},[53,116554,11712],{"class":59},[53,116556,37],{"class":67},[53,116558,12463],{"class":117},[53,116560,8192],{"class":67},[53,116562,116563,116565,116567,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116564,115335],{"class":59},[53,116566,64],{"class":63},[53,116568,115320],{"class":59},[53,116570,37],{"class":67},[53,116572,115344],{"class":117},[53,116574,121],{"class":67},[53,116576,11684],{"class":117},[53,116578,130],{"class":67},[53,116580,116581],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,116582,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116584,116585,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,116586,11684],{"class":59},[53,116588,1226],{"class":67},[53,116590,72],{"class":71},[53,116592,15940],{"class":75},[53,116594,72],{"class":71},[53,116596,13100],{"class":67},[53,116598,13103],{"class":117},[53,116600,121],{"class":67},[53,116602,36384],{"class":333},[53,116604,130],{"class":67},[53,116606,116607],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,116608,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116610,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,116612,137],{"class":136},[53,116614,121],{"class":67},[53,116616,11684],{"class":117},[53,116618,145],{"class":67},[53,116620,116621],{"class":148},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632],{"class":55,"line":5988},[53,116625,137],{"class":136},[53,116627,121],{"class":67},[53,116629,115398],{"class":117},[53,116631,145],{"class":67},[53,116633,116634],{"class":148},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116636,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645],{"class":55,"line":11145},[53,116638,137],{"class":136},[53,116640,121],{"class":67},[53,116642,115412],{"class":117},[53,116644,145],{"class":67},[53,116646,116647],{"class":148},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116649,116650],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[39,116652,116654],{"id":116653},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116656,116657],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[173,116659,116660,116663,116666,116669],{},[176,116661,116662],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[176,116664,116665],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[176,116667,116668],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[176,116670,116671],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116673,116674],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[44,116676,116678],{"className":46,"code":116677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116679,116680,116688,116696,116700,116708,116712,116724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116681,116682,116684,116686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116683,2112],{"class":59},[53,116685,64],{"class":63},[53,116687,2145],{"class":333},[53,116689,116690,116692,116694],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116691,2140],{"class":59},[53,116693,64],{"class":63},[53,116695,35718],{"class":59},[53,116697,116698],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116699,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116701,116702,116704,116706],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116703,2140],{"class":59},[53,116705,64],{"class":63},[53,116707,14165],{"class":333},[53,116709,116710],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116711,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,116713,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,116715,137],{"class":136},[53,116717,121],{"class":67},[53,116719,195],{"class":117},[53,116721,145],{"class":67},[53,116723,26340],{"class":148},[53,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,116727,137],{"class":136},[53,116729,121],{"class":67},[53,116731,704],{"class":117},[53,116733,145],{"class":67},[53,116735,27160],{"class":148},[20,116737,92894,116738,116741],{},[195,116739,116740],{"href":11616},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[39,116743,2389],{"id":2388},[20,116745,116746],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[173,116748,116749,116753,116758,116763,116766],{},[176,116750,664,116751,56319],{},[15,116752,64],{},[176,116754,664,116755,116757],{},[15,116756,55136],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[176,116759,664,116760,116762],{},[15,116761,11986],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[176,116764,116765],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[176,116767,116768],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116770,116771],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[44,116773,116775],{"className":46,"code":116774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116776,116777,116791,116805,116827,116858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116778,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116780,137],{"class":136},[53,116782,121],{"class":67},[53,116784,11637],{"class":117},[53,116786,11745],{"class":1041},[53,116788,13935],{"class":117},[53,116790,130],{"class":67},[53,116792,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116794,137],{"class":136},[53,116796,121],{"class":67},[53,116798,11637],{"class":117},[53,116800,4245],{"class":63},[53,116802,13935],{"class":117},[53,116804,130],{"class":67},[53,116806,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,116808,137],{"class":136},[53,116810,121],{"class":67},[53,116812,12201],{"class":136},[53,116814,121],{"class":67},[53,116816,11684],{"class":117},[53,116818,8784],{"class":67},[53,116820,14367],{"class":136},[53,116822,121],{"class":67},[53,116824,13881],{"class":117},[53,116826,628],{"class":67},[53,116828,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,116830,137],{"class":136},[53,116832,121],{"class":67},[53,116834,12201],{"class":136},[53,116836,121],{"class":67},[53,116838,11684],{"class":117},[53,116840,1226],{"class":67},[53,116842,187],{"class":333},[53,116844,116845],{"class":67},"]),",[53,116847,14367],{"class":136},[53,116849,121],{"class":67},[53,116851,13881],{"class":117},[53,116853,1226],{"class":67},[53,116855,187],{"class":333},[53,116857,2559],{"class":67},[53,116859,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,116861,137],{"class":136},[53,116863,121],{"class":67},[53,116865,1321],{"class":1320},[53,116867,121],{"class":67},[53,116869,11684],{"class":117},[53,116871,628],{"class":67},[20,116873,116874],{},"What they tell you:",[173,116876,116877,116882,116887,116892,116902],{},[176,116878,116879,116881],{},[15,116880,11745],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[176,116883,116884,116886],{},[15,116885,4245],{}," checks whether values are equal",[176,116888,116889,116891],{},[15,116890,43031],{}," shows the identity of an object",[176,116893,116894,116895,667,116898,116901],{},"comparing ",[15,116896,116897],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116899,116900],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[176,116903,116904,116906],{},[15,116905,1862],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[39,116908,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,116910,116912],{"id":116911},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116914,116915],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1418,116917,56805],{"id":56720},[20,116919,116920],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1418,116922,116924],{"id":116923},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116926,116927],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1418,116929,116931],{"id":116930},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116933,116934],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1418,116936,116938],{"id":116937},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116940,116941],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[39,116943,1471],{"id":1470},[173,116945,116946,116951,116957,116963,116967],{},[176,116947,116948],{},[195,116949,116950],{"href":11616},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[176,116952,116953],{},[195,116954,3138,116955,660],{"href":54496},[15,116956,55136],{},[176,116958,116959],{},[195,116960,3138,116961,660],{"href":11983},[15,116962,11986],{},[176,116964,116965],{},[195,116966,14516],{"href":56755},[176,116968,116969],{},[195,116970,116971],{"href":58028},"What is a list in Python?",[1494,116973,116974],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":116976},[116977,116978,116979,116980,116981,116982,116987,116988,116989,116990,116991,116992,116999],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":115432,"depth":104,"text":115433},{"id":115453,"depth":104,"text":115454},{"id":115696,"depth":104,"text":115697},{"id":115836,"depth":104,"text":115837},{"id":115952,"depth":104,"text":115953,"children":116983},[116984,116985,116986],{"id":115959,"depth":133,"text":115960},{"id":116028,"depth":133,"text":116029},{"id":116127,"depth":133,"text":116128},{"id":116241,"depth":104,"text":116242},{"id":116373,"depth":104,"text":116374},{"id":116487,"depth":104,"text":116488},{"id":116653,"depth":104,"text":116654},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":116993},[116994,116995,116996,116997,116998],{"id":116911,"depth":133,"text":116912},{"id":56720,"depth":133,"text":56805},{"id":116923,"depth":133,"text":116924},{"id":116930,"depth":133,"text":116931},{"id":116937,"depth":133,"text":116938},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115233,"description":117000},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117006,"title":117007,"body":117008,"description":118865,"extension":1524,"meta":118866,"navigation":372,"path":118867,"seo":118868,"stem":118869,"__hash__":118870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117009,"toc":118823},[117010,117015,117020,117028,117030,117098,117103,117108,117123,117126,117128,117159,117161,117181,117184,117199,117201,117204,117277,117279,117324,117326,117337,117342,117346,117351,117354,117393,117395,117415,117418,117475,117477,117512,117515,117554,117556,117576,117579,117610,117612,117668,117670,117675,117746,117748,117781,117786,117791,117856,117858,117895,117898,117975,117977,118037,118044,118049,118052,118055,118136,118138,118179,118184,118187,118265,118267,118300,118309,118316,118319,118330,118333,118344,118348,118356,118365,118369,118374,118378,118383,118426,118429,118435,118438,118440,118487,118492,118496,118499,118548,118550,118571,118574,118576,118601,118604,118725,118730,118732,118737,118740,118745,118748,118756,118761,118768,118771,118779,118782,118784,118820],[10,117011,3138,117013,3142],{"id":117012},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117014,73807],{},[20,117016,117017,117019],{},[15,117018,73807],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117021,117022,117023,891,117025,117027],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117024,77250],{},[15,117026,73807],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[39,117029,42],{"id":41},[44,117031,117033],{"className":46,"code":117032,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117034,117035,117055,117069,117073,117085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117036,117037,117039,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117038,326],{"class":59},[53,117040,64],{"class":63},[53,117042,68],{"class":67},[53,117044,882],{"class":333},[53,117046,81],{"class":67},[53,117048,821],{"class":333},[53,117050,81],{"class":67},[53,117052,790],{"class":333},[53,117054,101],{"class":67},[53,117056,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117058,351],{"class":59},[53,117060,64],{"class":63},[53,117062,73941],{"class":136},[53,117064,121],{"class":67},[53,117066,3209],{"class":117},[53,117068,130],{"class":67},[53,117070,117071],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,117072,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,117074,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,117076,137],{"class":136},[53,117078,121],{"class":67},[53,117080,383],{"class":117},[53,117082,145],{"class":67},[53,117084,55223],{"class":148},[53,117086,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,117088,137],{"class":136},[53,117090,121],{"class":67},[53,117092,3209],{"class":117},[53,117094,145],{"class":67},[53,117096,117097],{"class":148},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117099,117100,117102],{},[15,117101,73807],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[39,117104,163,117106,166],{"id":117105},"what-sorted-does",[15,117107,73807],{},[173,117109,117110,117114,117117,117120],{},[176,117111,117112,62458],{},[15,117113,73807],{},[176,117115,117116],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[176,117118,117119],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[176,117121,117122],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117124,117125],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[39,117127,202],{"id":201},[44,117129,117131],{"className":46,"code":117130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117132,117133],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117134,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117136,73897],{"class":136},[53,117138,121],{"class":67},[53,117140,3280],{"class":117},[53,117142,81],{"class":67},[53,117144,21124],{"class":8726},[53,117146,64],{"class":63},[53,117148,3338],{"class":3413},[53,117150,81],{"class":67},[53,117152,77453],{"class":8726},[53,117154,64],{"class":63},[53,117156,3234],{"class":3413},[53,117158,130],{"class":67},[1418,117160,16943],{"id":16942},[173,117162,117163,117168,117173],{},[176,117164,117165,117167],{},[15,117166,3280],{},": the values to sort",[176,117169,117170,117172],{},[15,117171,14392],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[176,117174,117175,117177,117178,117180],{},[15,117176,72960],{},": set to ",[15,117179,3167],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117182,117183],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[44,117185,117187],{"className":46,"code":117186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117188,117189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117190,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117192,73897],{"class":136},[53,117194,121],{"class":67},[53,117196,59839],{"class":117},[53,117198,130],{"class":67},[39,117200,11025],{"id":11024},[20,117202,117203],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[44,117205,117207],{"className":46,"code":117206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117208,117209,117233,117237,117252,117256,117267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117210,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117212,326],{"class":59},[53,117214,64],{"class":63},[53,117216,68],{"class":67},[53,117218,1698],{"class":333},[53,117220,81],{"class":67},[53,117222,790],{"class":333},[53,117224,81],{"class":67},[53,117226,5912],{"class":333},[53,117228,81],{"class":67},[53,117230,821],{"class":333},[53,117232,101],{"class":67},[53,117234,117235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117236,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,117238,117239,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,117240,117241],{"class":59},"sorted_numbers ",[53,117243,64],{"class":63},[53,117245,73941],{"class":136},[53,117247,121],{"class":67},[53,117249,3209],{"class":117},[53,117251,130],{"class":67},[53,117253,117254],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,117255,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,117257,117258,117260,117262,117265],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,117259,137],{"class":136},[53,117261,121],{"class":67},[53,117263,117264],{"class":117},"sorted_numbers",[53,117266,130],{"class":67},[53,117268,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,117270,137],{"class":136},[53,117272,121],{"class":67},[53,117274,3209],{"class":117},[53,117276,130],{"class":67},[20,117278,388],{},[44,117280,117282],{"className":46,"code":117281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117283,117284,117304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117285,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117287,1226],{"class":67},[53,117289,517],{"class":333},[53,117291,81],{"class":67},[53,117293,790],{"class":333},[53,117295,81],{"class":67},[53,117297,4162],{"class":333},[53,117299,81],{"class":67},[53,117301,5912],{"class":333},[53,117303,101],{"class":67},[53,117305,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117307,1226],{"class":67},[53,117309,1698],{"class":333},[53,117311,81],{"class":67},[53,117313,790],{"class":333},[53,117315,81],{"class":67},[53,117317,5912],{"class":333},[53,117319,81],{"class":67},[53,117321,821],{"class":333},[53,117323,101],{"class":67},[20,117325,13313],{},[173,117327,117328,117333],{},[176,117329,117330,117332],{},[15,117331,117264],{}," is a new sorted list",[176,117334,117335,111869],{},[15,117336,3209],{},[20,117338,117339,117340,37],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[195,117341,77760],{"href":77759},[39,117343,117345],{"id":117344},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117347,117348,117350],{},[15,117349,73807],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1418,117352,117353],{"id":7643},"List",[44,117355,117357],{"className":46,"code":117356,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117358,117359,117379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117360,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117362,326],{"class":59},[53,117364,64],{"class":63},[53,117366,68],{"class":67},[53,117368,882],{"class":333},[53,117370,81],{"class":67},[53,117372,821],{"class":333},[53,117374,81],{"class":67},[53,117376,790],{"class":333},[53,117378,101],{"class":67},[53,117380,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117382,137],{"class":136},[53,117384,121],{"class":67},[53,117386,73897],{"class":136},[53,117388,121],{"class":67},[53,117390,3209],{"class":117},[53,117392,628],{"class":67},[20,117394,388],{},[44,117396,117397],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117398,117399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117402,1226],{"class":67},[53,117404,517],{"class":333},[53,117406,81],{"class":67},[53,117408,790],{"class":333},[53,117410,81],{"class":67},[53,117412,1269],{"class":333},[53,117414,101],{"class":67},[1418,117416,117417],{"id":48495},"Tuple",[44,117419,117421],{"className":46,"code":117420,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117422,117423,117443,117457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117424,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117426,3383],{"class":59},[53,117428,64],{"class":63},[53,117430,8787],{"class":67},[53,117432,882],{"class":333},[53,117434,81],{"class":67},[53,117436,821],{"class":333},[53,117438,81],{"class":67},[53,117440,790],{"class":333},[53,117442,130],{"class":67},[53,117444,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117446,137],{"class":136},[53,117448,121],{"class":67},[53,117450,73897],{"class":136},[53,117452,121],{"class":67},[53,117454,4911],{"class":117},[53,117456,628],{"class":67},[53,117458,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,117460,137],{"class":136},[53,117462,121],{"class":67},[53,117464,1321],{"class":1320},[53,117466,121],{"class":67},[53,117468,73897],{"class":136},[53,117470,121],{"class":67},[53,117472,4911],{"class":117},[53,117474,2472],{"class":67},[20,117476,388],{},[44,117478,117480],{"className":46,"code":117479,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117481,117482,117498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117483,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492,117494,117496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117485,1226],{"class":67},[53,117487,517],{"class":333},[53,117489,81],{"class":67},[53,117491,790],{"class":333},[53,117493,81],{"class":67},[53,117495,1269],{"class":333},[53,117497,101],{"class":67},[53,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117501,2851],{"class":63},[53,117503,2854],{"class":1627},[53,117505,2857],{"class":71},[53,117507,7643],{"class":75},[53,117509,2862],{"class":71},[53,117511,2865],{"class":63},[1418,117513,117514],{"id":5839},"Set",[44,117516,117518],{"className":46,"code":117517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117519,117520,117540],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117521,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117523,3383],{"class":59},[53,117525,64],{"class":63},[53,117527,10041],{"class":67},[53,117529,882],{"class":333},[53,117531,81],{"class":67},[53,117533,821],{"class":333},[53,117535,81],{"class":67},[53,117537,790],{"class":333},[53,117539,8860],{"class":67},[53,117541,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117543,137],{"class":136},[53,117545,121],{"class":67},[53,117547,73897],{"class":136},[53,117549,121],{"class":67},[53,117551,4911],{"class":117},[53,117553,628],{"class":67},[20,117555,388],{},[44,117557,117558],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117559,117560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117561,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117563,1226],{"class":67},[53,117565,517],{"class":333},[53,117567,81],{"class":67},[53,117569,790],{"class":333},[53,117571,81],{"class":67},[53,117573,1269],{"class":333},[53,117575,101],{"class":67},[1418,117577,117578],{"id":60706},"String",[44,117580,117582],{"className":46,"code":117581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117583,117584,117596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117585,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117587,34233],{"class":59},[53,117589,64],{"class":63},[53,117591,84],{"class":71},[53,117593,48],{"class":75},[53,117595,1032],{"class":71},[53,117597,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117599,137],{"class":136},[53,117601,121],{"class":67},[53,117603,73897],{"class":136},[53,117605,121],{"class":67},[53,117607,34254],{"class":117},[53,117609,628],{"class":67},[20,117611,388],{},[44,117613,117614],{"className":46,"code":78777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117615,117616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117617,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117619,1226],{"class":67},[53,117621,2862],{"class":71},[53,117623,59970],{"class":75},[53,117625,2862],{"class":71},[53,117627,81],{"class":67},[53,117629,2857],{"class":71},[53,117631,75413],{"class":75},[53,117633,2862],{"class":71},[53,117635,81],{"class":67},[53,117637,2857],{"class":71},[53,117639,60005],{"class":75},[53,117641,2862],{"class":71},[53,117643,81],{"class":67},[53,117645,2857],{"class":71},[53,117647,20],{"class":75},[53,117649,2862],{"class":71},[53,117651,81],{"class":67},[53,117653,2857],{"class":71},[53,117655,62819],{"class":75},[53,117657,2862],{"class":71},[53,117659,81],{"class":67},[53,117661,2857],{"class":71},[53,117663,11296],{"class":75},[53,117665,2862],{"class":71},[53,117667,101],{"class":67},[1418,117669,28767],{"id":15156},[20,117671,63072,117672,117674],{},[15,117673,73807],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[44,117676,117678],{"className":46,"code":117677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117679,117680,117732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117681,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117683,12754],{"class":59},[53,117685,64],{"class":63},[53,117687,10041],{"class":67},[53,117689,72],{"class":71},[53,117691,7220],{"class":75},[53,117693,72],{"class":71},[53,117695,171],{"class":67},[53,117697,84],{"class":71},[53,117699,12432],{"class":75},[53,117701,72],{"class":71},[53,117703,81],{"class":67},[53,117705,84],{"class":71},[53,117707,8850],{"class":75},[53,117709,72],{"class":71},[53,117711,171],{"class":67},[53,117713,339],{"class":333},[53,117715,81],{"class":67},[53,117717,84],{"class":71},[53,117719,9959],{"class":75},[53,117721,72],{"class":71},[53,117723,171],{"class":67},[53,117725,84],{"class":71},[53,117727,15582],{"class":75},[53,117729,72],{"class":71},[53,117731,8860],{"class":67},[53,117733,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117735,137],{"class":136},[53,117737,121],{"class":67},[53,117739,73897],{"class":136},[53,117741,121],{"class":67},[53,117743,16855],{"class":117},[53,117745,628],{"class":67},[20,117747,388],{},[44,117749,117751],{"className":46,"code":117750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117752,117753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117754,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117756,1226],{"class":67},[53,117758,2862],{"class":71},[53,117760,8850],{"class":75},[53,117762,2862],{"class":71},[53,117764,81],{"class":67},[53,117766,2857],{"class":71},[53,117768,9959],{"class":75},[53,117770,2862],{"class":71},[53,117772,81],{"class":67},[53,117774,2857],{"class":71},[53,117776,7220],{"class":75},[53,117778,2862],{"class":71},[53,117780,101],{"class":67},[39,117782,664,117784],{"id":117783},"using-reversetrue",[15,117785,77474],{},[20,117787,152,117788,117790],{},[15,117789,77474],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[44,117792,117794],{"className":46,"code":117793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117795,117796,117816,117820,117834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117797,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117799,326],{"class":59},[53,117801,64],{"class":63},[53,117803,68],{"class":67},[53,117805,882],{"class":333},[53,117807,81],{"class":67},[53,117809,821],{"class":333},[53,117811,81],{"class":67},[53,117813,790],{"class":333},[53,117815,101],{"class":67},[53,117817,117818],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117819,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,117821,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,117823,137],{"class":136},[53,117825,121],{"class":67},[53,117827,73897],{"class":136},[53,117829,121],{"class":67},[53,117831,3209],{"class":117},[53,117833,628],{"class":67},[53,117835,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,117837,137],{"class":136},[53,117839,121],{"class":67},[53,117841,73897],{"class":136},[53,117843,121],{"class":67},[53,117845,3209],{"class":117},[53,117847,81],{"class":67},[53,117849,77453],{"class":8726},[53,117851,64],{"class":63},[53,117853,3167],{"class":3413},[53,117855,628],{"class":67},[20,117857,388],{},[44,117859,117861],{"className":46,"code":117860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117862,117863,117879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117864,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117866,1226],{"class":67},[53,117868,517],{"class":333},[53,117870,81],{"class":67},[53,117872,790],{"class":333},[53,117874,81],{"class":67},[53,117876,1269],{"class":333},[53,117878,101],{"class":67},[53,117880,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117882,1226],{"class":67},[53,117884,882],{"class":333},[53,117886,81],{"class":67},[53,117888,790],{"class":333},[53,117890,81],{"class":67},[53,117892,821],{"class":333},[53,117894,101],{"class":67},[20,117896,117897],{},"This also works with strings:",[44,117899,117901],{"className":46,"code":117900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117902,117903,117935,117939,117953],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117906,3631],{"class":59},[53,117908,64],{"class":63},[53,117910,68],{"class":67},[53,117912,72],{"class":71},[53,117914,76],{"class":75},[53,117916,72],{"class":71},[53,117918,81],{"class":67},[53,117920,84],{"class":71},[53,117922,87],{"class":75},[53,117924,72],{"class":71},[53,117926,81],{"class":67},[53,117928,84],{"class":71},[53,117930,96],{"class":75},[53,117932,72],{"class":71},[53,117934,101],{"class":67},[53,117936,117937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117938,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,117940,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,117942,137],{"class":136},[53,117944,121],{"class":67},[53,117946,73897],{"class":136},[53,117948,121],{"class":67},[53,117950,3672],{"class":117},[53,117952,628],{"class":67},[53,117954,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,117956,137],{"class":136},[53,117958,121],{"class":67},[53,117960,73897],{"class":136},[53,117962,121],{"class":67},[53,117964,3672],{"class":117},[53,117966,81],{"class":67},[53,117968,77453],{"class":8726},[53,117970,64],{"class":63},[53,117972,3167],{"class":3413},[53,117974,628],{"class":67},[20,117976,388],{},[44,117978,117979],{"className":46,"code":73541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117980,117981,118009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117984,1226],{"class":67},[53,117986,2862],{"class":71},[53,117988,76],{"class":75},[53,117990,2862],{"class":71},[53,117992,81],{"class":67},[53,117994,2857],{"class":71},[53,117996,87],{"class":75},[53,117998,2862],{"class":71},[53,118000,81],{"class":67},[53,118002,2857],{"class":71},[53,118004,96],{"class":75},[53,118006,2862],{"class":71},[53,118008,101],{"class":67},[53,118010,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118012,1226],{"class":67},[53,118014,2862],{"class":71},[53,118016,96],{"class":75},[53,118018,2862],{"class":71},[53,118020,81],{"class":67},[53,118022,2857],{"class":71},[53,118024,87],{"class":75},[53,118026,2862],{"class":71},[53,118028,81],{"class":67},[53,118030,2857],{"class":71},[53,118032,76],{"class":75},[53,118034,2862],{"class":71},[53,118036,101],{"class":67},[39,118038,664,118040,118043],{"id":118039},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118041,118042],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118045,1541,118046,118048],{},[15,118047,118042],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118050,118051],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118053,118054],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[44,118056,118058],{"className":46,"code":118057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118059,118060,118100,118104,118126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118061,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118063,3631],{"class":59},[53,118065,64],{"class":63},[53,118067,68],{"class":67},[53,118069,72],{"class":71},[53,118071,78127],{"class":75},[53,118073,72],{"class":71},[53,118075,81],{"class":67},[53,118077,84],{"class":71},[53,118079,37900],{"class":75},[53,118081,72],{"class":71},[53,118083,81],{"class":67},[53,118085,84],{"class":71},[53,118087,87],{"class":75},[53,118089,72],{"class":71},[53,118091,81],{"class":67},[53,118093,84],{"class":71},[53,118095,37883],{"class":75},[53,118097,72],{"class":71},[53,118099,101],{"class":67},[53,118101,118102],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118103,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,118105,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,118107,351],{"class":59},[53,118109,64],{"class":63},[53,118111,73941],{"class":136},[53,118113,121],{"class":67},[53,118115,3672],{"class":117},[53,118117,81],{"class":67},[53,118119,21124],{"class":8726},[53,118121,64],{"class":63},[53,118123,10711],{"class":136},[53,118125,130],{"class":67},[53,118127,118128,118130,118132,118134],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,118129,137],{"class":136},[53,118131,121],{"class":67},[53,118133,383],{"class":117},[53,118135,130],{"class":67},[20,118137,388],{},[44,118139,118141],{"className":46,"code":118140,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118142,118143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118144,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118146,1226],{"class":67},[53,118148,2862],{"class":71},[53,118150,37900],{"class":75},[53,118152,2862],{"class":71},[53,118154,81],{"class":67},[53,118156,2857],{"class":71},[53,118158,78127],{"class":75},[53,118160,2862],{"class":71},[53,118162,81],{"class":67},[53,118164,2857],{"class":71},[53,118166,37883],{"class":75},[53,118168,2862],{"class":71},[53,118170,81],{"class":67},[53,118172,2857],{"class":71},[53,118174,87],{"class":75},[53,118176,2862],{"class":71},[53,118178,101],{"class":67},[20,118180,20318,118181,118183],{},[15,118182,10711],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118185,118186],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[44,118188,118190],{"className":46,"code":118189,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118191,118192,118225,118229,118255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118193,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118221,118223],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118195,3631],{"class":59},[53,118197,64],{"class":63},[53,118199,68],{"class":67},[53,118201,72],{"class":71},[53,118203,82746],{"class":75},[53,118205,72],{"class":71},[53,118207,81],{"class":67},[53,118209,84],{"class":71},[53,118211,76],{"class":75},[53,118213,72],{"class":71},[53,118215,81],{"class":67},[53,118217,84],{"class":71},[53,118219,118220],{"class":75},"Cherry",[53,118222,72],{"class":71},[53,118224,101],{"class":67},[53,118226,118227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118228,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,118230,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,118232,351],{"class":59},[53,118234,64],{"class":63},[53,118236,73941],{"class":136},[53,118238,121],{"class":67},[53,118240,3672],{"class":117},[53,118242,81],{"class":67},[53,118244,21124],{"class":8726},[53,118246,64],{"class":63},[53,118248,3005],{"class":1320},[53,118250,37],{"class":67},[53,118252,8189],{"class":1223},[53,118254,130],{"class":67},[53,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,118258,137],{"class":136},[53,118260,121],{"class":67},[53,118262,383],{"class":117},[53,118264,130],{"class":67},[20,118266,388],{},[44,118268,118270],{"className":46,"code":118269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118271,118272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118273,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118275,1226],{"class":67},[53,118277,2862],{"class":71},[53,118279,76],{"class":75},[53,118281,2862],{"class":71},[53,118283,81],{"class":67},[53,118285,2857],{"class":71},[53,118287,82746],{"class":75},[53,118289,2862],{"class":71},[53,118291,81],{"class":67},[53,118293,2857],{"class":71},[53,118295,118220],{"class":75},[53,118297,2862],{"class":71},[53,118299,101],{"class":67},[20,118301,118302,118303,34876,118305,37],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118304,41903],{},[195,118306,3138,118307,3071],{"href":41900},[15,118308,41903],{},[39,118310,118312,10136,118314],{"id":118311},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118313,73807],{},[15,118315,77250],{},[20,118317,118318],{},"The main difference is this:",[173,118320,118321,118326],{},[176,118322,118323,118325],{},[15,118324,73807],{}," returns a new list",[176,118327,118328,73345],{},[15,118329,77250],{},[20,118331,118332],{},"Also:",[173,118334,118335,118340],{},[176,118336,118337,118339],{},[15,118338,73807],{}," works with many iterables",[176,118341,118342,78683],{},[15,118343,77250],{},[20,118345,152,118346,1398],{},[15,118347,73807],{},[173,118349,118350,118353],{},[176,118351,118352],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[176,118354,118355],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118357,118358,118359,37],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[195,118360,3138,118361,10136,118363,5335],{"href":78508},[15,118362,73807],{},[15,118364,77250],{},[39,118366,118368],{"id":118367},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118370,118371,118372,37],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118373,73807],{},[1418,118375,118377],{"id":118376},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118379,118380,118381,171],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118382,2565],{},[44,118384,118386],{"className":46,"code":118385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118387,118388,118412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118389,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118391,3383],{"class":59},[53,118393,64],{"class":63},[53,118395,68],{"class":67},[53,118397,517],{"class":333},[53,118399,81],{"class":67},[53,118401,84],{"class":71},[53,118403,525],{"class":75},[53,118405,72],{"class":71},[53,118407,81],{"class":67},[53,118409,1269],{"class":333},[53,118411,101],{"class":67},[53,118413,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118415,137],{"class":136},[53,118417,121],{"class":67},[53,118419,73897],{"class":136},[53,118421,121],{"class":67},[53,118423,4911],{"class":117},[53,118425,628],{"class":67},[20,118427,118428],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1418,118430,118432,118433,1863],{"id":118431},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118434,14392],{},[20,118436,118437],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118439,316],{},[44,118441,118443],{"className":46,"code":118442,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118444,118445,118465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118446,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118448,326],{"class":59},[53,118450,64],{"class":63},[53,118452,68],{"class":67},[53,118454,334],{"class":333},[53,118456,81],{"class":67},[53,118458,790],{"class":333},[53,118460,81],{"class":67},[53,118462,344],{"class":333},[53,118464,101],{"class":67},[53,118466,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118468,137],{"class":136},[53,118470,121],{"class":67},[53,118472,73897],{"class":136},[53,118474,121],{"class":67},[53,118476,3209],{"class":117},[53,118478,81],{"class":67},[53,118480,21124],{"class":8726},[53,118482,64],{"class":63},[53,118484,10711],{"class":136},[53,118486,628],{"class":67},[20,118488,48052,118489,118491],{},[15,118490,41903],{}," does not work on integers.",[1418,118493,118495],{"id":118494},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118497,118498],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,118500,118502],{"className":46,"code":118501,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118503,118504,118524,118534,118538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118505,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118507,326],{"class":59},[53,118509,64],{"class":63},[53,118511,68],{"class":67},[53,118513,882],{"class":333},[53,118515,81],{"class":67},[53,118517,821],{"class":333},[53,118519,81],{"class":67},[53,118521,790],{"class":333},[53,118523,101],{"class":67},[53,118525,118526,118528,118530,118532],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118527,73897],{"class":136},[53,118529,121],{"class":67},[53,118531,3209],{"class":117},[53,118533,130],{"class":67},[53,118535,118536],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,118537,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,118539,118540,118542,118544,118546],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,118541,137],{"class":136},[53,118543,121],{"class":67},[53,118545,3209],{"class":117},[53,118547,130],{"class":67},[20,118549,388],{},[44,118551,118553],{"className":46,"code":118552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118554,118555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118556,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118558,1226],{"class":67},[53,118560,882],{"class":333},[53,118562,81],{"class":67},[53,118564,821],{"class":333},[53,118566,81],{"class":67},[53,118568,790],{"class":333},[53,118570,101],{"class":67},[20,118572,118573],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[39,118575,2389],{"id":2388},[173,118577,118578,118582,118585,118590,118594],{},[176,118579,4136,118580,73345],{},[15,118581,73807],{},[176,118583,118584],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[176,118586,4261,118587,118589],{},[15,118588,73807],{}," always returns a list",[176,118591,664,118592,22649],{},[15,118593,118042],{},[176,118595,29194,118596,118598,118599],{},[15,118597,63844],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118600,73807],{},[20,118602,118603],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[44,118605,118607],{"className":46,"code":118606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118608,118609,118631,118657,118695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118610,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118612,137],{"class":136},[53,118614,121],{"class":67},[53,118616,73897],{"class":136},[53,118618,2546],{"class":67},[53,118620,882],{"class":333},[53,118622,81],{"class":67},[53,118624,821],{"class":333},[53,118626,81],{"class":67},[53,118628,790],{"class":333},[53,118630,2559],{"class":67},[53,118632,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118634,137],{"class":136},[53,118636,121],{"class":67},[53,118638,1321],{"class":1320},[53,118640,121],{"class":67},[53,118642,73897],{"class":136},[53,118644,5062],{"class":67},[53,118646,882],{"class":333},[53,118648,81],{"class":67},[53,118650,821],{"class":333},[53,118652,81],{"class":67},[53,118654,790],{"class":333},[53,118656,92750],{"class":67},[53,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,118660,137],{"class":136},[53,118662,121],{"class":67},[53,118664,73897],{"class":136},[53,118666,2546],{"class":67},[53,118668,2862],{"class":71},[53,118670,82746],{"class":75},[53,118672,2862],{"class":71},[53,118674,81],{"class":67},[53,118676,2857],{"class":71},[53,118678,76],{"class":75},[53,118680,2862],{"class":71},[53,118682,17609],{"class":67},[53,118684,21124],{"class":8726},[53,118686,64],{"class":63},[53,118688,3005],{"class":1320},[53,118690,37],{"class":67},[53,118692,8189],{"class":1223},[53,118694,628],{"class":67},[53,118696,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,118698,137],{"class":136},[53,118700,121],{"class":67},[53,118702,73897],{"class":136},[53,118704,2546],{"class":67},[53,118706,882],{"class":333},[53,118708,81],{"class":67},[53,118710,821],{"class":333},[53,118712,81],{"class":67},[53,118714,790],{"class":333},[53,118716,17609],{"class":67},[53,118718,77453],{"class":8726},[53,118720,64],{"class":63},[53,118722,3167],{"class":3413},[53,118724,628],{"class":67},[20,118726,118727,118728,37],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[195,118729,198],{"href":50522},[39,118731,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,118733,1431,118735,56699],{"id":118734},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118736,73807],{},[20,118738,118739],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1418,118741,1421,118743,12267],{"id":118742},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118744,73807],{},[20,118746,118747],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1418,118749,118751,118752,1175,118754,1459],{"id":118750},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118753,73807],{},[15,118755,77250],{},[20,118757,152,118758,118760],{},[15,118759,73807],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1418,118762,1421,118764,85834,118766,1459],{"id":118763},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118765,118042],{},[15,118767,73807],{},[20,118769,118770],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1418,118772,4711,118774,118776,118777,1459],{"id":118773},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118775,73807],{}," give a ",[15,118778,2565],{},[20,118780,118781],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[39,118783,1471],{"id":1470},[173,118785,118786,118790,118798,118802,118808,118814],{},[176,118787,118788],{},[195,118789,79256],{"href":77759},[176,118791,118792],{},[195,118793,3138,118794,10136,118796,5335],{"href":78508},[15,118795,73807],{},[15,118797,77250],{},[176,118799,118800],{},[195,118801,198],{"href":50522},[176,118803,118804],{},[195,118805,3138,118806,3071],{"href":41900},[15,118807,41903],{},[176,118809,118810],{},[195,118811,3138,118812,3071],{"href":91406},[15,118813,35296],{},[176,118815,118816],{},[195,118817,3138,118818,3071],{"href":35738},[15,118819,35741],{},[1494,118821,118822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":118824},[118825,118826,118828,118831,118832,118839,118841,118843,118845,118851,118852,118864],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":117105,"depth":104,"text":118827},"What sorted() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":118829},[118830],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":117344,"depth":104,"text":117345,"children":118833},[118834,118835,118836,118837,118838],{"id":7643,"depth":133,"text":117353},{"id":48495,"depth":133,"text":117417},{"id":5839,"depth":133,"text":117514},{"id":60706,"depth":133,"text":117578},{"id":15156,"depth":133,"text":28767},{"id":117783,"depth":104,"text":118840},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118039,"depth":104,"text":118842},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118311,"depth":104,"text":118844},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118367,"depth":104,"text":118368,"children":118846},[118847,118848,118850],{"id":118376,"depth":133,"text":118377},{"id":118431,"depth":133,"text":118849},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118494,"depth":133,"text":118495},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":118853},[118854,118856,118858,118860,118862],{"id":118734,"depth":133,"text":118855},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118742,"depth":133,"text":118857},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118750,"depth":133,"text":118859},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118763,"depth":133,"text":118861},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118773,"depth":133,"text":118863},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117007,"description":118865},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118872,"title":118873,"body":118874,"description":120985,"extension":1524,"meta":120986,"navigation":372,"path":78508,"seo":120987,"stem":120988,"__hash__":120989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118875,"toc":120932},[118876,118883,118886,118896,118902,118905,118923,118931,118933,118992,119000,119004,119026,119030,119034,119036,119053,119055,119067,119073,119157,119161,119208,119214,119221,119225,119230,119232,119244,119249,119302,119306,119326,119333,119340,119344,119347,119366,119370,119484,119488,119558,119560,119572,119577,119581,119594,119598,119673,119677,119716,119723,119729,119734,119738,119752,119756,119821,119825,119858,119861,119866,119874,119881,119894,119897,119901,119984,119988,120025,120029,120132,120136,120197,120202,120209,120213,120216,120222,120225,120292,120296,120320,120322,120340,120347,120400,120404,120424,120430,120432,120489,120496,120522,120527,120532,120540,120546,120606,120610,120657,120660,120662,120665,120691,120694,120787,120789,120809,120813,120816,120834,120840,120842,120850,120855,120862,120865,120871,120874,120880,120888,120896,120901,120903,120929],[10,118877,3138,118879,10136,118881,92464],{"id":118878},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118880,73807],{},[15,118882,77250],{},[20,118884,118885],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[173,118887,118888,118892],{},[176,118889,118890],{},[15,118891,73807],{},[176,118893,118894],{},[15,118895,77250],{},[20,118897,118898,118899,118901],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,118900,1112],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118903,118904],{},"The main difference is simple:",[173,118906,118907,118915],{},[176,118908,152,118909,118911,118912],{},[15,118910,73807],{}," when you want a ",[30,118913,118914],{},"new sorted result",[176,118916,152,118917,118919,118920],{},[15,118918,77250],{}," when you want to ",[30,118921,118922],{},"change the original list",[20,118924,118925,118926,532,118928,118930],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118927,77250],{},[15,118929,3338],{}," and causes confusion.",[39,118932,42],{"id":41},[44,118934,118936],{"className":46,"code":118935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118937,118938,118958,118962,118979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118939,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118941,326],{"class":59},[53,118943,64],{"class":63},[53,118945,68],{"class":67},[53,118947,882],{"class":333},[53,118949,81],{"class":67},[53,118951,821],{"class":333},[53,118953,81],{"class":67},[53,118955,790],{"class":333},[53,118957,101],{"class":67},[53,118959,118960],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118961,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,118963,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,118965,55425],{"class":59},[53,118967,64],{"class":63},[53,118969,73941],{"class":136},[53,118971,121],{"class":67},[53,118973,3209],{"class":117},[53,118975,145],{"class":67},[53,118977,118978],{"class":148},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[53,118980,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,118982,3209],{"class":59},[53,118984,37],{"class":67},[53,118986,34345],{"class":117},[53,118988,6917],{"class":67},[53,118990,118991],{"class":148},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118993,152,118994,118996,118997,118999],{},[15,118995,73807],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118998,77250],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[39,119001,119003],{"id":119002},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[173,119005,119006,119011,119016,119023],{},[176,119007,152,119008,119010],{},[15,119009,73807],{}," to get a new sorted list",[176,119012,152,119013,119015],{},[15,119014,77250],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[176,119017,119018,119019,532,119021],{},"Understand why ",[15,119020,77250],{},[15,119022,3338],{},[176,119024,119025],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[39,119027,163,119028,166],{"id":117105},[15,119029,73807],{},[20,119031,119032,62458],{},[15,119033,73807],{},[20,119035,48469],{},[173,119037,119038,119044,119050],{},[176,119039,119040,119041],{},"returns a ",[30,119042,119043],{},"new list",[176,119045,119046,119047,119049],{},"does ",[30,119048,1112],{}," change the original data",[176,119051,119052],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119054,50676],{},[173,119056,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065],{},[176,119058,4852],{},[176,119060,4855],{},[176,119062,4861],{},[176,119064,4858],{},[176,119066,35456],{},[1418,119068,34624,119070,119072],{"id":119069},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119071,73807],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[44,119074,119076],{"className":46,"code":119075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119077,119078,119098,119102,119116,119120,119138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119081,326],{"class":59},[53,119083,64],{"class":63},[53,119085,68],{"class":67},[53,119087,882],{"class":333},[53,119089,81],{"class":67},[53,119091,821],{"class":333},[53,119093,81],{"class":67},[53,119095,790],{"class":333},[53,119097,101],{"class":67},[53,119099,119100],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119101,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119105,351],{"class":59},[53,119107,64],{"class":63},[53,119109,73941],{"class":136},[53,119111,121],{"class":67},[53,119113,3209],{"class":117},[53,119115,130],{"class":67},[53,119117,119118],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119119,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119121,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119123,137],{"class":136},[53,119125,121],{"class":67},[53,119127,72],{"class":71},[53,119129,11705],{"class":75},[53,119131,72],{"class":71},[53,119133,81],{"class":67},[53,119135,356],{"class":117},[53,119137,130],{"class":67},[53,119139,119140,119142,119144,119146,119149,119151,119153,119155],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,119141,137],{"class":136},[53,119143,121],{"class":67},[53,119145,72],{"class":71},[53,119147,119148],{"class":75},"sorted result:",[53,119150,72],{"class":71},[53,119152,81],{"class":67},[53,119154,80600],{"class":117},[53,119156,130],{"class":67},[20,119158,119159],{},[30,119160,388],{},[44,119162,119164],{"className":46,"code":119163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119165,119166,119186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119167,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119169,11684],{"class":59},[53,119171,171],{"class":67},[53,119173,68],{"class":67},[53,119175,882],{"class":333},[53,119177,81],{"class":67},[53,119179,821],{"class":333},[53,119181,81],{"class":67},[53,119183,790],{"class":333},[53,119185,101],{"class":67},[53,119187,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119189,73897],{"class":136},[53,119191,80600],{"class":59},[53,119193,171],{"class":67},[53,119195,68],{"class":67},[53,119197,517],{"class":333},[53,119199,81],{"class":67},[53,119201,790],{"class":333},[53,119203,81],{"class":67},[53,119205,1269],{"class":333},[53,119207,101],{"class":67},[20,119209,119210,119211,119213],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119212,3209],{}," stays the same.",[20,119215,119216,119217,37],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[195,119218,3138,119219,3071],{"href":73904},[15,119220,73807],{},[39,119222,163,119223,166],{"id":77316},[15,119224,77250],{},[20,119226,119227,119229],{},[15,119228,63844],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119231,48469],{},[173,119233,119234,119237,119240],{},[176,119235,119236],{},"changes the original list directly",[176,119238,119239],{},"only works on lists",[176,119241,3251,119242],{},[15,119243,3338],{},[1418,119245,34624,119247,73345],{"id":119246},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119248,77250],{},[44,119250,119252],{"className":46,"code":119251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119253,119254,119274,119278,119288,119292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119255,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119257,326],{"class":59},[53,119259,64],{"class":63},[53,119261,68],{"class":67},[53,119263,882],{"class":333},[53,119265,81],{"class":67},[53,119267,821],{"class":333},[53,119269,81],{"class":67},[53,119271,790],{"class":333},[53,119273,101],{"class":67},[53,119275,119276],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119277,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119279,119280,119282,119284,119286],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119281,3209],{"class":59},[53,119283,37],{"class":67},[53,119285,34345],{"class":117},[53,119287,8192],{"class":67},[53,119289,119290],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119291,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119293,119294,119296,119298,119300],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119295,137],{"class":136},[53,119297,121],{"class":67},[53,119299,3209],{"class":117},[53,119301,130],{"class":67},[20,119303,119304],{},[30,119305,388],{},[44,119307,119308],{"className":46,"code":54686,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,119309,119310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119311,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119313,1226],{"class":67},[53,119315,517],{"class":333},[53,119317,81],{"class":67},[53,119319,790],{"class":333},[53,119321,81],{"class":67},[53,119323,1269],{"class":333},[53,119325,101],{"class":67},[20,119327,119328,119329,119332],{},"After calling ",[15,119330,119331],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119334,119335,119336,37],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[195,119337,3138,119338,660],{"href":74158},[15,119339,77250],{},[39,119341,119343],{"id":119342},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119345,119346],{},"Here is the core difference:",[173,119348,119349,119358],{},[176,119350,119351,119354,119355],{},[15,119352,119353],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119356,119357],{},"new sorted list",[176,119359,119360,119363,119364,73715],{},[15,119361,119362],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119365,215],{},[1418,119367,119369],{"id":119368},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[44,119371,119373],{"className":46,"code":119372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119374,119375,119395,119399,119413,119432,119451,119455,119465],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119376,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119378,326],{"class":59},[53,119380,64],{"class":63},[53,119382,68],{"class":67},[53,119384,1698],{"class":333},[53,119386,81],{"class":67},[53,119388,790],{"class":333},[53,119390,81],{"class":67},[53,119392,826],{"class":333},[53,119394,101],{"class":67},[53,119396,119397],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119398,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119400,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119402,2112],{"class":59},[53,119404,64],{"class":63},[53,119406,73941],{"class":136},[53,119408,121],{"class":67},[53,119410,3209],{"class":117},[53,119412,130],{"class":67},[53,119414,119415,119417,119419,119421,119424,119426,119428,119430],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119416,137],{"class":136},[53,119418,121],{"class":67},[53,119420,72],{"class":71},[53,119422,119423],{"class":75},"numbers after sorted():",[53,119425,72],{"class":71},[53,119427,81],{"class":67},[53,119429,356],{"class":117},[53,119431,130],{"class":67},[53,119433,119434,119436,119438,119440,119443,119445,119447,119449],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119435,137],{"class":136},[53,119437,121],{"class":67},[53,119439,72],{"class":71},[53,119441,119442],{"class":75},"a:",[53,119444,72],{"class":71},[53,119446,81],{"class":67},[53,119448,56423],{"class":117},[53,119450,130],{"class":67},[53,119452,119453],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,119454,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119456,119457,119459,119461,119463],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,119458,3209],{"class":59},[53,119460,37],{"class":67},[53,119462,34345],{"class":117},[53,119464,8192],{"class":67},[53,119466,119467,119469,119471,119473,119476,119478,119480,119482],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,119468,137],{"class":136},[53,119470,121],{"class":67},[53,119472,72],{"class":71},[53,119474,119475],{"class":75},"numbers after sort():",[53,119477,72],{"class":71},[53,119479,81],{"class":67},[53,119481,356],{"class":117},[53,119483,130],{"class":67},[20,119485,119486],{},[30,119487,388],{},[44,119489,119491],{"className":46,"code":119490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119492,119493,119516,119536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119494,119495,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119496,119497],{"class":59},"numbers after ",[53,119499,73897],{"class":136},[53,119501,29128],{"class":67},[53,119503,68],{"class":67},[53,119505,1698],{"class":333},[53,119507,81],{"class":67},[53,119509,790],{"class":333},[53,119511,81],{"class":67},[53,119513,826],{"class":333},[53,119515,101],{"class":67},[53,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119519,195],{"class":59},[53,119521,171],{"class":67},[53,119523,68],{"class":67},[53,119525,525],{"class":333},[53,119527,81],{"class":67},[53,119529,826],{"class":333},[53,119531,81],{"class":67},[53,119533,4162],{"class":333},[53,119535,101],{"class":67},[53,119537,119538,119540,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552,119554,119556],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119539,119497],{"class":59},[53,119541,34345],{"class":117},[53,119543,29128],{"class":67},[53,119545,68],{"class":67},[53,119547,525],{"class":333},[53,119549,81],{"class":67},[53,119551,826],{"class":333},[53,119553,81],{"class":67},[53,119555,4162],{"class":333},[53,119557,101],{"class":67},[20,119559,10263],{},[173,119561,119562,119567],{},[176,119563,119564,119566],{},[15,119565,73807],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[176,119568,119569,119571],{},[15,119570,63844],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[39,119573,1391,119575],{"id":119574},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119576,73807],{},[20,119578,152,119579,1398],{},[15,119580,73807],{},[173,119582,119583,119586,119588,119591],{},[176,119584,119585],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[176,119587,118355],{},[176,119589,119590],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[176,119592,119593],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1418,119595,119597],{"id":119596},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[44,119599,119601],{"className":46,"code":119600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119602,119603,119627,119631,119645,119649,119659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119606,326],{"class":59},[53,119608,64],{"class":63},[53,119610,8787],{"class":67},[53,119612,2062],{"class":333},[53,119614,81],{"class":67},[53,119616,821],{"class":333},[53,119618,81],{"class":67},[53,119620,1269],{"class":333},[53,119622,81],{"class":67},[53,119624,790],{"class":333},[53,119626,130],{"class":67},[53,119628,119629],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119630,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119632,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119634,351],{"class":59},[53,119636,64],{"class":63},[53,119638,73941],{"class":136},[53,119640,121],{"class":67},[53,119642,3209],{"class":117},[53,119644,130],{"class":67},[53,119646,119647],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119648,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119650,119651,119653,119655,119657],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119652,137],{"class":136},[53,119654,121],{"class":67},[53,119656,383],{"class":117},[53,119658,130],{"class":67},[53,119660,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,119662,137],{"class":136},[53,119664,121],{"class":67},[53,119666,1321],{"class":1320},[53,119668,121],{"class":67},[53,119670,383],{"class":117},[53,119672,628],{"class":67},[20,119674,119675],{},[30,119676,388],{},[44,119678,119680],{"className":46,"code":119679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119681,119682,119702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119683,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119685,1226],{"class":67},[53,119687,517],{"class":333},[53,119689,81],{"class":67},[53,119691,790],{"class":333},[53,119693,81],{"class":67},[53,119695,1269],{"class":333},[53,119697,81],{"class":67},[53,119699,826],{"class":333},[53,119701,101],{"class":67},[53,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119705,2851],{"class":63},[53,119707,2854],{"class":1627},[53,119709,2857],{"class":71},[53,119711,7643],{"class":75},[53,119713,2862],{"class":71},[53,119715,2865],{"class":63},[20,119717,1846,119718,119720,119721,37],{},[15,119719,73807],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119722,7643],{},[20,119724,119725,119726,119728],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[195,119727,198],{"href":50522}," is a helpful next step.",[39,119730,1391,119732],{"id":119731},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119733,77250],{},[20,119735,152,119736,1398],{},[15,119737,77250],{},[173,119739,119740,119743,119746,119749],{},[176,119741,119742],{},"you already have a list",[176,119744,119745],{},"you want to update that list directly",[176,119747,119748],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[176,119750,119751],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1418,119753,119755],{"id":119754},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[44,119757,119759],{"className":46,"code":119758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119760,119761,119793,119797,119807,119811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119762,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119764,4549],{"class":59},[53,119766,64],{"class":63},[53,119768,68],{"class":67},[53,119770,72],{"class":71},[53,119772,4576],{"class":75},[53,119774,72],{"class":71},[53,119776,81],{"class":67},[53,119778,84],{"class":71},[53,119780,4558],{"class":75},[53,119782,72],{"class":71},[53,119784,81],{"class":67},[53,119786,84],{"class":71},[53,119788,4567],{"class":75},[53,119790,72],{"class":71},[53,119792,101],{"class":67},[53,119794,119795],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119796,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119798,119799,119801,119803,119805],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119800,4593],{"class":59},[53,119802,37],{"class":67},[53,119804,34345],{"class":117},[53,119806,8192],{"class":67},[53,119808,119809],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119810,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119812,119813,119815,119817,119819],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119814,137],{"class":136},[53,119816,121],{"class":67},[53,119818,4593],{"class":117},[53,119820,130],{"class":67},[20,119822,119823],{},[30,119824,388],{},[44,119826,119828],{"className":46,"code":119827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119829,119830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119833,1226],{"class":67},[53,119835,2862],{"class":71},[53,119837,4558],{"class":75},[53,119839,2862],{"class":71},[53,119841,81],{"class":67},[53,119843,2857],{"class":71},[53,119845,4567],{"class":75},[53,119847,2862],{"class":71},[53,119849,81],{"class":67},[53,119851,2857],{"class":71},[53,119853,4576],{"class":75},[53,119855,2862],{"class":71},[53,119857,101],{"class":67},[20,119859,119860],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119862,119863,119864,37],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[195,119865,79256],{"href":77759},[39,119867,119869,667,119871,119873],{"id":119868},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119870,72960],{},[15,119872,14392],{}," work with both",[20,119875,10141,119876,667,119878,119880],{},[15,119877,73807],{},[15,119879,77250],{}," support:",[173,119882,119883,119888],{},[176,119884,119885,119887],{},[15,119886,77474],{}," for descending order",[176,119889,119890,119893],{},[15,119891,119892],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119895,119896],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1418,119898,119900],{"id":119899},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[44,119902,119904],{"className":46,"code":119903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119905,119906,119926,119930,119952,119956,119974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119907,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119909,326],{"class":59},[53,119911,64],{"class":63},[53,119913,68],{"class":67},[53,119915,882],{"class":333},[53,119917,81],{"class":67},[53,119919,821],{"class":333},[53,119921,81],{"class":67},[53,119923,790],{"class":333},[53,119925,101],{"class":67},[53,119927,119928],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119929,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119931,119932,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948,119950],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,119933,137],{"class":136},[53,119935,121],{"class":67},[53,119937,73897],{"class":136},[53,119939,121],{"class":67},[53,119941,3209],{"class":117},[53,119943,81],{"class":67},[53,119945,77453],{"class":8726},[53,119947,64],{"class":63},[53,119949,3167],{"class":3413},[53,119951,628],{"class":67},[53,119953,119954],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,119955,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,119957,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,119959,3209],{"class":59},[53,119961,37],{"class":67},[53,119963,34345],{"class":117},[53,119965,121],{"class":67},[53,119967,72960],{"class":8726},[53,119969,64],{"class":63},[53,119971,3167],{"class":3413},[53,119973,130],{"class":67},[53,119975,119976,119978,119980,119982],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,119977,137],{"class":136},[53,119979,121],{"class":67},[53,119981,3209],{"class":117},[53,119983,130],{"class":67},[20,119985,119986],{},[30,119987,388],{},[44,119989,119991],{"className":46,"code":119990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119992,119993,120009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119994,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119996,1226],{"class":67},[53,119998,882],{"class":333},[53,120000,81],{"class":67},[53,120002,790],{"class":333},[53,120004,81],{"class":67},[53,120006,821],{"class":333},[53,120008,101],{"class":67},[53,120010,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120012,1226],{"class":67},[53,120014,882],{"class":333},[53,120016,81],{"class":67},[53,120018,790],{"class":333},[53,120020,81],{"class":67},[53,120022,821],{"class":333},[53,120024,101],{"class":67},[1418,120026,120028],{"id":120027},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[44,120030,120032],{"className":46,"code":120031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120033,120034,120066,120070,120096,120100,120122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120035,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120037,3631],{"class":59},[53,120039,64],{"class":63},[53,120041,68],{"class":67},[53,120043,72],{"class":71},[53,120045,82746],{"class":75},[53,120047,72],{"class":71},[53,120049,81],{"class":67},[53,120051,84],{"class":71},[53,120053,76],{"class":75},[53,120055,72],{"class":71},[53,120057,81],{"class":67},[53,120059,84],{"class":71},[53,120061,118220],{"class":75},[53,120063,72],{"class":71},[53,120065,101],{"class":67},[53,120067,120068],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120069,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120071,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120073,137],{"class":136},[53,120075,121],{"class":67},[53,120077,73897],{"class":136},[53,120079,121],{"class":67},[53,120081,3672],{"class":117},[53,120083,81],{"class":67},[53,120085,21124],{"class":8726},[53,120087,64],{"class":63},[53,120089,3005],{"class":1320},[53,120091,37],{"class":67},[53,120093,8189],{"class":1223},[53,120095,628],{"class":67},[53,120097,120098],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120099,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120101,120102,120104,120106,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120103,3672],{"class":59},[53,120105,37],{"class":67},[53,120107,34345],{"class":117},[53,120109,121],{"class":67},[53,120111,14392],{"class":8726},[53,120113,64],{"class":63},[53,120115,3005],{"class":1320},[53,120117,37],{"class":67},[53,120119,8189],{"class":1223},[53,120121,130],{"class":67},[53,120123,120124,120126,120128,120130],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,120125,137],{"class":136},[53,120127,121],{"class":67},[53,120129,3672],{"class":117},[53,120131,130],{"class":67},[20,120133,120134],{},[30,120135,388],{},[44,120137,120139],{"className":46,"code":120138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120140,120141,120169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120142,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120144,1226],{"class":67},[53,120146,2862],{"class":71},[53,120148,76],{"class":75},[53,120150,2862],{"class":71},[53,120152,81],{"class":67},[53,120154,2857],{"class":71},[53,120156,82746],{"class":75},[53,120158,2862],{"class":71},[53,120160,81],{"class":67},[53,120162,2857],{"class":71},[53,120164,118220],{"class":75},[53,120166,2862],{"class":71},[53,120168,101],{"class":67},[53,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120172,1226],{"class":67},[53,120174,2862],{"class":71},[53,120176,76],{"class":75},[53,120178,2862],{"class":71},[53,120180,81],{"class":67},[53,120182,2857],{"class":71},[53,120184,82746],{"class":75},[53,120186,2862],{"class":71},[53,120188,81],{"class":67},[53,120190,2857],{"class":71},[53,120192,118220],{"class":75},[53,120194,2862],{"class":71},[53,120196,101],{"class":67},[20,120198,664,120199,120201],{},[15,120200,77968],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120203,120204,120205,37],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[195,120206,120208],{"href":120207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[39,120210,120212],{"id":120211},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120214,120215],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1418,120217,120219,120220,12149],{"id":120218},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120221,77250],{},[20,120223,120224],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[44,120226,120228],{"className":46,"code":120227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120229,120230,120250,120254,120268,120272,120282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120233,326],{"class":59},[53,120235,64],{"class":63},[53,120237,68],{"class":67},[53,120239,882],{"class":333},[53,120241,81],{"class":67},[53,120243,821],{"class":333},[53,120245,81],{"class":67},[53,120247,790],{"class":333},[53,120249,101],{"class":67},[53,120251,120252],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120253,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120257,351],{"class":59},[53,120259,64],{"class":63},[53,120261,356],{"class":59},[53,120263,37],{"class":67},[53,120265,34345],{"class":117},[53,120267,8192],{"class":67},[53,120269,120270],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120271,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120273,120274,120276,120278,120280],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120275,137],{"class":136},[53,120277,121],{"class":67},[53,120279,383],{"class":117},[53,120281,130],{"class":67},[53,120283,120284,120286,120288,120290],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,120285,137],{"class":136},[53,120287,121],{"class":67},[53,120289,3209],{"class":117},[53,120291,130],{"class":67},[20,120293,120294],{},[30,120295,388],{},[44,120297,120298],{"className":46,"code":78591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120299,120300,120304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120301,120302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120303,11359],{"class":3413},[53,120305,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120307,1226],{"class":67},[53,120309,517],{"class":333},[53,120311,81],{"class":67},[53,120313,790],{"class":333},[53,120315,81],{"class":67},[53,120317,1269],{"class":333},[53,120319,101],{"class":67},[20,120321,11451],{},[173,120323,120324,120329,120334],{},[176,120325,120326,120328],{},[15,120327,119331],{}," sorts the list in place",[176,120330,34561,120331,120333],{},[30,120332,1112],{}," return the sorted list",[176,120335,89370,120336,41697,120338],{},[15,120337,383],{},[15,120339,3338],{},[1418,120341,120343,120344,120346],{"id":120342},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120345,73807],{}," to change the original list",[44,120348,120350],{"className":46,"code":120349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120351,120352,120372,120376,120386,120390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120353,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120355,326],{"class":59},[53,120357,64],{"class":63},[53,120359,68],{"class":67},[53,120361,882],{"class":333},[53,120363,81],{"class":67},[53,120365,821],{"class":333},[53,120367,81],{"class":67},[53,120369,790],{"class":333},[53,120371,101],{"class":67},[53,120373,120374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120375,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120379,73897],{"class":136},[53,120381,121],{"class":67},[53,120383,3209],{"class":117},[53,120385,130],{"class":67},[53,120387,120388],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120389,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120391,120392,120394,120396,120398],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120393,137],{"class":136},[53,120395,121],{"class":67},[53,120397,3209],{"class":117},[53,120399,130],{"class":67},[20,120401,120402],{},[30,120403,388],{},[44,120405,120406],{"className":46,"code":118552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120407,120408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120409,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120411,1226],{"class":67},[53,120413,882],{"class":333},[53,120415,81],{"class":67},[53,120417,821],{"class":333},[53,120419,81],{"class":67},[53,120421,790],{"class":333},[53,120423,101],{"class":67},[20,120425,120426,120429],{},[15,120427,120428],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120431,10357],{},[44,120433,120435],{"className":46,"code":120434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120436,120437,120457,120461,120475,120479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120438,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120440,326],{"class":59},[53,120442,64],{"class":63},[53,120444,68],{"class":67},[53,120446,882],{"class":333},[53,120448,81],{"class":67},[53,120450,821],{"class":333},[53,120452,81],{"class":67},[53,120454,790],{"class":333},[53,120456,101],{"class":67},[53,120458,120459],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120460,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120462,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120464,55177],{"class":59},[53,120466,64],{"class":63},[53,120468,73941],{"class":136},[53,120470,121],{"class":67},[53,120472,3209],{"class":117},[53,120474,130],{"class":67},[53,120476,120477],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120478,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120480,120481,120483,120485,120487],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120482,137],{"class":136},[53,120484,121],{"class":67},[53,120486,55196],{"class":117},[53,120488,130],{"class":67},[1418,120490,120492,120493,120495],{"id":120491},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120494,63844],{}," on a tuple or string",[44,120497,120498],{"className":46,"code":78693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120499,120500,120512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120501,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120503,34233],{"class":59},[53,120505,64],{"class":63},[53,120507,84],{"class":71},[53,120509,48],{"class":75},[53,120511,1032],{"class":71},[53,120513,120514,120516,120518,120520],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120515,34254],{"class":59},[53,120517,37],{"class":67},[53,120519,34345],{"class":117},[53,120521,8192],{"class":67},[20,120523,120524,120525,33145],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120526,63844],{},[20,120528,120529,120531],{},[15,120530,63844],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120533,120534,120535,120537,120538,37],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120536,73807],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[195,120539,4691],{"href":5138},[1418,120541,120543,120544,118589],{"id":120542},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120545,73807],{},[44,120547,120549],{"className":46,"code":120548,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120550,120551,120564,120578,120582,120592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120552,120553,120555,120557,120559,120562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120554,34233],{"class":59},[53,120556,64],{"class":63},[53,120558,84],{"class":71},[53,120560,120561],{"class":75},"cab",[53,120563,1032],{"class":71},[53,120565,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120567,351],{"class":59},[53,120569,64],{"class":63},[53,120571,73941],{"class":136},[53,120573,121],{"class":67},[53,120575,34254],{"class":117},[53,120577,130],{"class":67},[53,120579,120580],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120581,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,120583,120584,120586,120588,120590],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120585,137],{"class":136},[53,120587,121],{"class":67},[53,120589,383],{"class":117},[53,120591,130],{"class":67},[53,120593,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120595,137],{"class":136},[53,120597,121],{"class":67},[53,120599,1321],{"class":1320},[53,120601,121],{"class":67},[53,120603,383],{"class":117},[53,120605,628],{"class":67},[20,120607,120608],{},[30,120609,388],{},[44,120611,120613],{"className":46,"code":120612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120614,120615,120643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120616,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120618,1226],{"class":67},[53,120620,2862],{"class":71},[53,120622,195],{"class":75},[53,120624,2862],{"class":71},[53,120626,81],{"class":67},[53,120628,2857],{"class":71},[53,120630,704],{"class":75},[53,120632,2862],{"class":71},[53,120634,81],{"class":67},[53,120636,2857],{"class":71},[53,120638,713],{"class":75},[53,120640,2862],{"class":71},[53,120642,101],{"class":67},[53,120644,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120646,2851],{"class":63},[53,120648,2854],{"class":1627},[53,120650,2857],{"class":71},[53,120652,7643],{"class":75},[53,120654,2862],{"class":71},[53,120656,2865],{"class":63},[20,120658,120659],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[39,120661,113110],{"id":113109},[20,120663,120664],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[173,120666,120667,120670,120675,120680,120686],{},[176,120668,120669],{},"confusing a function with a method",[176,120671,120672,120673,53184],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120674,63844],{},[176,120676,120677,120678,12149],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120679,77250],{},[176,120681,120682,120683,120685],{},"trying to use ",[15,120684,63844],{}," on non-list data types",[176,120687,50048,120688,120690],{},[15,120689,73807],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120692,120693],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,120695,120697],{"className":46,"code":120696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120698,120699,120709,120723,120748,120763,120773],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120700,120701,120703,120705,120707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120702,137],{"class":136},[53,120704,121],{"class":67},[53,120706,215],{"class":117},[53,120708,130],{"class":67},[53,120710,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120712,137],{"class":136},[53,120714,121],{"class":67},[53,120716,73897],{"class":136},[53,120718,121],{"class":67},[53,120720,215],{"class":117},[53,120722,628],{"class":67},[53,120724,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737,120740,120742,120744,120746],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,120726,351],{"class":59},[53,120728,64],{"class":63},[53,120730,1340],{"class":59},[53,120732,37],{"class":67},[53,120734,34345],{"class":117},[53,120736,6917],{"class":67},[53,120738,120739],{"class":59},"; ",[53,120741,137],{"class":136},[53,120743,121],{"class":67},[53,120745,383],{"class":117},[53,120747,130],{"class":67},[53,120749,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120761],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,120751,137],{"class":136},[53,120753,121],{"class":67},[53,120755,1321],{"class":1320},[53,120757,121],{"class":67},[53,120759,120760],{"class":117},"my_data",[53,120762,628],{"class":67},[53,120764,120765,120767,120769,120771],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,120766,31697],{"class":136},[53,120768,121],{"class":67},[53,120770,73897],{"class":136},[53,120772,130],{"class":67},[53,120774,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,120776,31697],{"class":136},[53,120778,121],{"class":67},[53,120780,7643],{"class":1320},[53,120782,37],{"class":67},[53,120784,34345],{"class":1223},[53,120786,130],{"class":67},[20,120788,83756],{},[173,120790,120791,120794,120798,120806],{},[176,120792,120793],{},"whether your original list changed",[176,120795,25564,120796,11256],{},[15,120797,73807],{},[176,120799,120800,120801,120803,120804],{},"whether ",[15,120802,63844],{}," returned ",[15,120805,3338],{},[176,120807,120808],{},"what type of object you are working with",[39,120810,120812],{"id":120811},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120814,120815],{},"Use this rule:",[173,120817,120818,120826],{},[176,120819,120820,120821,120823,120824],{},"Need a ",[30,120822,118914],{},": use ",[15,120825,73807],{},[176,120827,120828,120829,120823,120832],{},"Need to ",[30,120830,120831],{},"change one list directly",[15,120833,77250],{},[20,120835,120836,120837,120839],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120838,73807],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[39,120841,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,120843,120845,120846,2438,120848,1459],{"id":120844},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120847,73807],{},[15,120849,77250],{},[20,120851,120852,120854],{},[15,120853,73807],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1418,120856,4711,120858,1152,120860,1459],{"id":120857},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120859,77250],{},[15,120861,3338],{},[20,120863,120864],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1418,120866,1446,120868,120870],{"id":120867},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120869,73807],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120872,120873],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1418,120875,27872,120877,120879],{"id":120876},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120878,63844],{}," on a string?",[20,120881,45909,120882,120884,120885,39471],{},[15,120883,63844],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120886,120887],{},"sorted(string)",[1418,120889,11370,120891,667,120893,120895],{"id":120890},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120892,73807],{},[15,120894,63844],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120897,120898,120899,37],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120900,77474],{},[39,120902,1471],{"id":1470},[173,120904,120905,120911,120917,120921,120925],{},[176,120906,120907],{},[195,120908,3138,120909,3071],{"href":73904},[15,120910,73807],{},[176,120912,120913],{},[195,120914,3138,120915,660],{"href":74158},[15,120916,77250],{},[176,120918,120919],{},[195,120920,79256],{"href":77759},[176,120922,120923],{},[195,120924,120208],{"href":120207},[176,120926,120927],{},[195,120928,198],{"href":50522},[1494,120930,120931],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":120933},[120934,120935,120936,120940,120944,120947,120951,120955,120960,120970,120971,120972,120984],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":119002,"depth":104,"text":119003},{"id":117105,"depth":104,"text":118827,"children":120937},[120938],{"id":119069,"depth":133,"text":120939},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77316,"depth":104,"text":79278,"children":120941},[120942],{"id":119246,"depth":133,"text":120943},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119342,"depth":104,"text":119343,"children":120945},[120946],{"id":119368,"depth":133,"text":119369},{"id":119574,"depth":104,"text":120948,"children":120949},"When to use sorted()",[120950],{"id":119596,"depth":133,"text":119597},{"id":119731,"depth":104,"text":120952,"children":120953},"When to use list.sort()",[120954],{"id":119754,"depth":133,"text":119755},{"id":119868,"depth":104,"text":120956,"children":120957},"reverse and key work with both",[120958,120959],{"id":119899,"depth":133,"text":119900},{"id":120027,"depth":133,"text":120028},{"id":120211,"depth":104,"text":120212,"children":120961},[120962,120964,120966,120968],{"id":120218,"depth":133,"text":120963},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120342,"depth":133,"text":120965},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120491,"depth":133,"text":120967},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120542,"depth":133,"text":120969},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113109,"depth":104,"text":113110},{"id":120811,"depth":104,"text":120812},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":120973},[120974,120976,120978,120980,120982],{"id":120844,"depth":133,"text":120975},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120857,"depth":133,"text":120977},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120867,"depth":133,"text":120979},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120876,"depth":133,"text":120981},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120890,"depth":133,"text":120983},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118873,"description":120985},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120991,"title":41718,"body":120992,"description":122724,"extension":1524,"meta":122725,"navigation":372,"path":122726,"seo":122727,"stem":122728,"__hash__":122729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120993,"toc":122681},[120994,120999,121004,121010,121012,121067,121071,121094,121099,121104,121109,121111,121142,121145,121159,121161,121163,121178,121183,121187,121190,121241,121245,121259,121266,121270,121274,121329,121333,121356,121360,121416,121420,121443,121447,121502,121506,121529,121533,121600,121604,121639,121645,121650,121655,121657,121671,121673,121747,121751,121771,121776,121783,121786,121798,121800,121869,121873,121910,121913,121938,121945,121954,121957,121969,121975,121981,121983,121989,121994,122073,122077,122118,122122,122124,122151,122154,122177,122180,122186,122189,122226,122238,122245,122247,122298,122301,122333,122336,122338,122345,122347,122362,122364,122421,122425,122449,122451,122456,122472,122479,122483,122486,122569,122579,122581,122586,122589,122595,122598,122604,122607,122613,122616,122623,122631,122633,122678],[10,120995,3138,120997,3142],{"id":120996},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120998,47225],{},[20,121000,31862,121001,121003],{},[15,121002,47225],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121005,121006,121007,121009],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121008,47225],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[39,121011,1566],{"id":1565},[44,121013,121015],{"className":46,"code":121014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121016,121017,121025,121039,121043,121053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121018,121019,121021,121023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121020,21173],{"class":59},[53,121022,64],{"class":63},[53,121024,44769],{"class":333},[53,121026,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035,121037],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121028,34233],{"class":59},[53,121030,64],{"class":63},[53,121032,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121034,121],{"class":67},[53,121036,8850],{"class":117},[53,121038,130],{"class":67},[53,121040,121041],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121042,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121044,121045,121047,121049,121051],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121046,137],{"class":136},[53,121048,121],{"class":67},[53,121050,34254],{"class":117},[53,121052,130],{"class":67},[53,121054,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121056,137],{"class":136},[53,121058,121],{"class":67},[53,121060,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121062,121],{"class":67},[53,121064,34254],{"class":117},[53,121066,628],{"class":67},[20,121068,121069],{},[30,121070,388],{},[44,121072,121074],{"className":46,"code":121073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121075,121076,121080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121077,121078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121079,2267],{"class":333},[53,121081,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121083,2851],{"class":63},[53,121085,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121087,2857],{"class":71},[53,121089,3005],{"class":75},[53,121091,2862],{"class":71},[53,121093,2865],{"class":63},[20,121095,152,121096,121098],{},[15,121097,47225],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[39,121100,163,121102,166],{"id":121101},"what-str-does",[15,121103,47225],{},[20,121105,121106,121108],{},[15,121107,47225],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121110,1669],{},[173,121112,121113,121120,121127,121134],{},[176,121114,121115,121116,41697,121118],{},"An integer like ",[15,121117,334],{},[15,121119,41668],{},[176,121121,121122,121123,41697,121125],{},"A float like ",[15,121124,39685],{},[15,121126,47636],{},[176,121128,121129,121130,41697,121132],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121131,3167],{},[15,121133,6192],{},[176,121135,121136,121137,41697,121139],{},"A list like ",[15,121138,74629],{},[15,121140,121141],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121143,121144],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[173,121146,121147,121150,121153,121156],{},[176,121148,121149],{},"print it",[176,121151,121152],{},"combine it with other strings",[176,121154,121155],{},"save it to a file",[176,121157,121158],{},"use it in messages",[39,121160,202],{"id":201},[20,121162,6769],{},[44,121164,121166],{"className":46,"code":121165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"str(object)\n",[15,121167,121168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121169,121170,121172,121174,121176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121171,3005],{"class":1320},[53,121173,121],{"class":67},[53,121175,41941],{"class":1320},[53,121177,130],{"class":67},[20,121179,20318,121180,121182],{},[15,121181,41941],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121184,121185,7775],{},[15,121186,47225],{},[20,121188,121189],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[44,121191,121193],{"className":46,"code":121192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121194,121195,121204,121227,121231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121196,121197,121199,121201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121198,4650],{"class":59},[53,121200,64],{"class":63},[53,121202,121203],{"class":333}," 100\n",[53,121205,121206,121208,121210,121212,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121207,89390],{"class":59},[53,121209,64],{"class":63},[53,121211,84],{"class":71},[53,121213,121214],{"class":75},"Your score is ",[53,121216,72],{"class":71},[53,121218,2013],{"class":63},[53,121220,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121222,121],{"class":67},[53,121224,84903],{"class":117},[53,121226,130],{"class":67},[53,121228,121229],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121230,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121232,121233,121235,121237,121239],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121234,137],{"class":136},[53,121236,121],{"class":67},[53,121238,89407],{"class":117},[53,121240,130],{"class":67},[20,121242,121243],{},[30,121244,388],{},[44,121246,121248],{"className":46,"code":121247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121249,121250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121251,121252,121255,121257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121253,121254],{"class":59},"Your score ",[53,121256,11745],{"class":63},[53,121258,121203],{"class":333},[20,121260,1856,121261,121265],{},[195,121262,121263,1863],{"href":1859},[15,121264,1862],{}," can help you check.",[39,121267,121269],{"id":121268},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1418,121271,121273],{"id":121272},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[44,121275,121277],{"className":46,"code":121276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121278,121279,121287,121301,121305,121315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121280,121281,121283,121285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121282,1778],{"class":59},[53,121284,64],{"class":63},[53,121286,2145],{"class":333},[53,121288,121289,121291,121293,121295,121297,121299],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121290,34233],{"class":59},[53,121292,64],{"class":63},[53,121294,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121296,121],{"class":67},[53,121298,1800],{"class":117},[53,121300,130],{"class":67},[53,121302,121303],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121304,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121306,121307,121309,121311,121313],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121308,137],{"class":136},[53,121310,121],{"class":67},[53,121312,34254],{"class":117},[53,121314,130],{"class":67},[53,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121318,137],{"class":136},[53,121320,121],{"class":67},[53,121322,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121324,121],{"class":67},[53,121326,34254],{"class":117},[53,121328,628],{"class":67},[20,121330,121331],{},[30,121332,388],{},[44,121334,121336],{"className":46,"code":121335,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121337,121338,121342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121339,121340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121341,1936],{"class":333},[53,121343,121344,121346,121348,121350,121352,121354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121345,2851],{"class":63},[53,121347,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121349,2857],{"class":71},[53,121351,3005],{"class":75},[53,121353,2862],{"class":71},[53,121355,2865],{"class":63},[1418,121357,121359],{"id":121358},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[44,121361,121363],{"className":46,"code":121362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121364,121365,121374,121388,121392,121402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121366,121367,121369,121371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121368,39929],{"class":59},[53,121370,64],{"class":63},[53,121372,121373],{"class":333}," 3.14\n",[53,121375,121376,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121377,34233],{"class":59},[53,121379,64],{"class":63},[53,121381,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121383,121],{"class":67},[53,121385,24695],{"class":117},[53,121387,130],{"class":67},[53,121389,121390],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121391,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121393,121394,121396,121398,121400],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121395,137],{"class":136},[53,121397,121],{"class":67},[53,121399,34254],{"class":117},[53,121401,130],{"class":67},[53,121403,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412,121414],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121405,137],{"class":136},[53,121407,121],{"class":67},[53,121409,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121411,121],{"class":67},[53,121413,34254],{"class":117},[53,121415,628],{"class":67},[20,121417,121418],{},[30,121419,388],{},[44,121421,121423],{"className":46,"code":121422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121424,121425,121429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121426,121427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121428,39719],{"class":333},[53,121430,121431,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121432,2851],{"class":63},[53,121434,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121436,2857],{"class":71},[53,121438,3005],{"class":75},[53,121440,2862],{"class":71},[53,121442,2865],{"class":63},[1418,121444,121446],{"id":121445},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[44,121448,121450],{"className":46,"code":121449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121451,121452,121460,121474,121478,121488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121453,121454,121456,121458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121455,2006],{"class":59},[53,121457,64],{"class":63},[53,121459,5974],{"class":3413},[53,121461,121462,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121463,34233],{"class":59},[53,121465,64],{"class":63},[53,121467,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121469,121],{"class":67},[53,121471,224],{"class":117},[53,121473,130],{"class":67},[53,121475,121476],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121477,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121479,121480,121482,121484,121486],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121481,137],{"class":136},[53,121483,121],{"class":67},[53,121485,34254],{"class":117},[53,121487,130],{"class":67},[53,121489,121490,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121491,137],{"class":136},[53,121493,121],{"class":67},[53,121495,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121497,121],{"class":67},[53,121499,34254],{"class":117},[53,121501,628],{"class":67},[20,121503,121504],{},[30,121505,388],{},[44,121507,121509],{"className":46,"code":121508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121510,121511,121515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121512,121513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121514,3540],{"class":3413},[53,121516,121517,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121518,2851],{"class":63},[53,121520,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121522,2857],{"class":71},[53,121524,3005],{"class":75},[53,121526,2862],{"class":71},[53,121528,2865],{"class":63},[1418,121530,121532],{"id":121531},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[44,121534,121536],{"className":46,"code":121535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121537,121538,121558,121572,121576,121586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121539,121540,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550,121552,121554,121556],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121541,60],{"class":59},[53,121543,64],{"class":63},[53,121545,68],{"class":67},[53,121547,517],{"class":333},[53,121549,81],{"class":67},[53,121551,790],{"class":333},[53,121553,81],{"class":67},[53,121555,1269],{"class":333},[53,121557,101],{"class":67},[53,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566,121568,121570],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121561,34233],{"class":59},[53,121563,64],{"class":63},[53,121565,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121567,121],{"class":67},[53,121569,956],{"class":117},[53,121571,130],{"class":67},[53,121573,121574],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121575,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121577,121578,121580,121582,121584],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121579,137],{"class":136},[53,121581,121],{"class":67},[53,121583,34254],{"class":117},[53,121585,130],{"class":67},[53,121587,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121598],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121589,137],{"class":136},[53,121591,121],{"class":67},[53,121593,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121595,121],{"class":67},[53,121597,34254],{"class":117},[53,121599,628],{"class":67},[20,121601,121602],{},[30,121603,388],{},[44,121605,121607],{"className":46,"code":121606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121608,121609,121625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121610,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121612,1226],{"class":67},[53,121614,517],{"class":333},[53,121616,81],{"class":67},[53,121618,790],{"class":333},[53,121620,81],{"class":67},[53,121622,1269],{"class":333},[53,121624,101],{"class":67},[53,121626,121627,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121628,2851],{"class":63},[53,121630,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121632,2857],{"class":71},[53,121634,3005],{"class":75},[53,121636,2862],{"class":71},[53,121638,2865],{"class":63},[20,121640,121641,121642,121644],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121643,1112],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[39,121646,1391,121648],{"id":121647},"when-to-use-str",[15,121649,47225],{},[20,121651,152,121652,121654],{},[15,121653,47225],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121656,35968],{},[173,121658,121659,121662,121665,121668],{},[176,121660,121661],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[176,121663,121664],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[176,121666,121667],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[176,121669,121670],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121672,316],{},[44,121674,121676],{"className":46,"code":121675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121677,121678,121690,121698,121702,121737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121681,7426],{"class":59},[53,121683,64],{"class":63},[53,121685,84],{"class":71},[53,121687,11059],{"class":75},[53,121689,1032],{"class":71},[53,121691,121692,121694,121696],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121693,21173],{"class":59},[53,121695,64],{"class":63},[53,121697,44769],{"class":333},[53,121699,121700],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121701,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121703,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730,121732,121735],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121705,89390],{"class":59},[53,121707,64],{"class":63},[53,121709,35515],{"class":59},[53,121711,1622],{"class":63},[53,121713,84],{"class":71},[53,121715,285],{"class":75},[53,121717,72],{"class":71},[53,121719,2013],{"class":63},[53,121721,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121723,121],{"class":67},[53,121725,8850],{"class":117},[53,121727,145],{"class":67},[53,121729,2013],{"class":63},[53,121731,84],{"class":71},[53,121733,121734],{"class":75}," years old.",[53,121736,1032],{"class":71},[53,121738,121739,121741,121743,121745],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121740,137],{"class":136},[53,121742,121],{"class":67},[53,121744,89407],{"class":117},[53,121746,130],{"class":67},[20,121748,121749],{},[30,121750,388],{},[44,121752,121754],{"className":46,"code":121753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121755,121756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121757,121758,121761,121763,121765,121768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121759,121760],{"class":59},"Maya ",[53,121762,11745],{"class":63},[53,121764,8857],{"class":333},[53,121766,121767],{"class":59}," years old",[53,121769,121770],{"class":67},".\n",[20,121772,121773,121774,37],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[195,121775,89076],{"href":89075},[39,121777,121779,10136,121781],{"id":121778},"str-vs-print",[15,121780,47225],{},[15,121782,45996],{},[20,121784,121785],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[173,121787,121788,121793],{},[176,121789,121790,121792],{},[15,121791,47225],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[176,121794,121795,121797],{},[15,121796,45996],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121799,316],{},[44,121801,121803],{"className":46,"code":121802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121804,121805,121813,121817,121831,121841,121855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121806,121807,121809,121811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121808,2006],{"class":59},[53,121810,64],{"class":63},[53,121812,2327],{"class":333},[53,121814,121815],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121816,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,121818,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121820,34233],{"class":59},[53,121822,64],{"class":63},[53,121824,48446],{"class":1320},[53,121826,121],{"class":67},[53,121828,224],{"class":117},[53,121830,130],{"class":67},[53,121832,121833,121835,121837,121839],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,121834,137],{"class":136},[53,121836,121],{"class":67},[53,121838,34254],{"class":117},[53,121840,130],{"class":67},[53,121842,121843,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,121844,137],{"class":136},[53,121846,121],{"class":67},[53,121848,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121850,121],{"class":67},[53,121852,34254],{"class":117},[53,121854,628],{"class":67},[53,121856,121857,121859,121861,121863,121865,121867],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,121858,137],{"class":136},[53,121860,121],{"class":67},[53,121862,1321],{"class":1320},[53,121864,121],{"class":67},[53,121866,224],{"class":117},[53,121868,628],{"class":67},[20,121870,121871],{},[30,121872,388],{},[44,121874,121876],{"className":46,"code":121875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121877,121878,121882,121896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121879,121880],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121881,46156],{"class":333},[53,121883,121884,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121885,2851],{"class":63},[53,121887,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121889,2857],{"class":71},[53,121891,3005],{"class":75},[53,121893,2862],{"class":71},[53,121895,2865],{"class":63},[53,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,121899,2851],{"class":63},[53,121901,2854],{"class":1627},[53,121903,2857],{"class":71},[53,121905,1750],{"class":75},[53,121907,2862],{"class":71},[53,121909,2865],{"class":63},[20,121911,121912],{},"Notice:",[173,121914,121915,121921,121926],{},[176,121916,121917,121920],{},[15,121918,121919],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[176,121922,121923,121925],{},[15,121924,45996],{}," only displayed values",[176,121927,121928,121930,121931,121933,121934,60833,121936],{},[15,121929,45996],{}," did not change ",[15,121932,224],{}," from ",[15,121935,1750],{},[15,121937,3005],{},[20,121939,121940,121941,37],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[195,121942,121943,1863],{"href":45993},[15,121944,45996],{},[39,121946,121948,10136,121950,121953],{"id":121947},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121949,47225],{},[15,121951,121952],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121955,121956],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[173,121958,121959,121964],{},[176,121960,121961,121963],{},[15,121962,47225],{}," is the more readable text version",[176,121965,121966,121968],{},[15,121967,121952],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121970,121971,121972,121974],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121973,47225],{}," much more often.",[20,121976,121977,121978,121980],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121979,47225],{}," is usually the right choice.",[39,121982,1129],{"id":1128},[1418,121984,1139,121986,121988],{"id":121985},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121987,47225],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121990,121991,121993],{},[15,121992,47225],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[44,121995,121997],{"className":46,"code":121996,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121998,121999,122007,122021,122025,122035,122049,122059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122000,122001,122003,122005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122002,21173],{"class":59},[53,122004,64],{"class":63},[53,122006,44769],{"class":333},[53,122008,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017,122019],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122010,34233],{"class":59},[53,122012,64],{"class":63},[53,122014,48446],{"class":1320},[53,122016,121],{"class":67},[53,122018,8850],{"class":117},[53,122020,130],{"class":67},[53,122022,122023],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122024,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,122026,122027,122029,122031,122033],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,122028,137],{"class":136},[53,122030,121],{"class":67},[53,122032,8850],{"class":117},[53,122034,130],{"class":67},[53,122036,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045,122047],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,122038,137],{"class":136},[53,122040,121],{"class":67},[53,122042,1321],{"class":1320},[53,122044,121],{"class":67},[53,122046,8850],{"class":117},[53,122048,628],{"class":67},[53,122050,122051,122053,122055,122057],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,122052,137],{"class":136},[53,122054,121],{"class":67},[53,122056,34254],{"class":117},[53,122058,130],{"class":67},[53,122060,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,122062,137],{"class":136},[53,122064,121],{"class":67},[53,122066,1321],{"class":1320},[53,122068,121],{"class":67},[53,122070,34254],{"class":117},[53,122072,628],{"class":67},[20,122074,122075],{},[30,122076,388],{},[44,122078,122080],{"className":46,"code":122079,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122081,122082,122086,122100,122104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122083,122084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122085,2267],{"class":333},[53,122087,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122089,2851],{"class":63},[53,122091,2854],{"class":1627},[53,122093,2857],{"class":71},[53,122095,1750],{"class":75},[53,122097,2862],{"class":71},[53,122099,2865],{"class":63},[53,122101,122102],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122103,2267],{"class":333},[53,122105,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,122107,2851],{"class":63},[53,122109,2854],{"class":1627},[53,122111,2857],{"class":71},[53,122113,3005],{"class":75},[53,122115,2862],{"class":71},[53,122117,2865],{"class":63},[1418,122119,122121],{"id":122120},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122123,6239],{},[44,122125,122127],{"className":46,"code":122126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122128,122129,122137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122130,122131,122133,122135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122132,21173],{"class":59},[53,122134,64],{"class":63},[53,122136,44769],{"class":333},[53,122138,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122140,34233],{"class":59},[53,122142,64],{"class":63},[53,122144,48446],{"class":1320},[53,122146,121],{"class":67},[53,122148,8850],{"class":117},[53,122150,130],{"class":67},[20,122152,122153],{},"But if you only do this:",[44,122155,122157],{"className":46,"code":122156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122158,122159,122167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122160,122161,122163,122165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122162,21173],{"class":59},[53,122164,64],{"class":63},[53,122166,44769],{"class":333},[53,122168,122169,122171,122173,122175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122170,3005],{"class":1320},[53,122172,121],{"class":67},[53,122174,8850],{"class":117},[53,122176,130],{"class":67},[20,122178,122179],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1418,122181,664,122183,122185],{"id":122182},"using-str-too-early",[15,122184,47225],{}," too early",[20,122187,122188],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[44,122190,122192],{"className":46,"code":122191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122193,122194,122202,122217,122221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122195,122196,122198,122200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122197,39929],{"class":59},[53,122199,64],{"class":63},[53,122201,2145],{"class":333},[53,122203,122204,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122205,122206],{"class":59},"text_price ",[53,122208,64],{"class":63},[53,122210,48446],{"class":1320},[53,122212,121],{"class":67},[53,122214,24695],{"class":117},[53,122216,130],{"class":67},[53,122218,122219],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122220,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,122222,122223],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,122224,122225],{"class":148},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122227,122228,122229,2438,122233,122237],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[195,122230,122231],{"href":2434},[15,122232,2437],{},[195,122234,122235],{"href":2441},[15,122236,2444],{},", depending on the situation.",[1418,122239,8001,122241,122244],{"id":122240},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122242,122243],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122246,64176],{},[44,122248,122250],{"className":46,"code":122249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122251,122252,122284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122255,60],{"class":59},[53,122257,64],{"class":63},[53,122259,68],{"class":67},[53,122261,72],{"class":71},[53,122263,76],{"class":75},[53,122265,72],{"class":71},[53,122267,81],{"class":67},[53,122269,84],{"class":71},[53,122271,87],{"class":75},[53,122273,72],{"class":71},[53,122275,81],{"class":67},[53,122277,84],{"class":71},[53,122279,967],{"class":75},[53,122281,72],{"class":71},[53,122283,101],{"class":67},[53,122285,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122287,137],{"class":136},[53,122289,121],{"class":67},[53,122291,3005],{"class":1320},[53,122293,121],{"class":67},[53,122295,956],{"class":117},[53,122297,628],{"class":67},[20,122299,122300],{},"prints:",[44,122302,122303],{"className":46,"code":72219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,122304,122305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122306,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122308,1226],{"class":67},[53,122310,2862],{"class":71},[53,122312,76],{"class":75},[53,122314,2862],{"class":71},[53,122316,81],{"class":67},[53,122318,2857],{"class":71},[53,122320,87],{"class":75},[53,122322,2862],{"class":71},[53,122324,81],{"class":67},[53,122326,2857],{"class":71},[53,122328,967],{"class":75},[53,122330,2862],{"class":71},[53,122332,101],{"class":67},[20,122334,122335],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[39,122337,16967],{"id":16966},[20,122339,122340,21520,122342,37],{},[15,122341,47225],{},[30,122343,122344],{},"new string",[20,122346,11008],{},[173,122348,122349,122352,122355],{},[176,122350,122351],{},"It always returns a string",[176,122353,122354],{},"It does not modify the original object",[176,122356,7315,122357,122361],{},[195,122358,122359],{"href":1859},[15,122360,1862],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122363,316],{},[44,122365,122367],{"className":46,"code":122366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122368,122369,122377,122392,122396,122407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122370,122371,122373,122375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122372,2006],{"class":59},[53,122374,64],{"class":63},[53,122376,13681],{"class":333},[53,122378,122379,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122380,122381],{"class":59},"converted ",[53,122383,64],{"class":63},[53,122385,48446],{"class":1320},[53,122387,121],{"class":67},[53,122389,224],{"class":117},[53,122391,130],{"class":67},[53,122393,122394],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122395,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,122397,122398,122400,122402,122405],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,122399,137],{"class":136},[53,122401,121],{"class":67},[53,122403,122404],{"class":117},"converted",[53,122406,130],{"class":67},[53,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417,122419],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,122410,137],{"class":136},[53,122412,121],{"class":67},[53,122414,1321],{"class":1320},[53,122416,121],{"class":67},[53,122418,122404],{"class":117},[53,122420,628],{"class":67},[20,122422,122423],{},[30,122424,388],{},[44,122426,122428],{"className":46,"code":122427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122429,122430,122435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122431,122432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122433,122434],{"class":333},"99\n",[53,122436,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122438,2851],{"class":63},[53,122440,2854],{"class":1627},[53,122442,2857],{"class":71},[53,122444,3005],{"class":75},[53,122446,2862],{"class":71},[53,122448,2865],{"class":63},[39,122450,113110],{"id":113109},[20,122452,122453,122454,74198],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122455,47225],{},[173,122457,122458,122461,122464,122469],{},[176,122459,122460],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[176,122462,122463],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[176,122465,664,122466,122468],{},[15,122467,47225],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[176,122470,122471],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122473,122474,122475,37],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[195,122476,25225,122477],{"href":89788},[15,122478,89789],{},[39,122480,122482],{"id":122481},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122484,122485],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[44,122487,122489],{"className":46,"code":122488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122490,122491,122499,122503,122513,122527,122531,122545,122555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122492,122493,122495,122497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122494,2006],{"class":59},[53,122496,64],{"class":63},[53,122498,44769],{"class":333},[53,122500,122501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122502,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,122504,122505,122507,122509,122511],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122506,137],{"class":136},[53,122508,121],{"class":67},[53,122510,224],{"class":117},[53,122512,130],{"class":67},[53,122514,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,122516,137],{"class":136},[53,122518,121],{"class":67},[53,122520,1321],{"class":1320},[53,122522,121],{"class":67},[53,122524,224],{"class":117},[53,122526,628],{"class":67},[53,122528,122529],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,122530,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,122534,122381],{"class":59},[53,122536,64],{"class":63},[53,122538,48446],{"class":1320},[53,122540,121],{"class":67},[53,122542,224],{"class":117},[53,122544,130],{"class":67},[53,122546,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,122548,137],{"class":136},[53,122550,121],{"class":67},[53,122552,122404],{"class":117},[53,122554,130],{"class":67},[53,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,122558,137],{"class":136},[53,122560,121],{"class":67},[53,122562,1321],{"class":1320},[53,122564,121],{"class":67},[53,122566,122404],{"class":117},[53,122568,628],{"class":67},[20,122570,122571,122572,891,122574,122576,122577,37],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122573,1750],{},[15,122575,1753],{},", or another type into ",[15,122578,3005],{},[39,122580,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,122582,1421,122584,1424],{"id":122583},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122585,47225],{},[20,122587,122588],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1418,122590,1431,122592,122594],{"id":122591},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122593,47225],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122596,122597],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1418,122599,1446,122601,122603],{"id":122600},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122602,47225],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122605,122606],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1418,122608,93974,122610,122612],{"id":122609},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122611,47225],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122614,122615],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1418,122617,14454,122619,56741,122621,1459],{"id":122618},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122620,47225],{},[15,122622,45996],{},[20,122624,45909,122625,122627,122628,122630],{},[15,122626,47225],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122629,45996],{}," shows output.",[39,122632,1471],{"id":1470},[173,122634,122635,122641,122647,122653,122659,122668,122672],{},[176,122636,122637],{},[195,122638,122639,3071],{"href":45993},[15,122640,45996],{},[176,122642,122643],{},[195,122644,122645,3071],{"href":1859},[15,122646,1862],{},[176,122648,122649],{},[195,122650,122651,3071],{"href":2434},[15,122652,2437],{},[176,122654,122655],{},[195,122656,122657,3071],{"href":2441},[15,122658,2444],{},[176,122660,122661],{},[195,122662,122664,122665,122667],{"href":122663},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122666,1750],{}," to string in Python",[176,122669,122670],{},[195,122671,90066],{"href":89075},[176,122673,122674],{},[195,122675,29892,122676],{"href":89788},[15,122677,89789],{},[1494,122679,122680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":121268,"depth":104,"text":121269,"children":122688},[122689,122690,122691,122692],{"id":121272,"depth":133,"text":121273},{"id":121358,"depth":133,"text":121359},{"id":121445,"depth":133,"text":121446},{"id":121531,"depth":133,"text":121532},{"id":121647,"depth":104,"text":122694},"When to use str()",{"id":121778,"depth":104,"text":122696},"str() vs print()",{"id":121947,"depth":104,"text":122698},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":122700},[122701,122703,122704,122706],{"id":121985,"depth":133,"text":122702},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122120,"depth":133,"text":122121},{"id":122182,"depth":133,"text":122705},"Using str() too early",{"id":122240,"depth":133,"text":122707},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":113109,"depth":104,"text":113110},{"id":122481,"depth":104,"text":122482},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":122712},[122713,122715,122717,122719,122721],{"id":122583,"depth":133,"text":122714},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122591,"depth":133,"text":122716},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122600,"depth":133,"text":122718},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122609,"depth":133,"text":122720},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122618,"depth":133,"text":122722},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41718,"description":122724},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122731,"title":122732,"body":122733,"description":124186,"extension":1524,"meta":124187,"navigation":372,"path":124188,"seo":124189,"stem":124190,"__hash__":124191},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122734,"toc":124148},[122735,122741,122747,122750,122772,122774,122836,122838,122851,122857,122862,122867,122869,122882,122893,122895,122922,122924,122941,122948,122959,122961,122966,122968,122980,122988,122997,122999,123002,123055,123057,123065,123073,123077,123082,123122,123124,123132,123135,123137,123177,123179,123187,123197,123203,123206,123279,123281,123294,123298,123303,123331,123334,123369,123371,123379,123382,123386,123390,123392,123408,123410,123450,123452,123460,123469,123512,123514,123522,123524,123528,123534,123537,123577,123579,123587,123592,123595,123638,123642,123645,123680,123685,123687,123726,123736,123744,123754,123762,123766,123771,123773,123814,123816,123824,123829,123832,123835,123853,123859,123863,123868,123871,123911,123913,123918,124017,124020,124036,124038,124057,124059,124066,124069,124075,124078,124084,124088,124094,124097,124103,124106,124108,124145],[10,122736,122738,122739,18],{"id":122737},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122740,659],{},[20,122742,122743,122744,122746],{},"The Python string ",[15,122745,659],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122748,122749],{},"This reference page explains:",[173,122751,122752,122756,122759,122761,122769],{},[176,122753,25564,122754,166],{},[15,122755,659],{},[176,122757,122758],{},"its syntax",[176,122760,34941],{},[176,122762,122763,122764,667,122766,122768],{},"how ",[15,122765,273],{},[15,122767,279],{}," work",[176,122770,122771],{},"common beginner mistakes",[39,122773,1566],{"id":1565},[44,122775,122777],{"className":46,"code":122776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122778,122779,122791,122813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122780,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122782,34233],{"class":59},[53,122784,64],{"class":63},[53,122786,84],{"class":71},[53,122788,87],{"class":75},[53,122790,1032],{"class":71},[53,122792,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122794,137],{"class":136},[53,122796,121],{"class":67},[53,122798,34254],{"class":117},[53,122800,37],{"class":67},[53,122802,40801],{"class":117},[53,122804,121],{"class":67},[53,122806,72],{"class":71},[53,122808,195],{"class":75},[53,122810,72],{"class":71},[53,122812,628],{"class":67},[53,122814,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827,122829,122832,122834],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,122816,137],{"class":136},[53,122818,121],{"class":67},[53,122820,34254],{"class":117},[53,122822,37],{"class":67},[53,122824,40801],{"class":117},[53,122826,121],{"class":67},[53,122828,72],{"class":71},[53,122830,122831],{"class":75},"na",[53,122833,72],{"class":71},[53,122835,628],{"class":67},[20,122837,388],{},[44,122839,122841],{"className":46,"code":122840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\n",[15,122842,122843,122847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122844,122845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122846,847],{"class":333},[53,122848,122849],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122850,490],{"class":333},[20,122852,152,122853,122856],{},[15,122854,122855],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[39,122858,12548,122860,12551],{"id":122859},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122861,659],{},[20,122863,122864,122866],{},[15,122865,659],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122868,12604],{},[173,122870,122871,122874,122877,122879],{},[176,122872,122873],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[176,122875,122876],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[176,122878,43201],{},[176,122880,122881],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122883,122884,122885,122887,122888,891,122890,122892],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122886,17643],{}," characters are in ",[15,122889,514],{},[15,122891,659],{}," is a simple choice.",[39,122894,202],{"id":201},[44,122896,122898],{"className":46,"code":122897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122899,122900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122901,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918,122920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122903,60706],{"class":59},[53,122905,37],{"class":67},[53,122907,40801],{"class":117},[53,122909,121],{"class":67},[53,122911,224],{"class":117},[53,122913,81],{"class":67},[53,122915,251],{"class":117},[53,122917,81],{"class":67},[53,122919,256],{"class":117},[53,122921,130],{"class":67},[1418,122923,16943],{"id":16942},[173,122925,122926,122931,122936],{},[176,122927,122928,122930],{},[15,122929,224],{},": the text to search for",[176,122932,122933,122935],{},[15,122934,273],{},": optional; where counting begins",[176,122937,122938,122940],{},[15,122939,279],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122942,122943,667,122945,122947],{},[15,122944,273],{},[15,122946,279],{}," work like slice positions:",[173,122949,122950,122955],{},[176,122951,122952,122954],{},[15,122953,273],{}," is included",[176,122956,122957,75124],{},[15,122958,279],{},[39,122960,16967],{"id":16966},[20,122962,122963,122965],{},[15,122964,659],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122967,1687],{},[173,122969,122970,122975],{},[176,122971,122972,122973],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122974,882],{},[176,122976,122977,122978],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122979,187],{},[20,122981,40447,122982,1152,122984,2438,122986,37],{},[30,122983,1112],{},[15,122985,3167],{},[15,122987,3234],{},[20,122989,122990,122991,122996],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[195,122992,122994,100984],{"href":122993},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122995,1048],{}," is often a better fit.",[39,122998,11025],{"id":11024},[20,123000,123001],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[44,123003,123005],{"className":46,"code":123004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123006,123007,123019,123041,123045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123008,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123010,34233],{"class":59},[53,123012,64],{"class":63},[53,123014,84],{"class":71},[53,123016,76],{"class":75},[53,123018,1032],{"class":71},[53,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123022,351],{"class":59},[53,123024,64],{"class":63},[53,123026,42384],{"class":59},[53,123028,37],{"class":67},[53,123030,40801],{"class":117},[53,123032,121],{"class":67},[53,123034,72],{"class":71},[53,123036,20],{"class":75},[53,123038,72],{"class":71},[53,123040,130],{"class":67},[53,123042,123043],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,123044,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,123046,123047,123049,123051,123053],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,123048,137],{"class":136},[53,123050,121],{"class":67},[53,123052,383],{"class":117},[53,123054,130],{"class":67},[20,123056,388],{},[44,123058,123059],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123060,123061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123062,123063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123064,490],{"class":333},[20,123066,63352,123067,123070,123071,37],{},[15,123068,123069],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123072,506],{},[39,123074,123076],{"id":123075},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123078,123079,123081],{},[15,123080,659],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[44,123083,123085],{"className":46,"code":123084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123086,123087,123100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123088,123089,123091,123093,123095,123098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123090,34233],{"class":59},[53,123092,64],{"class":63},[53,123094,84],{"class":71},[53,123096,123097],{"class":75},"cat dog cat bird cat",[53,123099,1032],{"class":71},[53,123101,123102,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118,123120],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123103,137],{"class":136},[53,123105,121],{"class":67},[53,123107,34254],{"class":117},[53,123109,37],{"class":67},[53,123111,40801],{"class":117},[53,123113,121],{"class":67},[53,123115,72],{"class":71},[53,123117,36590],{"class":75},[53,123119,72],{"class":71},[53,123121,628],{"class":67},[20,123123,388],{},[44,123125,123126],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123127,123128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123129,123130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123131,847],{"class":333},[20,123133,123134],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123136,316],{},[44,123138,123140],{"className":46,"code":123139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123141,123142,123155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123143,123144,123146,123148,123150,123153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123145,34233],{"class":59},[53,123147,64],{"class":63},[53,123149,84],{"class":71},[53,123151,123152],{"class":75},"one One one",[53,123154,1032],{"class":71},[53,123156,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173,123175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123158,137],{"class":136},[53,123160,121],{"class":67},[53,123162,34254],{"class":117},[53,123164,37],{"class":67},[53,123166,40801],{"class":117},[53,123168,121],{"class":67},[53,123170,72],{"class":71},[53,123172,6137],{"class":75},[53,123174,72],{"class":71},[53,123176,628],{"class":67},[20,123178,388],{},[44,123180,123181],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123182,123183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123184,123185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123186,490],{"class":333},[20,123188,123189,123190,123193,123194,123196],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123191,123192],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123195,659],{}," is case-sensitive.",[39,123198,664,123199,667,123201],{"id":663},[15,123200,273],{},[15,123202,279],{},[20,123204,123205],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[44,123207,123209],{"className":46,"code":123208,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123210,123211,123223,123249],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123212,123213,123215,123217,123219,123221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123214,34233],{"class":59},[53,123216,64],{"class":63},[53,123218,84],{"class":71},[53,123220,87],{"class":75},[53,123222,1032],{"class":71},[53,123224,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245,123247],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123226,137],{"class":136},[53,123228,121],{"class":67},[53,123230,34254],{"class":117},[53,123232,37],{"class":67},[53,123234,40801],{"class":117},[53,123236,121],{"class":67},[53,123238,72],{"class":71},[53,123240,195],{"class":75},[53,123242,72],{"class":71},[53,123244,81],{"class":67},[53,123246,790],{"class":333},[53,123248,628],{"class":67},[53,123250,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261,123263,123265,123267,123269,123271,123273,123275,123277],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,123252,137],{"class":136},[53,123254,121],{"class":67},[53,123256,34254],{"class":117},[53,123258,37],{"class":67},[53,123260,40801],{"class":117},[53,123262,121],{"class":67},[53,123264,72],{"class":71},[53,123266,195],{"class":75},[53,123268,72],{"class":71},[53,123270,81],{"class":67},[53,123272,790],{"class":333},[53,123274,81],{"class":67},[53,123276,4162],{"class":333},[53,123278,628],{"class":67},[20,123280,388],{},[44,123282,123284],{"className":46,"code":123283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n1\n",[15,123285,123286,123290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123287,123288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123289,490],{"class":333},[53,123291,123292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123293,391],{"class":333},[1418,123295,123297],{"id":123296},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123299,123300,123301,171],{},"In ",[15,123302,514],{},[173,123304,123305,123313,123321],{},[176,123306,70348,123307,123309,123310],{},[15,123308,525],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123311,123312],{},"\"n\"",[176,123314,123315,123318,123319,75422],{},[15,123316,123317],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123320,525],{},[176,123322,123323,123318,123326,123328,123329],{},[15,123324,123325],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123327,525],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123330,1698],{},[20,123332,123333],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[44,123335,123337],{"className":46,"code":123336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123338,123339,123351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123340,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123342,34233],{"class":59},[53,123344,64],{"class":63},[53,123346,84],{"class":71},[53,123348,87],{"class":75},[53,123350,1032],{"class":71},[53,123352,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123354,137],{"class":136},[53,123356,121],{"class":67},[53,123358,34254],{"class":117},[53,123360,1226],{"class":67},[53,123362,525],{"class":333},[53,123364,171],{"class":67},[53,123366,1698],{"class":333},[53,123368,3449],{"class":67},[20,123370,388],{},[44,123372,123373],{"className":46,"code":41010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123374,123375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123376,123377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123378,41010],{"class":59},[20,123380,123381],{},"Only that section is searched.",[39,123383,123385],{"id":123384},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123387,123388,123196],{},[15,123389,659],{},[20,123391,1669],{},[173,123393,123394,123402],{},[176,123395,123396,667,123398,123401],{},[15,123397,17643],{},[15,123399,123400],{},"\"A\""," are different",[176,123403,123404,667,123406,123401],{},[15,123405,64067],{},[15,123407,89801],{},[20,123409,316],{},[44,123411,123413],{"className":46,"code":123412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123414,123415,123428],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123416,123417,123419,123421,123423,123426],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123418,34233],{"class":59},[53,123420,64],{"class":63},[53,123422,84],{"class":71},[53,123424,123425],{"class":75},"Apple apple APPLE",[53,123427,1032],{"class":71},[53,123429,123430,123432,123434,123436,123438,123440,123442,123444,123446,123448],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123431,137],{"class":136},[53,123433,121],{"class":67},[53,123435,34254],{"class":117},[53,123437,37],{"class":67},[53,123439,40801],{"class":117},[53,123441,121],{"class":67},[53,123443,72],{"class":71},[53,123445,76],{"class":75},[53,123447,72],{"class":71},[53,123449,628],{"class":67},[20,123451,388],{},[44,123453,123454],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123455,123456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123457,123458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123459,391],{"class":333},[20,123461,123462,123463,171],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[195,123464,123466],{"href":123465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123467,123468],{},"lower()",[44,123470,123472],{"className":46,"code":123471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123473,123474,123486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123477,34233],{"class":59},[53,123479,64],{"class":63},[53,123481,84],{"class":71},[53,123483,123425],{"class":75},[53,123485,1032],{"class":71},[53,123487,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123489,137],{"class":136},[53,123491,121],{"class":67},[53,123493,34254],{"class":117},[53,123495,37],{"class":67},[53,123497,8189],{"class":117},[53,123499,8186],{"class":67},[53,123501,40801],{"class":117},[53,123503,121],{"class":67},[53,123505,72],{"class":71},[53,123507,76],{"class":75},[53,123509,72],{"class":71},[53,123511,628],{"class":67},[20,123513,388],{},[44,123515,123516],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123517,123518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123519,123520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123521,847],{"class":333},[39,123523,2389],{"id":2388},[20,123525,22640,123526,37],{},[15,123527,659],{},[1418,123529,8001,123531,123533],{"id":123530},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123532,659],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123535,123536],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[44,123538,123540],{"className":46,"code":123539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123541,123542,123555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123543,123544,123546,123548,123550,123553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123545,34233],{"class":59},[53,123547,64],{"class":63},[53,123549,84],{"class":71},[53,123551,123552],{"class":75},"Aardvark",[53,123554,1032],{"class":71},[53,123556,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123558,137],{"class":136},[53,123560,121],{"class":67},[53,123562,34254],{"class":117},[53,123564,37],{"class":67},[53,123566,40801],{"class":117},[53,123568,121],{"class":67},[53,123570,72],{"class":71},[53,123572,195],{"class":75},[53,123574,72],{"class":71},[53,123576,628],{"class":67},[20,123578,388],{},[44,123580,123581],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123582,123583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123584,123585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123586,490],{"class":333},[20,123588,123189,123589,123591],{},[15,123590,123400],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123593,123594],{},"If needed, convert first:",[44,123596,123598],{"className":46,"code":123597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123599,123600,123612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123601,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123603,34233],{"class":59},[53,123605,64],{"class":63},[53,123607,84],{"class":71},[53,123609,123552],{"class":75},[53,123611,1032],{"class":71},[53,123613,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123615,137],{"class":136},[53,123617,121],{"class":67},[53,123619,34254],{"class":117},[53,123621,37],{"class":67},[53,123623,8189],{"class":117},[53,123625,8186],{"class":67},[53,123627,40801],{"class":117},[53,123629,121],{"class":67},[53,123631,72],{"class":71},[53,123633,195],{"class":75},[53,123635,72],{"class":71},[53,123637,628],{"class":67},[1418,123639,123641],{"id":123640},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123643,123644],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[44,123646,123648],{"className":46,"code":123647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123649,123650,123662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123651,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123653,34233],{"class":59},[53,123655,64],{"class":63},[53,123657,84],{"class":71},[53,123659,87],{"class":75},[53,123661,1032],{"class":71},[53,123663,123664,123666,123668,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123665,137],{"class":136},[53,123667,121],{"class":67},[53,123669,34254],{"class":117},[53,123671,37],{"class":67},[53,123673,40801],{"class":117},[53,123675,121],{"class":67},[53,123677,195],{"class":117},[53,123679,628],{"class":67},[20,123681,123682,123683,37],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123684,195],{},[20,123686,10357],{},[44,123688,123690],{"className":46,"code":123689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123691,123692,123704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123695,34233],{"class":59},[53,123697,64],{"class":63},[53,123699,84],{"class":71},[53,123701,87],{"class":75},[53,123703,1032],{"class":71},[53,123705,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123707,137],{"class":136},[53,123709,121],{"class":67},[53,123711,34254],{"class":117},[53,123713,37],{"class":67},[53,123715,40801],{"class":117},[53,123717,121],{"class":67},[53,123719,72],{"class":71},[53,123721,195],{"class":75},[53,123723,72],{"class":71},[53,123725,628],{"class":67},[1418,123727,36747,123729,8254,123731,2438,123734],{"id":123728},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123730,659],{},[15,123732,123733],{},"find()",[15,123735,17],{},[20,123737,152,123738,123740,123741,37],{},[15,123739,659],{}," when you need the ",[30,123742,123743],{},"number of matches",[20,123745,152,123746,123740,123751,123753],{},[195,123747,123749],{"href":123748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123750,123733],{},[30,123752,142],{}," of the first match.",[20,123755,152,123756,123761],{},[195,123757,123759],{"href":123758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123760,17],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1418,123763,123765],{"id":123764},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123767,123768,123770],{},[15,123769,659],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123772,316],{},[44,123774,123776],{"className":46,"code":123775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123777,123778,123791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123779,123780,123782,123784,123786,123789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123781,34233],{"class":59},[53,123783,64],{"class":63},[53,123785,84],{"class":71},[53,123787,123788],{"class":75},"aaaa",[53,123790,1032],{"class":71},[53,123792,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803,123805,123807,123810,123812],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123794,137],{"class":136},[53,123796,121],{"class":67},[53,123798,34254],{"class":117},[53,123800,37],{"class":67},[53,123802,40801],{"class":117},[53,123804,121],{"class":67},[53,123806,72],{"class":71},[53,123808,123809],{"class":75},"aa",[53,123811,72],{"class":71},[53,123813,628],{"class":67},[20,123815,388],{},[44,123817,123818],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123819,123820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123821,123822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123823,490],{"class":333},[20,123825,123826,123827,37],{},"It does not return ",[15,123828,882],{},[20,123830,123831],{},"Why not?",[20,123833,123834],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[173,123836,123837,123846],{},[176,123838,123839,123842,123843],{},[15,123840,123841],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123844,123845],{},"0-1",[176,123847,123848,123842,123850],{},[15,123849,123841],{},[15,123851,123852],{},"2-3",[20,123854,123855,123856,37],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123857,123858],{},"1-2",[39,123860,1391,123861],{"id":57907},[15,123862,659],{},[20,123864,152,123865,123867],{},[15,123866,659],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123869,123870],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[173,123872,123873,123882,123892,123902],{},[176,123874,152,123875,123877,123878,123881],{},[15,123876,659],{}," when you need ",[30,123879,123880],{},"how many times"," something appears",[176,123883,152,123884,123877,123888,123891],{},[195,123885,123886],{"href":123748},[15,123887,123733],{},[30,123889,123890],{},"where"," it appears",[176,123893,47352,123894,123898,123899],{},[195,123895,123896,100984],{"href":122993},[15,123897,1048],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,123900,123901],{},"if it exists",[176,123903,152,123904,123910],{},[195,123905,123907],{"href":123906},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123908,123909],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[39,123912,25487],{"id":25486},[20,123914,8425,123915,123917],{},[15,123916,659],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[44,123919,123921],{"className":46,"code":123920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123922,123923,123933,123947,123969,123995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123924,123925,123927,123929,123931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123926,137],{"class":136},[53,123928,121],{"class":67},[53,123930,34254],{"class":117},[53,123932,130],{"class":67},[53,123934,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123936,137],{"class":136},[53,123938,121],{"class":67},[53,123940,1321],{"class":1320},[53,123942,121],{"class":67},[53,123944,34254],{"class":117},[53,123946,628],{"class":67},[53,123948,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,123950,137],{"class":136},[53,123952,121],{"class":67},[53,123954,34254],{"class":117},[53,123956,37],{"class":67},[53,123958,40801],{"class":117},[53,123960,121],{"class":67},[53,123962,72],{"class":71},[53,123964,195],{"class":75},[53,123966,72],{"class":71},[53,123968,628],{"class":67},[53,123970,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,123972,137],{"class":136},[53,123974,121],{"class":67},[53,123976,34254],{"class":117},[53,123978,37],{"class":67},[53,123980,8189],{"class":117},[53,123982,8186],{"class":67},[53,123984,40801],{"class":117},[53,123986,121],{"class":67},[53,123988,72],{"class":71},[53,123990,195],{"class":75},[53,123992,72],{"class":71},[53,123994,628],{"class":67},[53,123996,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,123998,137],{"class":136},[53,124000,121],{"class":67},[53,124002,34254],{"class":117},[53,124004,37],{"class":67},[53,124006,40801],{"class":117},[53,124008,121],{"class":67},[53,124010,72],{"class":71},[53,124012,122831],{"class":75},[53,124014,72],{"class":71},[53,124016,628],{"class":67},[20,124018,124019],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[173,124021,124022,124025,124030,124033],{},[176,124023,124024],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[176,124026,124027,124029],{},[15,124028,34254],{}," not being a string",[176,124031,124032],{},"counting the wrong substring",[176,124034,124035],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124037,58396],{},[173,124039,124040,124043,124046,124049],{},[176,124041,124042],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[176,124044,124045],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[176,124047,124048],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[176,124050,50034,124051,44173,124053,2438,124055,72694],{},[15,124052,659],{},[15,124054,123733],{},[15,124056,1048],{},[39,124058,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,124060,124062,124063,124065],{"id":124061},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124064,659],{}," change the original string?",[20,124067,124068],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1418,124070,14454,124072,124074],{"id":124071},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124073,659],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124076,124077],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1418,124079,1421,124081,124083],{"id":124080},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124082,659],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124085,4701,124086,37],{},[15,124087,187],{},[1418,124089,1446,124091,124093],{"id":124090},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124092,659],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124095,124096],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1418,124098,1431,124100,124102],{"id":124099},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124101,659],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124104,124105],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[39,124107,1471],{"id":1470},[173,124109,124110,124117,124124,124131,124138],{},[176,124111,124112],{},[195,124113,124114],{"href":123748},[15,124115,124116],{},"Python string find() method",[176,124118,124119],{},[195,124120,124121],{"href":123758},[15,124122,124123],{},"Python string index() method",[176,124125,124126],{},[195,124127,124128],{"href":123465},[15,124129,124130],{},"Python string lower() method",[176,124132,124133],{},[195,124134,124135],{"href":122993},[15,124136,124137],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[176,124139,124140],{},[195,124141,124142],{"href":123906},[15,124143,124144],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1494,124146,124147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":124149},[124150,124151,124153,124156,124157,124158,124159,124162,124163,124171,124172,124173,124185],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":122859,"depth":104,"text":124152},"What the count() method does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":124154},[124155],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":123075,"depth":104,"text":123076},{"id":663,"depth":104,"text":1507,"children":124160},[124161],{"id":123296,"depth":133,"text":123297},{"id":123384,"depth":104,"text":123385},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":124164},[124165,124167,124168,124170],{"id":123530,"depth":133,"text":124166},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123640,"depth":133,"text":123641},{"id":123728,"depth":133,"text":124169},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123764,"depth":133,"text":123765},{"id":57907,"depth":104,"text":58536},{"id":25486,"depth":104,"text":25487},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":124174},[124175,124177,124179,124181,124183],{"id":124061,"depth":133,"text":124176},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124071,"depth":133,"text":124178},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124080,"depth":133,"text":124180},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124090,"depth":133,"text":124182},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124099,"depth":133,"text":124184},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122732,"description":124186},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124193,"title":124194,"body":124195,"description":125780,"extension":1524,"meta":125781,"navigation":372,"path":125782,"seo":125783,"stem":125784,"__hash__":125785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124196,"toc":125753},[124197,124200,124203,124300,124309,124311,124330,124334,124337,124340,124353,124356,124385,124390,124395,124453,124455,124488,124494,124498,124501,124504,124533,124536,124563,124566,124569,124573,124576,124583,124646,124648,124666,124669,124673,124676,124679,124721,124724,124768,124771,124774,124778,124783,124786,124829,124831,124854,124857,124890,124893,124942,124952,124956,124959,124962,124991,124994,125005,125007,125066,125069,125073,125076,125079,125094,125103,125106,125140,125143,125170,125173,125180,125182,125185,125187,125190,125204,125213,125215,125242,125246,125249,125263,125266,125325,125329,125332,125359,125362,125389,125397,125400,125460,125462,125495,125499,125502,125521,125526,125575,125580,125582,125585,125644,125662,125664,125668,125676,125680,125683,125687,125693,125697,125707,125711,125714,125716,125750],[10,124198,124194],{"id":124199},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124201,124202],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[44,124204,124206],{"className":46,"code":124205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124207,124208,124220,124232,124241,124255,124259,124269,124279,124290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124209,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124211,7426],{"class":59},[53,124213,64],{"class":63},[53,124215,84],{"class":71},[53,124217,4558],{"class":75},[53,124219,1032],{"class":71},[53,124221,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124223,89390],{"class":59},[53,124225,64],{"class":63},[53,124227,2857],{"class":71},[53,124229,34413],{"class":75},[53,124231,29244],{"class":71},[53,124233,124234,124237,124239],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124235,124236],{"class":59},"empty ",[53,124238,64],{"class":63},[53,124240,7431],{"class":71},[53,124242,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124244,34233],{"class":59},[53,124246,64],{"class":63},[53,124248,48446],{"class":1320},[53,124250,121],{"class":67},[53,124252,49788],{"class":333},[53,124254,130],{"class":67},[53,124256,124257],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,124258,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124260,124261,124263,124265,124267],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,124262,137],{"class":136},[53,124264,121],{"class":67},[53,124266,7220],{"class":117},[53,124268,130],{"class":67},[53,124270,124271,124273,124275,124277],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,124272,137],{"class":136},[53,124274,121],{"class":67},[53,124276,89407],{"class":117},[53,124278,130],{"class":67},[53,124280,124281,124283,124285,124288],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,124282,137],{"class":136},[53,124284,121],{"class":67},[53,124286,124287],{"class":117},"empty",[53,124289,130],{"class":67},[53,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,124293,137],{"class":136},[53,124295,121],{"class":67},[53,124297,34254],{"class":117},[53,124299,130],{"class":67},[20,124301,124302,124305,124306,124308],{},[30,124303,124304],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124307,47225],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[39,124310,14714],{"id":14713},[173,124312,124313,124316,124319,124322,124327],{},[176,124314,124315],{},"What a string is in Python",[176,124317,124318],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[176,124320,124321],{},"How to create an empty string",[176,124323,124324,124325],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124326,47225],{},[176,124328,124329],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[39,124331,124333],{"id":124332},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124335,124336],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124338,124339],{},"Strings can contain:",[173,124341,124342,124345,124347,124350],{},[176,124343,124344],{},"Letters",[176,124346,55997],{},[176,124348,124349],{},"Spaces",[176,124351,124352],{},"Symbols",[20,124354,124355],{},"Examples of strings:",[44,124357,124359],{"className":46,"code":124358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124360,124361,124369,124377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124362,124363,124365,124367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124364,72],{"class":42871},[53,124366,3406],{"class":42875},[53,124368,1032],{"class":42871},[53,124370,124371,124373,124375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124372,72],{"class":42871},[53,124374,49788],{"class":42875},[53,124376,1032],{"class":42871},[53,124378,124379,124381,124383],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124380,72],{"class":42871},[53,124382,88532],{"class":42875},[53,124384,1032],{"class":42871},[20,124386,642,124387,124389],{},[15,124388,49838],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124391,124392,124393,171],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124394,1862],{},[44,124396,124398],{"className":46,"code":124397,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124399,124400,124412,124421,124425,124439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124401,124402,124404,124406,124408,124410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124403,34233],{"class":59},[53,124405,64],{"class":63},[53,124407,84],{"class":71},[53,124409,49788],{"class":75},[53,124411,1032],{"class":71},[53,124413,124414,124416,124418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124415,1778],{"class":59},[53,124417,64],{"class":63},[53,124419,124420],{"class":333}," 123\n",[53,124422,124423],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124424,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124426,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124437],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124428,137],{"class":136},[53,124430,121],{"class":67},[53,124432,1321],{"class":1320},[53,124434,121],{"class":67},[53,124436,34254],{"class":117},[53,124438,628],{"class":67},[53,124440,124441,124443,124445,124447,124449,124451],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,124442,137],{"class":136},[53,124444,121],{"class":67},[53,124446,1321],{"class":1320},[53,124448,121],{"class":67},[53,124450,1800],{"class":117},[53,124452,628],{"class":67},[20,124454,388],{},[44,124456,124458],{"className":46,"code":124457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124459,124460,124474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124461,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470,124472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124463,2851],{"class":63},[53,124465,2854],{"class":1627},[53,124467,2857],{"class":71},[53,124469,3005],{"class":75},[53,124471,2862],{"class":71},[53,124473,2865],{"class":63},[53,124475,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124477,2851],{"class":63},[53,124479,2854],{"class":1627},[53,124481,2857],{"class":71},[53,124483,1750],{"class":75},[53,124485,2862],{"class":71},[53,124487,2865],{"class":63},[20,124489,124490,124491,37],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[195,124492,124493],{"href":50518},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[39,124495,124497],{"id":124496},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124499,124500],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124502,124503],{},"You can use single quotes:",[44,124505,124507],{"className":46,"code":124506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124508,124509,124522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124510,124511,124514,124516,124518,124520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124512,124513],{"class":59},"greeting ",[53,124515,64],{"class":63},[53,124517,2857],{"class":71},[53,124519,3406],{"class":75},[53,124521,29244],{"class":71},[53,124523,124524,124526,124528,124531],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124525,137],{"class":136},[53,124527,121],{"class":67},[53,124529,124530],{"class":117},"greeting",[53,124532,130],{"class":67},[20,124534,124535],{},"Or double quotes:",[44,124537,124539],{"className":46,"code":124538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124540,124541,124553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124542,124543,124545,124547,124549,124551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124544,124513],{"class":59},[53,124546,64],{"class":63},[53,124548,84],{"class":71},[53,124550,3406],{"class":75},[53,124552,1032],{"class":71},[53,124554,124555,124557,124559,124561],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124556,137],{"class":136},[53,124558,121],{"class":67},[53,124560,124530],{"class":117},[53,124562,130],{"class":67},[20,124564,124565],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124567,124568],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[39,124570,124572],{"id":124571},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124574,124575],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124577,124578,124579,2438,124581,171],{},"Use either ",[15,124580,5824],{},[15,124582,3333],{},[44,124584,124586],{"className":46,"code":124585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124587,124588,124597,124606,124610,124621,124632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124589,124590,124593,124595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124591,124592],{"class":59},"empty1 ",[53,124594,64],{"class":63},[53,124596,7431],{"class":71},[53,124598,124599,124602,124604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124600,124601],{"class":59},"empty2 ",[53,124603,64],{"class":63},[53,124605,47037],{"class":71},[53,124607,124608],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124609,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124611,124612,124614,124616,124619],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124613,137],{"class":136},[53,124615,121],{"class":67},[53,124617,124618],{"class":117},"empty1",[53,124620,130],{"class":67},[53,124622,124623,124625,124627,124630],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,124624,137],{"class":136},[53,124626,121],{"class":67},[53,124628,124629],{"class":117},"empty2",[53,124631,130],{"class":67},[53,124633,124634,124636,124638,124640,124642,124644],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,124635,137],{"class":136},[53,124637,121],{"class":67},[53,124639,1321],{"class":1320},[53,124641,121],{"class":67},[53,124643,124618],{"class":117},[53,124645,628],{"class":67},[20,124647,388],{},[44,124649,124650],{"className":46,"code":45314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,124651,124652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124653,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124655,2851],{"class":63},[53,124657,2854],{"class":1627},[53,124659,2857],{"class":71},[53,124661,3005],{"class":75},[53,124663,2862],{"class":71},[53,124665,2865],{"class":63},[20,124667,124668],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[39,124670,124672],{"id":124671},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124674,124675],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124677,124678],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[44,124680,124682],{"className":46,"code":124681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124683,124684,124695,124700,124707,124711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124685,124686,124688,124690,124693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124687,89390],{"class":59},[53,124689,64],{"class":63},[53,124691,124692],{"class":71}," \"\"\"",[53,124694,88332],{"class":75},[53,124696,124697],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124698,124699],{"class":75},"Welcome to Python\n",[53,124701,124702,124705],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124703,124704],{"class":75},"Have a nice day",[53,124706,42879],{"class":71},[53,124708,124709],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124710,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124712,124713,124715,124717,124719],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,124714,137],{"class":136},[53,124716,121],{"class":67},[53,124718,89407],{"class":117},[53,124720,130],{"class":67},[20,124722,124723],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[44,124725,124727],{"className":46,"code":124726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124728,124729,124741,124746,124754,124758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124730,124731,124733,124735,124738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124732,89390],{"class":59},[53,124734,64],{"class":63},[53,124736,124737],{"class":71}," '''",[53,124739,124740],{"class":75},"Line 1\n",[53,124742,124743],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124744,124745],{"class":75},"Line 2\n",[53,124747,124748,124751],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124749,124750],{"class":75},"Line 3",[53,124752,124753],{"class":71},"'''\n",[53,124755,124756],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124757,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124759,124760,124762,124764,124766],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,124761,137],{"class":136},[53,124763,121],{"class":67},[53,124765,89407],{"class":117},[53,124767,130],{"class":67},[20,124769,124770],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124772,124773],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[39,124775,124777],{"id":124776},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124779,1541,124780,124782],{},[15,124781,47225],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124784,124785],{},"Example with a number:",[44,124787,124789],{"className":46,"code":124788,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124790,124791,124805,124815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124792,124793,124795,124797,124799,124801,124803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124794,34233],{"class":59},[53,124796,64],{"class":63},[53,124798,48446],{"class":1320},[53,124800,121],{"class":67},[53,124802,46070],{"class":333},[53,124804,130],{"class":67},[53,124806,124807,124809,124811,124813],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124808,137],{"class":136},[53,124810,121],{"class":67},[53,124812,34254],{"class":117},[53,124814,130],{"class":67},[53,124816,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124818,137],{"class":136},[53,124820,121],{"class":67},[53,124822,1321],{"class":1320},[53,124824,121],{"class":67},[53,124826,34254],{"class":117},[53,124828,628],{"class":67},[20,124830,388],{},[44,124832,124834],{"className":46,"code":124833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124835,124836,124840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124837,124838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124839,46156],{"class":333},[53,124841,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124843,2851],{"class":63},[53,124845,2854],{"class":1627},[53,124847,2857],{"class":71},[53,124849,3005],{"class":75},[53,124851,2862],{"class":71},[53,124853,2865],{"class":63},[20,124855,124856],{},"You can also convert other values:",[44,124858,124860],{"className":46,"code":124859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124861,124862,124876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124863,124864,124866,124868,124870,124872,124874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124865,137],{"class":136},[53,124867,121],{"class":67},[53,124869,3005],{"class":1320},[53,124871,121],{"class":67},[53,124873,3167],{"class":3413},[53,124875,628],{"class":67},[53,124877,124878,124880,124882,124884,124886,124888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124879,137],{"class":136},[53,124881,121],{"class":67},[53,124883,3005],{"class":1320},[53,124885,121],{"class":67},[53,124887,39685],{"class":333},[53,124889,628],{"class":67},[20,124891,124892],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[44,124894,124896],{"className":46,"code":124895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124897,124898,124906,124928,124932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124899,124900,124902,124904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124901,21173],{"class":59},[53,124903,64],{"class":63},[53,124905,44769],{"class":333},[53,124907,124908,124910,124912,124914,124916,124918,124920,124922,124924,124926],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124909,89390],{"class":59},[53,124911,64],{"class":63},[53,124913,84],{"class":71},[53,124915,88808],{"class":75},[53,124917,72],{"class":71},[53,124919,2013],{"class":63},[53,124921,48446],{"class":1320},[53,124923,121],{"class":67},[53,124925,8850],{"class":117},[53,124927,130],{"class":67},[53,124929,124930],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,124931,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,124933,124934,124936,124938,124940],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,124935,137],{"class":136},[53,124937,121],{"class":67},[53,124939,89407],{"class":117},[53,124941,130],{"class":67},[20,124943,124944,124945,2438,124949,37],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[195,124946,3138,124947,3071],{"href":41717},[15,124948,47225],{},[195,124950,124951],{"href":122663},"how to convert int to string in Python",[39,124953,124955],{"id":124954},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124957,124958],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124960,124961],{},"Both of these are valid:",[44,124963,124965],{"className":46,"code":124964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124966,124967,124979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124968,124969,124971,124973,124975,124977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124970,2112],{"class":59},[53,124972,64],{"class":63},[53,124974,2857],{"class":71},[53,124976,6848],{"class":75},[53,124978,29244],{"class":71},[53,124980,124981,124983,124985,124987,124989],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124982,2140],{"class":59},[53,124984,64],{"class":63},[53,124986,84],{"class":71},[53,124988,6848],{"class":75},[53,124990,1032],{"class":71},[20,124992,124993],{},"A common rule is:",[173,124995,124996,124999,125002],{},[176,124997,124998],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[176,125000,125001],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[176,125003,125004],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125006,316],{},[44,125008,125010],{"className":46,"code":125009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125011,125012,125026,125040,125044,125055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125013,125014,125017,125019,125021,125024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125015,125016],{"class":59},"text1 ",[53,125018,64],{"class":63},[53,125020,84],{"class":71},[53,125022,125023],{"class":75},"It's working",[53,125025,1032],{"class":71},[53,125027,125028,125031,125033,125035,125038],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125029,125030],{"class":59},"text2 ",[53,125032,64],{"class":63},[53,125034,2857],{"class":71},[53,125036,125037],{"class":75},"She said \"hello\"",[53,125039,29244],{"class":71},[53,125041,125042],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125043,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125045,125046,125048,125050,125053],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125047,137],{"class":136},[53,125049,121],{"class":67},[53,125051,125052],{"class":117},"text1",[53,125054,130],{"class":67},[53,125056,125057,125059,125061,125064],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,125058,137],{"class":136},[53,125060,121],{"class":67},[53,125062,125063],{"class":117},"text2",[53,125065,130],{"class":67},[20,125067,125068],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[39,125070,125072],{"id":125071},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125074,125075],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125077,125078],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[44,125080,125082],{"className":46,"code":125081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125083,125084,125089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125085,125086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125087,125088],{"class":148},"# This will cause an error\n",[53,125090,125091],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125092,125093],{"class":148},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125095,125096,125097,34876,125099,125102],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125098,2862],{},[15,125100,125101],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125104,125105],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[44,125107,125109],{"className":46,"code":125108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125110,125111,125130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125112,125113,125115,125117,125119,125122,125125,125128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125114,34233],{"class":59},[53,125116,64],{"class":63},[53,125118,2857],{"class":71},[53,125120,125121],{"class":75},"It",[53,125123,125124],{"class":33998},"\\'",[53,125126,125127],{"class":75},"s working",[53,125129,29244],{"class":71},[53,125131,125132,125134,125136,125138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125133,137],{"class":136},[53,125135,121],{"class":67},[53,125137,34254],{"class":117},[53,125139,130],{"class":67},[20,125141,125142],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[44,125144,125146],{"className":46,"code":125145,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125147,125148,125160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125149,125150,125152,125154,125156,125158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125151,34233],{"class":59},[53,125153,64],{"class":63},[53,125155,84],{"class":71},[53,125157,125023],{"class":75},[53,125159,1032],{"class":71},[53,125161,125162,125164,125166,125168],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125163,137],{"class":136},[53,125165,121],{"class":67},[53,125167,34254],{"class":117},[53,125169,130],{"class":67},[20,125171,125172],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125174,125175,125176,37],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[195,125177,125179],{"href":125178},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[39,125181,2389],{"id":2388},[20,125183,125184],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1418,125186,89597],{"id":89596},[20,125188,125189],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[44,125191,125193],{"className":46,"code":125192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125194,125195,125199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125196,125197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125198,125088],{"class":148},[53,125200,125201],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125202,125203],{"class":148},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125205,125206,125207,8150,125210,125212],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125208,125209],{},"NameError",[15,125211,4558],{}," is not defined.",[20,125214,10357],{},[44,125216,125218],{"className":46,"code":125217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125219,125220,125232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125221,125222,125224,125226,125228,125230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125223,7426],{"class":59},[53,125225,64],{"class":63},[53,125227,84],{"class":71},[53,125229,4558],{"class":75},[53,125231,1032],{"class":71},[53,125233,125234,125236,125238,125240],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125235,137],{"class":136},[53,125237,121],{"class":67},[53,125239,7220],{"class":117},[53,125241,130],{"class":67},[1418,125243,125245],{"id":125244},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125247,125248],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[44,125250,125252],{"className":46,"code":125251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125253,125254,125258],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125255,125256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125257,125088],{"class":148},[53,125259,125260],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125261,125262],{"class":148},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125264,125265],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[44,125267,125269],{"className":46,"code":125268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125270,125271,125288,125301,125305,125315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279,125281,125283,125286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125274,125016],{"class":59},[53,125276,64],{"class":63},[53,125278,2857],{"class":71},[53,125280,125121],{"class":75},[53,125282,125124],{"class":33998},[53,125284,125285],{"class":75},"s good",[53,125287,29244],{"class":71},[53,125289,125290,125292,125294,125296,125299],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125291,125030],{"class":59},[53,125293,64],{"class":63},[53,125295,84],{"class":71},[53,125297,125298],{"class":75},"It's good",[53,125300,1032],{"class":71},[53,125302,125303],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125304,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125306,125307,125309,125311,125313],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125308,137],{"class":136},[53,125310,121],{"class":67},[53,125312,125052],{"class":117},[53,125314,130],{"class":67},[53,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,125318,137],{"class":136},[53,125320,121],{"class":67},[53,125322,125063],{"class":117},[53,125324,130],{"class":67},[1418,125326,125328],{"id":125327},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125330,125331],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[44,125333,125335],{"className":46,"code":125334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125336,125337,125349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125338,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125340,34233],{"class":59},[53,125342,64],{"class":63},[53,125344,124692],{"class":71},[53,125346,3406],{"class":75},[53,125348,42879],{"class":71},[53,125350,125351,125353,125355,125357],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125352,137],{"class":136},[53,125354,121],{"class":67},[53,125356,34254],{"class":117},[53,125358,130],{"class":67},[20,125360,125361],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[44,125363,125365],{"className":46,"code":125364,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125366,125367,125379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125368,125369,125371,125373,125375,125377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125370,34233],{"class":59},[53,125372,64],{"class":63},[53,125374,84],{"class":71},[53,125376,3406],{"class":75},[53,125378,1032],{"class":71},[53,125380,125381,125383,125385,125387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125382,137],{"class":136},[53,125384,121],{"class":67},[53,125386,34254],{"class":117},[53,125388,130],{"class":67},[1418,125390,4136,125392,667,125394,125396],{"id":125391},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125393,49788],{},[15,125395,49838],{}," are the same type",[20,125398,125399],{},"They are different:",[44,125401,125403],{"className":46,"code":125402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125404,125405,125414,125427,125431,125445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125406,125407,125410,125412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125408,125409],{"class":59},"value1 ",[53,125411,64],{"class":63},[53,125413,124420],{"class":333},[53,125415,125416,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125417,125418],{"class":59},"value2 ",[53,125420,64],{"class":63},[53,125422,84],{"class":71},[53,125424,49788],{"class":75},[53,125426,1032],{"class":71},[53,125428,125429],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125430,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125432,125433,125435,125437,125439,125441,125443],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125434,137],{"class":136},[53,125436,121],{"class":67},[53,125438,1321],{"class":1320},[53,125440,121],{"class":67},[53,125442,84153],{"class":117},[53,125444,628],{"class":67},[53,125446,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455,125458],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,125448,137],{"class":136},[53,125450,121],{"class":67},[53,125452,1321],{"class":1320},[53,125454,121],{"class":67},[53,125456,125457],{"class":117},"value2",[53,125459,628],{"class":67},[20,125461,388],{},[44,125463,125465],{"className":46,"code":125464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125466,125467,125481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125468,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477,125479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125470,2851],{"class":63},[53,125472,2854],{"class":1627},[53,125474,2857],{"class":71},[53,125476,1750],{"class":75},[53,125478,2862],{"class":71},[53,125480,2865],{"class":63},[53,125482,125483,125485,125487,125489,125491,125493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125484,2851],{"class":63},[53,125486,2854],{"class":1627},[53,125488,2857],{"class":71},[53,125490,3005],{"class":75},[53,125492,2862],{"class":71},[53,125494,2865],{"class":63},[1418,125496,125498],{"id":125497},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125500,125501],{},"This causes a type error:",[44,125503,125505],{"className":46,"code":125504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125506,125507,125511,125516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125508,125509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125510,125088],{"class":148},[53,125512,125513],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125514,125515],{"class":148},"# age = 10\n",[53,125517,125518],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125519,125520],{"class":148},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125522,125523,125524,171],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125525,47225],{},[44,125527,125529],{"className":46,"code":125528,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125530,125531,125539,125561,125565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125532,125533,125535,125537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125534,21173],{"class":59},[53,125536,64],{"class":63},[53,125538,2145],{"class":333},[53,125540,125541,125543,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555,125557,125559],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125542,89390],{"class":59},[53,125544,64],{"class":63},[53,125546,84],{"class":71},[53,125548,88808],{"class":75},[53,125550,72],{"class":71},[53,125552,2013],{"class":63},[53,125554,48446],{"class":1320},[53,125556,121],{"class":67},[53,125558,8850],{"class":117},[53,125560,130],{"class":67},[53,125562,125563],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125564,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125566,125567,125569,125571,125573],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125568,137],{"class":136},[53,125570,121],{"class":67},[53,125572,89407],{"class":117},[53,125574,130],{"class":67},[20,125576,125577,125578,37],{},"For this specific error, see ",[195,125579,89789],{"href":89788},[1418,125581,60242],{"id":60241},[20,125583,125584],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[44,125586,125588],{"className":46,"code":125587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125589,125590,125602,125606,125616,125630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125593,34233],{"class":59},[53,125595,64],{"class":63},[53,125597,84],{"class":71},[53,125599,3406],{"class":75},[53,125601,1032],{"class":71},[53,125603,125604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125605,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125607,125608,125610,125612,125614],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125609,137],{"class":136},[53,125611,121],{"class":67},[53,125613,34254],{"class":117},[53,125615,130],{"class":67},[53,125617,125618,125620,125622,125624,125626,125628],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125619,137],{"class":136},[53,125621,121],{"class":67},[53,125623,1321],{"class":1320},[53,125625,121],{"class":67},[53,125627,34254],{"class":117},[53,125629,628],{"class":67},[53,125631,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,125633,137],{"class":136},[53,125635,121],{"class":67},[53,125637,41321],{"class":136},[53,125639,121],{"class":67},[53,125641,34254],{"class":117},[53,125643,628],{"class":67},[173,125645,125646,125651,125656],{},[176,125647,125648,45822],{},[15,125649,125650],{},"print(text)",[176,125652,125653,45827],{},[15,125654,125655],{},"print(type(text))",[176,125657,125658,125661],{},[15,125659,125660],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[39,125663,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,125665,125667],{"id":125666},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125669,125670,125671,2438,125674,37],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125672,125673],{},"'hello'",[15,125675,64067],{},[1418,125677,125679],{"id":125678},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125681,125682],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1418,125684,125686],{"id":125685},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125688,152,125689,2438,125691,37],{},[15,125690,5824],{},[15,125692,3333],{},[1418,125694,125696],{"id":125695},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125698,152,125699,125701,125702,125704,125705,37],{},[15,125700,47225],{},", like ",[15,125703,79763],{},", which returns ",[15,125706,41668],{},[1418,125708,125710],{"id":125709},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125712,125713],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[39,125715,1471],{"id":1470},[173,125717,125718,125722,125728,125733,125742,125746],{},[176,125719,125720],{},[195,125721,124493],{"href":50518},[176,125723,125724],{},[195,125725,3138,125726,3071],{"href":41717},[15,125727,47225],{},[176,125729,125730],{},[195,125731,125732],{"href":122663},"How to convert int to string in Python",[176,125734,125735],{},[195,125736,125738,125739,660],{"href":125737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125740,125741],{},"format()",[176,125743,125744],{},[195,125745,125179],{"href":125178},[176,125747,125748],{},[195,125749,89789],{"href":89788},[1494,125751,125752],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":125754},[125755,125756,125757,125758,125759,125760,125761,125762,125763,125772,125779],{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":124332,"depth":104,"text":124333},{"id":124496,"depth":104,"text":124497},{"id":124571,"depth":104,"text":124572},{"id":124671,"depth":104,"text":124672},{"id":124776,"depth":104,"text":124777},{"id":124954,"depth":104,"text":124955},{"id":125071,"depth":104,"text":125072},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":125764},[125765,125766,125767,125768,125770,125771],{"id":89596,"depth":133,"text":89597},{"id":125244,"depth":133,"text":125245},{"id":125327,"depth":133,"text":125328},{"id":125391,"depth":133,"text":125769},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125497,"depth":133,"text":125498},{"id":60241,"depth":133,"text":60242},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":125773},[125774,125775,125776,125777,125778],{"id":125666,"depth":133,"text":125667},{"id":125678,"depth":133,"text":125679},{"id":125685,"depth":133,"text":125686},{"id":125695,"depth":133,"text":125696},{"id":125709,"depth":133,"text":125710},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124194,"description":125780},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125787,"title":125788,"body":125789,"description":127703,"extension":1524,"meta":127704,"navigation":372,"path":127705,"seo":127706,"stem":127707,"__hash__":127708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125790,"toc":127664},[125791,125797,125802,125810,125812,125879,125881,125893,125902,125907,125911,125928,125930,125995,125997,126009,126014,126016,126044,126065,126068,126107,126109,126117,126121,126125,126129,126137,126140,126181,126183,126191,126194,126251,126253,126261,126265,126270,126314,126316,126324,126333,126337,126342,126390,126392,126400,126406,126408,126412,126424,126429,126508,126510,126530,126534,126538,126578,126580,126588,126592,126635,126637,126645,126649,126689,126691,126699,126703,126759,126761,126769,126775,126777,126781,126791,126858,126860,126873,126880,126923,126925,126933,126937,126940,126996,126998,127006,127009,127011,127088,127090,127098,127107,127109,127113,127117,127119,127141,127144,127191,127195,127234,127236,127244,127246,127288,127295,127300,127362,127364,127376,127382,127387,127436,127438,127457,127463,127465,127484,127486,127577,127579,127585,127592,127598,127604,127609,127618,127625,127633,127635,127661],[10,125792,122738,125794,18],{"id":125793},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125795,125796],{},"endswith()",[20,125798,122743,125799,125801],{},[15,125800,125796],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125803,125804,125805,2438,125807,125809],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125806,3167],{},[15,125808,3234],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[39,125811,1566],{"id":1565},[44,125813,125815],{"className":46,"code":125814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125816,125817,125831,125856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125818,125819,125822,125824,125826,125829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125820,125821],{"class":59},"filename ",[53,125823,64],{"class":63},[53,125825,84],{"class":71},[53,125827,125828],{"class":75},"report.csv",[53,125830,1032],{"class":71},[53,125832,125833,125835,125837,125840,125842,125845,125847,125849,125852,125854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125834,137],{"class":136},[53,125836,121],{"class":67},[53,125838,125839],{"class":117},"filename",[53,125841,37],{"class":67},[53,125843,125844],{"class":117},"endswith",[53,125846,121],{"class":67},[53,125848,72],{"class":71},[53,125850,125851],{"class":75},".csv",[53,125853,72],{"class":71},[53,125855,628],{"class":67},[53,125857,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872,125875,125877],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125859,137],{"class":136},[53,125861,121],{"class":67},[53,125863,125839],{"class":117},[53,125865,37],{"class":67},[53,125867,125844],{"class":117},[53,125869,121],{"class":67},[53,125871,72],{"class":71},[53,125873,125874],{"class":75},".txt",[53,125876,72],{"class":71},[53,125878,628],{"class":67},[20,125880,388],{},[44,125882,125883],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,125884,125885,125889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125886,125887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125888,3540],{"class":3413},[53,125890,125891],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125892,3601],{"class":3413},[20,125894,152,125895,4921,125897,2438,125899,125901],{},[15,125896,125796],{},[15,125898,3167],{},[15,125900,3234],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[39,125903,163,125905,166],{"id":125904},"what-endswith-does",[15,125906,125796],{},[20,125908,125909,171],{},[15,125910,125796],{},[173,125912,125913,125916,125922,125925],{},[176,125914,125915],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[176,125917,10973,125918,2438,125920],{},[15,125919,3167],{},[15,125921,3234],{},[176,125923,125924],{},"Does not change the original string",[176,125926,125927],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125929,316],{},[44,125931,125933],{"className":46,"code":125932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125934,125935,125947,125951,125973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125936,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125938,34233],{"class":59},[53,125940,64],{"class":63},[53,125942,84],{"class":71},[53,125944,59938],{"class":75},[53,125946,1032],{"class":71},[53,125948,125949],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125950,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,125952,125953,125955,125957,125959,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,125954,137],{"class":136},[53,125956,121],{"class":67},[53,125958,34254],{"class":117},[53,125960,37],{"class":67},[53,125962,125844],{"class":117},[53,125964,121],{"class":67},[53,125966,72],{"class":71},[53,125968,60123],{"class":75},[53,125970,72],{"class":71},[53,125972,628],{"class":67},[53,125974,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,125976,137],{"class":136},[53,125978,121],{"class":67},[53,125980,34254],{"class":117},[53,125982,37],{"class":67},[53,125984,125844],{"class":117},[53,125986,121],{"class":67},[53,125988,72],{"class":71},[53,125990,3406],{"class":75},[53,125992,72],{"class":71},[53,125994,628],{"class":67},[20,125996,388],{},[44,125998,125999],{"className":46,"code":43717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126000,126001,126005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126002,126003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126004,3540],{"class":3413},[53,126006,126007],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126008,3601],{"class":3413},[20,126010,126011,126012,37],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[195,126013,124493],{"href":50518},[39,126015,202],{"id":201},[44,126017,126019],{"className":46,"code":126018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126020,126021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126022,126023,126025,126027,126029,126031,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126024,60706],{"class":59},[53,126026,37],{"class":67},[53,126028,125844],{"class":117},[53,126030,121],{"class":67},[53,126032,126033],{"class":117},"suffix",[53,126035,81],{"class":67},[53,126037,251],{"class":117},[53,126039,81],{"class":67},[53,126041,256],{"class":117},[53,126043,130],{"class":67},[173,126045,126046,126051,126058],{},[176,126047,126048,126050],{},[15,126049,126033],{}," is required",[176,126052,126053,667,126055,126057],{},[15,126054,273],{},[15,126056,279],{}," are optional",[176,126059,126060,667,126062,126064],{},[15,126061,273],{},[15,126063,279],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126066,126067],{},"Basic example:",[44,126069,126071],{"className":46,"code":126070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126072,126073,126085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126074,126075,126077,126079,126081,126083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126076,125821],{"class":59},[53,126078,64],{"class":63},[53,126080,84],{"class":71},[53,126082,86278],{"class":75},[53,126084,1032],{"class":71},[53,126086,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126088,137],{"class":136},[53,126090,121],{"class":67},[53,126092,125839],{"class":117},[53,126094,37],{"class":67},[53,126096,125844],{"class":117},[53,126098,121],{"class":67},[53,126100,72],{"class":71},[53,126102,125874],{"class":75},[53,126104,72],{"class":71},[53,126106,628],{"class":67},[20,126108,388],{},[44,126110,126111],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126112,126113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126114,126115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126116,3540],{"class":3413},[39,126118,126120],{"id":126119},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1418,126122,126123],{"id":126033},[15,126124,126033],{},[20,126126,126127,30294],{},[15,126128,126033],{},[173,126130,126131,126134],{},[176,126132,126133],{},"A single string",[176,126135,126136],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126138,126139],{},"Single suffix:",[44,126141,126143],{"className":46,"code":126142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126144,126145,126158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126156],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126148,7426],{"class":59},[53,126150,64],{"class":63},[53,126152,84],{"class":71},[53,126154,126155],{"class":75},"image.png",[53,126157,1032],{"class":71},[53,126159,126160,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126177,126179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126161,137],{"class":136},[53,126163,121],{"class":67},[53,126165,7220],{"class":117},[53,126167,37],{"class":67},[53,126169,125844],{"class":117},[53,126171,121],{"class":67},[53,126173,72],{"class":71},[53,126175,126176],{"class":75},".png",[53,126178,72],{"class":71},[53,126180,628],{"class":67},[20,126182,388],{},[44,126184,126185],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126186,126187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126188,126189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126190,3540],{"class":3413},[20,126192,126193],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[44,126195,126197],{"className":46,"code":126196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126198,126199,126211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126202,7426],{"class":59},[53,126204,64],{"class":63},[53,126206,84],{"class":71},[53,126208,126155],{"class":75},[53,126210,1032],{"class":71},[53,126212,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223,126225,126227,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126247,126249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126214,137],{"class":136},[53,126216,121],{"class":67},[53,126218,7220],{"class":117},[53,126220,37],{"class":67},[53,126222,125844],{"class":117},[53,126224,5062],{"class":67},[53,126226,72],{"class":71},[53,126228,126229],{"class":75},".jpg",[53,126231,72],{"class":71},[53,126233,81],{"class":67},[53,126235,84],{"class":71},[53,126237,126176],{"class":75},[53,126239,72],{"class":71},[53,126241,81],{"class":67},[53,126243,84],{"class":71},[53,126245,126246],{"class":75},".gif",[53,126248,72],{"class":71},[53,126250,2472],{"class":67},[20,126252,388],{},[44,126254,126255],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126256,126257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126258,126259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126260,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,126262,126263],{"id":273},[15,126264,273],{},[20,126266,126267,126269],{},[15,126268,273],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[44,126271,126273],{"className":46,"code":126272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126274,126275,126288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126276,126277,126279,126281,126283,126286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126278,34233],{"class":59},[53,126280,64],{"class":63},[53,126282,84],{"class":71},[53,126284,126285],{"class":75},"my_report.csv",[53,126287,1032],{"class":71},[53,126289,126290,126292,126294,126296,126298,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308,126310,126312],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126291,137],{"class":136},[53,126293,121],{"class":67},[53,126295,34254],{"class":117},[53,126297,37],{"class":67},[53,126299,125844],{"class":117},[53,126301,121],{"class":67},[53,126303,72],{"class":71},[53,126305,125851],{"class":75},[53,126307,72],{"class":71},[53,126309,81],{"class":67},[53,126311,1269],{"class":333},[53,126313,628],{"class":67},[20,126315,388],{},[44,126317,126318],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126319,126320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126321,126322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126323,3540],{"class":3413},[20,126325,126326,126327,126329,126330,37],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126328,882],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126331,126332],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1418,126334,126335],{"id":279},[15,126336,279],{},[20,126338,126339,126341],{},[15,126340,279],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[44,126343,126345],{"className":46,"code":126344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126346,126347,126360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126350,34233],{"class":59},[53,126352,64],{"class":63},[53,126354,84],{"class":71},[53,126356,126357],{"class":75},"report.csv backup",[53,126359,1032],{"class":71},[53,126361,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376,126378,126380,126382,126384,126386,126388],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126363,137],{"class":136},[53,126365,121],{"class":67},[53,126367,34254],{"class":117},[53,126369,37],{"class":67},[53,126371,125844],{"class":117},[53,126373,121],{"class":67},[53,126375,72],{"class":71},[53,126377,125851],{"class":75},[53,126379,72],{"class":71},[53,126381,81],{"class":67},[53,126383,3394],{"class":333},[53,126385,81],{"class":67},[53,126387,5556],{"class":333},[53,126389,628],{"class":67},[20,126391,388],{},[44,126393,126394],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126395,126396],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126397,126398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126399,3540],{"class":3413},[20,126401,126402,126403,126405],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126404,126332],{}," and ignores the rest.",[39,126407,16967],{"id":16966},[20,126409,126410,25054],{},[15,126411,125796],{},[173,126413,126414,126419],{},[176,126415,126416,126418],{},[15,126417,3167],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[176,126420,126421,126423],{},[15,126422,3234],{}," if it does not",[20,126425,126426,126427,6723],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126428,1042],{},[44,126430,126432],{"className":46,"code":126431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126433,126434,126447,126451,126472,126487,126493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126435,126436,126438,126440,126442,126445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126437,125821],{"class":59},[53,126439,64],{"class":63},[53,126441,84],{"class":71},[53,126443,126444],{"class":75},"data.csv",[53,126446,1032],{"class":71},[53,126448,126449],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126450,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,126452,126453,126455,126458,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468,126470],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,126454,1042],{"class":1041},[53,126456,126457],{"class":59}," filename",[53,126459,37],{"class":67},[53,126461,125844],{"class":117},[53,126463,121],{"class":67},[53,126465,72],{"class":71},[53,126467,125851],{"class":75},[53,126469,72],{"class":71},[53,126471,7891],{"class":67},[53,126473,126474,126476,126478,126480,126483,126485],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,126475,1058],{"class":136},[53,126477,121],{"class":67},[53,126479,72],{"class":71},[53,126481,126482],{"class":75},"This is a CSV file.",[53,126484,72],{"class":71},[53,126486,130],{"class":67},[53,126488,126489,126491],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,126490,1079],{"class":1041},[53,126492,1053],{"class":67},[53,126494,126495,126497,126499,126501,126504,126506],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,126496,1058],{"class":136},[53,126498,121],{"class":67},[53,126500,72],{"class":71},[53,126502,126503],{"class":75},"This is not a CSV file.",[53,126505,72],{"class":71},[53,126507,130],{"class":67},[20,126509,388],{},[44,126511,126513],{"className":46,"code":126512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126514,126515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126516,126517,126519,126521,126523,126526,126528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126518,49421],{"class":59},[53,126520,11745],{"class":63},[53,126522,44088],{"class":59},[53,126524,126525],{"class":33998},"CSV",[53,126527,86019],{"class":86018},[53,126529,121770],{"class":67},[39,126531,126533],{"id":126532},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1418,126535,126537],{"id":126536},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[44,126539,126541],{"className":46,"code":126540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126542,126543,126556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126544,126545,126547,126549,126551,126554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126546,125821],{"class":59},[53,126548,64],{"class":63},[53,126550,84],{"class":71},[53,126552,126553],{"class":75},"sales.csv",[53,126555,1032],{"class":71},[53,126557,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126559,137],{"class":136},[53,126561,121],{"class":67},[53,126563,125839],{"class":117},[53,126565,37],{"class":67},[53,126567,125844],{"class":117},[53,126569,121],{"class":67},[53,126571,72],{"class":71},[53,126573,125851],{"class":75},[53,126575,72],{"class":71},[53,126577,628],{"class":67},[20,126579,388],{},[44,126581,126582],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126583,126584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126585,126586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126587,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,126589,126591],{"id":126590},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[44,126593,126595],{"className":46,"code":126594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126596,126597,126611],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126598,126599,126602,126604,126606,126609],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126600,126601],{"class":59},"url ",[53,126603,64],{"class":63},[53,126605,84],{"class":71},[53,126607,126608],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[53,126610,1032],{"class":71},[53,126612,126613,126615,126617,126620,126622,126624,126626,126628,126631,126633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126614,137],{"class":136},[53,126616,121],{"class":67},[53,126618,126619],{"class":117},"url",[53,126621,37],{"class":67},[53,126623,125844],{"class":117},[53,126625,121],{"class":67},[53,126627,72],{"class":71},[53,126629,126630],{"class":75},"\u002F",[53,126632,72],{"class":71},[53,126634,628],{"class":67},[20,126636,388],{},[44,126638,126639],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126640,126641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126642,126643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126644,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,126646,126648],{"id":126647},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[44,126650,126652],{"className":46,"code":126651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126653,126654,126667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126655,126656,126658,126660,126662,126665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126657,89390],{"class":59},[53,126659,64],{"class":63},[53,126661,84],{"class":71},[53,126663,126664],{"class":75},"Hello!",[53,126666,1032],{"class":71},[53,126668,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126670,137],{"class":136},[53,126672,121],{"class":67},[53,126674,89407],{"class":117},[53,126676,37],{"class":67},[53,126678,125844],{"class":117},[53,126680,121],{"class":67},[53,126682,72],{"class":71},[53,126684,89231],{"class":75},[53,126686,72],{"class":71},[53,126688,628],{"class":67},[20,126690,388],{},[44,126692,126693],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126694,126695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126696,126697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126698,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,126700,126702],{"id":126701},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[44,126704,126706],{"className":46,"code":126705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126707,126708,126721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126709,126710,126712,126714,126716,126719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126711,125821],{"class":59},[53,126713,64],{"class":63},[53,126715,84],{"class":71},[53,126717,126718],{"class":75},"photo.jpg",[53,126720,1032],{"class":71},[53,126722,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126724,137],{"class":136},[53,126726,121],{"class":67},[53,126728,125839],{"class":117},[53,126730,37],{"class":67},[53,126732,125844],{"class":117},[53,126734,5062],{"class":67},[53,126736,72],{"class":71},[53,126738,126229],{"class":75},[53,126740,72],{"class":71},[53,126742,81],{"class":67},[53,126744,84],{"class":71},[53,126746,126176],{"class":75},[53,126748,72],{"class":71},[53,126750,81],{"class":67},[53,126752,84],{"class":71},[53,126754,126246],{"class":75},[53,126756,72],{"class":71},[53,126758,2472],{"class":67},[20,126760,388],{},[44,126762,126763],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126764,126765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126766,126767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126768,3540],{"class":3413},[20,126770,126771,126772,37],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[195,126773,126774],{"href":122993},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[39,126776,123385],{"id":123384},[20,126778,126779,123196],{},[15,126780,125796],{},[20,126782,126783,126784,667,126787,126790],{},"That means ",[15,126785,126786],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126788,126789],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[44,126792,126794],{"className":46,"code":126793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126795,126796,126809,126813,126835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126797,126798,126800,126802,126804,126807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126799,125821],{"class":59},[53,126801,64],{"class":63},[53,126803,84],{"class":71},[53,126805,126806],{"class":75},"REPORT.CSV",[53,126808,1032],{"class":71},[53,126810,126811],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126812,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,126814,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,126816,137],{"class":136},[53,126818,121],{"class":67},[53,126820,125839],{"class":117},[53,126822,37],{"class":67},[53,126824,125844],{"class":117},[53,126826,121],{"class":67},[53,126828,72],{"class":71},[53,126830,125851],{"class":75},[53,126832,72],{"class":71},[53,126834,628],{"class":67},[53,126836,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126854,126856],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,126838,137],{"class":136},[53,126840,121],{"class":67},[53,126842,125839],{"class":117},[53,126844,37],{"class":67},[53,126846,125844],{"class":117},[53,126848,121],{"class":67},[53,126850,72],{"class":71},[53,126852,126853],{"class":75},".CSV",[53,126855,72],{"class":71},[53,126857,628],{"class":67},[20,126859,388],{},[44,126861,126863],{"className":46,"code":126862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126864,126865,126869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126866,126867],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126868,3601],{"class":3413},[53,126870,126871],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126872,3540],{"class":3413},[20,126874,126875,126876,37],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[195,126877,126878],{"href":123465},[15,126879,123468],{},[44,126881,126883],{"className":46,"code":126882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126884,126885,126897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126886,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126888,125821],{"class":59},[53,126890,64],{"class":63},[53,126892,84],{"class":71},[53,126894,126806],{"class":75},[53,126896,1032],{"class":71},[53,126898,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126900,137],{"class":136},[53,126902,121],{"class":67},[53,126904,125839],{"class":117},[53,126906,37],{"class":67},[53,126908,8189],{"class":117},[53,126910,8186],{"class":67},[53,126912,125844],{"class":117},[53,126914,121],{"class":67},[53,126916,72],{"class":71},[53,126918,125851],{"class":75},[53,126920,72],{"class":71},[53,126922,628],{"class":67},[20,126924,388],{},[44,126926,126927],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126928,126929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126930,126931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126932,3540],{"class":3413},[39,126934,126936],{"id":126935},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126938,126939],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[44,126941,126943],{"className":46,"code":126942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126944,126945,126958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126946,126947,126949,126951,126953,126956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126948,125821],{"class":59},[53,126950,64],{"class":63},[53,126952,84],{"class":71},[53,126954,126955],{"class":75},"picture.gif",[53,126957,1032],{"class":71},[53,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126961,137],{"class":136},[53,126963,121],{"class":67},[53,126965,125839],{"class":117},[53,126967,37],{"class":67},[53,126969,125844],{"class":117},[53,126971,5062],{"class":67},[53,126973,72],{"class":71},[53,126975,126229],{"class":75},[53,126977,72],{"class":71},[53,126979,81],{"class":67},[53,126981,84],{"class":71},[53,126983,126176],{"class":75},[53,126985,72],{"class":71},[53,126987,81],{"class":67},[53,126989,84],{"class":71},[53,126991,126246],{"class":75},[53,126993,72],{"class":71},[53,126995,2472],{"class":67},[20,126997,388],{},[44,126999,127000],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127001,127002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127003,127004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127005,3540],{"class":3413},[20,127007,127008],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127010,51622],{},[44,127012,127014],{"className":46,"code":127013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127015,127016,127029,127064,127068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127017,127018,127021,127023,127025,127027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127019,127020],{"class":59},"document ",[53,127022,64],{"class":63},[53,127024,84],{"class":71},[53,127026,86278],{"class":75},[53,127028,1032],{"class":71},[53,127030,127031,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127051,127053,127055,127057,127060,127062],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127032,127033],{"class":59},"allowed ",[53,127035,64],{"class":63},[53,127037,8787],{"class":67},[53,127039,72],{"class":71},[53,127041,125874],{"class":75},[53,127043,72],{"class":71},[53,127045,81],{"class":67},[53,127047,84],{"class":71},[53,127049,127050],{"class":75},".md",[53,127052,72],{"class":71},[53,127054,81],{"class":67},[53,127056,84],{"class":71},[53,127058,127059],{"class":75},".docx",[53,127061,72],{"class":71},[53,127063,130],{"class":67},[53,127065,127066],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127067,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,127069,127070,127072,127074,127077,127079,127081,127083,127086],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,127071,137],{"class":136},[53,127073,121],{"class":67},[53,127075,127076],{"class":117},"document",[53,127078,37],{"class":67},[53,127080,125844],{"class":117},[53,127082,121],{"class":67},[53,127084,127085],{"class":117},"allowed",[53,127087,628],{"class":67},[20,127089,388],{},[44,127091,127092],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127093,127094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127095,127096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127097,3540],{"class":3413},[20,127099,127100,127101,37],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[195,127102,125738,127104,660],{"href":127103},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127105,127106],{},"startswith()",[39,127108,2389],{"id":2388},[20,127110,7995,127111,37],{},[15,127112,125796],{},[1418,127114,127116],{"id":127115},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127118,4082],{},[44,127120,127122],{"className":46,"code":127121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127123,127124,127136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127125,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127127,125821],{"class":59},[53,127129,64],{"class":63},[53,127131,84],{"class":71},[53,127133,126718],{"class":75},[53,127135,1032],{"class":71},[53,127137,127138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127139,127140],{"class":148},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127142,127143],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[44,127145,127147],{"className":46,"code":127146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127148,127149,127161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127150,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127152,125821],{"class":59},[53,127154,64],{"class":63},[53,127156,84],{"class":71},[53,127158,126718],{"class":75},[53,127160,1032],{"class":71},[53,127162,127163,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127164,137],{"class":136},[53,127166,121],{"class":67},[53,127168,125839],{"class":117},[53,127170,37],{"class":67},[53,127172,125844],{"class":117},[53,127174,5062],{"class":67},[53,127176,72],{"class":71},[53,127178,126229],{"class":75},[53,127180,72],{"class":71},[53,127182,81],{"class":67},[53,127184,84],{"class":71},[53,127186,126176],{"class":75},[53,127188,72],{"class":71},[53,127190,2472],{"class":67},[1418,127192,127194],{"id":127193},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[44,127196,127198],{"className":46,"code":127197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127199,127200,127212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127201,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127203,125821],{"class":59},[53,127205,64],{"class":63},[53,127207,84],{"class":71},[53,127209,126806],{"class":75},[53,127211,1032],{"class":71},[53,127213,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127232],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127215,137],{"class":136},[53,127217,121],{"class":67},[53,127219,125839],{"class":117},[53,127221,37],{"class":67},[53,127223,125844],{"class":117},[53,127225,121],{"class":67},[53,127227,72],{"class":71},[53,127229,125851],{"class":75},[53,127231,72],{"class":71},[53,127233,628],{"class":67},[20,127235,388],{},[44,127237,127238],{"className":46,"code":3601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127239,127240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127241,127242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127243,3601],{"class":3413},[20,127245,38804],{},[44,127247,127248],{"className":46,"code":126882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127249,127250,127262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127251,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127253,125821],{"class":59},[53,127255,64],{"class":63},[53,127257,84],{"class":71},[53,127259,126806],{"class":75},[53,127261,1032],{"class":71},[53,127263,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127265,137],{"class":136},[53,127267,121],{"class":67},[53,127269,125839],{"class":117},[53,127271,37],{"class":67},[53,127273,8189],{"class":117},[53,127275,8186],{"class":67},[53,127277,125844],{"class":117},[53,127279,121],{"class":67},[53,127281,72],{"class":71},[53,127283,125851],{"class":75},[53,127285,72],{"class":71},[53,127287,628],{"class":67},[1418,127289,36747,127291,8254,127293],{"id":127290},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127292,125796],{},[15,127294,1048],{},[20,127296,127297,127299],{},[15,127298,125796],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[44,127301,127303],{"className":46,"code":127302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127304,127305,127318,127322,127344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127306,127307,127309,127311,127313,127316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127308,34233],{"class":59},[53,127310,64],{"class":63},[53,127312,84],{"class":71},[53,127314,127315],{"class":75},"my_report.csv.backup",[53,127317,1032],{"class":71},[53,127319,127320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127321,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,127323,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127325,137],{"class":136},[53,127327,121],{"class":67},[53,127329,34254],{"class":117},[53,127331,37],{"class":67},[53,127333,125844],{"class":117},[53,127335,121],{"class":67},[53,127337,72],{"class":71},[53,127339,125851],{"class":75},[53,127341,72],{"class":71},[53,127343,628],{"class":67},[53,127345,127346,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,127347,137],{"class":136},[53,127349,121],{"class":67},[53,127351,72],{"class":71},[53,127353,125851],{"class":75},[53,127355,72],{"class":71},[53,127357,1286],{"class":1041},[53,127359,42384],{"class":117},[53,127361,130],{"class":67},[20,127363,388],{},[44,127365,127366],{"className":46,"code":126862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127367,127368,127372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127369,127370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127371,3601],{"class":3413},[53,127373,127374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127375,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,127377,8001,127379,127381],{"id":127378},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127380,125796],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127383,127384,127386],{},[15,127385,125796],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[44,127388,127390],{"className":46,"code":127389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127391,127392,127404,127426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127393,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127395,125821],{"class":59},[53,127397,64],{"class":63},[53,127399,84],{"class":71},[53,127401,125828],{"class":75},[53,127403,1032],{"class":71},[53,127405,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127407,137],{"class":136},[53,127409,121],{"class":67},[53,127411,125839],{"class":117},[53,127413,37],{"class":67},[53,127415,125844],{"class":117},[53,127417,121],{"class":67},[53,127419,72],{"class":71},[53,127421,125851],{"class":75},[53,127423,72],{"class":71},[53,127425,628],{"class":67},[53,127427,127428,127430,127432,127434],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127429,137],{"class":136},[53,127431,121],{"class":67},[53,127433,125839],{"class":117},[53,127435,130],{"class":67},[20,127437,388],{},[44,127439,127441],{"className":46,"code":127440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127442,127443,127447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127444,127445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127446,3540],{"class":3413},[53,127448,127449,127452,127454],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127450,127451],{"class":59},"report",[53,127453,37],{"class":67},[53,127455,127456],{"class":1223},"csv\n",[20,127458,127459,127460,37],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[195,127461,127462],{"href":123906},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127464,1366],{},[173,127466,127467,127470,127473,127476],{},[176,127468,127469],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[176,127471,127472],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[176,127474,127475],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[176,127477,664,127478,44173,127480,2438,127482,110935],{},[15,127479,125796],{},[15,127481,123909],{},[15,127483,41195],{},[20,127485,29680],{},[44,127487,127489],{"className":46,"code":127488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127490,127491,127501,127515,127537,127563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127492,127493,127495,127497,127499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127494,137],{"class":136},[53,127496,121],{"class":67},[53,127498,34254],{"class":117},[53,127500,130],{"class":67},[53,127502,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127504,137],{"class":136},[53,127506,121],{"class":67},[53,127508,41321],{"class":136},[53,127510,121],{"class":67},[53,127512,34254],{"class":117},[53,127514,628],{"class":67},[53,127516,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127518,137],{"class":136},[53,127520,121],{"class":67},[53,127522,34254],{"class":117},[53,127524,37],{"class":67},[53,127526,125844],{"class":117},[53,127528,121],{"class":67},[53,127530,2862],{"class":71},[53,127532,125851],{"class":75},[53,127534,2862],{"class":71},[53,127536,628],{"class":67},[53,127538,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,127540,137],{"class":136},[53,127542,121],{"class":67},[53,127544,34254],{"class":117},[53,127546,37],{"class":67},[53,127548,8189],{"class":117},[53,127550,8186],{"class":67},[53,127552,125844],{"class":117},[53,127554,121],{"class":67},[53,127556,2862],{"class":71},[53,127558,125851],{"class":75},[53,127560,2862],{"class":71},[53,127562,628],{"class":67},[53,127564,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,127566,137],{"class":136},[53,127568,121],{"class":67},[53,127570,1321],{"class":1320},[53,127572,121],{"class":67},[53,127574,34254],{"class":117},[53,127576,628],{"class":67},[39,127578,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,127580,1431,127582,127584],{"id":127581},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127583,125796],{}," change the string?",[20,127586,127587,127588,2438,127590,37],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127589,3167],{},[15,127591,3234],{},[1418,127593,1446,127595,127597],{"id":127594},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127596,125796],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127599,127600,127601,37],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127602,127603],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1418,127605,14454,127607,124074],{"id":127606},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127608,125796],{},[20,127610,127611,127612,2438,127614,127617],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127613,123468],{},[15,127615,127616],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1418,127619,4731,127621,667,127623,1459],{"id":127620},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127622,125796],{},[15,127624,123733],{},[20,127626,127627,127629,127630,127632],{},[15,127628,125796],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127631,123733],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[39,127634,1471],{"id":1470},[173,127636,127637,127643,127649,127653,127657],{},[176,127638,127639],{},[195,127640,125738,127641,660],{"href":127103},[15,127642,127106],{},[176,127644,127645],{},[195,127646,125738,127647,660],{"href":123465},[15,127648,123468],{},[176,127650,127651],{},[195,127652,124137],{"href":122993},[176,127654,127655],{},[195,127656,124144],{"href":123906},[176,127658,127659],{},[195,127660,124493],{"href":50518},[1494,127662,127663],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":127665},[127666,127667,127669,127670,127675,127676,127682,127683,127684,127692,127702],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":125904,"depth":104,"text":127668},"What endswith() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":126119,"depth":104,"text":126120,"children":127671},[127672,127673,127674],{"id":126033,"depth":133,"text":126033},{"id":273,"depth":133,"text":273},{"id":279,"depth":133,"text":279},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":126532,"depth":104,"text":126533,"children":127677},[127678,127679,127680,127681],{"id":126536,"depth":133,"text":126537},{"id":126590,"depth":133,"text":126591},{"id":126647,"depth":133,"text":126648},{"id":126701,"depth":133,"text":126702},{"id":123384,"depth":104,"text":123385},{"id":126935,"depth":104,"text":126936},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":127685},[127686,127687,127688,127690],{"id":127115,"depth":133,"text":127116},{"id":127193,"depth":133,"text":127194},{"id":127290,"depth":133,"text":127689},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127378,"depth":133,"text":127691},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":127693},[127694,127696,127698,127700],{"id":127581,"depth":133,"text":127695},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127594,"depth":133,"text":127697},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127606,"depth":133,"text":127699},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127620,"depth":133,"text":127701},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125788,"description":127703},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127710,"title":127711,"body":127712,"description":129380,"extension":1524,"meta":129381,"navigation":372,"path":129382,"seo":129383,"stem":129384,"__hash__":129385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127713,"toc":129353},[127714,127719,127724,127729,127734,127827,127837,127842,127847,127862,127864,127946,127954,127956,127958,127985,127987,128003,128010,128012,128120,128122,128127,128143,128145,128240,128248,128251,128257,128262,128267,128274,128413,128416,128429,128431,128435,128442,128512,128515,128564,128571,128578,128592,128597,128602,128648,128694,128710,128712,128717,128731,128734,128856,128861,128863,128868,128901,128904,128980,128982,128991,129005,129008,129092,129095,129206,129209,129237,129239,129246,129250,129256,129259,129265,129268,129275,129286,129292,129299,129301,129350],[10,127715,122738,127717,18],{"id":127716},"python-string-find-method",[15,127718,123733],{},[20,127720,122743,127721,127723],{},[15,127722,123733],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127725,127726,127727,37],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127728,1144],{},[20,127730,152,127731,127733],{},[15,127732,123733],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[44,127735,127737],{"className":46,"code":127736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127738,127739,127751,127774,127787,127791,127814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127740,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127742,34233],{"class":59},[53,127744,64],{"class":63},[53,127746,84],{"class":71},[53,127748,59938],{"class":75},[53,127750,1032],{"class":71},[53,127752,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127754,107],{"class":59},[53,127756,64],{"class":63},[53,127758,42384],{"class":59},[53,127760,37],{"class":67},[53,127762,127763],{"class":117},"find",[53,127765,121],{"class":67},[53,127767,72],{"class":71},[53,127769,60123],{"class":75},[53,127771,72],{"class":71},[53,127773,130],{"class":67},[53,127775,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127777,137],{"class":136},[53,127779,121],{"class":67},[53,127781,142],{"class":117},[53,127783,145],{"class":67},[53,127785,127786],{"class":148},"   # 6\n",[53,127788,127789],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,127790,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,127792,127793,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,127794,127795],{"class":59},"missing ",[53,127797,64],{"class":63},[53,127799,42384],{"class":59},[53,127801,37],{"class":67},[53,127803,127763],{"class":117},[53,127805,121],{"class":67},[53,127807,72],{"class":71},[53,127809,48],{"class":75},[53,127811,72],{"class":71},[53,127813,130],{"class":67},[53,127815,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,127817,137],{"class":136},[53,127819,121],{"class":67},[53,127821,26318],{"class":117},[53,127823,145],{"class":67},[53,127825,127826],{"class":148},"    # -1\n",[43123,127828,127829],{},[20,127830,152,127831,127833,127834,127836],{},[15,127832,123733],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127835,1144],{}," if the substring is not found.",[39,127838,163,127840,166],{"id":127839},"what-find-does",[15,127841,123733],{},[20,127843,127844,127846],{},[15,127845,123733],{}," is a string method that:",[173,127848,127849,127852,127855,127860],{},[176,127850,127851],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[176,127853,127854],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[176,127856,10973,127857,127859],{},[15,127858,1144],{}," if no match is found",[176,127861,125924],{},[20,127863,316],{},[44,127865,127867],{"className":46,"code":127866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127868,127869,127881,127885,127909,127933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127870,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127872,34233],{"class":59},[53,127874,64],{"class":63},[53,127876,84],{"class":71},[53,127878,87],{"class":75},[53,127880,1032],{"class":71},[53,127882,127883],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127884,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,127886,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,127888,137],{"class":136},[53,127890,121],{"class":67},[53,127892,34254],{"class":117},[53,127894,37],{"class":67},[53,127896,127763],{"class":117},[53,127898,121],{"class":67},[53,127900,72],{"class":71},[53,127902,122831],{"class":75},[53,127904,72],{"class":71},[53,127906,762],{"class":67},[53,127908,57180],{"class":148},[53,127910,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,127912,137],{"class":136},[53,127914,121],{"class":67},[53,127916,34254],{"class":117},[53,127918,37],{"class":67},[53,127920,127763],{"class":117},[53,127922,121],{"class":67},[53,127924,72],{"class":71},[53,127926,1735],{"class":75},[53,127928,72],{"class":71},[53,127930,762],{"class":67},[53,127932,127826],{"class":148},[53,127934,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,127936,137],{"class":136},[53,127938,121],{"class":67},[53,127940,34254],{"class":117},[53,127942,145],{"class":67},[53,127944,127945],{"class":148},"              # banana\n",[20,127947,20318,127948,127951,127952,37],{},[15,127949,127950],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127953,525],{},[39,127955,202],{"id":201},[20,127957,1721],{},[44,127959,127961],{"className":46,"code":127960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127962,127963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127964,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127966,60706],{"class":59},[53,127968,37],{"class":67},[53,127970,127763],{"class":117},[53,127972,121],{"class":67},[53,127974,224],{"class":117},[53,127976,81],{"class":67},[53,127978,251],{"class":117},[53,127980,81],{"class":67},[53,127982,256],{"class":117},[53,127984,130],{"class":67},[1418,127986,16943],{"id":16942},[173,127988,127989,127993,127998],{},[176,127990,127991,122930],{},[15,127992,224],{},[176,127994,127995,127997],{},[15,127996,273],{},": optional starting position",[176,127999,128000,128002],{},[15,128001,279],{},": optional ending position",[20,128004,128005,667,128007,128009],{},[15,128006,273],{},[15,128008,279],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128011,126067],{},[44,128013,128015],{"className":46,"code":128014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128016,128017,128029,128033,128058,128087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128018,128019,128021,128023,128025,128027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128020,34233],{"class":59},[53,128022,64],{"class":63},[53,128024,84],{"class":71},[53,128026,59938],{"class":75},[53,128028,1032],{"class":71},[53,128030,128031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128032,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128034,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049,128051,128053,128055],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128036,137],{"class":136},[53,128038,121],{"class":67},[53,128040,34254],{"class":117},[53,128042,37],{"class":67},[53,128044,127763],{"class":117},[53,128046,121],{"class":67},[53,128048,72],{"class":71},[53,128050,60005],{"class":75},[53,128052,72],{"class":71},[53,128054,762],{"class":67},[53,128056,128057],{"class":148},"        # 4\n",[53,128059,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128061,137],{"class":136},[53,128063,121],{"class":67},[53,128065,34254],{"class":117},[53,128067,37],{"class":67},[53,128069,127763],{"class":117},[53,128071,121],{"class":67},[53,128073,72],{"class":71},[53,128075,60005],{"class":75},[53,128077,72],{"class":71},[53,128079,81],{"class":67},[53,128081,4162],{"class":333},[53,128083,762],{"class":67},[53,128085,128086],{"class":148},"     # 7\n",[53,128088,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113,128115,128117],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,128090,137],{"class":136},[53,128092,121],{"class":67},[53,128094,34254],{"class":117},[53,128096,37],{"class":67},[53,128098,127763],{"class":117},[53,128100,121],{"class":67},[53,128102,72],{"class":71},[53,128104,60005],{"class":75},[53,128106,72],{"class":71},[53,128108,81],{"class":67},[53,128110,4162],{"class":333},[53,128112,81],{"class":67},[53,128114,5545],{"class":333},[53,128116,762],{"class":67},[53,128118,128119],{"class":148},"  # -1\n",[39,128121,301],{"id":300},[20,128123,57079,128124,128126],{},[15,128125,123733],{}," is always an integer.",[173,128128,128129,128135,128138],{},[176,128130,128131,128132,128134],{},"A number ",[15,128133,187],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[176,128136,128137],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[176,128139,128140,128142],{},[15,128141,1144],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128144,316],{},[44,128146,128148],{"className":46,"code":128147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128149,128150,128162,128166,128191,128216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128151,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128153,34233],{"class":59},[53,128155,64],{"class":63},[53,128157,84],{"class":71},[53,128159,48],{"class":75},[53,128161,1032],{"class":71},[53,128163,128164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128165,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128167,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128185,128187,128189],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128169,137],{"class":136},[53,128171,121],{"class":67},[53,128173,34254],{"class":117},[53,128175,37],{"class":67},[53,128177,127763],{"class":117},[53,128179,121],{"class":67},[53,128181,72],{"class":71},[53,128183,128184],{"class":75},"py",[53,128186,72],{"class":71},[53,128188,762],{"class":67},[53,128190,20315],{"class":148},[53,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128210,128212,128214],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128194,137],{"class":136},[53,128196,121],{"class":67},[53,128198,34254],{"class":117},[53,128200,37],{"class":67},[53,128202,127763],{"class":117},[53,128204,121],{"class":67},[53,128206,72],{"class":71},[53,128208,128209],{"class":75},"th",[53,128211,72],{"class":71},[53,128213,762],{"class":67},[53,128215,57180],{"class":148},[53,128217,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,128219,137],{"class":136},[53,128221,121],{"class":67},[53,128223,34254],{"class":117},[53,128225,37],{"class":67},[53,128227,127763],{"class":117},[53,128229,121],{"class":67},[53,128231,72],{"class":71},[53,128233,21622],{"class":75},[53,128235,72],{"class":71},[53,128237,762],{"class":67},[53,128239,127826],{"class":148},[20,128241,89293,128242,8004,128244,2438,128246,37],{},[15,128243,123733],{},[15,128245,3167],{},[15,128247,3234],{},[20,128249,128250],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[39,128252,664,128253,667,128255],{"id":663},[15,128254,273],{},[15,128256,279],{},[20,128258,152,128259,128261],{},[15,128260,273],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128263,152,128264,128266],{},[15,128265,279],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128268,1541,128269,74845,128271,128273],{},[15,128270,279],{},[30,128272,288],{}," in the search.",[44,128275,128277],{"className":46,"code":128276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128278,128279,128292,128296,128320,128349,128381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128280,128281,128283,128285,128287,128290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128282,34233],{"class":59},[53,128284,64],{"class":63},[53,128286,84],{"class":71},[53,128288,128289],{"class":75},"one two three two",[53,128291,1032],{"class":71},[53,128293,128294],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128295,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128297,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128299,137],{"class":136},[53,128301,121],{"class":67},[53,128303,34254],{"class":117},[53,128305,37],{"class":67},[53,128307,127763],{"class":117},[53,128309,121],{"class":67},[53,128311,72],{"class":71},[53,128313,78654],{"class":75},[53,128315,72],{"class":71},[53,128317,762],{"class":67},[53,128319,128057],{"class":148},[53,128321,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128323,137],{"class":136},[53,128325,121],{"class":67},[53,128327,34254],{"class":117},[53,128329,37],{"class":67},[53,128331,127763],{"class":117},[53,128333,121],{"class":67},[53,128335,72],{"class":71},[53,128337,78654],{"class":75},[53,128339,72],{"class":71},[53,128341,81],{"class":67},[53,128343,4162],{"class":333},[53,128345,762],{"class":67},[53,128347,128348],{"class":148},"     # 14\n",[53,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,128352,137],{"class":136},[53,128354,121],{"class":67},[53,128356,34254],{"class":117},[53,128358,37],{"class":67},[53,128360,127763],{"class":117},[53,128362,121],{"class":67},[53,128364,72],{"class":71},[53,128366,78654],{"class":75},[53,128368,72],{"class":71},[53,128370,81],{"class":67},[53,128372,3394],{"class":333},[53,128374,81],{"class":67},[53,128376,5545],{"class":333},[53,128378,762],{"class":67},[53,128380,50478],{"class":148},[53,128382,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,128384,137],{"class":136},[53,128386,121],{"class":67},[53,128388,34254],{"class":117},[53,128390,37],{"class":67},[53,128392,127763],{"class":117},[53,128394,121],{"class":67},[53,128396,72],{"class":71},[53,128398,78654],{"class":75},[53,128400,72],{"class":71},[53,128402,81],{"class":67},[53,128404,3394],{"class":333},[53,128406,81],{"class":67},[53,128408,826],{"class":333},[53,128410,762],{"class":67},[53,128412,128119],{"class":148},[20,128414,128415],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128417,128418,128419,54605,128423,37],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[195,128420,128422],{"href":128421},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[195,128424,128426,128428],{"href":128425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128427,60063],{}," string method",[39,128430,123385],{"id":123384},[20,128432,128433,123196],{},[15,128434,123733],{},[20,128436,126783,128437,667,128439,128441],{},[15,128438,89801],{},[15,128440,64067],{}," are treated as different text.",[44,128443,128445],{"className":46,"code":128444,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128446,128447,128460,128464,128488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128448,128449,128451,128453,128455,128458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128450,34233],{"class":59},[53,128452,64],{"class":63},[53,128454,84],{"class":71},[53,128456,128457],{"class":75},"Hello World",[53,128459,1032],{"class":71},[53,128461,128462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128463,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128465,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128467,137],{"class":136},[53,128469,121],{"class":67},[53,128471,34254],{"class":117},[53,128473,37],{"class":67},[53,128475,127763],{"class":117},[53,128477,121],{"class":67},[53,128479,72],{"class":71},[53,128481,34413],{"class":75},[53,128483,72],{"class":71},[53,128485,762],{"class":67},[53,128487,50790],{"class":148},[53,128489,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128491,137],{"class":136},[53,128493,121],{"class":67},[53,128495,34254],{"class":117},[53,128497,37],{"class":67},[53,128499,127763],{"class":117},[53,128501,121],{"class":67},[53,128503,72],{"class":71},[53,128505,3406],{"class":75},[53,128507,72],{"class":71},[53,128509,762],{"class":67},[53,128511,128119],{"class":148},[20,128513,128514],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[44,128516,128518],{"className":46,"code":128517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128519,128520,128532,128536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128521,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128523,34233],{"class":59},[53,128525,64],{"class":63},[53,128527,84],{"class":71},[53,128529,128457],{"class":75},[53,128531,1032],{"class":71},[53,128533,128534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128535,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128537,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128539,137],{"class":136},[53,128541,121],{"class":67},[53,128543,34254],{"class":117},[53,128545,37],{"class":67},[53,128547,8189],{"class":117},[53,128549,8186],{"class":67},[53,128551,127763],{"class":117},[53,128553,121],{"class":67},[53,128555,72],{"class":71},[53,128557,3406],{"class":75},[53,128559,72],{"class":71},[53,128561,762],{"class":67},[53,128563,50790],{"class":148},[39,128565,128567,10136,128569],{"id":128566},"find-vs-index",[15,128568,123733],{},[15,128570,17],{},[20,128572,128573,667,128575,128577],{},[15,128574,123733],{},[15,128576,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[173,128579,128580,128586],{},[176,128581,128582,532,128584],{},[15,128583,123733],{},[15,128585,1144],{},[176,128587,128588,52037,128590],{},[15,128589,17],{},[15,128591,36],{},[20,128593,152,128594,128596],{},[15,128595,123733],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128598,152,128599,128601],{},[15,128600,17],{}," when the value must exist.",[44,128603,128605],{"className":46,"code":128604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128606,128607,128619,128623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128608,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128610,34233],{"class":59},[53,128612,64],{"class":63},[53,128614,84],{"class":71},[53,128616,3406],{"class":75},[53,128618,1032],{"class":71},[53,128620,128621],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128622,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128626,137],{"class":136},[53,128628,121],{"class":67},[53,128630,34254],{"class":117},[53,128632,37],{"class":67},[53,128634,127763],{"class":117},[53,128636,121],{"class":67},[53,128638,72],{"class":71},[53,128640,1735],{"class":75},[53,128642,72],{"class":71},[53,128644,762],{"class":67},[53,128646,128647],{"class":148},"   # -1\n",[44,128649,128651],{"className":46,"code":128650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128652,128653,128665,128669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128654,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128656,34233],{"class":59},[53,128658,64],{"class":63},[53,128660,84],{"class":71},[53,128662,3406],{"class":75},[53,128664,1032],{"class":71},[53,128666,128667],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128668,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128670,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128672,137],{"class":136},[53,128674,121],{"class":67},[53,128676,34254],{"class":117},[53,128678,37],{"class":67},[53,128680,118],{"class":117},[53,128682,121],{"class":67},[53,128684,72],{"class":71},[53,128686,1735],{"class":75},[53,128688,72],{"class":71},[53,128690,762],{"class":67},[53,128692,128693],{"class":148},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128695,128696,128697,128701,128702,128704,128705,37],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[195,128698,128699,128428],{"href":123758},[15,128700,17],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128703,17],{},", read ",[195,128706,25225,128707],{"href":72865},[15,128708,128709],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[39,128711,40587],{"id":40586},[20,128713,34952,128714,128716],{},[15,128715,123733],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[173,128718,128719,128722,128725,128728],{},[176,128720,128721],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[176,128723,128724],{},"Get the position of a word",[176,128726,128727],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[176,128729,128730],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128732,128733],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[44,128735,128737],{"className":46,"code":128736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128738,128739,128752,128775,128779,128794,128810,128829,128843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128740,128741,128743,128745,128747,128750],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128742,34233],{"class":59},[53,128744,64],{"class":63},[53,128746,84],{"class":71},[53,128748,128749],{"class":75},"name:Alice",[53,128751,1032],{"class":71},[53,128753,128754,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128755,128756],{"class":59},"colon_pos ",[53,128758,64],{"class":63},[53,128760,42384],{"class":59},[53,128762,37],{"class":67},[53,128764,127763],{"class":117},[53,128766,121],{"class":67},[53,128768,72],{"class":71},[53,128770,171],{"class":75},[53,128772,72],{"class":71},[53,128774,130],{"class":67},[53,128776,128777],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128778,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128780,128781,128783,128786,128788,128790,128792],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128782,1042],{"class":1041},[53,128784,128785],{"class":59}," colon_pos ",[53,128787,71975],{"class":63},[53,128789,1783],{"class":63},[53,128791,517],{"class":333},[53,128793,1053],{"class":67},[53,128795,128796,128799,128801,128803,128805,128808],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,128797,128798],{"class":59},"    label ",[53,128800,64],{"class":63},[53,128802,42384],{"class":59},[53,128804,74918],{"class":67},[53,128806,128807],{"class":59},"colon_pos",[53,128809,101],{"class":67},[53,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,128813,26946],{"class":59},[53,128815,64],{"class":63},[53,128817,42384],{"class":59},[53,128819,1226],{"class":67},[53,128821,128756],{"class":59},[53,128823,1622],{"class":63},[53,128825,821],{"class":333},[53,128827,128828],{"class":67},":]\n",[53,128830,128831,128833,128835,128838,128840],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,128832,1058],{"class":136},[53,128834,121],{"class":67},[53,128836,128837],{"class":117},"label",[53,128839,145],{"class":67},[53,128841,128842],{"class":148},"  # name\n",[53,128844,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,128846,1058],{"class":136},[53,128848,121],{"class":67},[53,128850,224],{"class":117},[53,128852,145],{"class":67},[53,128854,128855],{"class":148},"  # Alice\n",[20,128857,128858,128859,37],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[195,128860,126774],{"href":122993},[39,128862,2389],{"id":2388},[20,128864,128865,128866,171],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128867,123733],{},[173,128869,128870,128879,128885,128890,128896],{},[176,128871,8001,128872,8004,128874,2438,128876,128878],{},[15,128873,123733],{},[15,128875,3167],{},[15,128877,3234],{}," instead of an index",[176,128880,128881,128882,128884],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128883,1144],{}," when the substring is missing",[176,128886,664,128887,128889],{},[15,128888,123733],{}," without handling case differences",[176,128891,36747,128892,8254,128894],{},[15,128893,123733],{},[15,128895,17],{},[176,128897,4136,128898,128900],{},[15,128899,123733],{}," changes the string",[20,128902,128903],{},"Example of a mistake:",[44,128905,128907],{"className":46,"code":128906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128908,128909,128921,128925,128945,128960,128966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128910,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128912,34233],{"class":59},[53,128914,64],{"class":63},[53,128916,84],{"class":71},[53,128918,3406],{"class":75},[53,128920,1032],{"class":71},[53,128922,128923],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128924,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,128926,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,128928,1042],{"class":1041},[53,128930,42384],{"class":59},[53,128932,37],{"class":67},[53,128934,127763],{"class":117},[53,128936,121],{"class":67},[53,128938,72],{"class":71},[53,128940,59970],{"class":75},[53,128942,72],{"class":71},[53,128944,7891],{"class":67},[53,128946,128947,128949,128951,128953,128956,128958],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,128948,1058],{"class":136},[53,128950,121],{"class":67},[53,128952,72],{"class":71},[53,128954,128955],{"class":75},"Found",[53,128957,72],{"class":71},[53,128959,130],{"class":67},[53,128961,128962,128964],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,128963,1079],{"class":1041},[53,128965,1053],{"class":67},[53,128967,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,128969,1058],{"class":136},[53,128971,121],{"class":67},[53,128973,72],{"class":71},[53,128975,25860],{"class":75},[53,128977,72],{"class":71},[53,128979,130],{"class":67},[20,128981,99299],{},[44,128983,128985],{"className":46,"code":128984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Not found\n",[15,128986,128987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128988,128989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128990,128984],{"class":59},[20,128992,45247,128993,128996,128997,894,128999,129001,129002,129004],{},[15,128994,128995],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128998,187],{},[15,129000,187],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129003,1042],{}," statement.",[20,129006,129007],{},"A safer version is:",[44,129009,129011],{"className":46,"code":129010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129012,129013,129025,129029,129058,129072,129078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129014,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129016,34233],{"class":59},[53,129018,64],{"class":63},[53,129020,84],{"class":71},[53,129022,3406],{"class":75},[53,129024,1032],{"class":71},[53,129026,129027],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129028,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,129030,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129052,129054,129056],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,129032,1042],{"class":1041},[53,129034,42384],{"class":59},[53,129036,37],{"class":67},[53,129038,127763],{"class":117},[53,129040,121],{"class":67},[53,129042,72],{"class":71},[53,129044,59970],{"class":75},[53,129046,72],{"class":71},[53,129048,145],{"class":67},[53,129050,129051],{"class":63}," !=",[53,129053,1783],{"class":63},[53,129055,517],{"class":333},[53,129057,1053],{"class":67},[53,129059,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,129061,1058],{"class":136},[53,129063,121],{"class":67},[53,129065,72],{"class":71},[53,129067,128955],{"class":75},[53,129069,72],{"class":71},[53,129071,130],{"class":67},[53,129073,129074,129076],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,129075,1079],{"class":1041},[53,129077,1053],{"class":67},[53,129079,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,129081,1058],{"class":136},[53,129083,121],{"class":67},[53,129085,72],{"class":71},[53,129087,25860],{"class":75},[53,129089,72],{"class":71},[53,129091,130],{"class":67},[20,129093,129094],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[44,129096,129098],{"className":46,"code":129097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129099,129100,129122,129136,129162,129176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129101,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129103,137],{"class":136},[53,129105,121],{"class":67},[53,129107,34254],{"class":117},[53,129109,37],{"class":67},[53,129111,127763],{"class":117},[53,129113,121],{"class":67},[53,129115,2862],{"class":71},[53,129117,37933],{"class":75},[53,129119,2862],{"class":71},[53,129121,628],{"class":67},[53,129123,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129125,137],{"class":136},[53,129127,121],{"class":67},[53,129129,41321],{"class":136},[53,129131,121],{"class":67},[53,129133,34254],{"class":117},[53,129135,628],{"class":67},[53,129137,129138,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,129139,137],{"class":136},[53,129141,121],{"class":67},[53,129143,34254],{"class":117},[53,129145,37],{"class":67},[53,129147,8189],{"class":117},[53,129149,8186],{"class":67},[53,129151,127763],{"class":117},[53,129153,121],{"class":67},[53,129155,2862],{"class":71},[53,129157,37933],{"class":75},[53,129159,2862],{"class":71},[53,129161,628],{"class":67},[53,129163,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,129165,137],{"class":136},[53,129167,121],{"class":67},[53,129169,10711],{"class":136},[53,129171,121],{"class":67},[53,129173,34254],{"class":117},[53,129175,628],{"class":67},[53,129177,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,129179,137],{"class":136},[53,129181,121],{"class":67},[53,129183,34254],{"class":117},[53,129185,37],{"class":67},[53,129187,127763],{"class":117},[53,129189,121],{"class":67},[53,129191,2862],{"class":71},[53,129193,37933],{"class":75},[53,129195,2862],{"class":71},[53,129197,81],{"class":67},[53,129199,251],{"class":117},[53,129201,81],{"class":67},[53,129203,256],{"class":117},[53,129205,628],{"class":67},[20,129207,129208],{},"These help you check:",[173,129210,129211,129216,129221,129226,129229],{},[176,129212,129213,129214],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129215,123733],{},[176,129217,129218,129219],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129220,121952],{},[176,129222,129223,129224],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129225,123468],{},[176,129227,129228],{},"The string length",[176,129230,129231,129232,667,129234,129236],{},"Whether your ",[15,129233,273],{},[15,129235,279],{}," values are correct",[39,129238,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,129240,129242,129243,129245],{"id":129241},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129244,123733],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129247,4701,129248,37],{},[15,129249,1144],{},[1418,129251,1431,129253,129255],{"id":129252},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129254,123733],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129257,129258],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1418,129260,129262,129263,124074],{"id":129261},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129264,123733],{},[20,129266,129267],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1418,129269,4731,129271,667,129273,69038],{"id":129270},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129272,123733],{},[15,129274,17],{},[20,129276,129277,532,129279,129281,129282,52037,129284,37],{},[15,129278,123733],{},[15,129280,1144],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129283,17],{},[15,129285,36],{},[1418,129287,27872,129289,129291],{"id":129288},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129290,123733],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129293,129294,129295,667,129297,1467],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129296,273],{},[15,129298,279],{},[39,129300,1471],{"id":1470},[173,129302,129303,129309,129315,129322,129328,129335,129339,129344],{},[176,129304,129305],{},[195,129306,125738,129307,660],{"href":123758},[15,129308,17],{},[176,129310,129311],{},[195,129312,125738,129313,660],{"href":128425},[15,129314,60063],{},[176,129316,129317],{},[195,129318,125738,129320,660],{"href":129319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129321,123909],{},[176,129323,129324],{},[195,129325,125738,129326,660],{"href":127103},[15,129327,127106],{},[176,129329,129330],{},[195,129331,125738,129333,660],{"href":129332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129334,125796],{},[176,129336,129337],{},[195,129338,124137],{"href":122993},[176,129340,129341],{},[195,129342,129343],{"href":128421},"How to split a string in Python",[176,129345,129346],{},[195,129347,25667,129348],{"href":72865},[15,129349,128709],{},[1494,129351,129352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":129354},[129355,129357,129360,129361,129362,129363,129365,129366,129367,129379],{"id":127839,"depth":104,"text":129356},"What find() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":129358},[129359],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":300,"depth":104,"text":301},{"id":663,"depth":104,"text":1507},{"id":123384,"depth":104,"text":123385},{"id":128566,"depth":104,"text":129364},"find() vs index()",{"id":40586,"depth":104,"text":40587},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":129368},[129369,129371,129373,129375,129377],{"id":129241,"depth":133,"text":129370},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129252,"depth":133,"text":129372},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129261,"depth":133,"text":129374},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129270,"depth":133,"text":129376},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129288,"depth":133,"text":129378},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127711,"description":129380},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129387,"title":129388,"body":129389,"description":131315,"extension":1524,"meta":131316,"navigation":372,"path":131317,"seo":131318,"stem":131319,"__hash__":131320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129390,"toc":131283},[129391,129396,129401,129404,129406,129482,129486,129514,129522,129526,129531,129535,129552,129554,129621,129625,129647,129655,129657,129660,129684,129687,129701,129703,129788,129792,129804,129807,129811,129817,129867,129871,129888,129897,129900,129908,129911,129960,129964,129989,129992,130047,130051,130063,130069,130073,130079,130084,130151,130155,130181,130184,130195,130197,130264,130268,130293,130300,130304,130309,130316,130324,130326,130378,130382,130400,130402,130447,130451,130466,130469,130479,130486,130488,130492,130495,130506,130508,130568,130572,130600,130603,130609,130614,130617,130621,130665,130668,130706,130709,130717,130719,130724,130728,130731,130779,130782,130785,130841,130845,130850,130853,130902,130904,130953,130959,130964,130966,131013,131017,131030,131032,131083,131089,131092,131096,131099,131105,131110,131112,131115,131187,131190,131207,131209,131214,131217,131221,131227,131233,131240,131246,131252,131254,131280],[10,129392,122738,129394,18],{"id":129393},"python-string-format-method",[15,129395,125741],{},[20,129397,122743,129398,129400],{},[15,129399,125741],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129402,129403],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[39,129405,1566],{"id":1565},[44,129407,129409],{"className":46,"code":129408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129410,129411,129423,129431,129435,129472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129412,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129414,7426],{"class":59},[53,129416,64],{"class":63},[53,129418,84],{"class":71},[53,129420,11059],{"class":75},[53,129422,1032],{"class":71},[53,129424,129425,129427,129429],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129426,21173],{"class":59},[53,129428,64],{"class":63},[53,129430,88182],{"class":333},[53,129432,129433],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,129434,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,129436,129437,129439,129441,129443,129446,129448,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,129438,89390],{"class":59},[53,129440,64],{"class":63},[53,129442,84],{"class":71},[53,129444,129445],{"class":75},"My name is ",[53,129447,3352],{"class":333},[53,129449,129450],{"class":75}," and I am ",[53,129452,3352],{"class":333},[53,129454,121734],{"class":75},[53,129456,72],{"class":71},[53,129458,37],{"class":67},[53,129460,129461],{"class":117},"format",[53,129463,121],{"class":67},[53,129465,7220],{"class":117},[53,129467,81],{"class":67},[53,129469,8739],{"class":117},[53,129471,130],{"class":67},[53,129473,129474,129476,129478,129480],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,129475,137],{"class":136},[53,129477,121],{"class":67},[53,129479,89407],{"class":117},[53,129481,130],{"class":67},[20,129483,129484],{},[30,129485,388],{},[44,129487,129489],{"className":46,"code":129488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129490,129491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129492,129493,129496,129498,129501,129504,129507,129510,129512],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129494,129495],{"class":59},"My name ",[53,129497,11745],{"class":63},[53,129499,129500],{"class":59}," Maya ",[53,129502,129503],{"class":63},"and",[53,129505,129506],{"class":59}," I am ",[53,129508,129509],{"class":333},"12",[53,129511,121767],{"class":59},[53,129513,121770],{"class":67},[20,129515,152,129516,129518,129519,129521],{},[15,129517,3352],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129520,125741],{}," in the same order.",[20,129523,124490,129524,37],{},[195,129525,124493],{"href":50518},[39,129527,12548,129529,12551],{"id":129528},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129530,125741],{},[20,129532,1541,129533,10962],{},[15,129534,125741],{},[173,129536,129537,129540,129546,129549],{},[176,129538,129539],{},"inserts values into a string",[176,129541,129542,129543,129545],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129544,3352],{}," with given values",[176,129547,129548],{},"returns a new string",[176,129550,129551],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129553,316],{},[44,129555,129557],{"className":46,"code":129556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129558,129559,129573,129596,129600,129611],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129562,34233],{"class":59},[53,129564,64],{"class":63},[53,129566,84],{"class":71},[53,129568,44445],{"class":75},[53,129570,3352],{"class":333},[53,129572,1032],{"class":71},[53,129574,129575,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129576,129577],{"class":59},"new_text ",[53,129579,64],{"class":63},[53,129581,42384],{"class":59},[53,129583,37],{"class":67},[53,129585,129461],{"class":117},[53,129587,121],{"class":67},[53,129589,72],{"class":71},[53,129591,7229],{"class":75},[53,129593,72],{"class":71},[53,129595,130],{"class":67},[53,129597,129598],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,129599,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,129601,129602,129604,129606,129609],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,129603,137],{"class":136},[53,129605,121],{"class":67},[53,129607,129608],{"class":117},"new_text",[53,129610,130],{"class":67},[53,129612,129613,129615,129617,129619],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,129614,137],{"class":136},[53,129616,121],{"class":67},[53,129618,34254],{"class":117},[53,129620,130],{"class":67},[20,129622,129623],{},[30,129624,388],{},[44,129626,129628],{"className":46,"code":129627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129629,129630,129639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129631,129632,129634,129636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129633,34413],{"class":59},[53,129635,81],{"class":67},[53,129637,129638],{"class":59}," Sam\n",[53,129640,129641,129643,129645],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129642,34413],{"class":59},[53,129644,81],{"class":67},[53,129646,9389],{"class":67},[20,129648,1846,129649,129651,129652,129654],{},[15,129650,34254],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129653,125741],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[39,129656,202],{"id":201},[20,129658,129659],{},"The general form is:",[44,129661,129663],{"className":46,"code":129662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129664,129665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129666,129667,129669,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129668,72],{"class":42871},[53,129670,129671],{"class":42875},"text {}",[53,129673,72],{"class":42871},[53,129675,37],{"class":67},[53,129677,129461],{"class":117},[53,129679,121],{"class":67},[53,129681,224],{"class":117},[53,129683,130],{"class":67},[20,129685,129686],{},"Key idea:",[173,129688,129689,129695,129698],{},[176,129690,129691,129692,129694],{},"each ",[15,129693,3352],{}," is a placeholder",[176,129696,129697],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[176,129699,129700],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129702,316],{},[44,129704,129706],{"className":46,"code":129705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129707,129708,129721,129735,129739,129777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129709,129710,129713,129715,129717,129719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129711,129712],{"class":59},"animal ",[53,129714,64],{"class":63},[53,129716,84],{"class":71},[53,129718,36590],{"class":75},[53,129720,1032],{"class":71},[53,129722,129723,129726,129728,129730,129733],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129724,129725],{"class":59},"sound ",[53,129727,64],{"class":63},[53,129729,84],{"class":71},[53,129731,129732],{"class":75},"meow",[53,129734,1032],{"class":71},[53,129736,129737],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,129738,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,129740,129741,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129770,129772,129775],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,129742,129743],{"class":59},"sentence ",[53,129745,64],{"class":63},[53,129747,84],{"class":71},[53,129749,1541],{"class":75},[53,129751,3352],{"class":333},[53,129753,129754],{"class":75}," says ",[53,129756,3352],{"class":333},[53,129758,37],{"class":75},[53,129760,72],{"class":71},[53,129762,37],{"class":67},[53,129764,129461],{"class":117},[53,129766,121],{"class":67},[53,129768,129769],{"class":117},"animal",[53,129771,81],{"class":67},[53,129773,129774],{"class":117}," sound",[53,129776,130],{"class":67},[53,129778,129779,129781,129783,129786],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,129780,137],{"class":136},[53,129782,121],{"class":67},[53,129784,129785],{"class":117},"sentence",[53,129787,130],{"class":67},[20,129789,129790],{},[30,129791,388],{},[44,129793,129795],{"className":46,"code":129794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129796,129797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129798,129799,129802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129800,129801],{"class":59},"The cat says meow",[53,129803,121770],{"class":67},[20,129805,129806],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[39,129808,129810],{"id":129809},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129812,129813,129814,129816],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129815,3352],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[44,129818,129820],{"className":46,"code":129819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129821,129822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129823,129824,129826,129828,129830,129833,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129854,129856,129858,129860,129863,129865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129825,137],{"class":136},[53,129827,121],{"class":67},[53,129829,72],{"class":71},[53,129831,129832],{"class":75},"I like ",[53,129834,3352],{"class":333},[53,129836,667],{"class":75},[53,129838,3352],{"class":333},[53,129840,37],{"class":75},[53,129842,72],{"class":71},[53,129844,37],{"class":67},[53,129846,129461],{"class":117},[53,129848,121],{"class":67},[53,129850,72],{"class":71},[53,129852,129853],{"class":75},"pizza",[53,129855,72],{"class":71},[53,129857,81],{"class":67},[53,129859,84],{"class":71},[53,129861,129862],{"class":75},"pasta",[53,129864,72],{"class":71},[53,129866,628],{"class":67},[20,129868,129869],{},[30,129870,388],{},[44,129872,129874],{"className":46,"code":129873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129875,129876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129877,129878,129881,129883,129886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129879,129880],{"class":59},"I like pizza ",[53,129882,129503],{"class":63},[53,129884,129885],{"class":59}," pasta",[53,129887,121770],{"class":67},[20,129889,129890,129891,667,129894,37],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129892,129893],{},"{0}",[15,129895,129896],{},"{1}",[20,129898,129899],{},"This is helpful when:",[173,129901,129902,129905],{},[176,129903,129904],{},"you want to reuse a value",[176,129906,129907],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129909,129910],{},"Example with reused values:",[44,129912,129914],{"className":46,"code":129913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129915,129916,129950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129917,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129929,129931,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129919,34233],{"class":59},[53,129921,64],{"class":63},[53,129923,84],{"class":71},[53,129925,129893],{"class":333},[53,129927,129928],{"class":75}," is learning Python. ",[53,129930,129893],{"class":333},[53,129932,129933],{"class":75}," likes coding.",[53,129935,72],{"class":71},[53,129937,37],{"class":67},[53,129939,129461],{"class":117},[53,129941,121],{"class":67},[53,129943,72],{"class":71},[53,129945,19429],{"class":75},[53,129947,72],{"class":71},[53,129949,130],{"class":67},[53,129951,129952,129954,129956,129958],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129953,137],{"class":136},[53,129955,121],{"class":67},[53,129957,34254],{"class":117},[53,129959,130],{"class":67},[20,129961,129962],{},[30,129963,388],{},[44,129965,129967],{"className":46,"code":129966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129968,129969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129970,129971,129974,129976,129979,129981,129984,129987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129972,129973],{"class":59},"Lina ",[53,129975,11745],{"class":63},[53,129977,129978],{"class":59}," learning Python",[53,129980,37],{"class":67},[53,129982,129983],{"class":1223}," Lina",[53,129985,129986],{"class":59}," likes coding",[53,129988,121770],{"class":67},[20,129990,129991],{},"Example with changed order:",[44,129993,129995],{"className":46,"code":129994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129996,129997,130037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129998,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033,130035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130000,34233],{"class":59},[53,130002,64],{"class":63},[53,130004,84],{"class":71},[53,130006,129896],{"class":333},[53,130008,82709],{"class":75},[53,130010,129893],{"class":333},[53,130012,37],{"class":75},[53,130014,72],{"class":71},[53,130016,37],{"class":67},[53,130018,129461],{"class":117},[53,130020,121],{"class":67},[53,130022,72],{"class":71},[53,130024,6137],{"class":75},[53,130026,72],{"class":71},[53,130028,81],{"class":67},[53,130030,84],{"class":71},[53,130032,78654],{"class":75},[53,130034,72],{"class":71},[53,130036,130],{"class":67},[53,130038,130039,130041,130043,130045],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130040,137],{"class":136},[53,130042,121],{"class":67},[53,130044,34254],{"class":117},[53,130046,130],{"class":67},[20,130048,130049],{},[30,130050,388],{},[44,130052,130054],{"className":46,"code":130053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130055,130056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130057,130058,130061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130059,130060],{"class":59},"two comes after one",[53,130062,121770],{"class":67},[20,130064,130065,130066,130068],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130067,3352],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[39,130070,130072],{"id":130071},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130074,130075,130076,37],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130077,130078],{},"{name}",[20,130080,130081,130082,171],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130083,125741],{},[44,130085,130087],{"className":46,"code":130086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130088,130089,130141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130090,130091,130093,130095,130097,130099,130101,130104,130107,130109,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130092,34233],{"class":59},[53,130094,64],{"class":63},[53,130096,84],{"class":71},[53,130098,129445],{"class":75},[53,130100,130078],{"class":333},[53,130102,130103],{"class":75}," and I live in ",[53,130105,130106],{"class":333},"{city}",[53,130108,37],{"class":75},[53,130110,72],{"class":71},[53,130112,37],{"class":67},[53,130114,129461],{"class":117},[53,130116,121],{"class":67},[53,130118,7220],{"class":8726},[53,130120,64],{"class":63},[53,130122,72],{"class":71},[53,130124,12432],{"class":75},[53,130126,72],{"class":71},[53,130128,81],{"class":67},[53,130130,30929],{"class":8726},[53,130132,64],{"class":63},[53,130134,72],{"class":71},[53,130136,15582],{"class":75},[53,130138,72],{"class":71},[53,130140,130],{"class":67},[53,130142,130143,130145,130147,130149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130144,137],{"class":136},[53,130146,121],{"class":67},[53,130148,34254],{"class":117},[53,130150,130],{"class":67},[20,130152,130153],{},[30,130154,388],{},[44,130156,130158],{"className":46,"code":130157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130159,130160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130161,130162,130164,130166,130169,130171,130174,130176,130179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130163,129495],{"class":59},[53,130165,11745],{"class":63},[53,130167,130168],{"class":59}," Ana ",[53,130170,129503],{"class":63},[53,130172,130173],{"class":59}," I live ",[53,130175,1048],{"class":63},[53,130177,130178],{"class":59}," Lima",[53,130180,121770],{"class":67},[20,130182,130183],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[173,130185,130186,130189,130192],{},[176,130187,130188],{},"they make code easier to read",[176,130190,130191],{},"they help when a string has many values",[176,130193,130194],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130196,316],{},[44,130198,130200],{"className":46,"code":130199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130201,130202,130254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130203,130204,130207,130209,130211,130214,130217,130220,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130240,130242,130244,130247,130249,130252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130205,130206],{"class":59},"report ",[53,130208,64],{"class":63},[53,130210,84],{"class":71},[53,130212,130213],{"class":75},"Student: ",[53,130215,130216],{"class":333},"{student}",[53,130218,130219],{"class":75},", Score: ",[53,130221,130222],{"class":333},"{score}",[53,130224,72],{"class":71},[53,130226,37],{"class":67},[53,130228,129461],{"class":117},[53,130230,121],{"class":67},[53,130232,13176],{"class":8726},[53,130234,64],{"class":63},[53,130236,72],{"class":71},[53,130238,130239],{"class":75},"Noah",[53,130241,72],{"class":71},[53,130243,81],{"class":67},[53,130245,130246],{"class":8726}," score",[53,130248,64],{"class":63},[53,130250,130251],{"class":333},"95",[53,130253,130],{"class":67},[53,130255,130256,130258,130260,130262],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130257,137],{"class":136},[53,130259,121],{"class":67},[53,130261,127451],{"class":117},[53,130263,130],{"class":67},[20,130265,130266],{},[30,130267,388],{},[44,130269,130271],{"className":46,"code":130270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130272,130273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130274,130275,130278,130280,130283,130285,130288,130290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130276,130277],{"class":59},"Student",[53,130279,171],{"class":67},[53,130281,130282],{"class":59}," Noah",[53,130284,81],{"class":67},[53,130286,130287],{"class":59}," Score",[53,130289,171],{"class":67},[53,130291,130292],{"class":333}," 95\n",[20,130294,130295,130296,37],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[195,130297,3138,130298,3071],{"href":41717},[15,130299,47225],{},[39,130301,130303],{"id":130302},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130305,130306,130308],{},[15,130307,125741],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130310,130311,130312,130315],{},"A common example is ",[15,130313,130314],{},":.2f",", which means:",[173,130317,130318,130321],{},[176,130319,130320],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[176,130322,130323],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130325,316],{},[44,130327,130329],{"className":46,"code":130328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130330,130331,130339,130368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130332,130333,130335,130337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130334,39929],{"class":59},[53,130336,64],{"class":63},[53,130338,48818],{"class":333},[53,130340,130341,130343,130345,130347,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130342,34233],{"class":59},[53,130344,64],{"class":63},[53,130346,84],{"class":71},[53,130348,130349],{"class":75},"Price: $",[53,130351,8829],{"class":333},[53,130353,130314],{"class":1627},[53,130355,21848],{"class":333},[53,130357,72],{"class":71},[53,130359,37],{"class":67},[53,130361,129461],{"class":117},[53,130363,121],{"class":67},[53,130365,24695],{"class":117},[53,130367,130],{"class":67},[53,130369,130370,130372,130374,130376],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,130371,137],{"class":136},[53,130373,121],{"class":67},[53,130375,34254],{"class":117},[53,130377,130],{"class":67},[20,130379,130380],{},[30,130381,388],{},[44,130383,130385],{"className":46,"code":130384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130386,130387],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130388,130389,130392,130394,130397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130390,130391],{"class":59},"Price",[53,130393,171],{"class":67},[53,130395,130396],{"class":36910}," $",[53,130398,130399],{"class":333},"3.50\n",[20,130401,51622],{},[44,130403,130405],{"className":46,"code":130404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130406,130407,130417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130408,130409,130412,130414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130410,130411],{"class":59},"average ",[53,130413,64],{"class":63},[53,130415,130416],{"class":333}," 91.236\n",[53,130418,130419,130421,130423,130425,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130445],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130420,137],{"class":136},[53,130422,121],{"class":67},[53,130424,72],{"class":71},[53,130426,130427],{"class":75},"Average: ",[53,130429,8829],{"class":333},[53,130431,130314],{"class":1627},[53,130433,21848],{"class":333},[53,130435,72],{"class":71},[53,130437,37],{"class":67},[53,130439,129461],{"class":117},[53,130441,121],{"class":67},[53,130443,130444],{"class":117},"average",[53,130446,628],{"class":67},[20,130448,130449],{},[30,130450,388],{},[44,130452,130454],{"className":46,"code":130453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130455,130456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130457,130458,130461,130463],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130459,130460],{"class":59},"Average",[53,130462,171],{"class":67},[53,130464,130465],{"class":333}," 91.24\n",[20,130467,130468],{},"This is useful for:",[173,130470,130471,130473,130476],{},[176,130472,82467],{},[176,130474,130475],{},"averages",[176,130477,130478],{},"percentages",[20,130480,130481,130482,37],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[195,130483,3138,130484,1863],{"href":45993},[15,130485,45996],{},[39,130487,16967],{"id":16966},[20,130489,130490,91904],{},[15,130491,125741],{},[20,130493,130494],{},"That means you can:",[173,130496,130497,130500,130503],{},[176,130498,130499],{},"save it in a variable",[176,130501,130502],{},"print it directly",[176,130504,130505],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130507,316],{},[44,130509,130511],{"className":46,"code":130510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130512,130513,130544,130554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130514,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130537,130540,130542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130516,89390],{"class":59},[53,130518,64],{"class":63},[53,130520,84],{"class":71},[53,130522,44445],{"class":75},[53,130524,3352],{"class":333},[53,130526,89231],{"class":75},[53,130528,72],{"class":71},[53,130530,37],{"class":67},[53,130532,129461],{"class":117},[53,130534,121],{"class":67},[53,130536,72],{"class":71},[53,130538,130539],{"class":75},"Chris",[53,130541,72],{"class":71},[53,130543,130],{"class":67},[53,130545,130546,130548,130550,130552],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130547,137],{"class":136},[53,130549,121],{"class":67},[53,130551,89407],{"class":117},[53,130553,130],{"class":67},[53,130555,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,130557,137],{"class":136},[53,130559,121],{"class":67},[53,130561,1321],{"class":1320},[53,130563,121],{"class":67},[53,130565,89407],{"class":117},[53,130567,628],{"class":67},[20,130569,130570],{},[30,130571,388],{},[44,130573,130575],{"className":46,"code":130574,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130576,130577,130586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130578,130579,130581,130583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130580,34413],{"class":59},[53,130582,81],{"class":67},[53,130584,130585],{"class":59}," Chris!\n",[53,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130589,2851],{"class":63},[53,130591,2854],{"class":1627},[53,130593,2857],{"class":71},[53,130595,3005],{"class":75},[53,130597,2862],{"class":71},[53,130599,2865],{"class":63},[20,130601,130602],{},"The original string is not changed.",[39,130604,130606,130608],{"id":130605},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130607,125741],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130610,130611,130613],{},[15,130612,125741],{}," is a string method.",[20,130615,130616],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130618,45584,130619,171],{},[15,130620,125741],{},[44,130622,130624],{"className":46,"code":130623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130625,130626,130639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130627,130628,130630,130632,130634,130637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130629,7426],{"class":59},[53,130631,64],{"class":63},[53,130633,84],{"class":71},[53,130635,130636],{"class":75},"Rita",[53,130638,1032],{"class":71},[53,130640,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130642,137],{"class":136},[53,130644,121],{"class":67},[53,130646,72],{"class":71},[53,130648,44445],{"class":75},[53,130650,3352],{"class":333},[53,130652,89231],{"class":75},[53,130654,72],{"class":71},[53,130656,37],{"class":67},[53,130658,129461],{"class":117},[53,130660,121],{"class":67},[53,130662,7220],{"class":117},[53,130664,628],{"class":67},[20,130666,130667],{},"Example with an f-string:",[44,130669,130671],{"className":46,"code":130670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130672,130673,130685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130674,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130676,7426],{"class":59},[53,130678,64],{"class":63},[53,130680,84],{"class":71},[53,130682,130636],{"class":75},[53,130684,1032],{"class":71},[53,130686,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130704],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130688,137],{"class":136},[53,130690,121],{"class":67},[53,130692,21839],{"class":1627},[53,130694,42889],{"class":75},[53,130696,8829],{"class":333},[53,130698,7220],{"class":117},[53,130700,21848],{"class":333},[53,130702,130703],{"class":75},"!\"",[53,130705,130],{"class":67},[20,130707,130708],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130710,130711,130712,130714,130715,37],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130713,125741],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[195,130716,89076],{"href":89075},[39,130718,2389],{"id":2388},[20,130720,130721,130722,37],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130723,125741],{},[1418,130725,130727],{"id":130726},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130729,130730],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[44,130732,130734],{"className":46,"code":130733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130735,130736,130769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130737,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130751,130753,130755,130757,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130739,34233],{"class":59},[53,130741,64],{"class":63},[53,130743,84],{"class":71},[53,130745,44445],{"class":75},[53,130747,3352],{"class":333},[53,130749,130750],{"class":333}," {}",[53,130752,89231],{"class":75},[53,130754,72],{"class":71},[53,130756,37],{"class":67},[53,130758,129461],{"class":117},[53,130760,121],{"class":67},[53,130762,72],{"class":71},[53,130764,7229],{"class":75},[53,130766,72],{"class":71},[53,130768,130],{"class":67},[53,130770,130771,130773,130775,130777],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130772,137],{"class":136},[53,130774,121],{"class":67},[53,130776,34254],{"class":117},[53,130778,130],{"class":67},[20,130780,130781],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130783,130784],{},"Fixed version:",[44,130786,130788],{"className":46,"code":130787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130789,130790,130831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130791,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130827,130829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130793,34233],{"class":59},[53,130795,64],{"class":63},[53,130797,84],{"class":71},[53,130799,44445],{"class":75},[53,130801,3352],{"class":333},[53,130803,130750],{"class":333},[53,130805,89231],{"class":75},[53,130807,72],{"class":71},[53,130809,37],{"class":67},[53,130811,129461],{"class":117},[53,130813,121],{"class":67},[53,130815,72],{"class":71},[53,130817,7229],{"class":75},[53,130819,72],{"class":71},[53,130821,81],{"class":67},[53,130823,84],{"class":71},[53,130825,130826],{"class":75},"Lee",[53,130828,72],{"class":71},[53,130830,130],{"class":67},[53,130832,130833,130835,130837,130839],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130834,137],{"class":136},[53,130836,121],{"class":67},[53,130838,34254],{"class":117},[53,130840,130],{"class":67},[1418,130842,130844],{"id":130843},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130846,130847,130848,37],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130849,125741],{},[20,130851,130852],{},"Problem:",[44,130854,130856],{"className":46,"code":130855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130857,130858,130892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130859,130860,130862,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886,130888,130890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130861,34233],{"class":59},[53,130863,64],{"class":63},[53,130865,84],{"class":71},[53,130867,44445],{"class":75},[53,130869,130078],{"class":333},[53,130871,89231],{"class":75},[53,130873,72],{"class":71},[53,130875,37],{"class":67},[53,130877,129461],{"class":117},[53,130879,121],{"class":67},[53,130881,7535],{"class":8726},[53,130883,64],{"class":63},[53,130885,72],{"class":71},[53,130887,7229],{"class":75},[53,130889,72],{"class":71},[53,130891,130],{"class":67},[53,130893,130894,130896,130898,130900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130895,137],{"class":136},[53,130897,121],{"class":67},[53,130899,34254],{"class":117},[53,130901,130],{"class":67},[20,130903,130784],{},[44,130905,130907],{"className":46,"code":130906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130908,130909,130943],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130910,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130912,34233],{"class":59},[53,130914,64],{"class":63},[53,130916,84],{"class":71},[53,130918,44445],{"class":75},[53,130920,130078],{"class":333},[53,130922,89231],{"class":75},[53,130924,72],{"class":71},[53,130926,37],{"class":67},[53,130928,129461],{"class":117},[53,130930,121],{"class":67},[53,130932,7220],{"class":8726},[53,130934,64],{"class":63},[53,130936,72],{"class":71},[53,130938,7229],{"class":75},[53,130940,72],{"class":71},[53,130942,130],{"class":67},[53,130944,130945,130947,130949,130951],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130946,137],{"class":136},[53,130948,121],{"class":67},[53,130950,34254],{"class":117},[53,130952,130],{"class":67},[1418,130954,8001,130956,130958],{"id":130955},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130957,125741],{}," to change the original string",[20,130960,130961,130963],{},[15,130962,125741],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130965,130852],{},[44,130967,130969],{"className":46,"code":130968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130970,130971,130985,131003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130972,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981,130983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130974,34233],{"class":59},[53,130976,64],{"class":63},[53,130978,84],{"class":71},[53,130980,44445],{"class":75},[53,130982,3352],{"class":333},[53,130984,1032],{"class":71},[53,130986,130987,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130988,34254],{"class":59},[53,130990,37],{"class":67},[53,130992,129461],{"class":117},[53,130994,121],{"class":67},[53,130996,72],{"class":71},[53,130998,7229],{"class":75},[53,131000,72],{"class":71},[53,131002,130],{"class":67},[53,131004,131005,131007,131009,131011],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131006,137],{"class":136},[53,131008,121],{"class":67},[53,131010,34254],{"class":117},[53,131012,130],{"class":67},[20,131014,131015],{},[30,131016,388],{},[44,131018,131020],{"className":46,"code":131019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131021,131022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131023,131024,131026,131028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131025,34413],{"class":59},[53,131027,81],{"class":67},[53,131029,9389],{"class":67},[20,131031,130784],{},[44,131033,131035],{"className":46,"code":131034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131036,131037,131051,131073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131040,34233],{"class":59},[53,131042,64],{"class":63},[53,131044,84],{"class":71},[53,131046,44445],{"class":75},[53,131048,3352],{"class":333},[53,131050,1032],{"class":71},[53,131052,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131054,34233],{"class":59},[53,131056,64],{"class":63},[53,131058,42384],{"class":59},[53,131060,37],{"class":67},[53,131062,129461],{"class":117},[53,131064,121],{"class":67},[53,131066,72],{"class":71},[53,131068,7229],{"class":75},[53,131070,72],{"class":71},[53,131072,130],{"class":67},[53,131074,131075,131077,131079,131081],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131076,137],{"class":136},[53,131078,121],{"class":67},[53,131080,34254],{"class":117},[53,131082,130],{"class":67},[1418,131084,4261,131086,131088],{"id":131085},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131087,125741],{}," returns a new string",[20,131090,131091],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1418,131093,131095],{"id":131094},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131097,131098],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131100,131101,131102,131104],{},"Use simple ",[15,131103,3352],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131106,131107,131108,37],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[195,131109,89789],{"href":89788},[39,131111,67278],{"id":67277},[20,131113,131114],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[44,131116,131118],{"className":46,"code":131117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131119,131120,131130,131144,131173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131121,131122,131124,131126,131128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131123,137],{"class":136},[53,131125,121],{"class":67},[53,131127,34254],{"class":117},[53,131129,130],{"class":67},[53,131131,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131133,137],{"class":136},[53,131135,121],{"class":67},[53,131137,1321],{"class":1320},[53,131139,121],{"class":67},[53,131141,224],{"class":117},[53,131143,628],{"class":67},[53,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131147,137],{"class":136},[53,131149,121],{"class":67},[53,131151,72],{"class":71},[53,131153,131154],{"class":75},"Hello ",[53,131156,3352],{"class":333},[53,131158,72],{"class":71},[53,131160,37],{"class":67},[53,131162,129461],{"class":117},[53,131164,121],{"class":67},[53,131166,72],{"class":71},[53,131168,7229],{"class":75},[53,131170,72],{"class":71},[53,131172,628],{"class":67},[53,131174,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,131176,31697],{"class":136},[53,131178,121],{"class":67},[53,131180,3005],{"class":1320},[53,131182,37],{"class":67},[53,131184,129461],{"class":1223},[53,131186,130],{"class":67},[20,131188,131189],{},"Use them to check:",[173,131191,131192,131195,131198,131201],{},[176,131193,131194],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[176,131196,131197],{},"what type your value has",[176,131199,131200],{},"whether a small test example works",[176,131202,131203,131204],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131205,131206],{},"str.format",[39,131208,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,131210,129242,131212,12267],{"id":131211},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131213,125741],{},[20,131215,131216],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1418,131218,131220],{"id":131219},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131222,131223,131224,131226],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131225,3352],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1418,131228,131230,131231,1459],{"id":131229},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131232,125741],{},[20,131234,131235,131236,131239],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131237,131238],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1418,131241,14454,131243,131245],{"id":131242},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131244,125741],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131247,131248,131249,131251],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131250,125741],{}," is still useful and common.",[39,131253,1471],{"id":1470},[173,131255,131256,131260,131264,131270,131276],{},[176,131257,131258],{},[195,131259,124493],{"href":50518},[176,131261,131262],{},[195,131263,90066],{"href":89075},[176,131265,131266],{},[195,131267,3138,131268,3071],{"href":45993},[15,131269,45996],{},[176,131271,131272],{},[195,131273,3138,131274,3071],{"href":41717},[15,131275,47225],{},[176,131277,131278],{},[195,131279,89789],{"href":89788},[1494,131281,131282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":131284},[131285,131286,131288,131289,131290,131291,131292,131293,131295,131304,131305,131314],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":129528,"depth":104,"text":131287},"What the format() method does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":129809,"depth":104,"text":129810},{"id":130071,"depth":104,"text":130072},{"id":130302,"depth":104,"text":130303},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":130605,"depth":104,"text":131294},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":131296},[131297,131298,131299,131301,131303],{"id":130726,"depth":133,"text":130727},{"id":130843,"depth":133,"text":130844},{"id":130955,"depth":133,"text":131300},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131085,"depth":133,"text":131302},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131094,"depth":133,"text":131095},{"id":67277,"depth":104,"text":67278},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":131306},[131307,131309,131310,131312],{"id":131211,"depth":133,"text":131308},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131219,"depth":133,"text":131220},{"id":131229,"depth":133,"text":131311},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131242,"depth":133,"text":131313},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129388,"description":131315},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131322,"title":131323,"body":131324,"description":132804,"extension":1524,"meta":132805,"navigation":372,"path":132806,"seo":132807,"stem":132808,"__hash__":132809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131325,"toc":132776},[131326,131331,131336,131341,131343,131405,131412,131418,131423,131425,131441,131443,131514,131516,131530,131533,131583,131585,131587,131614,131617,131632,131635,131676,131679,131724,131731,131780,131782,131790,131792,131810,131812,131905,131913,131954,131959,131966,131972,131979,131982,131986,132087,132089,132111,132115,132168,132171,132174,132180,132187,132189,132228,132230,132248,132258,132265,132348,132351,132358,132365,132372,132376,132384,132430,132434,132443,132508,132513,132518,132529,132531,132536,132563,132565,132668,132671,132691,132693,132698,132701,132705,132709,132716,132725,132731,132734,132740,132742,132744,132773],[10,131327,122738,131329,18],{"id":131328},"python-string-index-method",[15,131330,17],{},[20,131332,122743,131333,131335],{},[15,131334,17],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131337,131338,131339,37],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131340,36],{},[39,131342,1566],{"id":1565},[44,131344,131346],{"className":46,"code":131345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131347,131348,131360,131382,131392,131396,131400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131349,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131351,34233],{"class":59},[53,131353,64],{"class":63},[53,131355,84],{"class":71},[53,131357,59938],{"class":75},[53,131359,1032],{"class":71},[53,131361,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131363,107],{"class":59},[53,131365,64],{"class":63},[53,131367,42384],{"class":59},[53,131369,37],{"class":67},[53,131371,118],{"class":117},[53,131373,121],{"class":67},[53,131375,72],{"class":71},[53,131377,60123],{"class":75},[53,131379,72],{"class":71},[53,131381,130],{"class":67},[53,131383,131384,131386,131388,131390],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131385,137],{"class":136},[53,131387,121],{"class":67},[53,131389,142],{"class":117},[53,131391,130],{"class":67},[53,131393,131394],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,131395,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,131397,131398],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,131399,90207],{"class":148},[53,131401,131402],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,131403,131404],{"class":148},"# 6\n",[20,131406,152,131407,131409,131410,37],{},[15,131408,17],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131411,36],{},[39,131413,163,131415,166],{"id":131414},"what-strindex-does",[15,131416,131417],{},"str.index()",[20,131419,131420,131422],{},[15,131421,131417],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131424,12604],{},[173,131426,131427,131430,131433,131436],{},[176,131428,131429],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[176,131431,131432],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[176,131434,131435],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[176,131437,29838,131438,131440],{},[15,131439,36],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131442,316],{},[44,131444,131446],{"className":46,"code":131445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131447,131448,131460,131464,131489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131449,131450,131452,131454,131456,131458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131451,34233],{"class":59},[53,131453,64],{"class":63},[53,131455,84],{"class":71},[53,131457,87],{"class":75},[53,131459,1032],{"class":71},[53,131461,131462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131463,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,131465,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131467,137],{"class":136},[53,131469,121],{"class":67},[53,131471,34254],{"class":117},[53,131473,37],{"class":67},[53,131475,118],{"class":117},[53,131477,121],{"class":67},[53,131479,72],{"class":71},[53,131481,195],{"class":75},[53,131483,72],{"class":71},[53,131485,762],{"class":67},[53,131487,131488],{"class":148},"     # 1\n",[53,131490,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,131492,137],{"class":136},[53,131494,121],{"class":67},[53,131496,34254],{"class":117},[53,131498,37],{"class":67},[53,131500,118],{"class":117},[53,131502,121],{"class":67},[53,131504,72],{"class":71},[53,131506,122831],{"class":75},[53,131508,72],{"class":71},[53,131510,762],{"class":67},[53,131512,131513],{"class":148},"    # 2\n",[20,131515,1740],{},[173,131517,131518,131524],{},[176,131519,131520,127951,131522],{},[15,131521,17643],{},[15,131523,517],{},[176,131525,131526,127951,131528],{},[15,131527,127950],{},[15,131529,525],{},[20,131531,131532],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[44,131534,131536],{"className":46,"code":131535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131537,131538,131550,131554,131578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131539,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131541,34233],{"class":59},[53,131543,64],{"class":63},[53,131545,84],{"class":71},[53,131547,34413],{"class":75},[53,131549,1032],{"class":71},[53,131551,131552],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131553,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,131555,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131557,137],{"class":136},[53,131559,121],{"class":67},[53,131561,34254],{"class":117},[53,131563,37],{"class":67},[53,131565,118],{"class":117},[53,131567,121],{"class":67},[53,131569,72],{"class":71},[53,131571,50734],{"class":75},[53,131573,72],{"class":71},[53,131575,762],{"class":67},[53,131577,20315],{"class":148},[53,131579,131580],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,131581,131582],{"class":148},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[39,131584,202],{"id":201},[20,131586,1721],{},[44,131588,131590],{"className":46,"code":131589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131591,131592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131593,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610,131612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131595,60706],{"class":59},[53,131597,37],{"class":67},[53,131599,118],{"class":117},[53,131601,121],{"class":67},[53,131603,224],{"class":117},[53,131605,81],{"class":67},[53,131607,251],{"class":117},[53,131609,81],{"class":67},[53,131611,256],{"class":117},[53,131613,130],{"class":67},[20,131615,131616],{},"Parameters:",[173,131618,131619,131623,131627],{},[176,131620,131621,122930],{},[15,131622,224],{},[176,131624,131625,127997],{},[15,131626,273],{},[176,131628,131629,131631],{},[15,131630,279],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131633,131634],{},"You can use just the value:",[44,131636,131638],{"className":46,"code":131637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131639,131640,131652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131641,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131643,34233],{"class":59},[53,131645,64],{"class":63},[53,131647,84],{"class":71},[53,131649,48],{"class":75},[53,131651,1032],{"class":71},[53,131653,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666,131668,131670,131672,131674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131655,137],{"class":136},[53,131657,121],{"class":67},[53,131659,34254],{"class":117},[53,131661,37],{"class":67},[53,131663,118],{"class":117},[53,131665,121],{"class":67},[53,131667,72],{"class":71},[53,131669,62819],{"class":75},[53,131671,72],{"class":71},[53,131673,762],{"class":67},[53,131675,50958],{"class":148},[20,131677,131678],{},"Or include a start position:",[44,131680,131682],{"className":46,"code":131681,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131683,131684,131696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131685,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131687,34233],{"class":59},[53,131689,64],{"class":63},[53,131691,84],{"class":71},[53,131693,87],{"class":75},[53,131695,1032],{"class":71},[53,131697,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131699,137],{"class":136},[53,131701,121],{"class":67},[53,131703,34254],{"class":117},[53,131705,37],{"class":67},[53,131707,118],{"class":117},[53,131709,121],{"class":67},[53,131711,72],{"class":71},[53,131713,195],{"class":75},[53,131715,72],{"class":71},[53,131717,81],{"class":67},[53,131719,790],{"class":333},[53,131721,762],{"class":67},[53,131723,50313],{"class":148},[20,131725,131726,131727,667,131729,171],{},"Or include both ",[15,131728,273],{},[15,131730,279],{},[44,131732,131734],{"className":46,"code":131733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131735,131736,131748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131737,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131739,34233],{"class":59},[53,131741,64],{"class":63},[53,131743,84],{"class":71},[53,131745,87],{"class":75},[53,131747,1032],{"class":71},[53,131749,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131751,137],{"class":136},[53,131753,121],{"class":67},[53,131755,34254],{"class":117},[53,131757,37],{"class":67},[53,131759,118],{"class":117},[53,131761,121],{"class":67},[53,131763,72],{"class":71},[53,131765,195],{"class":75},[53,131767,72],{"class":71},[53,131769,81],{"class":67},[53,131771,790],{"class":333},[53,131773,81],{"class":67},[53,131775,4162],{"class":333},[53,131777,762],{"class":67},[53,131779,50313],{"class":148},[39,131781,301],{"id":300},[20,131783,28252,131784,131786,131787,37],{},[15,131785,17],{}," is a ",[30,131788,131789],{},"zero-based index",[20,131791,1669],{},[173,131793,131794,131800,131805],{},[176,131795,131796,131797,131799],{},"Index ",[15,131798,187],{}," is the first character",[176,131801,131796,131802,131804],{},[15,131803,517],{}," is the second character",[176,131806,131796,131807,131809],{},[15,131808,525],{}," is the third character",[20,131811,316],{},[44,131813,131815],{"className":46,"code":131814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131816,131817,131829,131833,131857,131881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131818,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131820,34233],{"class":59},[53,131822,64],{"class":63},[53,131824,84],{"class":71},[53,131826,36590],{"class":75},[53,131828,1032],{"class":71},[53,131830,131831],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131832,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,131834,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,131836,137],{"class":136},[53,131838,121],{"class":67},[53,131840,34254],{"class":117},[53,131842,37],{"class":67},[53,131844,118],{"class":117},[53,131846,121],{"class":67},[53,131848,72],{"class":71},[53,131850,713],{"class":75},[53,131852,72],{"class":71},[53,131854,762],{"class":67},[53,131856,50790],{"class":148},[53,131858,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,131860,137],{"class":136},[53,131862,121],{"class":67},[53,131864,34254],{"class":117},[53,131866,37],{"class":67},[53,131868,118],{"class":117},[53,131870,121],{"class":67},[53,131872,72],{"class":71},[53,131874,195],{"class":75},[53,131876,72],{"class":71},[53,131878,762],{"class":67},[53,131880,149],{"class":148},[53,131882,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,131884,137],{"class":136},[53,131886,121],{"class":67},[53,131888,34254],{"class":117},[53,131890,37],{"class":67},[53,131892,118],{"class":117},[53,131894,121],{"class":67},[53,131896,72],{"class":71},[53,131898,62819],{"class":75},[53,131900,72],{"class":71},[53,131902,762],{"class":67},[53,131904,50958],{"class":148},[20,131906,131907,131909,131910,131912],{},[15,131908,17],{}," returns only the ",[30,131911,29453],{}," matching position.",[44,131914,131916],{"className":46,"code":131915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131917,131918,131930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131919,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131921,34233],{"class":59},[53,131923,64],{"class":63},[53,131925,84],{"class":71},[53,131927,87],{"class":75},[53,131929,1032],{"class":71},[53,131931,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131933,137],{"class":136},[53,131935,121],{"class":67},[53,131937,34254],{"class":117},[53,131939,37],{"class":67},[53,131941,118],{"class":117},[53,131943,121],{"class":67},[53,131945,72],{"class":71},[53,131947,195],{"class":75},[53,131949,72],{"class":71},[53,131951,762],{"class":67},[53,131953,149],{"class":148},[20,131955,642,131956,131958],{},[15,131957,17643],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131960,131961,131962,37],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[195,131963,131964,660],{"href":124188},[15,131965,58124],{},[39,131967,664,131968,667,131970],{"id":663},[15,131969,273],{},[15,131971,279],{},[20,131973,1541,131974,667,131976,131978],{},[15,131975,273],{},[15,131977,279],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131980,131981],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131983,45584,131984,171],{},[15,131985,273],{},[44,131987,131989],{"className":46,"code":131988,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131990,131991,132003,132007,132031,132059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131992,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131994,34233],{"class":59},[53,131996,64],{"class":63},[53,131998,84],{"class":71},[53,132000,87],{"class":75},[53,132002,1032],{"class":71},[53,132004,132005],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132006,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,132008,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132010,137],{"class":136},[53,132012,121],{"class":67},[53,132014,34254],{"class":117},[53,132016,37],{"class":67},[53,132018,118],{"class":117},[53,132020,121],{"class":67},[53,132022,72],{"class":71},[53,132024,195],{"class":75},[53,132026,72],{"class":71},[53,132028,762],{"class":67},[53,132030,50663],{"class":148},[53,132032,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,132034,137],{"class":136},[53,132036,121],{"class":67},[53,132038,34254],{"class":117},[53,132040,37],{"class":67},[53,132042,118],{"class":117},[53,132044,121],{"class":67},[53,132046,72],{"class":71},[53,132048,195],{"class":75},[53,132050,72],{"class":71},[53,132052,81],{"class":67},[53,132054,790],{"class":333},[53,132056,762],{"class":67},[53,132058,50512],{"class":148},[53,132060,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,132062,137],{"class":136},[53,132064,121],{"class":67},[53,132066,34254],{"class":117},[53,132068,37],{"class":67},[53,132070,118],{"class":117},[53,132072,121],{"class":67},[53,132074,72],{"class":71},[53,132076,195],{"class":75},[53,132078,72],{"class":71},[53,132080,81],{"class":67},[53,132082,826],{"class":333},[53,132084,762],{"class":67},[53,132086,50296],{"class":148},[20,132088,19504],{},[173,132090,132091,132098,132104],{},[176,132092,132093,132094,866,132096],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132095,17643],{},[15,132097,517],{},[176,132099,132100,132101,132103],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132102,525],{}," skips that first match",[176,132105,132100,132106,132108,132109],{},[15,132107,2062],{}," finds the last ",[15,132110,17643],{},[20,132112,45584,132113,171],{},[15,132114,279],{},[44,132116,132118],{"className":46,"code":132117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132119,132120,132132,132136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132121,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132123,34233],{"class":59},[53,132125,64],{"class":63},[53,132127,84],{"class":71},[53,132129,87],{"class":75},[53,132131,1032],{"class":71},[53,132133,132134],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132135,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,132137,132138,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132139,137],{"class":136},[53,132141,121],{"class":67},[53,132143,34254],{"class":117},[53,132145,37],{"class":67},[53,132147,118],{"class":117},[53,132149,121],{"class":67},[53,132151,72],{"class":71},[53,132153,75413],{"class":75},[53,132155,72],{"class":71},[53,132157,81],{"class":67},[53,132159,3394],{"class":333},[53,132161,81],{"class":67},[53,132163,826],{"class":333},[53,132165,762],{"class":67},[53,132167,50958],{"class":148},[20,132169,132170],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132172,132173],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[39,132175,43756,132177,132179],{"id":132176},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132178,17],{}," causes an error",[20,132181,132182,132183,52037,132185,37],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132184,17],{},[15,132186,36],{},[20,132188,316],{},[44,132190,132192],{"className":46,"code":132191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132193,132194,132206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132195,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132197,34233],{"class":59},[53,132199,64],{"class":63},[53,132201,84],{"class":71},[53,132203,3406],{"class":75},[53,132205,1032],{"class":71},[53,132207,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132209,137],{"class":136},[53,132211,121],{"class":67},[53,132213,34254],{"class":117},[53,132215,37],{"class":67},[53,132217,118],{"class":117},[53,132219,121],{"class":67},[53,132221,72],{"class":71},[53,132223,21622],{"class":75},[53,132225,72],{"class":71},[53,132227,628],{"class":67},[20,132229,388],{},[44,132231,132233],{"className":46,"code":132232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132234,132235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132236,132237,132239,132241,132244,132246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132238,36],{"class":1320},[53,132240,171],{"class":67},[53,132242,132243],{"class":59}," substring ",[53,132245,1112],{"class":63},[53,132247,1115],{"class":59},[20,132249,52881,132250,125704,132255,132257],{},[195,132251,132252],{"href":129382},[15,132253,132254],{},"str.find()",[15,132256,1144],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132259,132260,132261,667,132263,171],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132262,29348],{},[15,132264,29379],{},[44,132266,132268],{"className":46,"code":132267,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132269,132270,132282,132286,132292,132315,132325,132333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132271,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132273,34233],{"class":59},[53,132275,64],{"class":63},[53,132277,84],{"class":71},[53,132279,3406],{"class":75},[53,132281,1032],{"class":71},[53,132283,132284],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132285,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,132287,132288,132290],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132289,29348],{"class":1041},[53,132291,1053],{"class":67},[53,132293,132294,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,132295,132296],{"class":59},"    position ",[53,132298,64],{"class":63},[53,132300,42384],{"class":59},[53,132302,37],{"class":67},[53,132304,118],{"class":117},[53,132306,121],{"class":67},[53,132308,72],{"class":71},[53,132310,21622],{"class":75},[53,132312,72],{"class":71},[53,132314,130],{"class":67},[53,132316,132317,132319,132321,132323],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,132318,1058],{"class":136},[53,132320,121],{"class":67},[53,132322,142],{"class":117},[53,132324,130],{"class":67},[53,132326,132327,132329,132331],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,132328,29379],{"class":1041},[53,132330,41468],{"class":1320},[53,132332,1053],{"class":67},[53,132334,132335,132337,132339,132341,132344,132346],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,132336,1058],{"class":136},[53,132338,121],{"class":67},[53,132340,72],{"class":71},[53,132342,132343],{"class":75},"Substring not found",[53,132345,72],{"class":71},[53,132347,130],{"class":67},[20,132349,132350],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132352,41488,132353,37],{},[195,132354,25225,132356],{"href":132355},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132357,128709],{},[39,132359,132361,10136,132363],{"id":132360},"index-vs-find",[15,132362,17],{},[15,132364,123733],{},[20,132366,132367,667,132369,132371],{},[15,132368,17],{},[15,132370,123733],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1418,132373,132374],{"id":118},[15,132375,17],{},[173,132377,132378,132381],{},[176,132379,132380],{},"Returns the first match position",[176,132382,132383],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[44,132385,132387],{"className":46,"code":132386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132388,132389,132401,132425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132390,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132392,34233],{"class":59},[53,132394,64],{"class":63},[53,132396,84],{"class":71},[53,132398,3406],{"class":75},[53,132400,1032],{"class":71},[53,132402,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132404,137],{"class":136},[53,132406,121],{"class":67},[53,132408,34254],{"class":117},[53,132410,37],{"class":67},[53,132412,118],{"class":117},[53,132414,121],{"class":67},[53,132416,72],{"class":71},[53,132418,59979],{"class":75},[53,132420,72],{"class":71},[53,132422,762],{"class":67},[53,132424,149],{"class":148},[53,132426,132427],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132428,132429],{"class":148},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1418,132431,132432],{"id":127763},[15,132433,123733],{},[173,132435,132436,132438],{},[176,132437,132380],{},[176,132439,10973,132440,132442],{},[15,132441,1144],{}," if nothing is found",[44,132444,132446],{"className":46,"code":132445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132447,132448,132460,132484],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132449,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132451,34233],{"class":59},[53,132453,64],{"class":63},[53,132455,84],{"class":71},[53,132457,3406],{"class":75},[53,132459,1032],{"class":71},[53,132461,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132463,137],{"class":136},[53,132465,121],{"class":67},[53,132467,34254],{"class":117},[53,132469,37],{"class":67},[53,132471,127763],{"class":117},[53,132473,121],{"class":67},[53,132475,72],{"class":71},[53,132477,59979],{"class":75},[53,132479,72],{"class":71},[53,132481,762],{"class":67},[53,132483,149],{"class":148},[53,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132487,137],{"class":136},[53,132489,121],{"class":67},[53,132491,34254],{"class":117},[53,132493,37],{"class":67},[53,132495,127763],{"class":117},[53,132497,121],{"class":67},[53,132499,72],{"class":71},[53,132501,21622],{"class":75},[53,132503,72],{"class":71},[53,132505,762],{"class":67},[53,132507,128119],{"class":148},[20,132509,152,132510,132512],{},[15,132511,17],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132514,152,132515,132517],{},[15,132516,123733],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132519,132520,132521,2438,132526,37],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[195,132522,132523,132525],{"href":129382},[15,132524,132254],{}," method reference",[195,132527,126774],{"href":132528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[39,132530,2389],{"id":2388},[20,132532,132533,132534,171],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132535,17],{},[173,132537,132538,132541,132548,132553,132558],{},[176,132539,132540],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[176,132542,8001,132543,8004,132545,132547],{},[15,132544,17],{},[15,132546,1144],{}," when no match exists",[176,132549,664,132550,132552],{},[15,132551,17],{}," on a value that may not be present",[176,132554,132555,132556],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132557,517],{},[176,132559,4136,132560,132562],{},[15,132561,17],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132564,61827],{},[44,132566,132568],{"className":46,"code":132567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132569,132570,132580,132594,132616,132638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132571,132572,132574,132576,132578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132573,137],{"class":136},[53,132575,121],{"class":67},[53,132577,34254],{"class":117},[53,132579,130],{"class":67},[53,132581,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132583,137],{"class":136},[53,132585,121],{"class":67},[53,132587,41321],{"class":136},[53,132589,121],{"class":67},[53,132591,34254],{"class":117},[53,132593,628],{"class":67},[53,132595,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132597,137],{"class":136},[53,132599,121],{"class":67},[53,132601,34254],{"class":117},[53,132603,37],{"class":67},[53,132605,118],{"class":117},[53,132607,121],{"class":67},[53,132609,72],{"class":71},[53,132611,224],{"class":75},[53,132613,72],{"class":71},[53,132615,628],{"class":67},[53,132617,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,132619,137],{"class":136},[53,132621,121],{"class":67},[53,132623,34254],{"class":117},[53,132625,37],{"class":67},[53,132627,127763],{"class":117},[53,132629,121],{"class":67},[53,132631,72],{"class":71},[53,132633,224],{"class":75},[53,132635,72],{"class":71},[53,132637,628],{"class":67},[53,132639,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,132641,137],{"class":136},[53,132643,121],{"class":67},[53,132645,34254],{"class":117},[53,132647,37],{"class":67},[53,132649,118],{"class":117},[53,132651,121],{"class":67},[53,132653,72],{"class":71},[53,132655,224],{"class":75},[53,132657,72],{"class":71},[53,132659,81],{"class":67},[53,132661,251],{"class":117},[53,132663,81],{"class":67},[53,132665,256],{"class":117},[53,132667,628],{"class":67},[20,132669,132670],{},"Tips:",[173,132672,132673,132678,132683,132686],{},[176,132674,152,132675,132677],{},[15,132676,125660],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[176,132679,152,132680,132682],{},[15,132681,123733],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[176,132684,132685],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[176,132687,132688,132689],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132690,187],{},[39,132692,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,132694,129242,132696,12267],{"id":132695},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132697,17],{},[20,132699,132700],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1418,132702,132704],{"id":132703},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132706,76241,132707,37],{},[15,132708,36],{},[1418,132710,4731,132712,667,132714,1459],{"id":132711},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132713,17],{},[15,132715,123733],{},[20,132717,132718,132720,132721,532,132723,1442],{},[15,132719,17],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132722,123733],{},[15,132724,1144],{},[1418,132726,1446,132728,132730],{"id":132727},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132729,17],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132732,132733],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1418,132735,132737,132738,124074],{"id":132736},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132739,17],{},[20,132741,129267],{},[39,132743,1471],{"id":1470},[173,132745,132746,132752,132756,132761,132767],{},[176,132747,132748],{},[195,132749,132750,660],{"href":129382},[15,132751,132254],{},[176,132753,132754],{},[195,132755,124137],{"href":132528},[176,132757,132758],{},[195,132759,129343],{"href":132760},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[176,132762,132763],{},[195,132764,132765,660],{"href":124188},[15,132766,58124],{},[176,132768,132769],{},[195,132770,29892,132771],{"href":132355},[15,132772,128709],{},[1494,132774,132775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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causes an error",{"id":132360,"depth":104,"text":132787,"children":132788},"index() vs find()",[132789,132790],{"id":118,"depth":133,"text":17},{"id":127763,"depth":133,"text":123733},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":132793},[132794,132796,132797,132799,132801],{"id":132695,"depth":133,"text":132795},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132703,"depth":133,"text":132704},{"id":132711,"depth":133,"text":132798},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132727,"depth":133,"text":132800},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132736,"depth":133,"text":132802},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131323,"description":132804},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132811,"title":132812,"body":132813,"description":135588,"extension":1524,"meta":135589,"navigation":372,"path":135590,"seo":135591,"stem":135592,"__hash__":135593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132814,"toc":135524},[132815,132821,132826,132829,132832,132843,132845,132914,132916,132930,132935,132940,132945,132947,132990,132992,133075,133077,133123,133129,133131,133133,133153,133155,133178,133180,133254,133256,133275,133280,133282,133286,133358,133360,133374,133378,133454,133456,133475,133479,133573,133575,133584,133591,133667,133669,133687,133691,133694,133701,133750,133752,133761,133768,133827,133829,133847,133850,133857,133916,133918,133936,133943,134000,134002,134011,134015,134020,134024,134083,134085,134103,134107,134154,134159,134162,134231,134233,134250,134257,134263,134318,134323,134326,134403,134405,134423,134429,134435,134495,134497,134516,134522,134525,134532,134585,134590,134592,134653,134662,134669,134671,134728,134733,134735,134806,134810,134865,134867,134876,134881,134887,134956,134958,134990,134996,135004,135011,135017,135082,135084,135093,135099,135180,135182,135191,135196,135210,135217,135221,135226,135254,135256,135389,135392,135429,135431,135437,135446,135451,135454,135459,135464,135470,135473,135482,135485,135487,135516,135521],[10,132816,122738,132818,18],{"id":132817},"python-string-join-method",[15,132819,132820],{},"join()",[20,132822,122743,132823,132825],{},[15,132824,132820],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132827,132828],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132830,132831],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[173,132833,132834,132840],{},[176,132835,132836,132837,132839],{},"You call ",[15,132838,132820],{}," on the separator string",[176,132841,132842],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[39,132844,42],{"id":41},[44,132846,132848],{"className":46,"code":132847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132849,132850,132883,132904],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132851,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132879,132881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132853,3631],{"class":59},[53,132855,64],{"class":63},[53,132857,68],{"class":67},[53,132859,72],{"class":71},[53,132861,6848],{"class":75},[53,132863,72],{"class":71},[53,132865,81],{"class":67},[53,132867,84],{"class":71},[53,132869,11745],{"class":75},[53,132871,72],{"class":71},[53,132873,81],{"class":67},[53,132875,84],{"class":71},[53,132877,132878],{"class":75},"fun",[53,132880,72],{"class":71},[53,132882,101],{"class":67},[53,132884,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895,132898,132900,132902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132886,351],{"class":59},[53,132888,64],{"class":63},[53,132890,84],{"class":71},[53,132892,84],{"class":71},[53,132894,37],{"class":67},[53,132896,132897],{"class":117},"join",[53,132899,121],{"class":67},[53,132901,3672],{"class":117},[53,132903,130],{"class":67},[53,132905,132906,132908,132910,132912],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,132907,137],{"class":136},[53,132909,121],{"class":67},[53,132911,383],{"class":117},[53,132913,130],{"class":67},[20,132915,388],{},[44,132917,132919],{"className":46,"code":132918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is fun\n",[15,132920,132921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132922,132923,132925,132927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132924,3138],{"class":59},[53,132926,11745],{"class":63},[53,132928,132929],{"class":59}," fun\n",[20,132931,152,132932,132934],{},[15,132933,132820],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[39,132936,163,132938,166],{"id":132937},"what-join-does",[15,132939,132820],{},[20,132941,132942,132944],{},[15,132943,132820],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132946,11008],{},[173,132948,132949,132956,132984,132987],{},[176,132950,132951,132952,132955],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132953,132954],{},".join()"," as the separator",[176,132957,132958,132959],{},"Common separators are:\n",[173,132960,132961,132967,132973,132979],{},[176,132962,132963,132966],{},[15,132964,132965],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[176,132968,132969,132972],{},[15,132970,132971],{},"\", \""," for commas",[176,132974,132975,132978],{},[15,132976,132977],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[176,132980,132981,132983],{},[15,132982,5824],{}," for no separator",[176,132985,132986],{},"It returns a new string",[176,132988,132989],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132991,316],{},[44,132993,132995],{"className":46,"code":132994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132996,132997,133029,133051,133055,133065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132998,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133000,3631],{"class":59},[53,133002,64],{"class":63},[53,133004,68],{"class":67},[53,133006,72],{"class":71},[53,133008,570],{"class":75},[53,133010,72],{"class":71},[53,133012,81],{"class":67},[53,133014,84],{"class":71},[53,133016,596],{"class":75},[53,133018,72],{"class":71},[53,133020,81],{"class":67},[53,133022,84],{"class":71},[53,133024,579],{"class":75},[53,133026,72],{"class":71},[53,133028,101],{"class":67},[53,133030,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133032,351],{"class":59},[53,133034,64],{"class":63},[53,133036,84],{"class":71},[53,133038,891],{"class":75},[53,133040,72],{"class":71},[53,133042,37],{"class":67},[53,133044,132897],{"class":117},[53,133046,121],{"class":67},[53,133048,3672],{"class":117},[53,133050,130],{"class":67},[53,133052,133053],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133054,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133056,133057,133059,133061,133063],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133058,137],{"class":136},[53,133060,121],{"class":67},[53,133062,383],{"class":117},[53,133064,130],{"class":67},[53,133066,133067,133069,133071,133073],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,133068,137],{"class":136},[53,133070,121],{"class":67},[53,133072,3672],{"class":117},[53,133074,130],{"class":67},[20,133076,388],{},[44,133078,133080],{"className":46,"code":133079,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133081,133082,133095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133083,133084,133086,133088,133091,133093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133085,570],{"class":59},[53,133087,81],{"class":67},[53,133089,133090],{"class":59}," green",[53,133092,81],{"class":67},[53,133094,35427],{"class":59},[53,133096,133097,133099,133101,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133098,1226],{"class":67},[53,133100,2862],{"class":71},[53,133102,570],{"class":75},[53,133104,2862],{"class":71},[53,133106,81],{"class":67},[53,133108,2857],{"class":71},[53,133110,596],{"class":75},[53,133112,2862],{"class":71},[53,133114,81],{"class":67},[53,133116,2857],{"class":71},[53,133118,579],{"class":75},[53,133120,2862],{"class":71},[53,133122,101],{"class":67},[20,133124,133125,133126,133128],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133127,132820],{}," creates a new string.",[39,133130,202],{"id":201},[20,133132,6769],{},[44,133134,133136],{"className":46,"code":133135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133137,133138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133139,133140,133143,133145,133147,133149,133151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133141,133142],{"class":59},"separator",[53,133144,37],{"class":67},[53,133146,132897],{"class":117},[53,133148,121],{"class":67},[53,133150,3280],{"class":117},[53,133152,130],{"class":67},[1418,133154,48552],{"id":48551},[173,133156,133157,133170,133175],{},[176,133158,133159,133161,133162,891,133164,891,133166,1754,133168],{},[15,133160,133142],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133163,132965],{},[15,133165,132971],{},[15,133167,132977],{},[15,133169,5824],{},[176,133171,133172,133174],{},[15,133173,3280],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[176,133176,133177],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133179,316],{},[44,133181,133183],{"className":46,"code":133182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133184,133185,133217,133240,133244],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133186,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133188,4549],{"class":59},[53,133190,64],{"class":63},[53,133192,68],{"class":67},[53,133194,72],{"class":71},[53,133196,12432],{"class":75},[53,133198,72],{"class":71},[53,133200,81],{"class":67},[53,133202,84],{"class":71},[53,133204,35487],{"class":75},[53,133206,72],{"class":71},[53,133208,81],{"class":67},[53,133210,84],{"class":71},[53,133212,35496],{"class":75},[53,133214,72],{"class":71},[53,133216,101],{"class":67},[53,133218,133219,133221,133223,133225,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133220,351],{"class":59},[53,133222,64],{"class":63},[53,133224,84],{"class":71},[53,133226,133227],{"class":75}," | ",[53,133229,72],{"class":71},[53,133231,37],{"class":67},[53,133233,132897],{"class":117},[53,133235,121],{"class":67},[53,133237,4593],{"class":117},[53,133239,130],{"class":67},[53,133241,133242],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133243,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133245,133246,133248,133250,133252],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133247,137],{"class":136},[53,133249,121],{"class":67},[53,133251,383],{"class":117},[53,133253,130],{"class":67},[20,133255,388],{},[44,133257,133259],{"className":46,"code":133258,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133260,133261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133262,133263,133266,133268,133271,133273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133264,133265],{"class":59},"Ana ",[53,133267,113245],{"class":63},[53,133269,133270],{"class":59}," Ben ",[53,133272,113245],{"class":63},[53,133274,35568],{"class":59},[20,133276,133277,133278,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[195,133279,124493],{"href":50518},[39,133281,121269],{"id":121268},[1418,133283,133285],{"id":133284},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[44,133287,133289],{"className":46,"code":133288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133290,133291,133324,133344,133348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133292,133293,133295,133297,133299,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133320,133322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133294,3631],{"class":59},[53,133296,64],{"class":63},[53,133298,68],{"class":67},[53,133300,72],{"class":71},[53,133302,6848],{"class":75},[53,133304,72],{"class":71},[53,133306,81],{"class":67},[53,133308,84],{"class":71},[53,133310,11745],{"class":75},[53,133312,72],{"class":71},[53,133314,81],{"class":67},[53,133316,84],{"class":71},[53,133318,133319],{"class":75},"easy",[53,133321,72],{"class":71},[53,133323,101],{"class":67},[53,133325,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133327,351],{"class":59},[53,133329,64],{"class":63},[53,133331,84],{"class":71},[53,133333,84],{"class":71},[53,133335,37],{"class":67},[53,133337,132897],{"class":117},[53,133339,121],{"class":67},[53,133341,3672],{"class":117},[53,133343,130],{"class":67},[53,133345,133346],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133347,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133349,133350,133352,133354,133356],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133351,137],{"class":136},[53,133353,121],{"class":67},[53,133355,383],{"class":117},[53,133357,130],{"class":67},[20,133359,388],{},[44,133361,133363],{"className":46,"code":133362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is easy\n",[15,133364,133365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133366,133367,133369,133371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133368,3138],{"class":59},[53,133370,11745],{"class":63},[53,133372,133373],{"class":59}," easy\n",[1418,133375,133377],{"id":133376},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[44,133379,133381],{"className":46,"code":133380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133382,133383,133418,133440,133444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133384,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133396,133398,133400,133402,133405,133407,133409,133411,133414,133416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133386,60],{"class":59},[53,133388,64],{"class":63},[53,133390,68],{"class":67},[53,133392,72],{"class":71},[53,133394,133395],{"class":75},"apples",[53,133397,72],{"class":71},[53,133399,81],{"class":67},[53,133401,84],{"class":71},[53,133403,133404],{"class":75},"bananas",[53,133406,72],{"class":71},[53,133408,81],{"class":67},[53,133410,84],{"class":71},[53,133412,133413],{"class":75},"oranges",[53,133415,72],{"class":71},[53,133417,101],{"class":67},[53,133419,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133421,351],{"class":59},[53,133423,64],{"class":63},[53,133425,84],{"class":71},[53,133427,891],{"class":75},[53,133429,72],{"class":71},[53,133431,37],{"class":67},[53,133433,132897],{"class":117},[53,133435,121],{"class":67},[53,133437,956],{"class":117},[53,133439,130],{"class":67},[53,133441,133442],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133443,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133445,133446,133448,133450,133452],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133447,137],{"class":136},[53,133449,121],{"class":67},[53,133451,383],{"class":117},[53,133453,130],{"class":67},[20,133455,388],{},[44,133457,133459],{"className":46,"code":133458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133460,133461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133462,133463,133465,133467,133470,133472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133464,133395],{"class":59},[53,133466,81],{"class":67},[53,133468,133469],{"class":59}," bananas",[53,133471,81],{"class":67},[53,133473,133474],{"class":59}," oranges\n",[1418,133476,133478],{"id":133477},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[44,133480,133482],{"className":46,"code":133481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133483,133484,133541,133559,133563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133485,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133487,687],{"class":59},[53,133489,64],{"class":63},[53,133491,68],{"class":67},[53,133493,72],{"class":71},[53,133495,133496],{"class":75},"P",[53,133498,72],{"class":71},[53,133500,81],{"class":67},[53,133502,84],{"class":71},[53,133504,11296],{"class":75},[53,133506,72],{"class":71},[53,133508,81],{"class":67},[53,133510,84],{"class":71},[53,133512,62819],{"class":75},[53,133514,72],{"class":71},[53,133516,81],{"class":67},[53,133518,84],{"class":71},[53,133520,59970],{"class":75},[53,133522,72],{"class":71},[53,133524,81],{"class":67},[53,133526,84],{"class":71},[53,133528,60005],{"class":75},[53,133530,72],{"class":71},[53,133532,81],{"class":67},[53,133534,84],{"class":71},[53,133536,75413],{"class":75},[53,133538,72],{"class":71},[53,133540,101],{"class":67},[53,133542,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133544,351],{"class":59},[53,133546,64],{"class":63},[53,133548,5678],{"class":71},[53,133550,37],{"class":67},[53,133552,132897],{"class":117},[53,133554,121],{"class":67},[53,133556,747],{"class":117},[53,133558,130],{"class":67},[53,133560,133561],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133562,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133564,133565,133567,133569,133571],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133566,137],{"class":136},[53,133568,121],{"class":67},[53,133570,383],{"class":117},[53,133572,130],{"class":67},[20,133574,388],{},[44,133576,133578],{"className":46,"code":133577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python\n",[15,133579,133580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133581,133582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133583,133577],{"class":59},[1418,133585,133587,133588,133590],{"id":133586},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133589,132820],{}," returns the result",[44,133592,133594],{"className":46,"code":133593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133595,133596,133629,133652,133656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133597,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133625,133627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133599,3631],{"class":59},[53,133601,64],{"class":63},[53,133603,68],{"class":67},[53,133605,72],{"class":71},[53,133607,6137],{"class":75},[53,133609,72],{"class":71},[53,133611,81],{"class":67},[53,133613,84],{"class":71},[53,133615,78654],{"class":75},[53,133617,72],{"class":71},[53,133619,81],{"class":67},[53,133621,84],{"class":71},[53,133623,133624],{"class":75},"three",[53,133626,72],{"class":71},[53,133628,101],{"class":67},[53,133630,133631,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133632,133633],{"class":59},"joined_text ",[53,133635,64],{"class":63},[53,133637,84],{"class":71},[53,133639,1585],{"class":75},[53,133641,72],{"class":71},[53,133643,37],{"class":67},[53,133645,132897],{"class":117},[53,133647,121],{"class":67},[53,133649,3672],{"class":117},[53,133651,130],{"class":67},[53,133653,133654],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,133655,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,133657,133658,133660,133662,133665],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,133659,137],{"class":136},[53,133661,121],{"class":67},[53,133663,133664],{"class":117},"joined_text",[53,133666,130],{"class":67},[20,133668,388],{},[44,133670,133672],{"className":46,"code":133671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one-two-three\n",[15,133673,133674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133675,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133677,6137],{"class":59},[53,133679,1585],{"class":63},[53,133681,78654],{"class":59},[53,133683,1585],{"class":63},[53,133685,133686],{"class":59},"three\n",[39,133688,133690],{"id":133689},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133692,133693],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1418,133695,133697,133700],{"id":133696},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133698,133699],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[44,133702,133704],{"className":46,"code":133703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133705,133706,133730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133707,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133709,3631],{"class":59},[53,133711,64],{"class":63},[53,133713,68],{"class":67},[53,133715,72],{"class":71},[53,133717,3406],{"class":75},[53,133719,72],{"class":71},[53,133721,81],{"class":67},[53,133723,84],{"class":71},[53,133725,60123],{"class":75},[53,133727,72],{"class":71},[53,133729,101],{"class":67},[53,133731,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133733,137],{"class":136},[53,133735,121],{"class":67},[53,133737,72],{"class":71},[53,133739,84],{"class":71},[53,133741,37],{"class":67},[53,133743,132897],{"class":117},[53,133745,121],{"class":67},[53,133747,3672],{"class":117},[53,133749,628],{"class":67},[20,133751,388],{},[44,133753,133755],{"className":46,"code":133754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n",[15,133756,133757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133758,133759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133760,133754],{"class":59},[1418,133762,133764,133767],{"id":133763},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133765,133766],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[44,133769,133771],{"className":46,"code":133770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133772,133773,133805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133776,561],{"class":59},[53,133778,64],{"class":63},[53,133780,68],{"class":67},[53,133782,72],{"class":71},[53,133784,570],{"class":75},[53,133786,72],{"class":71},[53,133788,81],{"class":67},[53,133790,84],{"class":71},[53,133792,579],{"class":75},[53,133794,72],{"class":71},[53,133796,81],{"class":67},[53,133798,84],{"class":71},[53,133800,596],{"class":75},[53,133802,72],{"class":71},[53,133804,101],{"class":67},[53,133806,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133808,137],{"class":136},[53,133810,121],{"class":67},[53,133812,72],{"class":71},[53,133814,891],{"class":75},[53,133816,72],{"class":71},[53,133818,37],{"class":67},[53,133820,132897],{"class":117},[53,133822,121],{"class":67},[53,133824,613],{"class":117},[53,133826,628],{"class":67},[20,133828,388],{},[44,133830,133832],{"className":46,"code":133831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133833,133834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133835,133836,133838,133840,133843,133845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133837,570],{"class":59},[53,133839,81],{"class":67},[53,133841,133842],{"class":59}," blue",[53,133844,81],{"class":67},[53,133846,35420],{"class":59},[20,133848,133849],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1418,133851,133853,133856],{"id":133852},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133854,133855],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[44,133858,133860],{"className":46,"code":133859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133861,133862,133894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133863,133864,133866,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133865,42379],{"class":59},[53,133867,64],{"class":63},[53,133869,68],{"class":67},[53,133871,72],{"class":71},[53,133873,48],{"class":75},[53,133875,72],{"class":71},[53,133877,81],{"class":67},[53,133879,84],{"class":71},[53,133881,60706],{"class":75},[53,133883,72],{"class":71},[53,133885,81],{"class":67},[53,133887,84],{"class":71},[53,133889,132897],{"class":75},[53,133891,72],{"class":71},[53,133893,101],{"class":67},[53,133895,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133897,137],{"class":136},[53,133899,121],{"class":67},[53,133901,72],{"class":71},[53,133903,1585],{"class":75},[53,133905,72],{"class":71},[53,133907,37],{"class":67},[53,133909,132897],{"class":117},[53,133911,121],{"class":67},[53,133913,42411],{"class":117},[53,133915,628],{"class":67},[20,133917,388],{},[44,133919,133921],{"className":46,"code":133920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python-string-join\n",[15,133922,133923],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133926,48],{"class":59},[53,133928,1585],{"class":63},[53,133930,60706],{"class":59},[53,133932,1585],{"class":63},[53,133934,133935],{"class":59},"join\n",[1418,133937,133939,133942],{"id":133938},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133940,133941],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[44,133944,133946],{"className":46,"code":133945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133947,133948,133981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133949,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133977,133979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133951,112317],{"class":59},[53,133953,64],{"class":63},[53,133955,68],{"class":67},[53,133957,72],{"class":71},[53,133959,21790],{"class":75},[53,133961,72],{"class":71},[53,133963,81],{"class":67},[53,133965,84],{"class":71},[53,133967,30145],{"class":75},[53,133969,72],{"class":71},[53,133971,81],{"class":67},[53,133973,84],{"class":71},[53,133975,133976],{"class":75},"C",[53,133978,72],{"class":71},[53,133980,101],{"class":67},[53,133982,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133998],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133984,137],{"class":136},[53,133986,121],{"class":67},[53,133988,5824],{"class":71},[53,133990,37],{"class":67},[53,133992,132897],{"class":117},[53,133994,121],{"class":67},[53,133996,133997],{"class":117},"chars",[53,133999,628],{"class":67},[20,134001,388],{},[44,134003,134005],{"className":46,"code":134004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ABC\n",[15,134006,134007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134008,134009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134010,134004],{"class":33998},[39,134012,134014],{"id":134013},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134016,134017,134019],{},[15,134018,132820],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1418,134021,134023],{"id":134022},"this-works","This works",[44,134025,134027],{"className":46,"code":134026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134028,134029,134061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134030,134031,134033,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134032,3383],{"class":59},[53,134034,64],{"class":63},[53,134036,68],{"class":67},[53,134038,72],{"class":71},[53,134040,334],{"class":75},[53,134042,72],{"class":71},[53,134044,81],{"class":67},[53,134046,84],{"class":71},[53,134048,365],{"class":75},[53,134050,72],{"class":71},[53,134052,81],{"class":67},[53,134054,84],{"class":71},[53,134056,36384],{"class":75},[53,134058,72],{"class":71},[53,134060,101],{"class":67},[53,134062,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134064,137],{"class":136},[53,134066,121],{"class":67},[53,134068,72],{"class":71},[53,134070,891],{"class":75},[53,134072,72],{"class":71},[53,134074,37],{"class":67},[53,134076,132897],{"class":117},[53,134078,121],{"class":67},[53,134080,4911],{"class":117},[53,134082,628],{"class":67},[20,134084,388],{},[44,134086,134088],{"className":46,"code":134087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134089,134090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134091,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134093,334],{"class":333},[53,134095,81],{"class":67},[53,134097,339],{"class":333},[53,134099,81],{"class":67},[53,134101,134102],{"class":333}," 30\n",[1418,134104,134106],{"id":134105},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[44,134108,134110],{"className":46,"code":134109,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134111,134112,134132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134113,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134115,3383],{"class":59},[53,134117,64],{"class":63},[53,134119,68],{"class":67},[53,134121,517],{"class":333},[53,134123,81],{"class":67},[53,134125,790],{"class":333},[53,134127,81],{"class":67},[53,134129,1269],{"class":333},[53,134131,101],{"class":67},[53,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134135,137],{"class":136},[53,134137,121],{"class":67},[53,134139,72],{"class":71},[53,134141,891],{"class":75},[53,134143,72],{"class":71},[53,134145,37],{"class":67},[53,134147,132897],{"class":117},[53,134149,121],{"class":67},[53,134151,4911],{"class":117},[53,134153,628],{"class":67},[20,134155,89694,134156,134158],{},[15,134157,2565],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134160,134161],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[44,134163,134165],{"className":46,"code":134164,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134166,134167,134187,134217,134221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134168,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134170,3383],{"class":59},[53,134172,64],{"class":63},[53,134174,68],{"class":67},[53,134176,517],{"class":333},[53,134178,81],{"class":67},[53,134180,790],{"class":333},[53,134182,81],{"class":67},[53,134184,1269],{"class":333},[53,134186,101],{"class":67},[53,134188,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134190,351],{"class":59},[53,134192,64],{"class":63},[53,134194,84],{"class":71},[53,134196,891],{"class":75},[53,134198,72],{"class":71},[53,134200,37],{"class":67},[53,134202,132897],{"class":117},[53,134204,121],{"class":67},[53,134206,39401],{"class":136},[53,134208,121],{"class":67},[53,134210,3005],{"class":1320},[53,134212,81],{"class":67},[53,134214,3446],{"class":117},[53,134216,628],{"class":67},[53,134218,134219],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,134220,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,134222,134223,134225,134227,134229],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,134224,137],{"class":136},[53,134226,121],{"class":67},[53,134228,383],{"class":117},[53,134230,130],{"class":67},[20,134232,388],{},[44,134234,134236],{"className":46,"code":134235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134237,134238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134239,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134241,517],{"class":333},[53,134243,81],{"class":67},[53,134245,790],{"class":333},[53,134247,81],{"class":67},[53,134249,2135],{"class":333},[20,134251,134252,134253,37],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[195,134254,3138,134255,3071],{"href":41717},[15,134256,47225],{},[1418,134258,134260,134262],{"id":134259},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134261,3338],{}," values do not work directly",[44,134264,134266],{"className":46,"code":134265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134267,134268,134296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134269,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134271,3383],{"class":59},[53,134273,64],{"class":63},[53,134275,68],{"class":67},[53,134277,72],{"class":71},[53,134279,76],{"class":75},[53,134281,72],{"class":71},[53,134283,81],{"class":67},[53,134285,3414],{"class":3413},[53,134287,81],{"class":67},[53,134289,84],{"class":71},[53,134291,87],{"class":75},[53,134293,72],{"class":71},[53,134295,101],{"class":67},[53,134297,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134299,137],{"class":136},[53,134301,121],{"class":67},[53,134303,72],{"class":71},[53,134305,891],{"class":75},[53,134307,72],{"class":71},[53,134309,37],{"class":67},[53,134311,132897],{"class":117},[53,134313,121],{"class":67},[53,134315,4911],{"class":117},[53,134317,628],{"class":67},[20,134319,134320,134321,37],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134322,2565],{},[20,134324,134325],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[44,134327,134329],{"className":46,"code":134328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134330,134331,134359,134389,134393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134332,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134334,3383],{"class":59},[53,134336,64],{"class":63},[53,134338,68],{"class":67},[53,134340,72],{"class":71},[53,134342,76],{"class":75},[53,134344,72],{"class":71},[53,134346,81],{"class":67},[53,134348,3414],{"class":3413},[53,134350,81],{"class":67},[53,134352,84],{"class":71},[53,134354,87],{"class":75},[53,134356,72],{"class":71},[53,134358,101],{"class":67},[53,134360,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134362,351],{"class":59},[53,134364,64],{"class":63},[53,134366,84],{"class":71},[53,134368,891],{"class":75},[53,134370,72],{"class":71},[53,134372,37],{"class":67},[53,134374,132897],{"class":117},[53,134376,121],{"class":67},[53,134378,39401],{"class":136},[53,134380,121],{"class":67},[53,134382,3005],{"class":1320},[53,134384,81],{"class":67},[53,134386,3446],{"class":117},[53,134388,628],{"class":67},[53,134390,134391],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,134392,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,134394,134395,134397,134399,134401],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,134396,137],{"class":136},[53,134398,121],{"class":67},[53,134400,383],{"class":117},[53,134402,130],{"class":67},[20,134404,388],{},[44,134406,134408],{"className":46,"code":134407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134409,134410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134411,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134413,76],{"class":59},[53,134415,81],{"class":67},[53,134417,3414],{"class":3413},[53,134419,81],{"class":67},[53,134421,134422],{"class":59}," banana\n",[20,134424,134425,134426,134428],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134427,3338],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1418,134430,134432,134434],{"id":134431},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134433,132820],{}," also works with tuples",[44,134436,134438],{"className":46,"code":134437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134439,134440,134472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134441,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134443,4549],{"class":59},[53,134445,64],{"class":63},[53,134447,8787],{"class":67},[53,134449,72],{"class":71},[53,134451,7229],{"class":75},[53,134453,72],{"class":71},[53,134455,81],{"class":67},[53,134457,84],{"class":71},[53,134459,130826],{"class":75},[53,134461,72],{"class":71},[53,134463,81],{"class":67},[53,134465,84],{"class":71},[53,134467,7471],{"class":75},[53,134469,72],{"class":71},[53,134471,130],{"class":67},[53,134473,134474,134476,134478,134480,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134475,137],{"class":136},[53,134477,121],{"class":67},[53,134479,72],{"class":71},[53,134481,134482],{"class":75}," \u002F ",[53,134484,72],{"class":71},[53,134486,37],{"class":67},[53,134488,132897],{"class":117},[53,134490,121],{"class":67},[53,134492,4593],{"class":117},[53,134494,628],{"class":67},[20,134496,388],{},[44,134498,134500],{"className":46,"code":134499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134501,134502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134503,134504,134507,134509,134512,134514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134505,134506],{"class":59},"Sam ",[53,134508,126630],{"class":63},[53,134510,134511],{"class":59}," Lee ",[53,134513,126630],{"class":63},[53,134515,21879],{"class":59},[39,134517,134519,134520],{"id":134518},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134521,132820],{},[20,134523,134524],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1418,134526,134528,134529,134531],{"id":134527},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134530,2565],{}," because not all items are strings",[44,134533,134535],{"className":46,"code":134534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134536,134537,134565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134538,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134540,60],{"class":59},[53,134542,64],{"class":63},[53,134544,68],{"class":67},[53,134546,72],{"class":71},[53,134548,195],{"class":75},[53,134550,72],{"class":71},[53,134552,81],{"class":67},[53,134554,790],{"class":333},[53,134556,81],{"class":67},[53,134558,84],{"class":71},[53,134560,713],{"class":75},[53,134562,72],{"class":71},[53,134564,101],{"class":67},[53,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134568,137],{"class":136},[53,134570,121],{"class":67},[53,134572,72],{"class":71},[53,134574,84],{"class":71},[53,134576,37],{"class":67},[53,134578,132897],{"class":117},[53,134580,121],{"class":67},[53,134582,956],{"class":117},[53,134584,628],{"class":67},[20,134586,48052,134587,134589],{},[15,134588,525],{}," is an integer.",[20,134591,38804],{},[44,134593,134595],{"className":46,"code":134594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134596,134597,134625],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134600,60],{"class":59},[53,134602,64],{"class":63},[53,134604,68],{"class":67},[53,134606,72],{"class":71},[53,134608,195],{"class":75},[53,134610,72],{"class":71},[53,134612,81],{"class":67},[53,134614,790],{"class":333},[53,134616,81],{"class":67},[53,134618,84],{"class":71},[53,134620,713],{"class":75},[53,134622,72],{"class":71},[53,134624,101],{"class":67},[53,134626,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134628,137],{"class":136},[53,134630,121],{"class":67},[53,134632,72],{"class":71},[53,134634,84],{"class":71},[53,134636,37],{"class":67},[53,134638,132897],{"class":117},[53,134640,121],{"class":67},[53,134642,39401],{"class":136},[53,134644,121],{"class":67},[53,134646,3005],{"class":1320},[53,134648,81],{"class":67},[53,134650,112],{"class":117},[53,134652,2472],{"class":67},[20,134654,134655,134656,37],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[195,134657,25225,134659],{"href":134658},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134660,134661],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1418,134663,134665,134666,134668],{"id":134664},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134667,132820],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134670,4082],{},[44,134672,134674],{"className":46,"code":134673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134675,134676,134708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134679,3631],{"class":59},[53,134681,64],{"class":63},[53,134683,68],{"class":67},[53,134685,72],{"class":71},[53,134687,6848],{"class":75},[53,134689,72],{"class":71},[53,134691,81],{"class":67},[53,134693,84],{"class":71},[53,134695,11745],{"class":75},[53,134697,72],{"class":71},[53,134699,81],{"class":67},[53,134701,84],{"class":71},[53,134703,132878],{"class":75},[53,134705,72],{"class":71},[53,134707,101],{"class":67},[53,134709,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134711,351],{"class":59},[53,134713,64],{"class":63},[53,134715,5720],{"class":59},[53,134717,37],{"class":67},[53,134719,132897],{"class":117},[53,134721,121],{"class":67},[53,134723,72],{"class":71},[53,134725,84],{"class":71},[53,134727,130],{"class":67},[20,134729,134730,134732],{},[15,134731,132820],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134734,10357],{},[44,134736,134738],{"className":46,"code":134737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134739,134740,134772,134792,134796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134741,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134743,3631],{"class":59},[53,134745,64],{"class":63},[53,134747,68],{"class":67},[53,134749,72],{"class":71},[53,134751,6848],{"class":75},[53,134753,72],{"class":71},[53,134755,81],{"class":67},[53,134757,84],{"class":71},[53,134759,11745],{"class":75},[53,134761,72],{"class":71},[53,134763,81],{"class":67},[53,134765,84],{"class":71},[53,134767,132878],{"class":75},[53,134769,72],{"class":71},[53,134771,101],{"class":67},[53,134773,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134775,351],{"class":59},[53,134777,64],{"class":63},[53,134779,84],{"class":71},[53,134781,84],{"class":71},[53,134783,37],{"class":67},[53,134785,132897],{"class":117},[53,134787,121],{"class":67},[53,134789,3672],{"class":117},[53,134791,130],{"class":67},[53,134793,134794],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,134795,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,134799,137],{"class":136},[53,134801,121],{"class":67},[53,134803,383],{"class":117},[53,134805,130],{"class":67},[1418,134807,134809],{"id":134808},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[44,134811,134813],{"className":46,"code":134812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134814,134815,134847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134816,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134818,3631],{"class":59},[53,134820,64],{"class":63},[53,134822,68],{"class":67},[53,134824,72],{"class":71},[53,134826,6137],{"class":75},[53,134828,72],{"class":71},[53,134830,81],{"class":67},[53,134832,84],{"class":71},[53,134834,78654],{"class":75},[53,134836,72],{"class":71},[53,134838,81],{"class":67},[53,134840,84],{"class":71},[53,134842,133624],{"class":75},[53,134844,72],{"class":71},[53,134846,101],{"class":67},[53,134848,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134850,137],{"class":136},[53,134852,121],{"class":67},[53,134854,5824],{"class":71},[53,134856,37],{"class":67},[53,134858,132897],{"class":117},[53,134860,121],{"class":67},[53,134862,3672],{"class":117},[53,134864,628],{"class":67},[20,134866,388],{},[44,134868,134870],{"className":46,"code":134869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"onetwothree\n",[15,134871,134872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134873,134874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134875,134869],{"class":59},[20,134877,134878,134879,1442],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134880,132965],{},[1418,134882,134884,134885,131088],{"id":134883},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134886,132820],{},[44,134888,134890],{"className":46,"code":134889,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134891,134892,134924,134942,134946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134893,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134895,3631],{"class":59},[53,134897,64],{"class":63},[53,134899,68],{"class":67},[53,134901,72],{"class":71},[53,134903,195],{"class":75},[53,134905,72],{"class":71},[53,134907,81],{"class":67},[53,134909,84],{"class":71},[53,134911,704],{"class":75},[53,134913,72],{"class":71},[53,134915,81],{"class":67},[53,134917,84],{"class":71},[53,134919,713],{"class":75},[53,134921,72],{"class":71},[53,134923,101],{"class":67},[53,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134927,72],{"class":42871},[53,134929,1585],{"class":42875},[53,134931,72],{"class":42871},[53,134933,37],{"class":67},[53,134935,132897],{"class":117},[53,134937,121],{"class":67},[53,134939,3672],{"class":117},[53,134941,130],{"class":67},[53,134943,134944],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,134945,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,134947,134948,134950,134952,134954],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,134949,137],{"class":136},[53,134951,121],{"class":67},[53,134953,3672],{"class":117},[53,134955,130],{"class":67},[20,134957,388],{},[44,134959,134960],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,134961,134962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134963,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134965,1226],{"class":67},[53,134967,2862],{"class":71},[53,134969,195],{"class":75},[53,134971,2862],{"class":71},[53,134973,81],{"class":67},[53,134975,2857],{"class":71},[53,134977,704],{"class":75},[53,134979,2862],{"class":71},[53,134981,81],{"class":67},[53,134983,2857],{"class":71},[53,134985,713],{"class":75},[53,134987,2862],{"class":71},[53,134989,101],{"class":67},[20,134991,134992,134993,134995],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134994,132820],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[39,134997,134999,135001,135002],{"id":134998},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135000,132820],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135003,1622],{},[20,135005,10141,135006,667,135008,135010],{},[15,135007,132820],{},[15,135009,1622],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1418,135012,152,135014,135016],{"id":135013},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135015,1622],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[44,135018,135020],{"className":46,"code":135019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135021,135022,135035,135048,135068,135072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135023,135024,135027,135029,135031,135033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135025,135026],{"class":59},"first ",[53,135028,64],{"class":63},[53,135030,84],{"class":71},[53,135032,34413],{"class":75},[53,135034,1032],{"class":71},[53,135036,135037,135040,135042,135044,135046],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135038,135039],{"class":59},"second ",[53,135041,64],{"class":63},[53,135043,84],{"class":71},[53,135045,89123],{"class":75},[53,135047,1032],{"class":71},[53,135049,135050,135052,135054,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135051,351],{"class":59},[53,135053,64],{"class":63},[53,135055,135056],{"class":59}," first ",[53,135058,1622],{"class":63},[53,135060,84],{"class":71},[53,135062,84],{"class":71},[53,135064,2013],{"class":63},[53,135066,135067],{"class":59}," second\n",[53,135069,135070],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135071,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135073,135074,135076,135078,135080],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,135075,137],{"class":136},[53,135077,121],{"class":67},[53,135079,383],{"class":117},[53,135081,130],{"class":67},[20,135083,388],{},[44,135085,135087],{"className":46,"code":135086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello World\n",[15,135088,135089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135090,135091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135092,135086],{"class":59},[1418,135094,152,135096,135098],{"id":135095},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135097,132820],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[44,135100,135102],{"className":46,"code":135101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135103,135104,135146,135166,135170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135105,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135125,135127,135129,135131,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135107,3631],{"class":59},[53,135109,64],{"class":63},[53,135111,68],{"class":67},[53,135113,72],{"class":71},[53,135115,6848],{"class":75},[53,135117,72],{"class":71},[53,135119,81],{"class":67},[53,135121,84],{"class":71},[53,135123,135124],{"class":75},"makes",[53,135126,72],{"class":71},[53,135128,81],{"class":67},[53,135130,84],{"class":71},[53,135132,135133],{"class":75},"this",[53,135135,72],{"class":71},[53,135137,81],{"class":67},[53,135139,84],{"class":71},[53,135141,133319],{"class":75},[53,135143,72],{"class":71},[53,135145,101],{"class":67},[53,135147,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135149,351],{"class":59},[53,135151,64],{"class":63},[53,135153,84],{"class":71},[53,135155,84],{"class":71},[53,135157,37],{"class":67},[53,135159,132897],{"class":117},[53,135161,121],{"class":67},[53,135163,3672],{"class":117},[53,135165,130],{"class":67},[53,135167,135168],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135169,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135171,135172,135174,135176,135178],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135173,137],{"class":136},[53,135175,121],{"class":67},[53,135177,383],{"class":117},[53,135179,130],{"class":67},[20,135181,388],{},[44,135183,135185],{"className":46,"code":135184,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135186,135187],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135188,135189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135190,135184],{"class":59},[20,135192,135193,135195],{},[15,135194,132820],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[173,135197,135198,135201,135204],{},[176,135199,135200],{},"You already have a list of strings",[176,135202,135203],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[176,135205,135206,135207,135209],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135208,1622],{}," operators",[20,135211,135212,135213,37],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[195,135214,135216],{"href":135215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[39,135218,135220],{"id":135219},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135222,8425,135223,135225],{},[15,135224,132820],{}," is not working, check these first:",[173,135227,135228,135231,135236,135245,135251],{},[176,135229,135230],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[176,135232,135233,135234],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135235,3338],{},[176,135237,135238,135239,1175,135242],{},"You may have written ",[15,135240,135241],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135243,135244],{},"string.join(...)",[176,135246,135247,135248,135250],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135249,132820],{}," to change the original iterable",[176,135252,135253],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135255,93763],{},[44,135257,135259],{"className":46,"code":135258,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135260,135261,135275,135285,135309,135349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135262,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135264,137],{"class":136},[53,135266,121],{"class":67},[53,135268,1321],{"class":1320},[53,135270,121],{"class":67},[53,135272,956],{"class":117},[53,135274,628],{"class":67},[53,135276,135277,135279,135281,135283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135278,137],{"class":136},[53,135280,121],{"class":67},[53,135282,956],{"class":117},[53,135284,130],{"class":67},[53,135286,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135288,137],{"class":136},[53,135290,2546],{"class":67},[53,135292,1321],{"class":1320},[53,135294,121],{"class":67},[53,135296,22856],{"class":117},[53,135298,145],{"class":67},[53,135300,3438],{"class":1041},[53,135302,5513],{"class":117},[53,135304,1048],{"class":1041},[53,135306,112],{"class":117},[53,135308,3449],{"class":67},[53,135310,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135312,137],{"class":136},[53,135314,121],{"class":67},[53,135316,2862],{"class":71},[53,135318,2857],{"class":71},[53,135320,37],{"class":67},[53,135322,132897],{"class":117},[53,135324,2546],{"class":67},[53,135326,2862],{"class":71},[53,135328,195],{"class":75},[53,135330,2862],{"class":71},[53,135332,81],{"class":67},[53,135334,2857],{"class":71},[53,135336,704],{"class":75},[53,135338,2862],{"class":71},[53,135340,81],{"class":67},[53,135342,2857],{"class":71},[53,135344,713],{"class":75},[53,135346,2862],{"class":71},[53,135348,2559],{"class":67},[53,135350,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,135352,137],{"class":136},[53,135354,121],{"class":67},[53,135356,2862],{"class":71},[53,135358,891],{"class":75},[53,135360,2862],{"class":71},[53,135362,37],{"class":67},[53,135364,132897],{"class":117},[53,135366,121],{"class":67},[53,135368,39401],{"class":136},[53,135370,121],{"class":67},[53,135372,3005],{"class":1320},[53,135374,81],{"class":67},[53,135376,68],{"class":67},[53,135378,517],{"class":333},[53,135380,81],{"class":67},[53,135382,790],{"class":333},[53,135384,81],{"class":67},[53,135386,1269],{"class":333},[53,135388,36808],{"class":67},[20,135390,135391],{},"What these checks do:",[173,135393,135394,135402,135408,135414,135423],{},[176,135395,135396,135399,135400,7646],{},[15,135397,135398],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135401,956],{},[176,135403,135404,135407],{},[15,135405,135406],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[176,135409,135410,135413],{},[15,135411,135412],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[176,135415,135416,135419,135420,135422],{},[15,135417,135418],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135421,132820],{}," behavior",[176,135424,135425,135428],{},[15,135426,135427],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[39,135430,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,135432,1431,135434,135436],{"id":135433},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135435,132820],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135438,135439,135440,135442,135443,37],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135441,132820],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135444,135445],{},"map(str, values)",[1418,135447,1431,135449,56699],{"id":135448},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135450,132820],{},[20,135452,135453],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1418,135455,27872,135457,62167],{"id":135456},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135458,132820],{},[20,135460,41694,135461,135463],{},[15,135462,132820],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1418,135465,1421,135467,39502],{"id":135466},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135468,135469],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135471,135472],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1418,135474,135476,135477,135479,135480,1459],{"id":135475},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135478,2565],{}," when using ",[15,135481,132820],{},[20,135483,135484],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[39,135486,1471],{"id":1470},[173,135488,135489,135494,135500,135506,135512],{},[176,135490,135491],{},[195,135492,135493],{"href":135215},"How to join strings in Python",[176,135495,135496],{},[195,135497,125738,135498,660],{"href":128425},[15,135499,60063],{},[176,135501,135502],{},[195,135503,3138,135504,3071],{"href":41717},[15,135505,47225],{},[176,135507,135508],{},[195,135509,29892,135510],{"href":134658},[15,135511,134661],{},[176,135513,135514],{},[195,135515,124493],{"href":50518},[20,135517,96733,135518,135520],{},[15,135519,132820],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1494,135522,135523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":135525},[135526,135527,135529,135532,135539,135549,135557,135567,135574,135575,135587],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":132937,"depth":104,"text":135528},"What join() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":135530},[135531],{"id":48551,"depth":133,"text":48552},{"id":121268,"depth":104,"text":121269,"children":135533},[135534,135535,135536,135537],{"id":133284,"depth":133,"text":133285},{"id":133376,"depth":133,"text":133377},{"id":133477,"depth":133,"text":133478},{"id":133586,"depth":133,"text":135538},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133689,"depth":104,"text":133690,"children":135540},[135541,135543,135545,135547],{"id":133696,"depth":133,"text":135542},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133763,"depth":133,"text":135544},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133852,"depth":133,"text":135546},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133938,"depth":133,"text":135548},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134013,"depth":104,"text":134014,"children":135550},[135551,135552,135553,135555],{"id":134022,"depth":133,"text":134023},{"id":134105,"depth":133,"text":134106},{"id":134259,"depth":133,"text":135554},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134431,"depth":133,"text":135556},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134518,"depth":104,"text":135558,"children":135559},"Common errors with join()",[135560,135562,135564,135565],{"id":134527,"depth":133,"text":135561},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134664,"depth":133,"text":135563},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134808,"depth":133,"text":134809},{"id":134883,"depth":133,"text":135566},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134998,"depth":104,"text":135568,"children":135569},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135570,135572],{"id":135013,"depth":133,"text":135571},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135095,"depth":133,"text":135573},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135219,"depth":104,"text":135220},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":135576},[135577,135579,135581,135583,135585],{"id":135433,"depth":133,"text":135578},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135448,"depth":133,"text":135580},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135456,"depth":133,"text":135582},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135466,"depth":133,"text":135584},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135475,"depth":133,"text":135586},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132812,"description":135588},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135595,"title":135596,"body":135597,"description":137165,"extension":1524,"meta":137166,"navigation":372,"path":137167,"seo":137168,"stem":137169,"__hash__":137170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135598,"toc":137132},[135599,135604,135609,135611,135625,135670,135677,135682,135687,135689,135705,135714,135716,135718,135733,135735,135745,135747,135809,135811,135814,135875,135877,135893,135895,135908,135911,135958,135960,135966,135969,135972,136032,136040,136126,136130,136135,136137,136151,136154,136239,136242,136300,136311,136366,136368,136375,136381,136387,136431,136434,136481,136483,136485,136492,136494,136525,136528,136530,136561,136565,136568,136570,136610,136612,136655,136661,136666,136668,136695,136700,136703,136752,136756,136759,136834,136845,136848,136905,136912,136918,136926,136931,136938,136945,136963,136965,137019,137027,137029,137034,137037,137043,137049,137054,137057,137063,137069,137076,137084,137086,137129],[10,135600,122738,135602,18],{"id":135601},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135603,123468],{},[20,135605,122743,135606,135608],{},[15,135607,123468],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135610,23633],{},[173,135612,135613,135616,135619,135622],{},[176,135614,135615],{},"convert text to lowercase",[176,135617,135618],{},"compare text without case differences",[176,135620,135621],{},"clean up user input",[176,135623,135624],{},"make simple text matching easier",[44,135626,135628],{"className":46,"code":135627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135629,135630,135643,135657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135631,135632,135634,135636,135638,135641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135633,34233],{"class":59},[53,135635,64],{"class":63},[53,135637,84],{"class":71},[53,135639,135640],{"class":75},"Hello WORLD",[53,135642,1032],{"class":71},[53,135644,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135646,351],{"class":59},[53,135648,64],{"class":63},[53,135650,42384],{"class":59},[53,135652,37],{"class":67},[53,135654,8189],{"class":117},[53,135656,8192],{"class":67},[53,135658,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135660,137],{"class":136},[53,135662,121],{"class":67},[53,135664,383],{"class":117},[53,135666,145],{"class":67},[53,135668,135669],{"class":148},"  # hello world\n",[20,135671,135672,88346,135674,135676],{},[30,135673,83204],{},[15,135675,123468],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[39,135678,163,135680,166],{"id":135679},"what-lower-does",[15,135681,123468],{},[20,135683,135684,135686],{},[15,135685,123468],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135688,12604],{},[173,135690,135691,135696,135699,135702],{},[176,135692,135693,135695],{},[15,135694,123468],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[176,135697,135698],{},"It works on string objects",[176,135700,135701],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[176,135703,135704],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135706,124490,135707,135711,135712,37],{},[195,135708,135710],{"href":135709},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[195,135713,50519],{"href":50518},[39,135715,202],{"id":201},[20,135717,1721],{},[44,135719,135721],{"className":46,"code":135720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.lower()\n",[15,135722,135723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135724,135725,135727,135729,135731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135726,60706],{"class":59},[53,135728,37],{"class":67},[53,135730,8189],{"class":117},[53,135732,8192],{"class":67},[20,135734,43193],{},[173,135736,135737,135739,135742],{},[176,135738,96911],{},[176,135740,135741],{},"You call it directly on a string",[176,135743,135744],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135746,316],{},[44,135748,135750],{"className":46,"code":135749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135751,135752,135775,135779,135792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135753,135754,135756,135758,135760,135763,135765,135767,135769,135772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135755,137],{"class":136},[53,135757,121],{"class":67},[53,135759,72],{"class":71},[53,135761,135762],{"class":75},"HELLO",[53,135764,72],{"class":71},[53,135766,37],{"class":67},[53,135768,8189],{"class":117},[53,135770,135771],{"class":67},"())",[53,135773,135774],{"class":148},"  # hello\n",[53,135776,135777],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135778,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135780,135781,135783,135785,135787,135790],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135782,7426],{"class":59},[53,135784,64],{"class":63},[53,135786,84],{"class":71},[53,135788,135789],{"class":75},"PyThOn",[53,135791,1032],{"class":71},[53,135793,135794,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135795,137],{"class":136},[53,135797,121],{"class":67},[53,135799,7220],{"class":117},[53,135801,37],{"class":67},[53,135803,8189],{"class":117},[53,135805,135771],{"class":67},[53,135807,135808],{"class":148},"  # python\n",[39,135810,11025],{"id":11024},[20,135812,135813],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[44,135815,135817],{"className":46,"code":135816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135818,135819,135831,135835,135850,135854,135865],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135820,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135822,34233],{"class":59},[53,135824,64],{"class":63},[53,135826,84],{"class":71},[53,135828,135640],{"class":75},[53,135830,1032],{"class":71},[53,135832,135833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135834,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135836,135837,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135838,135839],{"class":59},"lower_text ",[53,135841,64],{"class":63},[53,135843,42384],{"class":59},[53,135845,37],{"class":67},[53,135847,8189],{"class":117},[53,135849,8192],{"class":67},[53,135851,135852],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135853,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135855,135856,135858,135860,135863],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,135857,137],{"class":136},[53,135859,121],{"class":67},[53,135861,135862],{"class":117},"lower_text",[53,135864,130],{"class":67},[53,135866,135867,135869,135871,135873],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,135868,137],{"class":136},[53,135870,121],{"class":67},[53,135872,34254],{"class":117},[53,135874,130],{"class":67},[20,135876,388],{},[44,135878,135880],{"className":46,"code":135879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135881,135882,135886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135883,135884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135885,133754],{"class":59},[53,135887,135888,135890],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135889,131154],{"class":59},[53,135891,135892],{"class":33998},"WORLD\n",[20,135894,24153],{},[173,135896,135897,135902],{},[176,135898,135899,135901],{},[15,135900,123468],{}," returns the lowercase result",[176,135903,135904,135905,135907],{},"the original ",[15,135906,34254],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135909,135910],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[44,135912,135914],{"className":46,"code":135913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135915,135916,135928,135942,135946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135917,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135919,34233],{"class":59},[53,135921,64],{"class":63},[53,135923,84],{"class":71},[53,135925,135640],{"class":75},[53,135927,1032],{"class":71},[53,135929,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135931,34233],{"class":59},[53,135933,64],{"class":63},[53,135935,42384],{"class":59},[53,135937,37],{"class":67},[53,135939,8189],{"class":117},[53,135941,8192],{"class":67},[53,135943,135944],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135945,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,135949,137],{"class":136},[53,135951,121],{"class":67},[53,135953,34254],{"class":117},[53,135955,145],{"class":67},[53,135957,135669],{"class":148},[39,135959,16967],{"id":16966},[20,135961,135962,21520,135964,37],{},[15,135963,123468],{},[30,135965,60706],{},[20,135967,135968],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135970,135971],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[44,135973,135975],{"className":46,"code":135974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135976,135977,135991,135995,136018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135978,135979,135982,135984,135986,135989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135980,135981],{"class":59},"answer ",[53,135983,64],{"class":63},[53,135985,84],{"class":71},[53,135987,135988],{"class":75},"YES",[53,135990,1032],{"class":71},[53,135992,135993],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135994,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,135996,135997,135999,136002,136004,136006,136008,136010,136012,136014,136016],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,135998,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136000,136001],{"class":59}," answer",[53,136003,37],{"class":67},[53,136005,8189],{"class":117},[53,136007,6917],{"class":67},[53,136009,5960],{"class":63},[53,136011,84],{"class":71},[53,136013,8207],{"class":75},[53,136015,72],{"class":71},[53,136017,1053],{"class":67},[53,136019,136020,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136021,1058],{"class":136},[53,136023,121],{"class":67},[53,136025,72],{"class":71},[53,136027,96220],{"class":75},[53,136029,72],{"class":71},[53,136031,130],{"class":67},[20,136033,136034,136035,171],{},"This is especially useful with ",[195,136036,136037,136038,1863],{"href":7769},"the ",[15,136039,2518],{},[44,136041,136043],{"className":46,"code":136042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136044,136045,136064,136068,136090,136105,136111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136046,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136060,136062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136048,135981],{"class":59},[53,136050,64],{"class":63},[53,136052,7792],{"class":136},[53,136054,121],{"class":67},[53,136056,72],{"class":71},[53,136058,136059],{"class":75},"Type yes or no: ",[53,136061,72],{"class":71},[53,136063,130],{"class":67},[53,136065,136066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136067,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136069,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136071,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136073,136001],{"class":59},[53,136075,37],{"class":67},[53,136077,8189],{"class":117},[53,136079,6917],{"class":67},[53,136081,5960],{"class":63},[53,136083,84],{"class":71},[53,136085,8207],{"class":75},[53,136087,72],{"class":71},[53,136089,1053],{"class":67},[53,136091,136092,136094,136096,136098,136101,136103],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136093,1058],{"class":136},[53,136095,121],{"class":67},[53,136097,72],{"class":71},[53,136099,136100],{"class":75},"You typed yes",[53,136102,72],{"class":71},[53,136104,130],{"class":67},[53,136106,136107,136109],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,136108,1079],{"class":1041},[53,136110,1053],{"class":67},[53,136112,136113,136115,136117,136119,136122,136124],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,136114,1058],{"class":136},[53,136116,121],{"class":67},[53,136118,72],{"class":71},[53,136120,136121],{"class":75},"You typed something else",[53,136123,72],{"class":71},[53,136125,130],{"class":67},[39,136127,136129],{"id":136128},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136131,136132,136134],{},[15,136133,123468],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136136,6894],{},[173,136138,136139,136142,136145,136148],{},[176,136140,136141],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[176,136143,136144],{},"Make text matching easier",[176,136146,136147],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[176,136149,136150],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136152,136153],{},"Example: checking user input",[44,136155,136157],{"className":46,"code":136156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136158,136159,136177,136181,136203,136218,136224],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136160,136161,136163,136165,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136162,44502],{"class":59},[53,136164,64],{"class":63},[53,136166,7792],{"class":136},[53,136168,121],{"class":67},[53,136170,72],{"class":71},[53,136172,44513],{"class":75},[53,136174,72],{"class":71},[53,136176,130],{"class":67},[53,136178,136179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136180,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136182,136183,136185,136187,136189,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199,136201],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136184,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136186,35397],{"class":59},[53,136188,37],{"class":67},[53,136190,8189],{"class":117},[53,136192,6917],{"class":67},[53,136194,5960],{"class":63},[53,136196,84],{"class":71},[53,136198,579],{"class":75},[53,136200,72],{"class":71},[53,136202,1053],{"class":67},[53,136204,136205,136207,136209,136211,136214,136216],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136206,1058],{"class":136},[53,136208,121],{"class":67},[53,136210,72],{"class":71},[53,136212,136213],{"class":75},"Nice choice!",[53,136215,72],{"class":71},[53,136217,130],{"class":67},[53,136219,136220,136222],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,136221,1079],{"class":1041},[53,136223,1053],{"class":67},[53,136225,136226,136228,136230,136232,136235,136237],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,136227,1058],{"class":136},[53,136229,121],{"class":67},[53,136231,72],{"class":71},[53,136233,136234],{"class":75},"Got it.",[53,136236,72],{"class":71},[53,136238,130],{"class":67},[20,136240,136241],{},"Example: simple search",[44,136243,136245],{"className":46,"code":136244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136246,136247,136260,136264,136285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136248,136249,136251,136253,136255,136258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136250,89390],{"class":59},[53,136252,64],{"class":63},[53,136254,84],{"class":71},[53,136256,136257],{"class":75},"Python Is Fun",[53,136259,1032],{"class":71},[53,136261,136262],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136263,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136265,136266,136268,136270,136272,136274,136276,136279,136281,136283],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136267,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136269,84],{"class":71},[53,136271,48],{"class":75},[53,136273,72],{"class":71},[53,136275,1286],{"class":63},[53,136277,136278],{"class":59}," message",[53,136280,37],{"class":67},[53,136282,8189],{"class":117},[53,136284,21140],{"class":67},[53,136286,136287,136289,136291,136293,136296,136298],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136288,1058],{"class":136},[53,136290,121],{"class":67},[53,136292,72],{"class":71},[53,136294,136295],{"class":75},"Found it",[53,136297,72],{"class":71},[53,136299,130],{"class":67},[20,136301,136302,136303,136305,136306,171],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136304,123468],{}," is often used with ",[195,136307,136309],{"href":136308},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136310,41195],{},[44,136312,136314],{"className":46,"code":136313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136315,136316,136329,136348,136352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136317,136318,136320,136322,136324,136327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136319,7426],{"class":59},[53,136321,64],{"class":63},[53,136323,84],{"class":71},[53,136325,136326],{"class":75},"  ALICE  ",[53,136328,1032],{"class":71},[53,136330,136331,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136332,136333],{"class":59},"clean_name ",[53,136335,64],{"class":63},[53,136337,35538],{"class":59},[53,136339,37],{"class":67},[53,136341,8183],{"class":117},[53,136343,8186],{"class":67},[53,136345,8189],{"class":117},[53,136347,8192],{"class":67},[53,136349,136350],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136351,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136353,136354,136356,136358,136361,136363],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136355,137],{"class":136},[53,136357,121],{"class":67},[53,136359,136360],{"class":117},"clean_name",[53,136362,145],{"class":67},[53,136364,136365],{"class":148},"  # alice\n",[39,136367,15148],{"id":15147},[20,136369,136370,136371,136374],{},"Strings are ",[30,136372,136373],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136376,136377,136378,136380],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136379,123468],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136382,136383,136384,136386],{},"So this does ",[30,136385,1112],{}," update the original variable:",[44,136388,136390],{"className":46,"code":136389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136391,136392,136404,136414,136418],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136393,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136395,34233],{"class":59},[53,136397,64],{"class":63},[53,136399,84],{"class":71},[53,136401,135762],{"class":75},[53,136403,1032],{"class":71},[53,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136407,34254],{"class":59},[53,136409,37],{"class":67},[53,136411,8189],{"class":117},[53,136413,8192],{"class":67},[53,136415,136416],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136417,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136419,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136421,137],{"class":136},[53,136423,121],{"class":67},[53,136425,34254],{"class":117},[53,136427,145],{"class":67},[53,136429,136430],{"class":148},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136432,136433],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[44,136435,136437],{"className":46,"code":136436,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136438,136439,136451,136465,136469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136440,136441,136443,136445,136447,136449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136442,34233],{"class":59},[53,136444,64],{"class":63},[53,136446,84],{"class":71},[53,136448,135762],{"class":75},[53,136450,1032],{"class":71},[53,136452,136453,136455,136457,136459,136461,136463],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136454,34233],{"class":59},[53,136456,64],{"class":63},[53,136458,42384],{"class":59},[53,136460,37],{"class":67},[53,136462,8189],{"class":117},[53,136464,8192],{"class":67},[53,136466,136467],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136468,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136470,136471,136473,136475,136477,136479],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136472,137],{"class":136},[53,136474,121],{"class":67},[53,136476,34254],{"class":117},[53,136478,145],{"class":67},[53,136480,135774],{"class":148},[39,136482,2389],{"id":2388},[1418,136484,25233],{"id":25232},[20,136486,136487,136488,1175,136490,37],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136489,8189],{},[15,136491,123468],{},[20,136493,1209],{},[44,136495,136497],{"className":46,"code":136496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136498,136499,136511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136500,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136502,34233],{"class":59},[53,136504,64],{"class":63},[53,136506,84],{"class":71},[53,136508,135762],{"class":75},[53,136510,1032],{"class":71},[53,136512,136513,136515,136517,136519,136521,136523],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136514,137],{"class":136},[53,136516,121],{"class":67},[53,136518,34254],{"class":117},[53,136520,37],{"class":67},[53,136522,8189],{"class":1223},[53,136524,130],{"class":67},[20,136526,136527],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136529,1183],{},[44,136531,136533],{"className":46,"code":136532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136534,136535,136547],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136536,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136538,34233],{"class":59},[53,136540,64],{"class":63},[53,136542,84],{"class":71},[53,136544,135762],{"class":75},[53,136546,1032],{"class":71},[53,136548,136549,136551,136553,136555,136557,136559],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136550,137],{"class":136},[53,136552,121],{"class":67},[53,136554,34254],{"class":117},[53,136556,37],{"class":67},[53,136558,8189],{"class":117},[53,136560,6745],{"class":67},[1418,136562,136564],{"id":136563},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136566,136567],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136569,1209],{},[44,136571,136573],{"className":46,"code":136572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136574,136575,136587,136597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136576,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136578,34233],{"class":59},[53,136580,64],{"class":63},[53,136582,84],{"class":71},[53,136584,135762],{"class":75},[53,136586,1032],{"class":71},[53,136588,136589,136591,136593,136595],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136590,34254],{"class":59},[53,136592,37],{"class":67},[53,136594,8189],{"class":117},[53,136596,8192],{"class":67},[53,136598,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136600,137],{"class":136},[53,136602,121],{"class":67},[53,136604,34254],{"class":117},[53,136606,145],{"class":67},[53,136608,136609],{"class":148},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136611,1183],{},[44,136613,136615],{"className":46,"code":136614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136616,136617,136629,136643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136618,136619,136621,136623,136625,136627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136620,34233],{"class":59},[53,136622,64],{"class":63},[53,136624,84],{"class":71},[53,136626,135762],{"class":75},[53,136628,1032],{"class":71},[53,136630,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639,136641],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136632,34233],{"class":59},[53,136634,64],{"class":63},[53,136636,42384],{"class":59},[53,136638,37],{"class":67},[53,136640,8189],{"class":117},[53,136642,8192],{"class":67},[53,136644,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136646,137],{"class":136},[53,136648,121],{"class":67},[53,136650,34254],{"class":117},[53,136652,145],{"class":67},[53,136654,135774],{"class":148},[1418,136656,664,136658,136660],{"id":136657},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136659,123468],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136662,136663,136665],{},[15,136664,123468],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136667,1209],{},[44,136669,136671],{"className":46,"code":136670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136672,136673,136681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136674,136675,136677,136679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136676,1778],{"class":59},[53,136678,64],{"class":63},[53,136680,124420],{"class":333},[53,136682,136683,136685,136687,136689,136691,136693],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136684,137],{"class":136},[53,136686,121],{"class":67},[53,136688,1800],{"class":117},[53,136690,37],{"class":67},[53,136692,8189],{"class":117},[53,136694,6745],{"class":67},[20,136696,136697,136698,33145],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136699,123468],{},[20,136701,136702],{},"You can check the type first:",[44,136704,136706],{"className":46,"code":136705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136707,136708,136720,136724,136738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136709,136710,136712,136714,136716,136718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136711,34233],{"class":59},[53,136713,64],{"class":63},[53,136715,84],{"class":71},[53,136717,135762],{"class":75},[53,136719,1032],{"class":71},[53,136721,136722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136723,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136725,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136727,137],{"class":136},[53,136729,121],{"class":67},[53,136731,1321],{"class":1320},[53,136733,121],{"class":67},[53,136735,34254],{"class":117},[53,136737,628],{"class":67},[53,136739,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136741,137],{"class":136},[53,136743,121],{"class":67},[53,136745,34254],{"class":117},[53,136747,37],{"class":67},[53,136749,8189],{"class":117},[53,136751,6745],{"class":67},[1418,136753,136755],{"id":136754},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136757,136758],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[44,136760,136762],{"className":46,"code":136761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136763,136764,136777,136781,136798,136813,136819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136765,136766,136768,136770,136772,136775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136767,135981],{"class":59},[53,136769,64],{"class":63},[53,136771,84],{"class":71},[53,136773,136774],{"class":75},"Yes",[53,136776,1032],{"class":71},[53,136778,136779],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136780,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136782,136783,136785,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136784,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136786,136787],{"class":59}," answer ",[53,136789,4245],{"class":63},[53,136791,84],{"class":71},[53,136793,8207],{"class":75},[53,136795,72],{"class":71},[53,136797,1053],{"class":67},[53,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136809,136811],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136801,1058],{"class":136},[53,136803,121],{"class":67},[53,136805,72],{"class":71},[53,136807,136808],{"class":75},"Match",[53,136810,72],{"class":71},[53,136812,130],{"class":67},[53,136814,136815,136817],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,136816,1079],{"class":1041},[53,136818,1053],{"class":67},[53,136820,136821,136823,136825,136827,136830,136832],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,136822,1058],{"class":136},[53,136824,121],{"class":67},[53,136826,72],{"class":71},[53,136828,136829],{"class":75},"No match",[53,136831,72],{"class":71},[53,136833,130],{"class":67},[20,136835,28605,136836,667,136839,136842,136843,37],{},[15,136837,136838],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136840,136841],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136844,136829],{},[20,136846,136847],{},"Better:",[44,136849,136851],{"className":46,"code":136850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136852,136853,136865,136869,136891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136854,136855,136857,136859,136861,136863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136856,135981],{"class":59},[53,136858,64],{"class":63},[53,136860,84],{"class":71},[53,136862,136774],{"class":75},[53,136864,1032],{"class":71},[53,136866,136867],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136868,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136870,136871,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136872,1042],{"class":1041},[53,136874,136001],{"class":59},[53,136876,37],{"class":67},[53,136878,8189],{"class":117},[53,136880,6917],{"class":67},[53,136882,5960],{"class":63},[53,136884,84],{"class":71},[53,136886,8207],{"class":75},[53,136888,72],{"class":71},[53,136890,1053],{"class":67},[53,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901,136903],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,136894,1058],{"class":136},[53,136896,121],{"class":67},[53,136898,72],{"class":71},[53,136900,136808],{"class":75},[53,136902,72],{"class":71},[53,136904,130],{"class":67},[1418,136906,43756,136908,136911],{"id":136907},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136909,136910],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136913,136914,136915,136917],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136916,123468],{}," is enough.",[20,136919,136920,136921,136923,136924,37],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136922,136910],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136925,123468],{},[20,136927,136928,136929,121980],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136930,123468],{},[39,136932,136934,10136,136936],{"id":136933},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136935,123468],{},[15,136937,127616],{},[20,136939,136940,667,136942,136944],{},[15,136941,123468],{},[15,136943,127616],{}," are very similar.",[173,136946,136947,136952,136957,136960],{},[176,136948,136949,136951],{},[15,136950,123468],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[176,136953,136954,136956],{},[15,136955,127616],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[176,136958,136959],{},"Both return new strings",[176,136961,136962],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136964,316],{},[44,136966,136968],{"className":46,"code":136967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136969,136970,136982,136986,137002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136973,34233],{"class":59},[53,136975,64],{"class":63},[53,136977,84],{"class":71},[53,136979,128457],{"class":75},[53,136981,1032],{"class":71},[53,136983,136984],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136985,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,136987,136988,136990,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,136989,137],{"class":136},[53,136991,121],{"class":67},[53,136993,34254],{"class":117},[53,136995,37],{"class":67},[53,136997,8189],{"class":117},[53,136999,135771],{"class":67},[53,137001,135669],{"class":148},[53,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137005,137],{"class":136},[53,137007,121],{"class":67},[53,137009,34254],{"class":117},[53,137011,37],{"class":67},[53,137013,34023],{"class":117},[53,137015,135771],{"class":67},[53,137017,137018],{"class":148},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137020,137021,137022,37],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[195,137023,125738,137025,660],{"href":137024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137026,127616],{},[39,137028,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,137030,1431,137032,124065],{"id":137031},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137033,123468],{},[20,137035,137036],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1418,137038,1431,137040,137042],{"id":137039},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137041,123468],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137044,137045,137046,37],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137047,137048],{},"string.lower()",[1418,137050,1421,137052,12267],{"id":137051},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137053,123468],{},[20,137055,137056],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1418,137058,27872,137060,137062],{"id":137059},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137061,123468],{}," on user input?",[20,137064,137065,137066,137068],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137067,2518],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1418,137070,4731,137072,667,137074,1459],{"id":137071},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137073,123468],{},[15,137075,136910],{},[20,137077,137078,137080,137081,137083],{},[15,137079,123468],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137082,136910],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[39,137085,1471],{"id":1470},[173,137087,137088,137092,137098,137104,137110,137114,137118,137124],{},[176,137089,137090],{},[195,137091,50519],{"href":50518},[176,137093,137094],{},[195,137095,125738,137096,660],{"href":137024},[15,137097,127616],{},[176,137099,137100],{},[195,137101,125738,137102,660],{"href":136308},[15,137103,41195],{},[176,137105,137106],{},[195,137107,125738,137108,660],{"href":129319},[15,137109,123909],{},[176,137111,137112],{},[195,137113,124137],{"href":122993},[176,137115,137116],{},[195,137117,90066],{"href":89075},[176,137119,137120],{},[195,137121,3138,137122,3071],{"href":7769},[15,137123,2518],{},[176,137125,137126],{},[195,137127,137128],{"href":135709},"What is a string in Python?",[1494,137130,137131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":137133},[137134,137136,137137,137138,137139,137140,137141,137150,137152,137164],{"id":135679,"depth":104,"text":137135},"What lower() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":136128,"depth":104,"text":136129},{"id":15147,"depth":104,"text":15148},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":137142},[137143,137144,137145,137147,137148],{"id":25232,"depth":133,"text":25233},{"id":136563,"depth":133,"text":136564},{"id":136657,"depth":133,"text":137146},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136754,"depth":133,"text":136755},{"id":136907,"depth":133,"text":137149},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136933,"depth":104,"text":137151},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":137153},[137154,137156,137158,137160,137162],{"id":137031,"depth":133,"text":137155},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137039,"depth":133,"text":137157},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137051,"depth":133,"text":137159},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137059,"depth":133,"text":137161},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137071,"depth":133,"text":137163},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135596,"description":137165},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137172,"title":137173,"body":137174,"description":138724,"extension":1524,"meta":138725,"navigation":372,"path":138726,"seo":138727,"stem":138728,"__hash__":138729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137175,"toc":138685},[137176,137181,137186,137192,137207,137209,137269,137271,137280,137286,137291,137296,137298,137312,137316,137318,137365,137367,137385,137387,137390,137461,137463,137477,137480,137492,137501,137505,137510,137515,137519,137585,137587,137596,137600,137665,137667,137676,137679,137684,137688,137693,137697,137758,137760,137769,137773,137776,137832,137834,137843,137846,137859,137861,137865,137872,137934,137936,137949,137955,137958,137965,137970,137975,137978,137986,137988,138049,138051,138060,138063,138110,138113,138160,138162,138167,138184,138191,138196,138249,138251,138259,138261,138318,138320,138328,138332,138379,138381,138389,138397,138401,138449,138451,138460,138465,138516,138518,138527,138534,138537,138558,138560,138565,138568,138572,138575,138579,138582,138609,138615,138618,138645,138650,138652,138654,138682],[10,137177,122738,137179,18],{"id":137178},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137180,123909],{},[20,137182,122743,137183,137185],{},[15,137184,123909],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137187,137188,137189,137191],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137190,123909],{},". You will learn:",[173,137193,137194,137198,137201,137204],{},[176,137195,25564,137196,166],{},[15,137197,123909],{},[176,137199,137200],{},"how its syntax works",[176,137202,137203],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[176,137205,137206],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[39,137208,1566],{"id":1565},[44,137210,137212],{"className":46,"code":137211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137213,137214,137227,137259],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137215,137216,137218,137220,137222,137225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137217,34233],{"class":59},[53,137219,64],{"class":63},[53,137221,84],{"class":71},[53,137223,137224],{"class":75},"I like cats",[53,137226,1032],{"class":71},[53,137228,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137246,137248,137250,137252,137255,137257],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137230,129577],{"class":59},[53,137232,64],{"class":63},[53,137234,42384],{"class":59},[53,137236,37],{"class":67},[53,137238,34545],{"class":117},[53,137240,121],{"class":67},[53,137242,72],{"class":71},[53,137244,137245],{"class":75},"cats",[53,137247,72],{"class":71},[53,137249,81],{"class":67},[53,137251,84],{"class":71},[53,137253,137254],{"class":75},"dogs",[53,137256,72],{"class":71},[53,137258,130],{"class":67},[53,137260,137261,137263,137265,137267],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137262,137],{"class":136},[53,137264,121],{"class":67},[53,137266,129608],{"class":117},[53,137268,130],{"class":67},[20,137270,388],{},[44,137272,137274],{"className":46,"code":137273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like dogs\n",[15,137275,137276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137277,137278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137279,137273],{"class":59},[20,137281,152,137282,137285],{},[15,137283,137284],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[39,137287,163,137289,166],{"id":137288},"what-replace-does",[15,137290,123909],{},[20,137292,137293,137295],{},[15,137294,123909],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137297,12604],{},[173,137299,137300,137302,137304,137307],{},[176,137301,132986],{},[176,137303,135704],{},[176,137305,137306],{},"It works on exact matches",[176,137308,137309,137310],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137311,40801],{},[20,137313,124490,137314,37],{},[195,137315,124493],{"href":50518},[39,137317,4983],{"id":4982},[44,137319,137321],{"className":46,"code":137320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137322,137323,137343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137324,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333,137336,137338,137341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137326,60706],{"class":59},[53,137328,37],{"class":67},[53,137330,34545],{"class":117},[53,137332,121],{"class":67},[53,137334,137335],{"class":117},"old",[53,137337,81],{"class":67},[53,137339,137340],{"class":117}," new",[53,137342,130],{"class":67},[53,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137346,60706],{"class":59},[53,137348,37],{"class":67},[53,137350,34545],{"class":117},[53,137352,121],{"class":67},[53,137354,137335],{"class":117},[53,137356,81],{"class":67},[53,137358,137340],{"class":117},[53,137360,81],{"class":67},[53,137362,49144],{"class":117},[53,137364,130],{"class":67},[1418,137366,16943],{"id":16942},[173,137368,137369,137374,137380],{},[176,137370,137371,137373],{},[15,137372,137335],{}," = the text to find",[176,137375,137376,137379],{},[15,137377,137378],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[176,137381,137382,137384],{},[15,137383,40801],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[39,137386,5339],{"id":5338},[20,137388,137389],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[44,137391,137393],{"className":46,"code":137392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137394,137395,137407,137437,137441,137451],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137396,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137398,34233],{"class":59},[53,137400,64],{"class":63},[53,137402,84],{"class":71},[53,137404,137224],{"class":75},[53,137406,1032],{"class":71},[53,137408,137409,137411,137413,137415,137417,137419,137421,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137410,129577],{"class":59},[53,137412,64],{"class":63},[53,137414,42384],{"class":59},[53,137416,37],{"class":67},[53,137418,34545],{"class":117},[53,137420,121],{"class":67},[53,137422,72],{"class":71},[53,137424,137245],{"class":75},[53,137426,72],{"class":71},[53,137428,81],{"class":67},[53,137430,84],{"class":71},[53,137432,137254],{"class":75},[53,137434,72],{"class":71},[53,137436,130],{"class":67},[53,137438,137439],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137440,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137442,137443,137445,137447,137449],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137444,137],{"class":136},[53,137446,121],{"class":67},[53,137448,34254],{"class":117},[53,137450,130],{"class":67},[53,137452,137453,137455,137457,137459],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,137454,137],{"class":136},[53,137456,121],{"class":67},[53,137458,129608],{"class":117},[53,137460,130],{"class":67},[20,137462,388],{},[44,137464,137466],{"className":46,"code":137465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137467,137468,137473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137469,137470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137471,137472],{"class":59},"I like cats\n",[53,137474,137475],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137476,137273],{"class":59},[20,137478,137479],{},"Notice what happened:",[173,137481,137482,137487],{},[176,137483,137484,137486],{},[15,137485,34254],{}," did not change",[176,137488,137489,137491],{},[15,137490,129608],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137493,137494,137495,137497,137498,137500],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137496,136373],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137499,123909],{}," return a new string instead.",[39,137502,137504],{"id":137503},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137506,89084,137507,137509],{},[15,137508,123909],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137511,137512,137513,36164],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137514,40801],{},[1418,137516,137518],{"id":137517},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[44,137520,137522],{"className":46,"code":137521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137523,137524,137537,137571,137575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137525,137526,137528,137530,137532,137535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137527,34233],{"class":59},[53,137529,64],{"class":63},[53,137531,84],{"class":71},[53,137533,137534],{"class":75},"cat cat cat",[53,137536,1032],{"class":71},[53,137538,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565,137567,137569],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137540,351],{"class":59},[53,137542,64],{"class":63},[53,137544,42384],{"class":59},[53,137546,37],{"class":67},[53,137548,34545],{"class":117},[53,137550,121],{"class":67},[53,137552,72],{"class":71},[53,137554,36590],{"class":75},[53,137556,72],{"class":71},[53,137558,81],{"class":67},[53,137560,84],{"class":71},[53,137562,57661],{"class":75},[53,137564,72],{"class":71},[53,137566,81],{"class":67},[53,137568,821],{"class":333},[53,137570,130],{"class":67},[53,137572,137573],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137574,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137576,137577,137579,137581,137583],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137578,137],{"class":136},[53,137580,121],{"class":67},[53,137582,383],{"class":117},[53,137584,130],{"class":67},[20,137586,388],{},[44,137588,137590],{"className":46,"code":137589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137591,137592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137593,137594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137595,137589],{"class":59},[1418,137597,137599],{"id":137598},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[44,137601,137603],{"className":46,"code":137602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137604,137605,137617,137651,137655],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137606,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137608,34233],{"class":59},[53,137610,64],{"class":63},[53,137612,84],{"class":71},[53,137614,137534],{"class":75},[53,137616,1032],{"class":71},[53,137618,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647,137649],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137620,351],{"class":59},[53,137622,64],{"class":63},[53,137624,42384],{"class":59},[53,137626,37],{"class":67},[53,137628,34545],{"class":117},[53,137630,121],{"class":67},[53,137632,72],{"class":71},[53,137634,36590],{"class":75},[53,137636,72],{"class":71},[53,137638,81],{"class":67},[53,137640,84],{"class":71},[53,137642,57661],{"class":75},[53,137644,72],{"class":71},[53,137646,81],{"class":67},[53,137648,790],{"class":333},[53,137650,130],{"class":67},[53,137652,137653],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137654,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137656,137657,137659,137661,137663],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137658,137],{"class":136},[53,137660,121],{"class":67},[53,137662,383],{"class":117},[53,137664,130],{"class":67},[20,137666,388],{},[44,137668,137670],{"className":46,"code":137669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137671,137672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137673,137674],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137675,137669],{"class":59},[20,137677,137678],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137680,137681,137682,37],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[195,137683,127462],{"href":123906},[39,137685,137687],{"id":137686},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137689,137690,137692],{},[15,137691,123909],{}," can also change single characters.",[1418,137694,137696],{"id":137695},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[44,137698,137700],{"className":46,"code":137699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137701,137702,137714,137744,137748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137703,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137705,34233],{"class":59},[53,137707,64],{"class":63},[53,137709,84],{"class":71},[53,137711,87],{"class":75},[53,137713,1032],{"class":71},[53,137715,137716,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137717,351],{"class":59},[53,137719,64],{"class":63},[53,137721,42384],{"class":59},[53,137723,37],{"class":67},[53,137725,34545],{"class":117},[53,137727,121],{"class":67},[53,137729,72],{"class":71},[53,137731,195],{"class":75},[53,137733,72],{"class":71},[53,137735,81],{"class":67},[53,137737,84],{"class":71},[53,137739,60005],{"class":75},[53,137741,72],{"class":71},[53,137743,130],{"class":67},[53,137745,137746],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137747,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137749,137750,137752,137754,137756],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137751,137],{"class":136},[53,137753,121],{"class":67},[53,137755,383],{"class":117},[53,137757,130],{"class":67},[20,137759,388],{},[44,137761,137763],{"className":46,"code":137762,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bonono\n",[15,137764,137765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137766,137767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137768,137762],{"class":59},[1418,137770,137772],{"id":137771},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137774,137775],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[44,137777,137779],{"className":46,"code":137778,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137780,137781,137794,137818,137822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137782,137783,137785,137787,137789,137792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137784,34233],{"class":59},[53,137786,64],{"class":63},[53,137788,84],{"class":71},[53,137790,137791],{"class":75},"a b c",[53,137793,1032],{"class":71},[53,137795,137796,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137797,351],{"class":59},[53,137799,64],{"class":63},[53,137801,42384],{"class":59},[53,137803,37],{"class":67},[53,137805,34545],{"class":117},[53,137807,121],{"class":67},[53,137809,72],{"class":71},[53,137811,84],{"class":71},[53,137813,81],{"class":67},[53,137815,5678],{"class":71},[53,137817,130],{"class":67},[53,137819,137820],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137821,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137823,137824,137826,137828,137830],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137825,137],{"class":136},[53,137827,121],{"class":67},[53,137829,383],{"class":117},[53,137831,130],{"class":67},[20,137833,388],{},[44,137835,137837],{"className":46,"code":137836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abc\n",[15,137838,137839],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137840,137841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137842,137836],{"class":59},[20,137844,137845],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137847,137848,137849,137853,137854,137858],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[195,137850,125738,137851,660],{"href":128425},[15,137852,60063],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[195,137855,125738,137856,660],{"href":136308},[15,137857,41195],{}," is often a better choice.",[39,137860,123385],{"id":123384},[20,137862,137863,123196],{},[15,137864,123909],{},[20,137866,126783,137867,667,137869,126790],{},[15,137868,112422],{},[15,137870,137871],{},"\"Cat\"",[44,137873,137875],{"className":46,"code":137874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137876,137877,137890,137920,137924],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137878,137879,137881,137883,137885,137888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137880,34233],{"class":59},[53,137882,64],{"class":63},[53,137884,84],{"class":71},[53,137886,137887],{"class":75},"Cat cat CAT",[53,137889,1032],{"class":71},[53,137891,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137893,351],{"class":59},[53,137895,64],{"class":63},[53,137897,42384],{"class":59},[53,137899,37],{"class":67},[53,137901,34545],{"class":117},[53,137903,121],{"class":67},[53,137905,72],{"class":71},[53,137907,36590],{"class":75},[53,137909,72],{"class":71},[53,137911,81],{"class":67},[53,137913,84],{"class":71},[53,137915,57661],{"class":75},[53,137917,72],{"class":71},[53,137919,130],{"class":67},[53,137921,137922],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,137923,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,137925,137926,137928,137930,137932],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,137927,137],{"class":136},[53,137929,121],{"class":67},[53,137931,383],{"class":117},[53,137933,130],{"class":67},[20,137935,388],{},[44,137937,137939],{"className":46,"code":137938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137940,137941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137942,137943,137946],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137944,137945],{"class":59},"Cat dog ",[53,137947,137948],{"class":33998},"CAT\n",[20,137950,137951,137952,137954],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137953,112422],{}," was replaced.",[20,137956,137957],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137959,137960,137961,37],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[195,137962,125738,137963,660],{"href":123465},[15,137964,123468],{},[39,137966,163,137968,11256],{"id":137967},"what-replace-returns",[15,137969,123909],{},[20,137971,137972,137974],{},[15,137973,123909],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137976,137977],{},"If no match is found:",[173,137979,137980,137983],{},[176,137981,137982],{},"no error happens",[176,137984,137985],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137987,316],{},[44,137989,137991],{"className":46,"code":137990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137992,137993,138005,138035,138039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137994,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137996,34233],{"class":59},[53,137998,64],{"class":63},[53,138000,84],{"class":71},[53,138002,3406],{"class":75},[53,138004,1032],{"class":71},[53,138006,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138008,351],{"class":59},[53,138010,64],{"class":63},[53,138012,42384],{"class":59},[53,138014,37],{"class":67},[53,138016,34545],{"class":117},[53,138018,121],{"class":67},[53,138020,72],{"class":71},[53,138022,1735],{"class":75},[53,138024,72],{"class":71},[53,138026,81],{"class":67},[53,138028,84],{"class":71},[53,138030,11296],{"class":75},[53,138032,72],{"class":71},[53,138034,130],{"class":67},[53,138036,138037],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,138038,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,138040,138041,138043,138045,138047],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,138042,137],{"class":136},[53,138044,121],{"class":67},[53,138046,383],{"class":117},[53,138048,130],{"class":67},[20,138050,388],{},[44,138052,138054],{"className":46,"code":138053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello\n",[15,138055,138056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138057,138058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138059,138053],{"class":59},[20,138061,138062],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[44,138064,138066],{"className":46,"code":138065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138067,138068,138080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138069,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138071,34233],{"class":59},[53,138073,64],{"class":63},[53,138075,84],{"class":71},[53,138077,59938],{"class":75},[53,138079,1032],{"class":71},[53,138081,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138083,129577],{"class":59},[53,138085,64],{"class":63},[53,138087,42384],{"class":59},[53,138089,37],{"class":67},[53,138091,34545],{"class":117},[53,138093,121],{"class":67},[53,138095,72],{"class":71},[53,138097,60123],{"class":75},[53,138099,72],{"class":71},[53,138101,81],{"class":67},[53,138103,84],{"class":71},[53,138105,6848],{"class":75},[53,138107,72],{"class":71},[53,138109,130],{"class":67},[20,138111,138112],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[44,138114,138116],{"className":46,"code":138115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138117,138118,138130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138119,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138121,34233],{"class":59},[53,138123,64],{"class":63},[53,138125,84],{"class":71},[53,138127,59938],{"class":75},[53,138129,1032],{"class":71},[53,138131,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138133,34233],{"class":59},[53,138135,64],{"class":63},[53,138137,42384],{"class":59},[53,138139,37],{"class":67},[53,138141,34545],{"class":117},[53,138143,121],{"class":67},[53,138145,72],{"class":71},[53,138147,60123],{"class":75},[53,138149,72],{"class":71},[53,138151,81],{"class":67},[53,138153,84],{"class":71},[53,138155,6848],{"class":75},[53,138157,72],{"class":71},[53,138159,130],{"class":67},[39,138161,1129],{"id":1128},[20,138163,138164,138165,171],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138166,123909],{},[173,138168,138169,138172,138176,138179],{},[176,138170,138171],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[176,138173,8001,138174,130958],{},[15,138175,123909],{},[176,138177,138178],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[176,138180,36747,138181,138183],{},[15,138182,123909],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1418,138185,138187,138188,138190],{"id":138186},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138189,123909],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138192,138193,138194,171],{},"This does not update ",[15,138195,34254],{},[44,138197,138199],{"className":46,"code":138198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138200,138201,138213,138239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138202,138203,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138204,34233],{"class":59},[53,138206,64],{"class":63},[53,138208,84],{"class":71},[53,138210,137224],{"class":75},[53,138212,1032],{"class":71},[53,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138216,34254],{"class":59},[53,138218,37],{"class":67},[53,138220,34545],{"class":117},[53,138222,121],{"class":67},[53,138224,72],{"class":71},[53,138226,137245],{"class":75},[53,138228,72],{"class":71},[53,138230,81],{"class":67},[53,138232,84],{"class":71},[53,138234,137254],{"class":75},[53,138236,72],{"class":71},[53,138238,130],{"class":67},[53,138240,138241,138243,138245,138247],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,138242,137],{"class":136},[53,138244,121],{"class":67},[53,138246,34254],{"class":117},[53,138248,130],{"class":67},[20,138250,388],{},[44,138252,138253],{"className":46,"code":137472,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138254,138255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138256,138257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138258,137472],{"class":59},[20,138260,10357],{},[44,138262,138264],{"className":46,"code":138263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138265,138266,138278,138308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138267,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138269,34233],{"class":59},[53,138271,64],{"class":63},[53,138273,84],{"class":71},[53,138275,137224],{"class":75},[53,138277,1032],{"class":71},[53,138279,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138281,34233],{"class":59},[53,138283,64],{"class":63},[53,138285,42384],{"class":59},[53,138287,37],{"class":67},[53,138289,34545],{"class":117},[53,138291,121],{"class":67},[53,138293,72],{"class":71},[53,138295,137245],{"class":75},[53,138297,72],{"class":71},[53,138299,81],{"class":67},[53,138301,84],{"class":71},[53,138303,137254],{"class":75},[53,138305,72],{"class":71},[53,138307,130],{"class":67},[53,138309,138310,138312,138314,138316],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,138311,137],{"class":136},[53,138313,121],{"class":67},[53,138315,34254],{"class":117},[53,138317,130],{"class":67},[20,138319,388],{},[44,138321,138322],{"className":46,"code":137273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138323,138324],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138325,138326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138327,137273],{"class":59},[1418,138329,138331],{"id":138330},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[44,138333,138335],{"className":46,"code":138334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138336,138337,138349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138338,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138340,34233],{"class":59},[53,138342,64],{"class":63},[53,138344,84],{"class":71},[53,138346,34413],{"class":75},[53,138348,1032],{"class":71},[53,138350,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138352,137],{"class":136},[53,138354,121],{"class":67},[53,138356,34254],{"class":117},[53,138358,37],{"class":67},[53,138360,34545],{"class":117},[53,138362,121],{"class":67},[53,138364,72],{"class":71},[53,138366,3406],{"class":75},[53,138368,72],{"class":71},[53,138370,81],{"class":67},[53,138372,84],{"class":71},[53,138374,89319],{"class":75},[53,138376,72],{"class":71},[53,138378,628],{"class":67},[20,138380,388],{},[44,138382,138383],{"className":46,"code":88332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138384,138385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138386,138387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138388,88332],{"class":59},[20,138390,138391,138392,667,138394,138396],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138393,64067],{},[15,138395,89801],{}," are not the same.",[1418,138398,138400],{"id":138399},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[44,138402,138404],{"className":46,"code":138403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138405,138406,138419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138407,138408,138410,138412,138414,138417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138409,34233],{"class":59},[53,138411,64],{"class":63},[53,138413,84],{"class":71},[53,138415,138416],{"class":75},"red red red",[53,138418,1032],{"class":71},[53,138420,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138422,137],{"class":136},[53,138424,121],{"class":67},[53,138426,34254],{"class":117},[53,138428,37],{"class":67},[53,138430,34545],{"class":117},[53,138432,121],{"class":67},[53,138434,72],{"class":71},[53,138436,570],{"class":75},[53,138438,72],{"class":71},[53,138440,81],{"class":67},[53,138442,84],{"class":71},[53,138444,579],{"class":75},[53,138446,72],{"class":71},[53,138448,628],{"class":67},[20,138450,388],{},[44,138452,138454],{"className":46,"code":138453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138455,138456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138457,138458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138459,138453],{"class":59},[20,138461,138462,138463,171],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138464,40801],{},[44,138466,138468],{"className":46,"code":138467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138469,138470,138482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138473,34233],{"class":59},[53,138475,64],{"class":63},[53,138477,84],{"class":71},[53,138479,138416],{"class":75},[53,138481,1032],{"class":71},[53,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138485,137],{"class":136},[53,138487,121],{"class":67},[53,138489,34254],{"class":117},[53,138491,37],{"class":67},[53,138493,34545],{"class":117},[53,138495,121],{"class":67},[53,138497,72],{"class":71},[53,138499,570],{"class":75},[53,138501,72],{"class":71},[53,138503,81],{"class":67},[53,138505,84],{"class":71},[53,138507,579],{"class":75},[53,138509,72],{"class":71},[53,138511,81],{"class":67},[53,138513,821],{"class":333},[53,138515,628],{"class":67},[20,138517,388],{},[44,138519,138521],{"className":46,"code":138520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue red red\n",[15,138522,138523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138524,138525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138526,138520],{"class":59},[1418,138528,138530,138531,138533],{"id":138529},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138532,123909],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138535,138536],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[173,138538,138539,138546,138553],{},[176,138540,152,138541,138545],{},[195,138542,138543],{"href":128425},[15,138544,60063],{}," to break a string into a list",[176,138547,152,138548,138552],{},[195,138549,138550],{"href":136308},[15,138551,41195],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[176,138554,152,138555,138557],{},[15,138556,123909],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[39,138559,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,138561,1431,138563,124065],{"id":138562},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138564,123909],{},[20,138566,138567],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1418,138569,138571],{"id":138570},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138573,138574],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1418,138576,138578],{"id":138577},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138580,138581],{},"Use the third argument:",[44,138583,138585],{"className":46,"code":138584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138586,138587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138588,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138590,34254],{"class":59},[53,138592,37],{"class":67},[53,138594,34545],{"class":117},[53,138596,121],{"class":67},[53,138598,137335],{"class":117},[53,138600,81],{"class":67},[53,138602,137340],{"class":117},[53,138604,81],{"class":67},[53,138606,821],{"class":333},[53,138608,130],{"class":67},[1418,138610,1446,138612,138614],{"id":138611},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138613,123909],{}," remove text?",[20,138616,138617],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[44,138619,138621],{"className":46,"code":138620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138622,138623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138624,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138626,34254],{"class":59},[53,138628,37],{"class":67},[53,138630,34545],{"class":117},[53,138632,121],{"class":67},[53,138634,72],{"class":71},[53,138636,1735],{"class":75},[53,138638,72],{"class":71},[53,138640,81],{"class":67},[53,138642,5678],{"class":71},[53,138644,130],{"class":67},[1418,138646,14454,138648,124074],{"id":138647},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138649,123909],{},[20,138651,129267],{},[39,138653,1471],{"id":1470},[173,138655,138656,138660,138666,138672,138678],{},[176,138657,138658],{},[195,138659,124144],{"href":123906},[176,138661,138662],{},[195,138663,125738,138664,660],{"href":128425},[15,138665,60063],{},[176,138667,138668],{},[195,138669,125738,138670,660],{"href":136308},[15,138671,41195],{},[176,138673,138674],{},[195,138675,125738,138676,660],{"href":123465},[15,138677,123468],{},[176,138679,138680],{},[195,138681,124493],{"href":50518},[1494,138683,138684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":138686},[138687,138688,138690,138693,138694,138698,138702,138703,138705,138713,138723],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":137288,"depth":104,"text":138689},"What replace() does",{"id":4982,"depth":104,"text":4983,"children":138691},[138692],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":5338,"depth":104,"text":5339},{"id":137503,"depth":104,"text":137504,"children":138695},[138696,138697],{"id":137517,"depth":133,"text":137518},{"id":137598,"depth":133,"text":137599},{"id":137686,"depth":104,"text":137687,"children":138699},[138700,138701],{"id":137695,"depth":133,"text":137696},{"id":137771,"depth":133,"text":137772},{"id":123384,"depth":104,"text":123385},{"id":137967,"depth":104,"text":138704},"What replace() returns",{"id":1128,"depth":104,"text":1129,"children":138706},[138707,138709,138710,138711],{"id":138186,"depth":133,"text":138708},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138330,"depth":133,"text":138331},{"id":138399,"depth":133,"text":138400},{"id":138529,"depth":133,"text":138712},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":138714},[138715,138717,138718,138719,138721],{"id":138562,"depth":133,"text":138716},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138570,"depth":133,"text":138571},{"id":138577,"depth":133,"text":138578},{"id":138611,"depth":133,"text":138720},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138647,"depth":133,"text":138722},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137173,"description":138724},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138731,"title":138732,"body":138733,"description":140752,"extension":1524,"meta":140753,"navigation":372,"path":140754,"seo":140755,"stem":140756,"__hash__":140757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138734,"toc":140716},[138735,138740,138745,138748,138759,138761,138816,138821,138826,138833,138835,138850,138852,138908,138910,138948,138953,138955,138979,138982,138995,139000,139002,139034,139036,139069,139075,139080,139083,139093,139096,139098,139154,139156,139206,139209,139217,139220,139276,139278,139351,139364,139372,139376,139387,139390,139393,139446,139448,139480,139483,139537,139539,139574,139577,139582,139587,139592,139595,139597,139655,139657,139691,139693,139708,139711,139713,139755,139757,139783,139788,139796,139799,139801,139883,139885,139936,139939,139950,139958,139960,140033,140035,140053,140057,140060,140064,140091,140093,140101,140105,140140,140142,140155,140159,140162,140201,140203,140220,140225,140230,140241,140244,140255,140257,140259,140285,140288,140337,140339,140356,140359,140361,140413,140415,140447,140450,140508,140513,140515,140520,140623,140625,140639,140641,140648,140653,140658,140663,140668,140673,140676,140680,140685,140687,140713],[10,138736,122738,138738,18],{"id":138737},"python-string-split-method",[15,138739,60063],{},[20,138741,122743,138742,138744],{},[15,138743,60063],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138746,138747],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[173,138749,138750,138753,138756],{},[176,138751,138752],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[176,138754,138755],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[176,138757,138758],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[39,138760,1566],{"id":1565},[44,138762,138764],{"className":46,"code":138763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138765,138766,138779,138801,138811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138767,138768,138770,138772,138774,138777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138769,34233],{"class":59},[53,138771,64],{"class":63},[53,138773,84],{"class":71},[53,138775,138776],{"class":75},"apple,banana,cherry",[53,138778,1032],{"class":71},[53,138780,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138782,42379],{"class":59},[53,138784,64],{"class":63},[53,138786,42384],{"class":59},[53,138788,37],{"class":67},[53,138790,34014],{"class":117},[53,138792,121],{"class":67},[53,138794,72],{"class":71},[53,138796,81],{"class":75},[53,138798,72],{"class":71},[53,138800,130],{"class":67},[53,138802,138803,138805,138807,138809],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,138804,137],{"class":136},[53,138806,121],{"class":67},[53,138808,42411],{"class":117},[53,138810,130],{"class":67},[53,138812,138813],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,138814,138815],{"class":148},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138817,152,138818,138820],{},[15,138819,60063],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[39,138822,163,138824,166],{"id":138823},"what-split-does",[15,138825,60063],{},[20,138827,138828,131786,138830,37],{},[15,138829,60063],{},[30,138831,138832],{},"string method",[20,138834,48469],{},[173,138836,138837,138840,138845],{},[176,138838,138839],{},"divides a string into parts",[176,138841,119040,138842],{},[30,138843,138844],{},"new list of strings",[176,138846,119046,138847,138849],{},[30,138848,1112],{}," change the original string",[20,138851,316],{},[44,138853,138855],{"className":46,"code":138854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138856,138857,138870,138884,138888,138898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138858,138859,138861,138863,138865,138868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138860,34233],{"class":59},[53,138862,64],{"class":63},[53,138864,84],{"class":71},[53,138866,138867],{"class":75},"red blue green",[53,138869,1032],{"class":71},[53,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138873,42379],{"class":59},[53,138875,64],{"class":63},[53,138877,42384],{"class":59},[53,138879,37],{"class":67},[53,138881,34014],{"class":117},[53,138883,8192],{"class":67},[53,138885,138886],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,138887,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,138889,138890,138892,138894,138896],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,138891,137],{"class":136},[53,138893,121],{"class":67},[53,138895,34254],{"class":117},[53,138897,130],{"class":67},[53,138899,138900,138902,138904,138906],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,138901,137],{"class":136},[53,138903,121],{"class":67},[53,138905,42411],{"class":117},[53,138907,130],{"class":67},[20,138909,388],{},[44,138911,138913],{"className":46,"code":138912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138914,138915,138920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138916,138917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138918,138919],{"class":59},"red blue green\n",[53,138921,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138923,1226],{"class":67},[53,138925,2862],{"class":71},[53,138927,570],{"class":75},[53,138929,2862],{"class":71},[53,138931,81],{"class":67},[53,138933,2857],{"class":71},[53,138935,579],{"class":75},[53,138937,2862],{"class":71},[53,138939,81],{"class":67},[53,138941,2857],{"class":71},[53,138943,596],{"class":75},[53,138945,2862],{"class":71},[53,138947,101],{"class":67},[20,138949,138950,138951,37],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[195,138952,124493],{"href":50518},[39,138954,202],{"id":201},[44,138956,138958],{"className":46,"code":138957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138959,138960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138961,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138963,60706],{"class":59},[53,138965,37],{"class":67},[53,138967,34014],{"class":117},[53,138969,121],{"class":67},[53,138971,133142],{"class":117},[53,138973,81],{"class":67},[53,138975,138976],{"class":117}," maxsplit",[53,138978,130],{"class":67},[20,138980,138981],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[173,138983,138984,138989],{},[176,138985,138986,138988],{},[15,138987,133142],{}," tells Python where to split",[176,138990,138991,138994],{},[15,138992,138993],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138996,8425,138997,138999],{},[15,138998,133142],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139001,316],{},[44,139003,139005],{"className":46,"code":139004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139006,139007,139020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139008,139009,139011,139013,139015,139018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139010,34233],{"class":59},[53,139012,64],{"class":63},[53,139014,84],{"class":71},[53,139016,139017],{"class":75},"one two three",[53,139019,1032],{"class":71},[53,139021,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139023,137],{"class":136},[53,139025,121],{"class":67},[53,139027,34254],{"class":117},[53,139029,37],{"class":67},[53,139031,34014],{"class":117},[53,139033,6745],{"class":67},[20,139035,388],{},[44,139037,139039],{"className":46,"code":139038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139040,139041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139042,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139044,1226],{"class":67},[53,139046,2862],{"class":71},[53,139048,6137],{"class":75},[53,139050,2862],{"class":71},[53,139052,81],{"class":67},[53,139054,2857],{"class":71},[53,139056,78654],{"class":75},[53,139058,2862],{"class":71},[53,139060,81],{"class":67},[53,139062,2857],{"class":71},[53,139064,133624],{"class":75},[53,139066,2862],{"class":71},[53,139068,101],{"class":67},[39,139070,664,139072,139074],{"id":139071},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139073,60063],{}," with no separator",[20,139076,69557,139077,139079],{},[15,139078,60063],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139081,139082],{},"Whitespace includes:",[173,139084,139085,139087,139090],{},[176,139086,10002],{},[176,139088,139089],{},"tabs",[176,139091,139092],{},"new lines",[20,139094,139095],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139097,316],{},[44,139099,139101],{"className":46,"code":139100,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139102,139103,139126,139140,139144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139104,139105,139107,139109,139111,139114,139117,139119,139121,139124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139106,34233],{"class":59},[53,139108,64],{"class":63},[53,139110,84],{"class":71},[53,139112,139113],{"class":75},"Python   is",[53,139115,139116],{"class":33998},"\\t",[53,139118,132878],{"class":75},[53,139120,86536],{"class":33998},[53,139122,139123],{"class":75},"and useful",[53,139125,1032],{"class":71},[53,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139129,42379],{"class":59},[53,139131,64],{"class":63},[53,139133,42384],{"class":59},[53,139135,37],{"class":67},[53,139137,34014],{"class":117},[53,139139,8192],{"class":67},[53,139141,139142],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139143,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139145,139146,139148,139150,139152],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139147,137],{"class":136},[53,139149,121],{"class":67},[53,139151,42411],{"class":117},[53,139153,130],{"class":67},[20,139155,388],{},[44,139157,139159],{"className":46,"code":139158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139160,139161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139202,139204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139164,1226],{"class":67},[53,139166,2862],{"class":71},[53,139168,6848],{"class":75},[53,139170,2862],{"class":71},[53,139172,81],{"class":67},[53,139174,2857],{"class":71},[53,139176,11745],{"class":75},[53,139178,2862],{"class":71},[53,139180,81],{"class":67},[53,139182,2857],{"class":71},[53,139184,132878],{"class":75},[53,139186,2862],{"class":71},[53,139188,81],{"class":67},[53,139190,2857],{"class":71},[53,139192,129503],{"class":75},[53,139194,2862],{"class":71},[53,139196,81],{"class":67},[53,139198,2857],{"class":71},[53,139200,139201],{"class":75},"useful",[53,139203,2862],{"class":71},[53,139205,101],{"class":67},[20,139207,139208],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1418,139210,139212,10136,139214],{"id":139211},"split-vs-split",[15,139213,60063],{},[15,139215,139216],{},"split(' ')",[20,139218,139219],{},"These are not the same.",[44,139221,139223],{"className":46,"code":139222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139224,139225,139238,139242,139256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233,139236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139228,34233],{"class":59},[53,139230,64],{"class":63},[53,139232,84],{"class":71},[53,139234,139235],{"class":75},"a  b   c",[53,139237,1032],{"class":71},[53,139239,139240],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139241,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139243,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139245,137],{"class":136},[53,139247,121],{"class":67},[53,139249,34254],{"class":117},[53,139251,37],{"class":67},[53,139253,34014],{"class":117},[53,139255,6745],{"class":67},[53,139257,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139259,137],{"class":136},[53,139261,121],{"class":67},[53,139263,34254],{"class":117},[53,139265,37],{"class":67},[53,139267,34014],{"class":117},[53,139269,121],{"class":67},[53,139271,72],{"class":71},[53,139273,84],{"class":71},[53,139275,628],{"class":67},[20,139277,388],{},[44,139279,139281],{"className":46,"code":139280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139282,139283,139311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139284,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139286,1226],{"class":67},[53,139288,2862],{"class":71},[53,139290,195],{"class":75},[53,139292,2862],{"class":71},[53,139294,81],{"class":67},[53,139296,2857],{"class":71},[53,139298,704],{"class":75},[53,139300,2862],{"class":71},[53,139302,81],{"class":67},[53,139304,2857],{"class":71},[53,139306,713],{"class":75},[53,139308,2862],{"class":71},[53,139310,101],{"class":67},[53,139312,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139314,1226],{"class":67},[53,139316,2862],{"class":71},[53,139318,195],{"class":75},[53,139320,2862],{"class":71},[53,139322,81],{"class":67},[53,139324,3399],{"class":71},[53,139326,81],{"class":67},[53,139328,2857],{"class":71},[53,139330,704],{"class":75},[53,139332,2862],{"class":71},[53,139334,81],{"class":67},[53,139336,3399],{"class":71},[53,139338,81],{"class":67},[53,139340,3399],{"class":71},[53,139342,81],{"class":67},[53,139344,2857],{"class":71},[53,139346,713],{"class":75},[53,139348,2862],{"class":71},[53,139350,101],{"class":67},[173,139352,139353,139358],{},[176,139354,139355,139357],{},[15,139356,60063],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[176,139359,139360,139363],{},[15,139361,139362],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139365,139366,139367,139371],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[195,139368,125738,139369,660],{"href":136308},[15,139370,41195],{}," is often useful.",[39,139373,139375],{"id":139374},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139377,139378,139379,891,139382,1754,139384,37],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139380,139381],{},"\",\"",[15,139383,132977],{},[15,139385,139386],{},"\"::\"",[20,139388,139389],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139391,139392],{},"Example with commas:",[44,139394,139396],{"className":46,"code":139395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139397,139398,139410,139432,139436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139399,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139401,34233],{"class":59},[53,139403,64],{"class":63},[53,139405,84],{"class":71},[53,139407,138776],{"class":75},[53,139409,1032],{"class":71},[53,139411,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139413,42379],{"class":59},[53,139415,64],{"class":63},[53,139417,42384],{"class":59},[53,139419,37],{"class":67},[53,139421,34014],{"class":117},[53,139423,121],{"class":67},[53,139425,72],{"class":71},[53,139427,81],{"class":75},[53,139429,72],{"class":71},[53,139431,130],{"class":67},[53,139433,139434],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139435,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139437,139438,139440,139442,139444],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139439,137],{"class":136},[53,139441,121],{"class":67},[53,139443,42411],{"class":117},[53,139445,130],{"class":67},[20,139447,388],{},[44,139449,139450],{"className":46,"code":77833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,139451,139452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139453,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139455,1226],{"class":67},[53,139457,2862],{"class":71},[53,139459,76],{"class":75},[53,139461,2862],{"class":71},[53,139463,81],{"class":67},[53,139465,2857],{"class":71},[53,139467,87],{"class":75},[53,139469,2862],{"class":71},[53,139471,81],{"class":67},[53,139473,2857],{"class":71},[53,139475,96],{"class":75},[53,139477,2862],{"class":71},[53,139479,101],{"class":67},[20,139481,139482],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[44,139484,139486],{"className":46,"code":139485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139487,139488,139501,139523,139527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139489,139490,139492,139494,139496,139499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139491,34233],{"class":59},[53,139493,64],{"class":63},[53,139495,84],{"class":71},[53,139497,139498],{"class":75},"2024::10::31",[53,139500,1032],{"class":71},[53,139502,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139504,42379],{"class":59},[53,139506,64],{"class":63},[53,139508,42384],{"class":59},[53,139510,37],{"class":67},[53,139512,34014],{"class":117},[53,139514,121],{"class":67},[53,139516,72],{"class":71},[53,139518,76050],{"class":75},[53,139520,72],{"class":71},[53,139522,130],{"class":67},[53,139524,139525],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139526,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139528,139529,139531,139533,139535],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139530,137],{"class":136},[53,139532,121],{"class":67},[53,139534,42411],{"class":117},[53,139536,130],{"class":67},[20,139538,388],{},[44,139540,139542],{"className":46,"code":139541,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139543,139544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139545,139546,139548,139550,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139570,139572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139547,1226],{"class":67},[53,139549,2862],{"class":71},[53,139551,139552],{"class":75},"2024",[53,139554,2862],{"class":71},[53,139556,81],{"class":67},[53,139558,2857],{"class":71},[53,139560,334],{"class":75},[53,139562,2862],{"class":71},[53,139564,81],{"class":67},[53,139566,2857],{"class":71},[53,139568,139569],{"class":75},"31",[53,139571,2862],{"class":71},[53,139573,101],{"class":67},[20,139575,139576],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139578,139579,139580,37],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[195,139581,128422],{"href":128421},[39,139583,664,139585],{"id":139584},"using-maxsplit",[15,139586,138993],{},[20,139588,139589,139591],{},[15,139590,138993],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139593,139594],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139596,316],{},[44,139598,139600],{"className":46,"code":139599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139601,139602,139615,139641,139645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139603,139604,139606,139608,139610,139613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139605,34233],{"class":59},[53,139607,64],{"class":63},[53,139609,84],{"class":71},[53,139611,139612],{"class":75},"name:age:city:country",[53,139614,1032],{"class":71},[53,139616,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139639],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139618,42379],{"class":59},[53,139620,64],{"class":63},[53,139622,42384],{"class":59},[53,139624,37],{"class":67},[53,139626,34014],{"class":117},[53,139628,121],{"class":67},[53,139630,72],{"class":71},[53,139632,171],{"class":75},[53,139634,72],{"class":71},[53,139636,81],{"class":67},[53,139638,790],{"class":333},[53,139640,130],{"class":67},[53,139642,139643],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139644,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139646,139647,139649,139651,139653],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139648,137],{"class":136},[53,139650,121],{"class":67},[53,139652,42411],{"class":117},[53,139654,130],{"class":67},[20,139656,388],{},[44,139658,139660],{"className":46,"code":139659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139661,139662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139663,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139687,139689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139665,1226],{"class":67},[53,139667,2862],{"class":71},[53,139669,7220],{"class":75},[53,139671,2862],{"class":71},[53,139673,81],{"class":67},[53,139675,2857],{"class":71},[53,139677,8850],{"class":75},[53,139679,2862],{"class":71},[53,139681,81],{"class":67},[53,139683,2857],{"class":71},[53,139685,139686],{"class":75},"city:country",[53,139688,2862],{"class":71},[53,139690,101],{"class":67},[20,139692,1740],{},[173,139694,139695,139700,139705],{},[176,139696,139697,139698],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139699,171],{},[176,139701,139702,139703],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139704,171],{},[176,139706,139707],{},"then stops",[20,139709,139710],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139712,51622],{},[44,139714,139716],{"className":46,"code":139715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139717,139718,139731],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139719,139720,139722,139724,139726,139729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139721,34233],{"class":59},[53,139723,64],{"class":63},[53,139725,84],{"class":71},[53,139727,139728],{"class":75},"apple banana cherry grape",[53,139730,1032],{"class":71},[53,139732,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139734,137],{"class":136},[53,139736,121],{"class":67},[53,139738,34254],{"class":117},[53,139740,37],{"class":67},[53,139742,34014],{"class":117},[53,139744,121],{"class":67},[53,139746,72],{"class":71},[53,139748,84],{"class":71},[53,139750,81],{"class":67},[53,139752,821],{"class":333},[53,139754,628],{"class":67},[20,139756,388],{},[44,139758,139760],{"className":46,"code":139759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139761,139762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139763,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139779,139781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139765,1226],{"class":67},[53,139767,2862],{"class":71},[53,139769,76],{"class":75},[53,139771,2862],{"class":71},[53,139773,81],{"class":67},[53,139775,2857],{"class":71},[53,139777,139778],{"class":75},"banana cherry grape",[53,139780,2862],{"class":71},[53,139782,101],{"class":67},[39,139784,163,139786,11256],{"id":139785},"what-split-returns",[15,139787,60063],{},[20,139789,139790,139791,139793,139794,37],{},"The result of ",[15,139792,60063],{}," is always a ",[30,139795,7643],{},[20,139797,139798],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139800,316],{},[44,139802,139804],{"className":46,"code":139803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139805,139806,139819,139841,139845,139855,139869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139807,139808,139810,139812,139814,139817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139809,34233],{"class":59},[53,139811,64],{"class":63},[53,139813,84],{"class":71},[53,139815,139816],{"class":75},"cat,dog,bird",[53,139818,1032],{"class":71},[53,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139822,42379],{"class":59},[53,139824,64],{"class":63},[53,139826,42384],{"class":59},[53,139828,37],{"class":67},[53,139830,34014],{"class":117},[53,139832,121],{"class":67},[53,139834,72],{"class":71},[53,139836,81],{"class":75},[53,139838,72],{"class":71},[53,139840,130],{"class":67},[53,139842,139843],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139844,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,139846,139847,139849,139851,139853],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,139848,137],{"class":136},[53,139850,121],{"class":67},[53,139852,42411],{"class":117},[53,139854,130],{"class":67},[53,139856,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,139858,137],{"class":136},[53,139860,121],{"class":67},[53,139862,1321],{"class":1320},[53,139864,121],{"class":67},[53,139866,42411],{"class":117},[53,139868,628],{"class":67},[53,139870,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,139872,137],{"class":136},[53,139874,121],{"class":67},[53,139876,42411],{"class":117},[53,139878,1226],{"class":67},[53,139880,187],{"class":333},[53,139882,3449],{"class":67},[20,139884,388],{},[44,139886,139888],{"className":46,"code":139887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139889,139890,139918,139932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139891,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139893,1226],{"class":67},[53,139895,2862],{"class":71},[53,139897,36590],{"class":75},[53,139899,2862],{"class":71},[53,139901,81],{"class":67},[53,139903,2857],{"class":71},[53,139905,57661],{"class":75},[53,139907,2862],{"class":71},[53,139909,81],{"class":67},[53,139911,2857],{"class":71},[53,139913,57678],{"class":75},[53,139915,2862],{"class":71},[53,139917,101],{"class":67},[53,139919,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139921,2851],{"class":63},[53,139923,2854],{"class":1627},[53,139925,2857],{"class":71},[53,139927,7643],{"class":75},[53,139929,2862],{"class":71},[53,139931,2865],{"class":63},[53,139933,139934],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,139935,84852],{"class":59},[20,139937,139938],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[173,139940,139941,139944,139947],{},[176,139942,139943],{},"loop over it",[176,139945,139946],{},"access items by index",[176,139948,139949],{},"combine items again later",[20,139951,139952,139953,37],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[195,139954,125738,139956,660],{"href":139955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139957,132820],{},[20,139959,316],{},[44,139961,139963],{"className":46,"code":139962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139964,139965,139997,140019,140023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139966,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139968,42379],{"class":59},[53,139970,64],{"class":63},[53,139972,68],{"class":67},[53,139974,2862],{"class":71},[53,139976,36590],{"class":75},[53,139978,2862],{"class":71},[53,139980,81],{"class":67},[53,139982,2857],{"class":71},[53,139984,57661],{"class":75},[53,139986,2862],{"class":71},[53,139988,81],{"class":67},[53,139990,2857],{"class":71},[53,139992,57678],{"class":75},[53,139994,2862],{"class":71},[53,139996,101],{"class":67},[53,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140000,34233],{"class":59},[53,140002,64],{"class":63},[53,140004,84],{"class":71},[53,140006,1585],{"class":75},[53,140008,72],{"class":71},[53,140010,37],{"class":67},[53,140012,132897],{"class":117},[53,140014,121],{"class":67},[53,140016,42411],{"class":117},[53,140018,130],{"class":67},[53,140020,140021],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140022,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140024,140025,140027,140029,140031],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140026,137],{"class":136},[53,140028,121],{"class":67},[53,140030,34254],{"class":117},[53,140032,130],{"class":67},[20,140034,388],{},[44,140036,140038],{"className":46,"code":140037,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140039,140040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140043,36590],{"class":59},[53,140045,1585],{"class":63},[53,140047,57661],{"class":59},[53,140049,1585],{"class":63},[53,140051,140052],{"class":59},"bird\n",[39,140054,140056],{"id":140055},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140058,140059],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1418,140061,140063],{"id":140062},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[44,140065,140067],{"className":46,"code":140066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140068,140069,140077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140070,140071,140073,140075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140072,34233],{"class":59},[53,140074,64],{"class":63},[53,140076,7431],{"class":71},[53,140078,140079,140081,140083,140085,140087,140089],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140080,137],{"class":136},[53,140082,121],{"class":67},[53,140084,34254],{"class":117},[53,140086,37],{"class":67},[53,140088,34014],{"class":117},[53,140090,6745],{"class":67},[20,140092,388],{},[44,140094,140095],{"className":46,"code":37839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140096,140097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140098,140099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140100,37839],{"class":67},[1418,140102,140104],{"id":140103},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[44,140106,140108],{"className":46,"code":140107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140109,140110,140118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140111,140112,140114,140116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140113,34233],{"class":59},[53,140115,64],{"class":63},[53,140117,7431],{"class":71},[53,140119,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140121,137],{"class":136},[53,140123,121],{"class":67},[53,140125,34254],{"class":117},[53,140127,37],{"class":67},[53,140129,34014],{"class":117},[53,140131,121],{"class":67},[53,140133,72],{"class":71},[53,140135,81],{"class":75},[53,140137,72],{"class":71},[53,140139,628],{"class":67},[20,140141,388],{},[44,140143,140145],{"className":46,"code":140144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['']\n",[15,140146,140147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140148,140149,140151,140153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140150,1226],{"class":67},[53,140152,3333],{"class":71},[53,140154,101],{"class":67},[1418,140156,140158],{"id":140157},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140160,140161],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[44,140163,140165],{"className":46,"code":140164,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140166,140167,140179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140168,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140170,34233],{"class":59},[53,140172,64],{"class":63},[53,140174,84],{"class":71},[53,140176,3406],{"class":75},[53,140178,1032],{"class":71},[53,140180,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140182,137],{"class":136},[53,140184,121],{"class":67},[53,140186,34254],{"class":117},[53,140188,37],{"class":67},[53,140190,34014],{"class":117},[53,140192,121],{"class":67},[53,140194,72],{"class":71},[53,140196,81],{"class":75},[53,140198,72],{"class":71},[53,140200,628],{"class":67},[20,140202,388],{},[44,140204,140206],{"className":46,"code":140205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello']\n",[15,140207,140208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140209,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140211,1226],{"class":67},[53,140213,2862],{"class":71},[53,140215,3406],{"class":75},[53,140217,2862],{"class":71},[53,140219,101],{"class":67},[39,140221,1391,140223],{"id":140222},"when-to-use-split",[15,140224,60063],{},[20,140226,152,140227,140229],{},[15,140228,60063],{}," when you need to:",[173,140231,140232,140235,140238],{},[176,140233,140234],{},"split a sentence into words",[176,140236,140237],{},"split comma-separated values",[176,140239,140240],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140242,140243],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[173,140245,140246,140249,140252],{},[176,140247,140248],{},"cleaning text",[176,140250,140251],{},"parsing user input",[176,140253,140254],{},"processing simple file content",[39,140256,2389],{"id":2388},[20,140258,83623],{},[173,140260,140261,140265,140271,140274,140282],{},[176,140262,50048,140263,130958],{},[15,140264,60063],{},[176,140266,140267,140268,140270],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140269,60063],{}," returns a list, not a string",[176,140272,140273],{},"using the wrong separator",[176,140275,140276,140277,140279,140280],{},"assuming ",[15,140278,139216],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140281,60063],{},[176,140283,140284],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140286,140287],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[44,140289,140291],{"className":46,"code":140290,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140292,140293,140305,140323,140327],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140294,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140296,34233],{"class":59},[53,140298,64],{"class":63},[53,140300,84],{"class":71},[53,140302,42372],{"class":75},[53,140304,1032],{"class":71},[53,140306,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315,140317,140319,140321],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140308,34254],{"class":59},[53,140310,37],{"class":67},[53,140312,34014],{"class":117},[53,140314,121],{"class":67},[53,140316,72],{"class":71},[53,140318,81],{"class":75},[53,140320,72],{"class":71},[53,140322,130],{"class":67},[53,140324,140325],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140326,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140328,140329,140331,140333,140335],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140330,137],{"class":136},[53,140332,121],{"class":67},[53,140334,34254],{"class":117},[53,140336,130],{"class":67},[20,140338,388],{},[44,140340,140342],{"className":46,"code":140341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a,b,c\n",[15,140343,140344],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140345,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140347,195],{"class":59},[53,140349,81],{"class":67},[53,140351,704],{"class":59},[53,140353,81],{"class":67},[53,140355,68629],{"class":59},[20,140357,140358],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140360,10357],{},[44,140362,140363],{"className":46,"code":42359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140364,140365,140377,140399,140403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140366,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140368,34233],{"class":59},[53,140370,64],{"class":63},[53,140372,84],{"class":71},[53,140374,42372],{"class":75},[53,140376,1032],{"class":71},[53,140378,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140380,42379],{"class":59},[53,140382,64],{"class":63},[53,140384,42384],{"class":59},[53,140386,37],{"class":67},[53,140388,34014],{"class":117},[53,140390,121],{"class":67},[53,140392,72],{"class":71},[53,140394,81],{"class":75},[53,140396,72],{"class":71},[53,140398,130],{"class":67},[53,140400,140401],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140402,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140404,140405,140407,140409,140411],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140406,137],{"class":136},[53,140408,121],{"class":67},[53,140410,42411],{"class":117},[53,140412,130],{"class":67},[20,140414,388],{},[44,140416,140417],{"className":46,"code":42418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140418,140419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140420,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140422,1226],{"class":67},[53,140424,2862],{"class":71},[53,140426,195],{"class":75},[53,140428,2862],{"class":71},[53,140430,81],{"class":67},[53,140432,2857],{"class":71},[53,140434,704],{"class":75},[53,140436,2862],{"class":71},[53,140438,81],{"class":67},[53,140440,2857],{"class":71},[53,140442,713],{"class":75},[53,140444,2862],{"class":71},[53,140446,101],{"class":67},[20,140448,140449],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[44,140451,140453],{"className":46,"code":140452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140454,140455,140468,140490,140494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140456,140457,140459,140461,140463,140466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140458,34233],{"class":59},[53,140460,64],{"class":63},[53,140462,84],{"class":71},[53,140464,140465],{"class":75},"apple,banana",[53,140467,1032],{"class":71},[53,140469,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140471,42379],{"class":59},[53,140473,64],{"class":63},[53,140475,42384],{"class":59},[53,140477,37],{"class":67},[53,140479,34014],{"class":117},[53,140481,121],{"class":67},[53,140483,72],{"class":71},[53,140485,81],{"class":75},[53,140487,72],{"class":71},[53,140489,130],{"class":67},[53,140491,140492],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140493,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140495,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140497,137],{"class":136},[53,140499,121],{"class":67},[53,140501,42411],{"class":117},[53,140503,1226],{"class":67},[53,140505,525],{"class":333},[53,140507,3449],{"class":67},[20,140509,140510,140511,37],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[195,140512,68642],{"href":68641},[1418,140514,60242],{"id":60241},[20,140516,8425,140517,140519],{},[15,140518,60063],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[44,140521,140523],{"className":46,"code":140522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140524,140525,140535,140549,140571,140597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140526,140527,140529,140531,140533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140528,137],{"class":136},[53,140530,121],{"class":67},[53,140532,34254],{"class":117},[53,140534,130],{"class":67},[53,140536,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140538,137],{"class":136},[53,140540,121],{"class":67},[53,140542,34254],{"class":117},[53,140544,37],{"class":67},[53,140546,34014],{"class":117},[53,140548,6745],{"class":67},[53,140550,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140552,137],{"class":136},[53,140554,121],{"class":67},[53,140556,34254],{"class":117},[53,140558,37],{"class":67},[53,140560,34014],{"class":117},[53,140562,121],{"class":67},[53,140564,2862],{"class":71},[53,140566,81],{"class":75},[53,140568,2862],{"class":71},[53,140570,628],{"class":67},[53,140572,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140574,137],{"class":136},[53,140576,121],{"class":67},[53,140578,10711],{"class":136},[53,140580,121],{"class":67},[53,140582,34254],{"class":117},[53,140584,37],{"class":67},[53,140586,34014],{"class":117},[53,140588,121],{"class":67},[53,140590,2862],{"class":71},[53,140592,81],{"class":75},[53,140594,2862],{"class":71},[53,140596,2472],{"class":67},[53,140598,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,140600,137],{"class":136},[53,140602,121],{"class":67},[53,140604,1321],{"class":1320},[53,140606,121],{"class":67},[53,140608,34254],{"class":117},[53,140610,37],{"class":67},[53,140612,34014],{"class":117},[53,140614,121],{"class":67},[53,140616,2862],{"class":71},[53,140618,81],{"class":75},[53,140620,2862],{"class":71},[53,140622,2472],{"class":67},[20,140624,10720],{},[173,140626,140627,140630,140633,140636],{},[176,140628,140629],{},"what the original string looks like",[176,140631,140632],{},"which separator works",[176,140634,140635],{},"how many items were created",[176,140637,140638],{},"that the result is a list",[39,140640,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,140642,4731,140644,667,140646,1459],{"id":140643},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140645,60063],{},[15,140647,139216],{},[20,140649,140650,140652],{},[15,140651,60063],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140654,140655,140657],{},[15,140656,139216],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1418,140659,1431,140661,124065],{"id":140660},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140662,60063],{},[20,140664,140665,140666,56014],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140667,60063],{},[1418,140669,1421,140671,39502],{"id":140670},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140672,138993],{},[20,140674,140675],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1418,140677,140679],{"id":140678},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140681,28605,140682,140684],{},[15,140683,60063],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[39,140686,1471],{"id":1470},[173,140688,140689,140693,140699,140705,140709],{},[176,140690,140691],{},[195,140692,129343],{"href":128421},[176,140694,140695],{},[195,140696,125738,140697,660],{"href":139955},[15,140698,132820],{},[176,140700,140701],{},[195,140702,125738,140703,660],{"href":136308},[15,140704,41195],{},[176,140706,140707],{},[195,140708,124493],{"href":50518},[176,140710,140711],{},[195,140712,68642],{"href":68641},[1494,140714,140715],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":140717},[140718,140719,140721,140722,140727,140728,140730,140732,140737,140739,140742,140751],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":138823,"depth":104,"text":140720},"What split() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":139071,"depth":104,"text":140723,"children":140724},"Using split() with no separator",[140725],{"id":139211,"depth":133,"text":140726},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139374,"depth":104,"text":139375},{"id":139584,"depth":104,"text":140729},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139785,"depth":104,"text":140731},"What split() returns",{"id":140055,"depth":104,"text":140056,"children":140733},[140734,140735,140736],{"id":140062,"depth":133,"text":140063},{"id":140103,"depth":133,"text":140104},{"id":140157,"depth":133,"text":140158},{"id":140222,"depth":104,"text":140738},"When to use split()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":140740},[140741],{"id":60241,"depth":133,"text":60242},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":140743},[140744,140746,140748,140750],{"id":140643,"depth":133,"text":140745},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140660,"depth":133,"text":140747},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140670,"depth":133,"text":140749},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140678,"depth":133,"text":140679},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138732,"description":140752},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140759,"title":140760,"body":140761,"description":142704,"extension":1524,"meta":142705,"navigation":372,"path":142706,"seo":142707,"stem":142708,"__hash__":142709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140762,"toc":142663},[140763,140768,140773,140780,140853,140858,140863,140868,140884,140886,140956,140958,140960,140980,140982,141027,141032,141034,141132,141137,141141,141146,141150,141153,141195,141199,141202,141247,141251,141254,141304,141308,141313,141365,141367,141372,141383,141388,141468,141470,141482,141491,141498,141513,141515,141630,141636,141640,141643,141648,141790,141793,141800,141802,141806,141814,141883,141889,141938,141943,141948,141950,141970,141972,142038,142040,142044,142047,142051,142092,142094,142127,142132,142135,142162,142164,142207,142214,142219,142229,142295,142299,142307,142312,142363,142367,142370,142372,142381,142383,142433,142435,142542,142544,142549,142556,142562,142565,142596,142601,142603,142610,142618,142627,142630,142632,142660],[10,140764,122738,140766,18],{"id":140765},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140767,127106],{},[20,140769,122743,140770,140772],{},[15,140771,127106],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140774,125804,140775,2438,140777,140779],{},[15,140776,3167],{},[15,140778,3234],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[44,140781,140783],{"className":46,"code":140782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140784,140785,140798,140802,140827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140786,140787,140789,140791,140793,140796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140788,34233],{"class":59},[53,140790,64],{"class":63},[53,140792,84],{"class":71},[53,140794,140795],{"class":75},"Python Beginner Help",[53,140797,1032],{"class":71},[53,140799,140800],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140801,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140805,137],{"class":136},[53,140807,121],{"class":67},[53,140809,34254],{"class":117},[53,140811,37],{"class":67},[53,140813,140814],{"class":117},"startswith",[53,140816,121],{"class":67},[53,140818,72],{"class":71},[53,140820,6848],{"class":75},[53,140822,72],{"class":71},[53,140824,762],{"class":67},[53,140826,43398],{"class":148},[53,140828,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140846,140848,140850],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140830,137],{"class":136},[53,140832,121],{"class":67},[53,140834,34254],{"class":117},[53,140836,37],{"class":67},[53,140838,140814],{"class":117},[53,140840,121],{"class":67},[53,140842,72],{"class":71},[53,140844,140845],{"class":75},"Beginner",[53,140847,72],{"class":71},[53,140849,762],{"class":67},[53,140851,140852],{"class":148}," # False\n",[20,140854,152,140855,140857],{},[15,140856,127106],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[39,140859,163,140861,166],{"id":140860},"what-startswith-does",[15,140862,127106],{},[20,140864,140865,140867],{},[15,140866,127106],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[173,140869,140870,140873,140879,140881],{},[176,140871,140872],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[176,140874,4701,140875,2438,140877],{},[15,140876,3167],{},[15,140878,3234],{},[176,140880,122881],{},[176,140882,140883],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140885,316],{},[44,140887,140889],{"className":46,"code":140888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140890,140891,140903,140907,140932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140892,140893,140895,140897,140899,140901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140894,7426],{"class":59},[53,140896,64],{"class":63},[53,140898,84],{"class":71},[53,140900,6848],{"class":75},[53,140902,1032],{"class":71},[53,140904,140905],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140906,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,140908,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921,140923,140926,140928,140930],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,140910,137],{"class":136},[53,140912,121],{"class":67},[53,140914,7220],{"class":117},[53,140916,37],{"class":67},[53,140918,140814],{"class":117},[53,140920,121],{"class":67},[53,140922,72],{"class":71},[53,140924,140925],{"class":75},"Py",[53,140927,72],{"class":71},[53,140929,762],{"class":67},[53,140931,43398],{"class":148},[53,140933,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,140935,137],{"class":136},[53,140937,121],{"class":67},[53,140939,7220],{"class":117},[53,140941,37],{"class":67},[53,140943,140814],{"class":117},[53,140945,121],{"class":67},[53,140947,72],{"class":71},[53,140949,128184],{"class":75},[53,140951,72],{"class":71},[53,140953,762],{"class":67},[53,140955,43415],{"class":148},[39,140957,202],{"id":201},[20,140959,41927],{},[44,140961,140963],{"className":46,"code":140962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140964,140965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140966,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140968,60706],{"class":59},[53,140970,37],{"class":67},[53,140972,140814],{"class":117},[53,140974,121],{"class":67},[53,140976,140977],{"class":117},"prefix",[53,140979,130],{"class":67},[20,140981,30308],{},[44,140983,140985],{"className":46,"code":140984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140986,140987,141005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140988,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140990,60706],{"class":59},[53,140992,37],{"class":67},[53,140994,140814],{"class":117},[53,140996,121],{"class":67},[53,140998,140977],{"class":117},[53,141000,81],{"class":67},[53,141002,251],{"class":117},[53,141004,130],{"class":67},[53,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141008,60706],{"class":59},[53,141010,37],{"class":67},[53,141012,140814],{"class":117},[53,141014,121],{"class":67},[53,141016,140977],{"class":117},[53,141018,81],{"class":67},[53,141020,251],{"class":117},[53,141022,81],{"class":67},[53,141024,256],{"class":117},[53,141026,130],{"class":67},[20,141028,20318,141029,141031],{},[15,141030,140977],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141033,316],{},[44,141035,141037],{"className":46,"code":141036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141038,141039,141051,141055,141080,141104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141040,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141042,34233],{"class":59},[53,141044,64],{"class":63},[53,141046,84],{"class":71},[53,141048,59938],{"class":75},[53,141050,1032],{"class":71},[53,141052,141053],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141054,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141056,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141058,137],{"class":136},[53,141060,121],{"class":67},[53,141062,34254],{"class":117},[53,141064,37],{"class":67},[53,141066,140814],{"class":117},[53,141068,121],{"class":67},[53,141070,72],{"class":71},[53,141072,3406],{"class":75},[53,141074,72],{"class":71},[53,141076,762],{"class":67},[53,141078,141079],{"class":148},"      # True\n",[53,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,141083,137],{"class":136},[53,141085,121],{"class":67},[53,141087,34254],{"class":117},[53,141089,37],{"class":67},[53,141091,140814],{"class":117},[53,141093,121],{"class":67},[53,141095,72],{"class":71},[53,141097,60123],{"class":75},[53,141099,72],{"class":71},[53,141101,762],{"class":67},[53,141103,20746],{"class":148},[53,141105,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,141107,137],{"class":136},[53,141109,121],{"class":67},[53,141111,34254],{"class":117},[53,141113,37],{"class":67},[53,141115,140814],{"class":117},[53,141117,121],{"class":67},[53,141119,72],{"class":71},[53,141121,60123],{"class":75},[53,141123,72],{"class":71},[53,141125,81],{"class":67},[53,141127,37187],{"class":333},[53,141129,762],{"class":67},[53,141131,43398],{"class":148},[20,141133,141134,141135,37],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[195,141136,124493],{"href":50518},[39,141138,141140],{"id":141139},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141142,141143,141145],{},[15,141144,127106],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1418,141147,141148],{"id":140977},[15,141149,140977],{},[20,141151,141152],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[44,141154,141156],{"className":46,"code":141155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141157,141158,141170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141159,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141161,34233],{"class":59},[53,141163,64],{"class":63},[53,141165,84],{"class":71},[53,141167,87],{"class":75},[53,141169,1032],{"class":71},[53,141171,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141189,141191,141193],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141173,137],{"class":136},[53,141175,121],{"class":67},[53,141177,34254],{"class":117},[53,141179,37],{"class":67},[53,141181,140814],{"class":117},[53,141183,121],{"class":67},[53,141185,72],{"class":71},[53,141187,141188],{"class":75},"ban",[53,141190,72],{"class":71},[53,141192,762],{"class":67},[53,141194,3224],{"class":148},[1418,141196,141197],{"id":273},[15,141198,273],{},[20,141200,141201],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[44,141203,141205],{"className":46,"code":141204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141206,141207,141219],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141208,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141210,34233],{"class":59},[53,141212,64],{"class":63},[53,141214,84],{"class":71},[53,141216,59938],{"class":75},[53,141218,1032],{"class":71},[53,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141222,137],{"class":136},[53,141224,121],{"class":67},[53,141226,34254],{"class":117},[53,141228,37],{"class":67},[53,141230,140814],{"class":117},[53,141232,121],{"class":67},[53,141234,72],{"class":71},[53,141236,60123],{"class":75},[53,141238,72],{"class":71},[53,141240,81],{"class":67},[53,141242,37187],{"class":333},[53,141244,762],{"class":67},[53,141246,3224],{"class":148},[1418,141248,141249],{"id":279},[15,141250,279],{},[20,141252,141253],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[44,141255,141257],{"className":46,"code":141256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141258,141259,141271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141260,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141262,34233],{"class":59},[53,141264,64],{"class":63},[53,141266,84],{"class":71},[53,141268,59938],{"class":75},[53,141270,1032],{"class":71},[53,141272,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141274,137],{"class":136},[53,141276,121],{"class":67},[53,141278,34254],{"class":117},[53,141280,37],{"class":67},[53,141282,140814],{"class":117},[53,141284,121],{"class":67},[53,141286,72],{"class":71},[53,141288,141289],{"class":75},"wor",[53,141291,72],{"class":71},[53,141293,81],{"class":67},[53,141295,37187],{"class":333},[53,141297,81],{"class":67},[53,141299,53675],{"class":333},[53,141301,762],{"class":67},[53,141303,3224],{"class":148},[1418,141305,141307],{"id":141306},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141309,141310,141312],{},[15,141311,140977],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[44,141314,141316],{"className":46,"code":141315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141317,141318,141331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141319,141320,141322,141324,141326,141329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141321,125821],{"class":59},[53,141323,64],{"class":63},[53,141325,84],{"class":71},[53,141327,141328],{"class":75},"img_001.png",[53,141330,1032],{"class":71},[53,141332,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141350,141352,141354,141356,141359,141361,141363],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141334,137],{"class":136},[53,141336,121],{"class":67},[53,141338,125839],{"class":117},[53,141340,37],{"class":67},[53,141342,140814],{"class":117},[53,141344,5062],{"class":67},[53,141346,72],{"class":71},[53,141348,141349],{"class":75},"img_",[53,141351,72],{"class":71},[53,141353,81],{"class":67},[53,141355,84],{"class":71},[53,141357,141358],{"class":75},"photo_",[53,141360,72],{"class":71},[53,141362,50634],{"class":67},[53,141364,3224],{"class":148},[39,141366,16967],{"id":16966},[20,141368,141369,141371],{},[15,141370,127106],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[173,141373,141374,141379],{},[176,141375,141376,141378],{},[15,141377,3167],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[176,141380,141381,126423],{},[15,141382,3234],{},[20,141384,141385,141386,6723],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141387,1042],{},[44,141389,141391],{"className":46,"code":141390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141392,141393,141407,141411,141432,141447,141453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141394,141395,141398,141400,141402,141405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141396,141397],{"class":59},"command ",[53,141399,64],{"class":63},[53,141401,84],{"class":71},[53,141403,141404],{"class":75},"\u002Fhelp",[53,141406,1032],{"class":71},[53,141408,141409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141410,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141412,141413,141415,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141414,1042],{"class":1041},[53,141416,141417],{"class":59}," command",[53,141419,37],{"class":67},[53,141421,140814],{"class":117},[53,141423,121],{"class":67},[53,141425,72],{"class":71},[53,141427,126630],{"class":75},[53,141429,72],{"class":71},[53,141431,7891],{"class":67},[53,141433,141434,141436,141438,141440,141443,141445],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,141435,1058],{"class":136},[53,141437,121],{"class":67},[53,141439,72],{"class":71},[53,141441,141442],{"class":75},"This looks like a command.",[53,141444,72],{"class":71},[53,141446,130],{"class":67},[53,141448,141449,141451],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,141450,1079],{"class":1041},[53,141452,1053],{"class":67},[53,141454,141455,141457,141459,141461,141464,141466],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,141456,1058],{"class":136},[53,141458,121],{"class":67},[53,141460,72],{"class":71},[53,141462,141463],{"class":75},"This is normal text.",[53,141465,72],{"class":71},[53,141467,130],{"class":67},[20,141469,388],{},[44,141471,141473],{"className":46,"code":141472,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141474,141475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141476,141477,141480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141478,141479],{"class":59},"This looks like a command",[53,141481,121770],{"class":67},[39,141483,664,141485,8254,141487,667,141489],{"id":141484},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141486,127106],{},[15,141488,273],{},[15,141490,279],{},[20,141492,1541,141493,667,141495,141497],{},[15,141494,273],{},[15,141496,279],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[173,141499,141500,141505,141510],{},[176,141501,141502,141504],{},[15,141503,273],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[176,141506,141507,141509],{},[15,141508,279],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[176,141511,141512],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141514,316],{},[44,141516,141518],{"className":46,"code":141517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141519,141520,141532,141536,141565,141598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141523,34233],{"class":59},[53,141525,64],{"class":63},[53,141527,84],{"class":71},[53,141529,139017],{"class":75},[53,141531,1032],{"class":71},[53,141533,141534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141535,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141537,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141562],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141539,137],{"class":136},[53,141541,121],{"class":67},[53,141543,34254],{"class":117},[53,141545,37],{"class":67},[53,141547,140814],{"class":117},[53,141549,121],{"class":67},[53,141551,72],{"class":71},[53,141553,78654],{"class":75},[53,141555,72],{"class":71},[53,141557,81],{"class":67},[53,141559,826],{"class":333},[53,141561,762],{"class":67},[53,141563,141564],{"class":148},"        # True\n",[53,141566,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141589,141591,141594,141596],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,141568,137],{"class":136},[53,141570,121],{"class":67},[53,141572,34254],{"class":117},[53,141574,37],{"class":67},[53,141576,140814],{"class":117},[53,141578,121],{"class":67},[53,141580,72],{"class":71},[53,141582,133624],{"class":75},[53,141584,72],{"class":71},[53,141586,81],{"class":67},[53,141588,5912],{"class":333},[53,141590,81],{"class":67},[53,141592,141593],{"class":333}," 13",[53,141595,762],{"class":67},[53,141597,3224],{"class":148},[53,141599,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,141601,137],{"class":136},[53,141603,121],{"class":67},[53,141605,34254],{"class":117},[53,141607,37],{"class":67},[53,141609,140814],{"class":117},[53,141611,121],{"class":67},[53,141613,72],{"class":71},[53,141615,133624],{"class":75},[53,141617,72],{"class":71},[53,141619,81],{"class":67},[53,141621,5912],{"class":333},[53,141623,81],{"class":67},[53,141625,30487],{"class":333},[53,141627,762],{"class":67},[53,141629,1293],{"class":148},[20,141631,141632,141633,141635],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141634,279],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[39,141637,141639],{"id":141638},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141641,141642],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141644,141645,141646,48890],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141647,40378],{},[44,141649,141651],{"className":46,"code":141650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141652,141653,141667,141681,141695,141699,141723,141727,141748,141769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141654,141655,141658,141660,141662,141665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141656,141657],{"class":59},"filename1 ",[53,141659,64],{"class":63},[53,141661,84],{"class":71},[53,141663,141664],{"class":75},"img_101.jpg",[53,141666,1032],{"class":71},[53,141668,141669,141672,141674,141676,141679],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141670,141671],{"class":59},"filename2 ",[53,141673,64],{"class":63},[53,141675,84],{"class":71},[53,141677,141678],{"class":75},"photo_202.jpg",[53,141680,1032],{"class":71},[53,141682,141683,141686,141688,141690,141693],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141684,141685],{"class":59},"filename3 ",[53,141687,64],{"class":63},[53,141689,84],{"class":71},[53,141691,141692],{"class":75},"doc_303.jpg",[53,141694,1032],{"class":71},[53,141696,141697],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,141698,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141700,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,141702,127033],{"class":59},[53,141704,64],{"class":63},[53,141706,8787],{"class":67},[53,141708,72],{"class":71},[53,141710,141349],{"class":75},[53,141712,72],{"class":71},[53,141714,81],{"class":67},[53,141716,84],{"class":71},[53,141718,141358],{"class":75},[53,141720,72],{"class":71},[53,141722,130],{"class":67},[53,141724,141725],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,141726,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141728,141729,141731,141733,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,141730,137],{"class":136},[53,141732,121],{"class":67},[53,141734,141735],{"class":117},"filename1",[53,141737,37],{"class":67},[53,141739,140814],{"class":117},[53,141741,121],{"class":67},[53,141743,127085],{"class":117},[53,141745,762],{"class":67},[53,141747,3224],{"class":148},[53,141749,141750,141752,141754,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,141751,137],{"class":136},[53,141753,121],{"class":67},[53,141755,141756],{"class":117},"filename2",[53,141758,37],{"class":67},[53,141760,140814],{"class":117},[53,141762,121],{"class":67},[53,141764,127085],{"class":117},[53,141766,762],{"class":67},[53,141768,3224],{"class":148},[53,141770,141771,141773,141775,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,141772,137],{"class":136},[53,141774,121],{"class":67},[53,141776,141777],{"class":117},"filename3",[53,141779,37],{"class":67},[53,141781,140814],{"class":117},[53,141783,121],{"class":67},[53,141785,127085],{"class":117},[53,141787,762],{"class":67},[53,141789,1293],{"class":148},[20,141791,141792],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141794,74155,141795,141799],{},[195,141796,125738,141797,660],{"href":129332},[15,141798,125796],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[39,141801,123385],{"id":123384},[20,141803,141804,123196],{},[15,141805,127106],{},[20,141807,126783,141808,667,141811,126790],{},[15,141809,141810],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141812,141813],{},"\"python\"",[44,141815,141817],{"className":46,"code":141816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141818,141819,141831,141835,141859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141820,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141822,34233],{"class":59},[53,141824,64],{"class":63},[53,141826,84],{"class":71},[53,141828,6848],{"class":75},[53,141830,1032],{"class":71},[53,141832,141833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141834,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141836,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141838,137],{"class":136},[53,141840,121],{"class":67},[53,141842,34254],{"class":117},[53,141844,37],{"class":67},[53,141846,140814],{"class":117},[53,141848,121],{"class":67},[53,141850,72],{"class":71},[53,141852,140925],{"class":75},[53,141854,72],{"class":71},[53,141856,762],{"class":67},[53,141858,3224],{"class":148},[53,141860,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,141862,137],{"class":136},[53,141864,121],{"class":67},[53,141866,34254],{"class":117},[53,141868,37],{"class":67},[53,141870,140814],{"class":117},[53,141872,121],{"class":67},[53,141874,72],{"class":71},[53,141876,128184],{"class":75},[53,141878,72],{"class":71},[53,141880,762],{"class":67},[53,141882,1293],{"class":148},[20,141884,126875,141885,37],{},[195,141886,141887],{"href":123465},[15,141888,123468],{},[44,141890,141892],{"className":46,"code":141891,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141893,141894,141906,141910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141895,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141897,34233],{"class":59},[53,141899,64],{"class":63},[53,141901,84],{"class":71},[53,141903,6848],{"class":75},[53,141905,1032],{"class":71},[53,141907,141908],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141909,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141911,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141913,137],{"class":136},[53,141915,121],{"class":67},[53,141917,34254],{"class":117},[53,141919,37],{"class":67},[53,141921,8189],{"class":117},[53,141923,8186],{"class":67},[53,141925,140814],{"class":117},[53,141927,121],{"class":67},[53,141929,72],{"class":71},[53,141931,128184],{"class":75},[53,141933,72],{"class":71},[53,141935,762],{"class":67},[53,141937,3224],{"class":148},[39,141939,1391,141941],{"id":141940},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141942,127106],{},[20,141944,141945,141947],{},[15,141946,127106],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141949,8925],{},[173,141951,141952,141955,141958,141967],{},[176,141953,141954],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[176,141956,141957],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[176,141959,141960,141961,2438,141964],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141962,141963],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141965,141966],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[176,141968,141969],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141971,316],{},[44,141973,141975],{"className":46,"code":141974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141976,141977,141990,141994,142023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141978,141979,141981,141983,141985,141988],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141980,126601],{"class":59},[53,141982,64],{"class":63},[53,141984,84],{"class":71},[53,141986,141987],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[53,141989,1032],{"class":71},[53,141991,141992],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141993,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,141995,141996,141998,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,141997,1042],{"class":1041},[53,141999,142000],{"class":59}," url",[53,142002,37],{"class":67},[53,142004,140814],{"class":117},[53,142006,5062],{"class":67},[53,142008,72],{"class":71},[53,142010,141963],{"class":75},[53,142012,72],{"class":71},[53,142014,81],{"class":67},[53,142016,84],{"class":71},[53,142018,141966],{"class":75},[53,142020,72],{"class":71},[53,142022,68946],{"class":67},[53,142024,142025,142027,142029,142031,142034,142036],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,142026,1058],{"class":136},[53,142028,121],{"class":67},[53,142030,72],{"class":71},[53,142032,142033],{"class":75},"This looks like a web URL.",[53,142035,72],{"class":71},[53,142037,130],{"class":67},[39,142039,2389],{"id":2388},[20,142041,22640,142042,37],{},[15,142043,127106],{},[1418,142045,138178],{"id":142046},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142048,142049,123196],{},[15,142050,127106],{},[44,142052,142054],{"className":46,"code":142053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142055,142056,142068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142057,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142059,34233],{"class":59},[53,142061,64],{"class":63},[53,142063,84],{"class":71},[53,142065,6848],{"class":75},[53,142067,1032],{"class":71},[53,142069,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142071,137],{"class":136},[53,142073,121],{"class":67},[53,142075,34254],{"class":117},[53,142077,37],{"class":67},[53,142079,140814],{"class":117},[53,142081,121],{"class":67},[53,142083,72],{"class":71},[53,142085,48],{"class":75},[53,142087,72],{"class":71},[53,142089,762],{"class":67},[53,142091,1293],{"class":148},[20,142093,38804],{},[44,142095,142097],{"className":46,"code":142096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142098,142099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142100,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142102,137],{"class":136},[53,142104,121],{"class":67},[53,142106,34254],{"class":117},[53,142108,37],{"class":67},[53,142110,8189],{"class":117},[53,142112,8186],{"class":67},[53,142114,140814],{"class":117},[53,142116,121],{"class":67},[53,142118,72],{"class":71},[53,142120,48],{"class":75},[53,142122,72],{"class":71},[53,142124,762],{"class":67},[53,142126,3224],{"class":148},[1418,142128,29194,142130,136660],{"id":142129},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142131,127106],{},[20,142133,142134],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[44,142136,142138],{"className":46,"code":142137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142139,142140,142148,142152,142157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142141,142142,142144,142146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142143,2006],{"class":59},[53,142145,64],{"class":63},[53,142147,124420],{"class":333},[53,142149,142150],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142151,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,142153,142154],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142155,142156],{"class":148},"# This will cause an error:\n",[53,142158,142159],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,142160,142161],{"class":148},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142163,38804],{},[44,142165,142167],{"className":46,"code":142166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142168,142169,142183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142170,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142172,2006],{"class":59},[53,142174,64],{"class":63},[53,142176,48446],{"class":1320},[53,142178,121],{"class":67},[53,142180,49788],{"class":333},[53,142182,130],{"class":67},[53,142184,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142186,137],{"class":136},[53,142188,121],{"class":67},[53,142190,224],{"class":117},[53,142192,37],{"class":67},[53,142194,140814],{"class":117},[53,142196,121],{"class":67},[53,142198,72],{"class":71},[53,142200,517],{"class":75},[53,142202,72],{"class":71},[53,142204,762],{"class":67},[53,142206,3224],{"class":148},[1418,142208,36747,142210,8254,142212],{"id":142209},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142211,127106],{},[15,142213,1048],{},[20,142215,142216,142218],{},[15,142217,127106],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142220,142221,142222,142224,142225,37],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142223,1048],{}," or methods like ",[195,142226,142227],{"href":123748},[15,142228,123733],{},[44,142230,142232],{"className":46,"code":142231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142233,142234,142246,142250,142274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142235,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142237,34233],{"class":59},[53,142239,64],{"class":63},[53,142241,84],{"class":71},[53,142243,59938],{"class":75},[53,142245,1032],{"class":71},[53,142247,142248],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142249,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142253,137],{"class":136},[53,142255,121],{"class":67},[53,142257,34254],{"class":117},[53,142259,37],{"class":67},[53,142261,140814],{"class":117},[53,142263,121],{"class":67},[53,142265,72],{"class":71},[53,142267,60123],{"class":75},[53,142269,72],{"class":71},[53,142271,762],{"class":67},[53,142273,1293],{"class":148},[53,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,142277,137],{"class":136},[53,142279,121],{"class":67},[53,142281,72],{"class":71},[53,142283,60123],{"class":75},[53,142285,72],{"class":71},[53,142287,1286],{"class":1041},[53,142289,42384],{"class":117},[53,142291,145],{"class":67},[53,142293,142294],{"class":148},"           # True\n",[20,142296,135212,142297,37],{},[195,142298,126774],{"href":122993},[1418,142300,4261,142302,667,142304,142306],{"id":142301},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142303,273],{},[15,142305,279],{}," use index positions",[20,142308,142309,142310,37],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142311,187],{},[44,142313,142315],{"className":46,"code":142314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142316,142317,142330,142334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142320,34233],{"class":59},[53,142322,64],{"class":63},[53,142324,84],{"class":71},[53,142326,142327],{"class":75},"abcdef",[53,142329,1032],{"class":71},[53,142331,142332],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142333,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,142335,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348,142350,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142337,137],{"class":136},[53,142339,121],{"class":67},[53,142341,34254],{"class":117},[53,142343,37],{"class":67},[53,142345,140814],{"class":117},[53,142347,121],{"class":67},[53,142349,72],{"class":71},[53,142351,142352],{"class":75},"cd",[53,142354,72],{"class":71},[53,142356,81],{"class":67},[53,142358,790],{"class":333},[53,142360,762],{"class":67},[53,142362,3224],{"class":148},[1418,142364,142366],{"id":142365},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142368,142369],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142371,1209],{},[44,142373,142375],{"className":46,"code":142374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142376,142377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142378,142379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142380,142374],{"class":148},[20,142382,1183],{},[44,142384,142386],{"className":46,"code":142385,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142387,142388,142400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142389,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142391,34233],{"class":59},[53,142393,64],{"class":63},[53,142395,84],{"class":71},[53,142397,6848],{"class":75},[53,142399,1032],{"class":71},[53,142401,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142427,142429,142431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142403,137],{"class":136},[53,142405,121],{"class":67},[53,142407,34254],{"class":117},[53,142409,37],{"class":67},[53,142411,140814],{"class":117},[53,142413,5062],{"class":67},[53,142415,72],{"class":71},[53,142417,140925],{"class":75},[53,142419,72],{"class":71},[53,142421,81],{"class":67},[53,142423,84],{"class":71},[53,142425,142426],{"class":75},"Ja",[53,142428,72],{"class":71},[53,142430,50634],{"class":67},[53,142432,3224],{"class":148},[20,142434,31627],{},[44,142436,142438],{"className":46,"code":142437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142439,142440,142450,142464,142486,142512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142441,142442,142444,142446,142448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142443,137],{"class":136},[53,142445,121],{"class":67},[53,142447,34254],{"class":117},[53,142449,130],{"class":67},[53,142451,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142453,137],{"class":136},[53,142455,121],{"class":67},[53,142457,1321],{"class":1320},[53,142459,121],{"class":67},[53,142461,34254],{"class":117},[53,142463,628],{"class":67},[53,142465,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142467,137],{"class":136},[53,142469,121],{"class":67},[53,142471,34254],{"class":117},[53,142473,37],{"class":67},[53,142475,140814],{"class":117},[53,142477,121],{"class":67},[53,142479,72],{"class":71},[53,142481,140925],{"class":75},[53,142483,72],{"class":71},[53,142485,628],{"class":67},[53,142487,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,142489,137],{"class":136},[53,142491,121],{"class":67},[53,142493,34254],{"class":117},[53,142495,37],{"class":67},[53,142497,8189],{"class":117},[53,142499,8186],{"class":67},[53,142501,140814],{"class":117},[53,142503,121],{"class":67},[53,142505,72],{"class":71},[53,142507,128184],{"class":75},[53,142509,72],{"class":71},[53,142511,628],{"class":67},[53,142513,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534,142536,142538,142540],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,142515,137],{"class":136},[53,142517,121],{"class":67},[53,142519,34254],{"class":117},[53,142521,37],{"class":67},[53,142523,140814],{"class":117},[53,142525,5062],{"class":67},[53,142527,72],{"class":71},[53,142529,140925],{"class":75},[53,142531,72],{"class":71},[53,142533,81],{"class":67},[53,142535,84],{"class":71},[53,142537,142426],{"class":75},[53,142539,72],{"class":71},[53,142541,2472],{"class":67},[39,142543,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,142545,1431,142547,127584],{"id":142546},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142548,127106],{},[20,142550,142551,142552,2438,142554,37],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142553,3167],{},[15,142555,3234],{},[1418,142557,1446,142559,142561],{"id":142558},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142560,127106],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142563,142564],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[44,142566,142568],{"className":46,"code":142567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142569,142570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142571,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142573,34254],{"class":59},[53,142575,37],{"class":67},[53,142577,140814],{"class":117},[53,142579,5062],{"class":67},[53,142581,72],{"class":71},[53,142583,195],{"class":75},[53,142585,72],{"class":71},[53,142587,81],{"class":67},[53,142589,84],{"class":71},[53,142591,704],{"class":75},[53,142593,72],{"class":71},[53,142595,628],{"class":67},[1418,142597,14454,142599,124074],{"id":142598},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142600,127106],{},[20,142602,129267],{},[1418,142604,4731,142606,667,142608,1459],{"id":142605},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142607,127106],{},[15,142609,1048],{},[20,142611,142612,142614,142615,142617],{},[15,142613,127106],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142616,1048],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1418,142619,27872,142621,667,142623,8254,142625,1459],{"id":142620},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142622,273],{},[15,142624,279],{},[15,142626,127106],{},[20,142628,142629],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[39,142631,1471],{"id":1470},[173,142633,142634,142640,142646,142652,142656],{},[176,142635,142636],{},[195,142637,125738,142638,660],{"href":129332},[15,142639,125796],{},[176,142641,142642],{},[195,142643,125738,142644,660],{"href":123748},[15,142645,123733],{},[176,142647,142648],{},[195,142649,125738,142650,660],{"href":123465},[15,142651,123468],{},[176,142653,142654],{},[195,142655,124137],{"href":122993},[176,142657,142658],{},[195,142659,124493],{"href":50518},[1494,142661,142662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":142664},[142665,142667,142668,142674,142675,142677,142678,142679,142681,142691,142703],{"id":140860,"depth":104,"text":142666},"What startswith() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":141139,"depth":104,"text":141140,"children":142669},[142670,142671,142672,142673],{"id":140977,"depth":133,"text":140977},{"id":273,"depth":133,"text":273},{"id":279,"depth":133,"text":279},{"id":141306,"depth":133,"text":141307},{"id":16966,"depth":104,"text":16967},{"id":141484,"depth":104,"text":142676},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141638,"depth":104,"text":141639},{"id":123384,"depth":104,"text":123385},{"id":141940,"depth":104,"text":142680},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":142682},[142683,142684,142686,142688,142690],{"id":142046,"depth":133,"text":138178},{"id":142129,"depth":133,"text":142685},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142209,"depth":133,"text":142687},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142301,"depth":133,"text":142689},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142365,"depth":133,"text":142366},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":142692},[142693,142695,142697,142699,142701],{"id":142546,"depth":133,"text":142694},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142558,"depth":133,"text":142696},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142598,"depth":133,"text":142698},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142605,"depth":133,"text":142700},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142620,"depth":133,"text":142702},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140760,"description":142704},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142711,"title":142712,"body":142713,"description":144167,"extension":1524,"meta":144168,"navigation":372,"path":144169,"seo":144170,"stem":144171,"__hash__":144172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142714,"toc":144137},[142715,142720,142725,142728,142730,142774,142776,142784,142789,142794,142799,142801,142819,142821,142867,142869,142883,142892,142896,142898,142900,142912,142917,142920,142952,142954,142963,142968,142971,143012,143014,143022,143024,143037,143043,143047,143050,143066,143068,143117,143119,143128,143131,143190,143192,143201,143208,143211,143264,143266,143290,143297,143303,143307,143313,143316,143327,143329,143369,143371,143379,143381,143421,143423,143432,143434,143452,143455,143462,143473,143476,143493,143495,143572,143574,143605,143608,143610,143613,143639,143641,143681,143683,143692,143702,143710,143718,143723,143728,143730,143744,143746,143797,143799,143808,143818,143820,143822,143844,143847,143926,143928,143964,143967,144042,144047,144049,144055,144060,144065,144068,144074,144077,144084,144092,144096,144104,144106,144134],[10,142716,122738,142718,18],{"id":142717},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142719,41195],{},[20,142721,31862,142722,142724],{},[15,142723,41195],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142726,142727],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[39,142729,42],{"id":41},[44,142731,142733],{"className":46,"code":142732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142734,142735,142748,142763],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142736,142737,142739,142741,142743,142746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142738,34233],{"class":59},[53,142740,64],{"class":63},[53,142742,84],{"class":71},[53,142744,142745],{"class":75},"  hello  ",[53,142747,1032],{"class":71},[53,142749,142750,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142751,142752],{"class":59},"clean_text ",[53,142754,64],{"class":63},[53,142756,42384],{"class":59},[53,142758,37],{"class":67},[53,142760,8183],{"class":117},[53,142762,8192],{"class":67},[53,142764,142765,142767,142769,142772],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142766,137],{"class":136},[53,142768,121],{"class":67},[53,142770,142771],{"class":117},"clean_text",[53,142773,130],{"class":67},[20,142775,388],{},[44,142777,142778],{"className":46,"code":138053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,142779,142780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142781,142782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142783,138053],{"class":59},[20,142785,152,142786,142788],{},[15,142787,41195],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[39,142790,163,142792,166],{"id":142791},"what-strip-does",[15,142793,41195],{},[20,142795,142796,142798],{},[15,142797,41195],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142800,12604],{},[173,142802,142803,142807,142810,142813,142816],{},[176,142804,142805,131088],{},[15,142806,41195],{},[176,142808,142809],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[176,142811,142812],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[176,142814,142815],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[176,142817,142818],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142820,316],{},[44,142822,142824],{"className":46,"code":142823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142825,142826,142839,142843,142857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142827,142828,142830,142832,142834,142837],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142829,34233],{"class":59},[53,142831,64],{"class":63},[53,142833,84],{"class":71},[53,142835,142836],{"class":75},"  hello world  ",[53,142838,1032],{"class":71},[53,142840,142841],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142842,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,142844,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,142846,137],{"class":136},[53,142848,121],{"class":67},[53,142850,34254],{"class":117},[53,142852,37],{"class":67},[53,142854,8183],{"class":117},[53,142856,6745],{"class":67},[53,142858,142859,142861,142863,142865],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,142860,137],{"class":136},[53,142862,121],{"class":67},[53,142864,34254],{"class":117},[53,142866,130],{"class":67},[20,142868,388],{},[44,142870,142872],{"className":46,"code":142871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142873,142874,142878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142875,142876],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142877,133754],{"class":59},[53,142879,142880],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142881,142882],{"class":59},"  hello world\n",[20,142884,142885,142886,142888,142889,142891],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142887,41195],{},", but the original ",[15,142890,34254],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142893,124490,142894,37],{},[195,142895,124493],{"href":50518},[39,142897,202],{"id":201},[20,142899,26032],{},[173,142901,142902,142907],{},[176,142903,142904],{},[15,142905,142906],{},"string.strip()",[176,142908,142909],{},[15,142910,142911],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1418,142913,142915],{"id":142914},"stringstrip",[15,142916,142906],{},[20,142918,142919],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[44,142921,142923],{"className":46,"code":142922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142924,142925,142938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142926,142927,142929,142931,142933,142936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142928,7426],{"class":59},[53,142930,64],{"class":63},[53,142932,84],{"class":71},[53,142934,142935],{"class":75},"  Alice  ",[53,142937,1032],{"class":71},[53,142939,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142941,137],{"class":136},[53,142943,121],{"class":67},[53,142945,7220],{"class":117},[53,142947,37],{"class":67},[53,142949,8183],{"class":117},[53,142951,6745],{"class":67},[20,142953,388],{},[44,142955,142957],{"className":46,"code":142956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Alice\n",[15,142958,142959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142960,142961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142962,142956],{"class":59},[1418,142964,142966],{"id":142965},"stringstripchars",[15,142967,142911],{},[20,142969,142970],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[44,142972,142974],{"className":46,"code":142973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142975,142976,142989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142977,142978,142980,142982,142984,142987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142979,34233],{"class":59},[53,142981,64],{"class":63},[53,142983,84],{"class":71},[53,142985,142986],{"class":75},"!!hello??",[53,142988,1032],{"class":71},[53,142990,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999,143001,143003,143005,143008,143010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142992,137],{"class":136},[53,142994,121],{"class":67},[53,142996,34254],{"class":117},[53,142998,37],{"class":67},[53,143000,8183],{"class":117},[53,143002,121],{"class":67},[53,143004,72],{"class":71},[53,143006,143007],{"class":75},"!?",[53,143009,72],{"class":71},[53,143011,628],{"class":67},[20,143013,388],{},[44,143015,143016],{"className":46,"code":138053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143017,143018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143019,143020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143021,138053],{"class":59},[20,143023,83204],{},[173,143025,143026,143031],{},[176,143027,143028,143030],{},[15,143029,133997],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[176,143032,143033,143034,143036],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143035,133997],{}," does not matter",[39,143038,143040,143041],{"id":143039},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143042,41195],{},[20,143044,30429,143045,37],{},[15,143046,41195],{},[20,143048,143049],{},"It is useful for:",[173,143051,143052,143057,143060,143063],{},[176,143053,143054,143055,3446],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143056,2518],{},[176,143058,143059],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[176,143061,143062],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[176,143064,143065],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143067,47903],{},[44,143069,143071],{"className":46,"code":143070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143072,143073,143086,143102,143106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143074,143075,143077,143079,143081,143084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143076,7511],{"class":59},[53,143078,64],{"class":63},[53,143080,84],{"class":71},[53,143082,143083],{"class":75},"  sam  ",[53,143085,1032],{"class":71},[53,143087,143088,143091,143093,143096,143098,143100],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143089,143090],{"class":59},"clean_username ",[53,143092,64],{"class":63},[53,143094,143095],{"class":59}," username",[53,143097,37],{"class":67},[53,143099,8183],{"class":117},[53,143101,8192],{"class":67},[53,143103,143104],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143105,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143107,143108,143110,143112,143115],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143109,137],{"class":136},[53,143111,121],{"class":67},[53,143113,143114],{"class":117},"clean_username",[53,143116,130],{"class":67},[20,143118,388],{},[44,143120,143122],{"className":46,"code":143121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sam\n",[15,143123,143124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143125,143126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143127,143121],{"class":59},[20,143129,143130],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[44,143132,143134],{"className":46,"code":143133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143135,143136,143149,143153,143175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143137,143138,143140,143142,143144,143147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143139,135981],{"class":59},[53,143141,64],{"class":63},[53,143143,84],{"class":71},[53,143145,143146],{"class":75}," yes  ",[53,143148,1032],{"class":71},[53,143150,143151],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143152,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143154,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165,143167,143169,143171,143173],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143156,1042],{"class":1041},[53,143158,136001],{"class":59},[53,143160,37],{"class":67},[53,143162,8183],{"class":117},[53,143164,6917],{"class":67},[53,143166,5960],{"class":63},[53,143168,84],{"class":71},[53,143170,8207],{"class":75},[53,143172,72],{"class":71},[53,143174,1053],{"class":67},[53,143176,143177,143179,143181,143183,143186,143188],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143178,1058],{"class":136},[53,143180,121],{"class":67},[53,143182,72],{"class":71},[53,143184,143185],{"class":75},"Matched",[53,143187,72],{"class":71},[53,143189,130],{"class":67},[20,143191,388],{},[44,143193,143195],{"className":46,"code":143194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Matched\n",[15,143196,143197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143198,143199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143200,143194],{"class":59},[20,143202,143203,143204,37],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[195,143205,143207],{"href":143206},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143209,143210],{},"Example with file-style text:",[44,143212,143214],{"className":46,"code":143213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143215,143216,143232,143246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143217,143218,143221,143223,143225,143228,143230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143219,143220],{"class":59},"line ",[53,143222,64],{"class":63},[53,143224,84],{"class":71},[53,143226,143227],{"class":75},"Python basics",[53,143229,86536],{"class":33998},[53,143231,1032],{"class":71},[53,143233,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143235,137],{"class":136},[53,143237,121],{"class":67},[53,143239,41321],{"class":136},[53,143241,121],{"class":67},[53,143243,55],{"class":117},[53,143245,628],{"class":67},[53,143247,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143249,137],{"class":136},[53,143251,121],{"class":67},[53,143253,41321],{"class":136},[53,143255,121],{"class":67},[53,143257,55],{"class":117},[53,143259,37],{"class":67},[53,143261,8183],{"class":117},[53,143263,5842],{"class":67},[20,143265,388],{},[44,143267,143269],{"className":46,"code":143268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143270,143271,143282],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143272,143273,143275,143277,143280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143274,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143276,143227],{"class":42875},[53,143278,86536],{"class":143279},"sfi6f",[53,143281,29244],{"class":42871},[53,143283,143284,143286,143288],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143285,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143287,143227],{"class":42875},[53,143289,29244],{"class":42871},[20,143291,664,143292,143294,143295,37],{},[15,143293,121952],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143296,86536],{},[20,143298,143299,143300,37],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[195,143301,143302],{"href":87189},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[39,143304,143306],{"id":143305},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143308,143309,143310,37],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143311,143312],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143314,143315],{},"Python will:",[173,143317,143318,143321,143324],{},[176,143319,143320],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[176,143322,143323],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[176,143325,143326],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143328,316],{},[44,143330,143332],{"className":46,"code":143331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143333,143334,143347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143335,143336,143338,143340,143342,143345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143337,34233],{"class":59},[53,143339,64],{"class":63},[53,143341,84],{"class":71},[53,143343,143344],{"class":75},"??hello!!",[53,143346,1032],{"class":71},[53,143348,143349,143351,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143350,137],{"class":136},[53,143352,121],{"class":67},[53,143354,34254],{"class":117},[53,143356,37],{"class":67},[53,143358,8183],{"class":117},[53,143360,121],{"class":67},[53,143362,72],{"class":71},[53,143364,143007],{"class":75},[53,143366,72],{"class":71},[53,143368,628],{"class":67},[20,143370,388],{},[44,143372,143373],{"className":46,"code":138053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143374,143375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143376,143377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143378,138053],{"class":59},[20,143380,51622],{},[44,143382,143384],{"className":46,"code":143383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143385,143386,143399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143387,143388,143390,143392,143394,143397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143389,34233],{"class":59},[53,143391,64],{"class":63},[53,143393,84],{"class":71},[53,143395,143396],{"class":75},"abcHelloCba",[53,143398,1032],{"class":71},[53,143400,143401,143403,143405,143407,143409,143411,143413,143415,143417,143419],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143402,137],{"class":136},[53,143404,121],{"class":67},[53,143406,34254],{"class":117},[53,143408,37],{"class":67},[53,143410,8183],{"class":117},[53,143412,121],{"class":67},[53,143414,72],{"class":71},[53,143416,41102],{"class":75},[53,143418,72],{"class":71},[53,143420,628],{"class":67},[20,143422,388],{},[44,143424,143426],{"className":46,"code":143425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloC\n",[15,143427,143428],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143429,143430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143431,143425],{"class":59},[20,143433,5787],{},[20,143435,143436,13604,143439,143441,143442,143444,143445,891,143447,1754,143449,143451],{},[15,143437,143438],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143440,1112],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143443,41102],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143446,195],{},[15,143448,704],{},[15,143450,713],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143453,143454],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143456,143457,143458,1442],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[195,143459,143460],{"href":129319},[15,143461,123909],{},[39,143463,143465,10136,143467,10136,143470],{"id":143464},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143466,41195],{},[15,143468,143469],{},"lstrip()",[15,143471,143472],{},"rstrip()",[20,143474,143475],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[173,143477,143478,143483,143488],{},[176,143479,143480,143482],{},[15,143481,41195],{}," removes from both ends",[176,143484,143485,143487],{},[15,143486,143469],{}," removes from the left side only",[176,143489,143490,143492],{},[15,143491,143472],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143494,316],{},[44,143496,143498],{"className":46,"code":143497,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143499,143500,143512,143516,143534,143553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143501,143502,143504,143506,143508,143510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143503,34233],{"class":59},[53,143505,64],{"class":63},[53,143507,84],{"class":71},[53,143509,142745],{"class":75},[53,143511,1032],{"class":71},[53,143513,143514],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143515,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143517,143518,143520,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143519,137],{"class":136},[53,143521,121],{"class":67},[53,143523,41321],{"class":136},[53,143525,121],{"class":67},[53,143527,34254],{"class":117},[53,143529,37],{"class":67},[53,143531,8183],{"class":117},[53,143533,5842],{"class":67},[53,143535,143536,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143537,137],{"class":136},[53,143539,121],{"class":67},[53,143541,41321],{"class":136},[53,143543,121],{"class":67},[53,143545,34254],{"class":117},[53,143547,37],{"class":67},[53,143549,143550],{"class":117},"lstrip",[53,143552,5842],{"class":67},[53,143554,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143570],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,143556,137],{"class":136},[53,143558,121],{"class":67},[53,143560,41321],{"class":136},[53,143562,121],{"class":67},[53,143564,34254],{"class":117},[53,143566,37],{"class":67},[53,143568,143569],{"class":117},"rstrip",[53,143571,5842],{"class":67},[20,143573,388],{},[44,143575,143577],{"className":46,"code":143576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143578,143579,143587,143596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143580,143581,143583,143585],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143582,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143584,3406],{"class":42875},[53,143586,29244],{"class":42871},[53,143588,143589,143591,143594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143590,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143592,143593],{"class":42875},"hello  ",[53,143595,29244],{"class":42871},[53,143597,143598,143600,143603],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143599,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143601,143602],{"class":42875},"  hello",[53,143604,29244],{"class":42871},[20,143606,143607],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[39,143609,107746],{"id":107745},[20,143611,143612],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[173,143614,143615,143623,143633,143636],{},[176,143616,143617,143619,143620,143622],{},[15,143618,143438],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143621,41071],{}," once",[176,143624,143625,143626,891,143628,1754,143630,143632],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143627,195],{},[15,143629,704],{},[15,143631,713],{}," from both ends",[176,143634,143635],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[176,143637,143638],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143640,316],{},[44,143642,143644],{"className":46,"code":143643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143645,143646,143659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143647,143648,143650,143652,143654,143657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143649,125821],{"class":59},[53,143651,64],{"class":63},[53,143653,84],{"class":71},[53,143655,143656],{"class":75},"txt_report.txt",[53,143658,1032],{"class":71},[53,143660,143661,143663,143665,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677,143679],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143662,137],{"class":136},[53,143664,121],{"class":67},[53,143666,125839],{"class":117},[53,143668,37],{"class":67},[53,143670,8183],{"class":117},[53,143672,121],{"class":67},[53,143674,72],{"class":71},[53,143676,125874],{"class":75},[53,143678,72],{"class":71},[53,143680,628],{"class":67},[20,143682,388],{},[44,143684,143686],{"className":46,"code":143685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"_report\n",[15,143687,143688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143689,143690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143691,143685],{"class":59},[20,143693,143694,143695,891,143697,1754,143699,143701],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143696,37],{},[15,143698,62819],{},[15,143700,1735],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143703,528,143704,285,143707,143709],{},[15,143705,143706],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143708,1112],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143711,143712,143713,143717],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[195,143714,143715],{"href":129319},[15,143716,123909],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[39,143719,1391,143721],{"id":143720},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143722,41195],{},[20,143724,152,143725,143727],{},[15,143726,41195],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143729,35968],{},[173,143731,143732,143736,143738,143741],{},[176,143733,143054,143734,3446],{},[15,143735,2518],{},[176,143737,143059],{},[176,143739,143740],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[176,143742,143743],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143745,316],{},[44,143747,143749],{"className":46,"code":143748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143750,143751,143765,143769,143782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143752,143753,143756,143758,143760,143763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143754,143755],{"class":59},"email ",[53,143757,64],{"class":63},[53,143759,84],{"class":71},[53,143761,143762],{"class":75},"  user@example.com  ",[53,143764,1032],{"class":71},[53,143766,143767],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143768,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143770,143771,143773,143776,143778,143780],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143772,1042],{"class":1041},[53,143774,143775],{"class":59}," email",[53,143777,37],{"class":67},[53,143779,8183],{"class":117},[53,143781,21140],{"class":67},[53,143783,143784,143786,143788,143790,143793,143795],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143785,1058],{"class":136},[53,143787,121],{"class":67},[53,143789,72],{"class":71},[53,143791,143792],{"class":75},"Email was entered",[53,143794,72],{"class":71},[53,143796,130],{"class":67},[20,143798,388],{},[44,143800,143802],{"className":46,"code":143801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Email was entered\n",[15,143803,143804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143805,143806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143807,143801],{"class":59},[20,143809,143810,143811,143813,143814,37],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143812,41195],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[195,143815,143816],{"href":123465},[15,143817,123468],{},[39,143819,2389],{"id":2388},[20,143821,83623],{},[173,143823,143824,143828,143833,143838],{},[176,143825,8001,143826,130958],{},[15,143827,41195],{},[176,143829,8001,143830,143832],{},[15,143831,41195],{}," to remove text from the middle",[176,143834,664,143835,143837],{},[15,143836,143706],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[176,143839,4261,143840,143843],{},[15,143841,143842],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143845,143846],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[44,143848,143850],{"className":46,"code":143849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143851,143852,143866,143870,143880,143894,143908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143853,143854,143856,143858,143860,143862,143864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143855,34233],{"class":59},[53,143857,64],{"class":63},[53,143859,84],{"class":71},[53,143861,143602],{"class":75},[53,143863,86536],{"class":33998},[53,143865,1032],{"class":71},[53,143867,143868],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143869,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143871,143872,143874,143876,143878],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143873,137],{"class":136},[53,143875,121],{"class":67},[53,143877,34254],{"class":117},[53,143879,130],{"class":67},[53,143881,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143883,137],{"class":136},[53,143885,121],{"class":67},[53,143887,41321],{"class":136},[53,143889,121],{"class":67},[53,143891,34254],{"class":117},[53,143893,628],{"class":67},[53,143895,143896,143898,143900,143902,143904,143906],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,143897,137],{"class":136},[53,143899,121],{"class":67},[53,143901,34254],{"class":117},[53,143903,37],{"class":67},[53,143905,8183],{"class":117},[53,143907,6745],{"class":67},[53,143909,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922,143924],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,143911,137],{"class":136},[53,143913,121],{"class":67},[53,143915,41321],{"class":136},[53,143917,121],{"class":67},[53,143919,34254],{"class":117},[53,143921,37],{"class":67},[53,143923,8183],{"class":117},[53,143925,5842],{"class":67},[20,143927,388],{},[44,143929,143931],{"className":46,"code":143930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143932,143933,143938,143942,143952,143956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143934,143935],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143936,143937],{"class":59},"  hello\n",[53,143939,143940],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143941,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,143943,143944,143946,143948,143950],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143945,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143947,143602],{"class":42875},[53,143949,86536],{"class":143279},[53,143951,29244],{"class":42871},[53,143953,143954],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,143955,138053],{"class":59},[53,143957,143958,143960,143962],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,143959,2862],{"class":42871},[53,143961,3406],{"class":42875},[53,143963,29244],{"class":42871},[20,143965,143966],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[44,143968,143970],{"className":46,"code":143969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143971,143972,143982,143996,144010,144028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143973,143974,143976,143978,143980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143975,137],{"class":136},[53,143977,121],{"class":67},[53,143979,34254],{"class":117},[53,143981,130],{"class":67},[53,143983,143984,143986,143988,143990,143992,143994],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143985,137],{"class":136},[53,143987,121],{"class":67},[53,143989,41321],{"class":136},[53,143991,121],{"class":67},[53,143993,34254],{"class":117},[53,143995,628],{"class":67},[53,143997,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,143999,137],{"class":136},[53,144001,121],{"class":67},[53,144003,34254],{"class":117},[53,144005,37],{"class":67},[53,144007,8183],{"class":117},[53,144009,6745],{"class":67},[53,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144013,137],{"class":136},[53,144015,121],{"class":67},[53,144017,41321],{"class":136},[53,144019,121],{"class":67},[53,144021,34254],{"class":117},[53,144023,37],{"class":67},[53,144025,8183],{"class":117},[53,144027,5842],{"class":67},[53,144029,144030,144032,144034,144036,144038,144040],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,144031,31697],{"class":136},[53,144033,121],{"class":67},[53,144035,3005],{"class":1320},[53,144037,37],{"class":67},[53,144039,8183],{"class":1223},[53,144041,130],{"class":67},[20,144043,144044,144046],{},[15,144045,121952],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[39,144048,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,144050,1431,144052,144054],{"id":144051},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144053,41195],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144056,45909,144057,144059],{},[15,144058,41195],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1418,144061,1431,144063,124065],{"id":144062},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144064,41195],{},[20,144066,144067],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1418,144069,1421,144071,144073],{"id":144070},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144072,41195],{}," remove by default?",[20,144075,144076],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1418,144078,33750,144080,33753,144082,1459],{"id":144079},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144081,41195],{},[15,144083,123909],{},[20,144085,144086,144088,144089,144091],{},[15,144087,41195],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144090,123909],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1418,144093,144095],{"id":144094},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144097,127611,144098,144100,144101,144103],{},[15,144099,143469],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144102,143472],{}," for the right side.",[39,144105,1471],{"id":1470},[173,144107,144108,144114,144120,144125,144130],{},[176,144109,144110],{},[195,144111,125738,144112,660],{"href":123465},[15,144113,123468],{},[176,144115,144116],{},[195,144117,125738,144118,660],{"href":129319},[15,144119,123909],{},[176,144121,144122],{},[195,144123,144124],{"href":143206},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[176,144126,144127],{},[195,144128,144129],{"href":87189},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[176,144131,144132],{},[195,144133,124493],{"href":50518},[1494,144135,144136],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":144138},[144139,144140,144142,144146,144148,144149,144151,144152,144154,144155,144166],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":142791,"depth":104,"text":144141},"What strip() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":144143},[144144,144145],{"id":142914,"depth":133,"text":142906},{"id":142965,"depth":133,"text":142911},{"id":143039,"depth":104,"text":144147},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143305,"depth":104,"text":143306},{"id":143464,"depth":104,"text":144150},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107745,"depth":104,"text":107746},{"id":143720,"depth":104,"text":144153},"When to use strip()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":144156},[144157,144159,144161,144163,144165],{"id":144051,"depth":133,"text":144158},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144062,"depth":133,"text":144160},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144070,"depth":133,"text":144162},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144079,"depth":133,"text":144164},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144094,"depth":133,"text":144095},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142712,"description":144167},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144174,"title":144175,"body":144176,"description":145356,"extension":1524,"meta":145357,"navigation":372,"path":145358,"seo":145359,"stem":145360,"__hash__":145361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144177,"toc":145326},[144178,144183,144188,144193,144195,144241,144249,144254,144268,144274,144276,144278,144293,144295,144305,144308,144339,144342,144365,144367,144370,144427,144429,144443,144445,144459,144465,144470,144473,144514,144516,144525,144533,144536,144581,144583,144592,144595,144599,144604,144618,144620,144652,144654,144674,144677,144682,144687,144689,144700,144703,144760,144762,144770,144779,144781,144783,144789,144791,144828,144830,144838,144840,144881,144883,144892,144897,144902,144904,144931,144938,144941,144972,144974,144983,144989,144998,145029,145031,145043,145056,145060,145065,145095,145097,145164,145166,145176,145178,145183,145186,145191,145196,145200,145206,145212,145215,145217,145275,145277,145285,145287,145323],[10,144179,122738,144181,18],{"id":144180},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144182,127616],{},[20,144184,122743,144185,144187],{},[15,144186,127616],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144189,84000,144190,144192],{},[15,144191,127616],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[39,144194,1566],{"id":1565},[44,144196,144198],{"className":46,"code":144197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144199,144200,144212,144226,144236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144201,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144203,34233],{"class":59},[53,144205,64],{"class":63},[53,144207,84],{"class":71},[53,144209,128457],{"class":75},[53,144211,1032],{"class":71},[53,144213,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144215,351],{"class":59},[53,144217,64],{"class":63},[53,144219,42384],{"class":59},[53,144221,37],{"class":67},[53,144223,34023],{"class":117},[53,144225,8192],{"class":67},[53,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144229,137],{"class":136},[53,144231,121],{"class":67},[53,144233,383],{"class":117},[53,144235,130],{"class":67},[53,144237,144238],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144239,144240],{"class":148},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144242,144243,144245,144246,144248],{},[15,144244,127616],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144247,1112],{}," change the original string in place.",[39,144250,163,144252,166],{"id":144251},"what-upper-does",[15,144253,127616],{},[173,144255,144256,144261,144264,144266],{},[176,144257,144258,144260],{},[15,144259,127616],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[176,144262,144263],{},"It works on string values only",[176,144265,132986],{},[176,144267,135704],{},[20,144269,124490,144270,2438,144272,37],{},[195,144271,135710],{"href":135709},[195,144273,124493],{"href":50518},[39,144275,202],{"id":201},[20,144277,1721],{},[44,144279,144281],{"className":46,"code":144280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.upper()\n",[15,144282,144283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144284,144285,144287,144289,144291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144286,60706],{"class":59},[53,144288,37],{"class":67},[53,144290,34023],{"class":117},[53,144292,8192],{"class":67},[20,144294,11008],{},[173,144296,144297,144299,144302],{},[176,144298,96911],{},[176,144300,144301],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[176,144303,144304],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144306,144307],{},"Example with a variable:",[44,144309,144311],{"className":46,"code":144310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144312,144313,144325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144314,144315,144317,144319,144321,144323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144316,7426],{"class":59},[53,144318,64],{"class":63},[53,144320,84],{"class":71},[53,144322,48],{"class":75},[53,144324,1032],{"class":71},[53,144326,144327,144329,144331,144333,144335,144337],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144328,137],{"class":136},[53,144330,121],{"class":67},[53,144332,7220],{"class":117},[53,144334,37],{"class":67},[53,144336,34023],{"class":117},[53,144338,6745],{"class":67},[20,144340,144341],{},"Example with a string literal:",[44,144343,144345],{"className":46,"code":144344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144346,144347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144348,144349,144351,144353,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144350,137],{"class":136},[53,144352,121],{"class":67},[53,144354,72],{"class":71},[53,144356,3406],{"class":75},[53,144358,72],{"class":71},[53,144360,37],{"class":67},[53,144362,34023],{"class":117},[53,144364,6745],{"class":67},[39,144366,11025],{"id":11024},[20,144368,144369],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[44,144371,144373],{"className":46,"code":144372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144374,144375,144387,144402,144406,144416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144376,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144378,5706],{"class":59},[53,144380,64],{"class":63},[53,144382,84],{"class":71},[53,144384,87],{"class":75},[53,144386,1032],{"class":71},[53,144388,144389,144392,144394,144396,144398,144400],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144390,144391],{"class":59},"uppercase_word ",[53,144393,64],{"class":63},[53,144395,37923],{"class":59},[53,144397,37],{"class":67},[53,144399,34023],{"class":117},[53,144401,8192],{"class":67},[53,144403,144404],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144405,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,144407,144408,144410,144412,144414],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144409,137],{"class":136},[53,144411,121],{"class":67},[53,144413,37933],{"class":117},[53,144415,130],{"class":67},[53,144417,144418,144420,144422,144425],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,144419,137],{"class":136},[53,144421,121],{"class":67},[53,144423,144424],{"class":117},"uppercase_word",[53,144426,130],{"class":67},[20,144428,388],{},[44,144430,144432],{"className":46,"code":144431,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144433,144434,144438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144435,144436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144437,69789],{"class":59},[53,144439,144440],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144441,144442],{"class":33998},"BANANA\n",[20,144444,111852],{},[173,144446,144447,144452],{},[176,144448,144449,144451],{},[15,144450,37933],{}," keeps its original value",[176,144453,144454,144456,144457],{},[15,144455,144424],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144458,127616],{},[39,144460,144462,144464],{"id":144461},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144463,127616],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144466,136370,144467,144469],{},[30,144468,136373],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144471,144472],{},"So this method:",[44,144474,144476],{"className":46,"code":144475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144477,144478,144490,144500,144504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144479,144480,144482,144484,144486,144488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144481,7426],{"class":59},[53,144483,64],{"class":63},[53,144485,84],{"class":71},[53,144487,17350],{"class":75},[53,144489,1032],{"class":71},[53,144491,144492,144494,144496,144498],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144493,7220],{"class":59},[53,144495,37],{"class":67},[53,144497,34023],{"class":117},[53,144499,8192],{"class":67},[53,144501,144502],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144503,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,144505,144506,144508,144510,144512],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144507,137],{"class":136},[53,144509,121],{"class":67},[53,144511,7220],{"class":117},[53,144513,130],{"class":67},[20,144515,388],{},[44,144517,144519],{"className":46,"code":144518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"alice\n",[15,144520,144521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144522,144523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144524,144518],{"class":59},[20,144526,642,144527,144529,144530,144532],{},[15,144528,127616],{}," was called, ",[15,144531,7220],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144534,144535],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[44,144537,144539],{"className":46,"code":144538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144540,144541,144553,144567,144571],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144542,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144544,7426],{"class":59},[53,144546,64],{"class":63},[53,144548,84],{"class":71},[53,144550,17350],{"class":75},[53,144552,1032],{"class":71},[53,144554,144555,144557,144559,144561,144563,144565],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144556,7426],{"class":59},[53,144558,64],{"class":63},[53,144560,35538],{"class":59},[53,144562,37],{"class":67},[53,144564,34023],{"class":117},[53,144566,8192],{"class":67},[53,144568,144569],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144570,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,144572,144573,144575,144577,144579],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144574,137],{"class":136},[53,144576,121],{"class":67},[53,144578,7220],{"class":117},[53,144580,130],{"class":67},[20,144582,388],{},[44,144584,144586],{"className":46,"code":144585,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ALICE\n",[15,144587,144588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144589,144590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144591,144585],{"class":33998},[20,144593,144594],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[39,144596,144598],{"id":144597},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144600,144601,144603],{},[15,144602,127616],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[173,144605,144606,144609,144612,144615],{},[176,144607,144608],{},"Numbers stay the same",[176,144610,144611],{},"Spaces stay the same",[176,144613,144614],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[176,144616,144617],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144619,316],{},[44,144621,144623],{"className":46,"code":144622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144624,144625,144638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144628,34233],{"class":59},[53,144630,64],{"class":63},[53,144632,84],{"class":71},[53,144634,144635],{"class":75},"Room 7, table #3!",[53,144637,1032],{"class":71},[53,144639,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144641,137],{"class":136},[53,144643,121],{"class":67},[53,144645,34254],{"class":117},[53,144647,37],{"class":67},[53,144649,34023],{"class":117},[53,144651,6745],{"class":67},[20,144653,388],{},[44,144655,144657],{"className":46,"code":144656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144658,144659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144660,144661,144664,144666,144668,144671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144662,144663],{"class":33998},"ROOM",[53,144665,5545],{"class":333},[53,144667,81],{"class":67},[53,144669,144670],{"class":33998}," TABLE",[53,144672,144673],{"class":148}," #3!\n",[20,144675,144676],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[39,144678,1391,144680],{"id":144679},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144681,127616],{},[20,144683,144684,144686],{},[15,144685,127616],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144688,47881],{},[173,144690,144691,144694,144697],{},[176,144692,144693],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[176,144695,144696],{},"Format labels or headings",[176,144698,144699],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144701,144702],{},"Example: simple comparison",[44,144704,144706],{"className":46,"code":144705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144707,144708,144720,144724,144746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716,144718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144711,135981],{"class":59},[53,144713,64],{"class":63},[53,144715,84],{"class":71},[53,144717,8207],{"class":75},[53,144719,1032],{"class":71},[53,144721,144722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144723,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,144725,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144727,1042],{"class":1041},[53,144729,136001],{"class":59},[53,144731,37],{"class":67},[53,144733,34023],{"class":117},[53,144735,6917],{"class":67},[53,144737,5960],{"class":63},[53,144739,84],{"class":71},[53,144741,135988],{"class":75},[53,144743,72],{"class":71},[53,144745,1053],{"class":67},[53,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,144749,1058],{"class":136},[53,144751,121],{"class":67},[53,144753,72],{"class":71},[53,144755,143185],{"class":75},[53,144757,72],{"class":71},[53,144759,130],{"class":67},[20,144761,388],{},[44,144763,144764],{"className":46,"code":143194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,144765,144766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144767,144768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144769,143194],{"class":59},[20,144771,144772,144773,891,144775,1754,144777,37],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144774,8207],{},[15,144776,136774],{},[15,144778,135988],{},[39,144780,2389],{"id":2388},[1418,144782,95272],{"id":95271},[20,144784,7666,144785,144788],{},[15,144786,144787],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144790,1209],{},[44,144792,144794],{"className":46,"code":144793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144795,144796,144808,144818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144797,144798,144800,144802,144804,144806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144799,34233],{"class":59},[53,144801,64],{"class":63},[53,144803,84],{"class":71},[53,144805,3406],{"class":75},[53,144807,1032],{"class":71},[53,144809,144810,144812,144814,144816],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144811,34254],{"class":59},[53,144813,37],{"class":67},[53,144815,34023],{"class":117},[53,144817,8192],{"class":67},[53,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144821,137],{"class":136},[53,144823,121],{"class":67},[53,144825,34254],{"class":117},[53,144827,130],{"class":67},[20,144829,388],{},[44,144831,144832],{"className":46,"code":138053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,144833,144834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144835,144836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144837,138053],{"class":59},[20,144839,1183],{},[44,144841,144843],{"className":46,"code":144842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144844,144845,144857,144871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144846,144847,144849,144851,144853,144855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144848,34233],{"class":59},[53,144850,64],{"class":63},[53,144852,84],{"class":71},[53,144854,3406],{"class":75},[53,144856,1032],{"class":71},[53,144858,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867,144869],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144860,34233],{"class":59},[53,144862,64],{"class":63},[53,144864,42384],{"class":59},[53,144866,37],{"class":67},[53,144868,34023],{"class":117},[53,144870,8192],{"class":67},[53,144872,144873,144875,144877,144879],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,144874,137],{"class":136},[53,144876,121],{"class":67},[53,144878,34254],{"class":117},[53,144880,130],{"class":67},[20,144882,388],{},[44,144884,144886],{"className":46,"code":144885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO\n",[15,144887,144888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144889,144890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144891,144885],{"class":33998},[1418,144893,18454,144895,136660],{"id":144894},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144896,127616],{},[20,144898,144899,144901],{},[15,144900,127616],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144903,316],{},[44,144905,144907],{"className":46,"code":144906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144908,144909,144917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144910,144911,144913,144915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144912,1778],{"class":59},[53,144914,64],{"class":63},[53,144916,124420],{"class":333},[53,144918,144919,144921,144923,144925,144927,144929],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144920,137],{"class":136},[53,144922,121],{"class":67},[53,144924,1800],{"class":117},[53,144926,37],{"class":67},[53,144928,34023],{"class":117},[53,144930,6745],{"class":67},[20,144932,974,144933,144935,144936,33145],{},[15,144934,1750],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144937,127616],{},[20,144939,144940],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[44,144942,144944],{"className":46,"code":144943,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144945,144946,144954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144947,144948,144950,144952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144949,1778],{"class":59},[53,144951,64],{"class":63},[53,144953,124420],{"class":333},[53,144955,144956,144958,144960,144962,144964,144966,144968,144970],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144957,137],{"class":136},[53,144959,121],{"class":67},[53,144961,3005],{"class":1320},[53,144963,121],{"class":67},[53,144965,1800],{"class":117},[53,144967,8180],{"class":67},[53,144969,34023],{"class":117},[53,144971,6745],{"class":67},[20,144973,388],{},[44,144975,144977],{"className":46,"code":144976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"123\n",[15,144978,144979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144980,144981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144982,144976],{"class":333},[1418,144984,36747,144986,144988],{"id":144985},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144987,127616],{}," with title case",[20,144990,144991,144993,144994,144997],{},[15,144992,127616],{}," makes ",[30,144995,144996],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[44,144999,145001],{"className":46,"code":145000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145002,145003,145015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145006,34233],{"class":59},[53,145008,64],{"class":63},[53,145010,84],{"class":71},[53,145012,59938],{"class":75},[53,145014,1032],{"class":71},[53,145016,145017,145019,145021,145023,145025,145027],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145018,137],{"class":136},[53,145020,121],{"class":67},[53,145022,34254],{"class":117},[53,145024,37],{"class":67},[53,145026,34023],{"class":117},[53,145028,6745],{"class":67},[20,145030,388],{},[44,145032,145034],{"className":46,"code":145033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145035,145036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145037,145038,145040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145039,135762],{"class":33998},[53,145041,145042],{"class":33998}," WORLD\n",[20,145044,145045,145046,145050,145051,145055],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[195,145047,145048],{"href":123465},[15,145049,123468],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[195,145052,145053],{"href":129319},[15,145054,123909],{}," changes parts of a string.",[39,145057,145059],{"id":145058},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145061,145062,145063,171],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145064,127616],{},[173,145066,145067,145074,145081,145088],{},[176,145068,145069,145073],{},[195,145070,145071],{"href":123465},[15,145072,123468],{}," for lowercase text",[176,145075,145076,145080],{},[195,145077,145078],{"href":136308},[15,145079,41195],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[176,145082,145083,145087],{},[195,145084,145085],{"href":129319},[15,145086,123909],{}," for changing parts of a string",[176,145089,145090,667,145092,145094],{},[15,145091,127106],{},[15,145093,125796],{}," for checks",[20,145096,316],{},[44,145098,145100],{"className":46,"code":145099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145101,145102,145114,145118,145133,145149,145153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145105,34233],{"class":59},[53,145107,64],{"class":63},[53,145109,84],{"class":71},[53,145111,142836],{"class":75},[53,145113,1032],{"class":71},[53,145115,145116],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145117,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,145119,145120,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,145121,145122],{"class":59},"cleaned ",[53,145124,64],{"class":63},[53,145126,42384],{"class":59},[53,145128,37],{"class":67},[53,145130,8183],{"class":117},[53,145132,8192],{"class":67},[53,145134,145135,145138,145140,145143,145145,145147],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,145136,145137],{"class":59},"loud ",[53,145139,64],{"class":63},[53,145141,145142],{"class":59}," cleaned",[53,145144,37],{"class":67},[53,145146,34023],{"class":117},[53,145148,8192],{"class":67},[53,145150,145151],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,145152,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,145154,145155,145157,145159,145162],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,145156,137],{"class":136},[53,145158,121],{"class":67},[53,145160,145161],{"class":117},"loud",[53,145163,130],{"class":67},[20,145165,388],{},[44,145167,145168],{"className":46,"code":145033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145169,145170],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145171,145172,145174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145173,135762],{"class":33998},[53,145175,145042],{"class":33998},[39,145177,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,145179,1431,145181,124065],{"id":145180},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145182,127616],{},[20,145184,145185],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1418,145187,1431,145189,137042],{"id":145188},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145190,127616],{},[20,145192,145193,145194,37],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145195,144787],{},[1418,145197,145199],{"id":145198},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145201,145202,145203,145205],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145204,127616],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1418,145207,27872,145209,145211],{"id":145208},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145210,127616],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145213,145214],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145216,316],{},[44,145218,145220],{"className":46,"code":145219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145221,145222,145234,145247,145251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145225,2112],{"class":59},[53,145227,64],{"class":63},[53,145229,84],{"class":71},[53,145231,48],{"class":75},[53,145233,1032],{"class":71},[53,145235,145236,145238,145240,145242,145245],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145237,2140],{"class":59},[53,145239,64],{"class":63},[53,145241,84],{"class":71},[53,145243,145244],{"class":75},"PYTHON",[53,145246,1032],{"class":71},[53,145248,145249],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,145250,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,145252,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,145254,137],{"class":136},[53,145256,121],{"class":67},[53,145258,195],{"class":117},[53,145260,37],{"class":67},[53,145262,34023],{"class":117},[53,145264,6917],{"class":67},[53,145266,5960],{"class":63},[53,145268,2117],{"class":117},[53,145270,37],{"class":67},[53,145272,34023],{"class":117},[53,145274,6745],{"class":67},[20,145276,388],{},[44,145278,145279],{"className":46,"code":3540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145280,145281],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145282,145283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145284,3540],{"class":3413},[39,145286,1471],{"id":1470},[173,145288,145289,145293,145299,145305,145311,145315,145319],{},[176,145290,145291],{},[195,145292,124493],{"href":50518},[176,145294,145295],{},[195,145296,125738,145297,660],{"href":123465},[15,145298,123468],{},[176,145300,145301],{},[195,145302,125738,145303,660],{"href":136308},[15,145304,41195],{},[176,145306,145307],{},[195,145308,125738,145309,660],{"href":129319},[15,145310,123909],{},[176,145312,145313],{},[195,145314,90066],{"href":89075},[176,145316,145317],{},[195,145318,124137],{"href":122993},[176,145320,145321],{},[195,145322,137128],{"href":135709},[1494,145324,145325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":145327},[145328,145329,145331,145332,145333,145335,145336,145338,145345,145346,145355],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":144251,"depth":104,"text":145330},"What upper() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":144461,"depth":104,"text":145334},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144597,"depth":104,"text":144598},{"id":144679,"depth":104,"text":145337},"When to use upper()",{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":145339},[145340,145341,145343],{"id":95271,"depth":133,"text":95272},{"id":144894,"depth":133,"text":145342},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144985,"depth":133,"text":145344},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145058,"depth":104,"text":145059},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":145347},[145348,145350,145352,145353],{"id":145180,"depth":133,"text":145349},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145188,"depth":133,"text":145351},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145198,"depth":133,"text":145199},{"id":145208,"depth":133,"text":145354},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144175,"description":145356},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145363,"title":145364,"body":145365,"description":147242,"extension":1524,"meta":147243,"navigation":372,"path":147244,"seo":147245,"stem":147246,"__hash__":147247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145366,"toc":147192},[145367,145373,145380,145386,145388,145444,145449,145454,145459,145462,145481,145484,145486,145510,145528,145539,145541,145544,145597,145599,145607,145609,145627,145632,145635,145692,145694,145703,145706,145726,145729,145735,145740,145742,145785,145787,145795,145798,145839,145841,145850,145856,145862,145889,145891,145899,145904,145908,145920,145963,145965,145973,145978,145984,145989,145993,145995,146038,146041,146088,146090,146099,146106,146110,146113,146159,146164,146168,146170,146213,146216,146224,146226,146231,146233,146235,146254,146257,146269,146271,146290,146292,146300,146304,146306,146357,146360,146435,146437,146445,146448,146452,146454,146501,146504,146575,146577,146585,146591,146593,146668,146672,146751,146753,146761,146767,146773,146778,146783,146832,146836,146907,146910,146915,146926,146929,146940,146950,146952,146957,146982,146987,147068,147070,147095,147097,147102,147105,147111,147120,147126,147129,147135,147141,147148,147151,147153,147189],[10,145368,3138,145370,3142],{"id":145369},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145371,145372],{},"sum()",[20,145374,8673,145375,145377,145378,24309],{},[15,145376,145372],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145379,59530],{},[20,145381,145382,145383,145385],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145384,273],{}," value and a few important limits.",[39,145387,1566],{"id":1565},[44,145389,145391],{"className":46,"code":145390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145392,145393,145417,145432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145394,145395,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407,145409,145411,145413,145415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145396,326],{"class":59},[53,145398,64],{"class":63},[53,145400,68],{"class":67},[53,145402,517],{"class":333},[53,145404,81],{"class":67},[53,145406,790],{"class":333},[53,145408,81],{"class":67},[53,145410,1269],{"class":333},[53,145412,81],{"class":67},[53,145414,826],{"class":333},[53,145416,101],{"class":67},[53,145418,145419,145421,145423,145426,145428,145430],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145420,40724],{"class":59},[53,145422,64],{"class":63},[53,145424,145425],{"class":136}," sum",[53,145427,121],{"class":67},[53,145429,3209],{"class":117},[53,145431,130],{"class":67},[53,145433,145434,145436,145438,145440,145442],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,145435,137],{"class":136},[53,145437,121],{"class":67},[53,145439,40753],{"class":117},[53,145441,145],{"class":67},[53,145443,26340],{"class":148},[20,145445,152,145446,145448],{},[15,145447,145372],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[39,145450,163,145452,166],{"id":145451},"what-sum-does",[15,145453,145372],{},[20,145455,145456,145458],{},[15,145457,145372],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145460,145461],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[173,145463,145464,145467,145470,145475],{},[176,145465,145466],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[176,145468,145469],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[176,145471,145472,145473],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145474,35741],{},[176,145476,145477,145478,145480],{},"Counting ",[15,145479,3167],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145482,145483],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[39,145485,202],{"id":201},[44,145487,145489],{"className":46,"code":145488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145490,145491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145492,145493,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504,145506,145508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145494,145495],{"class":136},"sum",[53,145497,121],{"class":67},[53,145499,3280],{"class":117},[53,145501,81],{"class":67},[53,145503,251],{"class":8726},[53,145505,64],{"class":63},[53,145507,187],{"class":333},[53,145509,130],{"class":67},[173,145511,145512,145517,145522],{},[176,145513,145514,145516],{},[15,145515,3280],{}," is the group of values to add",[176,145518,145519,145521],{},[15,145520,273],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[176,145523,145524,145525],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145526,145527],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145529,145530,145531,145534,145535,37],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145532,145533,3280],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[195,145536,145537,24163],{"href":35738},[15,145538,35741],{},[39,145540,11025],{"id":11024},[20,145542,145543],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[44,145545,145547],{"className":46,"code":145546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145548,145549,145569,145583,145587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145550,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145552,326],{"class":59},[53,145554,64],{"class":63},[53,145556,68],{"class":67},[53,145558,1698],{"class":333},[53,145560,81],{"class":67},[53,145562,5556],{"class":333},[53,145564,81],{"class":67},[53,145566,37480],{"class":333},[53,145568,101],{"class":67},[53,145570,145571,145573,145575,145577,145579,145581],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145572,40724],{"class":59},[53,145574,64],{"class":63},[53,145576,145425],{"class":136},[53,145578,121],{"class":67},[53,145580,3209],{"class":117},[53,145582,130],{"class":67},[53,145584,145585],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,145586,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,145588,145589,145591,145593,145595],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,145590,137],{"class":136},[53,145592,121],{"class":67},[53,145594,40753],{"class":117},[53,145596,130],{"class":67},[20,145598,388],{},[44,145600,145601],{"className":46,"code":69223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145602,145603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145604,145605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145606,69223],{"class":333},[20,145608,11234],{},[173,145610,145611,145616,145622],{},[176,145612,145613,145615],{},[15,145614,3209],{}," contains three integers",[176,145617,145618,145621],{},[15,145619,145620],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[176,145623,145624,145625],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145626,40753],{},[39,145628,36155,145630,7981],{"id":145629},"using-the-start-value",[15,145631,273],{},[20,145633,145634],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[44,145636,145638],{"className":46,"code":145637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145639,145640,145660,145678,145682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145641,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145643,326],{"class":59},[53,145645,64],{"class":63},[53,145647,68],{"class":67},[53,145649,517],{"class":333},[53,145651,81],{"class":67},[53,145653,790],{"class":333},[53,145655,81],{"class":67},[53,145657,1269],{"class":333},[53,145659,101],{"class":67},[53,145661,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670,145672,145674,145676],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145663,40724],{"class":59},[53,145665,64],{"class":63},[53,145667,145425],{"class":136},[53,145669,121],{"class":67},[53,145671,3209],{"class":117},[53,145673,81],{"class":67},[53,145675,5556],{"class":333},[53,145677,130],{"class":67},[53,145679,145680],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,145681,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,145683,145684,145686,145688,145690],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,145685,137],{"class":136},[53,145687,121],{"class":67},[53,145689,40753],{"class":117},[53,145691,130],{"class":67},[20,145693,388],{},[44,145695,145697],{"className":46,"code":145696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"16\n",[15,145698,145699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145700,145701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145702,145696],{"class":333},[20,145704,145705],{},"This works like:",[173,145707,145708,145713,145718,145722],{},[176,145709,145710,145711],{},"Start at ",[15,145712,334],{},[176,145714,145715,145716],{},"Add ",[15,145717,517],{},[176,145719,145715,145720],{},[15,145721,525],{},[176,145723,145715,145724],{},[15,145725,882],{},[20,145727,145728],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[39,145730,163,145732,145734],{"id":145731},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145733,145372],{}," can work with",[20,145736,145737,145739],{},[15,145738,145372],{}," works with numeric values.",[1418,145741,39967],{"id":39966},[44,145743,145745],{"className":46,"code":145744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145746,145747,145771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145748,145749,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145750,3383],{"class":59},[53,145752,64],{"class":63},[53,145754,68],{"class":67},[53,145756,517],{"class":333},[53,145758,81],{"class":67},[53,145760,790],{"class":333},[53,145762,81],{"class":67},[53,145764,1269],{"class":333},[53,145766,81],{"class":67},[53,145768,826],{"class":333},[53,145770,101],{"class":67},[53,145772,145773,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145774,137],{"class":136},[53,145776,121],{"class":67},[53,145778,145495],{"class":136},[53,145780,121],{"class":67},[53,145782,4911],{"class":117},[53,145784,628],{"class":67},[20,145786,388],{},[44,145788,145789],{"className":46,"code":1936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145790,145791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145792,145793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145794,1936],{"class":333},[1418,145796,145797],{"id":51588},"Floats",[44,145799,145801],{"className":46,"code":145800,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145802,145803,145825],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145804,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815,145818,145820,145823],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145806,82431],{"class":59},[53,145808,64],{"class":63},[53,145810,68],{"class":67},[53,145812,40700],{"class":333},[53,145814,81],{"class":67},[53,145816,145817],{"class":333}," 3.75",[53,145819,81],{"class":67},[53,145821,145822],{"class":333}," 1.25",[53,145824,101],{"class":67},[53,145826,145827,145829,145831,145833,145835,145837],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145828,137],{"class":136},[53,145830,121],{"class":67},[53,145832,145495],{"class":136},[53,145834,121],{"class":67},[53,145836,82467],{"class":117},[53,145838,628],{"class":67},[20,145840,388],{},[44,145842,145844],{"className":46,"code":145843,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.5\n",[15,145845,145846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145847,145848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145849,145843],{"class":333},[20,145851,145852,145853,37],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[195,145854,145855],{"href":1978},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1418,145857,145859,145860],{"id":145858},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145861,35741],{},[44,145863,145865],{"className":46,"code":145864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145866,145867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145868,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145870,137],{"class":136},[53,145872,121],{"class":67},[53,145874,145495],{"class":136},[53,145876,121],{"class":67},[53,145878,59530],{"class":136},[53,145880,121],{"class":67},[53,145882,517],{"class":333},[53,145884,81],{"class":67},[53,145886,37187],{"class":333},[53,145888,2472],{"class":67},[20,145890,388],{},[44,145892,145893],{"className":46,"code":46583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145894,145895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145896,145897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145898,46583],{"class":333},[20,145900,112942,145901,37],{},[15,145902,145903],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1418,145905,145907],{"id":145906},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145909,145910,145911,145913,145914,667,145916,145913,145918,37],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145912,3167],{}," acts like ",[15,145915,517],{},[15,145917,3234],{},[15,145919,187],{},[44,145921,145923],{"className":46,"code":145922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145924,145925,145949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145928,51508],{"class":59},[53,145930,64],{"class":63},[53,145932,68],{"class":67},[53,145934,3167],{"class":3413},[53,145936,81],{"class":67},[53,145938,3467],{"class":3413},[53,145940,81],{"class":67},[53,145942,3476],{"class":3413},[53,145944,81],{"class":67},[53,145946,3476],{"class":3413},[53,145948,101],{"class":67},[53,145950,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145952,137],{"class":136},[53,145954,121],{"class":67},[53,145956,145495],{"class":136},[53,145958,121],{"class":67},[53,145960,51561],{"class":117},[53,145962,628],{"class":67},[20,145964,388],{},[44,145966,145967],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145968,145969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145970,145971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145972,847],{"class":333},[20,145974,145975,145976,37],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145977,3167],{},[39,145979,163,145981,145983],{"id":145980},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145982,145372],{}," does not work with",[20,145985,145986,145988],{},[15,145987,145372],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1418,145990,145992],{"id":145991},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145994,2396],{},[44,145996,145998],{"className":46,"code":145997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145999,146000,146024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146001,146002,146004,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146003,3631],{"class":59},[53,146005,64],{"class":63},[53,146007,68],{"class":67},[53,146009,72],{"class":71},[53,146011,3406],{"class":75},[53,146013,72],{"class":71},[53,146015,81],{"class":67},[53,146017,84],{"class":71},[53,146019,60123],{"class":75},[53,146021,72],{"class":71},[53,146023,101],{"class":67},[53,146025,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146027,137],{"class":136},[53,146029,121],{"class":67},[53,146031,145495],{"class":136},[53,146033,121],{"class":67},[53,146035,3672],{"class":117},[53,146037,628],{"class":67},[20,146039,146040],{},"Use string joining instead:",[44,146042,146044],{"className":46,"code":146043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146045,146046,146070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146047,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058,146060,146062,146064,146066,146068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146049,3631],{"class":59},[53,146051,64],{"class":63},[53,146053,68],{"class":67},[53,146055,72],{"class":71},[53,146057,3406],{"class":75},[53,146059,72],{"class":71},[53,146061,81],{"class":67},[53,146063,84],{"class":71},[53,146065,60123],{"class":75},[53,146067,72],{"class":71},[53,146069,101],{"class":67},[53,146071,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146073,137],{"class":136},[53,146075,121],{"class":67},[53,146077,5824],{"class":71},[53,146079,37],{"class":67},[53,146081,132897],{"class":117},[53,146083,121],{"class":67},[53,146085,3672],{"class":117},[53,146087,628],{"class":67},[20,146089,388],{},[44,146091,146093],{"className":46,"code":146092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"helloworld\n",[15,146094,146095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146096,146097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146098,146092],{"class":59},[20,146100,146101,146102,37],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[195,146103,146104,5335],{"href":41717},[15,146105,47225],{},[1418,146107,146109],{"id":146108},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146111,146112],{},"This also causes an error:",[44,146114,146116],{"className":46,"code":146115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146117,146118,146145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146119,146120,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146121,146122],{"class":59},"lists ",[53,146124,64],{"class":63},[53,146126,55829],{"class":67},[53,146128,517],{"class":333},[53,146130,81],{"class":67},[53,146132,790],{"class":333},[53,146134,17609],{"class":67},[53,146136,68],{"class":67},[53,146138,882],{"class":333},[53,146140,81],{"class":67},[53,146142,826],{"class":333},[53,146144,52782],{"class":67},[53,146146,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146148,137],{"class":136},[53,146150,121],{"class":67},[53,146152,145495],{"class":136},[53,146154,121],{"class":67},[53,146156,4852],{"class":117},[53,146158,628],{"class":67},[20,146160,146161,146163],{},[15,146162,145372],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1418,146165,146167],{"id":146166},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146169,5024],{},[44,146171,146173],{"className":46,"code":146172,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146174,146175,146199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146176,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146178,3383],{"class":59},[53,146180,64],{"class":63},[53,146182,68],{"class":67},[53,146184,517],{"class":333},[53,146186,81],{"class":67},[53,146188,790],{"class":333},[53,146190,81],{"class":67},[53,146192,84],{"class":71},[53,146194,882],{"class":75},[53,146196,72],{"class":71},[53,146198,101],{"class":67},[53,146200,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146202,137],{"class":136},[53,146204,121],{"class":67},[53,146206,145495],{"class":136},[53,146208,121],{"class":67},[53,146210,4911],{"class":117},[53,146212,628],{"class":67},[20,146214,146215],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146217,146218,146219,146221,146222,37],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146220,1242],{},", convert them first. See ",[195,146223,2523],{"href":2522},[39,146225,41046],{"id":41045},[20,146227,146228,146229,37],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146230,145372],{},[1418,146232,6076],{"id":6075},[20,146234,4082],{},[44,146236,146238],{"className":46,"code":146237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146239,146240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146241,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146243,137],{"class":136},[53,146245,121],{"class":67},[53,146247,145495],{"class":136},[53,146249,121],{"class":67},[53,146251,1698],{"class":333},[53,146253,628],{"class":67},[20,146255,146256],{},"Why it fails:",[173,146258,146259,146264],{},[176,146260,146261,146263],{},[15,146262,1698],{}," is a single integer",[176,146265,146266,146268],{},[15,146267,145372],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146270,6106],{},[44,146272,146274],{"className":46,"code":146273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146275,146276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146277,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146279,137],{"class":136},[53,146281,121],{"class":67},[53,146283,145495],{"class":136},[53,146285,2546],{"class":67},[53,146287,1698],{"class":333},[53,146289,2559],{"class":67},[20,146291,388],{},[44,146293,146294],{"className":46,"code":2507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146295,146296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146297,146298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146299,2507],{"class":333},[1418,146301,146303],{"id":146302},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146305,4082],{},[44,146307,146309],{"className":46,"code":146308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146310,146311,146343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146312,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146314,3383],{"class":59},[53,146316,64],{"class":63},[53,146318,68],{"class":67},[53,146320,72],{"class":71},[53,146322,517],{"class":75},[53,146324,72],{"class":71},[53,146326,81],{"class":67},[53,146328,84],{"class":71},[53,146330,525],{"class":75},[53,146332,72],{"class":71},[53,146334,81],{"class":67},[53,146336,84],{"class":71},[53,146338,882],{"class":75},[53,146340,72],{"class":71},[53,146342,101],{"class":67},[53,146344,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146346,137],{"class":136},[53,146348,121],{"class":67},[53,146350,145495],{"class":136},[53,146352,121],{"class":67},[53,146354,4911],{"class":117},[53,146356,628],{"class":67},[20,146358,146359],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[44,146361,146363],{"className":46,"code":146362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146364,146365,146397,146425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146366,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146368,3383],{"class":59},[53,146370,64],{"class":63},[53,146372,68],{"class":67},[53,146374,72],{"class":71},[53,146376,517],{"class":75},[53,146378,72],{"class":71},[53,146380,81],{"class":67},[53,146382,84],{"class":71},[53,146384,525],{"class":75},[53,146386,72],{"class":71},[53,146388,81],{"class":67},[53,146390,84],{"class":71},[53,146392,882],{"class":75},[53,146394,72],{"class":71},[53,146396,101],{"class":67},[53,146398,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419,146421,146423],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146400,40724],{"class":59},[53,146402,64],{"class":63},[53,146404,145425],{"class":136},[53,146406,121],{"class":67},[53,146408,1750],{"class":1320},[53,146410,121],{"class":67},[53,146412,1735],{"class":117},[53,146414,145],{"class":67},[53,146416,3438],{"class":1041},[53,146418,3441],{"class":117},[53,146420,1048],{"class":1041},[53,146422,3446],{"class":117},[53,146424,130],{"class":67},[53,146426,146427,146429,146431,146433],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,146428,137],{"class":136},[53,146430,121],{"class":67},[53,146432,40753],{"class":117},[53,146434,130],{"class":67},[20,146436,388],{},[44,146438,146439],{"className":46,"code":2213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146440,146441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146442,146443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146444,2213],{"class":333},[20,146446,146447],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1418,146449,146451],{"id":146450},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146453,4082],{},[44,146455,146457],{"className":46,"code":146456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146458,146459,146487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146460,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146462,3383],{"class":59},[53,146464,64],{"class":63},[53,146466,68],{"class":67},[53,146468,517],{"class":333},[53,146470,81],{"class":67},[53,146472,790],{"class":333},[53,146474,81],{"class":67},[53,146476,84],{"class":71},[53,146478,882],{"class":75},[53,146480,72],{"class":71},[53,146482,81],{"class":67},[53,146484,826],{"class":333},[53,146486,101],{"class":67},[53,146488,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146490,137],{"class":136},[53,146492,121],{"class":67},[53,146494,145495],{"class":136},[53,146496,121],{"class":67},[53,146498,4911],{"class":117},[53,146500,628],{"class":67},[20,146502,146503],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[44,146505,146507],{"className":46,"code":146506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146508,146509,146537,146565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146510,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146512,3383],{"class":59},[53,146514,64],{"class":63},[53,146516,68],{"class":67},[53,146518,517],{"class":333},[53,146520,81],{"class":67},[53,146522,790],{"class":333},[53,146524,81],{"class":67},[53,146526,84],{"class":71},[53,146528,882],{"class":75},[53,146530,72],{"class":71},[53,146532,81],{"class":67},[53,146534,826],{"class":333},[53,146536,101],{"class":67},[53,146538,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146540,40724],{"class":59},[53,146542,64],{"class":63},[53,146544,145425],{"class":136},[53,146546,121],{"class":67},[53,146548,1750],{"class":1320},[53,146550,121],{"class":67},[53,146552,1735],{"class":117},[53,146554,145],{"class":67},[53,146556,3438],{"class":1041},[53,146558,3441],{"class":117},[53,146560,1048],{"class":1041},[53,146562,3446],{"class":117},[53,146564,130],{"class":67},[53,146566,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,146568,137],{"class":136},[53,146570,121],{"class":67},[53,146572,40753],{"class":117},[53,146574,130],{"class":67},[20,146576,388],{},[44,146578,146579],{"className":46,"code":1936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146580,146581],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146582,146583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146584,1936],{"class":333},[1418,146586,664,146588,146590],{"id":146587},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146589,145372],{}," to join text",[20,146592,4082],{},[44,146594,146596],{"className":46,"code":146595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146597,146598,146654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146599,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146601,687],{"class":59},[53,146603,64],{"class":63},[53,146605,68],{"class":67},[53,146607,72],{"class":71},[53,146609,133496],{"class":75},[53,146611,72],{"class":71},[53,146613,81],{"class":67},[53,146615,84],{"class":71},[53,146617,11296],{"class":75},[53,146619,72],{"class":71},[53,146621,81],{"class":67},[53,146623,84],{"class":71},[53,146625,62819],{"class":75},[53,146627,72],{"class":71},[53,146629,81],{"class":67},[53,146631,84],{"class":71},[53,146633,59970],{"class":75},[53,146635,72],{"class":71},[53,146637,81],{"class":67},[53,146639,84],{"class":71},[53,146641,60005],{"class":75},[53,146643,72],{"class":71},[53,146645,81],{"class":67},[53,146647,84],{"class":71},[53,146649,75413],{"class":75},[53,146651,72],{"class":71},[53,146653,101],{"class":67},[53,146655,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146657,137],{"class":136},[53,146659,121],{"class":67},[53,146661,145495],{"class":136},[53,146663,121],{"class":67},[53,146665,747],{"class":117},[53,146667,628],{"class":67},[20,146669,152,146670,60064],{},[15,146671,132820],{},[44,146673,146675],{"className":46,"code":146674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146676,146677,146733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146678,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146680,687],{"class":59},[53,146682,64],{"class":63},[53,146684,68],{"class":67},[53,146686,72],{"class":71},[53,146688,133496],{"class":75},[53,146690,72],{"class":71},[53,146692,81],{"class":67},[53,146694,84],{"class":71},[53,146696,11296],{"class":75},[53,146698,72],{"class":71},[53,146700,81],{"class":67},[53,146702,84],{"class":71},[53,146704,62819],{"class":75},[53,146706,72],{"class":71},[53,146708,81],{"class":67},[53,146710,84],{"class":71},[53,146712,59970],{"class":75},[53,146714,72],{"class":71},[53,146716,81],{"class":67},[53,146718,84],{"class":71},[53,146720,60005],{"class":75},[53,146722,72],{"class":71},[53,146724,81],{"class":67},[53,146726,84],{"class":71},[53,146728,75413],{"class":75},[53,146730,72],{"class":71},[53,146732,101],{"class":67},[53,146734,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146736,137],{"class":136},[53,146738,121],{"class":67},[53,146740,5824],{"class":71},[53,146742,37],{"class":67},[53,146744,132897],{"class":117},[53,146746,121],{"class":67},[53,146748,747],{"class":117},[53,146750,628],{"class":67},[20,146752,388],{},[44,146754,146755],{"className":46,"code":133577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146756,146757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146758,146759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146760,133577],{"class":59},[20,146762,146763,146764,37],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[195,146765,146766],{"href":134658},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[39,146768,146770,146772],{"id":146769},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146771,145372],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146774,146775,146777],{},[15,146776,145372],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1418,146779,664,146781],{"id":146780},"using-sum",[15,146782,145372],{},[44,146784,146786],{"className":46,"code":146785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146787,146788,146808,146822],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146789,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146791,326],{"class":59},[53,146793,64],{"class":63},[53,146795,68],{"class":67},[53,146797,2062],{"class":333},[53,146799,81],{"class":67},[53,146801,5545],{"class":333},[53,146803,81],{"class":67},[53,146805,53675],{"class":333},[53,146807,101],{"class":67},[53,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146811,40724],{"class":59},[53,146813,64],{"class":63},[53,146815,145425],{"class":136},[53,146817,121],{"class":67},[53,146819,3209],{"class":117},[53,146821,130],{"class":67},[53,146823,146824,146826,146828,146830],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,146825,137],{"class":136},[53,146827,121],{"class":67},[53,146829,40753],{"class":117},[53,146831,130],{"class":67},[1418,146833,146835],{"id":146834},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[44,146837,146839],{"className":46,"code":146838,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146840,146841,146861,146869,146873,146885,146893,146897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146842,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146844,326],{"class":59},[53,146846,64],{"class":63},[53,146848,68],{"class":67},[53,146850,2062],{"class":333},[53,146852,81],{"class":67},[53,146854,5545],{"class":333},[53,146856,81],{"class":67},[53,146858,53675],{"class":333},[53,146860,101],{"class":67},[53,146862,146863,146865,146867],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146864,40724],{"class":59},[53,146866,64],{"class":63},[53,146868,38055],{"class":333},[53,146870,146871],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,146872,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,146874,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,146876,5510],{"class":1041},[53,146878,5939],{"class":59},[53,146880,1048],{"class":1041},[53,146882,356],{"class":59},[53,146884,1053],{"class":67},[53,146886,146887,146889,146891],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,146888,89490],{"class":59},[53,146890,89493],{"class":63},[53,146892,89496],{"class":59},[53,146894,146895],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,146896,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,146898,146899,146901,146903,146905],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,146900,137],{"class":136},[53,146902,121],{"class":67},[53,146904,40753],{"class":117},[53,146906,130],{"class":67},[20,146908,146909],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146911,2046,146912,146914],{},[15,146913,145372],{}," is often better:",[173,146916,146917,146920,146923],{},[176,146918,146919],{},"Shorter code",[176,146921,146922],{},"Easier to read",[176,146924,146925],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146927,146928],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[173,146930,146931,146934,146937],{},[176,146932,146933],{},"You need to skip some values",[176,146935,146936],{},"You need extra checks",[176,146938,146939],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146941,146942,146943,146946,146947,146949],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[195,146944,146945],{"href":39550},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146948,145372],{}," on the filtered result.",[39,146951,2389],{"id":2388},[20,146953,146954,146955,171],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146956,145372],{},[173,146958,146959,146965,146972,146979],{},[176,146960,146961,146962],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146963,146964],{},"sum(5)",[176,146966,146967,146968,146971],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146969,146970],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[176,146973,664,146974,146976,146977],{},[15,146975,145372],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146978,132820],{},[176,146980,146981],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146983,8425,146984,146986],{},[15,146985,145372],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[44,146988,146990],{"className":46,"code":146989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146991,146992,147002,147016,147040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146993,146994,146996,146998,147000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146995,137],{"class":136},[53,146997,121],{"class":67},[53,146999,4911],{"class":117},[53,147001,130],{"class":67},[53,147003,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147005,137],{"class":136},[53,147007,121],{"class":67},[53,147009,1321],{"class":1320},[53,147011,121],{"class":67},[53,147013,4911],{"class":117},[53,147015,628],{"class":67},[53,147017,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147019,137],{"class":136},[53,147021,2546],{"class":67},[53,147023,1321],{"class":1320},[53,147025,121],{"class":67},[53,147027,1735],{"class":117},[53,147029,145],{"class":67},[53,147031,3438],{"class":1041},[53,147033,3441],{"class":117},[53,147035,1048],{"class":1041},[53,147037,3446],{"class":117},[53,147039,3449],{"class":67},[53,147041,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,147043,137],{"class":136},[53,147045,121],{"class":67},[53,147047,145495],{"class":136},[53,147049,2546],{"class":67},[53,147051,1750],{"class":1320},[53,147053,121],{"class":67},[53,147055,1735],{"class":117},[53,147057,145],{"class":67},[53,147059,3438],{"class":1041},[53,147061,3441],{"class":117},[53,147063,1048],{"class":1041},[53,147065,3446],{"class":117},[53,147067,2559],{"class":67},[20,147069,135391],{},[173,147071,147072,147078,147084,147089],{},[176,147073,147074,147077],{},[15,147075,147076],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[176,147079,147080,147083],{},[15,147081,147082],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[176,147085,147086,135413],{},[15,147087,147088],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[176,147090,147091,147094],{},[15,147092,147093],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[39,147096,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,147098,1421,147100,1424],{"id":147099},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147101,145372],{},[20,147103,147104],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1418,147106,1446,147108,147110],{"id":147107},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147109,145372],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147112,29815,147113,2438,147116,147119],{},[15,147114,147115],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147117,147118],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1418,147121,1446,147123,147125],{"id":147122},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147124,145372],{}," work with floats?",[20,147127,147128],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1418,147130,147132,147133,1459],{"id":147131},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147134,145372],{},[20,147136,147137,147138,147140],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147139,273],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1418,147142,4711,147144,118776,147146,1459],{"id":147143},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147145,145372],{},[15,147147,2565],{},[20,147149,147150],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[39,147152,1471],{"id":1470},[173,147154,147155,147159,147165,147171,147177,147181,147185],{},[176,147156,147157],{},[195,147158,145855],{"href":1978},[176,147160,147161],{},[195,147162,3138,147163,3071],{"href":35738},[15,147164,35741],{},[176,147166,147167],{},[195,147168,3138,147169,3071],{"href":41900},[15,147170,41903],{},[176,147172,147173],{},[195,147174,3138,147175,3071],{"href":41717},[15,147176,47225],{},[176,147178,147179],{},[195,147180,4773],{"href":39550},[176,147182,147183],{},[195,147184,3088],{"href":2522},[176,147186,147187],{},[195,147188,146766],{"href":134658},[1494,147190,147191],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":147193},[147194,147195,147197,147198,147199,147201,147209,147215,147222,147228,147229,147241],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":145451,"depth":104,"text":147196},"What sum() does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":145629,"depth":104,"text":147200},"Using the start value",{"id":145731,"depth":104,"text":147202,"children":147203},"What sum() can work with",[147204,147205,147206,147208],{"id":39966,"depth":133,"text":39967},{"id":51588,"depth":133,"text":145797},{"id":145858,"depth":133,"text":147207},"Values from range()",{"id":145906,"depth":133,"text":145907},{"id":145980,"depth":104,"text":147210,"children":147211},"What sum() does not work with",[147212,147213,147214],{"id":145991,"depth":133,"text":145992},{"id":146108,"depth":133,"text":146109},{"id":146166,"depth":133,"text":146167},{"id":41045,"depth":104,"text":41046,"children":147216},[147217,147218,147219,147220],{"id":6075,"depth":133,"text":6076},{"id":146302,"depth":133,"text":146303},{"id":146450,"depth":133,"text":146451},{"id":146587,"depth":133,"text":147221},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146769,"depth":104,"text":147223,"children":147224},"sum() vs manual loop",[147225,147227],{"id":146780,"depth":133,"text":147226},"Using sum()",{"id":146834,"depth":133,"text":146835},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":147230},[147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"id":147099,"depth":133,"text":147232},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147107,"depth":133,"text":147234},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147122,"depth":133,"text":147236},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147131,"depth":133,"text":147238},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147143,"depth":133,"text":147240},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145364,"description":147242},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147249,"title":147250,"body":147251,"description":148653,"extension":1524,"meta":148654,"navigation":372,"path":148655,"seo":148656,"stem":148657,"__hash__":148658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147252,"toc":148621},[147253,147259,147265,147268,147331,147337,147342,147346,147363,147377,147381,147401,147415,147417,147510,147512,147526,147528,147531,147620,147622,147630,147639,147641,147645,147666,147668,147760,147762,147783,147785,147789,147803,147805,147879,147881,147900,147904,147907,147930,147932,148043,148050,148058,148060,148066,148069,148112,148115,148138,148146,148150,148225,148231,148256,148263,148266,148269,148273,148278,148366,148374,148378,148381,148406,148410,148471,148475,148524,148534,148536,148541,148544,148550,148553,148557,148561,148567,148570,148578,148586,148588,148618],[10,147254,147256,147257,18],{"id":147255},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147258,659],{},[20,147260,147261,147264],{},[15,147262,147263],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147266,147267],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[44,147269,147271],{"className":46,"code":147270,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147272,147273,147301,147319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147274,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147276,326],{"class":59},[53,147278,64],{"class":63},[53,147280,8787],{"class":67},[53,147282,517],{"class":333},[53,147284,81],{"class":67},[53,147286,790],{"class":333},[53,147288,81],{"class":67},[53,147290,790],{"class":333},[53,147292,81],{"class":67},[53,147294,1269],{"class":333},[53,147296,81],{"class":67},[53,147298,790],{"class":333},[53,147300,130],{"class":67},[53,147302,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147304,351],{"class":59},[53,147306,64],{"class":63},[53,147308,356],{"class":59},[53,147310,37],{"class":67},[53,147312,40801],{"class":117},[53,147314,121],{"class":67},[53,147316,525],{"class":333},[53,147318,130],{"class":67},[53,147320,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147322,137],{"class":136},[53,147324,121],{"class":67},[53,147326,383],{"class":117},[53,147328,145],{"class":67},[53,147330,50313],{"class":148},[20,147332,152,147333,147336],{},[15,147334,147335],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[39,147338,163,147340,166],{"id":147339},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147341,147263],{},[20,147343,147344,171],{},[15,147345,147335],{},[173,147347,147348,147354,147357,147360],{},[176,147349,147350,147351,147353],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147352,224],{}," appears in the tuple",[176,147355,147356],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[176,147358,147359],{},"Returns an integer",[176,147361,147362],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147364,147365,147366,147368,147369,2438,147373,37],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147367,659],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,147370,147372],{"href":147371},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[195,147374,147376],{"href":147375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[39,147378,147380],{"id":147379},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[44,147382,147384],{"className":46,"code":147383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147385,147386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147387,147388,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147389,147390],{"class":59},"my_tuple",[53,147392,37],{"class":67},[53,147394,40801],{"class":117},[53,147396,121],{"class":67},[53,147398,224],{"class":117},[53,147400,130],{"class":67},[173,147402,147403,147407,147410],{},[176,147404,147405,56990],{},[15,147406,224],{},[176,147408,147409],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[176,147411,147412,147413],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147414,187],{},[1418,147416,102491],{"id":102490},[44,147418,147420],{"className":46,"code":147419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147421,147422,147462,147486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147423,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147425,561],{"class":59},[53,147427,64],{"class":63},[53,147429,8787],{"class":67},[53,147431,72],{"class":71},[53,147433,570],{"class":75},[53,147435,72],{"class":71},[53,147437,81],{"class":67},[53,147439,84],{"class":71},[53,147441,579],{"class":75},[53,147443,72],{"class":71},[53,147445,81],{"class":67},[53,147447,84],{"class":71},[53,147449,570],{"class":75},[53,147451,72],{"class":71},[53,147453,81],{"class":67},[53,147455,84],{"class":71},[53,147457,596],{"class":75},[53,147459,72],{"class":71},[53,147461,130],{"class":67},[53,147463,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147465,137],{"class":136},[53,147467,121],{"class":67},[53,147469,613],{"class":117},[53,147471,37],{"class":67},[53,147473,40801],{"class":117},[53,147475,121],{"class":67},[53,147477,72],{"class":71},[53,147479,570],{"class":75},[53,147481,72],{"class":71},[53,147483,762],{"class":67},[53,147485,57180],{"class":148},[53,147487,147488,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147489,137],{"class":136},[53,147491,121],{"class":67},[53,147493,613],{"class":117},[53,147495,37],{"class":67},[53,147497,40801],{"class":117},[53,147499,121],{"class":67},[53,147501,72],{"class":71},[53,147503,22069],{"class":75},[53,147505,72],{"class":71},[53,147507,762],{"class":67},[53,147509,50790],{"class":148},[20,147511,19504],{},[173,147513,147514,147519],{},[176,147515,147516,147518],{},[15,147517,645],{}," appears 2 times",[176,147520,147521,147523,147524],{},[15,147522,109187],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147525,187],{},[39,147527,11025],{"id":11024},[20,147529,147530],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[44,147532,147534],{"className":46,"code":147533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147535,147536,147584,147588,147610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147539,420],{"class":59},[53,147541,64],{"class":63},[53,147543,8787],{"class":67},[53,147545,72],{"class":71},[53,147547,76],{"class":75},[53,147549,72],{"class":71},[53,147551,81],{"class":67},[53,147553,84],{"class":71},[53,147555,87],{"class":75},[53,147557,72],{"class":71},[53,147559,81],{"class":67},[53,147561,84],{"class":71},[53,147563,76],{"class":75},[53,147565,72],{"class":71},[53,147567,81],{"class":67},[53,147569,84],{"class":71},[53,147571,967],{"class":75},[53,147573,72],{"class":71},[53,147575,81],{"class":67},[53,147577,84],{"class":71},[53,147579,76],{"class":75},[53,147581,72],{"class":71},[53,147583,130],{"class":67},[53,147585,147586],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147587,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,147589,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147591,351],{"class":59},[53,147593,64],{"class":63},[53,147595,457],{"class":59},[53,147597,37],{"class":67},[53,147599,40801],{"class":117},[53,147601,121],{"class":67},[53,147603,72],{"class":71},[53,147605,76],{"class":75},[53,147607,72],{"class":71},[53,147609,130],{"class":67},[53,147611,147612,147614,147616,147618],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,147613,137],{"class":136},[53,147615,121],{"class":67},[53,147617,383],{"class":117},[53,147619,130],{"class":67},[20,147621,388],{},[44,147623,147624],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,147625,147626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147627,147628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147629,847],{"class":333},[20,147631,147632,147634,147635,532,147637,37],{},[15,147633,506],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147636,659],{},[15,147638,882],{},[39,147640,301],{"id":300},[20,147642,57079,147643,128126],{},[15,147644,659],{},[173,147646,147647,147652,147657,147660],{},[176,147648,10973,147649,147651],{},[15,147650,187],{}," when the value does not exist",[176,147653,10973,147654,147656],{},[15,147655,517],{}," when the value appears once",[176,147658,147659],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[176,147661,147662,147663,147665],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147664,1042],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147667,316],{},[44,147669,147671],{"className":46,"code":147670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147672,147673,147714,147718,147745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147674,147675,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147676,147677],{"class":59},"answers ",[53,147679,64],{"class":63},[53,147681,8787],{"class":67},[53,147683,72],{"class":71},[53,147685,8207],{"class":75},[53,147687,72],{"class":71},[53,147689,81],{"class":67},[53,147691,84],{"class":71},[53,147693,8146],{"class":75},[53,147695,72],{"class":71},[53,147697,81],{"class":67},[53,147699,84],{"class":71},[53,147701,8207],{"class":75},[53,147703,72],{"class":71},[53,147705,81],{"class":67},[53,147707,84],{"class":71},[53,147709,8207],{"class":75},[53,147711,72],{"class":71},[53,147713,130],{"class":67},[53,147715,147716],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147717,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,147719,147720,147722,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147721,1042],{"class":1041},[53,147723,147724],{"class":59}," answers",[53,147726,37],{"class":67},[53,147728,40801],{"class":117},[53,147730,121],{"class":67},[53,147732,72],{"class":71},[53,147734,8207],{"class":75},[53,147736,72],{"class":71},[53,147738,145],{"class":67},[53,147740,37938],{"class":63},[53,147742,821],{"class":333},[53,147744,1053],{"class":67},[53,147746,147747,147749,147751,147753,147756,147758],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,147748,1058],{"class":136},[53,147750,121],{"class":67},[53,147752,72],{"class":71},[53,147754,147755],{"class":75},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[53,147757,72],{"class":71},[53,147759,130],{"class":67},[20,147761,388],{},[44,147763,147765],{"className":46,"code":147764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147766,147767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147768,147769,147772,147774,147776,147778,147781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147770,147771],{"class":59},"The answer ",[53,147773,2862],{"class":71},[53,147775,8207],{"class":75},[53,147777,2862],{"class":71},[53,147779,147780],{"class":59}," appears more than once",[53,147782,121770],{"class":67},[39,147784,40587],{"id":40586},[20,147786,34952,147787,103954],{},[15,147788,147263],{},[173,147790,147791,147794,147797,147800],{},[176,147792,147793],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[176,147795,147796],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[176,147798,147799],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[176,147801,147802],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147804,316],{},[44,147806,147808],{"className":46,"code":147807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147809,147810,147838,147842,147864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147811,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147813,4618],{"class":59},[53,147815,64],{"class":63},[53,147817,8787],{"class":67},[53,147819,334],{"class":333},[53,147821,81],{"class":67},[53,147823,339],{"class":333},[53,147825,81],{"class":67},[53,147827,5556],{"class":333},[53,147829,81],{"class":67},[53,147831,344],{"class":333},[53,147833,81],{"class":67},[53,147835,5556],{"class":333},[53,147837,130],{"class":67},[53,147839,147840],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147841,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,147843,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147845,1042],{"class":1041},[53,147847,4665],{"class":59},[53,147849,37],{"class":67},[53,147851,40801],{"class":117},[53,147853,121],{"class":67},[53,147855,334],{"class":333},[53,147857,145],{"class":67},[53,147859,50831],{"class":63},[53,147861,790],{"class":333},[53,147863,1053],{"class":67},[53,147865,147866,147868,147870,147872,147875,147877],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,147867,1058],{"class":136},[53,147869,121],{"class":67},[53,147871,72],{"class":71},[53,147873,147874],{"class":75},"The score 10 is repeated.",[53,147876,72],{"class":71},[53,147878,130],{"class":67},[20,147880,388],{},[44,147882,147884],{"className":46,"code":147883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147885,147886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147887,147888,147891,147893,147895,147898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147889,147890],{"class":59},"The score ",[53,147892,334],{"class":333},[53,147894,7646],{"class":63},[53,147896,147897],{"class":59}," repeated",[53,147899,121770],{"class":67},[39,147901,147903],{"id":147902},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147905,147906],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[173,147908,147909,147915,147920,147923],{},[176,147910,147911,147912,147914],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147913,659],{}," still works because it only reads data",[176,147916,147917,147919],{},[15,147918,659],{}," counts exact matches",[176,147921,147922],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[176,147924,147925,667,147927,147929],{},[15,147926,517],{},[15,147928,41700],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147931,316],{},[44,147933,147935],{"className":46,"code":147934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147936,147937,147971,147975,147995,148019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147938,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147952,147954,147956,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147940,3383],{"class":59},[53,147942,64],{"class":63},[53,147944,8787],{"class":67},[53,147946,517],{"class":333},[53,147948,81],{"class":67},[53,147950,147951],{"class":333}," 1.0",[53,147953,81],{"class":67},[53,147955,84],{"class":71},[53,147957,147958],{"class":75},"Cat",[53,147960,72],{"class":71},[53,147962,81],{"class":67},[53,147964,84],{"class":71},[53,147966,36590],{"class":75},[53,147968,72],{"class":71},[53,147970,130],{"class":67},[53,147972,147973],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147974,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,147976,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,147978,137],{"class":136},[53,147980,121],{"class":67},[53,147982,4911],{"class":117},[53,147984,37],{"class":67},[53,147986,40801],{"class":117},[53,147988,121],{"class":67},[53,147990,517],{"class":333},[53,147992,762],{"class":67},[53,147994,50637],{"class":148},[53,147996,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,147998,137],{"class":136},[53,148000,121],{"class":67},[53,148002,4911],{"class":117},[53,148004,37],{"class":67},[53,148006,40801],{"class":117},[53,148008,121],{"class":67},[53,148010,72],{"class":71},[53,148012,147958],{"class":75},[53,148014,72],{"class":71},[53,148016,762],{"class":67},[53,148018,149],{"class":148},[53,148020,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,148022,137],{"class":136},[53,148024,121],{"class":67},[53,148026,4911],{"class":117},[53,148028,37],{"class":67},[53,148030,40801],{"class":117},[53,148032,121],{"class":67},[53,148034,72],{"class":71},[53,148036,36590],{"class":75},[53,148038,72],{"class":71},[53,148040,762],{"class":67},[53,148042,149],{"class":148},[20,148044,4711,148045,1152,148048,1459],{},[15,148046,148047],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148049,525],{},[20,148051,8335,148052,285,148055,148057],{},[15,148053,148054],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148056,3167],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[39,148059,2389],{"id":2388},[1418,148061,664,148063,148065],{"id":148062},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148064,40801],{}," without parentheses",[20,148067,148068],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[44,148070,148072],{"className":46,"code":148071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148073,148074,148098],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148075,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148077,326],{"class":59},[53,148079,64],{"class":63},[53,148081,8787],{"class":67},[53,148083,517],{"class":333},[53,148085,81],{"class":67},[53,148087,790],{"class":333},[53,148089,81],{"class":67},[53,148091,790],{"class":333},[53,148093,81],{"class":67},[53,148095,1269],{"class":333},[53,148097,130],{"class":67},[53,148099,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148101,137],{"class":136},[53,148103,121],{"class":67},[53,148105,3209],{"class":117},[53,148107,37],{"class":67},[53,148109,40801],{"class":1223},[53,148111,130],{"class":67},[20,148113,148114],{},"To call the method correctly:",[44,148116,148118],{"className":46,"code":148117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148119,148120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148121,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148123,137],{"class":136},[53,148125,121],{"class":67},[53,148127,3209],{"class":117},[53,148129,37],{"class":67},[53,148131,40801],{"class":117},[53,148133,121],{"class":67},[53,148135,525],{"class":333},[53,148137,628],{"class":67},[1418,148139,8001,148140,8004,148142,2438,148144],{"id":58127},[15,148141,659],{},[15,148143,3167],{},[15,148145,3234],{},[20,148147,148148,58138],{},[15,148149,659],{},[44,148151,148153],{"className":46,"code":148152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148154,148155,148187,148209,148213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148156,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148158,687],{"class":59},[53,148160,64],{"class":63},[53,148162,8787],{"class":67},[53,148164,72],{"class":71},[53,148166,195],{"class":75},[53,148168,72],{"class":71},[53,148170,81],{"class":67},[53,148172,84],{"class":71},[53,148174,704],{"class":75},[53,148176,72],{"class":71},[53,148178,81],{"class":67},[53,148180,84],{"class":71},[53,148182,195],{"class":75},[53,148184,72],{"class":71},[53,148186,130],{"class":67},[53,148188,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148190,351],{"class":59},[53,148192,64],{"class":63},[53,148194,69479],{"class":59},[53,148196,37],{"class":67},[53,148198,40801],{"class":117},[53,148200,121],{"class":67},[53,148202,72],{"class":71},[53,148204,195],{"class":75},[53,148206,72],{"class":71},[53,148208,130],{"class":67},[53,148210,148211],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,148212,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,148214,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,148216,137],{"class":136},[53,148218,121],{"class":67},[53,148220,383],{"class":117},[53,148222,145],{"class":67},[53,148224,50958],{"class":148},[20,148226,148227,148228,148230],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148229,1048],{}," is often simpler:",[44,148232,148234],{"className":46,"code":148233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148235,148236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148237,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148239,137],{"class":136},[53,148241,121],{"class":67},[53,148243,72],{"class":71},[53,148245,195],{"class":75},[53,148247,72],{"class":71},[53,148249,1286],{"class":1041},[53,148251,69479],{"class":117},[53,148253,145],{"class":67},[53,148255,3224],{"class":148},[1418,148257,36747,148259,8254,148261],{"id":148258},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148260,147263],{},[15,148262,56830],{},[20,148264,148265],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148267,148268],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1418,148270,148272],{"id":148271},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148274,148275,148277],{},[15,148276,659],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[44,148279,148281],{"className":46,"code":148280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148282,148283,148316,148342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148284,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148286,3631],{"class":59},[53,148288,64],{"class":63},[53,148290,8787],{"class":67},[53,148292,72],{"class":71},[53,148294,76],{"class":75},[53,148296,72],{"class":71},[53,148298,81],{"class":67},[53,148300,84],{"class":71},[53,148302,148303],{"class":75},"pineapple",[53,148305,72],{"class":71},[53,148307,81],{"class":67},[53,148309,84],{"class":71},[53,148311,76],{"class":75},[53,148313,72],{"class":71},[53,148315,130],{"class":67},[53,148317,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148335,148337,148339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148319,137],{"class":136},[53,148321,121],{"class":67},[53,148323,3672],{"class":117},[53,148325,37],{"class":67},[53,148327,40801],{"class":117},[53,148329,121],{"class":67},[53,148331,72],{"class":71},[53,148333,148334],{"class":75},"app",[53,148336,72],{"class":71},[53,148338,762],{"class":67},[53,148340,148341],{"class":148},"    # 0\n",[53,148343,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,148345,137],{"class":136},[53,148347,121],{"class":67},[53,148349,3672],{"class":117},[53,148351,37],{"class":67},[53,148353,40801],{"class":117},[53,148355,121],{"class":67},[53,148357,72],{"class":71},[53,148359,76],{"class":75},[53,148361,72],{"class":71},[53,148363,762],{"class":67},[53,148365,50958],{"class":148},[20,148367,148368,148371,148372,37],{},[15,148369,148370],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148373,187],{},[39,148375,148377],{"id":148376},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148379,148380],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[173,148382,148383,148388,148397,148403],{},[176,148384,152,148385,148387],{},[15,148386,1048],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[176,148389,152,148390,148396],{},[195,148391,148393,148394],{"href":148392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148395,17],{}," to find the position of a value",[176,148398,152,148399,148402],{},[15,148400,148401],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[176,148404,148405],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148407,45584,148408,171],{},[15,148409,1048],{},[44,148411,148413],{"className":46,"code":148412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148414,148415,148435,148439,148455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148416,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148418,326],{"class":59},[53,148420,64],{"class":63},[53,148422,8787],{"class":67},[53,148424,2062],{"class":333},[53,148426,81],{"class":67},[53,148428,5545],{"class":333},[53,148430,81],{"class":67},[53,148432,53675],{"class":333},[53,148434,130],{"class":67},[53,148436,148437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148438,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,148440,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,148442,137],{"class":136},[53,148444,121],{"class":67},[53,148446,1588],{"class":333},[53,148448,1286],{"class":1041},[53,148450,356],{"class":117},[53,148452,145],{"class":67},[53,148454,43398],{"class":148},[53,148456,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,148458,137],{"class":136},[53,148460,121],{"class":67},[53,148462,1698],{"class":333},[53,148464,1286],{"class":1041},[53,148466,356],{"class":117},[53,148468,145],{"class":67},[53,148470,43415],{"class":148},[20,148472,45584,148473,171],{},[15,148474,17],{},[44,148476,148478],{"className":46,"code":148477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148479,148480,148504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148481,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148483,326],{"class":59},[53,148485,64],{"class":63},[53,148487,8787],{"class":67},[53,148489,2062],{"class":333},[53,148491,81],{"class":67},[53,148493,5545],{"class":333},[53,148495,81],{"class":67},[53,148497,53675],{"class":333},[53,148499,81],{"class":67},[53,148501,5545],{"class":333},[53,148503,130],{"class":67},[53,148505,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148507,137],{"class":136},[53,148509,121],{"class":67},[53,148511,3209],{"class":117},[53,148513,37],{"class":67},[53,148515,118],{"class":117},[53,148517,121],{"class":67},[53,148519,1588],{"class":333},[53,148521,762],{"class":67},[53,148523,149],{"class":148},[20,148525,148526,148528,148529,148531,148533],{},[15,148527,659],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[1147,148530],{},[15,148532,17],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[39,148535,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,148537,1421,148539,1424],{"id":148538},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148540,147263],{},[20,148542,148543],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1418,148545,1431,148547,148549],{"id":148546},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148548,147263],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148551,148552],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1418,148554,148556],{"id":148555},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148558,11462,148559,37],{},[15,148560,187],{},[1418,148562,1446,148564,148566],{"id":148563},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148565,147263],{}," count strings?",[20,148568,148569],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1418,148571,4731,148573,667,148575,1459],{"id":148572},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148574,147263],{},[15,148576,148577],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148579,148580,148582,148583,148585],{},[15,148581,659],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148584,17],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[39,148587,1471],{"id":1470},[173,148589,148590,148594,148599,148606,148614],{},[176,148591,148592],{},[195,148593,147372],{"href":147371},[176,148595,148596],{},[195,148597,148598],{"href":147375},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[176,148600,148601],{},[195,148602,148603,148604,660],{"href":148392},"Python tuple ",[15,148605,17],{},[176,148607,148608],{},[195,148609,148611,148612],{"href":148610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148613,41903],{},[176,148615,148616],{},[195,148617,1478],{"href":58489},[1494,148619,148620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":148622},[148623,148625,148628,148629,148630,148631,148632,148640,148641,148652],{"id":147339,"depth":104,"text":148624},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147379,"depth":104,"text":147380,"children":148626},[148627],{"id":102490,"depth":133,"text":102491},{"id":11024,"depth":104,"text":11025},{"id":300,"depth":104,"text":301},{"id":40586,"depth":104,"text":40587},{"id":147902,"depth":104,"text":147903},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":148633},[148634,148636,148637,148639],{"id":148062,"depth":133,"text":148635},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58127,"depth":133,"text":58541},{"id":148258,"depth":133,"text":148638},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148271,"depth":133,"text":148272},{"id":148376,"depth":104,"text":148377},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":148642},[148643,148645,148647,148648,148650],{"id":148538,"depth":133,"text":148644},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148546,"depth":133,"text":148646},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148555,"depth":133,"text":148556},{"id":148563,"depth":133,"text":148649},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148572,"depth":133,"text":148651},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147250,"description":148653},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148660,"title":148661,"body":148662,"description":150349,"extension":1524,"meta":150350,"navigation":372,"path":150351,"seo":150352,"stem":150353,"__hash__":150354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148663,"toc":150312},[148664,148667,148670,148679,148681,148811,148813,148874,148880,148882,148902,148906,148909,148912,148947,148949,148970,148973,149012,149014,149039,149046,149050,149053,149090,149092,149115,149118,149121,149133,149139,149143,149146,149152,149193,149195,149218,149221,149262,149264,149291,149293,149310,149312,149329,149332,149336,149339,149341,149375,149377,149424,149428,149467,149471,149474,149531,149533,149574,149580,149586,149591,149593,149630,149632,149652,149654,149687,149689,149722,149725,149729,149762,149764,149789,149792,149794,149808,149815,149817,149820,149824,149827,149862,149865,149900,149904,149907,149946,149949,149988,149992,149994,150024,150027,150034,150036,150068,150071,150103,150106,150137,150139,150156,150160,150163,150227,150229,150233,150240,150244,150247,150251,150254,150258,150261,150266,150272,150274,150309],[10,148665,148661],{"id":148666},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148668,148669],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148671,148672,148673,2438,148677,37],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[195,148674,148676],{"href":148675},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[195,148678,147372],{"href":147371},[39,148680,1566],{"id":1565},[44,148682,148684],{"className":46,"code":148683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148685,148686,148706,148715,148729,148765,148769,148779,148789,148800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148687,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148689,326],{"class":59},[53,148691,64],{"class":63},[53,148693,8787],{"class":67},[53,148695,517],{"class":333},[53,148697,81],{"class":67},[53,148699,790],{"class":333},[53,148701,81],{"class":67},[53,148703,1269],{"class":333},[53,148705,130],{"class":67},[53,148707,148708,148710,148712],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148709,124236],{"class":59},[53,148711,64],{"class":63},[53,148713,148714],{"class":67}," ()\n",[53,148716,148717,148720,148722,148724,148726],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,148718,148719],{"class":59},"one_item ",[53,148721,64],{"class":63},[53,148723,8787],{"class":67},[53,148725,1698],{"class":333},[53,148727,148728],{"class":67},",)\n",[53,148730,148731,148734,148736,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,148732,148733],{"class":59},"from_list ",[53,148735,64],{"class":63},[53,148737,148738],{"class":1320}," tuple",[53,148740,2546],{"class":67},[53,148742,72],{"class":71},[53,148744,195],{"class":75},[53,148746,72],{"class":71},[53,148748,81],{"class":67},[53,148750,84],{"class":71},[53,148752,704],{"class":75},[53,148754,72],{"class":71},[53,148756,81],{"class":67},[53,148758,84],{"class":71},[53,148760,713],{"class":75},[53,148762,72],{"class":71},[53,148764,3449],{"class":67},[53,148766,148767],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,148768,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,148772,137],{"class":136},[53,148774,121],{"class":67},[53,148776,3209],{"class":117},[53,148778,130],{"class":67},[53,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,148782,137],{"class":136},[53,148784,121],{"class":67},[53,148786,124287],{"class":117},[53,148788,130],{"class":67},[53,148790,148791,148793,148795,148798],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,148792,137],{"class":136},[53,148794,121],{"class":67},[53,148796,148797],{"class":117},"one_item",[53,148799,130],{"class":67},[53,148801,148802,148804,148806,148809],{"class":55,"line":5983},[53,148803,137],{"class":136},[53,148805,121],{"class":67},[53,148807,148808],{"class":117},"from_list",[53,148810,130],{"class":67},[20,148812,388],{},[44,148814,148816],{"className":46,"code":148815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148817,148818,148834,148838,148846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148819,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148821,121],{"class":67},[53,148823,517],{"class":333},[53,148825,81],{"class":67},[53,148827,790],{"class":333},[53,148829,81],{"class":67},[53,148831,1269],{"class":333},[53,148833,130],{"class":67},[53,148835,148836],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148837,8192],{"class":67},[53,148839,148840,148842,148844],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,148841,121],{"class":67},[53,148843,1698],{"class":333},[53,148845,148728],{"class":67},[53,148847,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,148849,121],{"class":67},[53,148851,2862],{"class":71},[53,148853,195],{"class":75},[53,148855,2862],{"class":71},[53,148857,81],{"class":67},[53,148859,2857],{"class":71},[53,148861,704],{"class":75},[53,148863,2862],{"class":71},[53,148865,81],{"class":67},[53,148867,2857],{"class":71},[53,148869,713],{"class":75},[53,148871,2862],{"class":71},[53,148873,130],{"class":67},[20,148875,148876,148877,37],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148878,148879],{},"(5,)",[39,148881,14714],{"id":14713},[173,148883,148884,148887,148890,148893,148896,148899],{},[176,148885,148886],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[176,148888,148889],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[176,148891,148892],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[176,148894,148895],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[176,148897,148898],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[176,148900,148901],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[39,148903,148905],{"id":148904},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148907,148908],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148910,148911],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[44,148913,148915],{"className":46,"code":148914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148916,148917,148937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148918,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148920,326],{"class":59},[53,148922,64],{"class":63},[53,148924,8787],{"class":67},[53,148926,517],{"class":333},[53,148928,81],{"class":67},[53,148930,790],{"class":333},[53,148932,81],{"class":67},[53,148934,1269],{"class":333},[53,148936,130],{"class":67},[53,148938,148939,148941,148943,148945],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148940,137],{"class":136},[53,148942,121],{"class":67},[53,148944,3209],{"class":117},[53,148946,130],{"class":67},[20,148948,388],{},[44,148950,148952],{"className":46,"code":148951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148953,148954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148955,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148957,121],{"class":67},[53,148959,517],{"class":333},[53,148961,81],{"class":67},[53,148963,790],{"class":333},[53,148965,81],{"class":67},[53,148967,1269],{"class":333},[53,148969,130],{"class":67},[20,148971,148972],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[44,148974,148976],{"className":46,"code":148975,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148977,148978,149002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148979,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148981,8716],{"class":59},[53,148983,64],{"class":63},[53,148985,8787],{"class":67},[53,148987,517],{"class":333},[53,148989,81],{"class":67},[53,148991,84],{"class":71},[53,148993,76],{"class":75},[53,148995,72],{"class":71},[53,148997,81],{"class":67},[53,148999,3476],{"class":3413},[53,149001,130],{"class":67},[53,149003,149004,149006,149008,149010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149005,137],{"class":136},[53,149007,121],{"class":67},[53,149009,8755],{"class":117},[53,149011,130],{"class":67},[20,149013,388],{},[44,149015,149017],{"className":46,"code":149016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149018,149019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149020,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149022,121],{"class":67},[53,149024,517],{"class":333},[53,149026,81],{"class":67},[53,149028,2857],{"class":71},[53,149030,76],{"class":75},[53,149032,2862],{"class":71},[53,149034,81],{"class":67},[53,149036,3476],{"class":3413},[53,149038,130],{"class":67},[20,149040,149041,149042,37],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[195,149043,149045],{"href":149044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[39,149047,149049],{"id":149048},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149051,149052],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[44,149054,149056],{"className":46,"code":149055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149057,149058,149066,149076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149059,149060,149062,149064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149061,124236],{"class":59},[53,149063,64],{"class":63},[53,149065,148714],{"class":67},[53,149067,149068,149070,149072,149074],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149069,137],{"class":136},[53,149071,121],{"class":67},[53,149073,124287],{"class":117},[53,149075,130],{"class":67},[53,149077,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,149079,137],{"class":136},[53,149081,121],{"class":67},[53,149083,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149085,121],{"class":67},[53,149087,124287],{"class":117},[53,149089,628],{"class":67},[20,149091,388],{},[44,149093,149095],{"className":46,"code":149094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149096,149097,149101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149098,149099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149100,8192],{"class":67},[53,149102,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149104,2851],{"class":63},[53,149106,2854],{"class":1627},[53,149108,2857],{"class":71},[53,149110,48495],{"class":75},[53,149112,2862],{"class":71},[53,149114,2865],{"class":63},[20,149116,149117],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149119,149120],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[173,149122,149123,149128],{},[176,149124,149125,149126],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149127,6917],{},[176,149129,149130,149131],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149132,3347],{},[20,149134,149135,149136,37],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[195,149137,149138],{"href":56689},"Python list: creating a list",[39,149140,149142],{"id":149141},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149144,149145],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149147,149148,149149,149151],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149150,1112],{}," automatically a tuple:",[44,149153,149155],{"className":46,"code":149154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149156,149157,149169,149179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149158,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149160,2006],{"class":59},[53,149162,64],{"class":63},[53,149164,8787],{"class":67},[53,149166,1698],{"class":333},[53,149168,130],{"class":67},[53,149170,149171,149173,149175,149177],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149172,137],{"class":136},[53,149174,121],{"class":67},[53,149176,224],{"class":117},[53,149178,130],{"class":67},[53,149180,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,149182,137],{"class":136},[53,149184,121],{"class":67},[53,149186,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149188,121],{"class":67},[53,149190,224],{"class":117},[53,149192,628],{"class":67},[20,149194,388],{},[44,149196,149198],{"className":46,"code":149197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149199,149200,149204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149201,149202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149203,2507],{"class":333},[53,149205,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149207,2851],{"class":63},[53,149209,2854],{"class":1627},[53,149211,2857],{"class":71},[53,149213,1750],{"class":75},[53,149215,2862],{"class":71},[53,149217,2865],{"class":63},[20,149219,149220],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[44,149222,149224],{"className":46,"code":149223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149225,149226,149238,149248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149227,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149229,148719],{"class":59},[53,149231,64],{"class":63},[53,149233,8787],{"class":67},[53,149235,1698],{"class":333},[53,149237,148728],{"class":67},[53,149239,149240,149242,149244,149246],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149241,137],{"class":136},[53,149243,121],{"class":67},[53,149245,148797],{"class":117},[53,149247,130],{"class":67},[53,149249,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,149251,137],{"class":136},[53,149253,121],{"class":67},[53,149255,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149257,121],{"class":67},[53,149259,148797],{"class":117},[53,149261,628],{"class":67},[20,149263,388],{},[44,149265,149267],{"className":46,"code":149266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149268,149269,149277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149270,149271,149273,149275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149272,121],{"class":67},[53,149274,1698],{"class":333},[53,149276,148728],{"class":67},[53,149278,149279,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149280,2851],{"class":63},[53,149282,2854],{"class":1627},[53,149284,2857],{"class":71},[53,149286,48495],{"class":75},[53,149288,2862],{"class":71},[53,149290,2865],{"class":63},[20,149292,1183],{},[44,149294,149296],{"className":46,"code":149295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149297,149298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149301,121],{"class":67},[53,149303,72],{"class":71},[53,149305,76],{"class":75},[53,149307,72],{"class":71},[53,149309,148728],{"class":67},[20,149311,1209],{},[44,149313,149315],{"className":46,"code":149314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149316,149317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149318,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149320,121],{"class":67},[53,149322,72],{"class":71},[53,149324,76],{"class":75},[53,149326,72],{"class":71},[53,149328,130],{"class":67},[20,149330,149331],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[39,149333,149335],{"id":149334},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149337,149338],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1418,149340,55997],{"id":3209},[44,149342,149343],{"className":46,"code":148914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149344,149345,149365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149346,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149348,326],{"class":59},[53,149350,64],{"class":63},[53,149352,8787],{"class":67},[53,149354,517],{"class":333},[53,149356,81],{"class":67},[53,149358,790],{"class":333},[53,149360,81],{"class":67},[53,149362,1269],{"class":333},[53,149364,130],{"class":67},[53,149366,149367,149369,149371,149373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149368,137],{"class":136},[53,149370,121],{"class":67},[53,149372,3209],{"class":117},[53,149374,130],{"class":67},[1418,149376,56000],{"id":4861},[44,149378,149380],{"className":46,"code":149379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149381,149382,149414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149383,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149385,561],{"class":59},[53,149387,64],{"class":63},[53,149389,8787],{"class":67},[53,149391,72],{"class":71},[53,149393,570],{"class":75},[53,149395,72],{"class":71},[53,149397,81],{"class":67},[53,149399,84],{"class":71},[53,149401,596],{"class":75},[53,149403,72],{"class":71},[53,149405,81],{"class":67},[53,149407,84],{"class":71},[53,149409,579],{"class":75},[53,149411,72],{"class":71},[53,149413,130],{"class":67},[53,149415,149416,149418,149420,149422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149417,137],{"class":136},[53,149419,121],{"class":67},[53,149421,613],{"class":117},[53,149423,130],{"class":67},[1418,149425,149427],{"id":149426},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[44,149429,149431],{"className":46,"code":149430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149432,149433,149457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149434,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149436,59004],{"class":59},[53,149438,64],{"class":63},[53,149440,8787],{"class":67},[53,149442,517],{"class":333},[53,149444,81],{"class":67},[53,149446,84],{"class":71},[53,149448,76],{"class":75},[53,149450,72],{"class":71},[53,149452,81],{"class":67},[53,149454,3476],{"class":3413},[53,149456,130],{"class":67},[53,149458,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149460,137],{"class":136},[53,149462,121],{"class":67},[53,149464,59057],{"class":117},[53,149466,130],{"class":67},[1418,149468,149470],{"id":149469},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149472,149473],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[44,149475,149477],{"className":46,"code":149476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149478,149479,149520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149480,149481,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149482,149483],{"class":59},"nested ",[53,149485,64],{"class":63},[53,149487,8787],{"class":67},[53,149489,517],{"class":333},[53,149491,81],{"class":67},[53,149493,8787],{"class":67},[53,149495,72],{"class":71},[53,149497,195],{"class":75},[53,149499,72],{"class":71},[53,149501,81],{"class":67},[53,149503,84],{"class":71},[53,149505,704],{"class":75},[53,149507,72],{"class":71},[53,149509,8784],{"class":67},[53,149511,68],{"class":67},[53,149513,334],{"class":333},[53,149515,81],{"class":67},[53,149517,339],{"class":333},[53,149519,3449],{"class":67},[53,149521,149522,149524,149526,149529],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149523,137],{"class":136},[53,149525,121],{"class":67},[53,149527,149528],{"class":117},"nested",[53,149530,130],{"class":67},[20,149532,388],{},[44,149534,149536],{"className":46,"code":149535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149537,149538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149539,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149541,121],{"class":67},[53,149543,517],{"class":333},[53,149545,81],{"class":67},[53,149547,8787],{"class":67},[53,149549,2862],{"class":71},[53,149551,195],{"class":75},[53,149553,2862],{"class":71},[53,149555,81],{"class":67},[53,149557,2857],{"class":71},[53,149559,704],{"class":75},[53,149561,2862],{"class":71},[53,149563,8784],{"class":67},[53,149565,68],{"class":67},[53,149567,334],{"class":333},[53,149569,81],{"class":67},[53,149571,339],{"class":333},[53,149573,3449],{"class":67},[39,149575,149577,149578],{"id":149576},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149579,37588],{},[20,149581,149582,149583,149585],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149584,37588],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149587,149588,149589,37],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[195,149590,62750],{"href":62749},[1418,149592,104631],{"id":104630},[44,149594,149596],{"className":46,"code":149595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149597,149598,149620],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149599,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149601,326],{"class":59},[53,149603,64],{"class":63},[53,149605,148738],{"class":1320},[53,149607,2546],{"class":67},[53,149609,517],{"class":333},[53,149611,81],{"class":67},[53,149613,790],{"class":333},[53,149615,81],{"class":67},[53,149617,1269],{"class":333},[53,149619,3449],{"class":67},[53,149621,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149623,137],{"class":136},[53,149625,121],{"class":67},[53,149627,3209],{"class":117},[53,149629,130],{"class":67},[20,149631,388],{},[44,149633,149634],{"className":46,"code":148951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149635,149636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149637,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149639,121],{"class":67},[53,149641,517],{"class":333},[53,149643,81],{"class":67},[53,149645,790],{"class":333},[53,149647,81],{"class":67},[53,149649,1269],{"class":333},[53,149651,130],{"class":67},[1418,149653,104817],{"id":104816},[44,149655,149657],{"className":46,"code":149656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149658,149659,149677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671,149673,149675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149662,687],{"class":59},[53,149664,64],{"class":63},[53,149666,148738],{"class":1320},[53,149668,121],{"class":67},[53,149670,72],{"class":71},[53,149672,41102],{"class":75},[53,149674,72],{"class":71},[53,149676,130],{"class":67},[53,149678,149679,149681,149683,149685],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149680,137],{"class":136},[53,149682,121],{"class":67},[53,149684,747],{"class":117},[53,149686,130],{"class":67},[20,149688,388],{},[44,149690,149692],{"className":46,"code":149691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149693,149694],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149697,121],{"class":67},[53,149699,2862],{"class":71},[53,149701,195],{"class":75},[53,149703,2862],{"class":71},[53,149705,81],{"class":67},[53,149707,2857],{"class":71},[53,149709,704],{"class":75},[53,149711,2862],{"class":71},[53,149713,81],{"class":67},[53,149715,2857],{"class":71},[53,149717,713],{"class":75},[53,149719,2862],{"class":71},[53,149721,130],{"class":67},[20,149723,149724],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1418,149726,149728],{"id":149727},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[44,149730,149732],{"className":46,"code":149731,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149733,149734,149752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149735,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149737,3383],{"class":59},[53,149739,64],{"class":63},[53,149741,148738],{"class":1320},[53,149743,121],{"class":67},[53,149745,59530],{"class":136},[53,149747,121],{"class":67},[53,149749,2062],{"class":333},[53,149751,628],{"class":67},[53,149753,149754,149756,149758,149760],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149755,137],{"class":136},[53,149757,121],{"class":67},[53,149759,4911],{"class":117},[53,149761,130],{"class":67},[20,149763,388],{},[44,149765,149767],{"className":46,"code":149766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149768,149769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149770,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149772,121],{"class":67},[53,149774,187],{"class":333},[53,149776,81],{"class":67},[53,149778,821],{"class":333},[53,149780,81],{"class":67},[53,149782,790],{"class":333},[53,149784,81],{"class":67},[53,149786,1269],{"class":333},[53,149788,130],{"class":67},[20,149790,149791],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[39,149793,20348],{"id":20347},[173,149795,149796,149799,149802,149805],{},[176,149797,149798],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[176,149800,149801],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[176,149803,149804],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[176,149806,149807],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149809,149810,149811,37],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[195,149812,149814],{"href":149813},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[39,149816,2389],{"id":2388},[20,149818,149819],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1418,149821,149823],{"id":149822},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149825,149826],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[44,149828,149830],{"className":46,"code":149829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149831,149832,149848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149833,149834,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149835,28082],{"class":59},[53,149837,64],{"class":63},[53,149839,8787],{"class":67},[53,149841,72],{"class":71},[53,149843,76],{"class":75},[53,149845,72],{"class":71},[53,149847,130],{"class":67},[53,149849,149850,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149851,137],{"class":136},[53,149853,121],{"class":67},[53,149855,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149857,121],{"class":67},[53,149859,22856],{"class":117},[53,149861,628],{"class":67},[20,149863,149864],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[44,149866,149868],{"className":46,"code":149867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149869,149870,149886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149873,28082],{"class":59},[53,149875,64],{"class":63},[53,149877,8787],{"class":67},[53,149879,72],{"class":71},[53,149881,76],{"class":75},[53,149883,72],{"class":71},[53,149885,148728],{"class":67},[53,149887,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149889,137],{"class":136},[53,149891,121],{"class":67},[53,149893,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149895,121],{"class":67},[53,149897,22856],{"class":117},[53,149899,628],{"class":67},[1418,149901,149903],{"id":149902},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149905,149906],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[44,149908,149910],{"className":46,"code":149909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149911,149912,149932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149915,3383],{"class":59},[53,149917,64],{"class":63},[53,149919,68],{"class":67},[53,149921,517],{"class":333},[53,149923,81],{"class":67},[53,149925,790],{"class":333},[53,149927,81],{"class":67},[53,149929,1269],{"class":333},[53,149931,101],{"class":67},[53,149933,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149935,137],{"class":136},[53,149937,121],{"class":67},[53,149939,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149941,121],{"class":67},[53,149943,4911],{"class":117},[53,149945,628],{"class":67},[20,149947,149948],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[44,149950,149952],{"className":46,"code":149951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149953,149954,149974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149955,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149957,3383],{"class":59},[53,149959,64],{"class":63},[53,149961,8787],{"class":67},[53,149963,517],{"class":333},[53,149965,81],{"class":67},[53,149967,790],{"class":333},[53,149969,81],{"class":67},[53,149971,1269],{"class":333},[53,149973,130],{"class":67},[53,149975,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149977,137],{"class":136},[53,149979,121],{"class":67},[53,149981,1321],{"class":1320},[53,149983,121],{"class":67},[53,149985,4911],{"class":117},[53,149987,628],{"class":67},[1418,149989,149991],{"id":149990},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149993,149804],{},[44,149995,149997],{"className":46,"code":149996,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149998,149999,150019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150000,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150002,326],{"class":59},[53,150004,64],{"class":63},[53,150006,8787],{"class":67},[53,150008,517],{"class":333},[53,150010,81],{"class":67},[53,150012,790],{"class":333},[53,150014,81],{"class":67},[53,150016,1269],{"class":333},[53,150018,130],{"class":67},[53,150020,150021],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150022,150023],{"class":148},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150025,150026],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1418,150028,36747,150030,150033],{"id":150029},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150031,150032],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150035,64176],{},[44,150037,150038],{"className":46,"code":149656,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150039,150040,150058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150041,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150043,687],{"class":59},[53,150045,64],{"class":63},[53,150047,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150049,121],{"class":67},[53,150051,72],{"class":71},[53,150053,41102],{"class":75},[53,150055,72],{"class":71},[53,150057,130],{"class":67},[53,150059,150060,150062,150064,150066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150061,137],{"class":136},[53,150063,121],{"class":67},[53,150065,747],{"class":117},[53,150067,130],{"class":67},[20,150069,150070],{},"gives:",[44,150072,150073],{"className":46,"code":149691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150074,150075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150076,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150078,121],{"class":67},[53,150080,2862],{"class":71},[53,150082,195],{"class":75},[53,150084,2862],{"class":71},[53,150086,81],{"class":67},[53,150088,2857],{"class":71},[53,150090,704],{"class":75},[53,150092,2862],{"class":71},[53,150094,81],{"class":67},[53,150096,2857],{"class":71},[53,150098,713],{"class":75},[53,150100,2862],{"class":71},[53,150102,130],{"class":67},[20,150104,150105],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[44,150107,150109],{"className":46,"code":150108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150110,150111,150127],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150112,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150114,5706],{"class":59},[53,150116,64],{"class":63},[53,150118,8787],{"class":67},[53,150120,72],{"class":71},[53,150122,41102],{"class":75},[53,150124,72],{"class":71},[53,150126,148728],{"class":67},[53,150128,150129,150131,150133,150135],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150130,137],{"class":136},[53,150132,121],{"class":67},[53,150134,37933],{"class":117},[53,150136,130],{"class":67},[20,150138,388],{},[44,150140,150142],{"className":46,"code":150141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('abc',)\n",[15,150143,150144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150145,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150147,121],{"class":67},[53,150149,2862],{"class":71},[53,150151,41102],{"class":75},[53,150153,2862],{"class":71},[53,150155,148728],{"class":67},[1418,150157,150159],{"id":150158},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150161,150162],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[44,150164,150166],{"className":46,"code":150165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150167,150168,150185,150189,150199,150213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150169,150170,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150171,150172],{"class":59},"my_tuple ",[53,150174,64],{"class":63},[53,150176,8787],{"class":67},[53,150178,72],{"class":71},[53,150180,76],{"class":75},[53,150182,72],{"class":71},[53,150184,148728],{"class":67},[53,150186,150187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150188,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150190,150191,150193,150195,150197],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150192,137],{"class":136},[53,150194,121],{"class":67},[53,150196,147390],{"class":117},[53,150198,130],{"class":67},[53,150200,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150202,137],{"class":136},[53,150204,121],{"class":67},[53,150206,1321],{"class":1320},[53,150208,121],{"class":67},[53,150210,147390],{"class":117},[53,150212,628],{"class":67},[53,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,150216,137],{"class":136},[53,150218,121],{"class":67},[53,150220,10711],{"class":136},[53,150222,121],{"class":67},[53,150224,147390],{"class":117},[53,150226,628],{"class":67},[39,150228,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,150230,150232],{"id":150231},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150234,150235,150236,150239],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150237,150238],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1418,150241,150243],{"id":150242},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150245,150246],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1418,150248,150250],{"id":150249},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150252,150253],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1418,150255,150257],{"id":150256},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150259,150260],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1418,150262,1421,150264,12267],{"id":150263},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150265,150032],{},[20,150267,4701,150268,150271],{},[15,150269,150270],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[39,150273,1471],{"id":1470},[173,150275,150276,150280,150284,150290,150295,150300,150304],{},[176,150277,150278],{},[195,150279,147372],{"href":147371},[176,150281,150282],{},[195,150283,149045],{"href":149044},[176,150285,150286],{},[195,150287,150289],{"href":150288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[176,150291,150292],{},[195,150293,150294],{"href":148610},"Python tuple length with len()",[176,150296,150297],{},[195,150298,150299],{"href":148675},"What is a tuple in Python?",[176,150301,150302],{},[195,150303,62750],{"href":62749},[176,150305,150306],{},[195,150307,150308],{"href":149813},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1494,150310,150311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":150313},[150314,150315,150316,150317,150318,150319,150325,150331,150332,150340,150348],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":148904,"depth":104,"text":148905},{"id":149048,"depth":104,"text":149049},{"id":149141,"depth":104,"text":149142},{"id":149334,"depth":104,"text":149335,"children":150320},[150321,150322,150323,150324],{"id":3209,"depth":133,"text":55997},{"id":4861,"depth":133,"text":56000},{"id":149426,"depth":133,"text":149427},{"id":149469,"depth":133,"text":149470},{"id":149576,"depth":104,"text":150326,"children":150327},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150328,150329,150330],{"id":104630,"depth":133,"text":104631},{"id":104816,"depth":133,"text":104817},{"id":149727,"depth":133,"text":149728},{"id":20347,"depth":104,"text":20348},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":150333},[150334,150335,150336,150337,150339],{"id":149822,"depth":133,"text":149823},{"id":149902,"depth":133,"text":149903},{"id":149990,"depth":133,"text":149991},{"id":150029,"depth":133,"text":150338},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150158,"depth":133,"text":150159},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":150341},[150342,150343,150344,150345,150346],{"id":150231,"depth":133,"text":150232},{"id":150242,"depth":133,"text":150243},{"id":150249,"depth":133,"text":150250},{"id":150256,"depth":133,"text":150257},{"id":150263,"depth":133,"text":150347},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148661,"description":150349},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150356,"title":150357,"body":150358,"description":151903,"extension":1524,"meta":151904,"navigation":372,"path":151905,"seo":151906,"stem":151907,"__hash__":151908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150359,"toc":151873},[150360,150363,150368,150370,150383,150389,150391,150458,150460,150495,150500,150504,150508,150510,150521,150529,150531,150533,150554,150556,150576,150579,150581,150586,150629,150631,150653,150656,150669,150673,150677,150680,150733,150735,150756,150761,150765,150768,150813,150815,150848,150860,150864,150872,150909,150911,150940,150944,150947,151000,151002,151022,151029,151033,151038,151107,151109,151134,151138,151141,151147,151224,151226,151285,151287,151299,151304,151308,151312,151326,151328,151363,151365,151382,151385,151398,151402,151406,151417,151422,151437,151440,151443,151445,151448,151452,151454,151468,151470,151494,151499,151503,151506,151525,151528,151577,151582,151599,151602,151635,151639,151641,151692,151695,151720,151723,151746,151750,151756,151758,151793,151796,151801,151803,151807,151810,151814,151819,151823,151826,151830,151833,151837,151842,151844,151870],[10,150361,150357],{"id":150362},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150364,8673,150365,150367],{},[15,150366,37588],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150369,81972],{},[173,150371,150372,150377],{},[176,150373,150374,150376],{},[15,150375,37588],{}," creates an empty tuple",[176,150378,150379,150382],{},[15,150380,150381],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150384,150385,150386,150388],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150387,37588],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[39,150390,1566],{"id":1565},[44,150392,150394],{"className":46,"code":150393,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150395,150396,150416,150430,150434,150444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150397,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150399,326],{"class":59},[53,150401,64],{"class":63},[53,150403,68],{"class":67},[53,150405,517],{"class":333},[53,150407,81],{"class":67},[53,150409,790],{"class":333},[53,150411,81],{"class":67},[53,150413,1269],{"class":333},[53,150415,101],{"class":67},[53,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150419,351],{"class":59},[53,150421,64],{"class":63},[53,150423,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150425,121],{"class":67},[53,150427,3209],{"class":117},[53,150429,130],{"class":67},[53,150431,150432],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150433,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150435,150436,150438,150440,150442],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150437,137],{"class":136},[53,150439,121],{"class":67},[53,150441,383],{"class":117},[53,150443,130],{"class":67},[53,150445,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,150447,137],{"class":136},[53,150449,121],{"class":67},[53,150451,1321],{"class":1320},[53,150453,121],{"class":67},[53,150455,383],{"class":117},[53,150457,628],{"class":67},[20,150459,388],{},[44,150461,150463],{"className":46,"code":150462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150464,150465,150481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150466,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150468,121],{"class":67},[53,150470,517],{"class":333},[53,150472,81],{"class":67},[53,150474,790],{"class":333},[53,150476,81],{"class":67},[53,150478,1269],{"class":333},[53,150480,130],{"class":67},[53,150482,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150484,2851],{"class":63},[53,150486,2854],{"class":1627},[53,150488,2857],{"class":71},[53,150490,48495],{"class":75},[53,150492,2862],{"class":71},[53,150494,2865],{"class":63},[20,150496,152,150497,150499],{},[15,150498,150381],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[39,150501,150503],{"id":150502},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150505,150506,62458],{},[15,150507,37588],{},[20,150509,48469],{},[173,150511,150512,150515,150518],{},[176,150513,150514],{},"creates a tuple object",[176,150516,150517],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[176,150519,150520],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150522,150523,150524,150526,150527,37],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,150525,148676],{"href":148675}," or the full guide to ",[195,150528,147372],{"href":147371},[39,150530,202],{"id":201},[20,150532,26032],{},[44,150534,150536],{"className":46,"code":150535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150537,150538,150544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150539,150540,150542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150541,48495],{"class":1320},[53,150543,8192],{"class":67},[53,150545,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150547,48495],{"class":1320},[53,150549,121],{"class":67},[53,150551,3280],{"class":117},[53,150553,130],{"class":67},[20,150555,11008],{},[173,150557,150558,150561],{},[176,150559,150560],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[176,150562,150563,150564],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[173,150565,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{},[176,150567,4852],{},[176,150569,4861],{},[176,150571,62529],{},[176,150573,4858],{},[176,150575,6802],{},[20,150577,150578],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[39,150580,149049],{"id":149048},[20,150582,29194,150583,150585],{},[15,150584,37588],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[44,150587,150589],{"className":46,"code":150588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150590,150591,150601,150605,150615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150594,124236],{"class":59},[53,150596,64],{"class":63},[53,150598,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150600,8192],{"class":67},[53,150602,150603],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150604,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150606,150607,150609,150611,150613],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150608,137],{"class":136},[53,150610,121],{"class":67},[53,150612,124287],{"class":117},[53,150614,130],{"class":67},[53,150616,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150618,137],{"class":136},[53,150620,121],{"class":67},[53,150622,1321],{"class":1320},[53,150624,121],{"class":67},[53,150626,124287],{"class":117},[53,150628,628],{"class":67},[20,150630,388],{},[44,150632,150633],{"className":46,"code":149094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150634,150635,150639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150636,150637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150638,8192],{"class":67},[53,150640,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150642,2851],{"class":63},[53,150644,2854],{"class":1627},[53,150646,2857],{"class":71},[53,150648,48495],{"class":75},[53,150650,2862],{"class":71},[53,150652,2865],{"class":63},[20,150654,150655],{},"This is equivalent to:",[44,150657,150659],{"className":46,"code":150658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\n",[15,150660,150661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150662,150663,150665,150667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150664,124236],{"class":59},[53,150666,64],{"class":63},[53,150668,148714],{"class":67},[39,150670,150672],{"id":150671},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1418,150674,150676],{"id":150675},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150678,150679],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[44,150681,150683],{"className":46,"code":150682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150684,150685,150705,150719,150723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150686,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150688,326],{"class":59},[53,150690,64],{"class":63},[53,150692,68],{"class":67},[53,150694,334],{"class":333},[53,150696,81],{"class":67},[53,150698,339],{"class":333},[53,150700,81],{"class":67},[53,150702,344],{"class":333},[53,150704,101],{"class":67},[53,150706,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150708,351],{"class":59},[53,150710,64],{"class":63},[53,150712,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150714,121],{"class":67},[53,150716,3209],{"class":117},[53,150718,130],{"class":67},[53,150720,150721],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150722,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150724,150725,150727,150729,150731],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150726,137],{"class":136},[53,150728,121],{"class":67},[53,150730,383],{"class":117},[53,150732,130],{"class":67},[20,150734,388],{},[44,150736,150738],{"className":46,"code":150737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150739,150740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150743,121],{"class":67},[53,150745,334],{"class":333},[53,150747,81],{"class":67},[53,150749,339],{"class":333},[53,150751,81],{"class":67},[53,150753,344],{"class":333},[53,150755,130],{"class":67},[20,150757,150758,150759,37],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[195,150760,104436],{"href":59587},[1418,150762,150764],{"id":150763},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150766,150767],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[44,150769,150771],{"className":46,"code":150770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150772,150773,150785,150799,150803],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150774,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150776,34233],{"class":59},[53,150778,64],{"class":63},[53,150780,84],{"class":71},[53,150782,36590],{"class":75},[53,150784,1032],{"class":71},[53,150786,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150788,351],{"class":59},[53,150790,64],{"class":63},[53,150792,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150794,121],{"class":67},[53,150796,34254],{"class":117},[53,150798,130],{"class":67},[53,150800,150801],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150802,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150804,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150806,137],{"class":136},[53,150808,121],{"class":67},[53,150810,383],{"class":117},[53,150812,130],{"class":67},[20,150814,388],{},[44,150816,150818],{"className":46,"code":150817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150819,150820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150821,150822,150824,150826,150828,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150823,121],{"class":67},[53,150825,2862],{"class":71},[53,150827,713],{"class":75},[53,150829,2862],{"class":71},[53,150831,81],{"class":67},[53,150833,2857],{"class":71},[53,150835,195],{"class":75},[53,150837,2862],{"class":71},[53,150839,81],{"class":67},[53,150841,2857],{"class":71},[53,150843,62819],{"class":75},[53,150845,2862],{"class":71},[53,150847,130],{"class":67},[20,150849,150850,150851,13604,150854,150856,150857,37],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150852,150853],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150855,1112],{}," create ",[15,150858,150859],{},"('cat',)",[1418,150861,150863],{"id":150862},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150865,150866,150868,150869,150871],{},[15,150867,35741],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150870,37588],{}," collects them all.",[44,150873,150875],{"className":46,"code":150874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150876,150877,150895,150899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150878,150879,150881,150883,150885,150887,150889,150891,150893],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150880,351],{"class":59},[53,150882,64],{"class":63},[53,150884,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150886,121],{"class":67},[53,150888,59530],{"class":136},[53,150890,121],{"class":67},[53,150892,1698],{"class":333},[53,150894,628],{"class":67},[53,150896,150897],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150898,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150902,137],{"class":136},[53,150904,121],{"class":67},[53,150906,383],{"class":117},[53,150908,130],{"class":67},[20,150910,388],{},[44,150912,150914],{"className":46,"code":150913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150915,150916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150917,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150919,121],{"class":67},[53,150921,187],{"class":333},[53,150923,81],{"class":67},[53,150925,821],{"class":333},[53,150927,81],{"class":67},[53,150929,790],{"class":333},[53,150931,81],{"class":67},[53,150933,1269],{"class":333},[53,150935,81],{"class":67},[53,150937,826],{"class":333},[53,150939,130],{"class":67},[1418,150941,150943],{"id":150942},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150945,150946],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[44,150948,150950],{"className":46,"code":150949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150951,150952,150972,150986,150990],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150953,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150955,3383],{"class":59},[53,150957,64],{"class":63},[53,150959,10041],{"class":67},[53,150961,517],{"class":333},[53,150963,81],{"class":67},[53,150965,790],{"class":333},[53,150967,81],{"class":67},[53,150969,1269],{"class":333},[53,150971,8860],{"class":67},[53,150973,150974,150976,150978,150980,150982,150984],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150975,351],{"class":59},[53,150977,64],{"class":63},[53,150979,148738],{"class":1320},[53,150981,121],{"class":67},[53,150983,4911],{"class":117},[53,150985,130],{"class":67},[53,150987,150988],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,150989,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,150991,150992,150994,150996,150998],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,150993,137],{"class":136},[53,150995,121],{"class":67},[53,150997,383],{"class":117},[53,150999,130],{"class":67},[20,151001,388],{},[44,151003,151004],{"className":46,"code":148951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151005,151006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151007,151008,151010,151012,151014,151016,151018,151020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151009,121],{"class":67},[53,151011,517],{"class":333},[53,151013,81],{"class":67},[53,151015,790],{"class":333},[53,151017,81],{"class":67},[53,151019,1269],{"class":333},[53,151021,130],{"class":67},[20,151023,151024,151025,37],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[195,151026,151028],{"href":151027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1418,151030,151032],{"id":151031},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151034,63072,151035,151037],{},[15,151036,37588],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[44,151039,151041],{"className":46,"code":151040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151042,151043,151079,151093,151097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151044,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151046,12754],{"class":59},[53,151048,64],{"class":63},[53,151050,10041],{"class":67},[53,151052,72],{"class":71},[53,151054,7220],{"class":75},[53,151056,72],{"class":71},[53,151058,171],{"class":67},[53,151060,84],{"class":71},[53,151062,12432],{"class":75},[53,151064,72],{"class":71},[53,151066,81],{"class":67},[53,151068,84],{"class":71},[53,151070,8850],{"class":75},[53,151072,72],{"class":71},[53,151074,171],{"class":67},[53,151076,8857],{"class":333},[53,151078,8860],{"class":67},[53,151080,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151082,351],{"class":59},[53,151084,64],{"class":63},[53,151086,148738],{"class":1320},[53,151088,121],{"class":67},[53,151090,16855],{"class":117},[53,151092,130],{"class":67},[53,151094,151095],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,151096,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,151098,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,151100,137],{"class":136},[53,151102,121],{"class":67},[53,151104,383],{"class":117},[53,151106,130],{"class":67},[20,151108,29574],{},[44,151110,151112],{"className":46,"code":151111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151113,151114],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151115,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151117,121],{"class":67},[53,151119,2862],{"class":71},[53,151121,7220],{"class":75},[53,151123,2862],{"class":71},[53,151125,81],{"class":67},[53,151127,2857],{"class":71},[53,151129,8850],{"class":75},[53,151131,2862],{"class":71},[53,151133,130],{"class":67},[39,151135,151137],{"id":151136},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151139,151140],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151142,151143,151146],{},[15,151144,151145],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[44,151148,151150],{"className":46,"code":151149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151151,151152,151188,151192,151206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151155,12754],{"class":59},[53,151157,64],{"class":63},[53,151159,10041],{"class":67},[53,151161,72],{"class":71},[53,151163,7220],{"class":75},[53,151165,72],{"class":71},[53,151167,171],{"class":67},[53,151169,84],{"class":71},[53,151171,12432],{"class":75},[53,151173,72],{"class":71},[53,151175,81],{"class":67},[53,151177,84],{"class":71},[53,151179,8850],{"class":75},[53,151181,72],{"class":71},[53,151183,171],{"class":67},[53,151185,8857],{"class":333},[53,151187,8860],{"class":67},[53,151189,151190],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151191,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,151193,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,151195,137],{"class":136},[53,151197,121],{"class":67},[53,151199,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151201,121],{"class":67},[53,151203,16855],{"class":117},[53,151205,628],{"class":67},[53,151207,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,151209,137],{"class":136},[53,151211,121],{"class":67},[53,151213,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151215,121],{"class":67},[53,151217,16855],{"class":117},[53,151219,37],{"class":67},[53,151221,956],{"class":117},[53,151223,5842],{"class":67},[20,151225,388],{},[44,151227,151229],{"className":46,"code":151228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151230,151231,151251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151232,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151234,121],{"class":67},[53,151236,2862],{"class":71},[53,151238,7220],{"class":75},[53,151240,2862],{"class":71},[53,151242,81],{"class":67},[53,151244,2857],{"class":71},[53,151246,8850],{"class":75},[53,151248,2862],{"class":71},[53,151250,130],{"class":67},[53,151252,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151254,5062],{"class":67},[53,151256,2862],{"class":71},[53,151258,7220],{"class":75},[53,151260,2862],{"class":71},[53,151262,81],{"class":67},[53,151264,2857],{"class":71},[53,151266,12432],{"class":75},[53,151268,2862],{"class":71},[53,151270,8784],{"class":67},[53,151272,8787],{"class":67},[53,151274,2862],{"class":71},[53,151276,8850],{"class":75},[53,151278,2862],{"class":71},[53,151280,81],{"class":67},[53,151282,8857],{"class":333},[53,151284,628],{"class":67},[20,151286,18242],{},[173,151288,151289,151294],{},[176,151290,151291,151293],{},[15,151292,151145],{}," for keys",[176,151295,151296,32102],{},[15,151297,151298],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151300,151301,151302,37],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[195,151303,63082],{"href":63081},[39,151305,151307],{"id":151306},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151309,151310,17866],{},[15,151311,37588],{},[173,151313,151314,151317,151320,151323],{},[176,151315,151316],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[176,151318,151319],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[176,151321,151322],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[176,151324,151325],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151327,316],{},[44,151329,151331],{"className":46,"code":151330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151332,151333,151352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151334,151335,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151336,151337],{"class":59},"coordinates ",[53,151339,64],{"class":63},[53,151341,148738],{"class":1320},[53,151343,2546],{"class":67},[53,151345,2062],{"class":333},[53,151347,81],{"class":67},[53,151349,5545],{"class":333},[53,151351,3449],{"class":67},[53,151353,151354,151356,151358,151361],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151355,137],{"class":136},[53,151357,121],{"class":67},[53,151359,151360],{"class":117},"coordinates",[53,151362,130],{"class":67},[20,151364,388],{},[44,151366,151368],{"className":46,"code":151367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151369,151370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151373,121],{"class":67},[53,151375,2062],{"class":333},[53,151377,81],{"class":67},[53,151379,5545],{"class":333},[53,151381,130],{"class":67},[20,151383,151384],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[173,151386,151387,151389,151392,151395],{},[176,151388,151360],{},[176,151390,151391],{},"RGB colors",[176,151393,151394],{},"dates",[176,151396,151397],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[39,151399,151401],{"id":151400},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151403,43972,151404,1398],{},[15,151405,37588],{},[173,151407,151408,151411,151414],{},[176,151409,151410],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[176,151412,151413],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[176,151415,151416],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151418,115863,151419,151421],{},[30,151420,1112],{}," work:",[44,151423,151425],{"className":46,"code":151424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151426,151427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151428,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151430,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151432,121],{"class":67},[53,151434,1698],{"class":333},[53,151436,130],{"class":67},[20,151438,151439],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151441,151442],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[39,151444,114701],{"id":114700},[20,151446,151447],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1418,151449,151451],{"id":151450},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151453,2396],{},[44,151455,151456],{"className":46,"code":151424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151457,151458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151459,151460,151462,151464,151466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151461,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151463,121],{"class":67},[53,151465,1698],{"class":333},[53,151467,130],{"class":67},[20,151469,29225],{},[44,151471,151472],{"className":46,"code":63186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151473,151474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490,151492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151477,2565],{"class":1320},[53,151479,171],{"class":67},[53,151481,2857],{"class":71},[53,151483,1750],{"class":75},[53,151485,2862],{"class":71},[53,151487,24163],{"class":1320},[53,151489,7646],{"class":63},[53,151491,7649],{"class":63},[53,151493,63209],{"class":59},[20,151495,151496,151497,37],{},"If you see this, read ",[195,151498,61823],{"href":52142},[1418,151500,151502],{"id":151501},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151504,151505],{},"This code:",[44,151507,151509],{"className":46,"code":151508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151510,151511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151512,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151514,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151516,121],{"class":67},[53,151518,72],{"class":71},[53,151520,3406],{"class":75},[53,151522,72],{"class":71},[53,151524,130],{"class":67},[20,151526,151527],{},"returns:",[44,151529,151531],{"className":46,"code":151530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151532,151533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151534,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151536,121],{"class":67},[53,151538,2862],{"class":71},[53,151540,59970],{"class":75},[53,151542,2862],{"class":71},[53,151544,81],{"class":67},[53,151546,2857],{"class":71},[53,151548,59979],{"class":75},[53,151550,2862],{"class":71},[53,151552,81],{"class":67},[53,151554,2857],{"class":71},[53,151556,59988],{"class":75},[53,151558,2862],{"class":71},[53,151560,81],{"class":67},[53,151562,2857],{"class":71},[53,151564,59988],{"class":75},[53,151566,2862],{"class":71},[53,151568,81],{"class":67},[53,151570,2857],{"class":71},[53,151572,60005],{"class":75},[53,151574,2862],{"class":71},[53,151576,130],{"class":67},[20,151578,40447,151579,151581],{},[30,151580,1112],{}," return:",[44,151583,151585],{"className":46,"code":151584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('hello',)\n",[15,151586,151587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151588,151589,151591,151593,151595,151597],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151590,121],{"class":67},[53,151592,2862],{"class":71},[53,151594,3406],{"class":75},[53,151596,2862],{"class":71},[53,151598,148728],{"class":67},[20,151600,151601],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[44,151603,151605],{"className":46,"code":151604,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151606,151607,151624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151608,151609,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151610,151611],{"class":59},"single ",[53,151613,64],{"class":63},[53,151615,8787],{"class":67},[53,151617,72],{"class":71},[53,151619,3406],{"class":75},[53,151621,72],{"class":71},[53,151623,148728],{"class":67},[53,151625,151626,151628,151630,151633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151627,137],{"class":136},[53,151629,121],{"class":67},[53,151631,151632],{"class":117},"single",[53,151634,130],{"class":67},[1418,151636,151638],{"id":151637},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151640,151505],{},[44,151642,151644],{"className":46,"code":151643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151645,151646,151678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151647,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151649,8716],{"class":59},[53,151651,64],{"class":63},[53,151653,10041],{"class":67},[53,151655,72],{"class":71},[53,151657,195],{"class":75},[53,151659,72],{"class":71},[53,151661,171],{"class":67},[53,151663,821],{"class":333},[53,151665,81],{"class":67},[53,151667,84],{"class":71},[53,151669,704],{"class":75},[53,151671,72],{"class":71},[53,151673,171],{"class":67},[53,151675,790],{"class":333},[53,151677,8860],{"class":67},[53,151679,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151681,137],{"class":136},[53,151683,121],{"class":67},[53,151685,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151687,121],{"class":67},[53,151689,8755],{"class":117},[53,151691,628],{"class":67},[20,151693,151694],{},"returns only the keys:",[44,151696,151698],{"className":46,"code":151697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151699,151700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151701,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151703,121],{"class":67},[53,151705,2862],{"class":71},[53,151707,195],{"class":75},[53,151709,2862],{"class":71},[53,151711,81],{"class":67},[53,151713,2857],{"class":71},[53,151715,704],{"class":75},[53,151717,2862],{"class":71},[53,151719,130],{"class":67},[20,151721,151722],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[44,151724,151726],{"className":46,"code":151725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151727,151728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151729,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151731,137],{"class":136},[53,151733,121],{"class":67},[53,151735,48495],{"class":1320},[53,151737,121],{"class":67},[53,151739,8755],{"class":117},[53,151741,37],{"class":67},[53,151743,956],{"class":117},[53,151745,5842],{"class":67},[1418,151747,151749],{"id":151748},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151751,151752,151753,151755],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151754,37588],{}," conversion.",[20,151757,5024],{},[44,151759,151761],{"className":46,"code":151760,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151762,151763,151783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151764,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151766,2006],{"class":59},[53,151768,64],{"class":63},[53,151770,8787],{"class":67},[53,151772,517],{"class":333},[53,151774,81],{"class":67},[53,151776,790],{"class":333},[53,151778,81],{"class":67},[53,151780,1269],{"class":333},[53,151782,130],{"class":67},[53,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151786,137],{"class":136},[53,151788,121],{"class":67},[53,151790,224],{"class":117},[53,151792,130],{"class":67},[20,151794,151795],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151797,25051,151798,151800],{},[15,151799,37588],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[39,151802,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,151804,151806],{"id":151805},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151808,151809],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1418,151811,151813],{"id":151812},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151815,151816,151817,37],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151818,6917],{},[1418,151820,151822],{"id":151821},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151824,151825],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1418,151827,151829],{"id":151828},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151831,151832],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1418,151834,151836],{"id":151835},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151838,151839,151840,37],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151841,2565],{},[39,151843,1471],{"id":1470},[173,151845,151846,151850,151854,151858,151862,151866],{},[176,151847,151848],{},[195,151849,147372],{"href":147371},[176,151851,151852],{},[195,151853,150299],{"href":148675},[176,151855,151856],{},[195,151857,104436],{"href":59587},[176,151859,151860],{},[195,151861,151028],{"href":151027},[176,151863,151864],{},[195,151865,63082],{"href":63081},[176,151867,151868],{},[195,151869,61823],{"href":52142},[1494,151871,151872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":151874},[151875,151876,151877,151878,151879,151886,151887,151888,151889,151895,151902],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":150502,"depth":104,"text":150503},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":149048,"depth":104,"text":149049},{"id":150671,"depth":104,"text":150672,"children":151880},[151881,151882,151883,151884,151885],{"id":150675,"depth":133,"text":150676},{"id":150763,"depth":133,"text":150764},{"id":150862,"depth":133,"text":150863},{"id":150942,"depth":133,"text":150943},{"id":151031,"depth":133,"text":151032},{"id":151136,"depth":104,"text":151137},{"id":151306,"depth":104,"text":151307},{"id":151400,"depth":104,"text":151401},{"id":114700,"depth":104,"text":114701,"children":151890},[151891,151892,151893,151894],{"id":151450,"depth":133,"text":151451},{"id":151501,"depth":133,"text":151502},{"id":151637,"depth":133,"text":151638},{"id":151748,"depth":133,"text":151749},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":151896},[151897,151898,151899,151900,151901],{"id":151805,"depth":133,"text":151806},{"id":151812,"depth":133,"text":151813},{"id":151821,"depth":133,"text":151822},{"id":151828,"depth":133,"text":151829},{"id":151835,"depth":133,"text":151836},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150357,"description":151903},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151910,"title":151911,"body":151912,"description":153325,"extension":1524,"meta":153326,"navigation":372,"path":153327,"seo":153328,"stem":153329,"__hash__":153330},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151913,"toc":153297},[151914,151919,151924,151927,151929,152008,152014,152019,152023,152038,152040,152087,152089,152097,152105,152111,152113,152118,152138,152141,152168,152170,152194,152196,152338,152340,152344,152352,152355,152357,152434,152436,152444,152448,152452,152462,152472,152474,152479,152481,152540,152545,152547,152647,152649,152663,152668,152674,152681,152684,152686,152796,152800,152817,152819,152882,152884,152892,152904,152908,152913,152941,152944,153026,153028,153039,153041,153045,153072,153074,153076,153156,153164,153166,153221,153223,153228,153231,153235,153239,153241,153245,153249,153257,153264,153267,153269,153294],[10,151915,147256,151917,18],{"id":151916},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151918,17],{},[20,151920,151921,151923],{},[15,151922,148577],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151925,151926],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[39,151928,1566],{"id":1565},[44,151930,151932],{"className":46,"code":151931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151933,151934,151974,151996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151935,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151937,561],{"class":59},[53,151939,64],{"class":63},[53,151941,8787],{"class":67},[53,151943,72],{"class":71},[53,151945,570],{"class":75},[53,151947,72],{"class":71},[53,151949,81],{"class":67},[53,151951,84],{"class":71},[53,151953,579],{"class":75},[53,151955,72],{"class":71},[53,151957,81],{"class":67},[53,151959,84],{"class":71},[53,151961,596],{"class":75},[53,151963,72],{"class":71},[53,151965,81],{"class":67},[53,151967,84],{"class":71},[53,151969,579],{"class":75},[53,151971,72],{"class":71},[53,151973,130],{"class":67},[53,151975,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992,151994],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151977,107],{"class":59},[53,151979,64],{"class":63},[53,151981,12673],{"class":59},[53,151983,37],{"class":67},[53,151985,118],{"class":117},[53,151987,121],{"class":67},[53,151989,72],{"class":71},[53,151991,579],{"class":75},[53,151993,72],{"class":71},[53,151995,130],{"class":67},[53,151997,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,151999,137],{"class":136},[53,152001,121],{"class":67},[53,152003,142],{"class":117},[53,152005,145],{"class":67},[53,152007,149],{"class":148},[20,152009,152010,152013],{},[15,152011,152012],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[39,152015,163,152017,166],{"id":152016},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152018,148577],{},[20,152020,1541,152021,10962],{},[15,152022,17],{},[173,152024,152025,152028,152030,152033],{},[176,152026,152027],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[176,152029,127854],{},[176,152031,152032],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[176,152034,152035,152036],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152037,187],{},[20,152039,316],{},[44,152041,152043],{"className":46,"code":152042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152044,152045,152069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152046,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152048,326],{"class":59},[53,152050,64],{"class":63},[53,152052,8787],{"class":67},[53,152054,334],{"class":333},[53,152056,81],{"class":67},[53,152058,339],{"class":333},[53,152060,81],{"class":67},[53,152062,344],{"class":333},[53,152064,81],{"class":67},[53,152066,339],{"class":333},[53,152068,130],{"class":67},[53,152070,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152072,137],{"class":136},[53,152074,121],{"class":67},[53,152076,3209],{"class":117},[53,152078,37],{"class":67},[53,152080,118],{"class":117},[53,152082,121],{"class":67},[53,152084,365],{"class":333},[53,152086,628],{"class":67},[20,152088,388],{},[44,152090,152091],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152092,152093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152094,152095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152096,391],{"class":333},[20,152098,642,152099,152101,152102,152104],{},[15,152100,365],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152103,17],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152106,150523,152107,37],{},[195,152108,152110],{"href":152109},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[39,152112,202],{"id":201},[20,152114,7315,152115,152117],{},[15,152116,17],{}," in two ways:",[44,152119,152121],{"className":46,"code":152120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152122,152123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152124,152125,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152126,152127],{"class":59},"tuple_name",[53,152129,37],{"class":67},[53,152131,118],{"class":117},[53,152133,121],{"class":67},[53,152135,224],{"class":117},[53,152137,130],{"class":67},[20,152139,152140],{},"or:",[44,152142,152144],{"className":46,"code":152143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152145,152146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152147,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152149,152127],{"class":59},[53,152151,37],{"class":67},[53,152153,118],{"class":117},[53,152155,121],{"class":67},[53,152157,224],{"class":117},[53,152159,81],{"class":67},[53,152161,251],{"class":117},[53,152163,81],{"class":67},[53,152165,256],{"class":117},[53,152167,130],{"class":67},[1418,152169,16943],{"id":16942},[173,152171,152172,152177,152182,152187],{},[176,152173,152174,152176],{},[15,152175,224],{}," — the item to search for",[176,152178,152179,152181],{},[15,152180,273],{}," — optional starting position",[176,152183,152184,152186],{},[15,152185,279],{}," — optional ending position",[176,152188,152189,285,152191,152193],{},[15,152190,279],{},[30,152192,288],{}," in the search",[20,152195,316],{},[44,152197,152199],{"className":46,"code":152198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152200,152201,152249,152253,152278,152306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152202,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152204,687],{"class":59},[53,152206,64],{"class":63},[53,152208,8787],{"class":67},[53,152210,72],{"class":71},[53,152212,195],{"class":75},[53,152214,72],{"class":71},[53,152216,81],{"class":67},[53,152218,84],{"class":71},[53,152220,704],{"class":75},[53,152222,72],{"class":71},[53,152224,81],{"class":67},[53,152226,84],{"class":71},[53,152228,713],{"class":75},[53,152230,72],{"class":71},[53,152232,81],{"class":67},[53,152234,84],{"class":71},[53,152236,704],{"class":75},[53,152238,72],{"class":71},[53,152240,81],{"class":67},[53,152242,84],{"class":71},[53,152244,730],{"class":75},[53,152246,72],{"class":71},[53,152248,130],{"class":67},[53,152250,152251],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152252,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,152254,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152256,137],{"class":136},[53,152258,121],{"class":67},[53,152260,747],{"class":117},[53,152262,37],{"class":67},[53,152264,118],{"class":117},[53,152266,121],{"class":67},[53,152268,72],{"class":71},[53,152270,704],{"class":75},[53,152272,72],{"class":71},[53,152274,762],{"class":67},[53,152276,152277],{"class":148},"        # 1\n",[53,152279,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302,152304],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,152281,137],{"class":136},[53,152283,121],{"class":67},[53,152285,747],{"class":117},[53,152287,37],{"class":67},[53,152289,118],{"class":117},[53,152291,121],{"class":67},[53,152293,72],{"class":71},[53,152295,704],{"class":75},[53,152297,72],{"class":71},[53,152299,81],{"class":67},[53,152301,790],{"class":333},[53,152303,762],{"class":67},[53,152305,50461],{"class":148},[53,152307,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,152309,137],{"class":136},[53,152311,121],{"class":67},[53,152313,747],{"class":117},[53,152315,37],{"class":67},[53,152317,118],{"class":117},[53,152319,121],{"class":67},[53,152321,72],{"class":71},[53,152323,704],{"class":75},[53,152325,72],{"class":71},[53,152327,81],{"class":67},[53,152329,821],{"class":333},[53,152331,81],{"class":67},[53,152333,1269],{"class":333},[53,152335,762],{"class":67},[53,152337,149],{"class":148},[39,152339,102763],{"id":102762},[20,152341,152342,25054],{},[15,152343,148577],{},[173,152345,152346,152349],{},[176,152347,152348],{},"An integer",[176,152350,152351],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152353,152354],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152356,316],{},[44,152358,152360],{"className":46,"code":152359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152361,152362,152402,152424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152363,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152365,107862],{"class":59},[53,152367,64],{"class":63},[53,152369,8787],{"class":67},[53,152371,72],{"class":71},[53,152373,36590],{"class":75},[53,152375,72],{"class":71},[53,152377,81],{"class":67},[53,152379,84],{"class":71},[53,152381,57661],{"class":75},[53,152383,72],{"class":71},[53,152385,81],{"class":67},[53,152387,84],{"class":71},[53,152389,57678],{"class":75},[53,152391,72],{"class":71},[53,152393,81],{"class":67},[53,152395,84],{"class":71},[53,152397,57661],{"class":75},[53,152399,72],{"class":71},[53,152401,130],{"class":67},[53,152403,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152405,351],{"class":59},[53,152407,64],{"class":63},[53,152409,107905],{"class":59},[53,152411,37],{"class":67},[53,152413,118],{"class":117},[53,152415,121],{"class":67},[53,152417,72],{"class":71},[53,152419,57661],{"class":75},[53,152421,72],{"class":71},[53,152423,130],{"class":67},[53,152425,152426,152428,152430,152432],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152427,137],{"class":136},[53,152429,121],{"class":67},[53,152431,383],{"class":117},[53,152433,130],{"class":67},[20,152435,388],{},[44,152437,152438],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152439,152440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152441,152442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152443,391],{"class":333},[39,152445,152447],{"id":152446},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152449,152,152450,1398],{},[15,152451,148577],{},[173,152453,152454,152456,152459],{},[176,152455,1403],{},[176,152457,152458],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[176,152460,152461],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152463,152464,152465,152468,152469,37],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152466,152467],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[195,152470,149045],{"href":152471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[39,152473,903],{"id":902},[20,152475,152476,152477,37],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152478,36],{},[20,152480,316],{},[44,152482,152484],{"className":46,"code":152483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152485,152486,152518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152487,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152489,561],{"class":59},[53,152491,64],{"class":63},[53,152493,8787],{"class":67},[53,152495,72],{"class":71},[53,152497,570],{"class":75},[53,152499,72],{"class":71},[53,152501,81],{"class":67},[53,152503,84],{"class":71},[53,152505,579],{"class":75},[53,152507,72],{"class":71},[53,152509,81],{"class":67},[53,152511,84],{"class":71},[53,152513,596],{"class":75},[53,152515,72],{"class":71},[53,152517,130],{"class":67},[53,152519,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152521,137],{"class":136},[53,152523,121],{"class":67},[53,152525,613],{"class":117},[53,152527,37],{"class":67},[53,152529,118],{"class":117},[53,152531,121],{"class":67},[53,152533,72],{"class":71},[53,152535,22069],{"class":75},[53,152537,72],{"class":71},[53,152539,628],{"class":67},[20,152541,974,152542,152544],{},[15,152543,109187],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152546,981],{},[44,152548,152550],{"className":46,"code":152549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152551,152552,152584,152588,152604,152626,152632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152553,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152555,561],{"class":59},[53,152557,64],{"class":63},[53,152559,8787],{"class":67},[53,152561,72],{"class":71},[53,152563,570],{"class":75},[53,152565,72],{"class":71},[53,152567,81],{"class":67},[53,152569,84],{"class":71},[53,152571,579],{"class":75},[53,152573,72],{"class":71},[53,152575,81],{"class":67},[53,152577,84],{"class":71},[53,152579,596],{"class":75},[53,152581,72],{"class":71},[53,152583,130],{"class":67},[53,152585,152586],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152587,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,152589,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152591,1042],{"class":1041},[53,152593,84],{"class":71},[53,152595,22069],{"class":75},[53,152597,72],{"class":71},[53,152599,1286],{"class":63},[53,152601,12673],{"class":59},[53,152603,1053],{"class":67},[53,152605,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,152607,1058],{"class":136},[53,152609,121],{"class":67},[53,152611,613],{"class":117},[53,152613,37],{"class":67},[53,152615,118],{"class":117},[53,152617,121],{"class":67},[53,152619,72],{"class":71},[53,152621,22069],{"class":75},[53,152623,72],{"class":71},[53,152625,628],{"class":67},[53,152627,152628,152630],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,152629,1079],{"class":1041},[53,152631,1053],{"class":67},[53,152633,152634,152636,152638,152640,152643,152645],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,152635,1058],{"class":136},[53,152637,121],{"class":67},[53,152639,72],{"class":71},[53,152641,152642],{"class":75},"Value not found",[53,152644,72],{"class":71},[53,152646,130],{"class":67},[20,152648,388],{},[44,152650,152652],{"className":46,"code":152651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Value not found\n",[15,152653,152654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152655,152656,152659,152661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152657,152658],{"class":59},"Value ",[53,152660,1112],{"class":63},[53,152662,1115],{"class":59},[20,152664,152665,152666,37],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[195,152667,1125],{"href":1124},[39,152669,664,152670,667,152672],{"id":663},[15,152671,273],{},[15,152673,279],{},[20,152675,1541,152676,667,152678,152680],{},[15,152677,273],{},[15,152679,279],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152682,152683],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152685,316],{},[44,152687,152689],{"className":46,"code":152688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152690,152691,152719,152723,152744,152768],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152692,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152694,3383],{"class":59},[53,152696,64],{"class":63},[53,152698,8787],{"class":67},[53,152700,1698],{"class":333},[53,152702,81],{"class":67},[53,152704,5556],{"class":333},[53,152706,81],{"class":67},[53,152708,4162],{"class":333},[53,152710,81],{"class":67},[53,152712,339],{"class":333},[53,152714,81],{"class":67},[53,152716,4162],{"class":333},[53,152718,130],{"class":67},[53,152720,152721],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152722,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,152724,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152726,137],{"class":136},[53,152728,121],{"class":67},[53,152730,4911],{"class":117},[53,152732,37],{"class":67},[53,152734,118],{"class":117},[53,152736,121],{"class":67},[53,152738,1698],{"class":333},[53,152740,762],{"class":67},[53,152742,152743],{"class":148},"        # 0\n",[53,152745,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,152747,137],{"class":136},[53,152749,121],{"class":67},[53,152751,4911],{"class":117},[53,152753,37],{"class":67},[53,152755,118],{"class":117},[53,152757,121],{"class":67},[53,152759,1698],{"class":333},[53,152761,81],{"class":67},[53,152763,821],{"class":333},[53,152765,762],{"class":67},[53,152767,50495],{"class":148},[53,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,152771,137],{"class":136},[53,152773,121],{"class":67},[53,152775,4911],{"class":117},[53,152777,37],{"class":67},[53,152779,118],{"class":117},[53,152781,121],{"class":67},[53,152783,1698],{"class":333},[53,152785,81],{"class":67},[53,152787,1269],{"class":333},[53,152789,81],{"class":67},[53,152791,4162],{"class":333},[53,152793,762],{"class":67},[53,152795,50478],{"class":148},[1418,152797,152799],{"id":152798},"how-it-works","How it works",[173,152801,152802,152807,152812],{},[176,152803,152804,152806],{},[15,152805,273],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[176,152808,152809,152811],{},[15,152810,279],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[176,152813,1541,152814,152816],{},[15,152815,279],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152818,316],{},[44,152820,152822],{"className":46,"code":152821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152823,152824,152852,152856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152825,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152827,3383],{"class":59},[53,152829,64],{"class":63},[53,152831,8787],{"class":67},[53,152833,1698],{"class":333},[53,152835,81],{"class":67},[53,152837,5556],{"class":333},[53,152839,81],{"class":67},[53,152841,4162],{"class":333},[53,152843,81],{"class":67},[53,152845,339],{"class":333},[53,152847,81],{"class":67},[53,152849,4162],{"class":333},[53,152851,130],{"class":67},[53,152853,152854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152855,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,152857,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152859,137],{"class":136},[53,152861,121],{"class":67},[53,152863,4911],{"class":117},[53,152865,37],{"class":67},[53,152867,118],{"class":117},[53,152869,121],{"class":67},[53,152871,1698],{"class":333},[53,152873,81],{"class":67},[53,152875,821],{"class":333},[53,152877,81],{"class":67},[53,152879,826],{"class":333},[53,152881,628],{"class":67},[20,152883,388],{},[44,152885,152886],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152887,152888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152889,152890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152891,490],{"class":333},[20,152893,152894,152895,891,152897,894,152899,152901,152902,37],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152896,517],{},[15,152898,525],{},[15,152900,882],{},", but not ",[15,152903,2062],{},[39,152905,152907],{"id":152906},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152909,152910,152911,171],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152912,148577],{},[173,152914,152915,152923,152928,152935],{},[176,152916,152917,152918,152920,152921],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,152919,224],{}," with the ",[30,152922,118],{},[176,152924,152925,152926],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152927,187],{},[176,152929,152,152930,152934],{},[195,152931,148603,152932,660],{"href":148655},[15,152933,659],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[176,152936,152937,152938,152940],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152939,152467],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152942,152943],{},"Example of value vs index:",[44,152945,152947],{"className":46,"code":152946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152948,152949,152981,152985,153009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152950,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152952,420],{"class":59},[53,152954,64],{"class":63},[53,152956,8787],{"class":67},[53,152958,72],{"class":71},[53,152960,76],{"class":75},[53,152962,72],{"class":71},[53,152964,81],{"class":67},[53,152966,84],{"class":71},[53,152968,87],{"class":75},[53,152970,72],{"class":71},[53,152972,81],{"class":67},[53,152974,84],{"class":71},[53,152976,967],{"class":75},[53,152978,72],{"class":71},[53,152980,130],{"class":67},[53,152982,152983],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152984,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,152986,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,152988,137],{"class":136},[53,152990,121],{"class":67},[53,152992,35833],{"class":117},[53,152994,37],{"class":67},[53,152996,118],{"class":117},[53,152998,121],{"class":67},[53,153000,72],{"class":71},[53,153002,87],{"class":75},[53,153004,72],{"class":71},[53,153006,762],{"class":67},[53,153008,149],{"class":148},[53,153010,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153012,137],{"class":136},[53,153014,121],{"class":67},[53,153016,35833],{"class":117},[53,153018,1226],{"class":67},[53,153020,517],{"class":333},[53,153022,19993],{"class":67},[53,153024,153025],{"class":148},"               # banana\n",[20,153027,1740],{},[173,153029,153030,153034],{},[176,153031,153032,14798],{},[15,153033,514],{},[176,153035,153036,153038],{},[15,153037,517],{}," is the index",[39,153040,2389],{"id":2388},[20,153042,105501,153043,171],{},[15,153044,148577],{},[173,153046,153047,153050,153055,153060,153067],{},[176,153048,153049],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[176,153051,8001,153052,153054],{},[15,153053,17],{}," to return all matching positions",[176,153056,153057,153058],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153059,187],{},[176,153061,153062,153063,667,153065],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153064,273],{},[15,153066,279],{},[176,153068,36747,153069,153071],{},[15,153070,148577],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1418,153073,60242],{"id":60241},[20,153075,93763],{},[44,153077,153079],{"className":46,"code":153078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153080,153081,153091,153105,153120,153138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153082,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153084,137],{"class":136},[53,153086,121],{"class":67},[53,153088,147390],{"class":117},[53,153090,130],{"class":67},[53,153092,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153094,137],{"class":136},[53,153096,121],{"class":67},[53,153098,10711],{"class":136},[53,153100,121],{"class":67},[53,153102,147390],{"class":117},[53,153104,628],{"class":67},[53,153106,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153118],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153108,137],{"class":136},[53,153110,121],{"class":67},[53,153112,2006],{"class":117},[53,153114,1048],{"class":1041},[53,153116,153117],{"class":117}," my_tuple",[53,153119,130],{"class":67},[53,153121,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153123,137],{"class":136},[53,153125,121],{"class":67},[53,153127,147390],{"class":117},[53,153129,37],{"class":67},[53,153131,40801],{"class":117},[53,153133,121],{"class":67},[53,153135,224],{"class":117},[53,153137,628],{"class":67},[53,153139,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153141,137],{"class":136},[53,153143,121],{"class":67},[53,153145,147390],{"class":117},[53,153147,37],{"class":67},[53,153149,118],{"class":117},[53,153151,121],{"class":67},[53,153153,224],{"class":117},[53,153155,628],{"class":67},[20,153157,153158,153159,83780,153161,153163],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153160,36],{},[15,153162,224],{}," is missing.",[20,153165,129007],{},[44,153167,153169],{"className":46,"code":153168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153170,153171,153183,153201,153207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153172,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153174,1042],{"class":1041},[53,153176,21129],{"class":59},[53,153178,1048],{"class":63},[53,153180,153117],{"class":59},[53,153182,1053],{"class":67},[53,153184,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153186,1058],{"class":136},[53,153188,121],{"class":67},[53,153190,147390],{"class":117},[53,153192,37],{"class":67},[53,153194,118],{"class":117},[53,153196,121],{"class":67},[53,153198,224],{"class":117},[53,153200,628],{"class":67},[53,153202,153203,153205],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153204,1079],{"class":1041},[53,153206,1053],{"class":67},[53,153208,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153210,1058],{"class":136},[53,153212,121],{"class":67},[53,153214,72],{"class":71},[53,153216,152642],{"class":75},[53,153218,72],{"class":71},[53,153220,130],{"class":67},[39,153222,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,153224,1421,153226,12267],{"id":153225},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153227,148577],{},[20,153229,153230],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1418,153232,153234],{"id":153233},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153236,153237,152104],{},[15,153238,148577],{},[1418,153240,148556],{"id":148555},[20,153242,76241,153243,37],{},[15,153244,36],{},[1418,153246,153248],{"id":153247},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153250,153251,153252,667,153254,153256],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153253,273],{},[15,153255,279],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1418,153258,14454,153260,56741,153262,1459],{"id":153259},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153261,148577],{},[15,153263,24],{},[20,153265,153266],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[39,153268,1471],{"id":1470},[173,153270,153271,153277,153281,153286,153290],{},[176,153272,153273],{},[195,153274,148603,153275,660],{"href":148655},[15,153276,659],{},[176,153278,153279],{},[195,153280,149045],{"href":152471},[176,153282,153283],{},[195,153284,153285],{"href":150351},"Creating a tuple in Python",[176,153287,153288],{},[195,153289,1125],{"href":1124},[176,153291,153292],{},[195,153293,150299],{"href":152109},[1494,153295,153296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202,"children":153303},[153304],{"id":16942,"depth":133,"text":16943},{"id":102762,"depth":104,"text":102763},{"id":152446,"depth":104,"text":152447},{"id":902,"depth":104,"text":903},{"id":663,"depth":104,"text":1507,"children":153309},[153310],{"id":152798,"depth":133,"text":152799},{"id":152906,"depth":104,"text":152907},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389,"children":153313},[153314],{"id":60241,"depth":133,"text":60242},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":153316},[153317,153319,153320,153321,153322],{"id":153225,"depth":133,"text":153318},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153233,"depth":133,"text":153234},{"id":148555,"depth":133,"text":148556},{"id":153247,"depth":133,"text":153248},{"id":153259,"depth":133,"text":153323},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151911,"description":153325},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153332,"title":153333,"body":153334,"description":154729,"extension":1524,"meta":154730,"navigation":372,"path":152471,"seo":154731,"stem":154732,"__hash__":154733},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153335,"toc":154711},[153336,153339,153342,153345,153359,153361,153364,153458,153468,153474,153478,153481,153484,153486,153504,153506,153577,153579,153596,153600,153604,153607,153624,153627,153642,153644,153735,153738,153742,153745,153762,153764,153859,153862,153865,153869,153872,153966,153968,153987,153990,153994,153997,153999,154054,154056,154091,154094,154108,154116,154209,154218,154222,154225,154232,154235,154282,154284,154292,154295,154346,154348,154365,154370,154374,154377,154380,154382,154433,154436,154491,154494,154497,154499,154502,154522,154524,154597,154600,154613,154615,154619,154624,154628,154633,154650,154654,154657,154674,154678,154681,154683,154708],[10,153337,153333],{"id":153338},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153340,153341],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153343,153344],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[173,153346,153347,153350,153353,153356],{},[176,153348,153349],{},"positive indexes",[176,153351,153352],{},"negative indexes",[176,153354,153355],{},"common indexing mistakes",[176,153357,153358],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[39,153360,42],{"id":41},[20,153362,153363],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[44,153365,153367],{"className":46,"code":153366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153368,153369,153401,153405,153422,153439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153370,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153372,561],{"class":59},[53,153374,64],{"class":63},[53,153376,8787],{"class":67},[53,153378,72],{"class":71},[53,153380,570],{"class":75},[53,153382,72],{"class":71},[53,153384,81],{"class":67},[53,153386,84],{"class":71},[53,153388,596],{"class":75},[53,153390,72],{"class":71},[53,153392,81],{"class":67},[53,153394,84],{"class":71},[53,153396,579],{"class":75},[53,153398,72],{"class":71},[53,153400,130],{"class":67},[53,153402,153403],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153404,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,153406,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153408,137],{"class":136},[53,153410,121],{"class":67},[53,153412,613],{"class":117},[53,153414,1226],{"class":67},[53,153416,187],{"class":333},[53,153418,19993],{"class":67},[53,153420,153421],{"class":148},"   # red\n",[53,153423,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153425,137],{"class":136},[53,153427,121],{"class":67},[53,153429,613],{"class":117},[53,153431,1226],{"class":67},[53,153433,517],{"class":333},[53,153435,19993],{"class":67},[53,153437,153438],{"class":148},"   # green\n",[53,153440,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153442,137],{"class":136},[53,153444,121],{"class":67},[53,153446,613],{"class":117},[53,153448,1226],{"class":67},[53,153450,1585],{"class":63},[53,153452,517],{"class":333},[53,153454,19993],{"class":67},[53,153456,153457],{"class":148},"  # blue\n",[173,153459,153460,153465],{},[176,153461,131796,153462,153464],{},[15,153463,187],{}," is the first item.",[176,153466,153467],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153469,153470,153471,37],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[195,153472,153473],{"href":147375},"how to create a tuple in Python",[39,153475,153477],{"id":153476},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153479,153480],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153482,153483],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153485,11008],{},[173,153487,153488,153491,153498,153501],{},[176,153489,153490],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[176,153492,153493,153494,18510,153496],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153495,187],{},[15,153497,517],{},[176,153499,153500],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[176,153502,153503],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153505,316],{},[44,153507,153509],{"className":46,"code":153508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153510,153511,153531,153535,153549,153563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153512,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153514,326],{"class":59},[53,153516,64],{"class":63},[53,153518,8787],{"class":67},[53,153520,334],{"class":333},[53,153522,81],{"class":67},[53,153524,339],{"class":333},[53,153526,81],{"class":67},[53,153528,344],{"class":333},[53,153530,130],{"class":67},[53,153532,153533],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153534,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,153536,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153538,137],{"class":136},[53,153540,121],{"class":67},[53,153542,3209],{"class":117},[53,153544,1226],{"class":67},[53,153546,187],{"class":333},[53,153548,3449],{"class":67},[53,153550,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153552,137],{"class":136},[53,153554,121],{"class":67},[53,153556,3209],{"class":117},[53,153558,1226],{"class":67},[53,153560,517],{"class":333},[53,153562,3449],{"class":67},[53,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153566,137],{"class":136},[53,153568,121],{"class":67},[53,153570,3209],{"class":117},[53,153572,1226],{"class":67},[53,153574,525],{"class":333},[53,153576,3449],{"class":67},[20,153578,388],{},[44,153580,153582],{"className":46,"code":153581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153583,153584,153588,153592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153585,153586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153587,1936],{"class":333},[53,153589,153590],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153591,70607],{"class":333},[53,153593,153594],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153595,69223],{"class":333},[20,153597,58924,153598,37],{},[195,153599,147372],{"href":147371},[39,153601,153603],{"id":153602},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153605,153606],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[173,153608,153609,153614,153619],{},[176,153610,153611,153613],{},[15,153612,187],{}," = first item",[176,153615,153616,153618],{},[15,153617,517],{}," = second item",[176,153620,153621,153623],{},[15,153622,525],{}," = third item",[20,153625,153626],{},"Pattern:",[44,153628,153630],{"className":46,"code":153629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153631,153632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153635,152127],{"class":59},[53,153637,1226],{"class":67},[53,153639,118],{"class":59},[53,153641,101],{"class":67},[20,153643,316],{},[44,153645,153647],{"className":46,"code":153646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153648,153649,153681,153685,153702,153718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153650,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153652,420],{"class":59},[53,153654,64],{"class":63},[53,153656,8787],{"class":67},[53,153658,72],{"class":71},[53,153660,76],{"class":75},[53,153662,72],{"class":71},[53,153664,81],{"class":67},[53,153666,84],{"class":71},[53,153668,87],{"class":75},[53,153670,72],{"class":71},[53,153672,81],{"class":67},[53,153674,84],{"class":71},[53,153676,96],{"class":75},[53,153678,72],{"class":71},[53,153680,130],{"class":67},[53,153682,153683],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153684,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,153686,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153688,137],{"class":136},[53,153690,121],{"class":67},[53,153692,35833],{"class":117},[53,153694,1226],{"class":67},[53,153696,187],{"class":333},[53,153698,19993],{"class":67},[53,153700,153701],{"class":148},"  # apple\n",[53,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153705,137],{"class":136},[53,153707,121],{"class":67},[53,153709,35833],{"class":117},[53,153711,1226],{"class":67},[53,153713,517],{"class":333},[53,153715,19993],{"class":67},[53,153717,51029],{"class":148},[53,153719,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153721,137],{"class":136},[53,153723,121],{"class":67},[53,153725,35833],{"class":117},[53,153727,1226],{"class":67},[53,153729,525],{"class":333},[53,153731,19993],{"class":67},[53,153733,153734],{"class":148},"  # cherry\n",[20,153736,153737],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[39,153739,153741],{"id":153740},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153743,153744],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[173,153746,153747,153752,153757],{},[176,153748,153749,153751],{},[15,153750,1144],{}," = last item",[176,153753,153754,153756],{},[15,153755,94793],{}," = second-to-last item",[176,153758,153759,153761],{},[15,153760,47212],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153763,316],{},[44,153765,153767],{"className":46,"code":153766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153768,153769,153801,153805,153823,153841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153770,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793,153795,153797,153799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153772,420],{"class":59},[53,153774,64],{"class":63},[53,153776,8787],{"class":67},[53,153778,72],{"class":71},[53,153780,76],{"class":75},[53,153782,72],{"class":71},[53,153784,81],{"class":67},[53,153786,84],{"class":71},[53,153788,87],{"class":75},[53,153790,72],{"class":71},[53,153792,81],{"class":67},[53,153794,84],{"class":71},[53,153796,96],{"class":75},[53,153798,72],{"class":71},[53,153800,130],{"class":67},[53,153802,153803],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153804,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153808,137],{"class":136},[53,153810,121],{"class":67},[53,153812,35833],{"class":117},[53,153814,1226],{"class":67},[53,153816,1585],{"class":63},[53,153818,517],{"class":333},[53,153820,19993],{"class":67},[53,153822,153734],{"class":148},[53,153824,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153826,137],{"class":136},[53,153828,121],{"class":67},[53,153830,35833],{"class":117},[53,153832,1226],{"class":67},[53,153834,1585],{"class":63},[53,153836,525],{"class":333},[53,153838,19993],{"class":67},[53,153840,51029],{"class":148},[53,153842,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153844,137],{"class":136},[53,153846,121],{"class":67},[53,153848,35833],{"class":117},[53,153850,1226],{"class":67},[53,153852,1585],{"class":63},[53,153854,882],{"class":333},[53,153856,19993],{"class":67},[53,153858,153701],{"class":148},[20,153860,153861],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153863,153864],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[39,153866,153868],{"id":153867},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153870,153871],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[44,153873,153875],{"className":46,"code":153874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153876,153877,153909,153913,153930,153947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153878,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153880,4549],{"class":59},[53,153882,64],{"class":63},[53,153884,8787],{"class":67},[53,153886,72],{"class":71},[53,153888,12432],{"class":75},[53,153890,72],{"class":71},[53,153892,81],{"class":67},[53,153894,84],{"class":71},[53,153896,35487],{"class":75},[53,153898,72],{"class":71},[53,153900,81],{"class":67},[53,153902,84],{"class":71},[53,153904,35496],{"class":75},[53,153906,72],{"class":71},[53,153908,130],{"class":67},[53,153910,153911],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153912,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,153914,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153916,137],{"class":136},[53,153918,121],{"class":67},[53,153920,4593],{"class":117},[53,153922,1226],{"class":67},[53,153924,187],{"class":333},[53,153926,19993],{"class":67},[53,153928,153929],{"class":148},"   # first item\n",[53,153931,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,153933,137],{"class":136},[53,153935,121],{"class":67},[53,153937,4593],{"class":117},[53,153939,1226],{"class":67},[53,153941,517],{"class":333},[53,153943,19993],{"class":67},[53,153945,153946],{"class":148},"   # middle item\n",[53,153948,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,153950,137],{"class":136},[53,153952,121],{"class":67},[53,153954,4593],{"class":117},[53,153956,1226],{"class":67},[53,153958,1585],{"class":63},[53,153960,517],{"class":333},[53,153962,19993],{"class":67},[53,153964,153965],{"class":148},"  # last item\n",[20,153967,388],{},[44,153969,153971],{"className":46,"code":153970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153972,153973,153977,153982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153974,153975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153976,49582],{"class":59},[53,153978,153979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153980,153981],{"class":59},"Ben\n",[53,153983,153984],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,153985,153986],{"class":59},"Cara\n",[20,153988,153989],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[39,153991,153993],{"id":153992},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153995,153996],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153998,316],{},[44,154000,154002],{"className":46,"code":154001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154003,154004,154036,154040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154005,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154007,687],{"class":59},[53,154009,64],{"class":63},[53,154011,8787],{"class":67},[53,154013,72],{"class":71},[53,154015,195],{"class":75},[53,154017,72],{"class":71},[53,154019,81],{"class":67},[53,154021,84],{"class":71},[53,154023,704],{"class":75},[53,154025,72],{"class":71},[53,154027,81],{"class":67},[53,154029,84],{"class":71},[53,154031,713],{"class":75},[53,154033,72],{"class":71},[53,154035,130],{"class":67},[53,154037,154038],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154039,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154041,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154043,137],{"class":136},[53,154045,121],{"class":67},[53,154047,747],{"class":117},[53,154049,1226],{"class":67},[53,154051,1698],{"class":333},[53,154053,3449],{"class":67},[20,154055,388],{},[44,154057,154059],{"className":46,"code":154058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154060,154061,154073,154078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154062,154063,154066,154068,154071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154064,154065],{"class":117},"Traceback ",[53,154067,121],{"class":67},[53,154069,154070],{"class":117},"most recent call last",[53,154072,7891],{"class":67},[53,154074,154075],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154076,154077],{"class":33998},"  ...\n",[53,154079,154080,154082,154084,154086,154089],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154081,70114],{"class":1320},[53,154083,171],{"class":67},[53,154085,148738],{"class":1320},[53,154087,154088],{"class":59}," index out of ",[53,154090,70306],{"class":136},[20,154092,154093],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[173,154095,154096,154100,154104],{},[176,154097,154098],{},[15,154099,187],{},[176,154101,154102],{},[15,154103,517],{},[176,154105,154106],{},[15,154107,525],{},[20,154109,154110,154111,37],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[195,154112,154113,154115],{"href":148610},[15,154114,41903],{}," on a tuple",[44,154117,154119],{"className":46,"code":154118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154120,154121,154153,154157,154173,154177,154195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154122,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154124,687],{"class":59},[53,154126,64],{"class":63},[53,154128,8787],{"class":67},[53,154130,72],{"class":71},[53,154132,195],{"class":75},[53,154134,72],{"class":71},[53,154136,81],{"class":67},[53,154138,84],{"class":71},[53,154140,704],{"class":75},[53,154142,72],{"class":71},[53,154144,81],{"class":67},[53,154146,84],{"class":71},[53,154148,713],{"class":75},[53,154150,72],{"class":71},[53,154152,130],{"class":67},[53,154154,154155],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154156,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154160,137],{"class":136},[53,154162,121],{"class":67},[53,154164,10711],{"class":136},[53,154166,121],{"class":67},[53,154168,747],{"class":117},[53,154170,762],{"class":67},[53,154172,50313],{"class":148},[53,154174,154175],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,154176,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,154180,1042],{"class":1041},[53,154182,37928],{"class":136},[53,154184,121],{"class":67},[53,154186,747],{"class":117},[53,154188,145],{"class":67},[53,154190,37938],{"class":63},[53,154192,790],{"class":333},[53,154194,1053],{"class":67},[53,154196,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,154198,1058],{"class":136},[53,154200,121],{"class":67},[53,154202,747],{"class":117},[53,154204,1226],{"class":67},[53,154206,525],{"class":333},[53,154208,3449],{"class":67},[20,154210,154211,154212,37],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[195,154213,25225,154215],{"href":154214},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154216,154217],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[39,154219,154221],{"id":154220},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154223,154224],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[173,154226,154227,154229],{},[176,154228,76258],{},[176,154230,154231],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154233,154234],{},"Indexing example:",[44,154236,154238],{"className":46,"code":154237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154239,154240,154264,154268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154241,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154243,326],{"class":59},[53,154245,64],{"class":63},[53,154247,8787],{"class":67},[53,154249,334],{"class":333},[53,154251,81],{"class":67},[53,154253,339],{"class":333},[53,154255,81],{"class":67},[53,154257,344],{"class":333},[53,154259,81],{"class":67},[53,154261,50386],{"class":333},[53,154263,130],{"class":67},[53,154265,154266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154267,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154269,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154271,137],{"class":136},[53,154273,121],{"class":67},[53,154275,3209],{"class":117},[53,154277,1226],{"class":67},[53,154279,517],{"class":333},[53,154281,3449],{"class":67},[20,154283,388],{},[44,154285,154286],{"className":46,"code":70607,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154287,154288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154289,154290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154291,70607],{"class":333},[20,154293,154294],{},"Slicing example:",[44,154296,154298],{"className":46,"code":154297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154299,154300,154324,154328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154301,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154303,326],{"class":59},[53,154305,64],{"class":63},[53,154307,8787],{"class":67},[53,154309,334],{"class":333},[53,154311,81],{"class":67},[53,154313,339],{"class":333},[53,154315,81],{"class":67},[53,154317,344],{"class":333},[53,154319,81],{"class":67},[53,154321,50386],{"class":333},[53,154323,130],{"class":67},[53,154325,154326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154327,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154329,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154331,137],{"class":136},[53,154333,121],{"class":67},[53,154335,3209],{"class":117},[53,154337,1226],{"class":67},[53,154339,517],{"class":333},[53,154341,171],{"class":67},[53,154343,882],{"class":333},[53,154345,3449],{"class":67},[20,154347,388],{},[44,154349,154351],{"className":46,"code":154350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154352,154353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154354,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154356,121],{"class":67},[53,154358,365],{"class":333},[53,154360,81],{"class":67},[53,154362,344],{"class":333},[53,154364,130],{"class":67},[20,154366,154367,154368,37],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[195,154369,150289],{"href":150288},[39,154371,154373],{"id":154372},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154375,154376],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154378,154379],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154381,6239],{},[44,154383,154385],{"className":46,"code":154384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154386,154387,154419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154388,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154390,561],{"class":59},[53,154392,64],{"class":63},[53,154394,8787],{"class":67},[53,154396,72],{"class":71},[53,154398,570],{"class":75},[53,154400,72],{"class":71},[53,154402,81],{"class":67},[53,154404,84],{"class":71},[53,154406,596],{"class":75},[53,154408,72],{"class":71},[53,154410,81],{"class":67},[53,154412,84],{"class":71},[53,154414,579],{"class":75},[53,154416,72],{"class":71},[53,154418,130],{"class":67},[53,154420,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154422,137],{"class":136},[53,154424,121],{"class":67},[53,154426,613],{"class":117},[53,154428,1226],{"class":67},[53,154430,517],{"class":333},[53,154432,3449],{"class":67},[20,154434,154435],{},"But this does not work:",[44,154437,154439],{"className":46,"code":154438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154440,154441,154473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154442,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154444,561],{"class":59},[53,154446,64],{"class":63},[53,154448,8787],{"class":67},[53,154450,72],{"class":71},[53,154452,570],{"class":75},[53,154454,72],{"class":71},[53,154456,81],{"class":67},[53,154458,84],{"class":71},[53,154460,596],{"class":75},[53,154462,72],{"class":71},[53,154464,81],{"class":67},[53,154466,84],{"class":71},[53,154468,579],{"class":75},[53,154470,72],{"class":71},[53,154472,130],{"class":67},[53,154474,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154476,613],{"class":59},[53,154478,1226],{"class":67},[53,154480,517],{"class":333},[53,154482,12823],{"class":67},[53,154484,12826],{"class":63},[53,154486,84],{"class":71},[53,154488,22069],{"class":75},[53,154490,1032],{"class":71},[20,154492,154493],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154495,154496],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[39,154498,2389],{"id":2388},[20,154500,154501],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[173,154503,154504,154510,154513,154516],{},[176,154505,132100,154506,1175,154508],{},[15,154507,517],{},[15,154509,187],{},[176,154511,154512],{},"Using an index that is too large",[176,154514,154515],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[176,154517,154518,154519],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154520,154521],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154523,61827],{},[44,154525,154527],{"className":46,"code":154526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154528,154529,154539,154553,154567,154583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154530,154531,154533,154535,154537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154532,137],{"class":136},[53,154534,121],{"class":67},[53,154536,147390],{"class":117},[53,154538,130],{"class":67},[53,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154542,137],{"class":136},[53,154544,121],{"class":67},[53,154546,10711],{"class":136},[53,154548,121],{"class":67},[53,154550,147390],{"class":117},[53,154552,628],{"class":67},[53,154554,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154556,137],{"class":136},[53,154558,121],{"class":67},[53,154560,147390],{"class":117},[53,154562,1226],{"class":67},[53,154564,187],{"class":333},[53,154566,3449],{"class":67},[53,154568,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,154570,137],{"class":136},[53,154572,121],{"class":67},[53,154574,147390],{"class":117},[53,154576,1226],{"class":67},[53,154578,1585],{"class":63},[53,154580,517],{"class":333},[53,154582,3449],{"class":67},[53,154584,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,154586,137],{"class":136},[53,154588,121],{"class":67},[53,154590,1321],{"class":1320},[53,154592,121],{"class":67},[53,154594,147390],{"class":117},[53,154596,628],{"class":67},[20,154598,154599],{},"These can help you confirm:",[173,154601,154602,154605,154607,154610],{},[176,154603,154604],{},"what the tuple contains",[176,154606,60316],{},[176,154608,154609],{},"what the first and last items are",[176,154611,154612],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[39,154614,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,154616,154618],{"id":154617},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154620,154621,154622,37],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154623,187],{},[1418,154625,154627],{"id":154626},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154629,152,154630,154632],{},[15,154631,1144],{}," as the index:",[44,154634,154636],{"className":46,"code":154635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154637,154638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154639,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154641,147390],{"class":59},[53,154643,1226],{"class":67},[53,154645,1585],{"class":63},[53,154647,517],{"class":333},[53,154649,101],{"class":67},[1418,154651,154653],{"id":154652},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154655,154656],{},"Python raises:",[44,154658,154660],{"className":46,"code":154659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154661,154662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154663,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154665,70114],{"class":1320},[53,154667,171],{"class":67},[53,154669,148738],{"class":1320},[53,154671,154088],{"class":59},[53,154673,70306],{"class":136},[1418,154675,154677],{"id":154676},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154679,154680],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[39,154682,1471],{"id":1470},[173,154684,154685,154690,154694,154698,154704],{},[176,154686,154687],{},[195,154688,154689],{"href":147375},"How to create a tuple in Python",[176,154691,154692],{},[195,154693,150289],{"href":150288},[176,154695,154696],{},[195,154697,150294],{"href":148610},[176,154699,154700],{},[195,154701,25667,154702],{"href":154214},[15,154703,154217],{},[176,154705,154706],{},[195,154707,147372],{"href":147371},[1494,154709,154710],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":154712},[154713,154714,154715,154716,154717,154718,154719,154720,154721,154722,154728],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":153476,"depth":104,"text":153477},{"id":153602,"depth":104,"text":153603},{"id":153740,"depth":104,"text":153741},{"id":153867,"depth":104,"text":153868},{"id":153992,"depth":104,"text":153993},{"id":154220,"depth":104,"text":154221},{"id":154372,"depth":104,"text":154373},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":154723},[154724,154725,154726,154727],{"id":154617,"depth":133,"text":154618},{"id":154626,"depth":133,"text":154627},{"id":154652,"depth":133,"text":154653},{"id":154676,"depth":133,"text":154677},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153333,"description":154729},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154735,"title":154736,"body":154737,"description":156626,"extension":1524,"meta":156627,"navigation":372,"path":156628,"seo":156629,"stem":156630,"__hash__":156631},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154738,"toc":156583},[154739,154745,154750,154801,154805,154813,154819,154821,154837,154839,154842,154857,154859,154872,154874,154931,154935,154943,154950,154956,154962,154966,155017,155021,155029,155033,155062,155066,155074,155078,155111,155115,155123,155127,155130,155181,155185,155193,155195,155212,155216,155220,155279,155283,155291,155294,155321,155325,155333,155337,155343,155418,155422,155459,155467,155471,155534,155538,155546,155551,155555,155561,155604,155608,155616,155622,155625,155672,155676,155684,155693,155699,155754,155758,155766,155769,155773,155775,155806,155810,155829,155832,155877,155881,155904,155910,155915,155917,155964,155969,155972,156020,156024,156032,156036,156041,156045,156095,156099,156114,156118,156176,156180,156195,156199,156270,156274,156283,156287,156366,156370,156392,156400,156402,156405,156430,156432,156485,156487,156504,156506,156510,156516,156521,156526,156530,156535,156539,156544,156550,156553,156555,156580],[10,154740,154742,154743,145],{"id":154741},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154744,10711],{},[20,154746,152,154747,154749],{},[15,154748,41903],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[44,154751,154753],{"className":46,"code":154752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154754,154755,154787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154756,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154758,561],{"class":59},[53,154760,64],{"class":63},[53,154762,8787],{"class":67},[53,154764,72],{"class":71},[53,154766,570],{"class":75},[53,154768,72],{"class":71},[53,154770,81],{"class":67},[53,154772,84],{"class":71},[53,154774,596],{"class":75},[53,154776,72],{"class":71},[53,154778,81],{"class":67},[53,154780,84],{"class":71},[53,154782,579],{"class":75},[53,154784,72],{"class":71},[53,154786,130],{"class":67},[53,154788,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154790,137],{"class":136},[53,154792,121],{"class":67},[53,154794,10711],{"class":136},[53,154796,121],{"class":67},[53,154798,613],{"class":117},[53,154800,628],{"class":67},[20,154802,154803],{},[30,154804,388],{},[44,154806,154807],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154808,154809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154810,154811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154812,847],{"class":333},[20,154814,152,154815,154818],{},[15,154816,154817],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[39,154820,14714],{"id":14713},[173,154822,154823,154828,154832,154835],{},[176,154824,3757,154825,154827],{},[15,154826,41903],{}," works with tuples",[176,154829,67641,154830,11256],{},[15,154831,41903],{},[176,154833,154834],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[176,154836,1129],{},[39,154838,202],{"id":201},[20,154840,154841],{},"Use this pattern:",[44,154843,154845],{"className":46,"code":154844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154846,154847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154848,154849,154851,154853,154855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154850,10711],{"class":136},[53,154852,121],{"class":67},[53,154854,147390],{"class":117},[53,154856,130],{"class":67},[20,154858,11008],{},[173,154860,154861,154864,154867],{},[176,154862,154863],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[176,154865,154866],{},"The result is an integer",[176,154868,154869,154871],{},[15,154870,41903],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154873,316],{},[44,154875,154877],{"className":46,"code":154876,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154878,154879,154903,154917,154921],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154880,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154882,326],{"class":59},[53,154884,64],{"class":63},[53,154886,8787],{"class":67},[53,154888,334],{"class":333},[53,154890,81],{"class":67},[53,154892,339],{"class":333},[53,154894,81],{"class":67},[53,154896,344],{"class":333},[53,154898,81],{"class":67},[53,154900,50386],{"class":333},[53,154902,130],{"class":67},[53,154904,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154906,40783],{"class":59},[53,154908,64],{"class":63},[53,154910,37928],{"class":136},[53,154912,121],{"class":67},[53,154914,3209],{"class":117},[53,154916,130],{"class":67},[53,154918,154919],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,154920,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,154922,154923,154925,154927,154929],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,154924,137],{"class":136},[53,154926,121],{"class":67},[53,154928,40801],{"class":117},[53,154930,130],{"class":67},[20,154932,154933],{},[30,154934,388],{},[44,154936,154937],{"className":46,"code":48192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154938,154939],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154940,154941],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154942,48192],{"class":333},[20,154944,154945,154946,37],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[195,154947,3138,154948,3071],{"href":41900},[15,154949,41903],{},[39,154951,163,154953,154955],{"id":154952},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154954,41903],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154957,154958,154959,154961],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154960,41903],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1418,154963,154965],{"id":154964},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[44,154967,154969],{"className":46,"code":154968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154970,154971,155003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154972,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987,154989,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154974,420],{"class":59},[53,154976,64],{"class":63},[53,154978,8787],{"class":67},[53,154980,72],{"class":71},[53,154982,76],{"class":75},[53,154984,72],{"class":71},[53,154986,81],{"class":67},[53,154988,84],{"class":71},[53,154990,87],{"class":75},[53,154992,72],{"class":71},[53,154994,81],{"class":67},[53,154996,84],{"class":71},[53,154998,967],{"class":75},[53,155000,72],{"class":71},[53,155002,130],{"class":67},[53,155004,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155006,137],{"class":136},[53,155008,121],{"class":67},[53,155010,10711],{"class":136},[53,155012,121],{"class":67},[53,155014,35833],{"class":117},[53,155016,628],{"class":67},[20,155018,155019],{},[30,155020,388],{},[44,155022,155023],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155024,155025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155026,155027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155028,847],{"class":333},[1418,155030,155032],{"id":155031},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[44,155034,155036],{"className":46,"code":155035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155037,155038,155047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155039,155040,155043,155045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155041,155042],{"class":59},"empty_tuple ",[53,155044,64],{"class":63},[53,155046,148714],{"class":67},[53,155048,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155050,137],{"class":136},[53,155052,121],{"class":67},[53,155054,10711],{"class":136},[53,155056,121],{"class":67},[53,155058,155059],{"class":117},"empty_tuple",[53,155061,628],{"class":67},[20,155063,155064],{},[30,155065,388],{},[44,155067,155068],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155069,155070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155071,155072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155073,633],{"class":333},[1418,155075,155077],{"id":155076},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[44,155079,155081],{"className":46,"code":155080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155082,155083,155096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155084,155085,155088,155090,155092,155094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155086,155087],{"class":59},"single_value ",[53,155089,64],{"class":63},[53,155091,8787],{"class":67},[53,155093,1698],{"class":333},[53,155095,148728],{"class":67},[53,155097,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155109],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155099,137],{"class":136},[53,155101,121],{"class":67},[53,155103,10711],{"class":136},[53,155105,121],{"class":67},[53,155107,155108],{"class":117},"single_value",[53,155110,628],{"class":67},[20,155112,155113],{},[30,155114,388],{},[44,155116,155117],{"className":46,"code":391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155118,155119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155120,155121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155122,391],{"class":333},[1418,155124,155126],{"id":155125},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155128,155129],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[44,155131,155133],{"className":46,"code":155132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155134,155135,155167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155136,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155138,8716],{"class":59},[53,155140,64],{"class":63},[53,155142,8787],{"class":67},[53,155144,517],{"class":333},[53,155146,81],{"class":67},[53,155148,8787],{"class":67},[53,155150,525],{"class":333},[53,155152,81],{"class":67},[53,155154,1269],{"class":333},[53,155156,8784],{"class":67},[53,155158,68],{"class":67},[53,155160,2062],{"class":333},[53,155162,81],{"class":67},[53,155164,4162],{"class":333},[53,155166,3449],{"class":67},[53,155168,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155170,137],{"class":136},[53,155172,121],{"class":67},[53,155174,10711],{"class":136},[53,155176,121],{"class":67},[53,155178,8755],{"class":117},[53,155180,628],{"class":67},[20,155182,155183],{},[30,155184,388],{},[44,155186,155187],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155188,155189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155190,155191],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155192,847],{"class":333},[20,155194,19504],{},[173,155196,155197,155202,155207],{},[176,155198,155199,155201],{},[15,155200,517],{}," is one item",[176,155203,155204,155201],{},[15,155205,155206],{},"(2, 3)",[176,155208,155209,155201],{},[15,155210,155211],{},"[4, 5]",[39,155213,155215],{"id":155214},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1418,155217,155219],{"id":155218},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[44,155221,155223],{"className":46,"code":155222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155224,155225,155265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155226,155227,155229,155231,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155228,561],{"class":59},[53,155230,64],{"class":63},[53,155232,8787],{"class":67},[53,155234,72],{"class":71},[53,155236,570],{"class":75},[53,155238,72],{"class":71},[53,155240,81],{"class":67},[53,155242,84],{"class":71},[53,155244,596],{"class":75},[53,155246,72],{"class":71},[53,155248,81],{"class":67},[53,155250,84],{"class":71},[53,155252,579],{"class":75},[53,155254,72],{"class":71},[53,155256,81],{"class":67},[53,155258,84],{"class":71},[53,155260,22069],{"class":75},[53,155262,72],{"class":71},[53,155264,130],{"class":67},[53,155266,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155268,137],{"class":136},[53,155270,121],{"class":67},[53,155272,10711],{"class":136},[53,155274,121],{"class":67},[53,155276,613],{"class":117},[53,155278,628],{"class":67},[20,155280,155281],{},[30,155282,388],{},[44,155284,155285],{"className":46,"code":48192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155286,155287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155288,155289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155290,48192],{"class":333},[1418,155292,155032],{"id":155293},"empty-tuple-1",[44,155295,155297],{"className":46,"code":155296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155298,155299,155307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155300,155301,155303,155305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155302,60],{"class":59},[53,155304,64],{"class":63},[53,155306,148714],{"class":67},[53,155308,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155310,137],{"class":136},[53,155312,121],{"class":67},[53,155314,10711],{"class":136},[53,155316,121],{"class":67},[53,155318,956],{"class":117},[53,155320,628],{"class":67},[20,155322,155323],{},[30,155324,388],{},[44,155326,155327],{"className":46,"code":633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155328,155329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155330,155331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155332,633],{"class":333},[1418,155334,155336],{"id":155335},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155338,155339,155340,155342],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155341,1112],{}," always a tuple.",[44,155344,155346],{"className":46,"code":155345,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155347,155348,155360,155372,155376,155390,155404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155349,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155351,2112],{"class":59},[53,155353,64],{"class":63},[53,155355,8787],{"class":67},[53,155357,1698],{"class":333},[53,155359,130],{"class":67},[53,155361,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155363,2140],{"class":59},[53,155365,64],{"class":63},[53,155367,8787],{"class":67},[53,155369,1698],{"class":333},[53,155371,148728],{"class":67},[53,155373,155374],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,155375,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,155377,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,155379,137],{"class":136},[53,155381,121],{"class":67},[53,155383,1321],{"class":1320},[53,155385,121],{"class":67},[53,155387,195],{"class":117},[53,155389,628],{"class":67},[53,155391,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,155393,137],{"class":136},[53,155395,121],{"class":67},[53,155397,1321],{"class":1320},[53,155399,121],{"class":67},[53,155401,704],{"class":117},[53,155403,628],{"class":67},[53,155405,155406,155408,155410,155412,155414,155416],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,155407,137],{"class":136},[53,155409,121],{"class":67},[53,155411,10711],{"class":136},[53,155413,121],{"class":67},[53,155415,704],{"class":117},[53,155417,628],{"class":67},[20,155419,155420],{},[30,155421,388],{},[44,155423,155425],{"className":46,"code":155424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155426,155427,155441,155455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155428,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155430,2851],{"class":63},[53,155432,2854],{"class":1627},[53,155434,2857],{"class":71},[53,155436,1750],{"class":75},[53,155438,2862],{"class":71},[53,155440,2865],{"class":63},[53,155442,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155444,2851],{"class":63},[53,155446,2854],{"class":1627},[53,155448,2857],{"class":71},[53,155450,48495],{"class":75},[53,155452,2862],{"class":71},[53,155454,2865],{"class":63},[53,155456,155457],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,155458,391],{"class":333},[20,155460,155461,155462,667,155465,37],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[195,155463,155464],{"href":147375},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[195,155466,148676],{"href":148675},[1418,155468,155470],{"id":155469},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[44,155472,155474],{"className":46,"code":155473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155475,155476,155520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155477,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155479,59004],{"class":59},[53,155481,64],{"class":63},[53,155483,8787],{"class":67},[53,155485,72],{"class":71},[53,155487,76],{"class":75},[53,155489,72],{"class":71},[53,155491,81],{"class":67},[53,155493,68],{"class":67},[53,155495,517],{"class":333},[53,155497,81],{"class":67},[53,155499,790],{"class":333},[53,155501,17609],{"class":67},[53,155503,8787],{"class":67},[53,155505,72],{"class":71},[53,155507,1735],{"class":75},[53,155509,72],{"class":71},[53,155511,81],{"class":67},[53,155513,84],{"class":71},[53,155515,11296],{"class":75},[53,155517,72],{"class":71},[53,155519,628],{"class":67},[53,155521,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155523,137],{"class":136},[53,155525,121],{"class":67},[53,155527,10711],{"class":136},[53,155529,121],{"class":67},[53,155531,59057],{"class":117},[53,155533,628],{"class":67},[20,155535,155536],{},[30,155537,388],{},[44,155539,155540],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155541,155542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155543,155544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155545,847],{"class":333},[20,155547,155548,155550],{},[15,155549,41903],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[39,155552,155554],{"id":155553},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1418,155556,155558,155560],{"id":155557},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155559,41903],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[44,155562,155564],{"className":46,"code":155563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155565,155566,155590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155567,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155569,3631],{"class":59},[53,155571,64],{"class":63},[53,155573,8787],{"class":67},[53,155575,72],{"class":71},[53,155577,63128],{"class":75},[53,155579,72],{"class":71},[53,155581,81],{"class":67},[53,155583,84],{"class":71},[53,155585,48],{"class":75},[53,155587,72],{"class":71},[53,155589,130],{"class":67},[53,155591,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155593,137],{"class":136},[53,155595,121],{"class":67},[53,155597,10711],{"class":136},[53,155599,121],{"class":67},[53,155601,3672],{"class":117},[53,155603,628],{"class":67},[20,155605,155606],{},[30,155607,388],{},[44,155609,155610],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155611,155612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155613,155614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155615,490],{"class":333},[20,155617,155618,155619,155621],{},"This result is ",[15,155620,525],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155623,155624],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[44,155626,155628],{"className":46,"code":155627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155629,155630,155654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155631,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155633,3631],{"class":59},[53,155635,64],{"class":63},[53,155637,8787],{"class":67},[53,155639,72],{"class":71},[53,155641,63128],{"class":75},[53,155643,72],{"class":71},[53,155645,81],{"class":67},[53,155647,84],{"class":71},[53,155649,48],{"class":75},[53,155651,72],{"class":71},[53,155653,130],{"class":67},[53,155655,155656,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155657,137],{"class":136},[53,155659,121],{"class":67},[53,155661,10711],{"class":136},[53,155663,121],{"class":67},[53,155665,3672],{"class":117},[53,155667,1226],{"class":67},[53,155669,187],{"class":333},[53,155671,2559],{"class":67},[20,155673,155674],{},[30,155675,388],{},[44,155677,155678],{"className":46,"code":490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155679,155680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155681,155682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155683,490],{"class":333},[20,155685,20318,155686,155689,155690,37],{},[15,155687,155688],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155691,155692],{},"\"hi\"",[1418,155694,155696,155698],{"id":155695},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155697,41903],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[44,155700,155702],{"className":46,"code":155701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155703,155704,155740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155707,3383],{"class":59},[53,155709,64],{"class":63},[53,155711,9545],{"class":67},[53,155713,517],{"class":333},[53,155715,81],{"class":67},[53,155717,790],{"class":333},[53,155719,8784],{"class":67},[53,155721,8787],{"class":67},[53,155723,882],{"class":333},[53,155725,81],{"class":67},[53,155727,826],{"class":333},[53,155729,8784],{"class":67},[53,155731,8787],{"class":67},[53,155733,1698],{"class":333},[53,155735,81],{"class":67},[53,155737,37187],{"class":333},[53,155739,628],{"class":67},[53,155741,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155743,137],{"class":136},[53,155745,121],{"class":67},[53,155747,10711],{"class":136},[53,155749,121],{"class":67},[53,155751,4911],{"class":117},[53,155753,628],{"class":67},[20,155755,155756],{},[30,155757,388],{},[44,155759,155760],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155761,155762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155763,155764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155765,847],{"class":333},[20,155767,155768],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1418,155770,155772],{"id":155771},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155774,25236],{},[44,155776,155778],{"className":46,"code":155777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155779,155780,155792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155781,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155783,2006],{"class":59},[53,155785,64],{"class":63},[53,155787,8787],{"class":67},[53,155789,334],{"class":333},[53,155791,130],{"class":67},[53,155793,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155795,137],{"class":136},[53,155797,121],{"class":67},[53,155799,1321],{"class":1320},[53,155801,121],{"class":67},[53,155803,224],{"class":117},[53,155805,628],{"class":67},[20,155807,155808],{},[30,155809,388],{},[44,155811,155813],{"className":46,"code":155812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155814,155815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155816,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155818,2851],{"class":63},[53,155820,2854],{"class":1627},[53,155822,2857],{"class":71},[53,155824,1750],{"class":75},[53,155826,2862],{"class":71},[53,155828,2865],{"class":63},[20,155830,155831],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[44,155833,155835],{"className":46,"code":155834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155836,155837,155849,155863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155838,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155840,2006],{"class":59},[53,155842,64],{"class":63},[53,155844,8787],{"class":67},[53,155846,334],{"class":333},[53,155848,148728],{"class":67},[53,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155852,137],{"class":136},[53,155854,121],{"class":67},[53,155856,1321],{"class":1320},[53,155858,121],{"class":67},[53,155860,224],{"class":117},[53,155862,628],{"class":67},[53,155864,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,155866,137],{"class":136},[53,155868,121],{"class":67},[53,155870,10711],{"class":136},[53,155872,121],{"class":67},[53,155874,224],{"class":117},[53,155876,628],{"class":67},[20,155878,155879],{},[30,155880,388],{},[44,155882,155884],{"className":46,"code":155883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155885,155886,155900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155887,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155889,2851],{"class":63},[53,155891,2854],{"class":1627},[53,155893,2857],{"class":71},[53,155895,48495],{"class":75},[53,155897,2862],{"class":71},[53,155899,2865],{"class":63},[53,155901,155902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155903,391],{"class":333},[1418,155905,155907,155909],{"id":155906},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155908,10711],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155911,43972,155912,155914],{},[15,155913,10711],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155916,44003],{},[44,155918,155920],{"className":46,"code":155919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155921,155922,155930,155950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155923,155924,155926,155928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155925,10711],{"class":136},[53,155927,12826],{"class":63},[53,155929,2145],{"class":333},[53,155931,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944,155946,155948],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155933,326],{"class":59},[53,155935,64],{"class":63},[53,155937,8787],{"class":67},[53,155939,517],{"class":333},[53,155941,81],{"class":67},[53,155943,790],{"class":333},[53,155945,81],{"class":67},[53,155947,1269],{"class":333},[53,155949,130],{"class":67},[53,155951,155952,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,155953,137],{"class":136},[53,155955,121],{"class":67},[53,155957,10711],{"class":136},[53,155959,121],{"class":67},[53,155961,3209],{"class":117},[53,155963,628],{"class":67},[20,155965,974,155966,155968],{},[15,155967,10711],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155970,155971],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[44,155973,155975],{"className":46,"code":155974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155976,155977,155986,156006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155978,155979,155982,155984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155980,155981],{"class":59},"length_value ",[53,155983,64],{"class":63},[53,155985,2145],{"class":333},[53,155987,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155989,326],{"class":59},[53,155991,64],{"class":63},[53,155993,8787],{"class":67},[53,155995,517],{"class":333},[53,155997,81],{"class":67},[53,155999,790],{"class":333},[53,156001,81],{"class":67},[53,156003,1269],{"class":333},[53,156005,130],{"class":67},[53,156007,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156009,137],{"class":136},[53,156011,121],{"class":67},[53,156013,10711],{"class":136},[53,156015,121],{"class":67},[53,156017,3209],{"class":117},[53,156019,628],{"class":67},[20,156021,156022],{},[30,156023,388],{},[44,156025,156026],{"className":46,"code":847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156027,156028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156029,156030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156031,847],{"class":333},[39,156033,156035],{"id":156034},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156037,156038,156040],{},[15,156039,41903],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1418,156042,156044],{"id":156043},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[44,156046,156048],{"className":46,"code":156047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156049,156050,156058,156062,156080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156051,156052,156054,156056],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156053,60],{"class":59},[53,156055,64],{"class":63},[53,156057,148714],{"class":67},[53,156059,156060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156061,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156065,1042],{"class":1041},[53,156067,37928],{"class":136},[53,156069,121],{"class":67},[53,156071,956],{"class":117},[53,156073,145],{"class":67},[53,156075,5960],{"class":63},[53,156077,3394],{"class":333},[53,156079,1053],{"class":67},[53,156081,156082,156084,156086,156088,156091,156093],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156083,1058],{"class":136},[53,156085,121],{"class":67},[53,156087,72],{"class":71},[53,156089,156090],{"class":75},"The tuple is empty",[53,156092,72],{"class":71},[53,156094,130],{"class":67},[20,156096,156097],{},[30,156098,388],{},[44,156100,156102],{"className":46,"code":156101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156103,156104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156107,1541],{"class":59},[53,156109,48495],{"class":1320},[53,156111,7646],{"class":63},[53,156113,7652],{"class":59},[1418,156115,156117],{"id":156116},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[44,156119,156121],{"className":46,"code":156120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156122,156123,156139,156143,156161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156126,50928],{"class":59},[53,156128,64],{"class":63},[53,156130,8787],{"class":67},[53,156132,2062],{"class":333},[53,156134,81],{"class":67},[53,156136,5545],{"class":333},[53,156138,130],{"class":67},[53,156140,156141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156142,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156144,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156146,1042],{"class":1041},[53,156148,37928],{"class":136},[53,156150,121],{"class":67},[53,156152,50953],{"class":117},[53,156154,145],{"class":67},[53,156156,5960],{"class":63},[53,156158,790],{"class":333},[53,156160,1053],{"class":67},[53,156162,156163,156165,156167,156169,156172,156174],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156164,1058],{"class":136},[53,156166,121],{"class":67},[53,156168,72],{"class":71},[53,156170,156171],{"class":75},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[53,156173,72],{"class":71},[53,156175,130],{"class":67},[20,156177,156178],{},[30,156179,388],{},[44,156181,156183],{"className":46,"code":156182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156184,156185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156186,156187,156190,156192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156188,156189],{"class":59},"This looks like an x",[53,156191,81],{"class":67},[53,156193,156194],{"class":59}," y coordinate\n",[1418,156196,156198],{"id":156197},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[44,156200,156202],{"className":46,"code":156201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156203,156204,156233,156237,156255],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156205,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156229,156231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156207,11038],{"class":59},[53,156209,64],{"class":63},[53,156211,8787],{"class":67},[53,156213,72],{"class":71},[53,156215,12432],{"class":75},[53,156217,72],{"class":71},[53,156219,81],{"class":67},[53,156221,8857],{"class":333},[53,156223,81],{"class":67},[53,156225,84],{"class":71},[53,156227,156228],{"class":75},"Canada",[53,156230,72],{"class":71},[53,156232,130],{"class":67},[53,156234,156235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156236,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156238,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156240,1042],{"class":1041},[53,156242,37928],{"class":136},[53,156244,121],{"class":67},[53,156246,11132],{"class":117},[53,156248,145],{"class":67},[53,156250,5960],{"class":63},[53,156252,1269],{"class":333},[53,156254,1053],{"class":67},[53,156256,156257,156259,156261,156263,156266,156268],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156258,1058],{"class":136},[53,156260,121],{"class":67},[53,156262,72],{"class":71},[53,156264,156265],{"class":75},"User record has the expected number of values",[53,156267,72],{"class":71},[53,156269,130],{"class":67},[20,156271,156272],{},[30,156273,388],{},[44,156275,156277],{"className":46,"code":156276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156278,156279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156280,156281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156282,156276],{"class":59},[1418,156284,156286],{"id":156285},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[44,156288,156290],{"className":46,"code":156289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156291,156292,156324,156328,156348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156293,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156295,687],{"class":59},[53,156297,64],{"class":63},[53,156299,8787],{"class":67},[53,156301,72],{"class":71},[53,156303,195],{"class":75},[53,156305,72],{"class":71},[53,156307,81],{"class":67},[53,156309,84],{"class":71},[53,156311,704],{"class":75},[53,156313,72],{"class":71},[53,156315,81],{"class":67},[53,156317,84],{"class":71},[53,156319,713],{"class":75},[53,156321,72],{"class":71},[53,156323,130],{"class":67},[53,156325,156326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156327,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156329,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156331,5510],{"class":1041},[53,156333,68931],{"class":59},[53,156335,1048],{"class":1041},[53,156337,53609],{"class":136},[53,156339,121],{"class":67},[53,156341,10711],{"class":136},[53,156343,121],{"class":67},[53,156345,747],{"class":117},[53,156347,68946],{"class":67},[53,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156351,1058],{"class":136},[53,156353,121],{"class":67},[53,156355,35697],{"class":117},[53,156357,81],{"class":67},[53,156359,69479],{"class":117},[53,156361,1226],{"class":67},[53,156363,35697],{"class":117},[53,156365,3449],{"class":67},[20,156367,156368],{},[30,156369,388],{},[44,156371,156372],{"className":46,"code":35709,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156373,156374,156380,156386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156375,156376,156378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156377,187],{"class":333},[53,156379,35718],{"class":59},[53,156381,156382,156384],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156383,517],{"class":333},[53,156385,35725],{"class":59},[53,156387,156388,156390],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156389,525],{"class":333},[53,156391,35732],{"class":59},[20,156393,156394,156395,156397,156398,37],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[195,156396,149045],{"href":149044},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[195,156399,150289],{"href":150288},[39,156401,2389],{"id":2388},[20,156403,156404],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[173,156406,156407,156415,156422,156427],{},[176,156408,156409,156410,1175,156413],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156411,156412],{},"(5)",[15,156414,148879],{},[176,156416,664,156417,156419,156420],{},[15,156418,10711],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156421,41903],{},[176,156423,8001,156424,156426],{},[15,156425,41903],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[176,156428,156429],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156431,31627],{},[44,156433,156435],{"className":46,"code":156434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156436,156437,156447,156461,156475],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156438,156439,156441,156443,156445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156440,137],{"class":136},[53,156442,121],{"class":67},[53,156444,147390],{"class":117},[53,156446,130],{"class":67},[53,156448,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156450,137],{"class":136},[53,156452,121],{"class":67},[53,156454,1321],{"class":1320},[53,156456,121],{"class":67},[53,156458,147390],{"class":117},[53,156460,628],{"class":67},[53,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156464,137],{"class":136},[53,156466,121],{"class":67},[53,156468,10711],{"class":136},[53,156470,121],{"class":67},[53,156472,147390],{"class":117},[53,156474,628],{"class":67},[53,156476,156477,156479,156481,156483],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156478,31697],{"class":136},[53,156480,121],{"class":67},[53,156482,10711],{"class":136},[53,156484,130],{"class":67},[20,156486,154599],{},[173,156488,156489,156492,156495,156499],{},[176,156490,156491],{},"what value you are using",[176,156493,156494],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[176,156496,25564,156497,11256],{},[15,156498,41903],{},[176,156500,122763,156501,156503],{},[15,156502,41903],{}," is documented in Python",[39,156505,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,156507,156509],{"id":156508},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156511,152,156512,156515],{},[15,156513,156514],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1418,156517,1431,156519,148549],{"id":156518},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156520,41903],{},[20,156522,45909,156523,156525],{},[15,156524,41903],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1418,156527,156529],{"id":156528},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156531,156532,156533,37],{},"The length is ",[15,156534,187],{},[1418,156536,156538],{"id":156537},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156540,150235,156541,156543],{},[15,156542,150238],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1418,156545,1431,156547,156549],{"id":156546},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156548,41903],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156551,156552],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[39,156554,1471],{"id":1470},[173,156556,156557,156563,156567,156571,156575],{},[176,156558,156559],{},[195,156560,3138,156561,3071],{"href":41900},[15,156562,41903],{},[176,156564,156565],{},[195,156566,155464],{"href":147375},[176,156568,156569],{},[195,156570,149045],{"href":149044},[176,156572,156573],{},[195,156574,150289],{"href":150288},[176,156576,156577],{},[195,156578,156579],{"href":148675},"What is a tuple in Python",[1494,156581,156582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":156584},[156585,156586,156587,156594,156600,156609,156615,156616,156625],{"id":14713,"depth":104,"text":14714},{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":154952,"depth":104,"text":156588,"children":156589},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156590,156591,156592,156593],{"id":154964,"depth":133,"text":154965},{"id":155031,"depth":133,"text":155032},{"id":155076,"depth":133,"text":155077},{"id":155125,"depth":133,"text":155126},{"id":155214,"depth":104,"text":155215,"children":156595},[156596,156597,156598,156599],{"id":155218,"depth":133,"text":155219},{"id":155293,"depth":133,"text":155032},{"id":155335,"depth":133,"text":155336},{"id":155469,"depth":133,"text":155470},{"id":155553,"depth":104,"text":155554,"children":156601},[156602,156604,156606,156607],{"id":155557,"depth":133,"text":156603},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155695,"depth":133,"text":156605},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155771,"depth":133,"text":155772},{"id":155906,"depth":133,"text":156608},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156034,"depth":104,"text":156035,"children":156610},[156611,156612,156613,156614],{"id":156043,"depth":133,"text":156044},{"id":156116,"depth":133,"text":156117},{"id":156197,"depth":133,"text":156198},{"id":156285,"depth":133,"text":156286},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":156617},[156618,156619,156621,156622,156623],{"id":156508,"depth":133,"text":156509},{"id":156518,"depth":133,"text":156620},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156528,"depth":133,"text":156529},{"id":156537,"depth":133,"text":156538},{"id":156546,"depth":133,"text":156624},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154736,"description":156626},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156633,"title":156634,"body":156635,"description":159020,"extension":1524,"meta":159021,"navigation":372,"path":159022,"seo":159023,"stem":159024,"__hash__":159025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156636,"toc":158981},[156637,156640,156643,156646,156669,156675,156677,156788,156792,156795,156805,156807,156906,156908,156985,156991,156995,156998,157021,157024,157041,157044,157046,157109,157111,157128,157139,157144,157146,157149,157155,157206,157208,157228,157232,157283,157285,157306,157310,157365,157367,157388,157392,157447,157449,157470,157474,157527,157529,157558,157560,157562,157565,157569,157626,157628,157649,157653,157706,157708,157733,157738,157742,157747,157765,157768,157831,157833,157854,157857,157918,157920,157941,157944,157987,157990,157994,157999,158003,158082,158084,158115,158119,158194,158196,158223,158227,158274,158276,158284,158289,158293,158296,158311,158313,158401,158403,158428,158431,158474,158483,158485,158488,158503,158506,158510,158564,158566,158586,158591,158595,158597,158635,158638,158688,158692,158765,158767,158804,158807,158809,158812,158832,158835,158904,158906,158919,158921,158925,158928,158932,158935,158940,158943,158949,158954,158956,158978],[10,156638,156634],{"id":156639},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156641,156642],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156644,156645],{},"Use this format:",[44,156647,156649],{"className":46,"code":156648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156650,156651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156652,156653,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156654,48495],{"class":59},[53,156656,1226],{"class":67},[53,156658,273],{"class":59},[53,156660,171],{"class":67},[53,156662,74809],{"class":59},[53,156664,171],{"class":67},[53,156666,74812],{"class":59},[53,156668,101],{"class":67},[20,156670,1541,156671,74845,156673,37],{},[15,156672,74809],{},[30,156674,288],{},[39,156676,1566],{"id":1565},[44,156678,156680],{"className":46,"code":156679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156681,156682,156710,156714,156735,156752,156769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156683,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156685,326],{"class":59},[53,156687,64],{"class":63},[53,156689,8787],{"class":67},[53,156691,334],{"class":333},[53,156693,81],{"class":67},[53,156695,339],{"class":333},[53,156697,81],{"class":67},[53,156699,344],{"class":333},[53,156701,81],{"class":67},[53,156703,50386],{"class":333},[53,156705,81],{"class":67},[53,156707,4635],{"class":333},[53,156709,130],{"class":67},[53,156711,156712],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156713,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156715,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156717,137],{"class":136},[53,156719,121],{"class":67},[53,156721,3209],{"class":117},[53,156723,1226],{"class":67},[53,156725,517],{"class":333},[53,156727,171],{"class":67},[53,156729,2062],{"class":333},[53,156731,19993],{"class":67},[53,156733,156734],{"class":148},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[53,156736,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156738,137],{"class":136},[53,156740,121],{"class":67},[53,156742,3209],{"class":117},[53,156744,74918],{"class":67},[53,156746,882],{"class":333},[53,156748,19993],{"class":67},[53,156750,156751],{"class":148},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[53,156753,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,156755,137],{"class":136},[53,156757,121],{"class":67},[53,156759,3209],{"class":117},[53,156761,73505],{"class":67},[53,156763,525],{"class":333},[53,156765,19993],{"class":67},[53,156767,156768],{"class":148},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[53,156770,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783,156785],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,156772,137],{"class":136},[53,156774,121],{"class":67},[53,156776,3209],{"class":117},[53,156778,73505],{"class":67},[53,156780,1585],{"class":63},[53,156782,517],{"class":333},[53,156784,19993],{"class":67},[53,156786,156787],{"class":148},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[39,156789,156791],{"id":156790},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156793,156794],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[173,156796,156797,156799,156802],{},[176,156798,75112],{},[176,156800,156801],{},"The result is a new tuple",[176,156803,156804],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156806,316],{},[44,156808,156810],{"className":46,"code":156809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156811,156812,156860,156864,156882,156886,156896],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156813,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156815,687],{"class":59},[53,156817,64],{"class":63},[53,156819,8787],{"class":67},[53,156821,72],{"class":71},[53,156823,195],{"class":75},[53,156825,72],{"class":71},[53,156827,81],{"class":67},[53,156829,84],{"class":71},[53,156831,704],{"class":75},[53,156833,72],{"class":71},[53,156835,81],{"class":67},[53,156837,84],{"class":71},[53,156839,713],{"class":75},[53,156841,72],{"class":71},[53,156843,81],{"class":67},[53,156845,84],{"class":71},[53,156847,730],{"class":75},[53,156849,72],{"class":71},[53,156851,81],{"class":67},[53,156853,84],{"class":71},[53,156855,59979],{"class":75},[53,156857,72],{"class":71},[53,156859,130],{"class":67},[53,156861,156862],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156863,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156865,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,156867,75042],{"class":59},[53,156869,64],{"class":63},[53,156871,69479],{"class":59},[53,156873,1226],{"class":67},[53,156875,517],{"class":333},[53,156877,171],{"class":67},[53,156879,2062],{"class":333},[53,156881,101],{"class":67},[53,156883,156884],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,156885,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,156887,156888,156890,156892,156894],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,156889,137],{"class":136},[53,156891,121],{"class":67},[53,156893,75065],{"class":117},[53,156895,130],{"class":67},[53,156897,156898,156900,156902,156904],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,156899,137],{"class":136},[53,156901,121],{"class":67},[53,156903,747],{"class":117},[53,156905,130],{"class":67},[20,156907,388],{},[44,156909,156911],{"className":46,"code":156910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156912,156913,156941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156914,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156916,121],{"class":67},[53,156918,2862],{"class":71},[53,156920,704],{"class":75},[53,156922,2862],{"class":71},[53,156924,81],{"class":67},[53,156926,2857],{"class":71},[53,156928,713],{"class":75},[53,156930,2862],{"class":71},[53,156932,81],{"class":67},[53,156934,2857],{"class":71},[53,156936,730],{"class":75},[53,156938,2862],{"class":71},[53,156940,130],{"class":67},[53,156942,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156944,121],{"class":67},[53,156946,2862],{"class":71},[53,156948,195],{"class":75},[53,156950,2862],{"class":71},[53,156952,81],{"class":67},[53,156954,2857],{"class":71},[53,156956,704],{"class":75},[53,156958,2862],{"class":71},[53,156960,81],{"class":67},[53,156962,2857],{"class":71},[53,156964,713],{"class":75},[53,156966,2862],{"class":71},[53,156968,81],{"class":67},[53,156970,2857],{"class":71},[53,156972,730],{"class":75},[53,156974,2862],{"class":71},[53,156976,81],{"class":67},[53,156978,2857],{"class":71},[53,156980,59979],{"class":75},[53,156982,2862],{"class":71},[53,156984,130],{"class":67},[20,156986,156987,156988,37],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[195,156989,147372],{"href":156990},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[39,156992,156994],{"id":156993},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156996,156997],{},"The full syntax is:",[44,156999,157001],{"className":46,"code":157000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157002,157003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157004,157005,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157006,147390],{"class":59},[53,157008,1226],{"class":67},[53,157010,273],{"class":59},[53,157012,171],{"class":67},[53,157014,74809],{"class":59},[53,157016,171],{"class":67},[53,157018,74812],{"class":59},[53,157020,101],{"class":67},[20,157022,157023],{},"Each part has a job:",[173,157025,157026,157031,157036],{},[176,157027,157028,157030],{},[15,157029,273],{},": where slicing begins",[176,157032,157033,157035],{},[15,157034,74809],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[176,157037,157038,157040],{},[15,157039,74812],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157042,157043],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157045,316],{},[44,157047,157049],{"className":46,"code":157048,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157050,157051,157083,157087],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157052,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157054,326],{"class":59},[53,157056,64],{"class":63},[53,157058,8787],{"class":67},[53,157060,334],{"class":333},[53,157062,81],{"class":67},[53,157064,339],{"class":333},[53,157066,81],{"class":67},[53,157068,344],{"class":333},[53,157070,81],{"class":67},[53,157072,50386],{"class":333},[53,157074,81],{"class":67},[53,157076,4635],{"class":333},[53,157078,81],{"class":67},[53,157080,75483],{"class":333},[53,157082,130],{"class":67},[53,157084,157085],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157086,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157088,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105,157107],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157090,137],{"class":136},[53,157092,121],{"class":67},[53,157094,3209],{"class":117},[53,157096,1226],{"class":67},[53,157098,517],{"class":333},[53,157100,171],{"class":67},[53,157102,1698],{"class":333},[53,157104,171],{"class":67},[53,157106,525],{"class":333},[53,157108,3449],{"class":67},[20,157110,388],{},[44,157112,157114],{"className":46,"code":157113,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157115,157116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157117,157118,157120,157122,157124,157126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157119,121],{"class":67},[53,157121,365],{"class":333},[53,157123,81],{"class":67},[53,157125,50386],{"class":333},[53,157127,130],{"class":67},[20,157129,157130,157131,157133,157134,157136,157137,37],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157132,517],{},", stops before index ",[15,157135,1698],{},", and moves by ",[15,157138,525],{},[20,157140,157141,157142,37],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[195,157143,149045],{"href":152471},[39,157145,75399],{"id":75398},[20,157147,157148],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1418,157150,157152,157153,112],{"id":157151},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157154,75413],{},[44,157156,157158],{"className":46,"code":157157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157159,157160,157188,157192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157161,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157163,326],{"class":59},[53,157165,64],{"class":63},[53,157167,8787],{"class":67},[53,157169,334],{"class":333},[53,157171,81],{"class":67},[53,157173,339],{"class":333},[53,157175,81],{"class":67},[53,157177,344],{"class":333},[53,157179,81],{"class":67},[53,157181,50386],{"class":333},[53,157183,81],{"class":67},[53,157185,4635],{"class":333},[53,157187,130],{"class":67},[53,157189,157190],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157191,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157193,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157195,137],{"class":136},[53,157197,121],{"class":67},[53,157199,3209],{"class":117},[53,157201,74918],{"class":67},[53,157203,882],{"class":333},[53,157205,3449],{"class":67},[20,157207,388],{},[44,157209,157210],{"className":46,"code":150737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,157211,157212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157213,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157215,121],{"class":67},[53,157217,334],{"class":333},[53,157219,81],{"class":67},[53,157221,339],{"class":333},[53,157223,81],{"class":67},[53,157225,344],{"class":333},[53,157227,130],{"class":67},[1418,157229,157231],{"id":157230},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[44,157233,157235],{"className":46,"code":157234,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157236,157237,157265,157269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157238,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157240,326],{"class":59},[53,157242,64],{"class":63},[53,157244,8787],{"class":67},[53,157246,334],{"class":333},[53,157248,81],{"class":67},[53,157250,339],{"class":333},[53,157252,81],{"class":67},[53,157254,344],{"class":333},[53,157256,81],{"class":67},[53,157258,50386],{"class":333},[53,157260,81],{"class":67},[53,157262,4635],{"class":333},[53,157264,130],{"class":67},[53,157266,157267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157268,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157270,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157272,137],{"class":136},[53,157274,121],{"class":67},[53,157276,3209],{"class":117},[53,157278,1226],{"class":67},[53,157280,525],{"class":333},[53,157282,77099],{"class":67},[20,157284,388],{},[44,157286,157288],{"className":46,"code":157287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157289,157290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157291,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157293,121],{"class":67},[53,157295,36384],{"class":333},[53,157297,81],{"class":67},[53,157299,50386],{"class":333},[53,157301,81],{"class":67},[53,157303,4635],{"class":333},[53,157305,130],{"class":67},[1418,157307,157309],{"id":157308},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[44,157311,157313],{"className":46,"code":157312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157314,157315,157343,157347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157316,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157318,326],{"class":59},[53,157320,64],{"class":63},[53,157322,8787],{"class":67},[53,157324,334],{"class":333},[53,157326,81],{"class":67},[53,157328,339],{"class":333},[53,157330,81],{"class":67},[53,157332,344],{"class":333},[53,157334,81],{"class":67},[53,157336,50386],{"class":333},[53,157338,81],{"class":67},[53,157340,4635],{"class":333},[53,157342,130],{"class":67},[53,157344,157345],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157346,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157348,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157350,137],{"class":136},[53,157352,121],{"class":67},[53,157354,3209],{"class":117},[53,157356,1226],{"class":67},[53,157358,517],{"class":333},[53,157360,171],{"class":67},[53,157362,2062],{"class":333},[53,157364,3449],{"class":67},[20,157366,388],{},[44,157368,157370],{"className":46,"code":157369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157371,157372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157373,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157375,121],{"class":67},[53,157377,365],{"class":333},[53,157379,81],{"class":67},[53,157381,344],{"class":333},[53,157383,81],{"class":67},[53,157385,50386],{"class":333},[53,157387,130],{"class":67},[1418,157389,157391],{"id":157390},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[44,157393,157395],{"className":46,"code":157394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157396,157397,157429,157433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157398,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157400,326],{"class":59},[53,157402,64],{"class":63},[53,157404,8787],{"class":67},[53,157406,334],{"class":333},[53,157408,81],{"class":67},[53,157410,339],{"class":333},[53,157412,81],{"class":67},[53,157414,344],{"class":333},[53,157416,81],{"class":67},[53,157418,50386],{"class":333},[53,157420,81],{"class":67},[53,157422,4635],{"class":333},[53,157424,81],{"class":67},[53,157426,75483],{"class":333},[53,157428,130],{"class":67},[53,157430,157431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157432,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157434,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157436,137],{"class":136},[53,157438,121],{"class":67},[53,157440,3209],{"class":117},[53,157442,73505],{"class":67},[53,157444,525],{"class":333},[53,157446,3449],{"class":67},[20,157448,388],{},[44,157450,157452],{"className":46,"code":157451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157453,157454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157455,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157457,121],{"class":67},[53,157459,334],{"class":333},[53,157461,81],{"class":67},[53,157463,344],{"class":333},[53,157465,81],{"class":67},[53,157467,4635],{"class":333},[53,157469,130],{"class":67},[1418,157471,157473],{"id":157472},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[44,157475,157477],{"className":46,"code":157476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157478,157479,157507,157511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157480,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157482,326],{"class":59},[53,157484,64],{"class":63},[53,157486,8787],{"class":67},[53,157488,334],{"class":333},[53,157490,81],{"class":67},[53,157492,339],{"class":333},[53,157494,81],{"class":67},[53,157496,344],{"class":333},[53,157498,81],{"class":67},[53,157500,50386],{"class":333},[53,157502,81],{"class":67},[53,157504,4635],{"class":333},[53,157506,130],{"class":67},[53,157508,157509],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157510,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157514,137],{"class":136},[53,157516,121],{"class":67},[53,157518,3209],{"class":117},[53,157520,73505],{"class":67},[53,157522,1585],{"class":63},[53,157524,517],{"class":333},[53,157526,3449],{"class":67},[20,157528,388],{},[44,157530,157532],{"className":46,"code":157531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157533,157534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157535,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157537,121],{"class":67},[53,157539,76177],{"class":333},[53,157541,81],{"class":67},[53,157543,50386],{"class":333},[53,157545,81],{"class":67},[53,157547,344],{"class":333},[53,157549,81],{"class":67},[53,157551,339],{"class":333},[53,157553,81],{"class":67},[53,157555,5556],{"class":333},[53,157557,130],{"class":67},[39,157559,75693],{"id":75692},[20,157561,153744],{},[20,157563,157564],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1418,157566,157568],{"id":157567},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[44,157570,157572],{"className":46,"code":157571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157573,157574,157606,157610],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157575,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157577,326],{"class":59},[53,157579,64],{"class":63},[53,157581,8787],{"class":67},[53,157583,334],{"class":333},[53,157585,81],{"class":67},[53,157587,339],{"class":333},[53,157589,81],{"class":67},[53,157591,344],{"class":333},[53,157593,81],{"class":67},[53,157595,50386],{"class":333},[53,157597,81],{"class":67},[53,157599,4635],{"class":333},[53,157601,81],{"class":67},[53,157603,75483],{"class":333},[53,157605,130],{"class":67},[53,157607,157608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157609,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157611,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157613,137],{"class":136},[53,157615,121],{"class":67},[53,157617,3209],{"class":117},[53,157619,1226],{"class":67},[53,157621,1585],{"class":63},[53,157623,882],{"class":333},[53,157625,77099],{"class":67},[20,157627,388],{},[44,157629,157631],{"className":46,"code":157630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157632,157633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157634,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157636,121],{"class":67},[53,157638,56228],{"class":333},[53,157640,81],{"class":67},[53,157642,4635],{"class":333},[53,157644,81],{"class":67},[53,157646,75483],{"class":333},[53,157648,130],{"class":67},[1418,157650,157652],{"id":157651},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[44,157654,157656],{"className":46,"code":157655,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157657,157658,157686,157690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157659,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157661,326],{"class":59},[53,157663,64],{"class":63},[53,157665,8787],{"class":67},[53,157667,334],{"class":333},[53,157669,81],{"class":67},[53,157671,339],{"class":333},[53,157673,81],{"class":67},[53,157675,344],{"class":333},[53,157677,81],{"class":67},[53,157679,50386],{"class":333},[53,157681,81],{"class":67},[53,157683,4635],{"class":333},[53,157685,130],{"class":67},[53,157687,157688],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157689,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157691,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157693,137],{"class":136},[53,157695,121],{"class":67},[53,157697,3209],{"class":117},[53,157699,74918],{"class":67},[53,157701,1585],{"class":63},[53,157703,517],{"class":333},[53,157705,3449],{"class":67},[20,157707,388],{},[44,157709,157711],{"className":46,"code":157710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157712,157713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157714,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157716,121],{"class":67},[53,157718,334],{"class":333},[53,157720,81],{"class":67},[53,157722,339],{"class":333},[53,157724,81],{"class":67},[53,157726,344],{"class":333},[53,157728,81],{"class":67},[53,157730,50386],{"class":333},[53,157732,130],{"class":67},[20,157734,157735,157736,37],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[195,157737,150294],{"href":156628},[39,157739,157741],{"id":157740},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157743,1541,157744,157746],{},[15,157745,74812],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[173,157748,157749,157751,157753,157759],{},[176,157750,75949],{},[176,157752,75952],{},[176,157754,157755,157758],{},[15,157756,157757],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[176,157760,157761,157762,157764],{},"A step of ",[15,157763,187],{}," is not allowed",[20,157766,157767],{},"Example with a positive step:",[44,157769,157771],{"className":46,"code":157770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157772,157773,157805,157809],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157774,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157776,326],{"class":59},[53,157778,64],{"class":63},[53,157780,8787],{"class":67},[53,157782,334],{"class":333},[53,157784,81],{"class":67},[53,157786,339],{"class":333},[53,157788,81],{"class":67},[53,157790,344],{"class":333},[53,157792,81],{"class":67},[53,157794,50386],{"class":333},[53,157796,81],{"class":67},[53,157798,4635],{"class":333},[53,157800,81],{"class":67},[53,157802,75483],{"class":333},[53,157804,130],{"class":67},[53,157806,157807],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157808,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157810,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157812,137],{"class":136},[53,157814,121],{"class":67},[53,157816,3209],{"class":117},[53,157818,1226],{"class":67},[53,157820,517],{"class":333},[53,157822,171],{"class":67},[53,157824,79977],{"class":333},[53,157826,171],{"class":67},[53,157828,525],{"class":333},[53,157830,3449],{"class":67},[20,157832,388],{},[44,157834,157836],{"className":46,"code":157835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157837,157838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157839,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157841,121],{"class":67},[53,157843,365],{"class":333},[53,157845,81],{"class":67},[53,157847,50386],{"class":333},[53,157849,81],{"class":67},[53,157851,75483],{"class":333},[53,157853,130],{"class":67},[20,157855,157856],{},"Example with a negative step:",[44,157858,157860],{"className":46,"code":157859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157861,157862,157890,157894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157865,326],{"class":59},[53,157867,64],{"class":63},[53,157869,8787],{"class":67},[53,157871,334],{"class":333},[53,157873,81],{"class":67},[53,157875,339],{"class":333},[53,157877,81],{"class":67},[53,157879,344],{"class":333},[53,157881,81],{"class":67},[53,157883,50386],{"class":333},[53,157885,81],{"class":67},[53,157887,4635],{"class":333},[53,157889,130],{"class":67},[53,157891,157892],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157893,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157895,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157897,137],{"class":136},[53,157899,121],{"class":67},[53,157901,3209],{"class":117},[53,157903,1226],{"class":67},[53,157905,2062],{"class":333},[53,157907,171],{"class":67},[53,157909,517],{"class":333},[53,157911,171],{"class":67},[53,157913,1585],{"class":63},[53,157915,517],{"class":333},[53,157917,3449],{"class":67},[20,157919,388],{},[44,157921,157923],{"className":46,"code":157922,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157924,157925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157926,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157928,121],{"class":67},[53,157930,76177],{"class":333},[53,157932,81],{"class":67},[53,157934,50386],{"class":333},[53,157936,81],{"class":67},[53,157938,344],{"class":333},[53,157940,130],{"class":67},[20,157942,157943],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[44,157945,157947],{"className":46,"code":157946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157948,157949,157969,157973],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157950,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157952,326],{"class":59},[53,157954,64],{"class":63},[53,157956,8787],{"class":67},[53,157958,334],{"class":333},[53,157960,81],{"class":67},[53,157962,339],{"class":333},[53,157964,81],{"class":67},[53,157966,344],{"class":333},[53,157968,130],{"class":67},[53,157970,157971],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157972,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,157974,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,157976,137],{"class":136},[53,157978,121],{"class":67},[53,157980,3209],{"class":117},[53,157982,73505],{"class":67},[53,157984,187],{"class":333},[53,157986,3449],{"class":67},[20,157988,157989],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[39,157991,157993],{"id":157992},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157995,157996,157997,33286],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,157998,48495],{},[1418,158000,158002],{"id":158001},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[44,158004,158006],{"className":46,"code":158005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158007,158008,158032,158036,158054,158058,158068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158011,326],{"class":59},[53,158013,64],{"class":63},[53,158015,8787],{"class":67},[53,158017,334],{"class":333},[53,158019,81],{"class":67},[53,158021,339],{"class":333},[53,158023,81],{"class":67},[53,158025,344],{"class":333},[53,158027,81],{"class":67},[53,158029,50386],{"class":333},[53,158031,130],{"class":67},[53,158033,158034],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158035,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158037,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158039,351],{"class":59},[53,158041,64],{"class":63},[53,158043,356],{"class":59},[53,158045,1226],{"class":67},[53,158047,517],{"class":333},[53,158049,171],{"class":67},[53,158051,882],{"class":333},[53,158053,101],{"class":67},[53,158055,158056],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,158057,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158059,158060,158062,158064,158066],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,158061,137],{"class":136},[53,158063,121],{"class":67},[53,158065,383],{"class":117},[53,158067,130],{"class":67},[53,158069,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,158071,137],{"class":136},[53,158073,121],{"class":67},[53,158075,1321],{"class":1320},[53,158077,121],{"class":67},[53,158079,383],{"class":117},[53,158081,628],{"class":67},[20,158083,388],{},[44,158085,158087],{"className":46,"code":158086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158088,158089,158101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158090,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158092,121],{"class":67},[53,158094,365],{"class":333},[53,158096,81],{"class":67},[53,158098,344],{"class":333},[53,158100,130],{"class":67},[53,158102,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158104,2851],{"class":63},[53,158106,2854],{"class":1627},[53,158108,2857],{"class":71},[53,158110,48495],{"class":75},[53,158112,2862],{"class":71},[53,158114,2865],{"class":63},[1418,158116,158118],{"id":158117},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[44,158120,158122],{"className":46,"code":158121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158123,158124,158144,158148,158166,158170,158180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158125,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158127,326],{"class":59},[53,158129,64],{"class":63},[53,158131,8787],{"class":67},[53,158133,334],{"class":333},[53,158135,81],{"class":67},[53,158137,339],{"class":333},[53,158139,81],{"class":67},[53,158141,344],{"class":333},[53,158143,130],{"class":67},[53,158145,158146],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158147,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158149,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158151,351],{"class":59},[53,158153,64],{"class":63},[53,158155,356],{"class":59},[53,158157,1226],{"class":67},[53,158159,517],{"class":333},[53,158161,171],{"class":67},[53,158163,525],{"class":333},[53,158165,101],{"class":67},[53,158167,158168],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,158169,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158171,158172,158174,158176,158178],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,158173,137],{"class":136},[53,158175,121],{"class":67},[53,158177,383],{"class":117},[53,158179,130],{"class":67},[53,158181,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,158183,137],{"class":136},[53,158185,121],{"class":67},[53,158187,1321],{"class":1320},[53,158189,121],{"class":67},[53,158191,383],{"class":117},[53,158193,628],{"class":67},[20,158195,388],{},[44,158197,158199],{"className":46,"code":158198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158200,158201,158209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158202,158203,158205,158207],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158204,121],{"class":67},[53,158206,365],{"class":333},[53,158208,148728],{"class":67},[53,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158212,2851],{"class":63},[53,158214,2854],{"class":1627},[53,158216,2857],{"class":71},[53,158218,48495],{"class":75},[53,158220,2862],{"class":71},[53,158222,2865],{"class":63},[1418,158224,158226],{"id":158225},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[44,158228,158230],{"className":46,"code":158229,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158231,158232,158252,158256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158233,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158235,326],{"class":59},[53,158237,64],{"class":63},[53,158239,8787],{"class":67},[53,158241,334],{"class":333},[53,158243,81],{"class":67},[53,158245,339],{"class":333},[53,158247,81],{"class":67},[53,158249,344],{"class":333},[53,158251,130],{"class":67},[53,158253,158254],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158255,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158257,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158259,137],{"class":136},[53,158261,121],{"class":67},[53,158263,3209],{"class":117},[53,158265,1226],{"class":67},[53,158267,1698],{"class":333},[53,158269,171],{"class":67},[53,158271,1905],{"class":333},[53,158273,3449],{"class":67},[20,158275,388],{},[44,158277,158278],{"className":46,"code":8192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158279,158280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158281,158282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158283,8192],{"class":67},[20,158285,158286,158287,37],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[195,158288,155464],{"href":150351},[39,158290,158292],{"id":158291},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158294,158295],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[173,158297,158298,158300,158303,158308],{},[176,158299,76258],{},[176,158301,158302],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[176,158304,158305,158306],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158307,70114],{},[176,158309,158310],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158312,316],{},[44,158314,158316],{"className":46,"code":158315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158317,158318,158338,158342,158359,158380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158319,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158321,326],{"class":59},[53,158323,64],{"class":63},[53,158325,8787],{"class":67},[53,158327,334],{"class":333},[53,158329,81],{"class":67},[53,158331,339],{"class":333},[53,158333,81],{"class":67},[53,158335,344],{"class":333},[53,158337,130],{"class":67},[53,158339,158340],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158341,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158343,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158345,137],{"class":136},[53,158347,121],{"class":67},[53,158349,3209],{"class":117},[53,158351,1226],{"class":67},[53,158353,517],{"class":333},[53,158355,19993],{"class":67},[53,158357,158358],{"class":148},"    # one item\n",[53,158360,158361,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,158362,137],{"class":136},[53,158364,121],{"class":67},[53,158366,3209],{"class":117},[53,158368,1226],{"class":67},[53,158370,517],{"class":333},[53,158372,171],{"class":67},[53,158374,1698],{"class":333},[53,158376,19993],{"class":67},[53,158378,158379],{"class":148},"  # slice\n",[53,158381,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,158383,137],{"class":136},[53,158385,121],{"class":67},[53,158387,3209],{"class":117},[53,158389,1226],{"class":67},[53,158391,1698],{"class":333},[53,158393,171],{"class":67},[53,158395,1905],{"class":333},[53,158397,19993],{"class":67},[53,158399,158400],{"class":148},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158402,388],{},[44,158404,158406],{"className":46,"code":158405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158407,158408,158412,158424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158409,158410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158411,70607],{"class":333},[53,158413,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158415,121],{"class":67},[53,158417,365],{"class":333},[53,158419,81],{"class":67},[53,158421,344],{"class":333},[53,158423,130],{"class":67},[53,158425,158426],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158427,8192],{"class":67},[20,158429,158430],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[44,158432,158434],{"className":46,"code":158433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158435,158436,158456,158460],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158437,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446,158448,158450,158452,158454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158439,326],{"class":59},[53,158441,64],{"class":63},[53,158443,8787],{"class":67},[53,158445,334],{"class":333},[53,158447,81],{"class":67},[53,158449,339],{"class":333},[53,158451,81],{"class":67},[53,158453,344],{"class":333},[53,158455,130],{"class":67},[53,158457,158458],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158459,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158461,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158463,137],{"class":136},[53,158465,121],{"class":67},[53,158467,3209],{"class":117},[53,158469,1226],{"class":67},[53,158471,1698],{"class":333},[53,158473,3449],{"class":67},[20,158475,158476,158477,158479,158480,37],{},"This raises an ",[15,158478,70114],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[195,158481,154217],{"href":158482},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[39,158484,14728],{"id":76525},[20,158486,158487],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[173,158489,158490,158493,158495,158498],{},[176,158491,158492],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[176,158494,60224],{},[176,158496,158497],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[176,158499,158500,158501],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158502,187],{},[20,158504,158505],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1418,158507,158509],{"id":158508},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[44,158511,158512],{"className":46,"code":157312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158513,158514,158542,158546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158515,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158517,326],{"class":59},[53,158519,64],{"class":63},[53,158521,8787],{"class":67},[53,158523,334],{"class":333},[53,158525,81],{"class":67},[53,158527,339],{"class":333},[53,158529,81],{"class":67},[53,158531,344],{"class":333},[53,158533,81],{"class":67},[53,158535,50386],{"class":333},[53,158537,81],{"class":67},[53,158539,4635],{"class":333},[53,158541,130],{"class":67},[53,158543,158544],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158545,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158547,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158549,137],{"class":136},[53,158551,121],{"class":67},[53,158553,3209],{"class":117},[53,158555,1226],{"class":67},[53,158557,517],{"class":333},[53,158559,171],{"class":67},[53,158561,2062],{"class":333},[53,158563,3449],{"class":67},[20,158565,388],{},[44,158567,158568],{"className":46,"code":157369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158569,158570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158573,121],{"class":67},[53,158575,365],{"class":333},[53,158577,81],{"class":67},[53,158579,344],{"class":333},[53,158581,81],{"class":67},[53,158583,50386],{"class":333},[53,158585,130],{"class":67},[20,158587,131796,158588,158590],{},[15,158589,2062],{}," is not included.",[1418,158592,158594],{"id":158593},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158596,4082],{},[44,158598,158600],{"className":46,"code":158599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158601,158602,158626,158630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158603,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158605,326],{"class":59},[53,158607,64],{"class":63},[53,158609,8787],{"class":67},[53,158611,334],{"class":333},[53,158613,81],{"class":67},[53,158615,339],{"class":333},[53,158617,81],{"class":67},[53,158619,344],{"class":333},[53,158621,81],{"class":67},[53,158623,50386],{"class":333},[53,158625,130],{"class":67},[53,158627,158628],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158629,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158631,158632],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158633,158634],{"class":148},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158636,158637],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[44,158639,158640],{"className":46,"code":154297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158641,158642,158666,158670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158643,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158645,326],{"class":59},[53,158647,64],{"class":63},[53,158649,8787],{"class":67},[53,158651,334],{"class":333},[53,158653,81],{"class":67},[53,158655,339],{"class":333},[53,158657,81],{"class":67},[53,158659,344],{"class":333},[53,158661,81],{"class":67},[53,158663,50386],{"class":333},[53,158665,130],{"class":67},[53,158667,158668],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158669,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158671,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158673,137],{"class":136},[53,158675,121],{"class":67},[53,158677,3209],{"class":117},[53,158679,1226],{"class":67},[53,158681,517],{"class":333},[53,158683,171],{"class":67},[53,158685,882],{"class":333},[53,158687,3449],{"class":67},[1418,158689,158691],{"id":158690},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[44,158693,158695],{"className":46,"code":158694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158696,158697,158721,158725,158740,158744,158755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158698,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158700,326],{"class":59},[53,158702,64],{"class":63},[53,158704,8787],{"class":67},[53,158706,334],{"class":333},[53,158708,81],{"class":67},[53,158710,339],{"class":333},[53,158712,81],{"class":67},[53,158714,344],{"class":333},[53,158716,81],{"class":67},[53,158718,50386],{"class":333},[53,158720,130],{"class":67},[53,158722,158723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158724,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158726,158727,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158728,158729],{"class":59},"slice_result ",[53,158731,64],{"class":63},[53,158733,356],{"class":59},[53,158735,74918],{"class":67},[53,158737,525],{"class":333},[53,158739,101],{"class":67},[53,158741,158742],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,158743,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,158745,158746,158748,158750,158753],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,158747,137],{"class":136},[53,158749,121],{"class":67},[53,158751,158752],{"class":117},"slice_result",[53,158754,130],{"class":67},[53,158756,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,158758,137],{"class":136},[53,158760,121],{"class":67},[53,158762,3209],{"class":117},[53,158764,130],{"class":67},[20,158766,388],{},[44,158768,158770],{"className":46,"code":158769,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158771,158772,158784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158775,121],{"class":67},[53,158777,334],{"class":333},[53,158779,81],{"class":67},[53,158781,339],{"class":333},[53,158783,130],{"class":67},[53,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158787,121],{"class":67},[53,158789,334],{"class":333},[53,158791,81],{"class":67},[53,158793,339],{"class":333},[53,158795,81],{"class":67},[53,158797,344],{"class":333},[53,158799,81],{"class":67},[53,158801,50386],{"class":333},[53,158803,130],{"class":67},[20,158805,158806],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[39,158808,113110],{"id":113109},[20,158810,158811],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[173,158813,158814,158817,158820,158826,158829],{},[176,158815,158816],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[176,158818,158819],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[176,158821,158822,158823],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158824,158825],{},"tuple[::0]",[176,158827,158828],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[176,158830,158831],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158833,158834],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[44,158836,158838],{"className":46,"code":158837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158839,158840,158850,158868,158890],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158841,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158843,137],{"class":136},[53,158845,121],{"class":67},[53,158847,147390],{"class":117},[53,158849,130],{"class":67},[53,158851,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158853,137],{"class":136},[53,158855,121],{"class":67},[53,158857,147390],{"class":117},[53,158859,1226],{"class":67},[53,158861,517],{"class":333},[53,158863,171],{"class":67},[53,158865,2062],{"class":333},[53,158867,3449],{"class":67},[53,158869,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,158871,137],{"class":136},[53,158873,121],{"class":67},[53,158875,1321],{"class":1320},[53,158877,121],{"class":67},[53,158879,147390],{"class":117},[53,158881,1226],{"class":67},[53,158883,517],{"class":333},[53,158885,171],{"class":67},[53,158887,2062],{"class":333},[53,158889,2559],{"class":67},[53,158891,158892,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,158893,137],{"class":136},[53,158895,121],{"class":67},[53,158897,10711],{"class":136},[53,158899,121],{"class":67},[53,158901,147390],{"class":117},[53,158903,628],{"class":67},[20,158905,10720],{},[173,158907,158908,158910,158913,158916],{},[176,158909,154604],{},[176,158911,158912],{},"what the slice actually returns",[176,158914,158915],{},"that the result is a tuple",[176,158917,158918],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[39,158920,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,158922,158924],{"id":158923},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158926,158927],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1418,158929,158931],{"id":158930},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158933,158934],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1418,158936,1421,158938,39502],{"id":158937},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158939,157757],{},[20,158941,158942],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1418,158944,158946,158947,1459],{"id":158945},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158948,70114],{},[20,158950,158951,158952,37],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158953,70114],{},[39,158955,1471],{"id":1470},[173,158957,158958,158962,158966,158970,158974],{},[176,158959,158960],{},[195,158961,155464],{"href":150351},[176,158963,158964],{},[195,158965,149045],{"href":152471},[176,158967,158968],{},[195,158969,150294],{"href":156628},[176,158971,158972],{},[195,158973,147372],{"href":156990},[176,158975,158976],{},[195,158977,154217],{"href":158482},[1494,158979,158980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":158982},[158983,158984,158985,158986,158994,158998,158999,159004,159005,159010,159011,159019],{"id":1565,"depth":104,"text":1566},{"id":156790,"depth":104,"text":156791},{"id":156993,"depth":104,"text":156994},{"id":75398,"depth":104,"text":75399,"children":158987},[158988,158990,158991,158992,158993],{"id":157151,"depth":133,"text":158989},"Get the first n items",{"id":157230,"depth":133,"text":157231},{"id":157308,"depth":133,"text":157309},{"id":157390,"depth":133,"text":157391},{"id":157472,"depth":133,"text":157473},{"id":75692,"depth":104,"text":75693,"children":158995},[158996,158997],{"id":157567,"depth":133,"text":157568},{"id":157651,"depth":133,"text":157652},{"id":157740,"depth":104,"text":157741},{"id":157992,"depth":104,"text":157993,"children":159000},[159001,159002,159003],{"id":158001,"depth":133,"text":158002},{"id":158117,"depth":133,"text":158118},{"id":158225,"depth":133,"text":158226},{"id":158291,"depth":104,"text":158292},{"id":76525,"depth":104,"text":14728,"children":159006},[159007,159008,159009],{"id":158508,"depth":133,"text":158509},{"id":158593,"depth":133,"text":158594},{"id":158690,"depth":133,"text":158691},{"id":113109,"depth":104,"text":113110},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":159012},[159013,159014,159015,159017],{"id":158923,"depth":133,"text":158924},{"id":158930,"depth":133,"text":158931},{"id":158937,"depth":133,"text":159016},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158945,"depth":133,"text":159018},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156634,"description":159020},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159027,"title":159028,"body":159029,"description":160852,"extension":1524,"meta":160853,"navigation":372,"path":34354,"seo":160854,"stem":160855,"__hash__":160856},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159030,"toc":160818},[159031,159036,159041,159045,159063,159066,159081,159087,159089,159146,159148,159180,159192,159198,159203,159206,159241,159247,159249,159252,159266,159269,159271,159294,159296,159314,159317,159333,159335,159338,159451,159453,159542,159545,159550,159556,159559,159562,159661,159663,159722,159727,159730,159799,159803,159835,159851,159856,159863,159870,159882,159884,159933,159935,159958,159964,160012,160017,160024,160032,160038,160041,160065,160068,160070,160146,160148,160173,160179,160182,160187,160191,160205,160207,160270,160272,160304,160307,160323,160325,160331,160338,160340,160359,160361,160379,160386,160391,160398,160400,160437,160440,160447,160451,160454,160512,160515,160518,160573,160575,160587,160593,160595,160599,160632,160639,160641,160704,160707,160709,160714,160728,160735,160743,160752,160761,160767,160773,160775,160815],[10,159032,3138,159034,3142],{"id":159033},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159035,1862],{},[20,159037,31862,159038,159040],{},[15,159039,1862],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159042,62299,159043,103954],{},[15,159044,1862],{},[173,159046,159047,159050,159053,159056],{},[176,159048,159049],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[176,159051,159052],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[176,159054,159055],{},"debug confusing code",[176,159057,159058,159059],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[195,159060,159061],{"href":7769},[15,159062,2518],{},[20,159064,159065],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[44,159067,159069],{"className":46,"code":159068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(object)\n",[15,159070,159071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159072,159073,159075,159077,159079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159074,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159076,121],{"class":67},[53,159078,41941],{"class":1320},[53,159080,130],{"class":67},[20,159082,159083,159084,159086],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159085,1862],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[39,159088,42],{"id":41},[44,159090,159092],{"className":46,"code":159091,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159093,159094,159106,159120,159124,159132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159095,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159097,7426],{"class":59},[53,159099,64],{"class":63},[53,159101,84],{"class":71},[53,159103,4558],{"class":75},[53,159105,1032],{"class":71},[53,159107,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159109,137],{"class":136},[53,159111,121],{"class":67},[53,159113,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159115,121],{"class":67},[53,159117,7220],{"class":117},[53,159119,628],{"class":67},[53,159121,159122],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159123,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159125,159126,159128,159130],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159127,1778],{"class":59},[53,159129,64],{"class":63},[53,159131,2145],{"class":333},[53,159133,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,159135,137],{"class":136},[53,159137,121],{"class":67},[53,159139,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159141,121],{"class":67},[53,159143,1800],{"class":117},[53,159145,628],{"class":67},[20,159147,388],{},[44,159149,159150],{"className":46,"code":124457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159151,159152,159166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159153,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159155,2851],{"class":63},[53,159157,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159159,2857],{"class":71},[53,159161,3005],{"class":75},[53,159163,2862],{"class":71},[53,159165,2865],{"class":63},[53,159167,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159169,2851],{"class":63},[53,159171,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159173,2857],{"class":71},[53,159175,1750],{"class":75},[53,159177,2862],{"class":71},[53,159179,2865],{"class":63},[20,159181,152,159182,159185,159186,667,159189,37],{},[15,159183,159184],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159187,159188],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159190,159191],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[39,159193,12548,159195,159197],{"id":159194},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159196,1862],{}," function does",[20,159199,159200,159202],{},[15,159201,1862],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159204,159205],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[173,159207,159208,159213,159218,159223,159228,159233],{},[176,159209,159210,159212],{},[15,159211,3005],{}," for text",[176,159214,159215,159217],{},[15,159216,1750],{}," for whole numbers",[176,159219,159220,159222],{},[15,159221,1753],{}," for decimal numbers",[176,159224,159225,159227],{},[15,159226,7643],{}," for lists",[176,159229,159230,159232],{},[15,159231,8371],{}," for dictionaries",[176,159234,159235,68478,159237,667,159239],{},[15,159236,3429],{},[15,159238,3167],{},[15,159240,3234],{},[20,159242,159243,159244,159246],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159245,1862],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[39,159248,202],{"id":201},[20,159250,159251],{},"The main beginner form is:",[44,159253,159254],{"className":46,"code":159068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159255,159256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159257,159258,159260,159262,159264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159259,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159261,121],{"class":67},[53,159263,41941],{"class":1320},[53,159265,130],{"class":67},[20,159267,159268],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159270,316],{},[44,159272,159274],{"className":46,"code":159273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159275,159276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159277,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159279,137],{"class":136},[53,159281,121],{"class":67},[53,159283,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159285,121],{"class":67},[53,159287,72],{"class":71},[53,159289,3406],{"class":75},[53,159291,72],{"class":71},[53,159293,628],{"class":67},[20,159295,388],{},[44,159297,159298],{"className":46,"code":45314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159299,159300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159301,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159303,2851],{"class":63},[53,159305,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159307,2857],{"class":71},[53,159309,3005],{"class":75},[53,159311,2862],{"class":71},[53,159313,2865],{"class":63},[20,159315,159316],{},"You can pass either:",[173,159318,159319,159326],{},[176,159320,159321,159322,2438,159324],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159323,64067],{},[15,159325,46070],{},[176,159327,159328,159329,2438,159331],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159330,7220],{},[15,159332,8850],{},[39,159334,121269],{"id":121268},[20,159336,159337],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[44,159339,159341],{"className":46,"code":159340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159342,159343,159361,159375,159389,159411,159437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159344,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159346,137],{"class":136},[53,159348,121],{"class":67},[53,159350,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159352,121],{"class":67},[53,159354,72],{"class":71},[53,159356,3406],{"class":75},[53,159358,72],{"class":71},[53,159360,628],{"class":67},[53,159362,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159364,137],{"class":136},[53,159366,121],{"class":67},[53,159368,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159370,121],{"class":67},[53,159372,334],{"class":333},[53,159374,628],{"class":67},[53,159376,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159378,137],{"class":136},[53,159380,121],{"class":67},[53,159382,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159384,121],{"class":67},[53,159386,39685],{"class":333},[53,159388,628],{"class":67},[53,159390,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159392,137],{"class":136},[53,159394,121],{"class":67},[53,159396,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159398,2546],{"class":67},[53,159400,517],{"class":333},[53,159402,81],{"class":67},[53,159404,790],{"class":333},[53,159406,81],{"class":67},[53,159408,1269],{"class":333},[53,159410,2559],{"class":67},[53,159412,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,159414,137],{"class":136},[53,159416,121],{"class":67},[53,159418,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159420,5081],{"class":67},[53,159422,72],{"class":71},[53,159424,7220],{"class":75},[53,159426,72],{"class":71},[53,159428,171],{"class":67},[53,159430,84],{"class":71},[53,159432,4558],{"class":75},[53,159434,72],{"class":71},[53,159436,5090],{"class":67},[53,159438,159439,159441,159443,159445,159447,159449],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,159440,137],{"class":136},[53,159442,121],{"class":67},[53,159444,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159446,121],{"class":67},[53,159448,3167],{"class":3413},[53,159450,628],{"class":67},[20,159452,388],{},[44,159454,159456],{"className":46,"code":159455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159457,159458,159472,159486,159500,159514,159528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159461,2851],{"class":63},[53,159463,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159465,2857],{"class":71},[53,159467,3005],{"class":75},[53,159469,2862],{"class":71},[53,159471,2865],{"class":63},[53,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159475,2851],{"class":63},[53,159477,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159479,2857],{"class":71},[53,159481,1750],{"class":75},[53,159483,2862],{"class":71},[53,159485,2865],{"class":63},[53,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159489,2851],{"class":63},[53,159491,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159493,2857],{"class":71},[53,159495,1753],{"class":75},[53,159497,2862],{"class":71},[53,159499,2865],{"class":63},[53,159501,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159503,2851],{"class":63},[53,159505,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159507,2857],{"class":71},[53,159509,7643],{"class":75},[53,159511,2862],{"class":71},[53,159513,2865],{"class":63},[53,159515,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,159517,2851],{"class":63},[53,159519,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159521,2857],{"class":71},[53,159523,8371],{"class":75},[53,159525,2862],{"class":71},[53,159527,2865],{"class":63},[53,159529,159530,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,159531,2851],{"class":63},[53,159533,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159535,2857],{"class":71},[53,159537,3429],{"class":75},[53,159539,2862],{"class":71},[53,159541,2865],{"class":63},[20,159543,159544],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159546,159547,159548,37],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[195,159549,44341],{"href":48520},[39,159551,664,159553,159555],{"id":159552},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159554,1862],{}," with variables",[20,159557,159558],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159560,159561],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[44,159563,159565],{"className":46,"code":159564,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159566,159567,159575,159593,159597,159609,159627,159631,159643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159568,159569,159571,159573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159570,2006],{"class":59},[53,159572,64],{"class":63},[53,159574,2145],{"class":333},[53,159576,159577,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589,159591],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159578,137],{"class":136},[53,159580,121],{"class":67},[53,159582,224],{"class":117},[53,159584,81],{"class":67},[53,159586,48932],{"class":1320},[53,159588,121],{"class":67},[53,159590,224],{"class":117},[53,159592,628],{"class":67},[53,159594,159595],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159596,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159600,2006],{"class":59},[53,159602,64],{"class":63},[53,159604,84],{"class":71},[53,159606,45451],{"class":75},[53,159608,1032],{"class":71},[53,159610,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,159612,137],{"class":136},[53,159614,121],{"class":67},[53,159616,224],{"class":117},[53,159618,81],{"class":67},[53,159620,48932],{"class":1320},[53,159622,121],{"class":67},[53,159624,224],{"class":117},[53,159626,628],{"class":67},[53,159628,159629],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,159630,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,159634,2006],{"class":59},[53,159636,64],{"class":63},[53,159638,68],{"class":67},[53,159640,334],{"class":333},[53,159642,101],{"class":67},[53,159644,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657,159659],{"class":55,"line":5977},[53,159646,137],{"class":136},[53,159648,121],{"class":67},[53,159650,224],{"class":117},[53,159652,81],{"class":67},[53,159654,48932],{"class":1320},[53,159656,121],{"class":67},[53,159658,224],{"class":117},[53,159660,628],{"class":67},[20,159662,388],{},[44,159664,159666],{"className":46,"code":159665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159667,159668,159685,159702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159669,159670,159672,159675,159677,159679,159681,159683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159671,334],{"class":333},[53,159673,159674],{"class":63}," \u003C",[53,159676,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159678,2857],{"class":71},[53,159680,1750],{"class":75},[53,159682,2862],{"class":71},[53,159684,2865],{"class":63},[53,159686,159687,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159688,159689],{"class":59},"ten ",[53,159691,2851],{"class":63},[53,159693,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159695,2857],{"class":71},[53,159697,3005],{"class":75},[53,159699,2862],{"class":71},[53,159701,2865],{"class":63},[53,159703,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159705,1226],{"class":67},[53,159707,334],{"class":333},[53,159709,12823],{"class":67},[53,159711,159674],{"class":63},[53,159713,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159715,2857],{"class":71},[53,159717,7643],{"class":75},[53,159719,2862],{"class":71},[53,159721,2865],{"class":63},[20,159723,159724,159726],{},[15,159725,1862],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159728,159729],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[44,159731,159733],{"className":46,"code":159732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159734,159735,159753,159767,159771,159785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159736,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159738,2953],{"class":59},[53,159740,64],{"class":63},[53,159742,7792],{"class":136},[53,159744,121],{"class":67},[53,159746,72],{"class":71},[53,159748,41413],{"class":75},[53,159750,72],{"class":71},[53,159752,130],{"class":67},[53,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159756,137],{"class":136},[53,159758,121],{"class":67},[53,159760,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159762,121],{"class":67},[53,159764,2979],{"class":117},[53,159766,628],{"class":67},[53,159768,159769],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159770,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159772,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159774,122381],{"class":59},[53,159776,64],{"class":63},[53,159778,44820],{"class":1320},[53,159780,121],{"class":67},[53,159782,2979],{"class":117},[53,159784,130],{"class":67},[53,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,159788,137],{"class":136},[53,159790,121],{"class":67},[53,159792,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159794,121],{"class":67},[53,159796,122404],{"class":117},[53,159798,628],{"class":67},[20,159800,40662,159801,40666],{},[15,159802,8744],{},[44,159804,159805],{"className":46,"code":124457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159806,159807,159821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159808,159809,159811,159813,159815,159817,159819],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159810,2851],{"class":63},[53,159812,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159814,2857],{"class":71},[53,159816,3005],{"class":75},[53,159818,2862],{"class":71},[53,159820,2865],{"class":63},[53,159822,159823,159825,159827,159829,159831,159833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159824,2851],{"class":63},[53,159826,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159828,2857],{"class":71},[53,159830,1750],{"class":75},[53,159832,2862],{"class":71},[53,159834,2865],{"class":63},[20,159836,45247,159837,159841,159842,2438,159846,159850],{},[195,159838,159839],{"href":7769},[15,159840,2518],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[195,159843,159844],{"href":2434},[15,159845,2437],{},[195,159847,159848],{"href":2441},[15,159849,2444],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159852,159853,159854,37],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[195,159855,8531],{"href":8530},[39,159857,159859,10136,159861],{"id":159858},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159860,1862],{},[15,159862,44349],{},[20,159864,159865,667,159867,159869],{},[15,159866,1862],{},[15,159868,44349],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[173,159871,159872,159877],{},[176,159873,159874,159876],{},[15,159875,1862],{}," tells you the exact type",[176,159878,159879,159881],{},[15,159880,44349],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159883,316],{},[44,159885,159887],{"className":46,"code":159886,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159888,159889,159897,159901,159915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159890,159891,159893,159895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159892,2006],{"class":59},[53,159894,64],{"class":63},[53,159896,34388],{"class":333},[53,159898,159899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159900,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159902,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159904,137],{"class":136},[53,159906,121],{"class":67},[53,159908,1321],{"class":1320},[53,159910,121],{"class":67},[53,159912,224],{"class":117},[53,159914,628],{"class":67},[53,159916,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,159918,137],{"class":136},[53,159920,121],{"class":67},[53,159922,48417],{"class":136},[53,159924,121],{"class":67},[53,159926,224],{"class":117},[53,159928,81],{"class":67},[53,159930,44820],{"class":1320},[53,159932,628],{"class":67},[20,159934,388],{},[44,159936,159938],{"className":46,"code":159937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159939,159940,159954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159943,2851],{"class":63},[53,159945,2854],{"class":1627},[53,159947,2857],{"class":71},[53,159949,1750],{"class":75},[53,159951,2862],{"class":71},[53,159953,2865],{"class":63},[53,159955,159956],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159957,3540],{"class":3413},[20,159959,159960,159961,159963],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159962,44349],{}," is more practical.",[44,159965,159967],{"className":46,"code":159966,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159968,159969,159977,159981,159997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159970,159971,159973,159975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159972,2006],{"class":59},[53,159974,64],{"class":63},[53,159976,34388],{"class":333},[53,159978,159979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159980,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,159982,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,159984,1042],{"class":1041},[53,159986,49155],{"class":136},[53,159988,121],{"class":67},[53,159990,224],{"class":117},[53,159992,81],{"class":67},[53,159994,44820],{"class":1320},[53,159996,7891],{"class":67},[53,159998,159999,160001,160003,160005,160008,160010],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160000,1058],{"class":136},[53,160002,121],{"class":67},[53,160004,72],{"class":71},[53,160006,160007],{"class":75},"This is an integer",[53,160009,72],{"class":71},[53,160011,130],{"class":67},[20,160013,152,160014,160016],{},[15,160015,1862],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160018,152,160019,160021,160022,6723],{},[15,160020,44349],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160023,1042],{},[20,160025,160026,160027,37],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[195,160028,3138,160030,3071],{"href":160029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160031,44349],{},[39,160033,160035,160036],{"id":160034},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160037,1862],{},[20,160039,160040],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[44,160042,160044],{"className":46,"code":160043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160045,160046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160047,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056,160059,160061,160063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160049,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160051,121],{"class":67},[53,160053,7220],{"class":117},[53,160055,81],{"class":67},[53,160057,160058],{"class":117}," bases",[53,160060,81],{"class":67},[53,160062,8721],{"class":1320},[53,160064,130],{"class":67},[20,160066,160067],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160069,316],{},[44,160071,160073],{"className":46,"code":160072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160074,160075,160118,160122,160132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160076,160077,160080,160082,160084,160086,160088,160091,160093,160095,160098,160100,160102,160105,160107,160109,160111,160114,160116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160078,160079],{"class":59},"Person ",[53,160081,64],{"class":63},[53,160083,48932],{"class":1320},[53,160085,121],{"class":67},[53,160087,72],{"class":71},[53,160089,160090],{"class":75},"Person",[53,160092,72],{"class":71},[53,160094,81],{"class":67},[53,160096,160097],{"class":67}," (),",[53,160099,10041],{"class":67},[53,160101,72],{"class":71},[53,160103,160104],{"class":75},"species",[53,160106,72],{"class":71},[53,160108,171],{"class":67},[53,160110,84],{"class":71},[53,160112,160113],{"class":75},"human",[53,160115,72],{"class":71},[53,160117,30041],{"class":67},[53,160119,160120],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160121,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,160123,160124,160126,160128,160130],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160125,137],{"class":136},[53,160127,121],{"class":67},[53,160129,160090],{"class":117},[53,160131,130],{"class":67},[53,160133,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160135,137],{"class":136},[53,160137,121],{"class":67},[53,160139,160090],{"class":117},[53,160141,37],{"class":67},[53,160143,160104],{"class":1223},[53,160145,130],{"class":67},[20,160147,388],{},[44,160149,160151],{"className":46,"code":160150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160152,160153,160168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160154,160155,160157,160159,160161,160164,160166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160156,2851],{"class":63},[53,160158,2854],{"class":1627},[53,160160,2857],{"class":71},[53,160162,160163],{"class":75},"__main__.Person",[53,160165,2862],{"class":71},[53,160167,2865],{"class":63},[53,160169,160170],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160171,160172],{"class":59},"human\n",[20,160174,160175,160176,160178],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160177,1112],{}," need this form.",[20,160180,160181],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[39,160183,1391,160185],{"id":160184},"when-to-use-type",[15,160186,1862],{},[20,160188,160189,11996],{},[15,160190,1862],{},[173,160192,160193,160196,160199,160202],{},[176,160194,160195],{},"debug unexpected values",[176,160197,160198],{},"check what a conversion produced",[176,160200,160201],{},"learn Python data types",[176,160203,160204],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160206,5024],{},[44,160208,160210],{"className":46,"code":160209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160211,160212,160224,160238,160242,160256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160213,160214,160216,160218,160220,160222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160215,34233],{"class":59},[53,160217,64],{"class":63},[53,160219,84],{"class":71},[53,160221,49788],{"class":75},[53,160223,1032],{"class":71},[53,160225,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160227,1778],{"class":59},[53,160229,64],{"class":63},[53,160231,44820],{"class":1320},[53,160233,121],{"class":67},[53,160235,34254],{"class":117},[53,160237,130],{"class":67},[53,160239,160240],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160241,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160245,137],{"class":136},[53,160247,121],{"class":67},[53,160249,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160251,121],{"class":67},[53,160253,34254],{"class":117},[53,160255,628],{"class":67},[53,160257,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266,160268],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,160259,137],{"class":136},[53,160261,121],{"class":67},[53,160263,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160265,121],{"class":67},[53,160267,1800],{"class":117},[53,160269,628],{"class":67},[20,160271,388],{},[44,160273,160274],{"className":46,"code":124457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160275,160276,160290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160277,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160279,2851],{"class":63},[53,160281,2854],{"class":1627},[53,160283,2857],{"class":71},[53,160285,3005],{"class":75},[53,160287,2862],{"class":71},[53,160289,2865],{"class":63},[53,160291,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160293,2851],{"class":63},[53,160295,2854],{"class":1627},[53,160297,2857],{"class":71},[53,160299,1750],{"class":75},[53,160301,2862],{"class":71},[53,160303,2865],{"class":63},[20,160305,160306],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160308,160309,160310,891,160314,894,160318,160322],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[195,160311,160312],{"href":41717},[15,160313,47225],{},[195,160315,160316],{"href":2434},[15,160317,2437],{},[195,160319,160320],{"href":2441},[15,160321,2444],{}," are often the next step.",[39,160324,24903],{"id":24902},[20,160326,160327,160328,160330],{},"A few things about ",[15,160329,1862],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1418,160332,160334,160337],{"id":160333},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160335,160336],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160339,64176],{},[44,160341,160343],{"className":46,"code":160342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160344,160345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160348,137],{"class":136},[53,160350,121],{"class":67},[53,160352,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160354,121],{"class":67},[53,160356,1698],{"class":333},[53,160358,628],{"class":67},[20,160360,122300],{},[44,160362,160363],{"className":46,"code":155812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160364,160365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160368,2851],{"class":63},[53,160370,2854],{"class":1627},[53,160372,2857],{"class":71},[53,160374,1750],{"class":75},[53,160376,2862],{"class":71},[53,160378,2865],{"class":63},[20,160380,40447,160381,160383,160384,37],{},[30,160382,1112],{}," print just ",[15,160385,1750],{},[20,160387,6228,160388,160390],{},[15,160389,1862],{}," returns a class object.",[1418,160392,160394,532,160396],{"id":160393},"input-returns-str",[15,160395,2518],{},[15,160397,3005],{},[20,160399,78925],{},[44,160401,160403],{"className":46,"code":160402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160404,160405,160423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160406,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160408,2006],{"class":59},[53,160410,64],{"class":63},[53,160412,7792],{"class":136},[53,160414,121],{"class":67},[53,160416,72],{"class":71},[53,160418,45854],{"class":75},[53,160420,72],{"class":71},[53,160422,130],{"class":67},[53,160424,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160426,137],{"class":136},[53,160428,121],{"class":67},[53,160430,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160432,121],{"class":67},[53,160434,224],{"class":117},[53,160436,628],{"class":67},[20,160438,160439],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160441,160442,160443,2438,160445,37],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160444,2437],{},[15,160446,2444],{},[1418,160448,160450],{"id":160449},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160452,160453],{},"Avoid code like this:",[44,160455,160457],{"className":46,"code":160456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160458,160459,160467,160471,160497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160460,160461,160463,160465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160462,2006],{"class":59},[53,160464,64],{"class":63},[53,160466,34388],{"class":333},[53,160468,160469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160470,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160474,1042],{"class":1041},[53,160476,48446],{"class":1320},[53,160478,121],{"class":67},[53,160480,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160482,121],{"class":67},[53,160484,224],{"class":117},[53,160486,762],{"class":67},[53,160488,5960],{"class":63},[53,160490,84],{"class":71},[53,160492,159191],{"class":75},[53,160494,72],{"class":71},[53,160496,1053],{"class":67},[53,160498,160499,160501,160503,160505,160508,160510],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160500,1058],{"class":136},[53,160502,121],{"class":67},[53,160504,72],{"class":71},[53,160506,160507],{"class":75},"It is an int",[53,160509,72],{"class":71},[53,160511,130],{"class":67},[20,160513,160514],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160516,160517],{},"Better options:",[44,160519,160521],{"className":46,"code":160520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160522,160523,160531,160535,160555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160524,160525,160527,160529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160526,2006],{"class":59},[53,160528,64],{"class":63},[53,160530,34388],{"class":333},[53,160532,160533],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160534,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160538,137],{"class":136},[53,160540,121],{"class":67},[53,160542,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160544,121],{"class":67},[53,160546,224],{"class":117},[53,160548,145],{"class":67},[53,160550,5960],{"class":63},[53,160552,44820],{"class":1320},[53,160554,130],{"class":67},[53,160556,160557,160559,160561,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160558,137],{"class":136},[53,160560,121],{"class":67},[53,160562,48417],{"class":136},[53,160564,121],{"class":67},[53,160566,224],{"class":117},[53,160568,81],{"class":67},[53,160570,44820],{"class":1320},[53,160572,628],{"class":67},[20,160574,388],{},[44,160576,160577],{"className":46,"code":4063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160578,160579,160583],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160580,160581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160582,3540],{"class":3413},[53,160584,160585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160586,3540],{"class":3413},[20,160588,160589,160590,160592],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160591,44349],{}," is the more useful check.",[39,160594,2389],{"id":2388},[20,160596,14284,160597,171],{},[15,160598,1862],{},[173,160600,160601,160611,160620,160629],{},[176,160602,664,160603,160605,160606,160610],{},[15,160604,1862],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[195,160607,160608],{"href":7769},[15,160609,2518],{}," always returns a string",[176,160612,8001,160613,160615,160616,1175,160618],{},[15,160614,1862],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160617,1750],{},[15,160619,159191],{},[176,160621,664,160622,44173,160625,160628],{},[15,160623,160624],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160626,160627],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[176,160630,160631],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160633,160634,160635,37],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[195,160636,160638],{"href":160637},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160640,143966],{},[44,160642,160644],{"className":46,"code":160643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160645,160646,160660,160670,160684,160694],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160647,160648,160650,160652,160654,160656,160658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160649,137],{"class":136},[53,160651,121],{"class":67},[53,160653,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160655,121],{"class":67},[53,160657,224],{"class":117},[53,160659,628],{"class":67},[53,160661,160662,160664,160666,160668],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160663,137],{"class":136},[53,160665,121],{"class":67},[53,160667,224],{"class":117},[53,160669,130],{"class":67},[53,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160673,137],{"class":136},[53,160675,121],{"class":67},[53,160677,41321],{"class":136},[53,160679,121],{"class":67},[53,160681,224],{"class":117},[53,160683,628],{"class":67},[53,160685,160686,160688,160690,160692],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160687,31697],{"class":136},[53,160689,121],{"class":67},[53,160691,1321],{"class":1320},[53,160693,130],{"class":67},[53,160695,160696,160698,160700,160702],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,160697,33917],{"class":136},[53,160699,121],{"class":67},[53,160701,224],{"class":117},[53,160703,130],{"class":67},[20,160705,160706],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[39,160708,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,160710,1421,160712,1424],{"id":160711},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160713,1862],{},[20,160715,160716,160717,891,160719,891,160721,1754,160723,160725,160726,37],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160718,3005],{},[15,160720,1750],{},[15,160722,7643],{},[15,160724,8371],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160727,159188],{},[1418,160729,14454,160731,56741,160733,1459],{"id":160730},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160732,1862],{},[15,160734,44349],{},[20,160736,45909,160737,160739,160740,160742],{},[15,160738,1862],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160741,44349],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1418,160744,4711,160746,160749,160750,1459],{"id":160745},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160747,160748],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160751,3005],{},[20,160753,28605,160754,160756,160757,2438,160759,159850],{},[15,160755,2518],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160758,2437],{},[15,160760,2444],{},[1418,160762,1446,160764,160766],{"id":160763},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160765,1862],{}," create classes?",[20,160768,160769,160770,37],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160771,160772],{},"type(object)",[39,160774,1471],{"id":1470},[173,160776,160777,160781,160787,160793,160797,160803,160809],{},[176,160778,160779],{},[195,160780,44341],{"href":48520},[176,160782,160783],{},[195,160784,3138,160785,3071],{"href":160029},[15,160786,44349],{},[176,160788,160789],{},[195,160790,3138,160791,3071],{"href":7769},[15,160792,2518],{},[176,160794,160795],{},[195,160796,8608],{"href":8530},[176,160798,160799],{},[195,160800,3138,160801,3071],{"href":2434},[15,160802,2437],{},[176,160804,160805],{},[195,160806,3138,160807,3071],{"href":2441},[15,160808,2444],{},[176,160810,160811],{},[195,160812,3138,160813,3071],{"href":41717},[15,160814,47225],{},[1494,160816,160817],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":160819},[160820,160821,160823,160824,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160840,160841,160851],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":159194,"depth":104,"text":160822},"What the type() function does",{"id":201,"depth":104,"text":202},{"id":121268,"depth":104,"text":121269},{"id":159552,"depth":104,"text":160826},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159858,"depth":104,"text":160828},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160034,"depth":104,"text":160830},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160184,"depth":104,"text":160832},"When to use type()",{"id":24902,"depth":104,"text":24903,"children":160834},[160835,160837,160839],{"id":160333,"depth":133,"text":160836},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160393,"depth":133,"text":160838},"input() returns str",{"id":160449,"depth":133,"text":160450},{"id":2388,"depth":104,"text":2389},{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":160842},[160843,160845,160847,160849],{"id":160711,"depth":133,"text":160844},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160730,"depth":133,"text":160846},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160745,"depth":133,"text":160848},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160763,"depth":133,"text":160850},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159028,"description":160852},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160858,"title":160859,"body":160860,"description":163339,"extension":1524,"meta":163340,"navigation":372,"path":163341,"seo":163342,"stem":163343,"__hash__":163344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160861,"toc":163296},[160862,160867,160872,160881,160883,160983,160985,161010,161015,161020,161036,161039,161041,161043,161068,161071,161074,161157,161159,161208,161211,161333,161335,161408,161412,161415,161529,161531,161557,161559,161580,161585,161589,161594,161597,161701,161703,161720,161729,161732,161819,161821,161832,161837,161843,161848,161854,161857,161950,161952,162001,162007,162010,162111,162113,162166,162171,162175,162178,162277,162279,162318,162321,162326,162328,162333,162337,162450,162454,162551,162555,162643,162645,162662,162666,162789,162795,162801,162807,162812,162815,162842,162846,162848,162942,162945,162949,162952,163039,163042,163077,163079,163116,163119,163127,163132,163137,163211,163218,163220,163225,163228,163234,163237,163243,163248,163254,163259,163263,163266,163268,163293],[10,160863,3138,160865,3142],{"id":160864},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160866,63852],{},[20,160868,160869,160871],{},[15,160870,63852],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160873,160874,160875,160877,160878,160880],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160876,63852],{}," inside a ",[15,160879,5510],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[39,160882,1566],{"id":1565},[44,160884,160886],{"className":46,"code":160885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160887,160888,160920,160940,160944,160969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914,160916,160918],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160891,4549],{"class":59},[53,160893,64],{"class":63},[53,160895,68],{"class":67},[53,160897,72],{"class":71},[53,160899,12432],{"class":75},[53,160901,72],{"class":71},[53,160903,81],{"class":67},[53,160905,84],{"class":71},[53,160907,35487],{"class":75},[53,160909,72],{"class":71},[53,160911,81],{"class":67},[53,160913,84],{"class":71},[53,160915,35496],{"class":75},[53,160917,72],{"class":71},[53,160919,101],{"class":67},[53,160921,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160923,4618],{"class":59},[53,160925,64],{"class":63},[53,160927,68],{"class":67},[53,160929,13052],{"class":333},[53,160931,81],{"class":67},[53,160933,13057],{"class":333},[53,160935,81],{"class":67},[53,160937,28464],{"class":333},[53,160939,101],{"class":67},[53,160941,160942],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,160943,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,160945,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,160947,5510],{"class":1041},[53,160949,35538],{"class":59},[53,160951,81],{"class":67},[53,160953,4660],{"class":59},[53,160955,1048],{"class":1041},[53,160957,160958],{"class":136}," zip",[53,160960,121],{"class":67},[53,160962,4593],{"class":117},[53,160964,81],{"class":67},[53,160966,4665],{"class":117},[53,160968,7891],{"class":67},[53,160970,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,160972,1058],{"class":136},[53,160974,121],{"class":67},[53,160976,7220],{"class":117},[53,160978,81],{"class":67},[53,160980,130246],{"class":117},[53,160982,130],{"class":67},[20,160984,388],{},[44,160986,160988],{"className":46,"code":160987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160989,160990,160996,161003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160991,160992,160994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160993,133265],{"class":59},[53,160995,32681],{"class":333},[53,160997,160998,161001],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160999,161000],{"class":59},"Ben ",[53,161002,32686],{"class":333},[53,161004,161005,161008],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161006,161007],{"class":59},"Cara ",[53,161009,32691],{"class":333},[20,161011,152,161012,161014],{},[15,161013,63852],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[39,161016,163,161018,166],{"id":161017},"what-zip-does",[15,161019,63852],{},[173,161021,161022,161027,161030,161033],{},[176,161023,161024,161026],{},[15,161025,63852],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[176,161028,161029],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[176,161031,161032],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[176,161034,161035],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161037,161038],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[39,161040,202],{"id":201},[20,161042,6769],{},[44,161044,161046],{"className":46,"code":161045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161047,161048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161049,161050,161052,161054,161057,161059,161062,161064,161066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161051,63922],{"class":136},[53,161053,121],{"class":67},[53,161055,161056],{"class":117},"iterable1",[53,161058,81],{"class":67},[53,161060,161061],{"class":117}," iterable2",[53,161063,81],{"class":67},[53,161065,33999],{"class":136},[53,161067,130],{"class":67},[20,161069,161070],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161072,161073],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[44,161075,161077],{"className":46,"code":161076,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161078,161079,161099,161131,161135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161080,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161082,326],{"class":59},[53,161084,64],{"class":63},[53,161086,68],{"class":67},[53,161088,517],{"class":333},[53,161090,81],{"class":67},[53,161092,790],{"class":333},[53,161094,81],{"class":67},[53,161096,1269],{"class":333},[53,161098,101],{"class":67},[53,161100,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161102,687],{"class":59},[53,161104,64],{"class":63},[53,161106,68],{"class":67},[53,161108,72],{"class":71},[53,161110,195],{"class":75},[53,161112,72],{"class":71},[53,161114,81],{"class":67},[53,161116,84],{"class":71},[53,161118,704],{"class":75},[53,161120,72],{"class":71},[53,161122,81],{"class":67},[53,161124,84],{"class":71},[53,161126,713],{"class":75},[53,161128,72],{"class":71},[53,161130,101],{"class":67},[53,161132,161133],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161134,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161136,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161138,137],{"class":136},[53,161140,121],{"class":67},[53,161142,7643],{"class":1320},[53,161144,121],{"class":67},[53,161146,63922],{"class":136},[53,161148,121],{"class":67},[53,161150,3209],{"class":117},[53,161152,81],{"class":67},[53,161154,69479],{"class":117},[53,161156,2472],{"class":67},[20,161158,388],{},[44,161160,161162],{"className":46,"code":161161,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161163,161164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161165,161166,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198,161200,161202,161204,161206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161167,21285],{"class":67},[53,161169,517],{"class":333},[53,161171,81],{"class":67},[53,161173,2857],{"class":71},[53,161175,195],{"class":75},[53,161177,2862],{"class":71},[53,161179,8784],{"class":67},[53,161181,8787],{"class":67},[53,161183,525],{"class":333},[53,161185,81],{"class":67},[53,161187,2857],{"class":71},[53,161189,704],{"class":75},[53,161191,2862],{"class":71},[53,161193,8784],{"class":67},[53,161195,8787],{"class":67},[53,161197,882],{"class":333},[53,161199,81],{"class":67},[53,161201,2857],{"class":71},[53,161203,713],{"class":75},[53,161205,2862],{"class":71},[53,161207,8800],{"class":67},[20,161209,161210],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[44,161212,161214],{"className":46,"code":161213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161215,161216,161248,161268,161302,161306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161217,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161219,4549],{"class":59},[53,161221,64],{"class":63},[53,161223,68],{"class":67},[53,161225,72],{"class":71},[53,161227,12432],{"class":75},[53,161229,72],{"class":71},[53,161231,81],{"class":67},[53,161233,84],{"class":71},[53,161235,35487],{"class":75},[53,161237,72],{"class":71},[53,161239,81],{"class":67},[53,161241,84],{"class":71},[53,161243,35496],{"class":75},[53,161245,72],{"class":71},[53,161247,101],{"class":67},[53,161249,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161251,4618],{"class":59},[53,161253,64],{"class":63},[53,161255,68],{"class":67},[53,161257,13052],{"class":333},[53,161259,81],{"class":67},[53,161261,13057],{"class":333},[53,161263,81],{"class":67},[53,161265,28464],{"class":333},[53,161267,101],{"class":67},[53,161269,161270,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161298,161300],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161271,161272],{"class":59},"grades ",[53,161274,64],{"class":63},[53,161276,68],{"class":67},[53,161278,72],{"class":71},[53,161280,21790],{"class":75},[53,161282,72],{"class":71},[53,161284,81],{"class":67},[53,161286,84],{"class":71},[53,161288,30145],{"class":75},[53,161290,72],{"class":71},[53,161292,81],{"class":67},[53,161294,84],{"class":71},[53,161296,161297],{"class":75},"B+",[53,161299,72],{"class":71},[53,161301,101],{"class":67},[53,161303,161304],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161305,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161307,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161331],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,161309,137],{"class":136},[53,161311,121],{"class":67},[53,161313,7643],{"class":1320},[53,161315,121],{"class":67},[53,161317,63922],{"class":136},[53,161319,121],{"class":67},[53,161321,4593],{"class":117},[53,161323,81],{"class":67},[53,161325,4665],{"class":117},[53,161327,81],{"class":67},[53,161329,161330],{"class":117}," grades",[53,161332,2472],{"class":67},[20,161334,388],{},[44,161336,161338],{"className":46,"code":161337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161339,161340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161341,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161343,21285],{"class":67},[53,161345,2862],{"class":71},[53,161347,12432],{"class":75},[53,161349,2862],{"class":71},[53,161351,81],{"class":67},[53,161353,19445],{"class":333},[53,161355,81],{"class":67},[53,161357,2857],{"class":71},[53,161359,21790],{"class":75},[53,161361,2862],{"class":71},[53,161363,8784],{"class":67},[53,161365,8787],{"class":67},[53,161367,2862],{"class":71},[53,161369,35487],{"class":75},[53,161371,2862],{"class":71},[53,161373,81],{"class":67},[53,161375,13057],{"class":333},[53,161377,81],{"class":67},[53,161379,2857],{"class":71},[53,161381,30145],{"class":75},[53,161383,2862],{"class":71},[53,161385,8784],{"class":67},[53,161387,8787],{"class":67},[53,161389,2862],{"class":71},[53,161391,35496],{"class":75},[53,161393,2862],{"class":71},[53,161395,81],{"class":67},[53,161397,28464],{"class":333},[53,161399,81],{"class":67},[53,161401,2857],{"class":71},[53,161403,161297],{"class":75},[53,161405,2862],{"class":71},[53,161407,8800],{"class":67},[39,161409,161411],{"id":161410},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161413,161414],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[44,161416,161418],{"className":46,"code":161417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161419,161420,161452,161472,161476,161500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161421,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161423,4549],{"class":59},[53,161425,64],{"class":63},[53,161427,68],{"class":67},[53,161429,72],{"class":71},[53,161431,12432],{"class":75},[53,161433,72],{"class":71},[53,161435,81],{"class":67},[53,161437,84],{"class":71},[53,161439,35487],{"class":75},[53,161441,72],{"class":71},[53,161443,81],{"class":67},[53,161445,84],{"class":71},[53,161447,35496],{"class":75},[53,161449,72],{"class":71},[53,161451,101],{"class":67},[53,161453,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161455,4618],{"class":59},[53,161457,64],{"class":63},[53,161459,68],{"class":67},[53,161461,13052],{"class":333},[53,161463,81],{"class":67},[53,161465,13057],{"class":333},[53,161467,81],{"class":67},[53,161469,28464],{"class":333},[53,161471,101],{"class":67},[53,161473,161474],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161475,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161477,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161479,5510],{"class":1041},[53,161481,35538],{"class":59},[53,161483,81],{"class":67},[53,161485,4660],{"class":59},[53,161487,1048],{"class":1041},[53,161489,160958],{"class":136},[53,161491,121],{"class":67},[53,161493,4593],{"class":117},[53,161495,81],{"class":67},[53,161497,4665],{"class":117},[53,161499,7891],{"class":67},[53,161501,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,161503,1058],{"class":136},[53,161505,121],{"class":67},[53,161507,21839],{"class":1627},[53,161509,72],{"class":75},[53,161511,8829],{"class":333},[53,161513,7220],{"class":117},[53,161515,21848],{"class":333},[53,161517,161518],{"class":75}," scored ",[53,161520,8829],{"class":333},[53,161522,84903],{"class":117},[53,161524,21848],{"class":333},[53,161526,72],{"class":75},[53,161528,130],{"class":67},[20,161530,388],{},[44,161532,161534],{"className":46,"code":161533,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161535,161536,161543,161550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161537,161538,161541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161539,161540],{"class":59},"Ana scored ",[53,161542,32681],{"class":333},[53,161544,161545,161548],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161546,161547],{"class":59},"Ben scored ",[53,161549,32686],{"class":333},[53,161551,161552,161555],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161553,161554],{"class":59},"Cara scored ",[53,161556,32691],{"class":333},[20,161558,44474],{},[173,161560,161561,161570,161573],{},[176,161562,161563,161566,161567],{},[15,161564,161565],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161568,161569],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[176,161571,161572],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[176,161574,161575,667,161577,161579],{},[15,161576,7220],{},[15,161578,84903],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161581,161582,161583,37],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[195,161584,68996],{"href":68995},[39,161586,161588],{"id":161587},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161590,161591,161593],{},[15,161592,63852],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161595,161596],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[44,161598,161600],{"className":46,"code":161599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161601,161602,161643,161659,161663,161687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161603,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161639,161641],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161605,4549],{"class":59},[53,161607,64],{"class":63},[53,161609,68],{"class":67},[53,161611,72],{"class":71},[53,161613,12432],{"class":75},[53,161615,72],{"class":71},[53,161617,81],{"class":67},[53,161619,84],{"class":71},[53,161621,35487],{"class":75},[53,161623,72],{"class":71},[53,161625,81],{"class":67},[53,161627,84],{"class":71},[53,161629,35496],{"class":75},[53,161631,72],{"class":71},[53,161633,81],{"class":67},[53,161635,84],{"class":71},[53,161637,161638],{"class":75},"Dan",[53,161640,72],{"class":71},[53,161642,101],{"class":67},[53,161644,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161646,4618],{"class":59},[53,161648,64],{"class":63},[53,161650,68],{"class":67},[53,161652,13052],{"class":333},[53,161654,81],{"class":67},[53,161656,13057],{"class":333},[53,161658,101],{"class":67},[53,161660,161661],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161662,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161664,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161666,5510],{"class":1041},[53,161668,35538],{"class":59},[53,161670,81],{"class":67},[53,161672,4660],{"class":59},[53,161674,1048],{"class":1041},[53,161676,160958],{"class":136},[53,161678,121],{"class":67},[53,161680,4593],{"class":117},[53,161682,81],{"class":67},[53,161684,4665],{"class":117},[53,161686,7891],{"class":67},[53,161688,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,161690,1058],{"class":136},[53,161692,121],{"class":67},[53,161694,7220],{"class":117},[53,161696,81],{"class":67},[53,161698,130246],{"class":117},[53,161700,130],{"class":67},[20,161702,388],{},[44,161704,161706],{"className":46,"code":161705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161707,161708,161714],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161709,161710,161712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161711,133265],{"class":59},[53,161713,32681],{"class":333},[53,161715,161716,161718],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161717,161000],{"class":59},[53,161719,32686],{"class":333},[20,161721,1846,161722,667,161725,161728],{},[15,161723,161724],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161726,161727],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161730,161731],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[44,161733,161735],{"className":46,"code":161734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161736,161737,161777,161793,161797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161738,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161740,4549],{"class":59},[53,161742,64],{"class":63},[53,161744,68],{"class":67},[53,161746,72],{"class":71},[53,161748,12432],{"class":75},[53,161750,72],{"class":71},[53,161752,81],{"class":67},[53,161754,84],{"class":71},[53,161756,35487],{"class":75},[53,161758,72],{"class":71},[53,161760,81],{"class":67},[53,161762,84],{"class":71},[53,161764,35496],{"class":75},[53,161766,72],{"class":71},[53,161768,81],{"class":67},[53,161770,84],{"class":71},[53,161772,161638],{"class":75},[53,161774,72],{"class":71},[53,161776,101],{"class":67},[53,161778,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161780,4618],{"class":59},[53,161782,64],{"class":63},[53,161784,68],{"class":67},[53,161786,13052],{"class":333},[53,161788,81],{"class":67},[53,161790,13057],{"class":333},[53,161792,101],{"class":67},[53,161794,161795],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161796,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161800,137],{"class":136},[53,161802,121],{"class":67},[53,161804,10711],{"class":136},[53,161806,121],{"class":67},[53,161808,4593],{"class":117},[53,161810,8784],{"class":67},[53,161812,37928],{"class":136},[53,161814,121],{"class":67},[53,161816,15940],{"class":117},[53,161818,628],{"class":67},[20,161820,388],{},[44,161822,161824],{"className":46,"code":161823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4 2\n",[15,161825,161826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161827,161828,161830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161829,2062],{"class":333},[53,161831,45133],{"class":333},[20,161833,161834,161835,37],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161836,63852],{},[39,161838,91494,161840,161842],{"id":161839},"converting-zip-output",[15,161841,63852],{}," output",[20,161844,28605,161845,161847],{},[15,161846,63852],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1418,161849,152,161851],{"id":161850},"use-listzip",[15,161852,161853],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161855,161856],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[44,161858,161860],{"className":46,"code":161859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161861,161862,161894,161914,161918,161940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161863,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161865,4549],{"class":59},[53,161867,64],{"class":63},[53,161869,68],{"class":67},[53,161871,72],{"class":71},[53,161873,12432],{"class":75},[53,161875,72],{"class":71},[53,161877,81],{"class":67},[53,161879,84],{"class":71},[53,161881,35487],{"class":75},[53,161883,72],{"class":71},[53,161885,81],{"class":67},[53,161887,84],{"class":71},[53,161889,35496],{"class":75},[53,161891,72],{"class":71},[53,161893,101],{"class":67},[53,161895,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161897,4618],{"class":59},[53,161899,64],{"class":63},[53,161901,68],{"class":67},[53,161903,13052],{"class":333},[53,161905,81],{"class":67},[53,161907,13057],{"class":333},[53,161909,81],{"class":67},[53,161911,28464],{"class":333},[53,161913,101],{"class":67},[53,161915,161916],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,161917,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,161919,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,161921,8766],{"class":59},[53,161923,64],{"class":63},[53,161925,22105],{"class":1320},[53,161927,121],{"class":67},[53,161929,63922],{"class":136},[53,161931,121],{"class":67},[53,161933,4593],{"class":117},[53,161935,81],{"class":67},[53,161937,4665],{"class":117},[53,161939,628],{"class":67},[53,161941,161942,161944,161946,161948],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,161943,137],{"class":136},[53,161945,121],{"class":67},[53,161947,8813],{"class":117},[53,161949,130],{"class":67},[20,161951,388],{},[44,161953,161955],{"className":46,"code":161954,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161956,161957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161958,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161960,21285],{"class":67},[53,161962,2862],{"class":71},[53,161964,12432],{"class":75},[53,161966,2862],{"class":71},[53,161968,81],{"class":67},[53,161970,19445],{"class":333},[53,161972,8784],{"class":67},[53,161974,8787],{"class":67},[53,161976,2862],{"class":71},[53,161978,35487],{"class":75},[53,161980,2862],{"class":71},[53,161982,81],{"class":67},[53,161984,13057],{"class":333},[53,161986,8784],{"class":67},[53,161988,8787],{"class":67},[53,161990,2862],{"class":71},[53,161992,35496],{"class":75},[53,161994,2862],{"class":71},[53,161996,81],{"class":67},[53,161998,28464],{"class":333},[53,162000,8800],{"class":67},[1418,162002,152,162004],{"id":162003},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162005,162006],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162008,162009],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[44,162011,162013],{"className":46,"code":162012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162014,162015,162047,162075,162079,162101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162016,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162018,16790],{"class":59},[53,162020,64],{"class":63},[53,162022,68],{"class":67},[53,162024,72],{"class":71},[53,162026,7220],{"class":75},[53,162028,72],{"class":71},[53,162030,81],{"class":67},[53,162032,84],{"class":71},[53,162034,8850],{"class":75},[53,162036,72],{"class":71},[53,162038,81],{"class":67},[53,162040,84],{"class":71},[53,162042,9959],{"class":75},[53,162044,72],{"class":71},[53,162046,101],{"class":67},[53,162048,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162050,3383],{"class":59},[53,162052,64],{"class":63},[53,162054,68],{"class":67},[53,162056,72],{"class":71},[53,162058,12432],{"class":75},[53,162060,72],{"class":71},[53,162062,81],{"class":67},[53,162064,8857],{"class":333},[53,162066,81],{"class":67},[53,162068,84],{"class":71},[53,162070,15582],{"class":75},[53,162072,72],{"class":71},[53,162074,101],{"class":67},[53,162076,162077],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162078,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162080,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162082,12754],{"class":59},[53,162084,64],{"class":63},[53,162086,8721],{"class":1320},[53,162088,121],{"class":67},[53,162090,63922],{"class":136},[53,162092,121],{"class":67},[53,162094,16473],{"class":117},[53,162096,81],{"class":67},[53,162098,3446],{"class":117},[53,162100,628],{"class":67},[53,162102,162103,162105,162107,162109],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162104,137],{"class":136},[53,162106,121],{"class":67},[53,162108,16855],{"class":117},[53,162110,130],{"class":67},[20,162112,388],{},[44,162114,162116],{"className":46,"code":162115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162117,162118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162119,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162121,8829],{"class":67},[53,162123,2862],{"class":71},[53,162125,7220],{"class":75},[53,162127,2862],{"class":71},[53,162129,171],{"class":67},[53,162131,2857],{"class":71},[53,162133,12432],{"class":75},[53,162135,2862],{"class":71},[53,162137,81],{"class":67},[53,162139,2857],{"class":71},[53,162141,8850],{"class":75},[53,162143,2862],{"class":71},[53,162145,171],{"class":67},[53,162147,8857],{"class":333},[53,162149,81],{"class":67},[53,162151,2857],{"class":71},[53,162153,9959],{"class":75},[53,162155,2862],{"class":71},[53,162157,171],{"class":67},[53,162159,2857],{"class":71},[53,162161,15582],{"class":75},[53,162163,2862],{"class":71},[53,162165,8860],{"class":67},[20,162167,162168,162169,37],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[195,162170,30631],{"href":30630},[1418,162172,162174],{"id":162173},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162176,162177],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[44,162179,162181],{"className":46,"code":162180,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162182,162183,162207,162223,162227,162245,162249,162263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162184,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162186,4549],{"class":59},[53,162188,64],{"class":63},[53,162190,68],{"class":67},[53,162192,72],{"class":71},[53,162194,12432],{"class":75},[53,162196,72],{"class":71},[53,162198,81],{"class":67},[53,162200,84],{"class":71},[53,162202,35487],{"class":75},[53,162204,72],{"class":71},[53,162206,101],{"class":67},[53,162208,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162210,4618],{"class":59},[53,162212,64],{"class":63},[53,162214,68],{"class":67},[53,162216,13052],{"class":333},[53,162218,81],{"class":67},[53,162220,13057],{"class":333},[53,162222,101],{"class":67},[53,162224,162225],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162226,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162228,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162230,8766],{"class":59},[53,162232,64],{"class":63},[53,162234,160958],{"class":136},[53,162236,121],{"class":67},[53,162238,4593],{"class":117},[53,162240,81],{"class":67},[53,162242,4665],{"class":117},[53,162244,130],{"class":67},[53,162246,162247],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162248,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162250,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,162252,137],{"class":136},[53,162254,121],{"class":67},[53,162256,7643],{"class":1320},[53,162258,121],{"class":67},[53,162260,8813],{"class":117},[53,162262,628],{"class":67},[53,162264,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,162266,137],{"class":136},[53,162268,121],{"class":67},[53,162270,7643],{"class":1320},[53,162272,121],{"class":67},[53,162274,8813],{"class":117},[53,162276,628],{"class":67},[20,162278,388],{},[44,162280,162282],{"className":46,"code":162281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162283,162284,162314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162285,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162287,21285],{"class":67},[53,162289,2862],{"class":71},[53,162291,12432],{"class":75},[53,162293,2862],{"class":71},[53,162295,81],{"class":67},[53,162297,19445],{"class":333},[53,162299,8784],{"class":67},[53,162301,8787],{"class":67},[53,162303,2862],{"class":71},[53,162305,35487],{"class":75},[53,162307,2862],{"class":71},[53,162309,81],{"class":67},[53,162311,13057],{"class":333},[53,162313,8800],{"class":67},[53,162315,162316],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162317,37839],{"class":67},[20,162319,162320],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162322,162323,162324,37],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[195,162325,4691],{"href":5138},[39,162327,40587],{"id":40586},[20,162329,162330,162331,37],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162332,63852],{},[1418,162334,162336],{"id":162335},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[44,162338,162340],{"className":46,"code":162339,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162341,162342,162374,162394,162398,162422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162343,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162345,4549],{"class":59},[53,162347,64],{"class":63},[53,162349,68],{"class":67},[53,162351,72],{"class":71},[53,162353,12432],{"class":75},[53,162355,72],{"class":71},[53,162357,81],{"class":67},[53,162359,84],{"class":71},[53,162361,35487],{"class":75},[53,162363,72],{"class":71},[53,162365,81],{"class":67},[53,162367,84],{"class":71},[53,162369,35496],{"class":75},[53,162371,72],{"class":71},[53,162373,101],{"class":67},[53,162375,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162377,4618],{"class":59},[53,162379,64],{"class":63},[53,162381,68],{"class":67},[53,162383,13052],{"class":333},[53,162385,81],{"class":67},[53,162387,13057],{"class":333},[53,162389,81],{"class":67},[53,162391,28464],{"class":333},[53,162393,101],{"class":67},[53,162395,162396],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162397,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162399,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162401,5510],{"class":1041},[53,162403,35538],{"class":59},[53,162405,81],{"class":67},[53,162407,4660],{"class":59},[53,162409,1048],{"class":1041},[53,162411,160958],{"class":136},[53,162413,121],{"class":67},[53,162415,4593],{"class":117},[53,162417,81],{"class":67},[53,162419,4665],{"class":117},[53,162421,7891],{"class":67},[53,162423,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162425,1058],{"class":136},[53,162427,121],{"class":67},[53,162429,21839],{"class":1627},[53,162431,72],{"class":75},[53,162433,8829],{"class":333},[53,162435,7220],{"class":117},[53,162437,21848],{"class":333},[53,162439,21851],{"class":75},[53,162441,8829],{"class":333},[53,162443,84903],{"class":117},[53,162445,21848],{"class":333},[53,162447,72],{"class":75},[53,162449,130],{"class":67},[1418,162451,162453],{"id":162452},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[44,162455,162457],{"className":46,"code":162456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162458,162459,162491,162515,162519,162541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162460,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162462,16790],{"class":59},[53,162464,64],{"class":63},[53,162466,68],{"class":67},[53,162468,72],{"class":71},[53,162470,12201],{"class":75},[53,162472,72],{"class":71},[53,162474,81],{"class":67},[53,162476,84],{"class":71},[53,162478,7220],{"class":75},[53,162480,72],{"class":71},[53,162482,81],{"class":67},[53,162484,84],{"class":71},[53,162486,15372],{"class":75},[53,162488,72],{"class":71},[53,162490,101],{"class":67},[53,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162494,3383],{"class":59},[53,162496,64],{"class":63},[53,162498,68],{"class":67},[53,162500,46136],{"class":333},[53,162502,81],{"class":67},[53,162504,84],{"class":71},[53,162506,12432],{"class":75},[53,162508,72],{"class":71},[53,162510,81],{"class":67},[53,162512,3476],{"class":3413},[53,162514,101],{"class":67},[53,162516,162517],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162518,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162520,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162522,8716],{"class":59},[53,162524,64],{"class":63},[53,162526,8721],{"class":1320},[53,162528,121],{"class":67},[53,162530,63922],{"class":136},[53,162532,121],{"class":67},[53,162534,16473],{"class":117},[53,162536,81],{"class":67},[53,162538,3446],{"class":117},[53,162540,628],{"class":67},[53,162542,162543,162545,162547,162549],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162544,137],{"class":136},[53,162546,121],{"class":67},[53,162548,8755],{"class":117},[53,162550,130],{"class":67},[1418,162552,162554],{"id":162553},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[44,162556,162558],{"className":46,"code":162557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162559,162560,162580,162600,162604,162629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162561,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162563,80041],{"class":59},[53,162565,64],{"class":63},[53,162567,68],{"class":67},[53,162569,334],{"class":333},[53,162571,81],{"class":67},[53,162573,339],{"class":333},[53,162575,81],{"class":67},[53,162577,344],{"class":333},[53,162579,101],{"class":67},[53,162581,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162583,80062],{"class":59},[53,162585,64],{"class":63},[53,162587,68],{"class":67},[53,162589,334],{"class":333},[53,162591,81],{"class":67},[53,162593,8857],{"class":333},[53,162595,81],{"class":67},[53,162597,344],{"class":333},[53,162599,101],{"class":67},[53,162601,162602],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162603,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162605,162606,162608,162610,162612,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162607,5510],{"class":1041},[53,162609,56423],{"class":59},[53,162611,81],{"class":67},[53,162613,162614],{"class":59}," b ",[53,162616,1048],{"class":1041},[53,162618,160958],{"class":136},[53,162620,121],{"class":67},[53,162622,111133],{"class":117},[53,162624,81],{"class":67},[53,162626,80105],{"class":117},[53,162628,7891],{"class":67},[53,162630,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162632,1058],{"class":136},[53,162634,121],{"class":67},[53,162636,2112],{"class":117},[53,162638,4245],{"class":63},[53,162640,2117],{"class":117},[53,162642,130],{"class":67},[20,162644,388],{},[44,162646,162648],{"className":46,"code":162647,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162649,162650,162654,162658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162651,162652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162653,3540],{"class":3413},[53,162655,162656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162657,3601],{"class":3413},[53,162659,162660],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162661,3540],{"class":3413},[1418,162663,162665],{"id":162664},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[44,162667,162669],{"className":46,"code":162668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162670,162671,162706,162729,162733,162760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162672,162673,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162693,162695,162697,162699,162702,162704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162674,162675],{"class":59},"products ",[53,162677,64],{"class":63},[53,162679,68],{"class":67},[53,162681,72],{"class":71},[53,162683,24686],{"class":75},[53,162685,72],{"class":71},[53,162687,81],{"class":67},[53,162689,84],{"class":71},[53,162691,162692],{"class":75},"Pen",[53,162694,72],{"class":71},[53,162696,81],{"class":67},[53,162698,84],{"class":71},[53,162700,162701],{"class":75},"Bag",[53,162703,72],{"class":71},[53,162705,101],{"class":67},[53,162707,162708,162710,162712,162714,162717,162719,162722,162724,162727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162709,82431],{"class":59},[53,162711,64],{"class":63},[53,162713,68],{"class":67},[53,162715,162716],{"class":333},"12.5",[53,162718,81],{"class":67},[53,162720,162721],{"class":333}," 1.2",[53,162723,81],{"class":67},[53,162725,162726],{"class":333}," 25.0",[53,162728,101],{"class":67},[53,162730,162731],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162732,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162734,162735,162737,162739,162741,162744,162746,162748,162750,162753,162755,162758],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162736,5510],{"class":1041},[53,162738,24747],{"class":59},[53,162740,81],{"class":67},[53,162742,162743],{"class":59}," price ",[53,162745,1048],{"class":1041},[53,162747,160958],{"class":136},[53,162749,121],{"class":67},[53,162751,162752],{"class":117},"products",[53,162754,81],{"class":67},[53,162756,162757],{"class":117}," prices",[53,162759,7891],{"class":67},[53,162761,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162763,1058],{"class":136},[53,162765,121],{"class":67},[53,162767,21839],{"class":1627},[53,162769,72],{"class":75},[53,162771,8829],{"class":333},[53,162773,26554],{"class":117},[53,162775,21848],{"class":333},[53,162777,162778],{"class":75}," costs $",[53,162780,8829],{"class":333},[53,162782,24695],{"class":117},[53,162784,21848],{"class":333},[53,162786,72],{"class":75},[53,162788,130],{"class":67},[20,162790,36144,162791,37],{},[195,162792,162794],{"href":162793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[39,162796,162798,162799],{"id":162797},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162800,63852],{},[1418,162802,8001,162804,162806],{"id":162803},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162805,63852],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162808,162809,162811],{},[15,162810,63852],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162813,162814],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[44,162816,162818],{"className":46,"code":162817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162819,162820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162821,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162823,137],{"class":136},[53,162825,121],{"class":67},[53,162827,10711],{"class":136},[53,162829,121],{"class":67},[53,162831,111133],{"class":117},[53,162833,8784],{"class":67},[53,162835,37928],{"class":136},[53,162837,121],{"class":67},[53,162839,80328],{"class":117},[53,162841,628],{"class":67},[1418,162843,162845],{"id":162844},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162847,68219],{},[44,162849,162851],{"className":46,"code":162850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162852,162853,162889,162893,162906,162916,162920,162932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162854,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162856,8766],{"class":59},[53,162858,64],{"class":63},[53,162860,160958],{"class":136},[53,162862,2546],{"class":67},[53,162864,517],{"class":333},[53,162866,81],{"class":67},[53,162868,790],{"class":333},[53,162870,17609],{"class":67},[53,162872,68],{"class":67},[53,162874,72],{"class":71},[53,162876,195],{"class":75},[53,162878,72],{"class":71},[53,162880,81],{"class":67},[53,162882,84],{"class":71},[53,162884,704],{"class":75},[53,162886,72],{"class":71},[53,162888,3449],{"class":67},[53,162890,162891],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162892,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162894,162895,162897,162899,162901,162904],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,162896,5510],{"class":1041},[53,162898,5513],{"class":59},[53,162900,1048],{"class":1041},[53,162902,162903],{"class":59}," pairs",[53,162905,1053],{"class":67},[53,162907,162908,162910,162912,162914],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,162909,1058],{"class":136},[53,162911,121],{"class":67},[53,162913,22856],{"class":117},[53,162915,130],{"class":67},[53,162917,162918],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,162919,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,162921,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930],{"class":55,"line":1076},[53,162923,5510],{"class":1041},[53,162925,5513],{"class":59},[53,162927,1048],{"class":1041},[53,162929,162903],{"class":59},[53,162931,1053],{"class":67},[53,162933,162934,162936,162938,162940],{"class":55,"line":1084},[53,162935,1058],{"class":136},[53,162937,121],{"class":67},[53,162939,22856],{"class":117},[53,162941,130],{"class":67},[20,162943,162944],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1418,162946,162948],{"id":162947},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162950,162951],{},"This is correct:",[44,162953,162955],{"className":46,"code":162954,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162956,162957,162981,162997,163001,163025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162960,4549],{"class":59},[53,162962,64],{"class":63},[53,162964,68],{"class":67},[53,162966,72],{"class":71},[53,162968,12432],{"class":75},[53,162970,72],{"class":71},[53,162972,81],{"class":67},[53,162974,84],{"class":71},[53,162976,35487],{"class":75},[53,162978,72],{"class":71},[53,162980,101],{"class":67},[53,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162984,4618],{"class":59},[53,162986,64],{"class":63},[53,162988,68],{"class":67},[53,162990,13052],{"class":333},[53,162992,81],{"class":67},[53,162994,13057],{"class":333},[53,162996,101],{"class":67},[53,162998,162999],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,163000,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,163002,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,163004,5510],{"class":1041},[53,163006,35538],{"class":59},[53,163008,81],{"class":67},[53,163010,4660],{"class":59},[53,163012,1048],{"class":1041},[53,163014,160958],{"class":136},[53,163016,121],{"class":67},[53,163018,4593],{"class":117},[53,163020,81],{"class":67},[53,163022,4665],{"class":117},[53,163024,7891],{"class":67},[53,163026,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037],{"class":55,"line":798},[53,163028,1058],{"class":136},[53,163030,121],{"class":67},[53,163032,7220],{"class":117},[53,163034,81],{"class":67},[53,163036,130246],{"class":117},[53,163038,130],{"class":67},[20,163040,163041],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[44,163043,163045],{"className":46,"code":163044,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163046,163047,163067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163048,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163050,5510],{"class":1041},[53,163052,5513],{"class":59},[53,163054,1048],{"class":1041},[53,163056,160958],{"class":136},[53,163058,121],{"class":67},[53,163060,4593],{"class":117},[53,163062,81],{"class":67},[53,163064,4665],{"class":117},[53,163066,7891],{"class":67},[53,163068,163069,163071,163073,163075],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,163070,1058],{"class":136},[53,163072,121],{"class":67},[53,163074,22856],{"class":117},[53,163076,130],{"class":67},[20,163078,388],{},[44,163080,163082],{"className":46,"code":163081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163083,163084,163100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163087,121],{"class":67},[53,163089,2862],{"class":71},[53,163091,12432],{"class":75},[53,163093,2862],{"class":71},[53,163095,81],{"class":67},[53,163097,19445],{"class":333},[53,163099,130],{"class":67},[53,163101,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,163103,121],{"class":67},[53,163105,2862],{"class":71},[53,163107,35487],{"class":75},[53,163109,2862],{"class":71},[53,163111,81],{"class":67},[53,163113,13057],{"class":333},[53,163115,130],{"class":67},[20,163117,163118],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1418,163120,664,163122,163124,163125],{"id":163121},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163123,63852],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163126,35296],{},[20,163128,152,163129,163131],{},[15,163130,63852],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163133,152,163134,163136],{},[15,163135,35296],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[44,163138,163139],{"className":46,"code":35464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,163140,163141,163173,163177,163197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163142,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163144,4549],{"class":59},[53,163146,64],{"class":63},[53,163148,68],{"class":67},[53,163150,72],{"class":71},[53,163152,12432],{"class":75},[53,163154,72],{"class":71},[53,163156,81],{"class":67},[53,163158,84],{"class":71},[53,163160,35487],{"class":75},[53,163162,72],{"class":71},[53,163164,81],{"class":67},[53,163166,84],{"class":71},[53,163168,35496],{"class":75},[53,163170,72],{"class":71},[53,163172,101],{"class":67},[53,163174,163175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,163176,373],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":372},[53,163178,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195],{"class":55,"line":133},[53,163180,5510],{"class":1041},[53,163182,35368],{"class":59},[53,163184,81],{"class":67},[53,163186,35515],{"class":59},[53,163188,1048],{"class":1041},[53,163190,35378],{"class":136},[53,163192,121],{"class":67},[53,163194,4593],{"class":117},[53,163196,7891],{"class":67},[53,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209],{"class":55,"line":376},[53,163200,1058],{"class":136},[53,163202,121],{"class":67},[53,163204,118],{"class":117},[53,163206,81],{"class":67},[53,163208,35538],{"class":117},[53,163210,130],{"class":67},[20,163212,163213,163214,37],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[195,163215,3138,163216,3071],{"href":91406},[15,163217,35296],{},[39,163219,1416],{"id":1415},[1418,163221,1421,163223,1424],{"id":163222},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163224,63852],{},[20,163226,163227],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1418,163229,1431,163231,163233],{"id":163230},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163232,63852],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163235,163236],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1418,163238,163240,163241,1459],{"id":163239},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163242,63852],{},[20,163244,163245,163246,37],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163247,161853],{},[1418,163249,163251,163252,1459],{"id":163250},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163253,63852],{},[20,163255,127611,163256,163258],{},[15,163257,162006],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1418,163260,163262],{"id":163261},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163264,163265],{},"A zip object is an iterator. 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values))",{"id":162173,"depth":133,"text":162174},{"id":40586,"depth":104,"text":40587,"children":163313},[163314,163315,163316,163317],{"id":162335,"depth":133,"text":162336},{"id":162452,"depth":133,"text":162453},{"id":162553,"depth":133,"text":162554},{"id":162664,"depth":133,"text":162665},{"id":162797,"depth":104,"text":163319,"children":163320},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163321,163323,163324,163325],{"id":162803,"depth":133,"text":163322},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162844,"depth":133,"text":162845},{"id":162947,"depth":133,"text":162948},{"id":163121,"depth":133,"text":163326},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1415,"depth":104,"text":1416,"children":163328},[163329,163331,163333,163335,163337],{"id":163222,"depth":133,"text":163330},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163230,"depth":133,"text":163332},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163239,"depth":133,"text":163334},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163250,"depth":133,"text":163336},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163261,"depth":133,"text":163262},{"id":1470,"depth":104,"text":1471},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160859,"description":163339},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945119496]